Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Microscopy
The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.
Electrons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.
Electron Transport
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Microscopy, Confocal
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Microscopy, Atomic Force
A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission
A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Cryoelectron Microscopy
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.
Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling
A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.
Microscopy, Video
Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
Microscopy, Polarization
Microscopy, Interference
The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.
Electron Probe Microanalysis
Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Cell Membrane
Staining and Labeling
Microscopy, Scanning Probe
Scanning microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Freeze Fracturing
Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.
Electron Transport Complex IV
A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Models, Molecular
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Fluorescent Dyes
Electron Transport Complex III
A multisubunit enzyme complex that contains CYTOCHROME B GROUP; CYTOCHROME C1; and iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to UBIQUINONE, and transfers the electrons to CYTOCHROME C. In MITOCHONDRIA the redox reaction is coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Surface Properties
Cells, Cultured
Histocytochemistry
Immunohistochemistry
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Amino Acid Sequence
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Rabbits
Cytoplasm
Gold
Microscopy, Acoustic
A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Negative Staining
The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.
Microtomy
Cattle
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Protein Binding
Microscopy, Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron
An analytical transmission electron microscopy method using an electron microscope fitted with an energy filtering lens. The method is based on the principle that some of the ELECTRONS passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The amount of energy loss is dependent upon the element. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum (ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY) reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. It is used analytically and quantitatively to determine which, how much of, and where specific ELEMENTS are in a sample. For example, it is used for elemental mapping of PHOSPHORUS to trace the strands of NUCLEIC ACIDS in nucleoprotein complexes.
X-Ray Diffraction
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Membrane Proteins
Freeze Etching
A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.
Histological Techniques
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Temperature
Epithelium
Photosynthesis
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Organoids
Mutation
Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins
A complex of enzymes and PROTON PUMPS located on the inner membrane of the MITOCHONDRIA and in bacterial membranes. The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES.
Models, Biological
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Spectrophotometry
Corrosion Casting
A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.
Electron Transport Complex I
A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase complex that catalyzes the conversion of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol. In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. The NADH DEHYDROGENASE component of the complex can be isolated and is listed as EC 1.6.99.3.
Microtubules
Nanotechnology
Cytochrome c Group
Cryoultramicrotomy
Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins
Protein complexes that take part in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They are located within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of plant CHLOROPLASTS and a variety of structures in more primitive organisms. There are two major complexes involved in the photosynthetic process called PHOTOSYSTEM I and PHOTOSYSTEM II.
Cytoskeleton
Organelles
Oxygen
Cytochromes
Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.
Phosphotungstic Acid
Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Inclusion Bodies, Viral
An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.
Electrochemistry
Osmium
Spin Labels
Spectrum Analysis
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Nanoparticles
Crystallization
Tissue Embedding
Macromolecular Substances
Photosystem I Protein Complex
Binding Sites
Luminescent Proteins
Photons
Water
Inclusion Bodies
A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Cell Wall
Ferredoxins
Golgi Apparatus
A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Models, Chemical
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Lasers
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
Nanostructures
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Freeze Substitution
Virion
Fluorescence
Base Sequence
Glutaral
Scattering, Radiation
Collagen
Ubiquinone
Polymers
Cornea
The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Blotting, Western
Chlorophyll
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
Microscopy, Ultraviolet
Spectrum Analysis, Raman
Basement Membrane
A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Rats, Wistar
Vacuoles
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Materials Testing
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss
A technique for analysis of the chemical composition of molecules. A substance is bombarded with monochromatic ELECTRONS. Some of the electrons passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The energy loss is element dependent. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. ENERGY-FILTERED TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY is a type of electron energy loss spectroscopy carried out in electron microscopes specially outfitted to analyze the spectrum of electron energy loss.
Hydrogen
The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.
Crystallography, X-Ray
Endocytosis
Liposomes
Biological Transport
Subcellular Fractions
Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)
Models, Structural
Heme
Molecular Structure
Intercellular Junctions
Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)
Free Radicals
Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
Photosystem II Protein Complex
Cell Fractionation
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Coloring Agents
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Intracellular Membranes
Protein Transport
HeLa Cells
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Lysosomes
A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Disease Models, Animal
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Silver
Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.
Biofilms
Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.
Iron-Sulfur Proteins
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Holography
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Liver
Bacterial Adhesion
Fibroblasts
Cricetinae
Shewanella
Kidney
Graphite
Protons
Dogs
Actin Cytoskeleton
Cell Biology
Iron
Adsorption
Optics and Photonics
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Solubility
Skin
Copper
Antimycin A
Rhodamines
The structlre of pili (fimbriae) of Moraxella bovis. (1/34186)
Cells from rough and smooth colonies of Moraxella bovis were examined by electron microscopy utilizing both shadowing and thin sectioning techniques. Pili were found on the surfaces of cells from rough but not smooth colonies. Pili had a peritrichoud distribution and appeared as delicate (6.5-8.5 nm in diameter), elongated unbranched filaments. When bacteria were sectioned pili did not contain central pores and appeared to originate from opacities on the surface of the cell wall. (+info)New perspectives on biliary atresia. (2/34186)
An investigation into the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of biliary atresia was carried out because the prognosis remains so poor.In an electron microscopical study no viral particles or viral inclusion bodies were seen, nor were any specific ultrastructural features observed. An animal experiment suggested that obstruction within the biliary tract of newborn rabbits could be produced by maternal intravenous injection of the bile acid lithocholic acid.A simple and atraumatic method of diagnosis was developed using(99) (m)Tc-labelled compounds which are excreted into bile. Two compounds, (99m)Tc-pyridoxylidene glutamate ((99m)Tc-PG) and (99m)Tc-dihydrothioctic acid ((99m)Tc-DHT) were first assessed in normal piglets and piglets with complete biliary obstruction. Intestinal imaging correlated with biliary tract patency, and the same correlation was found in jaundiced human adults, in whom the (99m)Tc-PG scan correctly determined biliary patency in 21 out of 24 cases. The (99m)Tc-PG scan compared well with liver biopsy and (131)I-Rose Bengal in the diagnosis of 11 infants with prolonged jaundice.A model of extrahepatic biliary atresia was developed in the newborn piglet so that different methods of bile drainage could be assessed. Priorities in biliary atresia lie in a better understanding of the aetiology and early diagnosis rather than in devising new bile drainage procedures. (+info)The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (3/34186)
1. VLD (very-low-density), LD (low-density) and HD (high-density) lipoproteins were isolated from the serum of trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). 2. Each lipoprotein class resembled that of the human in immunological reactivity, electrophoretic behaviour and appearance in the electron microscope. Trout LD lipoprotein, however, was of greater density than human LD lipoprotein. 3. The trout lipoproteins have lipid compositions which are similar to those of the corresponding human components, except for their high contents of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. 4. HD and LD lipoproteins were immunologically non-identical, whereas LD lipoproteins possessed antigenic determinants in common with VLD lipoproteins. 5. VLD and HD lipoproteins each contained at least seven different apoproteins, whereas LD liprotein was composed largely of a single apoprotein which resembled human apolipoprotein B. 6. At least one, and possibly three, apoprotein of trout HD lipoprotein showed features which resemble human apoprotein A-1.7. The broad similarity between the trout and human lipoprotein systems suggests that both arose from common ancestral genes early in evolutionary history. (+info)Assessment of hepatotoxic potential. (4/34186)
Philosophic concepts and pragmatic approaches toward improved understanding of the effect of drugs in the hepatocyte are reviewed. No set pattern of studies is advocated but rather observations are encouraged within the framework of studies that provide for varied exposure of the hepatocyte. Clinical usage should be imitated to provide earliest possible indications of toxicity in man. The need for definitive characterization through utilization of appropriate methodology derived from cross-fertilization of related disciplines is stressed. Both minimal and maximal dose effects should be established. Selected use of electron microscopy has become essential for characterizing responses of the liver to injury. The advantages of the toluidine blue-stained Epon "thick" sections are emphasized. Such observations are used to implement the utility of serial biopsies from the beagle dog prior to and during long-term study of potential hepatic injury. Examples of the critical effects of drug concentration within the hepatocyte are presented. (+info)Four dimers of lambda repressor bound to two suitably spaced pairs of lambda operators form octamers and DNA loops over large distances. (5/34186)
Transcription factors that are bound specifically to DNA often interact with each other over thousands of base pairs [1] [2]. Large DNA loops resulting from such interactions have been observed in Escherichia coli with the transcription factors deoR [3] and NtrC [4], but such interactions are not, as yet, well understood. We propose that unique protein complexes, that are not present in solution, may form specifically on DNA. Their uniqueness would make it possible for them to interact tightly and specifically with each other. We used the repressor and operators of coliphage lambda to construct a model system in which to test our proposition. lambda repressor is a dimer at physiological concentrations, but forms tetramers and octamers at a hundredfold higher concentration. We predict that two lambda repressor dimers form a tetramer in vitro when bound to two lambda operators spaced 24 bp apart and that two such tetramers interact to form an octamer. We examined, in vitro, relaxed circular plasmid DNA in which such operator pairs were separated by 2,850 bp and 2,470 bp. Of these molecules, 29% formed loops as seen by electron microscopy (EM). The loop increased the tightness of binding of lambda repressor to lambda operator. Consequently, repression of the lambda PR promoter in vivo was increased fourfold by the presence of a second pair of lambda operators, separated by a distance of 3,600 bp. (+info)Difference between mammary epithelial cells from mature virgin and primiparous mice. (6/34186)
Mammary epithelial cells from mature virgin mice are similar to those from primiparous mice in several respects. However, there is one known difference. The cells from the mature virgin must traverse the cell cycle in order to become competent to make casein and enzymatically active alpha-lactalbumin in vitro; those from the primiparous animal can make these proteins without first traversing the cycle. In this regard, cells from human placental lactogen- and prolactin-treated mature virgins are, after involution, similar to those from primiparous mice. The developemental block in the cells from the mature virgin, imposed by preventing cell cycle traversal, has been partially delineated. It does not appear to reside at the levels of ultrastructural maturation or the formation of casein messenger RNA. Rather, the lesion is postranscriptional and may be at the level of translation, or posttranslational modification, or both. (+info)Unsaturated fatty acid requirements for growth and survival of a rat mammary tumor cell line. (7/34186)
A cell line, the growth and survival of which is markedly affected by linoleic acid, has been established from a carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumor. The cells have been continuously passaged in 5% rat serum plus 10% fetal calf serum-supplemented medium. The rat serum component was found to be indispensalbe, for when it was omitted the growth rate rapidly declined and the cells died by 5 to 7 days. Removal of the rat serum from the growth medium also resulted in a dramatic loss of Oil Red O-positive droplets in the cells, suggesting that the lipid component of rat serum might be a major growth-promoting principle in rat serum. This is likely since the total lipid fraction, but not the delipidized protein fraction, could largely supplant requirement of the cells for rat serum. Pure linoleic acid was found to be effective in maintaining the cell growth in delipidized serum or in whole fetal calf serum-supplemented medium. Fatty acid analysis revealed a 19-fold higher amount of linoleic acid in rat serum than in fetal calf serum. (+info)Effect of desiccation on the ultrastructural appearances of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter lwoffii. (8/34186)
An Acinetobacter baumannii isolate survived desiccation beyond 30 days and an Acinetobacter lwoffii isolate up to 21 days. For both species, desiccation resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of round cells (A baumannii, 40% to 80%; A lwoffii, 51% to 63%) and a significant decrease in rod shaped cells (A baumannii, 58% to 13%; A lwoffii, 46% to 34%). Electronmicroscopic examination showed that there was also a corresponding significant increase in the cell wall thickness (A baumannii, up to 53%; A lwoffii, up to 26%). Desiccated A baumannii cells became more electron-dense and had significantly thicker cell walls (x1.3) than those of A lwoffii. Cell wall structures of A baumannii strains with different abilities to resist desiccation deserve further study. (+info)
Smallpox Virus Single Virion As Seen By Negative Stain Electron Microscopy Stock Photo | Getty Images
The ultrastructure of patch-clamped membranes: a study using high voltage electron microscopy. | JCB
Low and high voltage electron microscopy of mitosis and cytokinesis in maize roots
Solid state amorphization of metastable Al<sub>0.5</sub>TiZrPdCuNi high entropy alloy investigated by high voltage electron...
Quantitative Electron Microscopic Investigation on Changes of Mitochondria in Long‐Term CPZ Administration in Rat Brain, Liver...
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A structural study of tin-antimony oxide catalysts by high-resolution electron microscopy<...
Patente US5102585 - Method for intermittently depositing particulate material in a substrate - Google Patentes
Electron-microscopic study of the spindle and chromosome movement in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Journal of Cell...
The structure of grain boundaries in granite-origin ultramylonite studied by high-resolution electron microscopy<...
Search Results | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Large Datasets: Single Particle Electron Microscopy
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION OF URINARY MUCOPROTEIN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH INFLUENZA VIRUS | JCB
EMDB EMD-22958 structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
Colonization of polystyrene microparticles by Vibrio crassostreae: light and electron microscopic investigation
Observation of Colloidal Gold Labelled Platelet Surface Receptors and by R. M. Albrecht, J. A. Oliver et al.
CiNii 論文 - HVEM Observation of Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion in the Pigment Epithelium ...
Scanning Electron Microscopic Visualization of Bridge Formation inside the Porous Channels of Diesel Particulate Filters - SAE...
Anatomical and physiological observations on synapses formed on isolated autonomic neurons in tissue culture<...
Characterizing amorphous materials with gravimetric vapour sorption techniques
FluoEM, virtual labeling of axons in three-dimensional electron microscopy data for long-range connectomics | eLife
Ultrastructural Changes in Pig Hepatocytes During the Transitional Period from Late Foetal to Early Neonatal Life | Journal of...
Electron microscopic study of infantile renal biopsy specimens | Meta
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Correlative light and electron microscopy of autophagosomes<...
commandline - Electron microscopy / Image analysis / 3D reconstruction
Chapter 14: Electron microscopy of hydrated samples. - Semantic Scholar
Fine Structure of the His Bundle | Circulation
Electron microscope image contrast of small dislocation loops and stacking-fault tetrahedra | Philosophical Transactions of the...
High-resolution electron microscopy of a Sr-containing sialon polytypoid phase
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CHARACTERIZATION OF SI-IMPLANTED AND ELECTRON-BEAM-ANNEALED SILICON-ON-SAPPHIRE USING HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY -...
National Environmental Testing Lab Now IDs Carbon Black with Electron-Microscopy
Microscope Products for Ultrastructural Investigations
The mechanism of vortex connection at a free surface<...
Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy Of Macromolecular Assemblies Visualization Of Biological Molecules In Their Native State ...
Oxidation of bismuth-tungsten bronzes<...
Ultrastructural organisation of HCV from the bloodstream of infected patients revealed by electron microscopy after specific...
Ultrastructural organisation of HCV from the bloodstream of infected patients revealed by electron microscopy after specific...
HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTRON C By Buseck: Buy Hardcover Edition at Best Prices in India | 9780195042757 | BuyHatke.com
Quantitative high resolution electron microscopy - Institutional Repository University of Antwerp
Transmission electron micrographs showing the tracheal | Open-i
Electron microscopic investigation of lysogeny of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from antibiotic-associated diarrhea...
Public Domain Picture | Here a negative stain electron micrograph reveals a M (mulberry type) monkeypox virus virion in...
Get PDF - Electron microscopic studies on renal tubules (Malpighian tubules) in Drosophila melanogaster. V. Localization of Na...
Structural Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae THO Complex by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering - Research - Aarhus...
Efficient three-dimensional reconstruction of synapse with high-voltage electron microscopy<...
Changes of organelles associated with the differentiation of epidermal melanocytes in the mouse | Development
Impact of cadmium on early stages of flax fibre differentiation: Ultrastructural aspects and pectic features of cell walls -...
Mineralogy and petrology of the argillaceous sedimentary rocks of the UK. | Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and...
Influence of a prolonged period of low-dosage x-rays on the optic and ultrastructural appearances of cataract of the human lens...
31P nuclear magnetic resonance and freeze-fracture electron microscopy studies on Escherichia coli. I. Cytoplasmic membrane and...
Confocal laser scanning and electron microscopical studies on osmoregulatory epithelia in the branchial cavity of the lobster...
Structure relaxation and crystallization of the CoW-CoNiW-NiW electrodeposited alloys | Nanoscale Research Letters | Full Text
Thymosin beta 4 may translocate from the cytoplasm in to the nucleus in HepG2 cells following serum starvation. An...
Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin binding sites on islets | Science
Electron microscope analysis of residual particles from aircraft contrails
Fe-Modeling Of Starved Hydrodynamic Lubrication With Free Surface Effects<...
Onset of synaptogenesis in the plexiform layers of the chick retina: A transmission electron microscopic study - RERO DOC
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Pathology of Epithelioid Schwannoma - A rare variant of Nerve Sheath Tumour [Infographic] - Dr Sampurna Roy MD
An iterative method for obtaining a nonlinear solution for the temperature distribution of a rotating spherical body revolving...
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Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis - Page 28 - Just another WordPress site
Comparison of Electron and Light Microscopy of Chromosome Aberration I by Abbas Parsian
Three-dimensional reconstruction of synapses and dendritic spines in the rat and ground squirrel hippocampus: New structural...
Single particle analysis - Wikipedia
The fate of plasma protein which escapes from blood vessels of the choroid plexus of the rat--an electron microscope study. -...
Course detail - Advanced Methods of Electron Microscopy (233763) - BUT
Macrophages possess probenecid-inhibitable organic anion transporters that remove fluorescent dyes from the cytoplasmic matrix....
Active zone - Wikipedia
Morphologcal and Ultrastructural Study on the Prostate of a Land Snail Nesiohelix samarangae, a Stylommatophoran Pulmonate
MUTATIONS IN THE COL4A4 AND COL4A3 GENES CAUSE FAMILIAL BENIGN HEMATURIA
ULTRAPATH XVIII | Society for Ultrastructural Pathology
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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Early Fixation of Cobalt-Chromium Based Alloy Surgical Implants to Bone Using a Tissue-engineering...
Coordinated structural plasticity across synapses in the adult hippocampus
Interconnecting | Article about interconnecting by The Free Dictionary
Focused Ion-Beam and Scanning Electron Microscopy Facility - CAMCOR
Myosin from pancreatic acinar carcinoma cells. Isolation, characterization and demonstration of heavy- and light-chain...
Refractory materials - Determination of bulk density of granular materials (grain density)
Ultrastructural investigation of mitochondrial networks by serial block face scanning electron microscopy | NIH Research...
Patente US4772322 - Production of flat products from particulate material - Google Patentes
STATIC DISSIPATIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITION HAVING CONTROLLED CONDUCTIVITY - Patent application
LILACS-Some ultrastructural observations of the vegetative, resting and excysting ciliate, urostyla grandis (urostylidae,...
Enrico Fermi Institute
Electron microscopy; Ion microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry; Nonimaging optics and solar energy concentration; ...
Astrovirology
Transmission electron microscopy: TEM can visualize virion structure, but the imaging procedure is more difficult than SEM, and ... "Electron Microscopy , TEM vs SEM - US". www.thermofisher.com. Retrieved 2021-02-21. Janjic, Aleksandar (2018-11-29). "The Need ... The following methods could offer biosignatures with varying levels of usefulness: Scanning electron microscopy: SEM has ...
Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy
Electron microscopy. Histopathology and tissue preservation. Pharmacology and tissue therapy. Immunology. Biochemistry. ...
Peter Hirsch
Wilkinson, A. J.; Hirsch, P. B. (1997). "Electron diffraction based techniques in scanning electron microscopy of bulk ... In the mid-1950s he pioneered the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to metals and developed in detail the ... P. Hirsch, A. Howie, R. Nicholson, D. W. Pashley and M. J. Whelan (1965/1977) Electron microscopy of thin crystals ( ... In 1965, with Howie, Whelan, Pashley and Nicholson, he published the text Electron microscopy of thin crystals. The following ...
Wye College
... electron microscopy; use of radiochemicals; soil analysis, and plant/animal cell culture. Research was carried out at the Dairy ...
Cuticle analysis
Depending on the desired outcome, both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be ... "Electron Microscopy , TEM vs SEM - US". www.thermofisher.com. Retrieved 2022-04-26. Benítez JJ, Guzman-Puyol S, Domínguez E, ... Guignard G (2021-05-18). "Method for ultrastructural fine details of plant cuticles by transmission electron microscopy". ... Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can also be used as a complementary method to provide high-resolution topographic imaging at ...
Textile stabilization
Electron microscopy. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/electron-microscopy Britannica, T. Editors ... SEM-EDS): scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy is used for directly studying the surfaces of solid ... action of the electron beam stimulates the emission of high-energy backscattered electrons and low-energy secondary electrons ... scientists routinely use scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ...
Center for Functional Nanomaterials
The Laboratory Facilities include capabilities in nanopatterning, transmission electron microscopy, nanomaterials synthesis, ... Electron Microscopy; Soft and Biological Materials; Theory and Computation. Scientific highlights within these themes can be ... Access is also offered to the Laser Electron Accelerator Facility (LEAF). The CFN is operated as a national user facility, ...
Conservation scientist
Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS): Uses an electronic beam to scan the surface of a ... n.d.). Scanning electron microscopy. Retrieved April 19, 2014. CAMEO. (2014). Chromatography. Retrieved April 19, 2014. CAMEO ... n.d.). SEM/EDS: Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis. Archived 2014-06-08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved ...
Scavenger endothelial cell
Medical Electron Microscopy. 37 (4): 208-15. doi:10.1007/s00795-004-0261-4. PMID 15614445. S2CID 8188662. Kamimoto, M; Rung- ...
St. Andrews Biological Station
... and electron microscopy. Minimal incubator spaces are available at SABS but they are available at the adjacent Huntsman Marine ...
Transport-of-intensity equation
The TIE method is also applied for phase retrieval in transmission electron microscopy. Bostan, E. (2014). "Phase Retrieval by ... is a computational approach to reconstruct the phase of a complex wave in optical and electron microscopy. It describes the ... Curl, C.L. (2004). "Quantitative phase microscopy: a new tool for measurement of cell culture growth and confluency in situ". ... Using Transport-of-Intensity Equation and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy". IEEE International Conference on ...
Cavendish Laboratory
Electron Microscopy Group led by Archie Howie Radio Astronomy (led by Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish), with the Cavendish ... "Electron Microscopy Group". Graham-Smith, F. (1986). "Martin Ryle. 27 September 1918-14 October 1984". Biographical Memoirs of ... Several important early physics discoveries were made here, including the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson (1897) the ... Notable discoveries to have occurred at the Cavendish Laboratory include the discovery of the electron, neutron, and structure ...
John C. H. Spence
He is also a world leader in the development and application of atomic-resolution electron microscopy and its use for the study ... Zuo, Jian Min; Spence, John C. H. (2017). Advanced transmission electron microscopy : imaging and diffraction in nanoscience. ... Spence, John (2013). High-resolution electron microscopy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966863-2. "Regent's ... High-resolution electron microscopy (4th ed.). Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-150840-0. OCLC 862086211. ...
Virus
Long GW, Nobel J, Murphy FA, Herrmann KL, Lourie B (September 1970). "Experience with electron microscopy in the differential ... 33-37 Kiselev NA, Sherman MB, Tsuprun VL (1990). "Negative staining of proteins". Electron Microscopy Reviews. 3 (1): 43-72. ... These are solutions of salts of heavy metals, such as tungsten, that scatter the electrons from regions covered with the stain ... Kuznetsov YG, Malkin AJ, Lucas RW, Plomp M, McPherson A (September 2001). "Imaging of viruses by atomic force microscopy". The ...
DEFB103A
Medical Electron Microscopy. 36 (2): 94-7. doi:10.1007/s00795-002-0206-8. PMID 12825122. S2CID 1543924. Wu Z, Hoover DM, Yang D ...
Park Jeong Young
"Hot Electron". SCALE Lab. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2022. "Scanning Probe Microscopy". SCALE Lab. 10 June 2014. Retrieved ... "빛이 전기로 활발히 전환되는 '핫스팟' 찾았다-나노미터 수준에서 핫전자(hot electron) 거동 관찰…고효율 에너지 소자 응용 기대". Naver (in Korean). 29 January 2019. Retrieved 2 ... Park, Jeong Young; Baker, L. Robert; Somorjai, Gábor A. (22 April 2015). "Role of hot electrons and metal-oxide interfaces in ... Atomic force microscopy has permitted the investigation of nanomechanical, structural properties, and charge transport. 2010- ...
Lipid bilayer
Electron microscopy offers a higher resolution image. In an electron microscope, a beam of focused electrons interacts with the ... Experiments on bilayers often require advanced techniques like electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. When ... This theory was confirmed through the use of electron microscopy in the late 1950s. Although he did not publish the first ... In conjunction with rapid freezing techniques, electron microscopy has also been used to study the mechanisms of inter- and ...
Focused ion beam
Levi-Setti, R. (1974). "Proton scanning microscopy: feasibility and promise". Scanning Electron Microscopy: 125. W. H. Escovitz ... The same protocol used for preparing samples to transmission electron microscopy can also be used to select a micro area of a ... For a minimal introduction of stress and bending to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples (lamellae, thin films, and ... This technique is particularly suitable for in situ electron microscopy sample preparation. The same successive milling steps ...
Polylysine
Applications to electron microscopy". The Journal of Cell Biology. 66 (1): 198-200. doi:10.1083/jcb.66.1.198. PMC 2109515. PMID ...
Junctional epithelium
Journal of Electron Microscopy. 52 (6): 627-39. doi:10.1093/jmicro/52.6.627. PMID 14756251. Listgarten MA. "University of ...
Gottfried Möllenstedt
Tonomura, A. (1998). "Prof Dr Gottfried MOLLENSTEDT (1913-1997)". Journal of Electron Microscopy. 47 (5): 363-364. doi:10.1093/ ... This prism made Möllenstedt a pioneer of electron interferometry. Around 1960 he developed electron and ion beam lithography, ... In 1950, in Mosbach, he found that an electron beam can be split by a thin tungsten wire to create a double image. From this ... 1999). Introduction to Electron Holography. Springer. p. ix. ISBN 978-1-4615-4817-1. Möllenstedt, G. (1941). "Messungen an den ...
Silver(I) fluoride
Slayter, Elizabeth (1992). Light and Electron Microscopy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521339483. Hill, Levi L. (1856 ...
Gonocyte
"Gap Junctions of Lens Fiber Cells in Freeze-Fracture Replicas". Journal of Electron Microscopy. 1976. doi:10.1093/ ...
Stigmator
Articles to be expanded from March 2016, All articles to be expanded, Articles using small message boxes, Electron microscopy, ... ISBN 978-1-4200-4555-0. Peter W. Hawkes (6 November 2013). The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-1- ... ISBN 978-0-85296-906-9. Peter W. Hawkes (6 November 2013). The Beginnings of Electron Microscopy. Elsevier Science. p. 369. ... ISBN 978-1-4832-8465-1. Saul Wischnitzer (22 October 2013). Introduction to Electron Microscopy. Elsevier Science. pp. 91-92. ...
Durcupan
Journal of Electron Microscopy. Japan Society Microscopy. 12 (1): 72-73. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a049375. Archived ... Stäubli, W. (1963). "A new embedding technique for electron microscopy, combining a water-soluble epoxy resin (Durcupan) with ... It is commonly used for embedding electron microscope samples in plastic so they may be sectioned (sliced thin) with a ...
Cytochemistry
Electron microscopy of proteins. James R. Harris. London: Academic Press, a subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 0-12- ... Journal of Electron Microscopy. 45 (3): 242-246. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023440. ISSN 0022-0744. Takizawa, T.; Saito ... Journal of Electron Microscopy. 46 (1): 85-91. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023494. ISSN 0022-0744. Chayen, J. (1980). ... cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry, ...
Microorganism
1 December 2012). "Prokaryote or eukaryote? A unique microorganism from the deep sea". Journal of Electron Microscopy. 61 (6): ... Robert Hooke, a contemporary of Leeuwenhoek, also used microscopy to observe microbial life in the form of the fruiting bodies ...
EM Data Bank
"Electron Microscopy Data Bank". Electron Microscopy Data Bank. Retrieved 2021-08-05. Esquivel-Rodríguez, J; Xiong, Y; Han, X; ... Cryo-Electron Microscopy Colocalization Benchmark Source Lawson, Catherine L; Baker, Matthew L; Best, Christoph; et al. ( ... The EM Data Bank or Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB) collects 3D EM maps and associated experimental data determined using ... 30 May 2015). "Navigating 3D electron microscopy maps with EM-SURFER". BMC Bioinform. 16 (181): 181. doi:10.1186/s12859-015- ...
John M. Cowley
The John M. Cowley Center for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy at Arizona State is named in his honor. John Cowley was an ... He received the highest awards of the International Union of Crystallography, the Electron Microscopy Society of America and ... He made pioneering contributions in the fields of electron microscopy, diffraction and crystallography, all of which brought ... Journal of Electron Microscopy. 54 (3): 151-62. doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfi038. PMID 16123069. Sumio Iijima (2005) In Memory of the ...
Periplasma bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Cryo-electron microscopy reveals native polymeric cell wall structure in Bacillus subtilis 168 and the existence of a ... bacteria and fine structures of Enterococcus gallinarum and Streptococcus gordonii septa revealed by cryo-electron microscopy ...
Neoplasm
Electron microscopy. *Immunofluorescence. *Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinical pathology. *Clinical chemistry. * ...
போலியோ வைரஸ் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
"Entry and release of poliovirus as observed by electron microscopy of cultured cells". J. Virol. 4 (4): 505-13. 1 October 1969 ...
Random laser
The conditions for this localization are that there is a high enough density of scatterers in the metal (other electrons, spins ... time-resolved microscopy/spectroscopy, sensing, friend-foe identification, etc. Furthermore, random laser is naturally endowed ... Anderson localization is a well-known phenomenon that occurs when electrons become trapped in a disordered metallic structure, ... The analogy between photons and electrons has encouraged the vision that photons diffusing through a scattering medium could be ...
Polarization (waves)
Randy O. Wayne (16 December 2013). Light and Video Microscopy. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-411536-1. .. ... The effect of free electrons in the ionosphere, in conjunction with the earth's magnetic field, causes Faraday rotation, a sort ... This is the same mechanism which can rotate the axis of linear polarization by electrons in interstellar space as mentioned ...
Coronavirus - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Using transmission electron microscopy,the three viruses were shown to be similar in shape and have club-like spikes.[32] A ... and refers to how virions look under an electron microscopy (E.M.).[9] They have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections ... the novel cold virus OC43 had distinctive club-like spikes when observed with the electron microscope.[34][35] ... "The chronicles of coronaviruses: the electron microscope, the doughnut, and the spike". Science Vision. 20 (2): 78-92. doi ...
Ingwara iterwa n'umugera wa Ebola
Ryabchikova, Elena I.; Price, Barbara B. (2004). Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy. ...
උපදංශය - විකිපීඩියා
Blood tests, dark field microscopy of infected fluid[1][2]. Differential diagnosis. Many other diseases[1]. ... Electron micrograph of Treponema pallidum. විශේෂතාව. Infectious disease. රෝග ලක්ෂණ. Firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulcer[1]. ...
Bryozoa
Modern research and experiments have been done using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy of uncoated type material to ... Hall, S.R.; Taylor, P.D.; Davis, SA; Mann, S (2002). "Electron diffraction studies of the calcareous skeletons of bryozoans". ... Reynolds, K.T. (2000). "Taxonomically Important Features on the Surface of Floatoblasts in Plumatella (Bryozoa)". Microscopy ...
Autoschizis
Scanning electron and light microscopy of a new cell death induced by sodium ascorbate: Menadione treatment". Scanning. 25 (3 ... Microscopy and Microanalysis. 9(4): 311 -329.. *J. Gilloteaux, J.M. Jamison, D. Arnold, J.L. Summers: 2003. LM and SEM aspects ...
Neodymium
a b Kuipers, J., Giepmans, B.N.G. Neodymium as an alternative contrast for uranium in electron microscopy. Histochem Cell Biol ... Uranyl acetate has been the standard contrasting agent in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for decades.[80][81] However, ... neodymium usually only uses three electrons as valence electrons, as afterwards the remaining 4f electrons are strongly bound: ... Watson ML (1958b) Staining of tissue sections for electron microscopy with heavy metals. J Cell Biol 4:475-478 ...
Athene Donald
Her research has applied microscopy, and in particular environmental scanning electron microscopy to the study of both ... Donald, Athene (1977). Electron microscopy of grain boundary embrittled systems (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC ... She pioneered studies of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers via transmission electron microscopy, revealing the ubiquity ... followed by a PhD in 1977 for research on electron microscopy of grain boundary embrittled systems.[14] ...
Microtome
Glass knives are used to slice sections for light microscopy and to slice very thin sections for electron microscopy. ... teeth and tough plant matter for both light microscopy and for electron microscopy. Gem-quality diamond knives are also used ... and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM), and are sometimes also important for light-optical microscopy.[14] ... Electron Microscopy Technique: after embedding tissues in epoxy resin, a microtome equipped with a glass or gem grade diamond ...
Uranium
Uranyl acetate and uranyl formate are used as electron-dense "stains" in transmission electron microscopy, to increase the ... A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all ... A team led by Enrico Fermi in 1934 observed that bombarding uranium with neutrons produces the emission of beta rays (electrons ...
Grain boundary
However, this model could not explain the observed strength of grain boundaries and, after the invention of electron microscopy ...
Scintigraphy
... which uses the scintillations provoked by electron-positron annihilation phenomena. ...
Canine parvovirus
... or by electron microscopy. PCR has become available to diagnose CPV2, and can be used later in the disease when potentially ...
Camelpox
Therefore, the best way to diagnose Camelpox is via Transmission Electron Microscopy evaluation of skin samples from infected ...
Uranyl formate
It is occasionally used as a 0.5% or 1% aqueous negative stain in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) because it shows a ... Electron microscopy stains, Uranyl compounds, Nuclear materials, Formates, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ... is a salt that exists as a fine yellow free-flowing powder occasionally used in transmission electron microscopy. ... Electron microscope 2SPI.com Archived 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine, compound information, retrieved May 3, 2011. v t e ( ...
Cervical cancer
A description of human papillomavirus (HPV) by electron microscopy was given in 1949, and HPV-DNA was identified in 1963. It ...
Norovirus
The virus particles demonstrate an amorphous surface structure when visualized using electron microscopy. Noroviruses contain a ... electron microscopy on stored human stool samples identified a virus, which was given the name "Norwalk virus". Numerous ...
Polish plait
... brief review and role of scanning electron microscopy in diagnosis". Ultrastructural Pathology. 25 (2): 99-103. doi:10.1080/ ...
Gross processing
... or electron microscopy. Two major types of sections in gross processing are perpendicular and en face sections: Perpendicular ...
Nigel Unwin
Unwin N (2015), "Experiments in electron microscopy: from metals to nerves" Physica Scripta 90:048002 Zuber B, Unwin N (2013 ... "Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy" Nature 257:28-32 Unwin P N T, Henderson R (1975), " ... "Three-dimensional model of membrane-bound ribosomes obtained by electron microscopy" Nature 269:118-122 Henderson R, Unwin P N ... "Phase contrast and interference microscopy with the electron microscope" Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B261:95-104 Unwin was ...
SGCA
... triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy". Microscopy Research and Technique. 55 (3): 154-63. doi:10.1002/jemt.1166. PMID ...
Metabolism
... electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. These techniques have allowed the discovery and detailed analysis of ... This proton motive force then drives ATP synthesis The electrons needed to drive this electron transport chain come from light- ... The electrons then flow through photosystem I and can then be used to reduce the coenzyme NADP+. This coenzyme can enter the ... The electrons then flow to the cytochrome b6f complex, which uses their energy to pump protons across the thylakoid membrane in ...
Lennart Nilsson
When he was around fifteen, he saw a documentary about Louis Pasteur that made him interested in microscopy. Within a few years ... In 1969 he began using a scanning electron microscope on a Life assignment to depict the body's functions. He is generally ...
Bacillus virus phi29
employed cryo-electron microscopy to determine that, in vivo, only a pentamer or smaller polymer could spatially fit in the ... but these studies had a solely genetic basis rather than a microscopy based approach. In the year 2000, a study by Simpson et ...
Frank Hawthorne
... electron microprobe and a micro-SIMS for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, and formed a consortium with other local scientists ... for him and his students to have access to Magic-angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray ... operating the electron microprobe and lecturing for other faculty members when they went on sabbatical leave. After seven years ... Luciano Ungaretti and Giuseppe Rossi in Pavia using large-scale crystal-structure refinement and electron-microprobe analysis ...
CDC - Diagnosis: Electron Microscopy - Rabies
Electron microscopy can be used to observe the rabies virus in detail. Photos show examples of Rhabdovirus. ... The ultrastructure of viruses can be examined by electron microscopy. Using this method, the structural components of viruses ... Negatively stained Rhabdovirus as seen through an electron microscope. Notice the bullet shape of the virus (A). See the "bee ... When viewed with an electron microscope Rhabdoviruses are seen as bullet-shaped particles. ...
Electron Microscopy Center - Wikipedia
Electron Microscopy | Latest News, Photos & Videos | WIRED
Cement Clinker Characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Ocasys: Toon vak Electron Microscopy of Biological Macromolecules
Electron Microscopy of Biological Macromolecules. Leerdoelen. At the end of the course, the student is able to:. 1. Describe ... Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have revolutionize the field entirely making it often the method of ... This 3-week course is an introduction to electron microscopy (EM), ranging from a general theoretical and practical ... students will conduct image processing of a single particle cryo-electron microscopy data set to determine a high-resolution ...
Electron Microscopy
... Dr. Thomas Heimerl. Cell Biology & Electron Microscopy, AG Prof. Uwe-G. Maier. Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, ... Sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM),. 3-D reconstruction via electron tomography,. Post-processing of ... The core facility for Electron Microscopy is integrated as part of the Laboratory for Cell Biology of Prof. Dr. Uwe-G. Maier. ... best fitting method for the specific research interest and finally investigate the samples in a 200 kV Transmission Electron ...
Visualizing non-equilibrium lithiation of spinel oxide via in situ transmission electron microscopy | Nature Communications
... bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy approach. This method allows direct, real-time, high-resolution ... Here, the authors use in situelectron microscopy to identify kinetically-driven phase evolution in magnetite single ... Figure 2: Phase evolution probed by in situ electron diffraction.. (a) Electron diffraction intensity profile (the colour map ... Visualizing non-equilibrium lithiation of spinel oxide via in situ transmission electron microscopy. *Kai He ORCID: orcid.org/ ...
Free electron microscopy | DIYbio
ASPEX is a company that builds tabletop Scanning Electron Microscopes (tabletop SEMs). To promote their product, they are ... ASPEX is a company that builds tabletop Scanning Electron Microscopes (tabletop SEMs). To promote their product, they are ... The SEM can also use x-ray fluorescence (a byproduct of electron bombardment) from the samples for elemental composition ... sometime this spring they are going to drop off a demo unit for a couple of weeks and we are going to have a scanning electron ...
Electron Microscopy Sciences | EMS
EMS is committed to providing the highest quality microscopy products. Browse by application, product type, and more! ... Electron Microscopy Sciences also offers a comprehensive range of lab supplies and equipment for all fields of microscopy, ... Workshops, One-on-One Training, and Equipment Demos - ranging from a general introduction to the field of electron microscopy ... Citifluor, A Division of Electron Microscopy Sciences, has developed a range of antifadent mounting media which greatly reduce ...
Cryo-electron microscopy advances by Thermo Fisher Scientific drives structural biology research
... has extended its leadership in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) with the introduction of two new instruments: the Thermo ... Scientific Krios G3i and the Thermo Scientific Glacios cryo-transmission electron microscopes (cryo-TEMs). ... Tags: Automation, Drug Discovery, Drugs, Electron, Electron Microscopy, G-Protein, Imaging, Microscopy, Particle Analysis, ... Cryo-electron microscopy advances by Thermo Fisher Scientific drives structural biology research. *Download PDF Copy ...
Electron Microscopy | Department of Chemistry
Electron Microscopy Booking Information QReserve Booking Website How To Book. The department houses both a transmission (TEM) ... and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Using electrons with much smaller wavelengths than visible light, electron microscopes ... Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In SEM a beam of electrons (~1-30 kV in energy) is scanned across the surface of the sample ... in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode for very high-resolution work. The addition of an energy dispersive X- ...
Electron Microscopy - Catalog - Forsyth Tech
Electron Microscopy. Course. Course Title. Class. Lab/ Shop. Clinical/ Co-op. Credit. ... This course provides experience characterizing and mapping the surfaces of materials on the nanoscopic scale with electron ... Topics include qualitative and quantitative mapping of surface properties with scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and ... transmission electron microscopes (TEM). Upon completion, students should be able to complete independent laboratory projects ...
Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy (GRS) - Gordon Research Conferences
INSIGHTS on Microscopy & Imaging: Electron Microscopy | Lab Manager
The most common by far are transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ... Electron microscopy (EM) is a whole different animal. EM uses electrons rather than visible light to illuminate samples. ... Transmission Electron Microscope HT7700 / Hitachi / www.hitachi-hta.com Drawbacks of optical microscopy include short depth of ... As the original form of EM, TEM is analogous to optical microscopy. It uses an electron beam to convey an entire image, or part ...
Three Dimensional Electron Microscopy/Particle Picking - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Three Dimensional Electron Microscopy/Particle Picking. From Wikibooks, open books for an open world ... w:Particle picking takes the image obtained from the electron microscopy and its goal it to obtain individual particles from ... "DoG Picker and TiltPicker: Software Tools to Facilitate Particle Selection in Single Particle Electron Microscopy." Journal of ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Three_Dimensional_Electron_Microscopy/Particle_Picking&oldid=3818885 ...
PDF) Review Article TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY-AN OVERVIEW
... electron microscope has been a valuable tool in the development of scientific theory and it contributed greatly to biology ... Keyword: Electron microscope (EM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 3D electron diffraction tomography technique etc. ... Electron microscope, Transmission electron microscopy, 3D electron diffraction to-mography technique etc. ... Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and its facility for electron diffraction has long been a key technique in materials ...
Electron microscopy | Ústav přístrojové techniky
The Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (LEM) has a great deal of experience in the development and use of instrumentation as ... well as in electron microscopy methodology; at present it offers several unique ... Electron microscopy is a globally used technique for the examination of matter with an extremely broad scope of applications in ... Electron microscopy. Electron microscopy is a globally used technique for the examination of matter with an extremely broad ...
Adaptive transmission electron microscopy: development of a programmable phase plate | ADAPTEM Project | Results | H2020 |...
METHODS IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF SOLIDS. - Nokia Bell Labs
Videos Directory - Transmission electron microscopy for materials science | Coursera
Correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy bioimaging: towards single protein labelling with ultrastructural context -...
Ever since the development of the first optical microscope, the reliance of scientists across disciplines on microscopy has ... In electron microscopy on the other hand, structures can be comprehensively visualized based on their distinct electron density ... Recent developments in optical super resolution microscopy enable high resolution correlative light and electron microscopy, ... Although electron microscopy is a powerful tool, it does not implicitly provide information on the location and activity of ...
2111.14373] Morphomics via Next-generation Electron Microscopy
talks.cam : Strain Measurement in Electronic Devices by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Electron Microscopy Group Seminars , Strain Measurement in Electronic Devices by Transmission Electron Microscopy ... Strain Measurement in Electronic Devices by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Add to your list(s) Download to your calendar ... Aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) ... To overcome this, we have developed a new technique called dark-field holography based on off-axis electron holography and dark ...
Personer med emneord «Electron microscopy»
- Det medisinske fakultet
Personer med emneord «Electron microscopy» Navn. Telefon. E-post. Emneord. Shreyas, Rao Head Engineer +47 22851448 [email protected] ...
An Integrated Micro- and Macroarchitectural Analysis of the Drosophila Brain by Computer-Assisted Serial Section Electron...
New Development in Electron Microscopy Grid Vitrification | Lab Manager
New Development in Electron Microscopy Grid Vitrification. CryoGenium addresses several common issues that are found in a ... Tags: cryo-EMelectron microscopyMaterials ScienceProduct Resource: Technology NewsTechnology News ... Linkam previewed its new cryo plunger-CryoGenium-an exciting new development in electron microscopy (EM) grid vitrification. ... correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), and cryo fluorescence provides very low photo-bleaching and high signal to ...
Resolving the Morphology of Peptoid Vesicles at the 1 nm Length Scale Using Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Journal Article) |...
Electron microscopy of the stacked disk aggregate of tobacco mosaic virus protein journal, August 1974 * Unwin, P. N. T.; Klug ... in hydrated and dry states were characterized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and cryogenic electron ... Cryo transmission electron microscopy of liposomes and related structures journal, November 2000 * Almgren, Mats; Edwards, ... Cryo-electron microscopy of artificial biological membranes journal, November 1985 * Lepault, Jean; Pattus, Franc; Martin, ...
AlbaNova | Computational Reconstruction in Cryo-Electron Microscopy
Characterization of interface structures in nanocrystalline germanium by means of high-resolution electron microscopy and...
... by vapor deposition and subsequent annealing of amorphous thin films of germanium was studied by high resolution electron ... microscopy (HREM). The HREM images revealed a strongly varied multiply twinned structure. In some regions of adjacent twins ... Article Characterization of interface structures in nanocrystalline germanium by means of high-resolution electron microscopy ... Characterization of interface structures in nanocrystalline germanium by means of high-resolution electron microscopy and ...
MicroscopeMicroscopesCharacterizationDiffractionBeam of electronsMicroanalysisSpecimensDetectorOptical microscopyMicroscopicSingle particleTomographyDevelopment of cryo-electron mStructuresTransmission electronCryogenicLaboratory2022FacilityElementalSpectroscopyHistologyCorrelativeDiagnostic electron microscopyInstrumentationField emissionCentreMagnificationFluorescence light microscopyImmunogoldLightMethods2017Analytical electronDiagnosisSTEMMolecularBiologicalStructuralGatanSituTechniquesPreparationDetectorsSecondary ElectronImagesHigh-energy electron beamSciencesStudy
Microscope68
- When viewed with an electron microscope Rhabdoviruses are seen as bullet-shaped particles. (cdc.gov)
- Negatively stained Rhabdovirus as seen through an electron microscope. (cdc.gov)
- The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important instrument for the study of portland cement clinker, cement, and concrete. (astm.org)
- The focus is on learning how to operate a transmission electron microscope, including EM sample preparation (2-weeks). (rug.nl)
- Therefore, it should be possible to find the best fitting method for the specific research interest and finally investigate the samples in a 200 kV Transmission Electron Microscope from JEOL (JEM-2100). (uni-marburg.de)
- Rendering of ASPEX's tabletop scanning electron microscope. (diybio.org)
- So sometime this spring they are going to drop off a demo unit for a couple of weeks and we are going to have a scanning electron microscope bonanza . (diybio.org)
- Since its invention, electron microscope has been a valuable tool in the development of scientific theory and it contributed greatly to biology, medicine and material sciences. (researchgate.net)
- Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) combined with precession 3D electron diffraction tomography technique has produced very promising results in the field of crystal structure determination and has the great advantage of requiring very small single crystals (from 25-500 nm) and very small quantity of material. (researchgate.net)
- The department houses both a transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). (queensu.ca)
- Using electrons with much smaller wavelengths than visible light, electron microscopes are capable of resolving smaller features than light microscopes, in the nanometer to angstrom ranges depending on the configuration of the electron microscope. (queensu.ca)
- Transmission Electron Microscope HT7700 / Hitachi / www.hitachi-hta.com Drawbacks of optical microscopy include short depth of focus and magnification limited to a few thousand times. (labmanager.com)
- Benchtop Scanning Electron Microscope NeoScope II / JEOL / www.jeolusa.com EM comes in at least five varieties, each with subclassifications. (labmanager.com)
- The ultimate spatial resolution is achievable by means of the cold field emission source of electrons available in the JEOL JSM 6700F scanning electron microscope with verified resolution of 1 nm at the electron energy of 15 keV. (isibrno.cz)
- This TLP serves as an introduction to the basic concepts and structure of the transmission electron microscope. (doitpoms.ac.uk)
- Ever since the development of the first optical microscope, the reliance of scientists across disciplines on microscopy has increased. (rsc.org)
- The development of the first electron microscope and with it the access to information at the nanoscale has prompted numerous disruptive discoveries. (rsc.org)
- In 1931, Ernst Ruska invented the transmission electron microscope (TEM). (chemistryviews.org)
- Instead of refraction of light beams as in a light microscope, electron beams are deflected. (chemistryviews.org)
- Recent advances in the four-dimensional ultrafast transmission electron microscope (4D-UTEM) with combined spatial and temporal resolutions have made it possible to directly visualize structural dynamics of materials at the atomic level. (nature.com)
- Crystal lattice plane spacings are a good test of electron microscope stability, and provide an internal reference standard for magnification calibration. (tedpella.com)
- But an electron microscope can resolve membranes, can resolve small things, and so we said, well, with the electron microscope you could trace the path quite. (webofstories.com)
- Now, the electron microscope is extremely powerful, but it has a very tiny window, you can only look at a small piece of it at a time. (webofstories.com)
- That meant for one to do this on a whole organism, we would have to get something that was very, very small in order to fit it into the window of the electron microscope. (webofstories.com)
- And that of course was the dominant condition saying we must go to micro-metazoa, because they were small and they did fit into the window of an electron microscope. (webofstories.com)
- The Thermo Scientific Phenom ParticleX Desktop SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) is a multi-purpose desktop SEM designed for multiple applications at the microscale: additive manufacturing, technical cleanliness, steel manufacturing QC, batteries and energy storage, and gunshot residue analysis. (thermofisher.com)
- It is a good time to be in the market for a scanning electron microscope (SEM): new products and new accessories are launched every year and there are many levels of performance to choose from. (thermofisher.com)
- The Thermo Scientific Phenom Pro(X) G6 Desktop SEM is a robust, versatile, and effortless desktop scanning electron microscope designed to expand the capabilities of research facilities. (thermofisher.com)
- Hence, researchers developed a new approach that interprets the raw data from the electron microscope automatically. (azorobotics.com)
- JEM-2200FS/CR transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan), equipped equipped with a K2 direct electron detector device (GATAN, UK), equipped with a 200-kV field emission gun (FEG) and an omega in-column energy filter. (cicbiogune.es)
- JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan), equipped with an UltraScan 4000 SP (4008×4008 pixels) cooled slow-scan CCD camera (GATAN, UK), and equipped with a 120-kV LaB6 thermionic gun. (cicbiogune.es)
- Gatan products, which are fully compatible with nearly all electron microscope models, cover the entire range of the research process-from specimen preparation and manipulation to imaging and analysis. (gatan.com)
- Limiting exposure to the electron beam is particularly important for biological samples that are primarily composed of a few relatively electron-sensitive elements and offer little intrinsic contrast in an electron microscope. (drugdiscoverytrends.com)
- To better understand the influence of microscale geochemical and microstructural relationships on the bulk petrophysical properties of unconventional shale systems, core samples from four producing North American formations were cross-sectioned with an argon ion polisher and imaged with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) using a variety of complementary detectors. (jeolusa.com)
- We report an approach - named chemTEM - to follow chemical transformations at the single-molecule level with the electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) applied as both a tuneable source of energy and a sub-Angstrom imaging probe. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- This 'revolution in resolution' is happening largely thanks to new developments of new-generation cameras used for recording the images in the cryo electron microscope which have much increased sensitivity being based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices. (inserm.fr)
- The Philips CM30 is a computer-controlled, intermediate voltage electron microscope. (cnl.ca)
- For cryo-EM the specimen, typically a purified protein sample, is embedded in vitreous ice on a cryo-EM grid, and is kept at cryogenic temperatures while images are recorded by the electron microscope. (case.edu)
- This paper presents an overview of the principles and procedures for the quantitative X-ray microanalysis of thin specimens using an analytical electron microscope (AEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). (elsevier.com)
- It is equipped with a high-quality 4K CCD camera, and in foreseeable future, we plan to upgrade the microscope with a direct electron detector. (uni-frankfurt.de)
- Pigments, for example, are comparably dense matter and show up remarkably differentiated under the electron microscope . (ocutox.com)
- Water was immediately removed by freeze-drying the specimen to prevent any further reaction so that the specimen could be returned to room temperature for examination in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). (syr.edu)
- This sample was thinned using a focused ion beam in order to image it in a transmission electron microscope which can resolve atoms. (uh.edu)
- This document is the standard operating procedure (SOP) for the FEI XL-30 scanning electron microscope at UHNF. (uh.edu)
- Elemental composition of the pigment grains in the layers is usually determined by scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), which has better spatial resolution than the laboratory micro-XRF. (alma-lab.cz)
- The electron microscope is able to achieve greater magnification and resolution because it uses a high voltage beam of electrons, whose wavelength is very much shorter than that of visible light. (brainkart.com)
- The resolving power of an electron microscope may be as low as 1-2 nm, enabling us to see viruses, for example, and the internal structure of cells. (brainkart.com)
- There are two principal types of electron microscope, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). (brainkart.com)
- The scanning electron microscope was developed in the 1960s and provides vivid, sometimes startling, three-dimensional images of surface structure. (brainkart.com)
- The JEOL JEM-1400 LaB6 120 kV transmission electron microscope is an easy-to-use, high contrast instrument with excellent imaging (TEM and STEM modes) and analytical (energy dispersive spectroscopy detector) capabilities. (bnl.gov)
- The E-TEM instrument (FEI Titan 80-300) is an 80 - 300 kV field-emission transmission electron microscope with an objective-lens aberration corrector at spatial resolution of 0.08 nm. (bnl.gov)
- The FEI Talos F200X is a high-resolution analytical scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) that is routinely operated at 200 keV. (bnl.gov)
- This microscope is equipped with an X-FEG electron source module that gives a source brightness four times that of a Schottky FEG emitter. (bnl.gov)
- It is a 120-200kV scanning transmission and transmission field-emission electron microscope (STEM/TEM) for high-resolution analytical structural characterization. (bnl.gov)
- The field emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM 7100 FT FE-SEM) at Microtrace provides a new level of resolution and intensity over a conventional SEM . (microtrace.com)
- Ultimately, this instrument provides the highest microanalysis resolution of any instrument in our laboratory, with the exception of the transmission electron microscope . (microtrace.com)
- I learnt that there are many process and techniques before we can view our sample in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), which broadened my understanding from the AS syllabus, as we just learned about the features of electron microscopes. (in2scienceuk.org)
- For the SEM we did a Serial BlockFace Scanning Electron Microscope SBF-SEM, which is when the block is cut in the microscope and each time a new cut is made the section that is shown is imaged by back scatter - however, there was a disadvantage with this technique of not being able to look at our previous section. (in2scienceuk.org)
- In the last part of this work, measurements of the electron beam quality (emittance, spot size, beam profile, electron yield) are conducted using a laser-driven needle emitter in a transmission electron microscope. (uni-goettingen.de)
- The platform offers electron microscopy measurements by using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), as well as support service with relevant sample preparations techniques such as ion milling. (cicenergigune.com)
- A key feature of this microscope is the low energy spread of the electron beam (0.7 [email protected] or less) which combined with the SuperTwin objective lens, with a Cs of 1.2 mm, allows the determination of the physical and chemical properties at atomic resolution. (cicenergigune.com)
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM) uses high energy electron beam to form high resolution images of objects in the nanoscale. (measurlabs.com)
- CRYO ARM ™ is an electron microscope for observing biomolecules such as proteins at cryo temperature. (jeolbenelux.com)
- The microscope equips a cold field-emission electron gun, an in-column Omega energy filter, a side-entry liquid nitrogen cooling stage, and an automated specimen exchange system. (jeolbenelux.com)
- JSM-IT200 is an easy-to-use scanning electron microscope focused on cost performance of high functionalities of JSM-IT500 (higher-end model) of InTouchScope ™ , with significantly higher throughput. (jeolbenelux.com)
- Due to sensitivity of biological materials to the electron beam of the microscope, only relatively low electron doses can be applied during imaging. (ox.ac.uk)
- He designed, implemented and manages the newly designed Electron and Advanced Light Microscope facility located within PaM in E208 and E209 in the Sulston Building. (sanger.ac.uk)
- Sections were cut on a LKB-III ultramicrotome, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined in a Joel X-100 electron microscope. (who.int)
Microscopes23
- Our microscopes are equipped to perform diffraction contrast, higher-resolution phase-contrast microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field microscopy, nanodiffraction, convergent beam electron diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. (nrel.gov)
- ASPEX is a company that builds tabletop Scanning Electron Microscopes ( tabletop SEMs ). (diybio.org)
- This wide spread use of electron microscopes is based on the fact that they permit the observation and characterization of materials on a nanometer (nm) to micrometer (µm) scale. (researchgate.net)
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, the world leader in serving science, has extended its leadership in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) with the introduction of two new instruments: the Thermo Scientific Krios G3i and the Thermo Scientific Glacios cryo-transmission electron microscopes (cryo-TEMs). (news-medical.net)
- This course provides experience characterizing and mapping the surfaces of materials on the nanoscopic scale with electron microscopes. (forsythtech.edu)
- Topics include qualitative and quantitative mapping of surface properties with scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). (forsythtech.edu)
- Methodology for the very low energy scanning electron microscopy has been developed at ISI and the corresponding attachments are installed on several microscopes in LEM. (isibrno.cz)
- Graphitized Carbon Black is a stable and highly reproducible standard and is considered to be a standard resolution test for transmission electron microscopes. (tedpella.com)
- Since the introduction of electron microscopes in the 1930s, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has developed into a critical tool within numerous different research fields, spanning everything from materials science to forensics to industrial manufacturing. (thermofisher.com)
- Scanning electron microscopes in forensic and crime laboratories play many roles, including gunshot residue analysis (GSR) used to determine the chemistry of particles collected from firearm suspects. (thermofisher.com)
- Our platform offers research institutes and companies access to two cryo-transmission electron microscopes and sample preparation instrumentation, and allows users to check their crystallization experiments on-line. (cicbiogune.es)
- Gatan, Inc. is the world's leading manufacturer of instrumentation and software used to enhance and extend the operation and performance of electron microscopes. (gatan.com)
- FEI Company's Falcon Direct Electron Detector for its Titan and Tecnai transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) enables the acquisition of low-noise images of delicate biological samples and other beam-sensitive materials that require low electron dose interactions to prevent radiation damage of the material. (drugdiscoverytrends.com)
- CWRU cryo-EM facility houses state-of-the-art electron microscopes in a newly renovated space (Titan Krios G3i+GIF+K3 camera, FEI Tecnai F20+Tvips F416&DE20 camera, FEI Tecnai T12+Gatan895 camera). (case.edu)
- At its three transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), the FCEM currently supports or provides service in both the areas of classical room temperature electron microscopy/tomography (EM/ET) and high resolution cryo-EM/ET. (uni-frankfurt.de)
- Electron microscopes, which were first developed in the 1930s and 1940s, use ring-shaped electromagnets as 'lenses' to focus the beam of electrons onto the specimen. (brainkart.com)
- Because the electrons would collide with, and be deflected by, molecules in the air, electron microscopes require a pump to maintain a vacuum in the column of the instru-ment. (brainkart.com)
- Electron Microscopes can have magnifications of 500000. (josephtartakovsky.com)
- In order to further advance ultrafast electron microscopes, an improvement of the electron gun is necessary with respect to spatial and temporal beam properties as well as the electron yield. (uni-goettingen.de)
- Among the different detectors installed in the microscopes for morphological analysis of samples, the presence of the backscattered electron detector giving images with atomic contrast allows to have access to the elemental composition of the samples. (cicenergigune.com)
- Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) analyses are performed at the ALS laboratory in Danderyd, Sweden. (alsglobal.se)
- JEOL (Europe) BV offers sales, service, support and applications training for a wide range of JEOL of scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscopes (TEM), NMR spectrometers, ESR spectrometers, mass spectrometers, amino acid analyzers and semiconductor process equipment. (jeolbenelux.com)
- Our flagship facility provides access to a comprehensive suite of light microscopes, electron microscopes (EM), image processing and analysis software, plus decades of experience from our team of specialists. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Characterization12
- The EMC works to solve materials problems using their unique capabilities for electron beam characterization. (wikipedia.org)
- Our Quanta 250 environmental SEM is equipped with detectors for both secondary and backscattered electrons at a range of vacuum pressures, with an EDAX Element EDS detector for elemental X-ray characterization of samples. (queensu.ca)
- This course will educate on the use of complementary materials characterization techniques through understanding the advantages and limitations of commonly used analytical electron microscopy characterization tools. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Students will be acquainted with the principles, instrumentation and operation of scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) for the characterization of inorganic materials. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Characterization of interface structures in nanocrystalline germanium by means of high-resolution electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations" Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials , vol. 211, no. 3, 1996, pp. 147-152. (degruyter.com)
- Here, we investigated the morphology and electronic structure of gold-intercalated epitaxial graphene using a multitechnique approach combining spectroscopic photoemission low-energy electron microscopy (SPELEEM) for chemical and structural characterization at mesoscopic length scale and with transmission electron microscopy (STEM) at the atomic level. (intechopen.com)
- Moreover, we show how such preparation affords a wider choice of imaging options for both chemical and structural characterization, such as backscatter electron observation at varying beam potentials coupled with x-ray and cathodoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. (jeolusa.com)
- Equivalent particle sizes determined by the VSSA, X-ray diffraction (XRD) (another method giving access to an equivalent particle size and integrated into our characterization methodology) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (reference method) were compared. (univ-lorraine.fr)
- Transmission electron microscopy was used for the characterization of GaN epitaxial layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on two different substrates: sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ) and 6H-SiC. (elsevier.com)
- Advanced characterization by electron microscopy of nanostructured materials and heterostructures based on strongly correlated systems. (nffa.eu)
- Proven experience in characterization of physical-chemical properties of materials, as well as good knowledge of typical materials science research topics usually addressed with electron microscopy and complementarity of the latter with other experimental techniques. (nffa.eu)
- The Electron Microscopy Platform is the center for the microstructural characterization of the materials developed at CIC energiGUNE. (cicenergigune.com)
Diffraction10
- The magnified signal may be observed by electron diffraction, amplitude-contrast imaging such as diffraction contrast, or phase-contrast imaging such as high resolution TEM. (nrel.gov)
- Transmission electron diffraction patterns help to determine the crystallographic structure of a material. (nrel.gov)
- This instrument is also equipped with a GIF that enables electron energy loss spectroscopy and elemental mapping for a wide range of elements and energy-filtered electron diffraction and imaging, and an EDS system for compositional analysis and elemental mapping with high spatial resolution. (nrel.gov)
- Electron diffraction is used to determine the crystallographic structure of materials on a fine scale. (nrel.gov)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction, due to their fine spatial resolution, have played a very important role in the microstructural investigations of advanced materials. (nature.com)
- This course will cover the basic principles and techniques of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy along with demonstrations of the instrument details and imaging experiments through videos. (freevideolectures.com)
- A group of advanced participants focused on the analysis of the type of crystal lattice defects by diffraction contrast methods using nanometric electron beam in scanning mode. (ipm.cz)
- Ultimate spatial resolution and electron diffraction analysis combined with the simultaneous acquisition of spectroscopic data are used to guide the synthesis of new materials as well as to monitor structural developments induced under electrochemical reactions ex-situ. (cicenergigune.com)
- TEM is used in electron diffraction to determine the crystal structure of solid samples. (measurlabs.com)
- The high accuracy is achieved by using electron diffraction methods. (measurlabs.com)
Beam of electrons5
- In SEM a beam of electrons (~1-30 kV in energy) is scanned across the surface of the sample and information collected at each point (pixel) of the sample. (queensu.ca)
- The sample is illuminated with a parallel beam of electrons under normal incidence and the reflected electrons are projected onto a pixelated detector, where an image is formed. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- This is achieved by focusing a beam of electrons into a tiny spot and scanning the beam across a sample. (uh.edu)
- A fine beam of electrons probes back and forth across the surface of the specimen and causes secondary electrons to be given off. (brainkart.com)
- We needed to use thin slices to ensure the beam of electrons can pass through the sample. (in2scienceuk.org)
Microanalysis3
- Thermo Fisher Scientific supplies innovative solutions for electron microscopy and microanalysis. (thermofisher.com)
- Theory, operation, and application of scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and X-ray microanalysis will be presented. (uiowa.edu)
- Frozen samples can thus be analysed as solids using Secondary Electron Imaging, Backscattered Electron Imaging or X-ray Microanalysis. (huttonltd.com)
Specimens8
- Citifluor, A Division of Electron Microscopy Sciences, has developed a range of antifadent mounting media which greatly reduce the fading of the fluorescence of fluorochromes or fluorescent dyes used for labelling biological specimens. (emsdiasum.com)
- since there exists no comprehensive previous work containing detailed procedures for preparing biological specimens for electron cytochemistry, this series provides detailed descriptions of methodology employed to localize enzymatic activity at the subcellular level. (kuenzigbooks.com)
- Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) is an approach that allows the observation of hydrated biological specimens in their native environment at cryogenic temperatures in TEM. (case.edu)
- It will be evident from the foregoing description of sample preparation and use of a vacuum that electron microscopy cannot be used to study living specimens. (brainkart.com)
- During Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations, a focussed electron beam scans the surface of specimens. (labnano.pl)
- Conclusive diagnosis of these viruses requires electron microscopic examination of stool specimens, a laboratory technique that is available only at a few large centers, including CDC. (cdc.gov)
- In 1972, in the examination of stool specimens, electron microscopy identified the Norwalk agent, the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks among adults. (cdc.gov)
- Liver specimens from each group were fixed for electron microscopy 1 hour in 2% glutaraldehyde with 0.1M cacodylate phosphate (pH 7.6) and were postfixed 15 minutes in 1M OsO 4 . (who.int)
Detector5
- FEI 200 kV field emitting gun F20 UT ultra-high resolution STEM fitted with a high-angle angular dark field STEM detector for high-resolution (~0.14 nm) STEM Z-contrast microscopy. (nrel.gov)
- The Falcon is a direct electron detector with improved quantum efficiency, capturing more information from a given electron dose, and accelerating the rate at which the signal-to-noise ratio improves over the exposure period. (drugdiscoverytrends.com)
- The unique design of the Falcon detector overcomes the excessive electron beam deterioration that was previously the primary technical challenge in developing a practical direct electron detector. (drugdiscoverytrends.com)
- The FEI Krios TEM which is equipped with an imaging filter and an electron direct detector is currently mainly dedicated to cryo ET data acquisition and allows state-of-the-art cryo TEM for structural biology projects. (uni-frankfurt.de)
- The instrument is equipped with an energy filtered secondary electron detector, a short working distance backscatter electron detector which enables working at low voltages, and a through the lens detectors, which can be used individually or in concert to provide numerous types of image contrast. (microtrace.com)
Optical microscopy6
- As the original form of EM, TEM is analogous to optical microscopy. (labmanager.com)
- And like optical microscopy, TEM acquires images through conventional digital photography but at pixel densities and gray-scale bandwidths approaching that of direct record film. (labmanager.com)
- As well as maintaining the integrity of the sample vitrified by liquid nitrogen cooling, the Linkam CMS196V stage enables contamination-free sample handling and transfer for optical microscopy imaging. (labmanager.com)
- The inherent advantages of scientific charge-coupled device ( CCD ) sensors for digital imaging in optical microscopy have made them ubiquitous in a wide variety of applications. (fsu.edu)
- EAG uses SEM analysis in cases where optical microscopy cannot provide sufficient image resolution or high enough magnification. (eag.com)
- Basic principle of transmission electron microscopy is similar to ordinary optical microscopy. (measurlabs.com)
Microscopic7
- Electron microscopic diagnosis is uniquely suited for rapid microscopy fully, it should be quality controlled, applied as a identification of infectious agents. (cdc.gov)
- Our algorithm is applied to the challenging domain of electron microscopic sections supposedly $45\text{ nm}$ apart, and we show that these images with high certainty belong to the required statistical class, and that the reconstructions are valid. (ku.dk)
- Unique Scanning Electron Microscopic Features of Hairy Cells in Hairy-Cell Leukemia. (usu.edu)
- We used an electron microscopic immunocytochemical approach to compare the distribution of DAT protein in the dorsolateral striatum and the deep layers of the prelimbic PFC. (jneurosci.org)
- In microscopy in chinese men in a method can be exposed areas from electron microscopic protocol. (josephtartakovsky.com)
- Electron microscopic lung fiber burden analysis revealed over 8,000,000 asbestos fibers per gram dry lung, 68% of which were tremolite asbestos. (cdc.gov)
- Comparative scanning electron microscopic studies of tegument in various strains of Schistosoma japonicum / by Tunyarut Koonchornboon. (who.int)
Single particle8
- In the last week, students will conduct image processing of a single particle cryo-electron microscopy data set to determine a high-resolution protein structure (1 week). (rug.nl)
- DoG Picker and TiltPicker: Software Tools to Facilitate Particle Selection in Single Particle Electron Microscopy. (wikibooks.org)
- EMBL Heidelberg hosts a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) service platform, available for use by external scientists with both single particle and tomography projects. (embl.org)
- The Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Platform at EMBL Heidelberg is now offering remote service to all interested users, including the COVID-19-related projects (single-particle analysis and cryo-electron tomography). (embl.org)
- One of these methods is Single Particle Analysis and another method is Cryo-Electron Tomography (cryo-ET). (cicbiogune.es)
- For many years the lack of sub 3 Å (angstrom) high-resolution structures solved by single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) created speculation that 3 Å might be the fundamental resolution limit of the technique. (gatan.com)
- The research article 2.8 Å resolution reconstruction of the Thermoplasma acidophilum 20 S proteasome using cryo electron microscopy , eLife 2015;10.7554/eLife.06380, demonstrates that with the help of the K2 Summit camera, single-particle cryo-EM can compete with x-ray crystallography to determine protein structures for rational drug design at 2.8 Å resolution. (gatan.com)
- Cryo-EM broadly encompasses three different approaches: electron crystallography, single-particle cryo-EM, and electron cryo tomography. (case.edu)
Tomography4
- In paper A we propose a fast non-linear reconstruction method for joint phase-retrieval and image reconstruction in cryo electron tomography. (kth.se)
- Cryo-CLEM is a rapidly emerging technique that combines the advantages of fluorescence light microscopy (FLM) with three dimensional (3D) cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to reveal the ultrastructure of target molecules with specific cellular functions. (labmanager.com)
- Cryo-Electron Tomography. (cicbiogune.es)
- We are thrilled to invite you to the first webinar dedicated to integrated cryo fluorescence light microscopy (cryo-FLM) and how it can improve the cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) workflow. (delmic.com)
Development of cryo-electron m2
- This year's prize went to the development of cryo-electron microscopy, a technique that allows the structures of biomolecules to be revealed where other techniques fail. (compoundchem.com)
- stockholm - The Nobel Prize for Chemistry has gone to three scientists for the development of cryo electron microscopy. (hotrecentnews.com)
Structures13
- In fact, 98 percent of all structures contributed to the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB) with 4 Ångström or better resolution were determined using Thermo Fisher cryo-TEMs. (news-medical.net)
- When attempting to observe these ultra-structures, the use of electron microscopy (EM) has become indispensable. (arxiv.org)
- In electron microscopy on the other hand, structures can be comprehensively visualized based on their distinct electron density and geometry. (rsc.org)
- Labelling of specific structures directly for electron microscopy using small gold nanoparticles ( i.e. immunogold) has been used extensively. (rsc.org)
- But, cryo-electron microscopy offers only three-dimensional structures, and it cannot identify proteins to categorize their identity. (azorobotics.com)
- The vulnerability of biological structures to damage by high energy beam electrons precludes the use of extended exposures that could otherwise be used to improve signal-to-noise. (drugdiscoverytrends.com)
- It offers access to world-leading scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) instrumentation and expertise for the direct imaging of atomic structures and the determination of chemical composition, bonding and vibrational properties, with a focus on single-atom precision and sensitivity. (ukri.org)
- In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a high-energy electron beam is used to examine the structures of molecules, down to the level of atomic details. (case.edu)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can reveal the ultra structural details at cellular levels, whereas Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can A show the morphology of minute structures/organisms in three-dimensional state. (org.in)
- The py4DSTEM project, a suite of tools for processing four dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) data, has continued the development of the EMD file format to add several new data structures, including utilities for reading and saving related collections of images, multidimensional data with labeled slices, lists of electron counts, and other rich lists of positions and quantities. (emdatasets.com)
- University of Cape Town (UCT) researchers have used cryo-electron microscopy to identify the first complete structures of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (cryo-EM). (azolifesciences.com)
- Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is a high-resolution biological imaging method, whereby biological samples, such as purified proteins, macromolecular complexes, viral particles, organelles and cells, are embedded in vitreous ice preserving their native structures. (ox.ac.uk)
- Difficulties in Differentiating Coronaviruses from Subcellular Structures in Human Tissues by Electron Microscopy. (cdc.gov)
Transmission electron27
- NREL investigates the structure and chemistry of materials with particular emphasis on defects and interfaces using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). (nrel.gov)
- The following table is a condensed listing of equipment, techniques, applications, and properties of instrumentation for Transmission/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. (nrel.gov)
- Here we explore the lithiation of nanosized magnetite by employing a strain-sensitive, bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy approach. (nature.com)
- C-flat™ is the premier holey carbon grid for cryo-transmission electron microscopy. (emsdiasum.com)
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) has long been used in materials science as a powerful analytical tool. (researchgate.net)
- In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a thin sample, less than 200 nm thick, is bombarded by a highly focused beam of single-energy electrons. (researchgate.net)
- The most common by far are transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (labmanager.com)
- Transmission electron microscopy is a very important tool in materials science for investigating the fine-scale structure of materials. (doitpoms.ac.uk)
- Since this objective lens can also be applied to other existing TEM/STEM imaging and analytical techniques, the researchers think that their achievement should have considerable far-reaching effects across the entire field of transmission electron microscopy. (chemistryviews.org)
- Aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) provides sufficient signal/noise to measure the displacement fields accurately. (cam.ac.uk)
- Is the Subject Area "Transmission electron microscopy" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
- In the current work transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine potential time-dependent changes in D. magna midgut epithelium ultrastructure upon exposure to CuO NPs compared to bulk CuO at their 48 h EC(50) levels: 4.0 and 175 mg CuO/L, respectively. (unboundmedicine.com)
- For this purpose, we use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determinate the sub-nanometric structure of different types of samples, and high-throughput crystallization experiments and conventional in-house data collection. (cicbiogune.es)
- During this webinar Dr. Ai Leen Koh will speak about how in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) concerns the examination of dynamic events in a sample under a controlled, externally applied stimulation. (gatan.com)
- 4th Summer School of Transmission Electron Microscopy in IPM - Ústav fyziky materiálů AV ČR, v. v. i. (ipm.cz)
- Within the Program New materials based on metals ceramics and composites, prof. Antonín Dlouhý organized the fourth year of the Summer School of Transmission Electron Microscopy in IPN on 9 - 12 July 2019. (ipm.cz)
- The present work addresses the validation process of an in-house developed image analysis tool to extract fringe length, tortuosity, and separation from high resolution transmission electron microscopy images of carbonaceous materials. (elsevier.com)
- In order to validate the algorithm, we compare fringe properties that are extracted from high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images through (1) the in-house developed tool (new algorithm) and (2) a tool that has been validated and published (previous algorithm). (elsevier.com)
- Boehman, André L. / A comparison of soot nanostructure obtained using two high resolution transmission electron microscopy image analysis algorithms . (elsevier.com)
- AXON redefines the in situ experience by linking the transmission electron microscopy detectors and in situ systems together with a revolutionary new software platform. (protochips.com)
- CNL's Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) facility is located at the Chalk River Laboratories. (cnl.ca)
- This paper reports the microstructure of hot-pressed ZrB 2 -SiC ceramics with added B 4 C as characterized by transmission electron microscopy. (elsevier.com)
- The successful candidate will work at the experimental activities concerning characterisation by scanning and transmission electron microscopy of nanostructured materials, with particular reference to heterostructures based on strongly correlated materials. (nffa.eu)
- Proven experience in transmission electron microscopy and sample preparation techniques. (nffa.eu)
- Transmission electron dense probe and methods and electron microscopy in fact that hold the application. (josephtartakovsky.com)
- Seed coat development of Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil's Claw) and the possible role of the mature seed coat in seed dormancy were studied by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). (nwu.ac.za)
- Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin liver section from a hamster infected with yellow fever virus taken day 6 post-infection showing apoptotic hepatocytes ( arrows ) and accumulation of lipid droplets ( asterisks ) in the cytoplasm of viable hepatocytes. (ajtmh.org)
Cryogenic2
- A new approach for characterizing the vesicle membrane morphology based on low-dose cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is described. (osti.gov)
- In 2016, Dr. Ward's lab used a technique called cryogenic electron microscopy to capture the first high-resolution image of this virus' spike protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Laboratory5
- The core facility for Electron Microscopy is integrated as part of the Laboratory for Cell Biology of Prof. Dr. Uwe-G. Maier. (uni-marburg.de)
- Electron Microscopy Sciences also offers a comprehensive range of lab supplies and equipment for all fields of microscopy, histology and general laboratory research. (emsdiasum.com)
- The histology laboratory provides services for researchers and students to process their tissues and cells for histopathological examination.We offer paraffin, cryo, and electron microscopy techniques including processing, embedding, sectioning, staining and imaging. (umanitoba.ca)
- The Laboratory possess scanning electron microscopy for morphological characterisation, chemical composition analysis. (labnano.pl)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory EMSL Analytical, Inc. (electronmicroscopylaboratory.com)
20223
- Retrieved on December 03, 2022 from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20170809/Cryo-electron-microscopy-advances-by-Thermo-Fisher-Scientific-drives-structural-biology-research.aspx. (news-medical.net)
- In the article, "Automated Detection and Localization of Synaptic Vesicles in Electron Microscopy Images," by Barbara Imbrosci, Dietmar Schmitz, and Marta Orlando, which was published online on January 4, 2022 , the incorrect image was published for Extended Data Figure 3-2 because of a production error. (eneuro.org)
- This proposal requests funding for the provision of SuperSTEM, the EPSRC National Research Facility for Advanced Electron Microscopy (AdvEM), for 5 years from 14 March 2022, together with additional capital funding for a unique, next-generation instrument with capabilities tailored for the study of quantum materials and phenomena. (ukri.org)
Facility6
- To request histology services, electron microscopy or imaging facility services, please contact the histology lab for a consultation. (umanitoba.ca)
- The Electron Microscopy and Crystallography Platform is an open access facility at the CIC bio GUNE. (cicbiogune.es)
- The CFN XPEEM/LEEM facility at the Electron Spectro-Microscopy (ESM, 21-ID-2) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) has capabilities for full-field imaging at nanometer scale, as well as the micro-spot spectroscopy, including uXPS, uXAS and uARPES. (bnl.gov)
- The facility also assists users in microscopy-related experimental design protocol modification and the preparation of. (josephtartakovsky.com)
- Scientists have for the first time photographed an autoantibody coupled to a receptor on the surface of a nerve cell using the Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility at UT Southwestern. (azolifesciences.com)
- The SEM-FIB microscopy facility at IMPMC provides Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) expertise for all researchers (from academy to industry) needing versatile, high resolution, state-of-the art electron and ion microscopies to characterize their materials at the nanoscale. (respore.fr)
Elemental1
- Elemental profile that are being clarified or a more than one of bacteria, the definition of the number and techniques used essentially the protocols and electron microscopy methods in the university. (josephtartakovsky.com)
Spectroscopy1
- During this workshop, the fundamentals of STEM, basic and advanced STEM imaging (HAADF, ABF, iDPC, and 4D STEM) as well as acquisition and analysis of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data. (icmab.es)
Histology2
- The EMS web site offers the most up to date information on the microscopy and histology market: the product line has been expanded to include products for biological sciences, materials science and histology. (aurion.nl)
- On behalf of the Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy (TEMD), we are honored to announce that 24th National Congress of Electron Microscopy (EMK 2019) with International Participation will be held at the Balkan Congress Center, in April 24-26, 2019, Edirne, Turkey.The event will be organized by the host institution, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University. (kongreadresi.com)
Correlative5
- While correlative light and electron microscopy techniques have attempted to unify the two modalities, the resolution mismatch between the two data sets poses major challenges. (rsc.org)
- Recent developments in optical super resolution microscopy enable high resolution correlative light and electron microscopy, however, with considerable constraints due to sample preparation requirements. (rsc.org)
- Recently, the use of correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy (CCLEM) imaging based on luminescent inorganic nanocrystals has been proposed. (rsc.org)
- In this review, we discuss the opportunities of (volumetric) multi-color single protein labelling based on correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy, and its prospective impact on biomedical research in general. (rsc.org)
- We elaborate on the potential challenges of correlative cathodoluminescence electron microscopy-based bioimaging and benchmark CCLEM against alternative high-resolution correlative imaging techniques. (rsc.org)
Diagnostic electron microscopy3
- Diagnostic electron microscopy has two advantages over ance of vesicular lesions or respiratory illness in farm animals enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplifi- may be evidence of an emerging disease, a possible zoonosis, cation tests. (cdc.gov)
- Applications of diagnostic electron microscopy in clinically or outbreak-associated agents as diverse as Nipah virus (6) and epidemiologically critical situations as well as in bioterrorist gastroenteric agents (7) indicate that identification of an out- events are discussed. (cdc.gov)
- Diagnostic electron microscopy of tumours / Feroze N. Ghadially. (who.int)
Instrumentation1
- TTP Labtech Ltd, a global leader in the design and development of automated instrumentation and consumables for life science applications, has announced the introduction of chameleon, an industry-enabling sample-preparation system for cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). (technologynetworks.com)
Field emission2
- Through the technique of field emission, the filament is heated to a lower temperature, and it is placed within a strong "field," generating electrons within a much narrower energy range that are easier to focus, especially at lower accelerating voltage. (labmanager.com)
- The evolution of field emission has brought constant improvement to electron microscopy," comments Vern Robertson, SEM manager at JEOL (Peabody, MA). (labmanager.com)
Centre1
- The project is the brainchild of Dr Natasha Stephen , Lecturer in Advanced Analysis (Earth & Planetary Sciences) and Director of the Plymouth Electron Microscopy Centre at the University of Plymouth. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Magnification3
- The much smaller wavelength of the electron beams allows a magnification that is thousands of times higher. (chemistryviews.org)
- Scanning electron microscopy is a technique for imaging with up to 800,000X magnification. (uh.edu)
- Two operation regimes are identified offering high magnification or a large electron count rate. (uni-goettingen.de)
Fluorescence light microscopy1
- Our application specialist Marit Smeets will give an overview of all the steps that are involved in the current sample preparation method, specifically focusing on the cryo fluorescence light microscopy (cryo-FLM). (delmic.com)
Immunogold2
- Persistent measles virus infection of the intestine: confirmation by immunogold electron microscopy. (bmj.com)
- This study sought to investigate persistent measles virus infection of the intestine: a novel protocol for immunogold electron microscopy was developed using a polyclonal anti-measles nucleoprotein antibody on reprocessed, formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue sections. (bmj.com)
Light16
- A complete product catalog of the entire Diatome collection of Diamond knives, tools, and accessories for Electron and Light microscopy for Biological and Materials Science at room and cryo temperatures. (emsdiasum.com)
- Optical, or light, microscopy systems are the most familiar. (labmanager.com)
- EM uses electrons rather than visible light to illuminate samples. (labmanager.com)
- Because electron wavelengths can be as much as 10,000 times shorter than those of visible light, the resolving power of EM is significantly higher-up to about 10 million times. (labmanager.com)
- The electrons lose energy as they interact with the sample, resulting in the emission of lower-energy electrons, visible light, or X-rays. (labmanager.com)
- PMTs record not entire images but flashes of light generated by reflected or transmitted electrons. (labmanager.com)
- An innovative method of amplifying low-light-level signals above the CCD read noise is employed in electron multiplying CCD technology. (fsu.edu)
- Finally, I will describe some very recent work where we try to combine experimental and theoretical methods to study ensembles of molecular conformations, and how we would like to use these types of reconstruction methods for wider classes of experimental data, including e.g. neutron scattering and light microscopy. (albanova.se)
- Antibody binding was detected using both immunoperoxidase and light microscopy on tissue sections, and 10 nm gold conjugated secondary antibody and electron microscopy on ultrathin sections. (bmj.com)
- Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the recovered parasite belongs to Postorchigenes sp. (entomoljournal.com)
- By light microscopy, avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunostaining for DAT was visualized in fibers that were densely distributed within the dorsolateral striatum and the superficial layers of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. (jneurosci.org)
- Light and electron microscopy the respirable or near respirable dusts which are. (josephtartakovsky.com)
- Instead of light TEM uses a transmitted electron beam that penetrates the sample. (measurlabs.com)
- Because the electrons have smaller wavelength than light, the formed image has a lot higher resolution compared to traditional light microscopy. (measurlabs.com)
- David's role is to provide imaging support for Pathogens and Microbes and access for all campus staff to electron and advanced light microscopy platforms and services. (sanger.ac.uk)
- The observed twisting occurs because the CMB light rays experience gravitational lensing as they encounter lumps of matter en route through the Universe to us. (aps.org)
Methods7
- This entails single crystal structure determination, transmission and scanning electron microscopy together with a wide range of methods for sample preparation. (mpg.de)
- After gradually moving away from preparation methods prone to artefacts such as plastic embedding and negative staining for cell sections and single particles, the field of cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is now heading off at unprecedented speed towards high-resolution analysis of biological objects of various sizes. (inserm.fr)
- The series is designed to "provide a complete understanding of electron cytochemical methods. (kuenzigbooks.com)
- Electron Microscopy Methods and Protocols 3rd Ed John Kuo Ed Humana Press Totowa NJ 2014799 pages ISBN 97-1627037754 Volume 20 Issue. (josephtartakovsky.com)
- Crefollowing inflammation on electron microscopy methods and protocols. (josephtartakovsky.com)
- Environmental tem and electron microscopy methods shown us? (josephtartakovsky.com)
- This course is designed to train participants in the application of various microscopy methods for their own research needs. (uiowa.edu)
20172
- Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have revolutionize the field entirely making it often the method of choice for high resolution structure determination of proteins, which was acknowledged by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2017. (rug.nl)
- Below are recordings of the LMB's 2017 Cryo-microscopy course. (cam.ac.uk)
Analytical electron1
- Learners will gain an understanding of the importance of various analytical electron microscopy tools individually and complementary to each other in designing and solving real-world industrial problems. (ntu.edu.sg)
Diagnosis2
- While recent studies suggest that health- the undirected, "open view" of electron microscopy allows rapid care systems are ill prepared to treat victims and contain the morphologic identification and differential diagnosis of different spread of an infectious agent (5), the performance of physi- agents contained in the specimen. (cdc.gov)
- Rapid viral diagnosis of Orthopoxviruses by electron microscopy: optional or a must? (josephtartakovsky.com)
STEM1
- With STEM , a highly-focused electron probe is raster-scanned across the material, and various types of scattering are collected as a function of position. (nrel.gov)
Molecular1
- This in turn is making it possible to repeat the reconstructions iteratively, which enables us to handle large biomolecular complexes (for instance ribosomes) as multiple semi-independent bodies, and extract the inherent molecular flexibility and motions from the cryo-electron micrographs. (albanova.se)
Biological2
Structural1
- Ultrafast electron microscopy is an emerging field of research offering the potential to investigate structural processes on a femtosecond time-scale with nanometer resolution. (uni-goettingen.de)
Gatan1
- Electron energy losses can be detected using a Gatan image filter (GIF) to map the compositional and electronic properties of materials. (nrel.gov)
Situ1
- Electron microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions of 10-8 Pa enables one to study atomically clean surfaces that can be cleaned in-situ with ion beam bombardment. (isibrno.cz)
Techniques6
- Workshops, One-on-One Training, and Equipment Demos - ranging from a general introduction to the field of electron microscopy to very specific techniques. (emsdiasum.com)
- Automatic particle selection from electron micrograph using machine learning techniques. (wikibooks.org)
- see Figure 1), spinning disk confocal in live-cell imaging, flux determinations of calcium or other ions, and time-resolved three-dimensional microscopy (4-D techniques), the electron multiplying CCD offers significant advantages over other sensors designed for low signal levels. (fsu.edu)
- Understand more about electron microscopy and how various techniques could help your research. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy is an international journal of Scanning Electron Microscopy, Related Techniques, and Applications. (usu.edu)
- David has expertise and experience in development and design of ultrastructural preservation techniques for electron microscopy, including fine structure immunocytochemistry, and also 3D confocal imaging of in vitro infection models using intestinal organoids. (sanger.ac.uk)
Preparation3
- The sample preparation for electron microscopy is of utmost importance. (mpg.de)
- Excellent sample preparation is the prerequisite for first-class electron microscopy. (leica-microsystems.com)
- Electron Microscopy Sciences is specialized in the manufacturing, preparation, and distribution of only the highest quality chemicals, supplies, and equipment, for microscopy, and all of its related fields. (aurion.nl)
Detectors3
- Thermo Fisher Quanta 250 eSEM with Everhart-Thornley, Concentric Backscattered Electron, Large Field, and Gaseous Secondary Electron detectors for variable pressure measurement of both secondary and backscattered electrons. (queensu.ca)
- HAADF and on-axis BF/DF2/4 solid state detectors for annular collection of scattered electrons in scanning mode. (queensu.ca)
- Robertson explains that the improvement in resolution did not result from any single development but by incremental enhancements to electron guns, lenses, detectors, X-ray spectrometers, and other components. (labmanager.com)
Secondary Electron1
- Secondary electron and BSE-TOPO SEM images show that coccolith calcite preservation is moderate or moderate to poor. (uea.ac.uk)
Images7
- The transmitted electrons at high scattering angle can be collected to form high-resolution, chemically sensitive, atomic number (Z-) contrast images. (nrel.gov)
- However, the resulting two-dimensional images are exceptionally noisy since the electron dose must be kept low to avoid damage, and averaging data over many images poses other problems, in particular due to motions in molecules. (albanova.se)
- For proteins, the microscopy enables highly elaborate images of the structure to be created at the level of single-atom. (azorobotics.com)
- The super-resolution K2 Summit camera uses electron counting to record the highest resolution images with the lowest noise. (gatan.com)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provides high-resolution and high-depth-of-field images of the sample surface and near-surface. (eag.com)
- To date, most electron microscopy data is stored in either raw data formats (binary, bitmap images, tiff, etc.) or proprietary formats developed by vendors (dm3, emispec, etc. (emdatasets.com)
- images are built up from low energy secondary electrons which reflect the topography of the sample. (huttonltd.com)
High-energy electron beam1
- Some materials do not last the high energy electron beam. (measurlabs.com)
Sciences4
- Made in Switzerland exclusively for Electron Microscopy Sciences, these tweezers are hand-selected by our experts for your specific requirements. (emsdiasum.com)
- Electron microscopy is a globally used technique for the examination of matter with an extremely broad scope of applications in life, materials and even social sciences. (isibrno.cz)
- Among the sources of vibration, the low frequency vibration is not perceptible during daily activities, and can adversely affect high-performance metrology tools in the fields of semiconductors, display manufacturing, electron microscopy, photonics and life sciences. (elementpi.com)
- 24th National Congress of Electron Microscopy, as abiannual event, provides synergy for close cooperation, exchange of information and collaborations and brings together all microscopical studies both in life and material sciences. (kongreadresi.com)
Study5
- Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) enables the study of samples of living substances and materials under elevated pressure of surrounding gas up to 3000 Pa. (isibrno.cz)
- These results demonstrate that our UTEM can be used for the study of nanoscale energy transport, electron-phonon coupling and lattice relaxation in picosecond timescales. (nature.com)
- Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) is a microscopy technique typically used to study surface processes. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- This study investigates the use of Scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) as a diagnostic tool for the determination of the osseous origin of samples subjected to different temperatures. (tees.ac.uk)
- Electron Microscopy is an extremely versatile tool which allows the study of both morphology and material composition from virtually all areas of science and technology. (huttonltd.com)