Microscopy. Medical search

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

A type of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY in which the object is examined directly by an extremely narrow electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point and using the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen to create the image. It should not be confused with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Scanning microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Relating to the size of solids.

Microscopy in which the image is formed by ultraviolet radiation and is displayed and recorded by means of photographic film.

Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

The technique of using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance. The microtome is an instrument that hold a steel, glass or diamond knife in clamps at an angle to the blocks of prepared tissues, which it cuts in sections of equal thickness.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The recording of images in three-dimensional form on a photographic film by exposing it to a laser beam reflected from the object under study.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The technique of using a cryostat or freezing microtome, in which the temperature is regulated to -20 degrees Celsius, to cut ultrathin frozen sections for microscopic (usually, electron microscopic) examination.

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

Methods of preparing tissue for examination and study of the origin, structure, function, or pathology.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

A family of 3,6-di(substituted-amino)-9-benzoate derivatives of xanthene that are used as dyes and as indicators for various metals; also used as fluorescent tracers in histochemistry.

A tomographic technique for obtaining 3-dimensional images with transmission electron microscopy.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

A tissue preparation technique that involves the injecting of plastic (acrylates) into blood vessels or other hollow viscera and treating the tissue with a caustic substance. This results in a negative copy or a solid replica of the enclosed space of the tissue that is ready for viewing under a scanning electron microscope.

Behavior of LIGHT and its interactions with itself and materials.

The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.

A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

An analytical transmission electron microscopy method using an electron microscope fitted with an energy filtering lens. The method is based on the principle that some of the ELECTRONS passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The amount of energy loss is dependent upon the element. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum (ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY) reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. It is used analytically and quantitatively to determine which, how much of, and where specific ELEMENTS are in a sample. For example, it is used for elemental mapping of PHOSPHORUS to trace the strands of NUCLEIC ACIDS in nucleoprotein complexes.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.

LIGHT, it's processes and properties, and the characteristics of materials interacting with it.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Methods used to study CELLS.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Light-induced change in a chromophore, resulting in the loss of its absorption of light of a particular wave length. The photon energy causes a conformational change in the photoreceptor proteins affecting PHOTOTRANSDUCTION. This occurs naturally in the retina (ADAPTATION, OCULAR) on long exposure to bright light. Photobleaching presents problems when occurring in PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, and in FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. On the other hand, this phenomenon is exploited in the technique, FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING, allowing measurement of the movements of proteins and LIPIDS in the CELL MEMBRANE.

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Pieces of glass or other transparent materials used for magnification or increased visual acuity.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A scanning probe microscopy technique that uses an ultramicroelectrode as the scanning probe that simultaneously records changes in electrochemical potential as it scans thereby creating topographical images with localized electrochemical information.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.

An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A technique encompassing morphometry, densitometry, neural networks, and expert systems that has numerous clinical and research applications and is particularly useful in anatomic pathology for the study of malignant lesions. The most common current application of image cytometry is for DNA analysis, followed by quantitation of immunohistochemical staining.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

The lamellated connective tissue constituting the thickest layer of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A modification of the freeze-drying method in which the ice within the frozen tissue is replaced by alcohol or other solvent at a very low temperature.

A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

A suspension of metallic gold particles.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.

Investigative and diagnostic methods and procedures based on the photoacoustic effect, which is the generation of SOUND WAVES from the absorption of ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.

A sensory branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries general afferents from the superficial division of the face including the eyeball, conjunctiva, upper eyelid, upper nose, nasal mucosa, and scalp.

Photography of objects viewed under a microscope using ordinary photographic methods.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Measurement of the index of refraction (the ratio of the velocity of light or other radiation in the first of two media to its velocity in the second as it passes from one into the other).

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.

Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Examination of the transverse tubular system in living cardiac rat myocytes by 2-photon microscopy and digital image-processing techniques. (1/4047)

The transverse tubular system (t-system) of cardiac muscle is a structure that allows rapid propagation of excitation into the cell interior. Using 2-photon molecular excitation microscopy and digital image-processing methods, we have obtained a comprehensive overview of the t-system of rat ventricular myocytes in living cells. We show that it is possible to quantify the morphology of the t-system in terms of average local tubule diameter, branching pattern, and local abundance of the t-system by immersing living myocytes in a dextran-linked fluorescein solution. Our data suggest that previous electron microscopic examinations of t-system structure have underestimated both the geometric complexity of the t-system morphology and the fraction of cell volume occupied by the t-system (3.6% in this species). About 40% of tubules occur between Z-lines, and the t-tubule diameter is 255+/-0.85 nm (mean+/-SEM). The t-tubules leave the outer surface of the cell in an approximately rectangular array; however, at some points junctions between the t-tubules and the surface membrane are missing. In view of the complexity of the t-system apparent from our images, we propose that the t-system be renamed the "sarcolemmal Z rete." The methods presented here are generally applicable to the quantification of the sarcolemmal Z rete and other structures within cells by fluorescence microscopy in a variety of cell types. (+info)

Nuclear chromatin variations in human spermatozoa undergoing swim-up and cryopreservation evaluated by the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay. (2/4047)

The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) is a flow cytometric (FCM) technique which exploits the metachromatic properties of Acridine Orange to monitor the susceptibility of sperm chromatin DNA to in-situ acid denaturation. SCSA was used to study the chromatin structure variations of human spermatozoa in semen, both before and after swim-up and after cryopreservation. Semen samples were provided by 19 healthy normozoospermic subjects attending pre-marriage checks. Each sample was divided into three aliquots: the first aliquot was evaluated without further treatment, the second underwent swim-up, and the third was stored according to standard cryopreservation techniques in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. Samples were also analysed by light and fluorescence microscopy (after Acridine Orange staining to evaluate the number of green fluorescent sperm heads), and by computer-assisted semen analysis. The results showed that post-rise spermatozoa represent a subpopulation characterized by a general improvement of the morphological (reduction of the percentage of abnormal forms and heads, increase of the green head sperm percentage) and kinetic parameters. This subpopulation also exhibited improved chromatin structure properties, confirming that these cells have the best structural and functional characteristics, indicative of optimal fertilizing ability. On the other hand, overall sperm quality deteriorates after cryopreservation. When thawed spermatozoa underwent an additional swim-up round, a general improvement of nuclear maturity was seen in the post-rise spermatozoa. (+info)

The effect of mannitol versus dimethyl thiourea at attenuating ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to skeletal muscle. (3/4047)

OBJECTIVE: Mannitol is used as a treatment for skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in humans, despite the fact that its effectiveness in vivo is still disputed. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of mannitol in attenuating I/R injury at the microcirculatory level. METHODS: The study was designed as an experimental study with male Wistar rats. The main outcome measures were intravital microscopy, which was used to measure capillary perfusion, capillary and venular red blood cell velocity (VRBC), and leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat hind limb before and after ischemia. In addition, tissue injury was assessed during reperfusion with the fluorescent vital dyes bisbenzimide and ethidium bromide. Dimethyl thiourea (DMTU), a highly effective therapeutic agent of experimental I/R injury, was used as a positive control. RESULTS: No-flow ischemia (2 hour) resulted in a 40% drop in capillary perfusion, a decline in capillary and venular VRBC, and increased leukocyte venular adherence and tissue infiltration. Tissue injury increased to a constant level during reperfusion. Mannitol attenuated capillary malperfusion during the first 60 minutes of reperfusion and prevented a decline in capillary VRBC. However, mannitol did not reduce tissue injury or leukocyte adherence and infiltration during reperfusion. By comparison, DMTU not only prevented the perfusion deficits and the increases in leukocyte venular adherence and tissue infiltration but significantly reduced the magnitude of tissue injury. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that mannitol may be of limited value for the prevention of early reperfusion-induced injury after no-flow ischemia in skeletal muscle. By comparison, DMTU was highly efficacious by not only reducing microvascular perfusion deficits but by also reducing leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and the incidence of cellular injury. (+info)

Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. (4/4047)

Microscopic examination of blood smears remains the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, but is labor-intensive and requires skilled operators. Rapid dipstick technology provides a potential alternative. A study was conducted in The Gambia to compare the performance of OptiMAL, an immunochromatographic antigen detection assay for the diagnosis of malaria using parasite lactate dehydrogenase, against standard microscopy in patients with suspected malaria. For initial diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum, irrespective of stage, this assay had a sensitivity of 91.3%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 87.2%, and a negative predictive value of 94.7%. The sensitivity of the test decreased markedly at parasitemias < 0.01%. This assay can be used for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where microscopy is not available and for urgent malaria diagnosis at night and at weekends, when routine laboratories are closed and when relatively inexperienced microscopists may be on duty. (+info)

Comparison of five methods of malaria detection in the outpatient setting. (5/4047)

In eastern Africa where 90% of the malaria is due to Plasmodium falciparum, the accuracy of malaria diagnosis at the outpatient level is becoming increasingly important due to problems of drug resistance and use of alternative, costly antimalarial drugs. The quantitative buffy coat (QBC) technique, acridine orange staining with an interference filter system, and the ParaSight-F test have been introduced as alternative methods to conventional microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria. Two hundred thirteen outpatients were tested using these alternative methods and conventional microscopy by five experienced technologists; two were randomly allocated to read the results of each test. Paired results showed the highest level of agreement with the ParaSight-F test (99%), followed by Field stain (92%). The results of the QBC technique showed the least agreement (73%). Using conventional microscopy as the reference standard, the ParaSight-F test had a sensitivity range of 90-92% and a specificity of 99%, staining with acridine orange had a sensitivity range of 77-96% and a specificity range of 81-98% and the QBC technique had a sensitivity range of 88-98% and a specificity range of 58-90%. All microscopic tests showed lower sensitivities (as low as 20% using staining with acridine orange) in detecting low parasitemias (< or = 320/microl) than the ParaSight-F test (70%). Due to the high cost of the ParaSight-F test, Field-stained blood films remain the most appropriate method for diagnosis of P. falciparum in eastern Africa. The ParaSight-F test may be used in situations where no trained microscopists are available, or where malaria is strongly suspected and the results of microscopy are negative. (+info)

Semi-nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of human malaria parasites and evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in Equatorial Guinea. (6/4047)

A semi-nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the amplification of the sequences of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) gene was tested in a field trial in Equatorial Guinea (a hyperendemic focus of malaria in west central Africa). The method uses a primary PCR amplification reaction with a universal reverse primer and two forward primers specific for the genus Plasmodium and to mammals (the mammalian-specific primer was included as a positive control to distinguish uninfected cases from inhibition of the PCR). The second amplification is carried out with the same Plasmodium genus-specific forward primer and four specific reverse primers for each human Plasmodium species. The PCR amplified products are differentiated by fragment size after electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. Four villages from three regions of the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea) and two suspected Plasmodium vivax-P. ovale infections from the hospital of Malabo were tested by microscopy and PCR. The PCR method showed greater sensitivity and specificity than microscopic examination and confirmed the existence of a focus of P. vivax infections in Equatorial Guinea suspected by microscopic examination. It also provided evidence of several mixed infections, mainly P. falciparum and P. malariae, the two predominant species causing malaria in Equatorial Guinea. (+info)

Rapid dendritic morphogenesis in CA1 hippocampal dendrites induced by synaptic activity. (7/4047)

Activity shapes the structure of neurons and their circuits. Two-photon imaging of CA1 neurons expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in developing hippocampal slices from rat brains was used to characterize dendritic morphogenesis in response to synaptic activity. High-frequency focal synaptic stimulation induced a period (longer than 30 minutes) of enhanced growth of small filopodia-like protrusions (typically less than 5 micrometers long). Synaptically evoked growth was long-lasting and localized to dendritic regions close (less than 50 micrometers) to the stimulating electrode and was prevented by blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Thus, synaptic activation can produce rapid input-specific changes in dendritic structure. Such persistent structural changes could contribute to the development of neural circuitry. (+info)

Mound-cell movement and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. (8/4047)

To examine the mechanisms of cell locomotion within a three-dimensional (3-D) cell mass, we have undertaken a systematic 3-D analysis of individual cell movements in the Dictyostelium mound, the first 3-D structure to form during development of the fruiting body. We used time-lapse deconvolution microscopy to examine two strains whose motion represents endpoints on the spectrum of motile behaviors that we have observed in mounds. In AX-2 mounds, cell motion is slow and trajectories are a combination of random and radial, compared to KAX-3, in which motion is fivefold faster and most trajectories are rotational. Although radial or rotational motion was correlated with the optical-density wave patterns present in each strain, we also found small but significant subpopulations of cells that moved differently from the majority, demonstrating that optical-density waves are at best insufficient to explain all motile behavior in mounds. In examining morphogenesis in these strains, we noted that AX-2 mounds tended to culminate directly to a fruiting body, whereas KAX-3 mounds first formed a migratory slug. By altering buffering conditions we could interchange these behaviors and then found that mound-cell motions also changed accordingly. This demonstrates a correlation between mound-cell motion and subsequent development, but it is not obligatory. Chimeric mounds composed of only 10% KAX-3 cells and 90% AX-2 cells exhibited rotational motion, suggesting that a diffusible molecule induces rotation, but many of these mounds still culminated directly, demonstrating that rotational motion does not always lead to slug migration. Our observations provide a detailed analysis of cell motion for two distinct modes of mound and slug formation in Dictyostelium. (+info)

... glossary, Common terms used in amateur light microscopy. Nikon MicroscopyU Extensive information on light microscopy ... Microscopy in Detail - A resource with many illustrations elaborating the most common microscopy techniques Manawatu Microscopy ... The resolution of X-ray microscopy lies between that of light microscopy and electron microscopy. Until the invention of sub- ... and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of X-ray microscopy.[citation needed] Optical microscopy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

... is microscopy that employs very high or ultra high frequency ultrasound. Acoustic microscopes operate non- ... The notion of acoustic microscopy dates back to 1936 when S. Ya. Sokolov proposed a device for producing magnified views of ... In 1970, the Korpel and Kessler group began to pursue a scanning laser detection system for acoustic microscopy. In 1974, the ... Also during last decade was expressed an interest to apply acoustic microscopy methods for 3D non-invasive inspection of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_microscopy

... or imaging interferometric microscopy is the concept of microscopy which is related to holography, ... Interferometric microscopy allows enhancement of resolution of optical microscopy due to interferometric (holographic) ... In interferometric microscopy, the image of a micro-object is synthesized numerically as a coherent combination of partial ... Although the Interferometric microscopy has been demonstrated only for optical images (visible light), this technique may find ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometric_microscopy

One key advantage of samples prepared using expansion microscopy and light microscopy over conventional electron microscopy is ... Expansion microscopy is a method which improves the final image resolution during regular microscopy by physically enlarging ... Expansion microscopy improves the resolution of light microscopy by physically expanding the specimens. When this technique is ... One of the most significant advantages of expansion microscopy versus other forms of microscopy is that it does not require a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_microscopy

... may refer to: Scanning probe microscopy Atomic force microscopy Scanning tunneling microscope Scanning ... Near-field scanning optical microscope This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Scanning microscopy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_microscopy

... is a form of microscopy that allows observing biological processes in live animals (in vivo) at a high ... Intravital microscopy can be performed using several light microscopy techniques including widefield fluorescence, confocal, ... Multiphoton microscopy provides considerably greater depth of penetration than single-photon confocal microscopy. Multiphoton ... High resolution intravital microscopy can be used to visualize spontaneous and transient events. It might be useful to pair up ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravital_microscopy

So, let us try to understand the principle of confocal microscopy in terms of momentum basis, here. In confocal microscopy, the ... CASS microscopy has a lot in common with confocal microscopy which enables optical sectioning by eliminating scattered light ... CASS microscopy makes use of time-gated detection and spatial input-output wave correlation. Theoretical description is given ... The main difference between these two microscopy modality comes from whether the basis of illumination is in position space or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASS_microscopy

The FMR replica is then transferred to a glass slide for examination by optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_(microscopy)

Ground state depletion microscopy (GSD Microscopy) is an implementation of the RESOLFT concept. The method was proposed in 1995 ... It is the second concept to overcome the diffraction barrier in far-field optical microscopy published by Stefan Hell. Using ... This is far below the diffraction limit (~200 nm). In GSD microscopy, fluorescent markers are used. In one condition, the ... The implementation in a microscope is very similar to stimulated emission depletion microscopy, however it can operate with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSD_microscopy

... , most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), is ... The Development of a Modern Microscopy". Imaging & Microscopy.online Barry R. Masters: Confocal Microscopy And Multiphoton ... Barry R. Masters: Confocal Microscopy And Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy. The Genesis of Live Cell Imaging. SPIE Press, ... Microscopy, American inventions, Cell imaging, Scientific techniques, Laboratory equipment, Optical microscopy techniques, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscopy

... , from "nanometer video-enhanced microscopy", is a microscopic technique aimed at visualizing colloidal gold ... Nanovid microscopy, by combining small colloidal gold probes with video-enhanced quantitative microscopy, allows studying the ... Microscopy Single-particle tracking Differential interference contrast microscopy Microtubule De Mey, J., Moeremans, M., Geuens ... Quantitative Microscopy (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Cell imaging, Microscopy, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanovid_microscopy

... is at the intersection of computer science and optics. Ikoma, Hayato. "Computational microscopy for ... Computational microscopy: Turning megapixels into gigapixels. 2016. Pham, Minh. "New Algorithms in Computational Microscopy." ... Notable forms of computational microscopy include super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, quantitative phase imaging, and ... Computational microscopy is a subfield of computational imaging, which combines algorithmic reconstruction with sensing to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_microscopy

... microscopy Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy Super-resolution microscopy Ground state depletion microscopy Westphal ... STED microscopy is one of several types of super resolution microscopy techniques that have recently been developed to bypass ... Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy. It creates ... Confocal microscopy Fluorescence Fluorescence microscope Laser scanning confocal microscopy Optical microscope Photoactivated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STED_microscopy

... may refer to: Histopathology of tissues Smear test of free cells or small tissue fragments This ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Diagnostic microscopy. If an internal link led you here, you may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_microscopy

... Slide Database Free Virtual Microscope Web Application with automated image analysis Virtual Microscopy of ... Virtual microscopy is a method of posting microscope images on, and transmitting them over, computer networks. This allows ... Digital pathology Microscopy Telepathology Mikula, Shawn; Trotts, Issac; Stone, James M.; Jones, Edward G. (2007). "Internet- ... Virtual Microscopy Database by the American Association of Anatomists More information about definition, technology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_microscopy

Using photoacoustic microscopy, fluorescent proteins can be visualized at depths beyond the limit of typical microscopy methods ... Photoacoustic microscopy achieves greater penetration than conventional microscopy due to ultrasonic detection. As a result, ... thus limiting fluorescence microscopy techniques such as one-photon and two-photon microscopy. Current research in ... photoacoustic microscopy is capable of achieving high-resolution images at greater depths than conventional microscopy methods ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoacoustic_microscopy

Entangled microscopy can avoid the phototoxicity and photobleaching that comes with two-photon scanning fluorescence microscopy ... such as spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SPSTM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The wave function is central ... Various types of microscopy use quantum principles. The first microscope to do so was the scanning tunneling microscope, which ... As such, photoionization microscopy relies on the existence of interference between various trajectories by which the electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_microscopy

Classical interference microscopy Differential interference contrast microscopy Fluorescence interference contrast microscopy ... Interference microscopy involving measurements of differences in the path between two beams of light that have been split. ... Phase contrast microscopy v t e (All stub articles, Science stubs, Microscopy). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference_microscopy

The Nordic Microscopy Society (SCANDEM) is a learned society for the promotion of microscopy in the Nordic countries. It was ... "The Board". Nordic Microscopy Society. Retrieved 18 May 2017. "By-Laws". Nordic Microscopy Society. Retrieved 18 May 2017. " ... "About the Society". Nordic Microscopy Society. Retrieved 18 May 2017. "European Microscopy Society - Yearbook 2016". www. ... Early History of the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy (from The Growth of Electron Microscopy, Volume 96) ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Microscopy_Society

Two-photon excitation microscopy Three photon microscopy Second-harmonic imaging microscopy Third-harmonic imaging microscopy ... Multi-photon microscopy (also spelled multiphoton microscopy) may refer to: ... Coherent Raman scattering microscopy Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy This disambiguation page lists articles associated ... with the title Multi-photon microscopy. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-photon_microscopy

The Electron Microscopy Center (abbr.: EMC) is a scientific user facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The EMC works to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_Microscopy_Center

... / "photothermal single particle microscopy" is a technique that is based on detection of non- ... The high sensitivity and selectivity of photothermal microscopy allows even the detection of single molecules by their ... Selmke, Markus; Braun, Marco; Cichos, Frank (2012-02-28). "Photothermal Single-Particle Microscopy: Detection of a Nanolens". ... Selmke, Markus; Braun, Marco; Cichos, Frank (2012-09-28). "Gaussian beam photothermal single particle microscopy". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photothermal_optical_microscopy

Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and mirror electron microscopy (MEM): these two electron emission microscopy use electron ... Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM, also called photoelectron microscopy, PEM) is a type of electron microscopy that ... Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM): PEEM differs from these two microscopies by ... "Historical perspective and current trends in emission microscopy, mirror electron microscopy and low-energy electron microscopy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoemission_electron_microscopy

In materials science, chemical force microscopy (CFM) is a variation of atomic force microscopy (AFM) which has become a ... Articles with short description, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Microscopy, Scanning probe microscopy). ... Noy, A.; Vezenov, D. V.; Lieber, C. M. (1997). "Chemical Force Microscopy". Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 27: 381. Bibcode:1997AnRMS.. ... "Functional Group Imaging by Chemical Force Microscopy". Science. 265 (5181): 2071-4. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.2071F. doi:10.1126/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_force_microscopy

... (also called dark-ground microscopy) describes microscopy methods, in both light and electron microscopy ... In bright-field microscopy, features are visible where either a shadow is cast on the surface by the incident light or a part ... Dark-field microscopy techniques are almost entirely free of halo or relief-style artifacts typical of DIC and phase-contrast ... Dark-field microscopy is a very simple yet effective technique and well suited for uses involving live and unstained biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-field_microscopy

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phase contrast microscopy. Optical Microscopy Primer - Phase Contrast Microscopy by ... Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a ... After its invention in the early 1930s, phase-contrast microscopy proved to be such an advancement in microscopy that its ... DIC microscopy is increasingly replaced by Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy, invented by Robert Hoffman in 1975. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-contrast_microscopy

... (SECM) is a technique within the broader class of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) that is ... electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ESTM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the interrogation of various ... Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and SECM approach curve measurements are frequently applied to ... The theoretical basis was presented in 1989 by Bard, where he also coined the term Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electrochemical_microscopy

... (FluidFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy, and is typically used on a standard inverted light ... Isolation of single mammalian cells from adherent cultures by fluidic force microscopy. Lab on a chip, 14(2), 402-14. doi: ... FluidFM: Combining atomic force microscopy and nanofluidics in a universal liquid delivery system for single cell applications ... Isolation of optically targeted single bacteria by application of fluidic force microscopy to aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidic_force_microscopy

... (IRM), also called Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy (RICM) or Reflection Contrast ... Albert Einstein College of Medicine on IRM Reflected confocal microscopy on Nikon MicroscopyU (Optical microscopy techniques, ... label in contrast to TIRF microscopy. In 1964, Adam S. G. Curtis coined the term Interference Reflection Microscopy (IRM), ... Furth, Ralph van (1975). "Reflection-contrast microscopy as a tool for investigation of the attachment of living cells to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference_reflection_microscopy

... (FEM), originally called Variable Coherence Microscopy before decoherence effects in the sample ... v t e (All stub articles, Condensed matter stubs, Electron microscopy). ... rendered that naming moot, is a technique in electron microscopy that probes nanometer-scale or "medium-range" order in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation_electron_microscopy

We acknowledge the Kaurna people, the original custodians of the Adelaide Plains and the land on which the University of Adelaides campuses at North Terrace, Waite and Roseworthy are built.. ...

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Identify and resolve commonly encountered problems during routine microscopy procedures.. Continuing Education Credits (CEU). ... This eLearning course will introduce laboratory professionals to microscopy procedures for smear preparation, as well as ... Laboratory professionals should have basic knowledge and understanding of routine microscopy procedures and techniques. This ... or individuals needing training on basic microscopy procedures. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/labtraining/training-courses/basic-microbiology/routine-microscopy-procedures.html

Research Microscopy Solutions. Products Applications Resources Service & Support About Us MyZEISS Contact Online Shop Related ... Microscopy Insights Hub Learn about microscopy topics for your field of application. Register for free to get full access to ... Correlative Microscopy Workflows to Link Functional Spine Imaging and Volume Electron Microscopy ... Correlative Microscopy Workflows to Link Functional Spine Imaging and Volume Electron Microscopy ...

https://www.zeiss.com/microscopy/en/resources/insights-hub/life-sciences/correlative-microscopy-workflows-to-link-functional-spine-imaging-and-volume-electron-microscopy.html

2010)‎. Basic malaria microscopy, 2nd ed. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44208 ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44208

Welcome to Simon Fraser Universitys Confocal Microscopy Facility website.. Microscopy equipment. WaveFX spinning disc confocal ... Microscopy support. The microscopy technician can provide assistance with microscope training, experimental setup and ... Microscopy technician. Tim Heslip. [email protected] 778-782-6807 office. Mon-Fri 9:30-4:30pm. availability schedule ... Useful Microscopy Resources. *Fluorescence SpectraViewer. from Invitrogen to plot and compare spectral profiles of different ...

https://www.sfu.ca/mbbarchive/Facilities/Microscopy/Microscopy.html

In confocal microscopy an object is scanned using a laser beam to build up the image a line at a time. ...

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/departments-and-staff/core-research-labs/imaging-and-analysis/confocal-microscopy-.html

Only a provider may perform microscopy procedures under a Provider Performed Microscopy Procedure (PPMP) certificate. Providers ... No other individuals may perform microscopy procedures under a PPMP certificate, including laboratory and nursing professionals ... even though they may be qualified to perform microscopy procedures under a moderately complex license. Waived tests performed ...

https://www.jointcommission.org/standards/standard-faqs/behavioral-health/waived-testing-wt/000001395/

Cite this: Adjunctive Confocal Microscopy Can Reduce Unnecessary Skin Excisions, Study Finds - Medscape - Jun 01, 2022. ... Using adjunctive reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for examining suspect skin lesions reduced the number of unnecessary ... and the financial cost of reflectance confocal microscopy, as compared to the cost of standard follow-up alone with an ... given that reflectance confocal microscopy is not yet widely available." ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/974874

SOFT Microscopy Centre is a joint effort between Chalmers University of Technology and Research Institutes of Sweden - RISE. ... SOFT Microscopy Network. The Soft Microscopy Centre hosts a network for microscopy of soft materials. The network includes ... SOFT Microscopy Centre SOFT Microscopy Centre is a joint effort between Chalmers University of Technology and Research ... The purpose of the microscopy network is to promote knowledge in material microstructure and structure design by microscopy. ...

http://www.chalmers.se/en/areas-of-advance/materials/external-collaboration/smc/Pages/default.aspx

Recent improvements in electron microscopy technology are making this pursuit more reliable and more powerful. In this chapter ... Caenorhabditis elegans was chosen in part for its suitability for study in serial thin sections by electron microscopy. ... Modern electron microscopy methods for C. elegans Methods Cell Biol. 2012;107:93-149. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394620-1.00004-7. ... Recent improvements in electron microscopy technology are making this pursuit more reliable and more powerful. In this chapter ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22226522/

... is a new calibration and measurement method that establishes SI-traceability of optical microscopy and enables subnanometer ... Critical-Dimension Localization Microscopy (CDLM) is a new calibration and measurement method that establishes SI-traceability ... Performing critical-dimension localization microscopy includes: subjecting a first dimensional member and a second dimensional ... from the optical microscopy of the first dimensional member and the second dimensional member, a secondary length and a ...

https://www.nist.gov/patents/apparatus-critical-dimension-localization-microscopy-0

Every neurobiology textbook invariably states that nerve cells communicate with each other through synapses, the specialized cell-cell contacts found at the end of the cells threadlike extensions. In the journal Science, researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences and the University of California at San Diego report that nerve cells, or neurons, may not have to rely on traditionally defined synapses to "talk" to each other.. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Microscopy&page=216

... Background The light-sheet fluorescence microscope is used to study three-dimensional ... To find novel techniques that apply adaptive optics to light-sheet fluorescence microscopy in order to obtain better images and ... "Pupil filters for extending the field-of-view in light-sheet microscopy." Optics letters (2016) ... samples combining the advantages of the speed of traditional wide-field epi-fluorescence microscopy with the optical sectioning ...

https://www.tudelft.nl/en/3me/about/departments/delft-center-for-systems-and-control/research/numerics-for-control-identification/smart-light-sheet-fluorescence-microscopy

SZN

https://www.szn.it/index.php/en/services/electron-microscopy

Transmission/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy *Transmission Electron Microscopy. *Scanning Transmission Electron ... on defects and interfaces using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). ... Transmission Electron Microscopy. In TEM, a thin sample, typically less than 200 nanometers, is bombarded by a highly focused ... Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. With STEM, a highly-focused electron probe is raster-scanned across the material, ...

https://www.nrel.gov/materials-science/trans-scan.html

Laser scanning microscopy is a powerful imaging modality ideal for monitoring spatial and temporal dynamics in both in vitro ... By combining microscopy fast acquisition methods with a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), we show here, for the first time ... Video-Rate Acquisition Fluorescence Microscopy via Generative Adversarial Networks. EasyChair Preprint no. 4046. 8 pages•Date: ... Keyphrases: computer vision, deep learning, Fluorescent microscopy, GAN, Minimal data, Video-rate ...

https://www.easychair.org/publications/preprint/P6f9

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important instrument for the study of portland cement clinker, cement, and concrete. Images of clinker surface topography are used to study particle size and shape, as well a

https://www.astm.org/cca10126j.html

... Targeted imaging acquisition software is reinventing microscopy, boosting ... Software innovations in microscopy are "flipping the script" on how laboratory leaders can and should think about the lifecycle ... Fortunately, microscopy is quickly evolving to support researchers as they drive discovery in the life sciences. ... Perhaps one of the most helpful uses for pattern-recognition software is in cellular imaging, where microscopy software ...

https://www.genengnews.com/imaging/3d-microscopy-keeps-getting-faster-smarter-leaner/

Atomic Force Microscopy. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is used to gain topographic information on a sample. The AFM operates by ...

https://www.flinders.edu.au/microscopy/materials-characterisation/atomic-force-microscopy

2-3.11.2021 - The WLL has been realigned and one of the ...

https://www.unige.ch/bioimaging/photonic/technology/light-microscopy?ccm_paging_p_b232=2&ccm_order_by_b232=&ccm_order_by_direction_b232=

Since 1998, he is heading the Femtoscience and Microscopy research group at the UCLM, focusing his research on the study of ...

https://www.uclm.es/grupos/fmg/members?sc_lang=en

GMU:DIY-Microscopy Revision as of 15:29, 21 October 2012 by Cg (talk , contribs) (→‎Cases for Microscope) ... The microscopy stage will be constructed with the help of our rapid prototyping machine GMU:RapMan and simple 3D modeling tools ... Retrieved from "https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:DIY-Microscopy&oldid=45515" ...

https://www.uni-weimar.de/kunst-und-gestaltung/wiki/index.php?title=GMU:DIY-Microscopy&oldid=45515

Microscopy primer - Introduction to optical microscopy (External link) * Confocal Listserver - discussions on light microscopy ... Light Microscopy At CCI you will find a wide range of equipment and techniques for advanced light microscopy, with the focus on ... Light microscopy techniques At CCI it is possible to perform several advanced techniques that employs light and electron ... At the CCI we give courses in light and electron microscopy as well as image analysis. However, to get access to our equipment ...

https://www.gu.se/en/core-facilities/centre-for-cellular-imaging/light-microscopy

2010)‎. Basic malaria microscopy, 2nd ed. World Health Organization. https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/44208?locale-attribute=zh&

The Time Domain Spectroscopy and Microscopy Lab provides users with the ability to follow various optical processes with time ... The spectroscopy system measures pump-probe transient absorption and the microscopy system allows one to measure confocal time- ... Our time-lapse confocal microscopy system can follow events in tissue cultures using various fluorescent probes for biological ...

https://www.weizmann.ac.il/ChemicalResearchSupport/time-domain-spectroscopy-and-microscopy/about-the-service

Electron Microscopy of Biological Macromolecules. Leerdoelen. At the end of the course, the student is able to:. 1. Describe ... Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have revolutionize the field entirely making it often the method of ... This 3-week course is an introduction to electron microscopy (EM), ranging from a general theoretical and practical ... students will conduct image processing of a single particle cryo-electron microscopy data set to determine a high-resolution ...

https://www.rug.nl/ocasys/rug/vak/show?code=WMBS011-05

Authors present in this study an automatic analytical pipeline for spine geometry using 3D-structured illumination microscopy, ... we describe an accurate method for measurement and analysis of spine morphology based on structured illumination microscopy ( ... Confocal microscopy was performed with an A1 confocal laser scanning microscopy system (NIKON). An oil immersion TIRF objective ... We applied confocal microscopy with confocal aperture of 0.5 AU to CA1 pyramidal neurons expressing YFP in fixed brain sections ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09337-0?error=cookies_not_supported

Indoor Air Quality Testing Lab - Bacteria, Mold, Indoor Allergens, Bed Bugs, Asbestos, Lead, Metals, Formaldehyde, VOCs, Particulates, ERMI, PCR, Nano Particles, Oxides, Silica

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... transmission electron microscopy. 13th Multinational Congress on Microscopy, MCM2017, Rovinj (HR), September 24-29, 2017. (oral ... Microscopy Conference 2017, MC2017, Lausanne (CH), August 21-25, 2017. (oral). *T. Henninen, M. D. Rossell, R. Erni, Studying ... Microscopy Conference 2017, MC2017, Lausanne (CH), August 25-29, 2017. (oral). *D. Keller, Y. Zhang, R. Erni, Observation of ... D. Keller, T. R. Henninen, R. Erni, In situ observation of gold nanoparticle growth in thin ionic liquid layers, Microscopy ...

https://www.empa.ch/web/s299/publications1

Small numbers of parameters for spine shape in these studies may not be adequate for complex three-dimensional (3D) spine images obtained by super-resolution microscopy. (nature.com)
This sample-preparation technique, developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, allows researchers to achieve super-resolution microscopy using just a regular light microscope. (asbmb.org)
Founded in 2010 and located in Paris, BioAxial is a key player in live cell super resolution microscopy. (superesolution.com)

NREL investigates the structure and chemistry of materials with particular emphasis on defects and interfaces using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). (nrel.gov)
The following table is a condensed listing of equipment, techniques, applications, and properties of instrumentation for Transmission/Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. (nrel.gov)
W. Dachraoui, D. Keller, T. R. Henninen, O. Ashton, R. Erni, Atomic mechanisms of nanocrystallization via cluster-clouds in solution studied by liquid-phase scanning transmission electron microscopy, Nano Letters 21 (2021) 2861-2869 . (empa.ch)
F. Wang, T. R. Henninen, D. Keller, R. Erni, Noise2Atom: unsupervised denoising for scanning transmission electron microscopy images, Applied Microscopy 50 (2020) 23 (1-9) . (empa.ch)

Cite this: Adjunctive Confocal Microscopy Can Reduce Unnecessary Skin Excisions, Study Finds - Medscape - Jun 01, 2022. (medscape.com)
it is our great pleasure to announce that REGISTRATION and ABSTRACT SUBMISSION for the 16th Multinational Congress on Microscopy 2022 in Brno (16MCM) have been open to public, and we kindly invite you to join us at this special event. (mikroskopija.hr)

Microscopy and Microanalysis 25 (Suppl. (empa.ch)
Microscopy and Microanalysis for Lithium-Ion Batteries discusses advanced analytical techniques that offer the capability of resolving the structure and chemistry at an atomic resolution to further drive lithium-ion battery research and development. (routledge.com)
The annual meeting of the Microanalysis Society in conjunction with the Microscopy Society of America. (materialstoday.com)
Microscopy and microanalysis / Brazilian Society for Microscopy and MicroanalysisMicrobeam Analysis SocietyMicroscopy Society of AmericaMicroscopical Society of CanadaMexican Microscopy SocietySociedade Brasileira de Microscopia e MicroanalisisSociété de Microscopie du CanadaAsociacón Mexicana de microscopia. (bvs.br)

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is used to gain topographic information on a sample. (edu.au)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is routinely applied for compositional mapping of heterogeneous polymer materials. (ntmdt-si.com)

In the last week, students will conduct image processing of a single particle cryo-electron microscopy data set to determine a high-resolution protein structure (1 week). (rug.nl)
Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have revolutionize the field entirely making it often the method of choice for high resolution structure determination of proteins, which was acknowledged by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2017. (rug.nl)
Vicki is visiting us from the newly established Living Systems Institute (LSI) Exeter, where she and her group research protein transport across membranes, with a strong methodological focus on cryo-electron microscopy. (cam.ac.uk)

He is on the editorial board for a number of Journals including Journal of Microscopy , Materials and Energies . (routledge.com)

The Microscopy Society of America (MSA) became part of the effort with Project MICRO (Microscopy In Curriculum - Research Outreach). (microscopy.org)

The program is broadening access to high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) and tomography (cryoET) for biomedical researchers by creating national service centers, and cultivating a skilled workforce through the development and implementation of cryoEM tra ining material . (nih.gov)
Did you miss one of the free monthly webinars on cryoEM current practices and strategies hosted by the National Centers for Cryoelectron Microscopy? (nih.gov)

Our microscopes are equipped to perform diffraction contrast, higher-resolution phase-contrast microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field microscopy, nanodiffraction, convergent beam electron diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. (nrel.gov)
The Time Domain Spectroscopy and Microscopy Lab provides users with the ability to follow various optical processes with time scales ranging from femtoseconds to hours. (weizmann.ac.il)
The spectroscopy system measures pump-probe transient absorption and the microscopy system allows one to measure confocal time-lapse sequences. (weizmann.ac.il)
The microstructural analysis and tensile properties were conducted using an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and tensile test. (malaysianjournalofmicroscopy.org)

The course "Transmission Electron Microscopy in Life Sciences" is aimed at beginners and intermediate users of transmission electron microscopes in biomedicine. (eurmicsoc.org)
After the course, the participants should understand the principles of construction and function of transmission electron microscopes, should be able to align the microscope for optimal performance, to identify and eliminate most common aberrations and alignment artifacts, to understand the principles of image generation in transmission electron microscopy, and to identify optimal ways of image acquisition. (eurmicsoc.org)
The kit contains everything you need to run microscopy sessions including microscopes, USB camera, all samples, children's worksheets, samples and a teachers pack and instructions. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Using adjunctive reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for examining suspect skin lesions reduced the number of unnecessary skin excisions by 43%, results from a large randomized clinical trial showed. (medscape.com)
The study also does not address the time factor (the procedure takes about 7 minutes per lesion) and the financial cost of reflectance confocal microscopy, as compared to the cost of standard follow-up alone with an increased number of excisions. (medscape.com)
She added that the findings "are not yet applicable to general dermatology across the world, as the authors comment, given that reflectance confocal microscopy is not yet widely available. (medscape.com)
Practical application of laser reflectance confocal microscopy in the follow-up of patients with lentigo maligna undergoing treatment with Imiquimod. (bvsalud.org)

This basic level course is designed for new or existing public health and clinical laboratory professionals, individuals with a science background who are entering or reentering the microbiology field, or individuals needing training on basic microscopy procedures. (cdc.gov)

JEOL USA awarded two Grand Prizes to winners of its 2020 Electron Microscopy Image Contest, and kicked off its 2021 Image Contest at the beginning of the new year. (labbulletin.com)

We will discuss new and exciting challenges in 2D/3D/4D/5D biological and microscopic image computing, as well as large-scale (gigabyte-size image) visualization and interaction, - with a focus on microscopy images but can be generally useful for other large biomedical images. (itk.org)

Support forum for mobile apps by ZEISS Microscopy. (zeiss.com)

SOFT Microscopy Centre is a strategic initiative with the aim to establish new concepts for soft material design, based on leading competence. (chalmers.se)
The Soft Microscopy Centre hosts a network for microscopy of soft materials. (chalmers.se)
The Department of Malaria Eradication, Ministry of Health, which is also a centre of excellence for malaria microscopy in the Eastern Mediterranean Region conducted the fifth international course on advanced malaria microscopy and quality assurance, in close collaboration with WHO. (who.int)
Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used means for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is available in most primary health-care laboratories at health-centre level. (bvsalud.org)

The workshop is aimed at participants at PhD/post doc level and who are experienced in basic microscopy and who wish to ex- tend their knowledge and practical experience in 2D and/or 3D cryo-imaging. (eurmicsoc.org)

Smear microscopy may, however, be costly and inconvenient for patients, who have to make multiple visits to health facilities to submit multiple sputum specimens over several days. (bvsalud.org)
Smear microscopy may, however, be costly and inconvenient for patients, who have to make multiple visits to healt. (bvsalud.org)

Laser scanning microscopy is a powerful imaging modality ideal for monitoring spatial and temporal dynamics in both in vitro and in vivo models. (easychair.org)
Perhaps one of the most helpful uses for pattern-recognition software is in cellular imaging, where microscopy software advances are helping laboratory leaders make better-informed decisions on 3D imaging tools by lowering barriers, improving workflows, and reducing equipment lifecycle costs. (genengnews.com)
At CCI you will find a wide range of equipment and techniques for advanced light microscopy, with the focus on fluorescence imaging. (gu.se)
At CCI it is possible to perform several advanced techniques that employs light and electron microscopy to take further steps than the basic information, which can be obtained from conventional imaging. (gu.se)
Samples for imaging were tak en sev en day s after s tarting the roll - up. (researchgate.net)
Since the methods and materials needed for expansion microscopy are fairly easy and inexpensive, Tillberg said he sees this as part of the effort toward democratizing imaging science. (asbmb.org)
Our modular Cerna components make it simple to adapt this microscopy platform for a wide variety of imaging modalities and experimental applications. (thorlabs.com)
Our company develops and sells super resolution modules: LiveCodim, using Conical Diffraction, an outstanding technology for super-resolved fluorescence microscopy for extended live-cell imaging. (superesolution.com)

We present a methodology to automatically quantify phenotypic traits of root hairs in digital microscopy images. (researchgate.net)

This course, unique of its kind on the global level, is very important for the Region and aims to provide participants with skills in advanced malaria microscopy. (who.int)
This one-month course is based on WHO training modules covering all areas of malaria microscopy and quality assurance with through problem-based solving, practical hands-on training and field visits. (who.int)

If you've ever bought one of those grow-in-water dinosaur toys from a gumball machine, you understand a little about the process of expansion microscopy. (asbmb.org)
While he was a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Paul Tillberg , now a Janelia fellow at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, developed the protocol for expansion microscopy with colleagues Ed Boyden , currently a professor at MIT, and Fei Chen , currently at the Broad Institute. (asbmb.org)
This method, which builds on a widely used technique known as expansion microscopy previously developed at MIT, should allow scientists to visualize molecules and cellular structures that have never been seen before. (lifeboat.com)

The light-sheet fluorescence microscope is used to study three-dimensional samples combining the advantages of the speed of traditional wide-field epi-fluorescence microscopy with the optical sectioning power of a confocal microscope. (tudelft.nl)

A global sampler of single particle tracking solutions for single molecule microscopy. (figshare.com)

While recent studies suggest that health- the undirected, "open view" of electron microscopy allows rapid care systems are ill prepared to treat victims and contain the morphologic identification and differential diagnosis of different spread of an infectious agent (5), the performance of physi- agents contained in the specimen. (cdc.gov)
A picture from differential interference contrast microscopy showing A. cantonensis. (cdc.gov)

Electron microscopic diagnosis is uniquely suited for rapid microscopy fully, it should be quality controlled, applied as a identification of infectious agents. (cdc.gov)

Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a powerful method to investigate the structure-function relationship in biology. (zeiss.com)

See how our portfolio of X-ray microscopy solutions provide high resolution 3D tomography and crystallography and combine multiple 2D and 3D datasets with novel solutions for correlation and connection of multiple datasets to truly understand your materials in multiple modes and length scales. (lifesciencesweden.se)

Citifluor, A Division of Electron Microscopy Sciences, has developed a range of antifadent mounting media which greatly reduce the fading of the fluorescence of fluorochromes or fluorescent dyes used for labelling biological specimens. (emsdiasum.com)
It has been shown conclusively that good quality microscopy of two consecutive sputum specimens identifies the vast majority (95-98%) of smear-positive TB patients. (bvsalud.org)
In 1972, in the examination of stool specimens, electron microscopy identified the Norwalk agent, the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks among adults. (cdc.gov)

Laboratory professionals should have basic knowledge and understanding of routine microscopy procedures and techniques. (cdc.gov)
Information and demonstration of advanced microscopy techniques and its possibilities. (chalmers.se)
To find novel techniques that apply adaptive optics to light-sheet fluorescence microscopy in order to obtain better images and more information from biological samples. (tudelft.nl)
New microscopy techniques reveal that heterochromatin-the condensed, seemingly dormant portions of DNA-is not as dense as scientists once thought. (the-scientist.com)
Workshops, One-on-One Training, and Equipment Demos - ranging from a general introduction to the field of electron microscopy to very specific techniques. (emsdiasum.com)
Raman Microscope / LabRAM HR Evolution HORIBA Scientific / www.horiba.com/scientific Microscopy encompasses a wide range of techniques. (labmanager.com)

This eLearning course will introduce laboratory professionals to microscopy procedures for smear preparation, as well as preparing and interpreting the results of a Gram stain, wet mount, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and India Ink procedures. (cdc.gov)
No other individuals may perform microscopy procedures under a PPMP certificate, including laboratory and nursing professionals, even though they may be qualified to perform microscopy procedures under a moderately complex license. (jointcommission.org)
The core facility for Electron Microscopy is integrated as part of the Laboratory for Cell Biology of Prof. Dr. Uwe-G. Maier. (uni-marburg.de)
This new technology, created by researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, EMBL-EBI, DKFZ, the Science for Life Laboratory, and collaborators, uses hundreds of thousands of tiny fluorescent molecular probes to interrogate cellular DNA and RNA and scan large pieces of tissue using fluorescence microscopy. (dkfz.de)
Electron Microscopy Sciences also offers a comprehensive range of lab supplies and equipment for all fields of microscopy, histology and general laboratory research. (emsdiasum.com)
The electron microscopy experiments were performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. (cambridge.org)

Pupil filters for extending the field-of-view in light-sheet microscopy. (tudelft.nl)
At the CCI we give courses in light and electron microscopy as well as image analysis. (gu.se)
It is part of the Bloomsbury Consortium of Light and Electron Microscopy (BCLEM) and is housed on the main UCL campus where it brings UCL's large and vibrant community of biomedical researchers. (ucl.ac.uk)
A complete product catalog of the entire Diatome collection of Diamond knives, tools, and accessories for Electron and Light microscopy for Biological and Materials Science at room and cryo temperatures. (emsdiasum.com)
The method exploits the fact that biological tissue is mostly water, and it is this watery fraction, Tillberg explains, that is replaced by a "swellable hydrogel" that expands the sample to sizes that make it much easier to image with familiar fluorescent tags and standard light microscopy equipment. (asbmb.org)
[ 2 ] The spirochetes are too slender to be visualized in light microscopy wet mounts. (medscape.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Polarized light microscopy. (who.int)
Dongre A, Bhisey P, Khopkar U. Polarized light microscopy. (who.int)
Laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) can optically section thick tissues that are sufficiently transparent, do not strongly scatter light, and have low autofluorescence. (bath.ac.uk)
With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe. (bvsalud.org)

and calibrating the calibrant optical field and the secondary length, to the primary length to establish traceability of the secondary length to the International System of Units meter to perform critical-dimension localization microscopy. (nist.gov)
Critical-Dimension Localization Microscopy (CDLM) is a new calibration and measurement method that establishes SI-traceability of optical microscopy and enables subnanometer localization accuracy over a submillimeter field. (nist.gov)
Cerna is a modular microscopy platform for applications ranging from routine experiments to advanced optical systems. (thorlabs.com)
Since 2004, Delta Microscopies is a team of microscopists whose mission is to support you and offer you the best products dedicated to electron and optical microscopy at the best price. (deltamicroscopies.com)

This 3-week course is an introduction to electron microscopy (EM), ranging from a general theoretical and practical understanding of the technique to news advances and applications in the field. (rug.nl)
Microscopy Research Technique, 51 ,6-28. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we describe an accurate method for measurement and analysis of spine morphology based on structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and computational geometry in cultured neurons. (nature.com)
The SCHOTT VisiLED series is a range of advanced modular LED illumination products specially designed for stereo microscopy. (schott.com)
SURF incorporates state-of-the art Super Resolution modalities including Structure-illumination Microscopy (SIM), PALM, STORM and 3D-STED. (ucl.ac.uk)

Nowadays a deficit of local chemical or spectral information in AFM can be overcome by combining it with confocal Raman scattering microscopy [1, 2]. (ntmdt-si.com)
AFM, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM, single-pass and double pass methods) and AFM-Raman studies were performed with NT-MDT microscope NTEGRA Spectra. (ntmdt-si.com)

report for the first time the use of electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) for the study of aging in Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cathodes. (bruker.com)

Microscopy is an important tool for scientists in the study of cells, tissues, and organs. (nih.gov)
Cells were expanded ten-fold using the new ExM-variant method TREx (Ten-fold Robust Expansion) and imaged by confocal microscopy. (asbmb.org)
Microscopy was the basis for discovery of cells and microorganisms and for practically everything known about microphysiology and the biology of tissues. (labmanager.com)

The Italian Society for Microscopical Sciences and the CNR-IMM Institute organise the 6th edition of the Transmission Electron Microscopy School in Materials Science. (eurmicsoc.org)
The participants will be also given up-to-date information about best ways of sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy, and about recent transmission electron microscopy trends in biomedicine. (eurmicsoc.org)
The RMS EM Spring School aims to provide a basic training in both the theory and practice of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (eurmicsoc.org)
C-flat™ is the premier holey carbon grid for cryo-transmission electron microscopy. (emsdiasum.com)
Transmission electron microscopy of endocytic sites in F-actin binding mutants of S. cerevisiae suggest an absolute requirement for Vps1p to bind F-actin in order to generate directional propagation of an invaginations against the internal osmotic pressure of the cell. (dur.ac.uk)

The microscopy technician can provide assistance with microscope training, experimental setup and optimisation, and dealing with hardware/software issues. (sfu.ca)
3D Digital Microscope / KH-8700 Hirox-USA / www.hirox-usa.com Deepak Sharma, PhD, senior marketing manager at Bruker Nano Surfaces Division (Santa Barbara, CA), explains that 3-D microscopy has become an enabling technology in the manufacture of current-generation electronics, including microchips, displays, and MEMS (microelectromechanical systems). (labmanager.com)

Specifically, we present a GAN based training approach that is able to simultaneously 1) super-resolve, 2) denoise and 3) correct distortion on fast scanning acquisition microscopy images. (easychair.org)
Microscopy provides a mean to record root hairs as digital images. (researchgate.net)
However, quantifying root hairs in microscopy images remains a bottleneck because of a high degree of geometric complexity in their spatial arrangement. (researchgate.net)

Identify and resolve commonly encountered problems during routine microscopy procedures. (cdc.gov)
Only a provider may perform microscopy procedures under a Provider Performed Microscopy Procedure (PPMP) certificate. (jointcommission.org)

Our time-lapse confocal microscopy system can follow events in tissue cultures using various fluorescent probes for biological processes. (weizmann.ac.il)

Fortunately, microscopy is quickly evolving to support researchers as they drive discovery in the life sciences. (genengnews.com)
Made in Switzerland exclusively for Electron Microscopy Sciences, these tweezers are hand-selected by our experts for your specific requirements. (emsdiasum.com)
Microscopy originally captured the imaginations of scientists for its life sciences applications. (labmanager.com)

Diagnostic electron microscopy has two advantages over ance of vesicular lesions or respiratory illness in farm animals enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplifi- may be evidence of an emerging disease, a possible zoonosis, cation tests. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy58

Organisms14

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment78

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture12

Information Science9

Health Care3

Examination of the transverse tubular system in living cardiac rat myocytes by 2-photon microscopy and digital image-processing techniques. (1/4047)

Nuclear chromatin variations in human spermatozoa undergoing swim-up and cryopreservation evaluated by the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay. (2/4047)

The effect of mannitol versus dimethyl thiourea at attenuating ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to skeletal muscle. (3/4047)

Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. (4/4047)

Comparison of five methods of malaria detection in the outpatient setting. (5/4047)

Semi-nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of human malaria parasites and evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in Equatorial Guinea. (6/4047)

Rapid dendritic morphogenesis in CA1 hippocampal dendrites induced by synaptic activity. (7/4047)

Mound-cell movement and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. (8/4047)

Microscopy

Microscopy, Electron

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Microscopy, Confocal

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Microscopy, Atomic Force

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling

Microscopy, Video

Microscopy, Interference

Microscopy, Polarization

Microscopy, Phase-Contrast

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission

Microscopy, Scanning Probe

Fluorescent Dyes

Microscopy, Acoustic

Staining and Labeling

Cell Membrane

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Cells, Cultured

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Cell Line

Surface Properties

Immunohistochemistry

Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Time Factors

Freeze Fracturing

Molecular Sequence Data

Luminescent Proteins

Cytoplasm

Actins

Rabbits

Cell Nucleus

Particle Size

Microscopy, Ultraviolet

Photons

Gold

Microtomy

Histocytochemistry

Membrane Proteins

Holography

Microtubules

Nanotechnology

Cytoskeleton

Amino Acid Sequence

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Negative Staining

Protein Binding

Cryoultramicrotomy

Time-Lapse Imaging

Lasers

Epithelium

Protein Transport

Cattle

Nanoparticles

Organelles

Cytoplasmic Granules

Cornea

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Models, Molecular

Cell Adhesion

Freeze Etching

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Endocytosis

Blotting, Western

Nanostructures

Histological Techniques

Models, Biological

Epithelial Cells

Rhodamines

Electron Microscope Tomography

Sensitivity and Specificity

Aluminum Silicates

Electron Probe Microanalysis

HeLa Cells

Corrosion Casting