Microsatellite repeats. Medical search

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

The most common of the microsatellite tandem repeats (MICROSATELLITE REPEATS) dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes. They consist of two nucleotides repeated in tandem; guanine and thymine, (GT)n, is the most frequently seen.

Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.

Microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (INVERTED TANDEM REPEATS).

Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

An increased number of contiguous trinucleotide repeats in the DNA sequence from one generation to the next. The presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as FRAGILE X SYNDROME and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. Some CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES are composed of sequences where trinucleotide repeat expansion occurs.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

MutS homolog 2 protein is found throughout eukaryotes and is a homolog of the MUTS DNA MISMATCH-BINDING PROTEIN. It plays an essential role in meiotic RECOMBINATION and DNA REPAIR of mismatched NUCLEOTIDES.

The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.

An animal or plant species in danger of extinction. Causes can include human activity, changing climate, or change in predator/prey ratios.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The presence of an uncomplimentary base in double-stranded DNA caused by spontaneous deamination of cytosine or adenine, mismatching during homologous recombination, or errors in DNA replication. Multiple, sequential base pair mismatches lead to formation of heteroduplex DNA; (NUCLEIC ACID HETERODUPLEXES).

Protein motif that contains a 33-amino acid long sequence that often occurs in tandem arrays. This repeating sequence of 33-amino acids was discovered in ANKYRIN where it is involved in interaction with the anion exchanger (ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE). Ankyrin repeats cooperatively fold into domains that mediate molecular recognition via protein-protein interactions.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

A DNA repair pathway involved in correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. Excinucleases recognize the BASE PAIR MISMATCH and cause a segment of polynucleotide chain to be excised from the daughter strand, thereby removing the mismatched base. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

A sequential pattern of amino acids occurring more than once in the same protein sequence.

The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.

A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A type of mutation in which a number of NUCLEOTIDES deleted from or inserted into a protein coding sequence is not divisible by three, thereby causing an alteration in the READING FRAMES of the entire coding sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of MUTAGENS or may occur spontaneously.

A region of DNA that is highly polymorphic and is prone to strand breaks, rearrangements or other MUTATIONS because of the nature of its sequence. These regions often harbor palindromic, or repetitive sequences (REPETITIVE SEQUENCES, NUCLEIC ACID). Variability in stability of the DNA sequence is seen at CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."

Copies of nucleic acid sequence that are arranged in opposing orientation. They may lie adjacent to each other (tandem) or be separated by some sequence that is not part of the repeat (hyphenated). They may be true palindromic repeats, i.e. read the same backwards as forward, or complementary which reads as the base complement in the opposite orientation. Complementary inverted repeats have the potential to form hairpin loop or stem-loop structures which results in cruciform structures (such as CRUCIFORM DNA) when the complementary inverted repeats occur in double stranded regions.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An increase number of repeats of a genomic, tandemly repeated DNA sequence from one generation to the next.

An increased tendency of the GENOME to acquire MUTATIONS when various processes involved in maintaining and replicating the genome are dysfunctional.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Establishing the father relationship of a man and a child.

Nonrandom association of linked genes. This is the tendency of the alleles of two separate but already linked loci to be found together more frequently than would be expected by chance alone.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/8354)

The evolution of alterations on chromosome 9, including the putative tumor suppressor genes mapped to the 9p21-22 region (the MTS genes), was studied in relation to the progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia by using whole organ superimposed histologic and genetic mapping in cystectomy specimens and was verified in urinary bladder tumors of various pathogenetic subsets with longterm follow-up. The applicability of chromosome 9 allelic losses as non-invasive markers of urothelial neoplasia was tested on voided urine and/or bladder washings of patients with urinary bladder cancer. Although sequential multiple hits in the MTS locus were documented in the development of intraurothelial precursor lesions, the MTS genes do not seem to represent a major target for p21-23 deletions in bladder cancer. Two additional tumor suppressor genes involved in bladder neoplasia located distally and proximally to the MTS locus within p22-23 and p11-13 regions respectively were identified. Several distinct putative tumor suppressor gene loci within the q12-13, q21-22, and q34 regions were identified on the q arm. In particular, the pericentromeric q12-13 area may contain the critical tumor suppressor gene or genes for the development of early urothelial neoplasia. Allelic losses of chromosome 9 were associated with expansion of the abnormal urothelial clone which frequently involved large areas of urinary bladder mucosa. These losses could be found in a high proportion of urothelial tumors and in voided urine or bladder washing samples of nearly all patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. (+info)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/8354)

Recent studies have shown that patients whose bladder cancer exhibit overexpression of RB protein as measured by immunohistochemical analysis do equally poorly as those with loss of RB function. We hypothesized that loss of p16 protein function could be related to RB overexpression, since p16 can induce transcriptional downregulation of RB and its loss may lead to aberrant RB regulation. Conversely, loss of RB function has been associated with high p16 protein expression in several other tumor types. In the present study RB negative bladder tumors also exhibited strong nuclear p16 staining while each tumor with strong, homogeneous RB nuclear staining were p16 negative, supporting our hypothesis. To expand on these immunohistochemical studies additional cases were selected in which the status of the p16 encoding gene had been determined at the molecular level. Absent p16 and high RB protein expression was found in the tumors having loss of heterozygosity within 9p21 and a structural change (mutation or deletion) of the remaining p16 encoding gene allele, confirming the staining results. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the RB nuclear overexpression recently associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer is also associated with loss of p16 function and implies that loss of p16 function could be equally deleterious as RB loss in bladder and likely other cancers. (+info)

Multiple target sites of allelic imbalance on chromosome 17 in Barrett's oesophageal cancer. (3/8354)

Twelve Barrett's adenocarcinomas have been analysed for the occurrence of allelic imbalance (LOH) on chromosome 17 using 41 microsatellite markers. This study provides evidence for 13 minimal regions of LOH, six on 17p and seven on 17q. Four of these centre in the vicinity of the known tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) TP53 (17p13.1), NFI (17q11.2), BRCA1 (17q21.1), and a putative TSG (17p13.3). The tumours all displayed relatively small regions of LOH (1-10 cM), and in several tumours extensive regions of LOH were detected. One tumour displayed only two very small regions of LOH; 17p11.2 and 17p13.1. The frequency of allelic imbalance has been calculated based on the LOH encompassing only one minimal region, and based on all the LOH observations. By both evaluations the highest LOH frequencies were found for regions II (p53), III (17p13.1 centromeric to p53), IV (17p12), V (17p11.2) and VII (NF1, 17q11.2). Our data supports the existence of multiple TSGs on chromosome 17 and challenges the view that p53 is the sole target of LOH on 17p in Barrett's adenocarcinoma. (+info)

p73 at chromosome 1p36.3 is lost in advanced stage neuroblastoma but its mutation is infrequent. (4/8354)

p73, a novel p53 family member, is a recently identified candidate neuroblastoma (NBL) suppressor gene mapped at chromosome 1p36.33 and was found to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cell lines. To test the hypothesis that p73 is a NBL suppressor gene, we analysed the p73 gene in primary human NBLs. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for p73 was observed in 19% (28/151) of informative cases which included 92 mass-screening (MS) tumors. The high frequency of p73 LOH was significantly associated with sporadic NBLs (9% vs 34%, P<0.001), N-myc amplification (10% vs 71%, P<0.001), and advanced stage (14% vs 28%, P<0.05). Both p73alpha and p73beta transcripts were detectable in only 46 of 134 (34%) NBLs at low levels by RT-PCR methods, while they were easily detectable in most breast cancers and colorectal cancers under the same conditions. They found no correlation between p73 LOH and its expression levels (P>0.1). We found two mutations out of 140 NBLs, one somatic and one germline, which result in amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal region of p73 which may affect transactivation functions, though, in the same tumor samples, no mutation of the p53 gene was observed as reported previously. These results suggest that allelic loss of the p73 gene may be a later event in NBL tumorigenesis. However, p73 is infrequently mutated in primary NBLs and may hardly function as a tumor suppressor in a classic Knudson's manner. (+info)

Genomic organization of the KCNQ1 K+ channel gene and identification of C-terminal mutations in the long-QT syndrome. (5/8354)

The voltage-gated K+ channel KVLQT1 is essential for the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential and for K+ homeostasis in the inner ear. Mutations in the human KCNQ1 gene encoding the alpha subunit of the KVLQT1 channel cause the long-QT syndrome (LQTS). The autosomal dominant form of this cardiac disease, the Romano-Ward syndrome, is characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. The autosomal recessive form, the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, also includes bilateral deafness. In the present study, we report the entire genomic structure of KCNQ1, which consists of 19 exons spanning 400 kb on chromosome 11p15.5. We describe the sequences of exon-intron boundaries and oligonucleotide primers that allow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exons from genomic DNA. Two new (CA)n repeat microsatellites were found in introns 10 and 14. The present study provides helpful tools for the linkage analysis and mutation screening of the complete KCNQ1 gene. By use of these tools, five novel mutations were identified in LQTS patients by PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in the C-terminal part of KCNQ1: two missense mutations, a 20-bp and 1-bp deletions, and a 1-bp insertion. Such mutations in the C-terminal domain of the gene may be more frequent than previously expected, because this region has not been analyzed so far. This could explain the low percentage of mutations found in large LQTS cohorts. (+info)

Genomic structure and alterations of homeobox gene CDX2 in colorectal carcinomas. (6/8354)

Expression of CDX2, a caudal-related homeobox gene, was found to be decreased in colorectal carcinomas. Heterozygous null mutant mice as to Cdx2 develop multiple intestinal adenomatous polyps. To clarify the role of CDX2 in colorectal carcinogenesis, we determined its genomic structure, and searched for mutations of CDX2 in 49 sporadic colorectal carcinomas and ten hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC) without microsatellite instability. None of them exhibited a mutation. We further examined 19 HNPCC carcinomas with microsatellite instability for mutations in a (G)7 repeat site within CDX2. One of them (5.3%) exhibited one G insertion. Loss of heterozygosity was observed in 2 of the 20 (10%) informative sporadic carcinomas, and in one of the three (33.3%) informative HNPCC cancers. These data indicate that CDX2 may play only a minor role in colorectal carcinogenesis. (+info)

Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese. (7/8354)

Microsatellite instability (MI), the phenotypic manifestation of mismatch repair failure, is found in a proportion of gastric carcinomas. Little is known of the links between MI and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status and clinicopathological elements. Examination of genes mutated through the MI mechanism could also be expected to reveal important information on the carcinogenic pathway. Seventy-nine gastric carcinomas (61 EBV negative, 18 EBV positive) from local Hong Kong Chinese population, an intermediate-incidence area, were examined. Eight microsatellite loci, inclusive of the A10 tract of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor (TbetaR-II), were used to evaluate the MI status. MI in the BAX and insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) genes were also examined. High-level MI (>40% unstable loci) was detected in ten cases (12.7%) and low-level MI (1-40% unstable loci) in three (3.8%). High-level MI was detected in two EBV-associated cases (11%) and the incidence was similar for the EBV-negative cases (13%). The high-level MIs were significantly associated with intestinal-type tumours (P = 0.03) and a more prominent lymphoid infiltrate (P = 0.04). Similar associations were noted in the EBV-positive carcinomas. The high-level MIs were more commonly located in the antrum, whereas the EBV-associated carcinomas were mostly located in body. Thirteen cardia cases were negative for both high-level MI and EBV. All patients aged below 55 were MI negative (P = 0.049). Of the high-level MIs, 80% had mutation in TbetaR-II, 40% in BAX and 0% in IGF-IIR. Of low-level MIs, 33% also had TbetaR-II mutation. These mutations were absent in the MI-negative cases. Of three lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, two cases were EBV positive and MI negative, one case was EBV negative but with high-level MI. In conclusion, high-level MIs were present regardless of the EBV status, and were found in a particular clinicopathological subset of gastric carcinoma patient. Inactivation of important growth regulatory genes observed in these carcinomas confirms the importance of MI in carcinogenesis. (+info)

Characterization of a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat in Pasteurella haemolytica and its possible role in modulation of a novel type III restriction-modification system. (8/8354)

In a previous study, a recombinant plasmid that contains a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat was isolated from a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 library. Southern hybridization analysis using a (CACAG)5probe indicated the presence of two loci that contain the pentanucleotide repeats on the genome of P.haemolytica A1. Additional hybridization analyses against genomic DNA from related microorganisms indicated that the repeats are only present in P.haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi T3. The various serotypes of P.haemolytica werefound to have either one or two of the CACAG repeat-containing loci. Examination of the locus designated Rpt2 by PCR and sequence analysis indicated that the number of CACAG repeats could change upon serial subculture which most likely occurs as a result of DNA slipped-strand mispairing. A plasmid carrying the Rpt2 locus was isolated and characterized. Sequenceanalysis indicated that the CACAG repeats are contained within the 5'-end of a gene that showed homology to mod genes of type III restriction-modification systems. A second open reading frame downstream was identified which showed homology to res genes of type III restriction-modification systems. Both the modification and restriction proteins could be expressed and polypeptides of the expected sizes were detected by SDS-PAGE. Restriction activity could also be detected in crude cytoplasmic extracts of Escherichia coli strains carrying the mod and res genes on recombinant plasmids. (+info)

"Impeding Transcription of Expanded Microsatellite Repeats by Deactivated Cas9". Molecular Cell. 68 (3): 479-490.e5. doi:10.1016 ... CRISPR loci are composed of short, palindromic repeats that occur at regular intervals composed of alternate CRISPR repeats and ... Essentially, when multiple repeat codons are produced, it elicits a response, or recruits an abundance of dCas9 to combat the ... When the dCas9 attaches to a form of RNA called guide-RNA, it prevents the proliferation of repeating codons and DNA sequences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas9

short tandem repeat (STR) See microsatellite. shotgun sequencing silencer A region of DNA that can be bound by a repressor. ... copy-number variation (CNV) A phenomenon in which sections of a genome are repeated and the number of repeats varies between ... Contents: Top 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z tandem repeat A pattern within a nucleic acid sequence in ... TATA box A highly conserved non-coding DNA sequence containing a consensus of repeating T and A base pairs that is commonly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics

Arcot, Santosh S.; Wang, Zhenyuan; Weber, James L.; Deininger, Prescott L.; Batzer, Mark A. (September 1995). "Alu Repeats: A ... Source for the Genesis of Primate Microsatellites". Genomics. 29 (1): 136-144. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1224. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID ... Jurka, J; Smith, T (1988). "A fundamental division in the Alu family of repeated sequences". Proceedings of the National ... Deininger, Prescott L; Batzer, Mark A (1999). "Alu Repeats and Human Disease". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 67 (3): 183- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alu_element

Microsatellites in nuclear repeats require longer reads. The following sequencing platforms have been used in genome skimming: ... These repeats can be clustered de novo and their abundance is estimated. The distribution and occurrence of these repeat types ... and nuclear repeats such as microsatellites and transposable elements. It employs high-throughput, next generation sequencing ... Nuclear repeats in the genome are an underused source of phylogenetic data. When the nuclear genome is sequenced at 5% of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_skimming

Zak, Anatoly (28 November 2017). "Baumanets student micro-satellite repeats the sad fate of its predecessor". RussianSpaceWeb. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGATUSAT

Between the strand-biased microsatellite repeats and C:G mononucleotide repeats, all sequence variations retained one or two ... The most prevalent repeated sequences in the embedded microsatellite regions were CT:AG, CCT:AGG, CCCT:AGGG, and CGCAC:GTGCG ... Microsatellite expansion (trinucleotide repeat expansion) is often found in transcription units. Often the base pair repetition ... This sequence feature appeared between microsatellite repeats and C:G mononucleotides in all four of the strand-biased domains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_DNA

SNPSTR is a database of Snpstrs (a microsatellite with one or more tightly linked SNPs). Snpstr Short tandem repeat ... a database of compound microsatellite-SNP markers". Nucleic Acids Res. England. 35 (Database issue): D71-5. doi:10.1093/nar/ ... Microsatellite Single-nucleotide polymorphism Agrafioti, I; Stumpf M P H (Jan 2007). "SNPSTR: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snptstr_(database)

"Microsatellite tandem repeats are abundant in human promoters and are associated with regulatory elements". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): ... erratum) Emmanuel Buschiazzo; Neil J Gemmell (1 October 2006). "The rise, fall and renaissance of microsatellites in eukaryotic ... Sterling M Sawaya; Andrew T Bagshaw; Emmanuel Buschiazzo; Neil J Gemmell (1 January 2012). "Promoter microsatellites as ... cost-effective development of species-specific microsatellite markers by genomic sequencing". BioTechniques. 46 (3): 185-192. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gemmell

A third-related finding is that frequent selection for different responses also enriches for microsatellite repeat tracts, ... His lab's work also elucidated how a mutational mechanism (microsatellite repeat slippage) plays a significant evolutionary ... Brittain, A; Stroebele, E; Erives, A (2015). "Microsatellite repeat instability fuels evolution of embryonic enhancers in ... As indels are largely produced by unstable microsatellite repeats, which are fast-evolving and difficult to genotype accurately ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Erives

Microsatellite regions are usually characterized by short, repeated sequences of nucleotides. Primers that are specific to a ... A microsatellite null allele is an allele at a microsatellite locus that does not amplify to detectable levels in a polymerase ... Paetkau, D.; Strobeck, C. (1995-08-01). "The molecular basis and evolutionary history of a microsatellite null allele in bears ... 416 (6882). Dakin, E E; Avise, J C (2004-08-04). "Microsatellite null alleles in parentage analysis". Heredity. 93 (5): 504-509 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_allele

Microsatellites are repeats of 1-6 base pairs of DNA sequence. Microsatellites are commonly used as a molecular markers ... "Difference Between Minisatellite and Microsatellite". Hou, S.-M. (2002-04-01). "The XPD variant alleles are associated with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_polymorphism

The microsatellite (AGAT)8 is strongly repeated near the Y chromosome centromere. The Y chromosome also contains the (AC)15 ... "Karyotypic analysis and FISH mapping of microsatellite motifs reveal highly differentiated XX/XY sex chromosomes in the pink- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink-tailed_worm-lizard

... microsatellite repeats. They have attempted and succeeded in using this technique to isolate an amount of six microsatellite ... "Vectorette PCR isolation of microsatellite repeat sequences using anchored dinucleotide repeat primers". Nucleic Acids Research ... Further research has experimented with the creation of a method that progresses the isolation of microsatellite repeats. By ... Vectorette PCR was used to uncover SSRs which flank the trinucleotide repeat that was targeted for testing. This is also known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorette_PCR

However, there is no evidence of preferential transmission of AVPR1A microsatellite repeats to hypersexual or uninhibited ... The AVPR1A repeat polymorphism RS3 is a complex (CT)4-TT-(CT)8-(GT)24 repeat that is 3625 bp upstream of the transcription ... The AVPR1A repeat polymorphism RS1 is a (GATA)14 tetranucleotide repeat that is 553 bp upstream from the transcription start ... Chimpanzees populations have individuals with single (only (GT)25 microsatellite) and duplicated (the (GT)25 microsatellite as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_1A

Some families of Helitrons also carry tandem repeats, like microsatellites and minisatellites which are generally highly ... De novo repeat identification approaches which can be used to build consensus libraries of all repeated sequences, but De novo ... A repeat-based search requires extensive manual curation to identify Helitron families, an overwhelming task in large genomes ... These approaches are limited by the quality of the genome assembly and the homogeneity of the repeats. Another approach is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helitron_(biology)

... genes with somatic frameshift mutations within coding mononucleotide repeats in colorectal tumors with high microsatellite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGS12

These diseases are all caused by the expansion of microsatellite tandem repeats consisting of a stretch of three nucleotides. ... Prominent trinucleotide repeat disorders include Fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease. In the case of Fragile X syndrome ... Individuals with a number of repeats that falls in the premutation range have a good chance of having affected children. Those ... With each successive generation, there is a chance that the number of repeats will expand. As this occurs, progeny can progress ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance

"Mutation Rate in Human Microsatellites: Influence of the Structure and Length of the Tandem Repeat". Am J Hum Genet. 62 (6): ... DNA length mutations of repetitive DNA (such as telomeres and microsatellites), caused by cellular copying errors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternal_age_effect

2001.Characterization of duck microsatellite repeat sequences. JARQ 35(4): 217-219. (in Indonesian) Sari L, Purwadaria T. 2004 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balai_Penelitian_Ternak,_Ciawi,_Bogor

Zenklusen JC, Bièche I, Lidereau R, Conti CJ (December 1994). "(C-A)n microsatellite repeat D7S522 is the most commonly deleted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST7

Patel MS, Mankoo BS, Brickell PM (Apr 1992). "A polymorphic microsatellite repeat is located close to the promoter region of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGR_(gene)

... and microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Minisatellites ... Microsatellite Tandem repeat Telomere Minisatellite at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Tawn ... Repeat turnover therefore appears to be controlled by recombinational activity in DNA that flanks the repeat array and results ... with many repeated copies lying next to each other. Minisatellites and their shorter cousins, the microsatellites, together are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minisatellite

Short tandem repeats (about 5 base pairs) are called microsatellites, while longer ones are called minisatellites. The recent ... A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) is the variation of length of a tandem repeat. A tandem repeat is the adjacent ... Tandem repeats exist on many chromosomes, and their length varies between individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

Short repeats of nucleotides. Microsatellite: Very short repeats of nucleotides. Some trinucleotide repeats are found in coding ... Repeated sequences are of two basic types: unique sequences that are repeated in one area; and repeated sequences that are ... This region is a microsatellite, but its function is more specific than a simple tandem repeat. Throughout the eukaryotic ... They can be classified based on the length of the repeat as: SINE: Short interspersed sequences. The repeats are normally a few ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_chromosome_fine_structure

Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) are a type of MSI where loci containing AAAG or ... Nakajima E, Orimo H, Ikejima M, Shimada T (1996). "Nine-bp repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the hMSH3 gene". Jpn. J. Hum. Genet ... This leads to a heightened rate of microsatellite instabilities and increased rates of somatic mutations. This effect is ... 2000). "Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the hMSH3 gene and sporadic colon cancer with microsatellite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSH3

... tandem repeats, microsatellites) are prone to strand slippage during DNA replication and DNA repair. Trinucleotide repeat ... In long repeats, expansions may involve two or more units. For example, insertion of a single repeat unit in GAGAGA expands the ... Tandem repeats (the main influence for slippage replication) can be found in coding and non-coding regions. If these repeats ... In the event that a slippage event occurs there can be a large expansion in the tandem repeats of the HD gene. An individual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipped_strand_mispairing

Smaller k-mers also have the problem of not being able to resolve areas in the DNA where small microsatellites or repeats occur ... This is because most of the k-mers will sit in the repeated region and may just be discarded as repeats of the same k-mer ... Larger k-mer sizes help alleviate the problem of small repeat regions. This is due to the fact that the k-mer will contain a ... This is because smaller k-mers will tend to sit entirely within the repeat region and is therefore hard to determine the amount ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-mer

... he developed Simple Sequence Repeats (Microsatellites) for Echinochloa species as a Visiting Scientist at the Long Ashton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Yirenkyi_Danquah

1995). "Mapping of the pulmonary surfactant SP5 (SFTP2) locus to 8p21 and characterization of a microsatellite repeat marker ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant_protein_C

Single or repeated krlee or similar component of calls used in other circumstances, but this can be very variable. Alarm calls ... Hailer, F., Gautschi, B., & Helander, B. (2005). Development and multiplex PCR amplification of novel microsatellite markers in ... Studies of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA in white-tailed eagles from north-central Europe have shown that the recovering ... This may be repeated or gain intensity until they are talon-grappling or "mutual cartwheeling", consisting of the pair locking ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_eagle

... tandem repeat），可再依單元序列的長短分為衛星序列（satellite）、小衛星序列（minisatellite）和微衛星序列（microsatellite）；分佈較為分散的是

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/分子演化

... making repeated treatments unnecessary.[49] This approach to locust control was used in Tanzania in 2009 to treat around 10,000 ... A worldwide survey in a pest plagued by microsatellite null alleles". Molecular Ecology. 17 (16): 3640-3653. doi:10.1111/j.1365 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locusts

Pang H, Soejima M, Koda Y, Kimura H (2005). "A novel tetrameric short tandem repeat located in the 3' flanking region of the ... within the microsatellite genetic map of chromosome 19". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 71 (2): 158-62. doi:10.1159/000134098. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FUT2

A Xenon Resistojet Propulsion System for Microsatellites (Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey) ... Aerobraking allows a spacecraft to reduce the high point of an elliptical orbit by repeated brushes with the atmosphere at the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion

Dodd's experiment has been easy for others to repeat. It has also been done with other fruit flies and foods.[53] ... Microsatellite variation and evolution of human lactase persistence. Human Genetics 117(4): 329-339. ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved

A repeat indicator that was designed to be used for repeating messages over obstacles by relay devices. ... ORBCOMM and Luxspace launched the Vesselsat AIS microsatellites, one in an equatorial orbit and the other in a polar orbit ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_identification_system

Over 41,000 goats were removed during the initial hunting effort (1971-82).[145] This process was repeated until only the " ... Ciofi, Claudio; Milinkovitch, Michel C.; Gibbs, James P.; Caccone, Adalgisa; Powell, Jeffrey R. (2002). "Microsatellite ... and the repeated action over many generations has formed half-sphere depressions in the rock.[39] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galápagos_tortoise

For other abnormalities, the colonoscopy can be repeated after 1 year. Routine PET or ultrasound scanning, chest X-rays, ... a survey of current practices and re-evaluation of the role of microsatellite instability testing". Modern Pathology. 31 (11): ... If a villous polyp, a polyp ,1 centimeter or high grade dysplasia is found, it can be repeated after 3 years, then every 5 ... Mismatch repair (MMR) deficient tumours are characterized by a relatively high amount of poly-nucleotide tandem repeats.[45] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_cancer

Trinucleotide repeats are classified as insertion mutations[2][3] and sometimes as a separate class of mutations.[4] ... This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping. Insertions can be anywhere in size from one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_

This led to repeated misrepresentations or misconceptions in journalistic accounts on the topic. Popular science presentations ... a study of Y chromosome microsatellites.", Mol Biol Evol, 16 (12): 1791-98, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026091, PMID ... But the concept of Eve caught on with the public and was repeated in a Newsweek cover story (11 January 1988 issue featured a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve

"A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping". 2002. Proceedings of the National Academy of ... ingl The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated Cas9/sgRNA system, CRISPR) on bakteriaalsest ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneetiliselt_muundatud_toit

... mutation rates vary with base position relative to the microsatellite, repeat type, and base identity.[17] ... Microsatellite enrichment). The oligonucleotide probe hybridizes with the repeat in the microsatellite, and the probe/ ... microsatellite mutations lead to the gain or loss of an entire repeat unit, and sometimes two or more repeats simultaneously. ... Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy, or as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_tandem_repeats

It was proposed as a distinct subspecies on the basis of mtDNA and micro-satellite sequences that differs from the Indochinese ... It was found to have similar repeat composition to other cat genomes and an appreciably conserved synteny.[23] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger

Tandem repeats. *Satellite DNA. *Variable number tandem repeat/Minisatellite. *Short tandem repeat/Microsatellite ( ... De novo repeat identification[edit]. De novo repeat identification is an initial scan of sequence data that seeks to find the ... This method works best for tandem repeats, but can be used for dispersed repeats as well. However, it is a slow process, making ... Some k-mer approach programs use the k-mer as a base, and extend both ends of each repeated k-mer until there is no more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposable_elements

Li, YC; Korol, AB, Fahima, T, Beiles, A, Nevo, E (2002 Dec). "Microsatellites: genomic distribution, putative functions and ... "Comparative Genomics and Molecular Dynamics of DNA Repeats in Eukaryotes". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 72 (4): ... Schlötterer, C (2000 Dec). "Microsatellite analysis indicates genetic differentiation of the neo-sex chromosomes in Drosophila ... "Characterization and Repeat Analysis of the Compact Genome of the Freshwater Pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis". Genome ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoma

... at isang pagkakaibang microsatellite sa mga populasyon sa Europe, Japan, Australia, middle East at Atlantic islands.[242] ... pilohenetiko ay lumalapat din sa sobrang lawak na uri ng mga walang silbing elementong sekwensiya kabilang ang repeats, ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebolusyon

... microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA) study to date (2016) which found high divergence between Rocky Mountain and Sierra Nevada ... horns can frequently exhibit damage from repeated clashes.[24] Females exhibit a stable, nonlinear hierarchy that correlates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big-horn_sheep

Methods frequently include using microsatellites to determine gene flow and hybridization between populations. The development ... Metapopulation structure and the repeated extinctions and recolonizations can significantly affect a population's genetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_ecology

... inferred with mtDNA and microsatellite loci". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (2): 556-564. doi:10.1016/j.ympev. ... Competitions were held where bets were placed on which caged chaffinch would repeat its song the greatest number of times. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaffinch

Within these new patches (sub-clones), the process may have been repeated multiple times, indicated by the still smaller ... 2004). "Frequent inactivation of PTEN by promoter hypermethylation in microsatellite instability-high sporadic colorectal ... Microsatellite shifts[30] and instability,[37] loss of heterozygosity (LOH),[35] Copy number variation (detected both by ... taking repeated tumor biopsies from patients as they develop resistance to these drugs would help to understand the tumor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_evolution_in_cancer

Within these new patches (sub-clones), the process may be repeated multiple times, indicated by the still smaller patches ... "Increased microsatellite instability and epigenetic inactivation of the hMLH1 gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". ... Of polyps less than 10mm in size, found during colonoscopy and followed with repeat colonoscopies for 3 years, 25% were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

This process is repeated many times, and is usually repeated a higher number of times when used with ancient DNA. Some issues ... Microsatellite DNA, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELS) have shown that Nilo- ... "low diversity of lineage-associated Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) haplotypes" provide evidence for a "recent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeogenetics

DNA-based- Including microsatellites (also known as short tandem repeats, STRs, or simple sequence repeats, SSRs), restriction ... such as a short tandem repeat) may present as the most realistic option. ... "A Review of Microsatellite Markers and Their Applications in Rice Breeding Programs to Improve Blast Disease Resistance". Int ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_breeding

... genes with somatic frameshift mutations within coding mononucleotide repeats in colorectal tumors with high microsatellite ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGS12

... and the results for microsatellite short tandem repeat sequences (Y-STRs). The UEP results represent the inheritance of events ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype

This finding, together with the higher R1a-associated short tandem repeat diversity in India and Iran compared with Europe and ... The high variance of R1a1 in India (table 12), the spatial frequency distribution of R1a1 microsatellite variance clines (fig. ... which increases the likelihood of diversification and microsatellite variation.[37][38] According to Sengupta et al. (2006), "[ ... "The effective mutation rate at Y chromosome short tandem repeats, with application to human population-divergence time" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a_

STR is short tandem repeats which are short DNA regions in the genome and are 2-6 base pairs in length. STR is common in ... Statistical analyses are used in assignment tests based on an individual's microsatellites or Amplified Fragment Length ... Friction ridge paths and the details in small areas of friction ridges are unique and never repeated. ... "nature never repeats," originating from the father of social statistics, Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet. The belief was ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_identification

analyzed King cherry and Yoshino cherry with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and sequence analysis of two ... yedoensis by Microsatellite Markers". Breeding Science. 57: 1-6. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.57.1. natural hybridization either in the ... "Characterization of wild Prunus yedoensis analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat and chloroplast DNA". Scientia Horticulturae ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_×_nudiflora

Microsatellite repeats synonyms, Microsatellite repeats pronunciation, Microsatellite repeats translation, English dictionary ... definition of Microsatellite repeats. n. 1. A short sequence of DNA consisting of multiple repetitions of a set of two to nine ... redirected from Microsatellite repeats). Also found in: Medical.. Related to Microsatellite repeats: Simple Sequence Repeat mi· ... Microsatellite repeats - definition of Microsatellite repeats by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/ ...

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Microsatellite+repeats

In humans, COL1A2 contains two microsatellite loci: one located at the 5-flanking region is composed of poly CA and poly CG; ... Among the 15 haplotypes, 12 have a mutation at position 2284C,G and 7 at position 2292C,G. Insertions of repeated dinucleotide ... Methods: In this study, repeated dinucleotide GTn of intron 1 COL1A2 was highlighted in 55 patients with uterine fibroids (UF ... Results: Based on reference microsatellite pattern (GT)14CT(GT)3CT(GT)3, 15 haplotypes were found. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2019.00810/full

Associations of Microsatellite Repeats with chemical compounds. *We present microsatellite DNA evidence for the hypothesis that ... Gene context of Microsatellite Repeats. *In yeast, mutations in several genes, including RTH and MSH3, cause microsatellite ... High impact information on Microsatellite Repeats. *A microsatellite, DG10S478, within intron 3 of the transcription factor 7- ... diagnostic and therapeutic context of Microsatellite Repeats. *Haplotyping for these highly polymorphic microsatellites in ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/17206.html

Evaluation of tumor microsatellite instability using five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeats and pentaplex PCR. Download ... T25 repeat in the 3 untranslated region of the CASP2 gene: a sensitive and specific marker for microsatellite instability in ... Detection of microsatellite instability in endometrial cancer: advantages of a panel of five mononucleotide repeats over the ... Evaluation of tumor microsatellite instability using five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeats and pentaplex PCR.. ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/12454837/Evaluation_of_tumor_microsatellite_instability_using_five_quasimonomorphic_mononucleotide_repeats_and_pentaplex_PCR_

What is Microsatellite repeats? Meaning of Microsatellite repeats medical term. What does Microsatellite repeats mean? ... Looking for online definition of Microsatellite repeats in the Medical Dictionary? Microsatellite repeats explanation free. ... microsatellite. (redirected from Microsatellite repeats). Also found in: Dictionary.. Related to Microsatellite repeats: Simple ... and identify microsatellite repeats. Microsatellites were identified as motifs repeated at least five times.. Development and ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Microsatellite+repeats

If the repeat is equal to or less than 6 bases, NTRs are named microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs). One ... are repeating sequences of multi-base segments of DNA. ... One common example of a microsatellite is a (CA)n repeat, where ... If the repeat is equal to or less than 6 bases, NTRs are named microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs). ... Because microsatellites are polymorphic DNA loci present throughout the genome, microsatellite genotyping is a widely accepted ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/za/en/home/life-science/sequencing/fragment-analysis/microsatellite-marker-analysis/microsatellite-short-tandem-repeat-str-analysis.html

Suggested molecular mechanisms for the generation of new tandem repeats of simple sequences indicate that the microsatellite ... Dynamics of Repeat Polymorphisms Under a Forward-Backward Mutation Model: Within- and Between-Population Variability at ... Dynamics of Repeat Polymorphisms Under a Forward-Backward Mutation Model: Within- and Between-Population Variability at ... Dynamics of Repeat Polymorphisms Under a Forward-Backward Mutation Model: Within- and Between-Population Variability at ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/143/1/549?ijkey=8ee9997a07927656152836608adb558c9347e44a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

454 pyrosequencing was used to discover repeat motifs, and seven polymorphic microsatellite-primer sets were identified. The ... These microsatellites can be utilized in studies of genetic structure, genetic diversity, and intra- and inter-subspecific ... We developed tetranucleotide-repeat microsatellite markers for the masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) complex. ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/11/23153/notes

Microsatellite instability was infrequent in this series of ovarian tumors, and it was limited to endometrioid and clear cell ... Microsatellite instability analysis was assessed by evaluating three (CA)n dinucleotide repeats (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250) and ... Microsatellite instability, MLH-1 promoter hypermethylation, and frameshift mutations at coding mononucleotide repeat ... Results: Microsatellite instability was identified in only 2 of the 52 (3.8%) tumors of the initial series (1 endometrioid and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11753956/?dopt=Abstract

Leng L., Siu E., Bucala R. (2020) Genotyping Two Promoter Polymorphisms in the MIF Gene: A −794 CATT5-8 Microsatellite Repeat ... Genotyping Two Promoter Polymorphisms in the MIF Gene: A −794 CATT5-8 Microsatellite Repeat and a −173 G/C SNP. ... Zhong X, Leng L, Beitin A et al (2005) Simulaneous detection of microsatellite repeats and SNPs in the macrophage migration ... A variable nucleotide tandem repeat at position −794 comprises five to eight CATT repeats (referred to henceforth by numbers ...

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-9936-1_7

Fremeshift mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats of AXIN2 and RIZ in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability. ... Fremeshift mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats of AXIN2 and RIZ in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability ... Fremeshift mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats of AXIN2 and RIZ in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability ... Fremeshift mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats of AXIN2 and RIZ in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability ...

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/64/7_Supplement/210.4

Microsatellite Instability Causes Repeat Expansion and WRN Dependence Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you ... Cells with MSI accumulate unstable, structure-forming (TA)n repeats resolvable by the helicase WRN. ...

https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2020/10/16/2159-8290.CD-RW2020-149?cdnewslink_th

To study the occurrence of microsatellites and their inheritance in maize, a search was made of 280 maize GenBank sequences. ... also called simple sequence repeats (SSRs), have yielded an important class of DNA markers most notable for mapping mammalian ... Mapping maize microsatellites and polymerase chain reaction confirmation of the targeted repeats using a CT primer Genome. 1993 ... Microsatellites, also called simple sequence repeats (SSRs), have yielded an important class of DNA markers most notable for ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7903654/?dopt=Abstract

... Lowe, Michael R.; Graham, J; Sund ... The aim of our study was to relate the polymorphic (AT)(n) microsatellite in the 3 untranslated sequence of the CTLA-4 gene to ... The aim of our study was to relate the polymorphic (AT)(n) microsatellite in the 3 untranslated sequence of the CTLA-4 gene to ... The aim of our study was to relate the polymorphic (AT)(n) microsatellite in the 3 untranslated sequence of the CTLA-4 gene to ...

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/8be6ed91-fde0-42c0-8856-b5903bfbb308

Identification and characterisation of thirteen new microsatellites for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) from a repeat-enriched ... Identification and characterisation of thirteen new microsatellites for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) from a repeat-enriched ... Identification and characterisation of thirteen new microsatellites for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) from a repeat-enriched ...

https://nofima.no/publikasjon/377000/

... microsatellite repeats Remove constraint Subject: microsatellite repeats Start Over ... Macrocystis pyrifera; alleles; ecology; genomic libraries; loci; macroalgae; microsatellite repeats; population genetics; ... We report the isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci to study the population genetics of the giant kelp, ... Markers were obtained by screening a genomic library enriched for microsatellite motifs. Of the 37 primer pairs defined, 16 ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bjournal_name%5D%5B%5D=Conservation+genetics&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=loci&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=microsatellite+repeats&q=%22Coelho%2C+Nelson+C.%22&search_field=author&sort=date-desc

Microsatellites or Short Tandem Repeats (STR). Microsatellites or Short Tandem Repeats (STR). 11 March 2015. da admin Leave a ... Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are regions of the genome composed of approximately 1-5 bases and repeated up to 17 times. STR ... two or more adjacent repeats) or complex (several different length repeats). They are found on 22 autosomal chromosomes as well ... Though there have been thousands of short tandem repeats found in the human genome, only a small number are utilised in ...

http://www.scenacriminis.com/forensic-sciences/microsatellites-or-short-tandem-repeats-str/

N2 - Colorectal cancers (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) have clinical, pathologic, genetic, and epigenetic features ... title = "An A13 repeat within the 3′-untranslated region of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in ... T1 - An A13 repeat within the 3′-untranslated region of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in ... An A13 repeat within the 3′-untranslated region of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/an-a13-repeat-within-the-3-untranslated-region-of-epidermal-growt-4

Microsatellites containing more than 9 GGAA repeats are very significantly enriched in EWS-FLI1 immunoprecipitates. Moreover, ... Importantly, in vivo EWS-FLI1-bound microsatellites are significantly associated with EWS-FLI1-driven gene activation. Put ... in reporter gene experiments, the transcription activation is highly dependent upon the number of repeats that are included in ... together, these results point out the likely contribution of microsatellite elements to long-distance transcription regulation ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004932

Microsatellite mutation rates vary with base position relative to the microsatellite, repeat type, and base identity.[17] ... Microsatellite enrichment). The oligonucleotide probe hybridizes with the repeat in the microsatellite, and the probe/ ... microsatellite mutations lead to the gain or loss of an entire repeat unit, and sometimes two or more repeats simultaneously. ... Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy, or as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_tandem_repeats

Microsatellite repeat discovery. SPUTNIK detected 10,272 repeats of between two and five bases with five or more repeat units ... Microsatellite repeat discovery. Microsatellite markers remain an informative and cost-effective tool for small scale ... To detect repeats which may be screened to find polymorphic microsatellite markers in the great tit, a modified version of ... Microsatellites detected in the great tit transcriptome. an excel table listing repeats detected in the great tit assembly. ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-12-283

... microsatellite repeats Remove constraint Subject: microsatellite repeats Start Over ... genetic analysis, etc ; cucumbers; fruit quality; fruits; inbred lines; loci; marker-assisted selection; microsatellite repeats ... genetic analysis, etc ; Lycaon pictus; dogs; genetic variation; heterozygosity; inbreeding; microsatellite repeats; national ... genetic analysis, etc ; endangered species; genetic variation; genotyping; heterozygosity; microsatellite repeats; pioneer ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7981-2019&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=genetic+analysis&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=microsatellite+repeats&q=%22genetic+analysis%22&search_field=subject&sort=title

Prevalence of elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.. ... Prevalence of elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ... Prevalence of elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ... Tumors not expressing MSH3 show elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST). EMAST ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=180390

Frameshift mutations at coding mononucleotide repeat microsatellites in endometrial carcinoma with microsatellite instability. ... Frameshift mutations at coding mononucleotide repeat microsatellites in endometrial carcinoma with microsatellite instability ... Overall, frameshift mutations at i or more of these mononucleotide repeat microsatellites were found in 17 of 24 MI+ tumors ( ... Overall, frameshift mutations at i or more of these mononucleotide repeat microsatellites were found in 17 of 24 MI+ tumors ( ...

https://iris.uniroma1.it/handle/11573/78555

... that contains a CA microsatellite repeat that is highly polymorphic, with up to 6 alleles with 12 homozygotic CA repeats ... microsatellite repeat provided by a negative link the hallmark T(H)1 cytokine. , ...

https://faroucheombre.wordpress.com/2007/05/01/microsatellite-repeat-provided-by-a-negative-link-the-hallmark-th1-cytokine-2/

... microsatellite repeats; phase transition; pioneer factor; prion-like domains ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28844694?dopt=Abstract

Frameshift Mutations at Coding Mononucleotide Repeats of the hRAD50 Gene in Gastrointestinal Carcinomas with Microsatellite ... Microsatellite instability (MSI) and frameshift mutations in genes containing nucleotide repeats have been reported in a subset ... Frameshift Mutations at Coding Mononucleotide Repeats of the hRAD50 Gene in Gastrointestinal Carcinomas with Microsatellite ... Frameshift Mutations at Coding Mononucleotide Repeats of the hRAD50 Gene in Gastrointestinal Carcinomas with Microsatellite ...

https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/142826

keywords = "Legumes, Microsatellite, Pea, Phylogeny, Repeat variation, Retrotransposon",. author = "P. Sm{\y}kal and R. ... Evolutionary conserved lineage of Angela-family retrotransposons as a genome-wide microsatellite repeat dispersal agent. / ... T1 - Evolutionary conserved lineage of Angela-family retrotransposons as a genome-wide microsatellite repeat dispersal agent ... Evolutionary conserved lineage of Angela-family retrotransposons as a genome-wide microsatellite repeat dispersal agent. ...

https://research.nu.edu.kz/en/publications/evolutionary-conserved-lineage-of-angela-family-retrotransposons-

When microsatellites are isolated using standard SSR enrichment protocols and primers designed at complementary repeated ... UTR in over 190 microsatellite markers from 22 lepidopteran species, accounting for 10% of the lepidopteran microsatellites in ... Previous studies identified sequences flanking simple sequence repeat (SSR) units that are shared among many lepidopteran ... Developing lepidopteran microsatellite DNA markers can be problematical, as markers often exhibit multiple banding patterns and ...

https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-10-144

... single repeat mutations in microsatellites. Diseases such as myotonic dystrophy and Huntingtons disease are caused by repeat ... REPEAT EXPANSION. Mutation in a repeat tract that increases the number of repeats by a large amount and that may cause a ... MICROSATELLITE (SYNOMYN, SHORT TANDEM REPEAT, STR). DNA segment consisting in the repetition 5-50 times of a motif 1-6 ... DNA polymerases tend to "slip" when copying microsatellite tracts, adding or subtracting repeat units. Given their high ...

https://jech.bmj.com/content/57/6/398.full

The microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype is a characteristic of the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome as well as approximately 15% of sporadic colon and gastric tumors. (unboundmedicine.com)
Gastrointestinal tumors with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defects show microsatellite instability (MSI) and harbor frameshift mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats of cancer-related genes. (aacrjournals.org)
Microsatellite instability (MI) is frequent in endometrial carcinomas (ECs), but its occurrence in ovarian tumors is uncertain. (nih.gov)
Microsatellite instability positive ECs frequently are associated with frameshift mutations in coding mononucleotide tracts in IGFIIR, BAX, hMSH6, and hMSH3. (nih.gov)
Microsatellite instability analysis was assessed by evaluating three (CA)n dinucleotide repeats (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250) and two mononucleotide tracts (BAT 25 and BAT 26). (nih.gov)
Microsatellite instability was identified in only 2 of the 52 (3.8%) tumors of the initial series (1 endometrioid and 1 clear cell carcinoma). (nih.gov)
Microsatellite instability was infrequent in this series of ovarian tumors, and it was limited to endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas. (nih.gov)
Colorectal cancers (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) have clinical, pathologic, genetic, and epigenetic features distinct from microsatellite-stable CRC. (elsevier.com)
EMAST and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) were analyzed using five polymorphic tetranucleotide markers and five mononucleotide markers, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Microsatellite instability (MI) is a frequent occurrence in endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium (EC). (uniroma1.it)
Microsatellite instability (MSI) and frameshift mutations in genes containing nucleotide repeats have been reported in a subset of colorectal and gastric carcinomas. (yonsei.ac.kr)
Microsatellite instability is found most often in colorectal cancer, other types of gastrointestinal cancer, and endometrial cancer. (cancer.gov)
Knowing whether cancer is microsatellite instability high may help plan the best treatment. (cancer.gov)
We conducted the present study to evaluate whether systemic chemotherapy could produce microsatellite instability (MSI) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and length changes in short tandem repeat DNA sequences [microsatellite instability (MSI)] are inconsistent. (aacrjournals.org)
There are at least three pathways to colon cancer: chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype. (aacrjournals.org)
Microsatellite repeat instability and neurological disease. (semanticscholar.org)
Quantitative Analysis of the Rates for Repeat-Mediated Genome Instability in a Yeast Experimental System. (harvard.edu)
We examined the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozigosity (LOH) in matched pair samples (tumoral and normal) of 24 patients with less aggressive types (smoldering and chronic) and in aggressive types (acute and lymphoma) of ATL. (nih.gov)
Assessment of microsatellite instability-MSI (a) and loss of heterozigosity-LOH (b) in patients with adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). (nih.gov)
a2) Patient showing allelic shift in tumor sample indicating the presence of microsatellite instability (D10S191 marker-case 8). (nih.gov)
a3) Patient showing a novel allele in tumoral sample indicating the presence of microsatellite instability (marker D11S1391 - case 15). (nih.gov)
An alternative RNA-mediated toxicity arises from microsatellite repeat instability in the human genome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The human genome has 50-100,000 microsatellite loci. (thefreedictionary.com)
Because microsatellites are polymorphic DNA loci present throughout the genome, microsatellite genotyping is a widely accepted tool for a variety of research applications such as linkage mapping studies, association studies, and identification of organisms. (thermofisher.com)
Suggested molecular mechanisms for the generation of new tandem repeats of simple sequences indicate that the microsatellite loci evolve via some form of forward-backward mutation. (genetics.org)
Application of this measure to data on 18 microsatellite loci in nine human populations leads to evolutionary trees consistent with the known ethnohistory of the populations. (genetics.org)
We report the isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci to study the population genetics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. (usda.gov)
A detailed examination of 45 pea (Pisum sativum L.) simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci revealed that 21 of them included homologous sequences corresponding to the long terminal repeat (LTR) of a novel retrotransposon. (edu.kz)
Recently we cloned and sequenced the first eight Trypanosoma cruzi polymorphic microsatellite loci and studied 31 clones and strains to obtain valuable information about the population structure of the parasite. (fiocruz.br)
Recently, we cloned and sequenced the first eight T. cruzi polymorphic microsatellite loci and studied 31 clones and strains to obtain valuable information about the population structure of the parasite (Oliveira et al. (fiocruz.br)
PCR amplification and detection of microsatellite alleles - The microsatellite loci analyzed are shown in Table I . Primers sequences have been published previously (Oliveira et al. (fiocruz.br)
Comparison of microsatellite and antigen-coding loci for differentiating recrudescing Plasmodium falciparum infections from reinfections in Kenya. (biomedsearch.com)
We have compared the ability of five Plasmodium falciparum microsatellites and three antigen-coding loci to differentiate recrudescence from reinfection. (biomedsearch.com)
Overall, microsatellite loci revealed significantly higher expected heterozygosity and multiplicity of infection levels than antigen-coding loci. (biomedsearch.com)
The mean expected heterozygosity across all loci in the three populations was significantly higher with microsatellites (0.70, 0.78 and 0.79) than antigen-coding loci (0.53, 0.60 and 0.62) for Mwea, Tiwi and Bondo areas, respectively. (biomedsearch.com)
To do this, the draft genome sequence of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma virens ( T. virens ) was screened for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and primers were developed for 12 distinct loci. (mdpi.com)
A typing method based on the analysis of size polymorphisms in microsatellite loci was investigated. (asm.org)
Three loci available from the GenBank database were identified to harbor microsatellites. (asm.org)
We analyze published data from 592 AC microsatellite loci from 98 species in five vertebrate classes including fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. (bioone.org)
First, we find that larger genomes do not have more microsatellite loci and therefore reject the hypothesis that microsatellites function primarily to package DNA into chromosomes. (bioone.org)
Second, we confirm that microsatellite loci are relatively rare in avian genomes, but reject the hypothesis that this is due to physical constraints imposed by flight. (bioone.org)
Finally, published microsatellite loci (isolated using conventional hybridization methods) provide a biased estimate of the actual mean repeat length of microsatellites in the genome. (bioone.org)
In some bacteria, Agos are associated with CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) loci and use noncanonical 5′-hydroxylated guide RNAs (gRNAs) for nucleic acid targeting. (pnas.org)
A total of 15,125 microsatellite loci had a flanking sequence suitable for setting the primer of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (mdpi.com)
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test showed significant deviation in four of the 20 microsatellite loci after sequential Bonferroni corrections. (mdpi.com)
In this study, we developed 134 novel polymorphic polynucleotide-repeat microsatellite markers for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and characterized 40 loci for polymorphism and genetic diversity in a test population. (ihb.ac.cn)
All 134 silver carp microsatellite loci could be successfully amplified in bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) with 65 loci being polymorphic, indicating a high transferability of these microsatellites across species. (ihb.ac.cn)

For several years, gene mappers have used DNA signposts called microsatellite repeats as markers to delineate these sections. (thefreedictionary.com)
The microsatellite repeats used as probes for fuorescence in situ hybridizaton experiments have proved to be resolute markers in the analyzed species. (thefreedictionary.com)
Development and use of microsatellite markers for germplasm characterization in quinoa (chenopodium quinoa Willd. (thefreedictionary.com)
Our five-dye chemistry increases the number of microsatellite markers that can be run in a single capillary, substantially improving the throughput. (thermofisher.com)
Microsatellites, also called simple sequence repeats (SSRs), have yielded an important class of DNA markers most notable for mapping mammalian genomes. (nih.gov)
Markers were obtained by screening a genomic library enriched for microsatellite motifs. (usda.gov)
STR markers will either be simple (identical length repeats), compound (two or more adjacent repeats) or complex (several different length repeats). (scenacriminis.com)
[5] The increasing availability of DNA amplification by PCR at the beginning of the 1990s triggered a large number of studies using the amplification of microsatellites as genetic markers for forensic medicine, for paternity testing, and for positional cloning to find the gene underlying a trait or disease. (wikipedia.org)
Developing lepidopteran microsatellite DNA markers can be problematical, as markers often exhibit multiple banding patterns and high frequencies of non-amplifying "null" alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we identified the C-terminal end of the Reverse Transcriptase/nLTR domain and the associated 3' UTR in over 190 microsatellite markers from 22 lepidopteran species, accounting for 10% of the lepidopteran microsatellites in GenBank. (biomedcentral.com)
When microsatellites are isolated using standard SSR enrichment protocols and primers designed at complementary repeated regions, amplification from multiple genomic sites can cause scoring difficulties that compromise their utility as markers. (biomedcentral.com)
Microsatellite genetic markers are based on the properties of SSRs (simple sequence repeats) which are numerous and ubiquitous in the DNA of eukaryotes [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Another pattern of repetition, however, has proven to be very troublesome in the practical application of microsatellite markers in some organisms, including the insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). (biomedcentral.com)
This expanded set of 54 strains and clones analyzed with the eight microsatellites markers disclosed interesting new features of the population genetic structure of T. cruzi . (fiocruz.br)
Microsatellites (SSRs) are markers of choice in peanut because they are co-dominant, highly transferrable between species and easily applicable in the allotetraploid genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The microsatellite markers described here are a useful resource for genetics and genomics in Arachis . (biomedcentral.com)
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are useful molecular markers, are abundant, highly dispersed through the genomes of eukaryotes, and locus specific. (biomedcentral.com)
Much has been learned by studying mitochondrial DNA markers, but autosomal markers such as microsatellites have been applied to only a few nematode species, despite their many advantages for studying gene flow in eukaryotes. (elsevier.com)
To obtain a rapid genotyping method of Candida albicans , three polymorphic microsatellite markers were investigated by multiplex PCR. (asm.org)
The combined discriminatory power of the three microsatellites markers was 0.97. (asm.org)
To obtain greater resolution, we searched for new microsatellite markers located on different chromosomes. (asm.org)
Describes cancer cells that have a greater than normal number of genetic markers called microsatellites. (cancer.gov)
This track displays regions that are likely to be useful as microsatellite markers. (ucsc.edu)
Related men will show the same or very similar patterns in terms of the numbers of repeats seen at a set of markers, while unrelated men will tend not to. (le.ac.uk)
Tumors were classified as MSI if two or more microsatellite markers (BAT25, BAT26, D5S346, D2S123, and D17S250) had changes in the number of DNA sequence repeats compared with matched nontumor tissue. (aacrjournals.org)
Tumors with one positive marker (MSI-low) or no positive markers (microsatellite stable) were grouped together as non-MSI tumors (microsatellite stable). (aacrjournals.org)
Using traditional methods such as the magnetic beads enrichment method, only a few microsatellite markers have been isolated from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis , as the crab genome sequence information is unavailable. (mdpi.com)
The microsatellite markers are drawn from Marshfield screening sets 10, 13, and 52, and the indels are drawn from Marshfield screening set 100. (stanford.edu)
The mechanisms that lead to the development of ATL clinical types have not yet been clarified.Four microsatellite markers D10S190, D10S191, D1391 and DCC were analyzed.MSI was found in four patients, three smoldering and one chronic, and LOH in four patients, three smoldering and one acute. (nih.gov)
Four microsatellite markers D10S190, D10S191, D1391 and DCC were analyzed. (nih.gov)
One hundred and twenty P. vivax isolates (58 from Piura and 37 from Tumbes in the PNC collected from 2008 to 2010 and 25 from the EAB collected in Pastaza from 2001 to 2004) were assessed by five polymorphic microsatellite markers. (ajtmh.org)

Variable nucleotide tandem repeats (VNTRs) are repeating sequences of multi-base segments of DNA. (thermofisher.com)
To study the occurrence of microsatellites and their inheritance in maize, a search was made of 280 maize GenBank sequences. (nih.gov)
Four of the microsatellites cosegregated with the Adh1, Gpc1, Pdk1, and Tpi genes from which the primer sequences were derived. (nih.gov)
Using a ChIP-Seq approach to investigate EWS-FLI1-bound DNA sequences in two Ewing cell lines, we show that this chimeric transcription factor preferentially binds two types of sequences including consensus ETS motifs and microsatellite sequences. (plos.org)
Guillon N, Tirode F, Boeva V, Zynovyev A, Barillot E, Delattre O (2009) The Oncogenic EWS-FLI1 Protein Binds In Vivo GGAA Microsatellite Sequences with Potential Transcriptional Activation Function. (plos.org)
Comparison of the LTR sequences from pea and Medicago truncatula elements indicated that microsatellites arise through the expansion of a pre-existing repeat motif. (edu.kz)
Previous studies identified sequences flanking simple sequence repeat (SSR) units that are shared among many lepidopteran species and can be grouped into microsatellite-associated DNA families. (biomedcentral.com)
The fact that they are repeated can be deduced only by comparisons among many flanking sequences, not by any intrinsic pattern of the sequence itself. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies, however, have shown that as many as 10% to 20% of coding and regulatory sequences in eukaryotes contain an unstable repeat tract. (mdpi.com)
The two most common terms used for sequences containing short repeating units are simple sequence repeat (SSR) and microsatellite . (bioinformatics.org)
100 bp repeating unit) are the most common terms for sequences with large repeating units. (bioinformatics.org)
From the sequences obtained 146 primer pairs flanking mostly TC microsatellites were developed. (biomedcentral.com)
Microsatellites are short, repeated, sequences of DNA. (cancer.gov)
These are sequences of at least 15 perfect di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide repeats and tend to be highly polymorphic in the population. (ucsc.edu)
Benson G. Tandem repeats finder: a program to analyze DNA sequences . (ucsc.edu)
Microsatellites are short tandem repeat DNA sequences. (aacrjournals.org)
Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
The disposition of repetitive elements consists either in arrays of tandemly repeated sequences, or in repeats dispersed throughout the genome (see below). (wikipedia.org)
Tandem repeat sequences, particularly trinucleotide repeats, underlie several human disease conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat sequences in the C9orf72 gene are a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. (wikipedia.org)
Huntington's disease results from an unstable expansion of repeated CAG sequences in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (HTT). (wikipedia.org)
Faulty repair of DNA damages in repeat sequences may cause further expansion of these sequences, thus setting up a vicious cycle of pathology. (wikipedia.org)
Repeated sequences evolutionary derived from viral infection events. (wikipedia.org)
Repeats of short DNA sequences, typically less than 10 bp, flank the centromeres of each chromosome, stretching for hundreds of kilobases along either arm of the chromosome and forming centromeric heterochromatin. (encyclopedia.com)
Tandemly repeated short sequences also occur at each chromosome tip (telomeric DNA). (encyclopedia.com)
Among these are variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs), sequences of 15-100 nucleotides repeated hundreds or thousands of times at numerous sites within the genome, and represented by minisatellite DNA. (encyclopedia.com)
Repeats of shorter sequences (2-10 bp) form so-called microsatellite DNA . (encyclopedia.com)
The term is commonly taken to include repetitive DNA , in which base sequences are repeated many times in the genome of a cell (e.g. heterochromatin may contain highly repetitive DNA with the base sequences repeated more than 1000 times). (encyclopedia.com)
eotide repeats in humans, we performed a computational analysis by integrating data from a number of relevant databases, including whole-genome sequences (27), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets =-=(28)-=- and Agobinding sites (29). (psu.edu)
Much of this variation is due to non-coding (i.e. not producing an RNA or protein product), often very simple, repeated sequences. (creation.com)
The premise the authors worked upon is through using drift in sequences of microsatellites as a template to estimate the effect of drift in the morphological differences in Neandertal and modern human craniofacial traits. (anthropology.net)
Microsatellites are simple repeats of DNA sequences. (anthropology.net)

Microsatellites include dinucleotides, trinucleotides and tetranucleotides, repeated in tandem arrays throughout a genome. (thefreedictionary.com)
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are regions of the genome composed of approximately 1-5 bases and repeated up to 17 times. (scenacriminis.com)
Though there have been thousands of short tandem repeats found in the human genome, only a small number are utilised in forensic DNA analysis. (scenacriminis.com)
[1] [2] Microsatellites occur at thousands of locations within an organism's genome . (wikipedia.org)
Microsatellites are distributed throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
Genome-wide analysis of microsatellite repeats in humans: their abundance and density in specific genomic regions. (elsevier.com)
BACKGROUND: Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are found in most organisms, and occupy about 3% of the human genome. (elsevier.com)
This is the first report examining the distribution and density of simple sequence repeats (1-6 base-pairs (bp)) in the entire human genome. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Genome-wide analysis of microsatellite repeats in humans: their abundance and density in specific genomic regions. (elsevier.com)
The regions closely flanking one or both sides of the SSR may themselves be highly repeated, dispersed throughout the genome rather than occurring tandemly [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This database allows retrieval of precomputed tandem repeats from the selected genome. (ehu.es)
These showed that T. monococcum chromosomes have fewer, generally weaker, simple sequence repeat (SSR) signals than the A-genome chromosomes of hexaploid wheat. (elsevier.com)
Also, long homopolymer tracts are spaced non-randomly in the genome of Dictyostelium discoideum , suggesting a preferential linker DNA location in the repeating nucleosome structure of this AT-rich organism [6] . (bioinformatics.org)
Over fifty diseases, most of which primarily affect the nervous system, are caused by expansion of short DNA sequence repeats dispersed throughout the genome. (pfizer.com)
For instance in human, mouse and fly, several classes of repetitive elements present a high tendency for co-localization within the nuclear space, suggesting that DNA repeats positions can be used by the cell as a genome folding map. (wikipedia.org)
Minisatellite - repeat units from about 10 to 60 base pairs, found in many places in the genome, including the centromeres. (wikipedia.org)
repetitive DNA DNA whose base sequence is repeated many times throughout the genome of an organism. (encyclopedia.com)
They also convert the PCR fragment lengths in nucleotides to numbers of repeats, by calibration with the human genome reference sequence. (stanford.edu)

One common example of a microsatellite is a (CA) n repeat, where n varies between alleles. (thermofisher.com)
the 5-repeat allele leads to low expression, and the 6-, 7-, and 8-repeat alleles lead to correspondingly higher expression of MIF. (springer.com)
We studied 616 consecutively diagnosed 0-34 year-old Swedish patients and 502 matched controls by PCR-based genotyping to determine the length of the 3'-end (AT)(n)repeat region of the CTLA-4 gene and categorizing alleles as predominantly monomorphic short (S) or highly polymorphic (in length) long (L) alleles. (lu.se)
is highly polymorphic, with up to 6 alleles with 12 homozygotic CA repeats provides a negative link between IFN and bone resorption (Naive and effector memory T cells acquire polarized cytokine gene acetylation patterns in part by activating the hallmark T(H)1 cytokine, IFNG . (wordpress.com)
We discuss the feasibility of developing microsatellites in parasitic nematodes and the problem of null alleles. (elsevier.com)
Moreover, since microsatellites test the presence of different alleles at a given locus, distinguishing heterozygotes in diploid organisms such as C. albicans is possible in contrast to the RFLP and RAPD methods. (asm.org)
Fourth, we reject the hypothesis that microsatellite structure (length, number of alleles, allele dispersion, range in allele sizes) differs between poikilotherms and homeotherms. (bioone.org)
The difference is found only in fish, which have longer microsatellites and more alleles than the other classes. (bioone.org)
Fifth, we find that the range in microsatellite allele size at a locus is largely due to the number of alleles and secondarily to allele dispersion. (bioone.org)
Three that have been identified are SOD2 Val-9Ala , GPX1 Pro198Leu , and the GPX1 GCG repeat (three alleles with four, five, or six repeats). (aacrjournals.org)
There is a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing number of alleles with four GCG repeats ( P = 0.03). (aacrjournals.org)

If the repeat is equal to or less than 6 bases, NTRs are named microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs). (thermofisher.com)
Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats ( STRs ) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy , or as simple sequence repeats ( SSRs ) by plant geneticists. (wikipedia.org)

Microsatellites are also used in population genetics to measure levels of relatedness between subspecies, groups and individuals. (wikipedia.org)
This set of novel highly polymorphic polynucleotide-repeat microsatellites would be powerful tools for population and conservation genetics studies in silver carp and also in its closely-related bighead carp. (ihb.ac.cn)

The telomeres at the ends of the chromosomes, thought to be involved in ageing / senescence , consist of repetitive DNA, with the hexanucleotide repeat motif TTAGGG in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Triplets and hexamers were more predominant in exonic regions compared to intronic and intergenic regions, except for chromosome Y. Comparison of densities of various SSRs revealed that whereas trimers and pentamers showed a similar pattern (500-1,000 bp/Mb) across the chromosomes, di- tetra- and hexa-nucleotide repeats showed patterns of higher (2,000-3,000 bp/Mb) density. (elsevier.com)
In order to provide additional chromosomal landmarks to discriminate the A m and A chromosomes, the microsatellite repeats (GAA) n , (CAG) n , (CAC) n , (AAC) n , (AGG) n and (ACT) n were tested as FISH probes. (elsevier.com)
The 2A m and 2A chromosomes were differentiated by the signals given by the (GAA) n , (CAG) n and (AAC) n repeats, while only (GAA) n discriminated the chromosomes 3A m and 3A. (elsevier.com)
As potential landmarks for identifying the A m chromosomes, SSR repeats will facilitate the introgression of T. monococcum chromatin into wheat. (elsevier.com)
More than two microsatellite repeat motifs were amplified on the sex-specific chromosome, W or Y, in five species (Bassiana duperreyi, Aprasia parapulchella, Notechis scutatus, Chelodina longicollis, and Gallus gallus) of which the sex-specific chromosomes were heteromorphic and heterochromatic. (edu.au)
Taken together with previously published studies, our results suggest that the amplification of microsatellite repeats is tightly associated with the differentiation and heterochromatinization of sex-specific chromosomes in sauropsids as well as in other taxa. (edu.au)
Different Y chromosomes can carry varying numbers of repeats at a set of specific STRs, called a Y-STR haplotype. (le.ac.uk)
Microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes. (harvard.edu)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis indicated that intact repeats of three, four, or five GAAAAT units were responsible for observed allele size differences. (usda.gov)

The aim of our study was to relate the polymorphic (AT)(n) microsatellite in the 3' untranslated sequence of the CTLA-4 gene to diabetes risk. (lu.se)
Although no relationship between EGFR overexpression and the length of a CA dinucleotide repeat in intron 1 was observed, a variant A13/A14 repeat sequence within the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of the EGFR gene was identified, which was mutated by either mononucleotide or dinucleotide adenosine deletions in 64% of MSI cell lines and 69% of MSI colon tumors. (elsevier.com)
For example, the sequence TATATATATA is a dinucleotide microsatellite, and GTCGTCGTCGTCGTC is a trinucleotide microsatellite (with A being Adenine , G Guanine , C Cytosine , and T Thymine ). (wikipedia.org)
Descriptors are usually used along with the words sequence , repeat , tract or run . (bioinformatics.org)
This rearrangement is a series of multiple repeats, forming a minisatellite-like structure that comprises five direct tandem repeats of a 23-bp sequence. (plantcell.org)
Transient assays demonstrated that the 23-bp sequence motif is a target of the MYB10 protein itself, and the number of repeat units correlates with an increase in transactivation by MYB10 protein. (plantcell.org)
The sequence of TteREP1 is related to the TcREP-class of repeats found in several other trichostrongyloid species including Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus. (elsevier.com)
One microsatellite marker in the EF3 promoter sequence of C. albicans was previously reported ( 4 ). (asm.org)
In all cases, the expanded CAG repeats are translated into an uninterrupted sequence of glutamine residues, forming a polyQ tract, and the accumulation of polyQ proteins damages key cellular functions such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system. (wikipedia.org)
Major categories of repeated sequence or repeats: Tandem repeats: are copies which lie adjacent to each other, either directly or inverted. (wikipedia.org)
Direct repeats Global direct repeat Local direct simple repeats Local direct repeats Local direct repeats with spacer Inverted repeats Global inverted repeat Local inverted repeat Inverted repeat with spacer Palindromic repeat Mirror and everted repeats Repetitive DNA is hard to sequence using next-generation sequencing techniques: sequence assembly from short reads simply cannot determine the length of a repetitive part. (wikipedia.org)
Destabilization of tetraplex structures of the fragile X repeat sequence (CGG)n is mediated by homolog-conserved domains in three members of the hnRNP family. (semanticscholar.org)
A total of 141,737 SSR (simple sequence repeats) motifs were identified via analysis of 883 Mb of the crab genomic DNA information, including mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-nucleotide repeat motifs. (mdpi.com)
Posted January 21, 2010) For 627 HGDP microsatellites, these files provide sequence properties, such as the structure of the repeat motif and the GC content of the flanking region. (stanford.edu)
or a tandem repeat (TR) is a concatenation of the same nucleotide sequence, called a unit. (psu.edu)
Microsatellites are regions of DNA where a short sequence is repeated in tandem with the number of repeats present varying among individuals. (usda.gov)
Flow cytometry, chromosome counts and SSR marker (Simple Sequence Repeats) analysis facilitated the identification of six different haploid lines (2n = x = 9), one aneuploid line (2n = 2x+4 = 22) and one doubled haploid plant (2n = 2x = 18) of 'Clemenules' clementine. (nih.gov)
In this study, we analyzed the influence of fragmentation and environmental changes on the population genetic structure of C. (P.) staigi using inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphisms, and the consequences for management and conservation. (fao.org)

If the prototypical cohanim Y chromosome arose fairly recently, then the number of microsatellite repeats should be relatively similar among all the cohanim. (thefreedictionary.com)
Furthermore, comparative analysis of sex chromosome homology and chromosomal distribution of microsatellite repeats between two closely related chelid turtles, C. longicollis and E. macquarii, identified different ancestry and differentiation history. (edu.au)
Another type of marker on the Y chromosome consists of short units of DNA (typically 3 or 4 bases long) that are repeated in tandem several times (see diagram above). (le.ac.uk)
The first trinucleotide repeat disease to be identified was fragile X syndrome, which has since been mapped to the long arm of the X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The second DNA-triplet repeat disease, fragile X-E syndrome, was also identified on the X chromosome, but was found to be the result of an expanded CCG repeat. (wikipedia.org)
Microsatellites, transposable elements and the X chromosome. (ajtmh.org)
In continuing efforts to characterize genetic differences within the North American population, we identified a microsatellite located on the sex chromosome. (usda.gov)
For example, fragile-X syndrome , the most common type of inherited mental retardation in humans, is caused by the repetition of up to 1,000 copies of a CGG repeat in a gene on the X chromosome . (britannica.com)

Unlike the internally-repeated patterns of the SSRs, there is nothing obvious about the structure of these repeated flanking regions. (biomedcentral.com)
SSRs are composed of short (1 to 5 bp), tandemly repeating units that are exact in identity and repetition. (bioinformatics.org)

Since most microsatellites show a substantial level of polymorphism between individuals, microsatellites are extensively used for physical mapping in humans ( 28 ). (asm.org)

Other microsatellites are located in regulatory flanking or intronic regions of genes, or directly in codons of genes - microsatellite mutations in such cases can lead to phenotypic changes and diseases, notably in triplet expansion diseases such as fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease . (wikipedia.org)
This study describes the analysis of MSI-positive colorectal (39 cases) and gastric carcinomas (36 cases) for the presence of frameshift mutations of the six genes known to be involved in DNA repair and containing mononucleotide repeats in their coding region. (yonsei.ac.kr)
Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions are present in a wide range of genes involved in several neurological disorders, being directly involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis through modulation of gene expression and/or the function of the RNA or protein it encodes. (frontiersin.org)
The change in length of these tandem repeats is termed MSI and is often associated with defects in DNA repair genes ( 1 , 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
These are caused by a CAG repeat expansion in protein-coding portions, or exons, of specific genes. (wikipedia.org)
Although these diseases share the same repeated codon (CAG) and some symptoms, the repeats are found in different, unrelated genes. (wikipedia.org)
It has been noted that genes containing pathogenic CAG repeats often encode proteins that themselves have a role in the DNA damage response and that repeat expansions may impair specific DNA repair pathways. (wikipedia.org)
8882 Nucleic Acids Research, 2013, Vol. 41, No. 19 mononucleotide repeats at the TSS occurs due to the presence of CpG islands =-=(39)-=- around the TSSs of most mammalian genes (40). (psu.edu)

PCR primers flanking microsatellite repeats were designed by the program PRIMERSELECT (Lasergene, Madison, WI). (thefreedictionary.com)
The four microsatellites that cosegregated with the original gene were reamplified as anticipated, whereas a suspicious 230-bp product obtained when using the MZEGPA1 primers could not be reamplified. (nih.gov)
It also allows to easily design primers for amplification of a DNA fragment containing the tandem repeat. (ehu.es)
PCR primers flanking the microsatellite repeats were designed with one primer in the set fluorescently labeled. (asm.org)
Which of the flowing sets of primers would be used to amplify the CAG repeat in the brackets ([CAG] n )? (proprofs.com)

A section of DNA in which a unit of one to five nucleotides is repeated a variable number of times. (thefreedictionary.com)
A microsatellite is a tract of tandemly repeated (i.e. adjacent) DNA motifs that range in length from one to six or up to ten nucleotides (the exact definition and delineation to the longer minisatellites varies from author to author), [1] [2] and are typically repeated 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
Repeat units of four and five nucleotides are referred to as tetra- and pentanucleotide motifs, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Another PCR-based method is the analysis of microsatellites, defined as tandemly repetitive stretches of two to five nucleotides. (asm.org)
Trinucleotide repeat disorders, also known as microsatellite expansion diseases, are a set of over 50 genetic disorders caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion, a kind of mutation in which repeats of three nucleotides (trinucleotide repeats) increase in copy numbers until they cross a threshold above which they become unstable. (wikipedia.org)
Lack of meiotic crossover and fixation of nucleotides flanking the repeat may contribute to success of interspecies PCR amplification. (usda.gov)

Microsatellites in different eukaryotic genomes: survey and analysis. (bioinformatics.org)
Trinucleotide repeats are a subset of a larger class of unstable microsatellite repeats that occur throughout all genomes. (wikipedia.org)
Together with these regulatory roles, a structural role of repeated DNA in shaping the 3D folding of genomes has also been proposed. (wikipedia.org)

Microsatellites were identified as motifs repeated at least five times. (thefreedictionary.com)
A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 1-6 or more base pairs ) are repeated, typically 5-50 times. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, insects have shorter repeat motifs in their telomeres that could arguably be considered microsatellites. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we describe chromosomal mapping of 18 microsatellite repeat motifs in eight species of Sauropsida. (edu.au)
The average number of repeat motifs amplified was 23. (biomedcentral.com)
Among di-nucleotide repeats, the most frequent repeats were AC motifs, accounting for 67.55% of the total number. (mdpi.com)

Frameshift mutations at coding mononucleotide repeats (IGFIIR, TGF beta II, BAX, hMSH6, and hMSH3) were investigated by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. (nih.gov)
For five of these putative microsatellites, the segregation in a maize restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping population was analyzed. (nih.gov)
Frameshift mutations at coding mononucleotide repeats were detected by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. (uniroma1.it)
A tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the fourth [corrected] intron of the aromatase P450 gene was longer among the lean (187 base pairs) than the rest of the women. (kb.se)
These variants are SOD2 Val-9Ala , GPX1 Pro198Leu , and the GPX1 GCG repeat polymorphism. (aacrjournals.org)

STRs used in forensic science tend to be tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeats, as they are both robust, suffer less environmental degradation, and provide a high degree of error free data. (scenacriminis.com)

Zhong X, Leng L, Beitin A et al (2005) Simulaneous detection of microsatellite repeats and SNPs in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) gene by thin-film biosensor chip and application to rural field studies. (springer.com)
Renner P, Roger T, Bochud PY et al (2011) A functional microsatellite of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene associated with meningococcal disease. (springer.com)
This study suggests that the 3'-end (AT)(n) repeat region of the CTLA-4 gene represents a recessive risk factor for type 1 diabetes. (lu.se)
Moreover, in reporter gene experiments, the transcription activation is highly dependent upon the number of repeats that are included in the construct. (plos.org)
Importantly, in vivo EWS-FLI1-bound microsatellites are significantly associated with EWS-FLI1-driven gene activation. (plos.org)
Although the first microsatellite was characterised in 1984 at the University of Leicester by Weller, Jeffreys and colleagues as a polymorphic GGAT repeat in the human myoglobin gene, the term "microsatellite" was introduced later, in 1989, by Litt and Luty. (wikipedia.org)
GT microsatellite repeats in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm in Croatian patients. (cdc.gov)
The number of (GT)(n) repeats in the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene promoter modulates transcription of this enzyme, which might have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative effect. (cdc.gov)
The genetic cause of DM type 1 (DM1) is a CTG repeat expansion (CTG exp ) in the 3′ untranslated region of the DM protein kinase ( DMPK ) gene. (nature.com)
Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene associated with biochemical variability of the catecholamine pathway in schizophrenia? (uhi.ac.uk)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene associated with biochemical variability of the catecholamine pathway in schizophrenia? (uhi.ac.uk)
Patients carry from 230 to 4000 CGG repeats in the gene that causes fragile X syndrome, while unaffected individuals have up to 50 repeats and carriers of the disease have 60 to 230 repeats. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Some of the problems in trinucleotide repeat syndromes result from causing alterations in the coding region of the gene, while others are caused by altered gene regulation. (wikipedia.org)
This is likely explained by the addition of CAG repeats in the affected gene as the gene is transmitted from parent to child. (wikipedia.org)
For example, Huntington's disease occurs when there are more than 35 CAG repeats on the gene coding for the protein HTT. (wikipedia.org)
The fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene contains a CGG repeat within its 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) that, when expanded to 55-200 CGG repeats (premutation allele), can result in the late-onset neurodegenerative disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. (semanticscholar.org)
Women with opposite phylogenetic characteristic have a short microsatellite (168 base pairs) in this gene locus. (kb.se)

We provide a mathematical basis for suggesting a measure of genetic distance between populations based on microsatellite variation. (genetics.org)
The density of different repeats, however, showed significant variation. (elsevier.com)
With the exception of tandem repeats involved in human neurodegenerative diseases, repeat variation was often believed to be neutral with no phenotypic consequences. (mdpi.com)
Contrary to initial suggestions, tandem repeat variation can have useful phenotypic consequences. (mdpi.com)
Third, we find that microsatellite variation differs among species within classes, possibly relating to population dynamics. (bioone.org)
Eighth, at the species level, microsatellite and allozyme heterozygosity covary and therefore inferences based on large-scale studies of allozyme variation may also reflect microsatellite genetic diversity. (bioone.org)
Originally discovered by Barbara McClintock, dispersed repeats have been increasingly recognized as a potential source of genetic variation and regulation. (wikipedia.org)
We used variation in repeat number of the microsatellite to identify genetic differences between European corn borer populations, and infer relationships to other species. (usda.gov)
To understand how the authors correlated variation microsatellites to variations in morphology, let's first try to understand how microsatellites are formed. (anthropology.net)

This report summarizes the results of our efforts to generate useful induced mutants of the Philippine banana cultivars, 'Latundan' and 'Lakatan' through irradiation, and to evaluate the usefulness of DNA marker techniques, such as RAPD, microsatellites or SSR, and AFLP, to characterize the genomic alterations in induced mutants of the two Philippine banana cultivars. (fao.org)
We also describe a novel 146-bp repeat element, TteREP1, which is linked to two-thirds of the microsatellites sequenced and is associated with marker development failure. (elsevier.com)
Therefore, microsatellite marker analysis with multiplex PCR and automated procedures has a high throughput and should be suitable for large epidemiologic studies of C. albicans . (asm.org)
The discriminatory power of this single microsatellite marker was 0.86. (asm.org)
Polymorphic microsatellite marker (PMM) analysis detected a total of 22 different allelic types for 35 isolates of P. marneffei with a high discriminatory power ( D = 0.956). (asm.org)
Genetic analysis (via chromosomal segregation and microsatellite marker-based recombination) of various wild-type strains exhibiting relative susceptibility or tolerance to the lethal toxic effects of arsenite identified a limited X-chromosomal region (16D-F) able to confer a differential response phenotype. (nih.gov)
Identification of a polymorphic Plasmodium vivax microsatellite marker. (ajtmh.org)
In 2005 leaf samples were collected from the 52 still remaining accessions for a microsatellite (SSR) DNA marker analysis. (fao.org)

Cells with MSI accumulate unstable, structure-forming (TA) n repeats resolvable by the helicase WRN. (aacrjournals.org)
Historically, tandem repeats have been designated as non functional "junk" DNA, mostly as a result of their highly unstable nature. (mdpi.com)

We conclude that, although allele frequencies derived from microsatellite pooling are distorted, differences of 5% or greater between pools can be reliably detected. (elsevier.com)

To evaluate MSI, a reference panel was proposed at an international consensus meeting, comprised of 2 mononucleotide (BAT-25, BAT-26) and 3 dinucleotide repeats. (unboundmedicine.com)
Dinucleotide repeats are associated with human diseases such as Norrie's disease [7] , and the expansion of trinucleotide repeats is often associated with neurodegenerative disease and chromosomal fragility , such as Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome , respectively [8] . (bioinformatics.org)

The role of molecular microsatellite identity testing to detect sampling errors in prenatal diagnosis. (biomedsearch.com)

We classified 7(7.3%) of 96 human gastric cancers (HGCs) as MSI-H. Screening this group of HGCs for frameshift mutations in coding mononucleotide repeats of AXIN2 and RIZ, we detected one sample harboring a frameshift mutation (1bp deletion) in exon7 of AXIN2 and four samples with frameshift mutations (1bp deletion) in the (A)9 tract of RIZ, and no mutations were found in the (A)8 tract. (aacrjournals.org)
Seventh, there is a directional mutation toward an increase in microsatellite length. (bioone.org)
Low ONW1 mutation rate was inferred from population data, and attributed to reduced number of cell divisions during oogenesis, low repeat numbers, or short array length. (usda.gov)

More than 35,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 10,000 microsatellite repeats were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to the above features, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microsatellites, transposable elements and inverted repeats that could contribute to toxin diversity were observed. (biomedcentral.com)

However, among eukaryote species, microsatellite repeats are more abundant and longer in vertebrates than invertebrates (Chambers and MacAvoy 2000). (thefreedictionary.com)
Most eukaryotes have microsatellites, with the notable exception of some yeast species. (wikipedia.org)
The microsatellite was the first sex-linked microsatellite from a lepidopteran species, and had the unusual property of being highly conserved among related crop pest species. (usda.gov)

PCR amplification is carried out on the region containing the CAG repeat, shown below. (proprofs.com)

The reproducibility of length polymorphisms was confirmed by using different DNA preparations from the same isolate or by repeated runs from the same DNA preparation. (asm.org)

We describe here a single fluorescent multiplex system comprising 5 quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeats for the detection of MSI tumors. (unboundmedicine.com)
In contrast, all MSI tumors showed allelic size variations in 3 or more of the microsatellites. (unboundmedicine.com)
Tumors not expressing MSH3 show elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST). (cdc.gov)
Kaplan-Meier plots of cumulative recurrence-free survival and overall survival in elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST)-positive tumors compared with non-EMAST tumors. (cdc.gov)
Overall, frameshift mutations at i or more of these mononucleotide repeat microsatellites were found in 17 of 24 MI+ tumors (70.8%) but in none of the 10 MI negative neoplasms. (uniroma1.it)
Colon tumors harboring MSI more frequently present with proximal location, large tumor size, decreased likelihood of metastasis, less advanced stage at diagnosis, and better prognosis compared with microsatellite-stable (MSS) colon cancers ( 4 , 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Tri- and hexa-nucleotide repeats are more abundant in exons, whereas other repeats are more abundant in non-coding regions. (elsevier.com)
The most abundant SSR tracts are the homopolymer repeats poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly(dG).poly(dC). (bioinformatics.org)

Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.462 to 0.666 and did not correlate with the repeat array length. (ajtmh.org)

The discovery that trinucleotide repeats could expand during intergenerational transmission and could cause disease was the first evidence that not all disease-causing mutations are stably transmitted from parent to offspring. (wikipedia.org)

Prevalence of elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)

Of the 37 primer pairs defined, 16 amplified clean polymorphic microsatellites and are described. (usda.gov)

Anthropometric measures and the risk of endometrial cancer, overall and by tumor microsatellite status and histological subtype. (nextbio.com)

Microsatellites and their longer cousins, the minisatellites , together are classified as VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats ) DNA. (wikipedia.org)

The LTR contained a variable region ranging from a simple TC repeat (TC) 11 to more complex repeats of TC/CA, (TC) 1230, (CA) 1822 and was up to 146 bp in length. (edu.kz)
Latin prefixes mono- , di- , tri- , etc. might also be added to the root words mer and nucleotide to describe a simple repeat. (bioinformatics.org)
The data shown in this track are a subset of the Simple Repeats track, selecting only those repeats of period 2 and 3, with 100% identity and no indels and with at least 15 copies of the repeat. (ucsc.edu)
The Simple Repeats track is created using the Tandem Repeats Finder . (ucsc.edu)

A variable nucleotide tandem repeat at position −794 comprises five to eight CATT repeats (referred to henceforth by numbers from 5 to 8, rs5844572). (springer.com)

Intimate association of microsatellite repeats with retrotransposons and other dispersed repetitive elements in barley. (thefreedictionary.com)

We show that the repeat motif is capable of binding MYB10 protein in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. (plantcell.org)
CNS expression of murine fragile X protein (FMRP) as a function of CGG-repeat size. (semanticscholar.org)
The expanded repeat-containing RNAs could potentially induce neuron toxicity by disrupting protein and RNA homeostasis through various mechanisms. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

A plasmid genomic library enriched for TC/AG repeats was constructed and 1401 clones sequenced. (biomedcentral.com)

And, trinucleotide tract elongation can lead to tandem amino acid repeats. (bioinformatics.org)
In a coding region, CAG codes for glutamine (Q), so CAG repeats result in a polyglutamine tract. (wikipedia.org)

There are several known categories of trinucleotide repeat disorder. (wikipedia.org)
Trinucleotide repeat disorders generally show genetic anticipation: their severity increases with each successive generation that inherits them. (wikipedia.org)
Trinucleotide repeat expansions may occur through strand slippage during DNA replication or during DNA repair synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Tracking Expansions of Stable and Threshold Length Trinucleotide Repeat Tracts In Vivo and In Vitro Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (harvard.edu)

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AR049610 and HL130669 to R.B. We are grateful to the staff of the W. M. Keck Foundation DNA Sequencing Facility at Yale School of Medicine for their assistance in developing the microsatellite fragment analysis and TaqMan assay protocols. (springer.com)

Although it is becoming clear that such repeats are important in genomic organization and function and may be associated with disease conditions, their systematic analysis has not been reported. (elsevier.com)
A population conazole resistance alone is of concern, but widespread genetic analysis of microsatellites showed the existence of azole cross-resistance would be devastating. (cdc.gov)

In a tandem array it may have very short repeating units, 2-10 base pairs in the case of microsatellite DNA , or slightly longer ones, 10-100 base pairs in the case of minisatellite DNA. (encyclopedia.com)

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Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/8354)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/8354)

Multiple target sites of allelic imbalance on chromosome 17 in Barrett's oesophageal cancer. (3/8354)

p73 at chromosome 1p36.3 is lost in advanced stage neuroblastoma but its mutation is infrequent. (4/8354)

Genomic organization of the KCNQ1 K+ channel gene and identification of C-terminal mutations in the long-QT syndrome. (5/8354)

Genomic structure and alterations of homeobox gene CDX2 in colorectal carcinomas. (6/8354)

Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese. (7/8354)

Characterization of a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat in Pasteurella haemolytica and its possible role in modulation of a novel type III restriction-modification system. (8/8354)

No images available that match "microsatellite repeats"

Microsatellite Repeats

Dinucleotide Repeats

DNA, Satellite

Trinucleotide Repeats

Alleles

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Genetic Markers

Microsatellite Instability

Polymorphism, Genetic

Base Sequence

Chromosome Mapping

Molecular Sequence Data

DNA Primers

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Genome

Pedigree

DNA

Genetic Variation

Tandem Repeat Sequences

Genetic Loci

Loss of Heterozygosity

Genetics, Population

DNA, Plant

Minisatellite Repeats

Genotype

Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion

Heterozygote

MutS Homolog 2 Protein

Genetic Linkage

Endangered Species

DNA, Neoplasm

Mutation

Base Pair Mismatch

Ankyrin Repeat

Colorectal Neoplasms

Gene Frequency

Haplotypes

DNA Mismatch Repair

Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid

Gene Flow

Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis

Phylogeny

Frameshift Mutation

DNA Sequence, Unstable

Geography

Species Specificity

Lod Score

Inverted Repeat Sequences

Models, Genetic

DNA Repeat Expansion

Genomic Instability

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing

DNA Mutational Analysis

Nuclear Proteins

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3

Phenotype

Paternity

Linkage Disequilibrium

Evolution, Molecular

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/8354)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/8354)

Multiple target sites of allelic imbalance on chromosome 17 in Barrett's oesophageal cancer. (3/8354)

p73 at chromosome 1p36.3 is lost in advanced stage neuroblastoma but its mutation is infrequent. (4/8354)

Genomic organization of the KCNQ1 K+ channel gene and identification of C-terminal mutations in the long-QT syndrome. (5/8354)

Genomic structure and alterations of homeobox gene CDX2 in colorectal carcinomas. (6/8354)

Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese. (7/8354)

Characterization of a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat in Pasteurella haemolytica and its possible role in modulation of a novel type III restriction-modification system. (8/8354)

Microsatellite repeats - definition of Microsatellite repeats by The Free Dictionary

Characterization and multiplex genotyping of alpaca tetranucleotide microsatellite markers

Isolation and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the deep-sea shrimp Nematocarcinus lanceopes ...

Isolation of novel microsatellite loci in Orchesella villosa (Arthropoda, Collembola). | IRIS Università degli Studi di Siena

Microsatellite Instability in Sarcoma: Fact or Fiction? : Figure 1

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Characterization of Novel Di-, Tri-, and Tetranucleotide Microsatellite Primers Suitable for Genotyping...

The Rate and Spectrum of Microsatellite Mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia pulex | Genetics

Microsatellite instability did not predict individual survival in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients

Inactivation from the DNA mismatch restoration pathway manifests while microsatellite instability, - Emerging Bcl-2 inhibitors...

Microsatellite Mutations and Inferences About Human Demography | Genetics

Distinct patterns of microsatellite instability are seen in tumours of the urinary tract. - Surgical Intervention Trials Unit

Microsatellite instability and allelic imbalance in primary and secondary colorectal cancer<...