Microsatellite repeats. Medical search

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

The most common of the microsatellite tandem repeats (MICROSATELLITE REPEATS) dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes. They consist of two nucleotides repeated in tandem; guanine and thymine, (GT)n, is the most frequently seen.

Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.

Microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (INVERTED TANDEM REPEATS).

Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

An increased number of contiguous trinucleotide repeats in the DNA sequence from one generation to the next. The presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as FRAGILE X SYNDROME and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. Some CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES are composed of sequences where trinucleotide repeat expansion occurs.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

MutS homolog 2 protein is found throughout eukaryotes and is a homolog of the MUTS DNA MISMATCH-BINDING PROTEIN. It plays an essential role in meiotic RECOMBINATION and DNA REPAIR of mismatched NUCLEOTIDES.

The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.

An animal or plant species in danger of extinction. Causes can include human activity, changing climate, or change in predator/prey ratios.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The presence of an uncomplimentary base in double-stranded DNA caused by spontaneous deamination of cytosine or adenine, mismatching during homologous recombination, or errors in DNA replication. Multiple, sequential base pair mismatches lead to formation of heteroduplex DNA; (NUCLEIC ACID HETERODUPLEXES).

Protein motif that contains a 33-amino acid long sequence that often occurs in tandem arrays. This repeating sequence of 33-amino acids was discovered in ANKYRIN where it is involved in interaction with the anion exchanger (ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE). Ankyrin repeats cooperatively fold into domains that mediate molecular recognition via protein-protein interactions.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

A DNA repair pathway involved in correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. Excinucleases recognize the BASE PAIR MISMATCH and cause a segment of polynucleotide chain to be excised from the daughter strand, thereby removing the mismatched base. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

A sequential pattern of amino acids occurring more than once in the same protein sequence.

The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.

A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A type of mutation in which a number of NUCLEOTIDES deleted from or inserted into a protein coding sequence is not divisible by three, thereby causing an alteration in the READING FRAMES of the entire coding sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of MUTAGENS or may occur spontaneously.

A region of DNA that is highly polymorphic and is prone to strand breaks, rearrangements or other MUTATIONS because of the nature of its sequence. These regions often harbor palindromic, or repetitive sequences (REPETITIVE SEQUENCES, NUCLEIC ACID). Variability in stability of the DNA sequence is seen at CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."

Copies of nucleic acid sequence that are arranged in opposing orientation. They may lie adjacent to each other (tandem) or be separated by some sequence that is not part of the repeat (hyphenated). They may be true palindromic repeats, i.e. read the same backwards as forward, or complementary which reads as the base complement in the opposite orientation. Complementary inverted repeats have the potential to form hairpin loop or stem-loop structures which results in cruciform structures (such as CRUCIFORM DNA) when the complementary inverted repeats occur in double stranded regions.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An increase number of repeats of a genomic, tandemly repeated DNA sequence from one generation to the next.

An increased tendency of the GENOME to acquire MUTATIONS when various processes involved in maintaining and replicating the genome are dysfunctional.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Establishing the father relationship of a man and a child.

Nonrandom association of linked genes. This is the tendency of the alleles of two separate but already linked loci to be found together more frequently than would be expected by chance alone.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/8354)

The evolution of alterations on chromosome 9, including the putative tumor suppressor genes mapped to the 9p21-22 region (the MTS genes), was studied in relation to the progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia by using whole organ superimposed histologic and genetic mapping in cystectomy specimens and was verified in urinary bladder tumors of various pathogenetic subsets with longterm follow-up. The applicability of chromosome 9 allelic losses as non-invasive markers of urothelial neoplasia was tested on voided urine and/or bladder washings of patients with urinary bladder cancer. Although sequential multiple hits in the MTS locus were documented in the development of intraurothelial precursor lesions, the MTS genes do not seem to represent a major target for p21-23 deletions in bladder cancer. Two additional tumor suppressor genes involved in bladder neoplasia located distally and proximally to the MTS locus within p22-23 and p11-13 regions respectively were identified. Several distinct putative tumor suppressor gene loci within the q12-13, q21-22, and q34 regions were identified on the q arm. In particular, the pericentromeric q12-13 area may contain the critical tumor suppressor gene or genes for the development of early urothelial neoplasia. Allelic losses of chromosome 9 were associated with expansion of the abnormal urothelial clone which frequently involved large areas of urinary bladder mucosa. These losses could be found in a high proportion of urothelial tumors and in voided urine or bladder washing samples of nearly all patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. (+info)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/8354)

Recent studies have shown that patients whose bladder cancer exhibit overexpression of RB protein as measured by immunohistochemical analysis do equally poorly as those with loss of RB function. We hypothesized that loss of p16 protein function could be related to RB overexpression, since p16 can induce transcriptional downregulation of RB and its loss may lead to aberrant RB regulation. Conversely, loss of RB function has been associated with high p16 protein expression in several other tumor types. In the present study RB negative bladder tumors also exhibited strong nuclear p16 staining while each tumor with strong, homogeneous RB nuclear staining were p16 negative, supporting our hypothesis. To expand on these immunohistochemical studies additional cases were selected in which the status of the p16 encoding gene had been determined at the molecular level. Absent p16 and high RB protein expression was found in the tumors having loss of heterozygosity within 9p21 and a structural change (mutation or deletion) of the remaining p16 encoding gene allele, confirming the staining results. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the RB nuclear overexpression recently associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer is also associated with loss of p16 function and implies that loss of p16 function could be equally deleterious as RB loss in bladder and likely other cancers. (+info)

Multiple target sites of allelic imbalance on chromosome 17 in Barrett's oesophageal cancer. (3/8354)

Twelve Barrett's adenocarcinomas have been analysed for the occurrence of allelic imbalance (LOH) on chromosome 17 using 41 microsatellite markers. This study provides evidence for 13 minimal regions of LOH, six on 17p and seven on 17q. Four of these centre in the vicinity of the known tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) TP53 (17p13.1), NFI (17q11.2), BRCA1 (17q21.1), and a putative TSG (17p13.3). The tumours all displayed relatively small regions of LOH (1-10 cM), and in several tumours extensive regions of LOH were detected. One tumour displayed only two very small regions of LOH; 17p11.2 and 17p13.1. The frequency of allelic imbalance has been calculated based on the LOH encompassing only one minimal region, and based on all the LOH observations. By both evaluations the highest LOH frequencies were found for regions II (p53), III (17p13.1 centromeric to p53), IV (17p12), V (17p11.2) and VII (NF1, 17q11.2). Our data supports the existence of multiple TSGs on chromosome 17 and challenges the view that p53 is the sole target of LOH on 17p in Barrett's adenocarcinoma. (+info)

p73 at chromosome 1p36.3 is lost in advanced stage neuroblastoma but its mutation is infrequent. (4/8354)

p73, a novel p53 family member, is a recently identified candidate neuroblastoma (NBL) suppressor gene mapped at chromosome 1p36.33 and was found to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cell lines. To test the hypothesis that p73 is a NBL suppressor gene, we analysed the p73 gene in primary human NBLs. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for p73 was observed in 19% (28/151) of informative cases which included 92 mass-screening (MS) tumors. The high frequency of p73 LOH was significantly associated with sporadic NBLs (9% vs 34%, P<0.001), N-myc amplification (10% vs 71%, P<0.001), and advanced stage (14% vs 28%, P<0.05). Both p73alpha and p73beta transcripts were detectable in only 46 of 134 (34%) NBLs at low levels by RT-PCR methods, while they were easily detectable in most breast cancers and colorectal cancers under the same conditions. They found no correlation between p73 LOH and its expression levels (P>0.1). We found two mutations out of 140 NBLs, one somatic and one germline, which result in amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal region of p73 which may affect transactivation functions, though, in the same tumor samples, no mutation of the p53 gene was observed as reported previously. These results suggest that allelic loss of the p73 gene may be a later event in NBL tumorigenesis. However, p73 is infrequently mutated in primary NBLs and may hardly function as a tumor suppressor in a classic Knudson's manner. (+info)

Genomic organization of the KCNQ1 K+ channel gene and identification of C-terminal mutations in the long-QT syndrome. (5/8354)

The voltage-gated K+ channel KVLQT1 is essential for the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential and for K+ homeostasis in the inner ear. Mutations in the human KCNQ1 gene encoding the alpha subunit of the KVLQT1 channel cause the long-QT syndrome (LQTS). The autosomal dominant form of this cardiac disease, the Romano-Ward syndrome, is characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. The autosomal recessive form, the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, also includes bilateral deafness. In the present study, we report the entire genomic structure of KCNQ1, which consists of 19 exons spanning 400 kb on chromosome 11p15.5. We describe the sequences of exon-intron boundaries and oligonucleotide primers that allow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exons from genomic DNA. Two new (CA)n repeat microsatellites were found in introns 10 and 14. The present study provides helpful tools for the linkage analysis and mutation screening of the complete KCNQ1 gene. By use of these tools, five novel mutations were identified in LQTS patients by PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in the C-terminal part of KCNQ1: two missense mutations, a 20-bp and 1-bp deletions, and a 1-bp insertion. Such mutations in the C-terminal domain of the gene may be more frequent than previously expected, because this region has not been analyzed so far. This could explain the low percentage of mutations found in large LQTS cohorts. (+info)

Genomic structure and alterations of homeobox gene CDX2 in colorectal carcinomas. (6/8354)

Expression of CDX2, a caudal-related homeobox gene, was found to be decreased in colorectal carcinomas. Heterozygous null mutant mice as to Cdx2 develop multiple intestinal adenomatous polyps. To clarify the role of CDX2 in colorectal carcinogenesis, we determined its genomic structure, and searched for mutations of CDX2 in 49 sporadic colorectal carcinomas and ten hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC) without microsatellite instability. None of them exhibited a mutation. We further examined 19 HNPCC carcinomas with microsatellite instability for mutations in a (G)7 repeat site within CDX2. One of them (5.3%) exhibited one G insertion. Loss of heterozygosity was observed in 2 of the 20 (10%) informative sporadic carcinomas, and in one of the three (33.3%) informative HNPCC cancers. These data indicate that CDX2 may play only a minor role in colorectal carcinogenesis. (+info)

Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese. (7/8354)

Microsatellite instability (MI), the phenotypic manifestation of mismatch repair failure, is found in a proportion of gastric carcinomas. Little is known of the links between MI and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status and clinicopathological elements. Examination of genes mutated through the MI mechanism could also be expected to reveal important information on the carcinogenic pathway. Seventy-nine gastric carcinomas (61 EBV negative, 18 EBV positive) from local Hong Kong Chinese population, an intermediate-incidence area, were examined. Eight microsatellite loci, inclusive of the A10 tract of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor (TbetaR-II), were used to evaluate the MI status. MI in the BAX and insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) genes were also examined. High-level MI (>40% unstable loci) was detected in ten cases (12.7%) and low-level MI (1-40% unstable loci) in three (3.8%). High-level MI was detected in two EBV-associated cases (11%) and the incidence was similar for the EBV-negative cases (13%). The high-level MIs were significantly associated with intestinal-type tumours (P = 0.03) and a more prominent lymphoid infiltrate (P = 0.04). Similar associations were noted in the EBV-positive carcinomas. The high-level MIs were more commonly located in the antrum, whereas the EBV-associated carcinomas were mostly located in body. Thirteen cardia cases were negative for both high-level MI and EBV. All patients aged below 55 were MI negative (P = 0.049). Of the high-level MIs, 80% had mutation in TbetaR-II, 40% in BAX and 0% in IGF-IIR. Of low-level MIs, 33% also had TbetaR-II mutation. These mutations were absent in the MI-negative cases. Of three lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, two cases were EBV positive and MI negative, one case was EBV negative but with high-level MI. In conclusion, high-level MIs were present regardless of the EBV status, and were found in a particular clinicopathological subset of gastric carcinoma patient. Inactivation of important growth regulatory genes observed in these carcinomas confirms the importance of MI in carcinogenesis. (+info)

Characterization of a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat in Pasteurella haemolytica and its possible role in modulation of a novel type III restriction-modification system. (8/8354)

In a previous study, a recombinant plasmid that contains a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat was isolated from a Pasteurella haemolytica A1 library. Southern hybridization analysis using a (CACAG)5probe indicated the presence of two loci that contain the pentanucleotide repeats on the genome of P.haemolytica A1. Additional hybridization analyses against genomic DNA from related microorganisms indicated that the repeats are only present in P.haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi T3. The various serotypes of P.haemolytica werefound to have either one or two of the CACAG repeat-containing loci. Examination of the locus designated Rpt2 by PCR and sequence analysis indicated that the number of CACAG repeats could change upon serial subculture which most likely occurs as a result of DNA slipped-strand mispairing. A plasmid carrying the Rpt2 locus was isolated and characterized. Sequenceanalysis indicated that the CACAG repeats are contained within the 5'-end of a gene that showed homology to mod genes of type III restriction-modification systems. A second open reading frame downstream was identified which showed homology to res genes of type III restriction-modification systems. Both the modification and restriction proteins could be expressed and polypeptides of the expected sizes were detected by SDS-PAGE. Restriction activity could also be detected in crude cytoplasmic extracts of Escherichia coli strains carrying the mod and res genes on recombinant plasmids. (+info)

Trinucleotide repeats are a subset of a larger class of unstable microsatellite repeats that occur throughout all genomes. The ... This may lead to repeated copying of the repeated sequence, expanding the number of repeats. Additional mechanisms involving ... Trinucleotide repeat disorders, also known as microsatellite expansion diseases, are a set of over 50 genetic disorders caused ... Gao FB, Richter JD (January 2017). "Microsatellite Expansion Diseases: Repeat Toxicity Found in Translation". Neuron. 93 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinucleotide_repeat_disorder

Microsatellites are also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Microsatellite instability structure consists of repeated ... each individual has microsatellites of a set length. The most common microsatellite in humans is a dinucleotide repeat of the ... Microsatellites are repeated sequences of DNA. These sequences can be made of units of 1 to 6 base pairs in length that are ... The majority of repeats occur in untranslated regions, specifically introns. However, microsatellites that occur in coding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsatellite_instability

"Impeding Transcription of Expanded Microsatellite Repeats by Deactivated Cas9". Molecular Cell. 68 (3): 479-490.e5. doi:10.1016 ... CRISPR loci are composed of short, palindromic repeats that occur at regular intervals composed of alternate CRISPR repeats and ... Essentially, when multiple repeat codons are produced, it elicits a response, or recruits an abundance of dCas9 to combat the ... When the dCas9 attaches to a form of RNA called guide-RNA, it prevents the proliferation of repeating codons and DNA sequences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas9

microsatellite A type of satellite DNA consisting of a relatively short sequence of tandem repeats, in which certain motifs ( ... A direct repeat in which the repeats are immediately adjacent to each other is known as a tandem repeat. dispersive replication ... short tandem repeat (STR) See microsatellite. short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) shotgun sequencing silencer A sequence ... simple sequence repeat (SSR) See microsatellite. single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Any substitution of a single nucleotide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics

microsatellite A type of satellite DNA consisting of a relatively short sequence of tandem repeats, in which certain motifs ( ... short tandem repeat (STR) See microsatellite. short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) shotgun sequencing silencer A sequence ... simple sequence repeat (SSR) See microsatellite. single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Any substitution of a single nucleotide ... trinucleotide repeat Any sequence in which an individual nucleotide triplet is repeated many times in tandem, whether in a gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_(M−Z)

Microsatellites in nuclear repeats require longer reads. The following sequencing platforms have been used in genome skimming: ... These repeats can be clustered de novo and their abundance is estimated. The distribution and occurrence of these repeat types ... and nuclear repeats such as microsatellites and transposable elements. It employs high-throughput, next generation sequencing ... Nuclear repeats in the genome are an underused source of phylogenetic data. When the nuclear genome is sequenced at 5% of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_skimming

Zak, Anatoly (28 November 2017). "Baumanets student micro-satellite repeats the sad fate of its predecessor". RussianSpaceWeb. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGATUSAT

Between the strand-biased microsatellite repeats and C:G mononucleotide repeats, all sequence variations retained one or two ... The most prevalent repeated sequences in the embedded microsatellite regions were CT:AG, CCT:AGG, CCCT:AGGG, and CGCAC:GTGCG ... Four divergent domains consisted of microsatellite repeats, biased in base composition, with purines on one strand and ... Satellite DNA, together with minisatellite and microsatellite DNA, constitute the tandem repeats. The major satellite DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_DNA

SNPSTR is a database of Snpstrs (a microsatellite with one or more tightly linked SNPs). Snpstr Short tandem repeat ... a database of compound microsatellite-SNP markers". Nucleic Acids Res. England. 35 (Database issue): D71-5. doi:10.1093/nar/ ... Microsatellite Single-nucleotide polymorphism Agrafioti, I; Stumpf M P H (Jan 2007). "SNPSTR: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snptstr_(database)

Arcot, Santosh S.; Wang, Zhenyuan; Weber, James L.; Deininger, Prescott L.; Batzer, Mark A. (September 1995). "Alu Repeats: A ... Source for the Genesis of Primate Microsatellites". Genomics. 29 (1): 136-144. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1224. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID ... Jurka, J; Smith, T (1988). "A fundamental division in the Alu family of repeated sequences". Proceedings of the National ... Deininger, Prescott L; Batzer, Mark A (1999). "Alu Repeats and Human Disease". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 67 (3): 183- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alu_element

"Microsatellite tandem repeats are abundant in human promoters and are associated with regulatory elements". PLOS One. 8 (2): ... erratum) Emmanuel Buschiazzo; Neil J Gemmell (1 October 2006). "The rise, fall and renaissance of microsatellites in eukaryotic ... Sterling M Sawaya; Andrew T Bagshaw; Emmanuel Buschiazzo; Neil J Gemmell (1 January 2012). "Promoter microsatellites as ... cost-effective development of species-specific microsatellite markers by genomic sequencing". BioTechniques. 46 (3): 185-192. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gemmell

A third-related finding is that frequent selection for different responses also enriches for microsatellite repeat tracts, ... His lab's work also elucidated how a mutational mechanism (microsatellite repeat slippage) plays a significant evolutionary ... Brittain, A; Stroebele, E; Erives, A (2015). "Microsatellite repeat instability fuels evolution of embryonic enhancers in ... As indels are largely produced by unstable microsatellite repeats, which are fast-evolving and difficult to genotype accurately ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Erives

Microsatellite regions are usually characterized by short, repeated sequences of nucleotides. Primers that are specific to a ... A microsatellite null allele is an allele at a microsatellite locus that does not amplify to detectable levels in a polymerase ... Paetkau, D.; Strobeck, C. (1995-08-01). "The molecular basis and evolutionary history of a microsatellite null allele in bears ... Dakin, E E; Avise, J C (2004-08-04). "Microsatellite null alleles in parentage analysis". Heredity. 93 (5): 504-509. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_allele

Microsatellites are repeats of 1-6 base pairs of DNA sequence. Microsatellites are commonly used as a molecular markers ... "Difference Between Minisatellite and Microsatellite". Hou, S.-M. (2002-04-01). "The XPD variant alleles are associated with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_polymorphism

The microsatellite (AGAT)8 is strongly repeated near the Y chromosome centromere. The Y chromosome also contains the (AC)15 ... "Karyotypic analysis and FISH mapping of microsatellite motifs reveal highly differentiated XX/XY sex chromosomes in the pink- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink-tailed_worm-lizard

... microsatellite repeats. They have attempted and succeeded in using this technique to isolate an amount of six microsatellite ... "Vectorette PCR isolation of microsatellite repeat sequences using anchored dinucleotide repeat primers". Nucleic Acids Research ... Further research has experimented with the creation of a method that progresses the isolation of microsatellite repeats. By ... Vectorette PCR was used to uncover SSRs which flank the trinucleotide repeat that was targeted for testing. This is also known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorette_PCR

Microsatellite Minisatellite ProRepeat Satellite DNA Tandem Repeats Database Tandem repeat locus Variable number tandem repeats ... Tandem Repeats over the Edit Distance TandemSWAN Microsatellite repeats finder JSTRING - Java Search for Tandem Repeats in ... The Tandem Repeats Database The Microorganisms Tandem Repeats Database Short Tandem Repeats Database Tandem Repeats in major ... Those with fewer are known as microsatellites or short tandem repeats. When exactly two nucleotides are repeated, it is called ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_repeat

However, there is no evidence of preferential transmission of AVPR1A microsatellite repeats to hypersexual or uninhibited ... The AVPR1A repeat polymorphism RS3 is a complex (CT)4-TT-(CT)8-(GT)24 repeat that is 3625 bp upstream of the transcription ... The AVPR1A repeat polymorphism RS1 is a (GATA)14 tetranucleotide repeat that is 553 bp upstream from the transcription start ... Chimpanzees populations have individuals with single (only (GT)25 microsatellite) and duplicated (the (GT)25 microsatellite as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_1A

Some families of Helitrons also carry tandem repeats, like microsatellites and minisatellites which are generally highly ... De novo repeat identification approaches which can be used to build consensus libraries of all repeated sequences, but De novo ... A repeat-based search requires extensive manual curation to identify Helitron families, an overwhelming task in large genomes ... These approaches are limited by the quality of the genome assembly and the homogeneity of the repeats. Another approach is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helitron_(biology)

... genes with somatic frameshift mutations within coding mononucleotide repeats in colorectal tumors with high microsatellite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGS12

These diseases are all caused by the expansion of microsatellite tandem repeats consisting of a stretch of three nucleotides. ... Prominent trinucleotide repeat disorders include Fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease. In the case of Fragile X syndrome ... Individuals with a number of repeats that falls in the premutation range have a good chance of having affected children. Those ... With each successive generation, there is a chance that the number of repeats will expand. As this occurs, progeny can progress ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance

JSTRING-Java Search for Tandem Repeats In Genomes Microsatellite repeats finder MISA-MIcroSAtellite identification tool MREPATT ... Microsatellite mutation rates vary with base position relative to the microsatellite, repeat type, and base identity. Mutation ... microsatellite mutations lead to the gain or loss of an entire repeat unit, and sometimes two or more repeats simultaneously. ... Microsatellite enrichment). The oligonucleotide probe hybridizes with the repeat in the microsatellite, and the probe/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsatellite

2001.Characterization of duck microsatellite repeat sequences. JARQ 35(4): 217-219. (in Indonesian) Sari L, Purwadaria T. 2004 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balai_Penelitian_Ternak,_Ciawi,_Bogor

Zenklusen JC, Bièche I, Lidereau R, Conti CJ (December 1994). "(C-A)n microsatellite repeat D7S522 is the most commonly deleted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST7

The other significant fraction resides in short tandem repeats (STRs; also called microsatellites) consisting of short ... Variations in the number of STR repeats can cause genetic diseases when they lie within a gene but most of these regions appear ... Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) are transcripts derived from telomeres. TERRA has been shown to maintain telomerase ... Highly repetitive DNA consists of short stretches of DNA that are repeated many times in tandem (one after the other). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_DNA

Patel MS, Mankoo BS, Brickell PM (Apr 1992). "A polymorphic microsatellite repeat is located close to the promoter region of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGR_(gene)

... and microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Minisatellites ... Microsatellite Tandem repeat Telomere Minisatellite at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Tawn ... Repeat turnover therefore appears to be controlled by recombinational activity in DNA that flanks the repeat array and results ... with many repeated copies lying next to each other. Minisatellites and their shorter cousins, the microsatellites, together are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minisatellite

Short tandem repeats (about 5 base pairs) are called microsatellites, while longer ones are called minisatellites. The recent ... A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) is the variation of length of a tandem repeat. A tandem repeat is the adjacent ... Tandem repeats exist on many chromosomes, and their length varies between individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

Short repeats of nucleotides. Microsatellite: Very short repeats of nucleotides. Some trinucleotide repeats are found in coding ... Repeated sequences are of two basic types: unique sequences that are repeated in one area; and repeated sequences that are ... This region is a microsatellite, but its function is more specific than a simple tandem repeat. Throughout the eukaryotic ... They can be classified based on the length of the repeat as: SINE: Short interspersed sequences. The repeats are normally a few ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_chromosome_fine_structure

... the repeat is referred to as a short tandem repeat (STR) or microsatellite. When the repeating sequence is 10-60 nucleotides ... Tandem repeats are repeated sequences which are directly adjacent to each other in the genome. Tandem repeats may vary in the ... Inverted repeats occur when a nucleotide sequence is repeated in the inverse direction. For example, a direct repeat of "CATCAT ... Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns of nucleic acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeated_sequence_(DNA)

analyzed king cherry and Yoshino cherry with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and sequence analysis of two ... yedoensis by Microsatellite Markers". Breeding Science. 57: 1-6. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.57.1. natural hybridization either in the ... "Characterization of wild Prunus yedoensis analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat and chloroplast DNA". Scientia Horticulturae ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_×_nudiflora

Kumar M, Kapil A, Shanker A (November 2014). "MitoSatPlant: mitochondrial microsatellites database of viridiplantae". ... "Accurate prediction of repeat prostate biopsy outcomes by a mitochondrial DNA deletion assay". Prostate Cancer and Prostatic ... Mitochondrial microsatellites database of viridiplantae. MitoZoa 2.0: a database for comparative and evolutionary analyses of ... but slow compared to other DNA regions such as microsatellites) which makes it useful for studying the evolutionary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

July 2010). "Human Y-chromosome short tandem repeats: a tale of acculturation and migrations as mechanisms for the diffusion of ... of Serbian Populations through Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing and Non-Recombining Region of the Y Chromosome Microsatellites". ... "Y chromosome genetic data defined by 23 short tandem repeats in a Serbian population on the Balkan Peninsula". Annals of Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Serbs

Smith, S., & Hughes, J. (2008). Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation defines island genetic reservoirs for ... causes a decrease in the reproductive fitness of a population because of a decrease in its heterozygosity from the repeated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_population_size

... tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - tax gene product - taxonomy - telophase - tertiary structure - tetrodotoxin - ... microsatellite - microscope - microtiter plate - microtubule-associated protein - mineralocorticoid receptor - minisatellite - ... trinucleotide repeat - triose - tropomyosin - troponin - tryptophan - tubulin - tumor necrosis factors - tumor necrosis factor ... dinucleotide repeat - diploid - disaccharide - dissociation constant - disulfide bond - disulfide bridge - DNA - DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

... has recently been associated with regulating iron metabolism through ubiquitinating the F-box and leucine-rich repeat ... UBE2Q1 and UBE4B in gastric and colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability". Pathology. 43 (7): 753-5. doi:10.1097/ ... low-copy repeats in the Prader-Willi/Angelman region encodes a large protein implicated in protein trafficking, which is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HERC2

Shah KA, Shishkin AA, Voineagu I, Pavlov YI, Shcherbakova PV, Mirkin SM (2012) Role of DNA polymerases in repeat-mediated ... Co-organizer, 6th International Conference on Unstable Microsatellites and Human Disease, 3 Costa Rica, 2009 Editor-in-Chief, ... Kononenko AV, Ebersole T, Vasquez KM, Mirkin SM (2018) Mechanisms of genetic instability caused by (CGG)n repeats in an ... Krasilnikova, M M; Samadashwily, G M; Krasilnikov, A S; Mirkin, S M (1998-09-01). "Transcription through a simple DNA repeat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Mirkin

"Santos J, Serra L, Solé E, Pascual M. FISH mapping of microsatellite loci from Drosophila subobscura and its comparison to ... repeated protrusion and withdrawal of the proboscis before the male mounted. The tips of the male and female probosces can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_subobscura

July 2010). "Human Y-chromosome short tandem repeats: a tale of acculturation and migrations as mechanisms for the diffusion of ... of Serbian Populations through Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing and Non-Recombining Region of the Y Chromosome Microsatellites". ... 2005). "Genetic variation at nine short tandem repeat loci among islanders of the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia". Human ... 2022). "Influence of genetic substructuring of statistical forensic parameters on genetic short tandem repeat markers in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats

A suite of microsatellite markers (short segments of DNA that have a repeated sequence) have been developed to help aid in ... Copulation with a single male may be repeated several times, with a total mating time of up to fourteen hours, while the male ... Vocalizations include purring, a threatening call, and a call of fear, consisting of "repeated loud, coarse inhalations and ... "Characterization of 26 microsatellite marker loci in the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)". Conservation Genetics. 10 (5): 1449-1453 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa_(animal)

The female repeats the process with other brood cells, going progressively deeper into the soil. A higher temperature increases ... Soro, Antonella; Paxton, Robert J. (2009). "Characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the facultatively ... The second brood in New York yields only gynes and males, which breed to repeat the cycle. In Kansas, the first brood is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halictus_rubicundus

A genome-wide microsatellite genotyping laboratory at the Ottawa Health Research Institute, led by Dennis Bulman, was added. ... January 2005). "Expanded repeat in canine epilepsy". Science. 307 (5706): 81. doi:10.1126/science.1102832. PMID 15637270. S2CID ... The Genetic Analysis area includes capillary-based genotyping (Applied Biosystems TaqMan and SNaPshot, microsatellites), custom ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Genomics

The howl consists of a wail repeated 3-4 times on an ascending scale, followed by three short yelps. Jackals typically howl at ... from Serbia as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear Microsatellite Loci". Biochemical Genetics. 47 (3-4): 241-50. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_jackal

... microsatellite markers or short tandem repeats (STRs), (4) multinucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs), (5) heterozygous sequences, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DbSNP

... ranging from 75 to over 11,000 repeats. Like DM1, the size of the microsatellite repeat array lengthens from generation to ... triplet repeats, termed trinucleotide repeat expansion and classifying DM1 as a one of several trinucleotide repeat disorders. ... as the degree of repeat expansion beyond 75 repeats does not affect the age of onset or disease severity. The repeat expansion ... The microsatellite expansion responsible for DM2 is of cytosine-cytosine-thymine-guanine (CCTG) repeats, classifying it as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotonic_dystrophy

June 23 - Diwata-2, the second microsatellite under the Philippine Scientific Earth Observation Microsatellite program, is ... September 17: President Duterte repeats his call to shut all mines in the country following deadly landslides, hours after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_in_the_Philippines

October 2009). "Increased microsatellite instability and epigenetic inactivation of the hMLH1 gene in head and neck squamous ... repeating the process. This exposes large sections of DNA to exonuclease digestion, allowing for quick excision (and later ... Recognizing and repairing mismatches and indels is important for cells because failure to do so results in microsatellite ... Mutations in the human homologues of the Mut proteins affect genomic stability, which can result in microsatellite instability ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_mismatch_repair

Z-DNA does not contain single base-pairs but rather a GpC repeat with P-P distances varying for GpC and CpG. On the GpC stack ... Triple-stranded DNA structures have been demonstrated in repetitive polypurine:polypyrimidine Microsatellite sequences and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

This fatal disease can lead to losses as much as 80% after repeated planting cycles. Ganoderma produces enzymes that degrade ... "Identification and development of new polymorphic microsatellite markers using genome assembly for Ganoderma boninense, causal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis

Microsatellite comparisons support the idea that the Hawaiian T. oceanicus colonization originated in the Western islands and ... convergent song loss in Hawaiian crickets is repeated, morphologically varied, and widespread". Ecology. 100 (8): e02694. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleogryllus_oceanicus

Three novel microsatellite markers linked to ASIP were isolated from a domestic cat BAC clone containing this gene and were ... After about 20 to 30 minutes, once the female is finished grooming, the cycle will repeat. Because ovulation is not always ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat

Pang H, Soejima M, Koda Y, Kimura H (2005). "A novel tetrameric short tandem repeat located in the 3' flanking region of the ... within the microsatellite genetic map of chromosome 19". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 71 (2): 158-62. doi:10.1159/000134098. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FUT2

Using Nuclear Microsatellites DNA Markers". International Journal of Forestry Research. 2009: 1-8. doi:10.1155/2009/210179. ... growing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using inter-simple sequence repeat markers". BMC Genetics. 15 (109): 109. doi:10.1186/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breonadia

These contests involve repeated confrontations between two males using surface splashing, fighting, paired somersaulting, and ... assessed by micro- satellite DNA markers". Molecular Ecology. 7 (5): 627-638. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00373.x. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoca

The third set of molars lasted for 10 years, and this process was repeated until the final, sixth set emerged when the animal ... "Microsatellite genotyping reveals end-Pleistocene decline in mammoth autosomal genetic variation". Molecular Ecology. 21 (14): ... The resulting offspring would be an elephant-mammoth hybrid, and the process would have to be repeated so more hybrids could be ... "Microsatellite genotyping reveals end-Pleistocene decline in mammoth autosomal genetic variation". Molecular Ecology. 21 (14): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolly_mammoth

Kershaw, EE; Chua, SC Jr; Leibel, RL (1995). "Localization of a (CA)n repeat in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene (Glp1r) ... Chua, SC Jr; Hansen, MH; Truett, GE; Leibel, RL (1993). "Utility of a C-jun microsatellite marker in determining gene dosage ... "Genomic structure of the human OB receptor and identification of two novel intronic microsatellites". Genome Res. 6 (12): 1192- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Leibel

... along with inverted-repeat Z-DNA structures within a larger 2.1kb satellite DNA repeat unit. Additionally, H-DNA has been shown ... Triple-stranded DNA has been observed in supercoiled Satellite DNA in regions where microsatellite copy numbers are highly ... Polypurine mirror-repeat H-DNA forming sequences were found neighboring the P1 promoter of the c-MYC gene and are associated ... The transcriptional activity of mutant NSEs can be predicted by the element's ability to form H-DNA and not by repeat number, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-stranded_DNA

Repeated sampling in the newly established Tesso Nilo National Park documented a trend of increasing tiger density from 0.90 ... ten mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and 11 out of 108 unique microsatellite alleles. The relatively high genetic variability and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatran_tiger

Here we show that mouse MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that specifically recognizes hydroxymethylated CA repeats. ... MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that protects CA repeats from nucleosome invasion Science. 2021 Jun 25;372(6549): ... Here we show that mouse MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that specifically recognizes hydroxymethylated CA repeats. ... Our work identifies MeCP2 as a microsatellite DNA binding protein that targets the 5hmC-modified CA-rich strand and maintains ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324427/

Repeat expansions confer WRN dependence in microsatellite-unstable cancers. Authors list. Niek van Wietmarschen Sriram ... Expanded TA repeats form non-B DNA secondary structures that stall replication forks, activate the ATR checkpoint kinase, and ... The RecQ DNA helicase WRN is a synthetic lethal target for cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI), a form of ... Here we show that TA-dinucleotide repeats are highly unstable in MSI cells and undergo large-scale expansions, distinct from ...

https://www.crick.ac.uk/research/publications/repeat-expansions-confer-wrn-dependence-in-microsatellite-unstable-cancers

microsatellite repeat expansion disorders; pathophysiology; RNA biology; repeat transcripts; polymeric repeat proteins; RNA ... Short repeated sequences of 3−6 nucleotides are causing a growing number of over 50 microsatellite expansion disorders, which ... Adding to the complexity of pathogenesis, microsatellite repeat expansions are polymorphic and found in coding as well as in ... Here, we will briefly review the pathogenic mechanisms mediated by microsatellite repeat expansions prior to focus on the RNA ...

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/187050/

Fields of Study , genetics , molecular genetics , nucleotide sequences , repetitive sequences , microsatellite repeats ... They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short ... A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the genome. ...

https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/vocabularies/nalt/concept?uri=https%3A//lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/33728

Shortening of microsatellite deoxy(CA) repeats involved in GL331-induced down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene ... Shortening of microsatellite deoxy(CA) repeats involved in GL331-induced down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene ... Shortening of microsatellite deoxy(CA) repeats involved in GL331-induced down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene ... Shortening of microsatellite deoxy(CA) repeats involved in GL331-induced down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene ...

https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/shortening-of-microsatellite-deoxyca-repeats-involved-in-gl331-in

Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene associated with biochemical variability of the ... Dive into the research topics of Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene associated ...

https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/en/publications/is-the-polymorphic-microsatellite-repeat-of-the-dopamine-beta-hyd/fingerprints/

Fragments of Interrupted Repeats Joined by RepeatMasker ID. Microsatellite. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. Microsatellites - ... Simple Repeats. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. Simple Tandem Repeats by TRF. ... Di-nucleotide and Tri-nucleotide Repeats. RepeatMasker Viz.. hide. dense. full. Detailed Visualization of RepeatMasker ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?hgsid=1507993607_M8ENK0LFL2GPp4PkVenuqPjlaZix&hgTracksConfigPage=configure

The Croatian study also reported an association of a GT dinucleotide repeat microsatellite variant (intron 2) in the TLR2 gene ... Investigations of a TNFα microsatellite dinucleotide repeat polymorphism have had conflicting results. ... Thymidylate synthase (TS): The TS enhancer region contains a series of 28 base-pair tandem repeats, most commonly 2 repeats ( ... NOS2: A single study found no association of NOS2 tetra-repeat and penta-repeat polymorphisms with colorectal cancer. Another ...

https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/resources/books/2010_huge/chap13.htm

Forensics- Microsatellite loci, generally known in forensic applications as Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci, are widely used for ... Microsatellites are tandem repeats of one to six nucleotides scattered throughout the genome. ... In the literature they can also be called simple sequence repeats (SSR), short tandem repeats (STR), or variable number tandem ... are repeated in tandem arrays. This means that the sequences are repeated one right after the other. The lengths of sequences ...

https://www.mcqsonline.net/2008/01/microsatellite-sequence-is-short.html

Microsatellite Repeats. 1. 2010. 812. 0.020. Why? Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 1. 2015. 33990. 0.020. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/181289/network/researchareas/details

KEYWORDS: forensic science, forensic entomology, bed bug, DNA, microsatellite repeats. Read Abstract + ... Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats and an Alu Insertion Polymorphism Are Detectable in Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) ... Using polymorphic autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers commonly employed in forensic investigations and an Alu insertion ...

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-agricultural-and-urban-entomology/volume-31/issue-1

Discrepancy variation of dinucleotide microsatellite repeats in eukaryotic genomes. GAO, HUAN; CAI, SHENGLI; YAN, BINLUN; CHEN ...

https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_issuetoc&pid=0716-976020090003&lng=es&nrm=iso

... microsatellite repeats; mitochondria; phylogeography; population genetics; population structure; Hawaii. Abstract:. ... The ... Cryptic Species in the United States Based on Microsatellite Markers ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7987-2013&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=Hawaii&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=genetic+analysis&f%5Btext_availability%5D%5B%5D=Citation+in+PubAg&per_page=50&sort=date-desc

Vis forfatter(e) (1997). Complexity of 12q13-22 amplicon in liposarcoma: Microsatellite repeat analysis. Genes, Chromosomes and ... Vis forfatter(e) (2021). The expressed mutational landscape of microsatellite stable colorectal cancers. Genome Medicine. ... Vis forfatter(e) (1999). Characterization of the 17p amplicon inhuman sarcomas - microsatellite marker analysis. International ... Vis forfatter(e) (2017). Multilevel genomics of colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability - clinical impact of JAK1 ...

https://www.uib.no/personer/Ola.Myklebost

Elimination of toxic microsatellite repeat expansion RNA by RNA-Targeting Cas9. Cell 2017;170:899-912.doi:10.1016/j.cell. ... 2 while people with a C9orf72 repeat expansion (C9FTD/ALS) can carry hundreds to thousands of repeats.3-6 The repeats are ... repeat-associated non-ATG translation of the repeat expansion leads to the production of dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). ... Impeding transcription of expanded microsatellite repeats by deactivated Cas9. Mol Cell 2017;68:479-90.doi:10.1016/j.molcel. ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/93/7/761?rss=1

A high-resolution map of genes, microsatellite markers, and new dinucleotide repeats from UBE1 to the GATA locus in the region ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/888939-189369/what-is-the-role-of-surgery-in-the-treatment-of-wiskott-aldrich-syndrome

Microsatellite tandem repeats are abundant in human promoters and are associated with regulatory elements. PLoS ONE, 8(2), ...

https://www.otago.ac.nz/ctcr/people/profile/?id=352

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?hgsid=1466664927_CTRu50j8CKalubuSekFEpa1FugKA&hgTracksConfigPage=configure

Several repeat sequences were also discovered, namely, 33 forward, 14 reverse, 3 complement, and 49 microsatellite repeats. ... and two inverted repeat regions. A total of 85 protein-coding, 8 ribosomal RNA, and 36 transfer RNA genes were identified. ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296684101_Anti-Inflammatory_and_Antiosteoarthritis_Effects_of_Saposhnikovia_divaricata_ethanol_Extract_In_Vitro_and_In_Vivo_Studies

Microsatellite Repeats Medicine & Life Sciences 41% * Triploidy Medicine & Life Sciences 28% * Zygote Medicine & Life Sciences ... Here, microsatellite markers were employed in a redetermination of the pressures required to generate zebrafish half-tetrads ... Here, microsatellite markers were employed in a redetermination of the pressures required to generate zebrafish half-tetrads ... Here, microsatellite markers were employed in a redetermination of the pressures required to generate zebrafish half-tetrads ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/new-conditions-for-generation-of-gynogenetic-half-tetrad-embryos-

Microsatellite Repeats 7% * Cluster Analysis 6% * Population 2% Earth & Environmental Sciences. * philopatry 89% ...

https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/fine-scale-spatial-genetic-correlation-analyses-reveal-strong-fem/fingerprints/

An alternative RNA-mediated toxicity arises from microsatellite repeat instability in the human genome. The expanded repeat- ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/research/research_lab_results.html?query=RNA&pagesize=10&page=6

Tandem Repeats Finder was used to find tandem repeats while MIcroSAtellite detected the microsatellite DNA (1-6 bp). ... Simple sequence repeats (also known as microsatellites) comprise tandemly repeated genetic loci of 1-6 bp (Tautz and Renz, 1984 ... All mono-nucleotide repeats were consisted of A/T repeats and the di-nucleotide repeats were AT/TA, with G/C only found in the ... repeats in the O. sinensis mt genome, including 30 forward repeats (61-128 bp, in total 2446 bp), 13 palindromic repeats (61-90 ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01422/full

Short repeated segments of DNA called microsatellites are especially prone to DNA mismatch errors. Tumors that are mismatch ... For example, a specific microsatellite mutation in the TGFBR2 gene occurs in 60% to 80% of people with mismatch repair- ... A silver lining to microsatellite instability is that it has the potential to create novel proteins, known as neoantigens, that ... Recent data suggests that some people with microsatellite instability-high cancer have evidence of an immune reaction against ...

https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/vaccine-prevents-colorectal-lynch-syndrome

Mori T et al. Prevalence of elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats in pancreatic ductal ... Munakata K et al. Inflammation-Associated Microsatellite Alterations Caused by MSH3 Dysfunction Are Prevalent in Ulcerative ...

https://www.abcam.com/msh3-antibody-epr43342-ab111107.html

Scores represent the allele calls for each microsatellite locus (i.e. DNA fragment length containing the microsatellite repeats ... Scores represent the allele calls for each microsatellite locus (i.e. DNA fragment length containing the microsatellite repeats ... These data consist of microsatellite genotype scores for all samples of Santa Ana sucker (Catostomus santaanae) used in the ... These data consist of microsatellite genotype scores for all samples of Santa Ana sucker (Catostomus santaanae) used in the ...

https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/robert-n-fisher?qt-staff_profile_science_products=0

Approximately 50 individuals per breed were genotyped for a maximum of 50 microsatellite loci. Substantial within-breed ... components of genetic diversity for European pig breeds at the scale of the whole continent using microsatellites and has ... components of genetic diversity for European pig breeds at the scale of the whole continent using microsatellites. Fifty-eight ... We genotyped 64 dinucleotide microsatellite repeats in individuals from populations that represent all inhabited continents. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Genetic-diversity-within-and-between-European-pig-Sancristobal-Chevalet/f98f668396dc7074b0795af518faa397900d0973

The different alleles of each microsatellite were numbered according to their increasing numbers of repeats. The haplotype ... Microsatellite instability in the tumors of the proband and of patient III-1 was indicative of MMR deficiency and thus argued ... Fragment length analysis was also used to determine the number of adenine repeats at the end of the inserted sequence. It ... The proband presented with colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibiting microsatellite instability and apparent isolated loss of PMS2 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/gim201847?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2682bb38-ecfb-4cf5-b1cf-dbcbdcfee050

Forensics - Microsatellite loci, generally known in forensic applications as Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci, are widely used for forensic identification and relatedness testing, and are a predominant genetic marker in this area of application. (mcqsonline.net)
therefore we also hypothesize that the predictability of cancerassociated microsatellite loci in germline DNA may support the current hypothesis of a glioma cell of origin. (elsevier.com)
In this study, "normal" germline exome sequenced DNA from the 1000 Genomes Project (n=390) were compared with exome sequences from germlines of subjects with WHO grade II and III lower-grade glioma (LGG, n=136) and WHO grade IV glioblastoma (GBM, n=252) from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify microsatellite loci non-randomly associated with glioma. (elsevier.com)
Segregation of microsatellite alleles and residual heterogosity at single loci in homozygous androgenetic common carp (Cyprino carpio L. (wur.nl)
Screening with 11 microsatellites also revealed two linkage groups, a segregation distortion at two microsatellite loci, and the possible association of some microsatellites with mass, length, stress-related plasma cortisol levels, and basal plasma glucose levels. (wur.nl)
Dive into the research topics of 'Segregation of microsatellite alleles and residual heterogosity at single loci in homozygous androgenetic common carp (Cyprino carpio L.)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (wur.nl)
Excel coded microsatellite repeat number data for Megalagrion xanthomelas across all loci, populations, and individuals. (datadryad.org)
Excel coded microsatellite repeat number data for Megalagrion pacificum across all loci, populations, and individuals. (datadryad.org)
Excel coded microsatellite repeat number data for Megalagrion xanthomelas and M. pacificum across all loci, populations, and individuals, with formatting prepared for GenePop. (datadryad.org)
Among the 55 primers pairs designed from clones from pathotype 3 of P. sorghi, 36 flanked microsatellite loci containing simple repeats, including 28 (55%) with dinucleotide repeats and 6 (11%) with trinucleotide repeats. (usda.gov)
The regions flanking the repeat sequence of published microsatellite loci in Chinook Salmon were also chosen to examine nucleotide variation. (critfc.org)
In addition, EST-derived microsatellite loci (also known as simple sequence repeats or SSRs) were isolated and characterized. (eurekamag.com)
Wide range of genetic variability supported the utility of these microsatellite loci in measurement of genetic diversity indices in other Indian cattle breeds too. (who.int)
Two (A)n microsatellite loci were cloned from the mtDNA of P. cinnamomi. (digglicious.com)
Microsatellite marker analysis involves PCR amplification of the microsatellite loci using fluorescently labeled primers that flank the repeated sequence. (digglicious.com)
We describe two tandem repeat loci, designated 'TR6' and 'TR10', which display extensive sequence variation that may be useful for sequence-based strain typing. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, microsatellite markers were employed in a redetermination of the pressures required to generate zebrafish half-tetrads with currently available equipment. (elsevier.com)
Two criteria were used to choose conditions for half tetrad gynogenesis: expected ploidy as confirmed with microsatellite markers and maximal egg viability. (elsevier.com)
Genetic diversity within and between European pig breeds using microsatellite markers. (semanticscholar.org)
The aim of this study was to use anonymous genetic markers to assess the between- and the within-population components of genetic diversity for European pig breeds at the scale of the whole continent using microsatellites. (semanticscholar.org)
A multi-farm assessment of Greek black pig genetic diversity using microsatellite molecular markers. (semanticscholar.org)
Assessment of genetic diversity, genetic characterization, and usefulness of an individual assignment test for 12 commercial chicken lines using 40 microsatellite markers found that assignment test could correctly allocate individuals at the line level to their origins, with a high accuracy. (semanticscholar.org)
Genetic diversity of Brazilian pig breeds evidenced by microsatellite markers. (semanticscholar.org)
Insight is provided into the use of microsatellite markers to reveal origin, genetic structure and diversity within and across various domestic pig breeds around the world. (semanticscholar.org)
But DNA markers called microsatellites have since been associated with birds of the various species. (answersingenesis.org)
This haplotype consisted of five SNP markers and two microsatellites, which all appear to be in strong linkage disequilibrium. (elsevier.com)
Thirty-three androgenetic progeny groups of common carp were analysed using 11 microsatellite markers to (i) verify the homozygous status of the 566 androgenetic individuals, (ii) analyse the microsatellite allele segregation, and (iii) study the possible association of microsatellite alleles with phenotypic traits. (wur.nl)
In this study, we presented the results of newly developed molecular microsatellites markers to detect the differences of sorghum downy mildew isolates and other related downy mildew isolates of corn, sugarcane, pearl millet and rose at the DNA level. (usda.gov)
A total of 260 alleles were obtained using 54 microsatellites primer combinations, with an average of 4.8 polymorphic markers per SSR across 34 Peronosclerospora, Peronospora and Sclerospora spp isolates studied. (usda.gov)
The repertoire of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic SSRs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study estimates genetic variability with a set of 25 microsatellite markers in a random sample of 50 animals of Tharparkar breed of Indian zebu (Bos indicus) cattle. (who.int)
Microsatellites were evaluated as genetic markers for the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of Phytophthora cinnamomi for population studies. (digglicious.com)
Highly polymorphic microsatellite markers can be used to identify individuals in the population. (digglicious.com)
A high-resolution map of genes, microsatellite markers, and new dinucleotide repeats from UBE1 to the GATA locus in the region Xp11.23. (medscape.com)
Microsatellite markers clearly separated cv. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), the genetic diversity of 43 populations of Festuca species from Oruro, La Paz, Potosi and Cochabamba departments was evaluated for the purpose of providing information for effective conservation and breeding. (slu.se)
In this study, 42 accessions from in vitro and field populations were genotyped using 11 microsatellite markers and 23 morphological descriptors to assess variability within and between accessions. (iita.org)

Here we show that TA-dinucleotide repeats are highly unstable in MSI cells and undergo large-scale expansions, distinct from previously described insertion or deletion mutations of a few nucleotides5. (crick.ac.uk)
In the absence of WRN, the expanded TA-dinucleotide repeats are susceptible to cleavage by the MUS81 nuclease, leading to massive chromosome shattering. (crick.ac.uk)

Alleles at a specific location (locus) can differ in the number of repeats. (mcqsonline.net)
A high heterogeneity of the polymorphic repeats was demonstrated, extending the range of the published alleles from 13 to 22 and allowing a first attempt at making a phenotype/genotype correlation. (elsevier.com)

Short repeated sequences of 3−6 nucleotides are causing a growing number of over 50 microsatellite expansion disorders, which mainly present with neurodegenerative features. (whiterose.ac.uk)
They form secondary and tertiary structures involving G-quadruplexes and atypical helices in repeated GC-rich sequences. (whiterose.ac.uk)
A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the genome. (usda.gov)
This means that the sequences are repeated one right after the other. (mcqsonline.net)
Tumors exhibit MMR deficiency, which is the consequence of somatic inactivation of the second allele of the affected gene and leads to instability of microsatellite sequences in the tumor genome. (nature.com)
Microsatellites" are not complete genomes but short repeated sequences useful for mapping kinship. (answersingenesis.org)
Replication slippage also increases DNA content by looping of the synthesized strand during DNA replication , but typically involves short sequence stretches such as microsatellites (short repeated sequences). (encyclopedia.com)
MSI tumors are the subset of CRC that are characterized by dysfunction of mismatch repair genes (MMR) causing failure to repair errors in repetitive DNA sequences called microsatellites. (digglicious.com)
Microsatellites or STRs are repetitive co-dominant sequences of 2-6 bp of DNA that are present throughout the entire genome. (digglicious.com)
Moreover, tandem repeat sequences enabled the reconstruction of the isolates' largely clonal population structure and evolutionary history. (biomedcentral.com)

In the literature they can also be called simple sequence repeats (SSR), short tandem repeats (STR), or variable number tandem repeats (VNTR). (mcqsonline.net)
MSI is a genomic tumor marker (or biomarker) characterized by the presence of multiple mutations caused by a variance in the length of short DNA sequence repeats in tumors compared with normal tissue. (ahdbonline.com)

Microsatellites exist in most biological genomes. (digglicious.com)
A total of 24 wheat cultivars and 5 wild progenitors of wheat were examined using 24 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers with a known physical locus on the A, B, and D genomes of hexaploid wheat. (tubitak.gov.tr)

The structure of MeCP2 in complex with a hydroxymethylated CA repeat reveals a characteristic DNA shape, with considerably modified geometry at the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is recognized specifically by Arg 133 , a key residue whose mutation causes Rett syndrome. (nih.gov)
For example, a specific microsatellite mutation in the TGFBR2 gene occurs in 60% to 80% of people with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. (cancer.gov)
Further correlation analyses between YIF1B expression and mutation indicators such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and mismatch repair (MMR) were also examined by the Spearman test. (silverchair.com)

Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene associated with biochemical variability of the catecholamine pathway in schizophrenia? (uhi.ac.uk)
Dive into the research topics of 'Is the polymorphic microsatellite repeat of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene associated with biochemical variability of the catecholamine pathway in schizophrenia? (uhi.ac.uk)

We hypothesized that microsatellite variation could expand the understanding of glioma etiology. (elsevier.com)
To date only one GWA-based study of variation in eggplant has been performed [ 16 ] but the present study used a larger number of accessions (191 vs 141 ) and a more densely populated genetic map (384 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) vs 105 microsatellites) and targeted traits related to anthocyanin accumulation and fruit color. (biomedcentral.com)

They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs). (usda.gov)
También se les conoce como repeticiones cortas en tándem (STRs). (bvsalud.org)

Depletion of MeCP2 alters chromatin organization of CA repeats and lamina-associated domains and results in nucleosome accumulation on CA repeats and genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation. (nih.gov)
Our work identifies MeCP2 as a microsatellite DNA binding protein that targets the 5hmC-modified CA-rich strand and maintains genome regions nucleosome-free, suggesting a role for MeCP2 dysfunction in Rett syndrome. (nih.gov)
An alternative RNA -mediated toxicity arises from microsatellite repeat instability in the human genome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Over the mapped portion of the genome of the cross, the QTL with the greatest effect upon yield was located within a 22 cM region between mlo and the simple sequence repeat HVM67 on chromosome 4(4H). (dundee.ac.uk)
Short tandem repeats are abundantly present within the genome. (elsevier.com)

Tumors that are mismatch repair-deficient end up accumulating alterations in these microsatellites, a condition known as microsatellite instability . (cancer.gov)
What's more, tumors that form in people with Lynch syndrome often have the same microsatellite mutations. (cancer.gov)
Here, we report the identification of frequent frameshift mutations in the coding mononucleotide repeat of TFAM in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and in primary tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), but not in microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC cell lines and tumors. (elsevier.com)
Chicago, IL-Tumors with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) are predictive of Lynch syndrome. (ahdbonline.com)
MSK-IMPACT also incorporates an MSI stratification algorithm that stratifies tumors as being MSI-H, MSI-indeterminate (MSI-I), or microsatellite stable (MSS). (ahdbonline.com)

Recent data suggests that some people with microsatellite instability-high cancer have evidence of an immune reaction against several of these shared neoantigens . (cancer.gov)
In 2011, researchers from DKFZ-the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg, Germany-began clinical testing of a neoantigen vaccine in people who had advanced colorectal cancer that was microsatellite instability-high. (cancer.gov)
Based on the results from the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-775/Study 309 trial, KEYTRUDA plus LENVIMA has been approved in the U.S. for patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is not microsatellite instability-high or dMMR, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. (merck.com)

Adding to the complexity of pathogenesis, microsatellite repeat expansions are polymorphic and found in coding as well as in non-coding regions of genes. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Unwinding of these structures by RNA helicases plays multiple roles in the expression of genes including repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of polymeric-repeat proteins with aggregating and cytotoxic properties. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes such as MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, and it is found in 10% to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). (digglicious.com)

This is the first report that an anti-cancer agent can inhibit mmp-9 gene expression by inducing microsatellite DNA shortening. (elsevier.com)
Several of these microsatellites have been described within the β-globin locus and some could be involved in controlling gene expression. (elsevier.com)
Our purpose was to investigate the extent and significance of the (TG)n(CG)m dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the two γ-globin gene IVS2s. (elsevier.com)
Thus, our in vivo and in vitro data raise the question of a possible contribution of the γ-gene IVS2s polymorphic microsatellites to the variable Hb F synthesis in the major haemoglobinopathies: a well known, puzzling and still unanswered question. (elsevier.com)
BACKGROUND: The cactus family (Cactaceae) has been reported to have evolved a minimal photosynthetic plastome size, with the loss of inverted-repeat (IR) regions and NDH gene suites. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we will briefly review the pathogenic mechanisms mediated by microsatellite repeat expansions prior to focus on the RNA helicases eIF4A, DDX3X and DHX36 which act as modifiers of RAN translation in C9ORF72-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (C9ORF72-ALS/FTD) and Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). (whiterose.ac.uk)
In addition, we will contrast these with the roles of other RNA helicases such as DDX19/20, senataxin and others which have been associated with neurodegeneration independently of microsatellite repeat expansions. (whiterose.ac.uk)

A microsatellite consists of a specific sequence of DNA bases or nucleotides which contains mono, di, tri, or tetra tandem repeats. (mcqsonline.net)

What is a microsatellite stable tumor? (digglicious.com)

The expressed mutational landscape of microsatellite stable colorectal cancers. (uib.no)

Is microsatellite stable good or bad? (digglicious.com)

Genotyping is the process to identify the genotype of each microsatellite. (digglicious.com)

The RecQ DNA helicase WRN is a synthetic lethal target for cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI), a form of genetic hypermutability that arises from impaired mismatch repair1-4. (crick.ac.uk)
Short repeated segments of DNA called microsatellites are especially prone to DNA mismatch errors. (cancer.gov)

Here we show that mouse MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that specifically recognizes hydroxymethylated CA repeats. (nih.gov)

Aumento del número de repeticiones de una secuencia genómica de ADN repetida en tándem de una generación a la siguiente. (bvsalud.org)

Genotyping of a range of cultivars and sources of Mlo resistance with the HVM67 simple sequence repeat showed that the Derkado HVM67 allele was rare as it was found only in one other cultivar and four land-races or sources of disease resistance. (dundee.ac.uk)

Microsatellites are widely used for DNA profiling, also known as "genetic fingerprinting", of crime stains (in forensics) and of tissues (in transplant patients). (digglicious.com)
Based on an investigation of 154 C. difficile isolates comprising 75 ribotypes, tandem repeat sequencing demonstrated excellent concordance with widely used PCR ribotyping and equal discriminatory power. (biomedcentral.com)

Microsatellite, as related to genomics, refers to a short segment of DNA, usually one to six or more base pairs in length, that is repeated multiple times in succession at a particular genomic location. (digglicious.com)
An increase number of repeats of a genomic, tandemly repeated DNA sequence from one generation to the next. (bvsalud.org)

They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. (usda.gov)
3. Short sequence (2-5) repeat DNA. (mcqsonline.net)

Where does microsatellite DNA present in the chromosome? (digglicious.com)
Explanation: Microsatellite DNA is less than 150bp and found in a dispersed condition all over the chromosome. (digglicious.com)

A population conazole resistance alone is of concern, but widespread genetic analysis of microsatellites showed the existence of azole cross-resistance would be devastating. (cdc.gov)
Assessing genetic diversity and population structure for commercial chicken lines based on forty microsatellite analyses. (semanticscholar.org)

Microsatellites are amplified by PCR using fluorescently labeled primers and the amplicons are separated using CE. (digglicious.com)

Here, we examine the genetic consequences of fluctuating island areas and connectivity using microsatellite analysis of 2 widespread, endemic Hawaiian damselflies. (datadryad.org)

We will further review the RNA helicases DDX5/17, DHX9, Dicer and UPF1 which play additional roles in the dysregulation of RNA metabolism in repeat expansion disorders. (whiterose.ac.uk)

Are there microsatellites in mitochondrial DNA? (digglicious.com)

Expanded TA repeats form non-B DNA secondary structures that stall replication forks, activate the ATR checkpoint kinase, and require unwinding by the WRN helicase. (crick.ac.uk)

The workflow of microsatellite genotyping generally involves specific primer design, amplification of microsatellites, and Polymorphism testing. (digglicious.com)

A microsatellite-based study of genetic diversity on southern African pig populations suggested a true genetic structure with significant differentiation between most populations sampled, but with little differentiation among the commercial SA Landrace and Large White breeds. (semanticscholar.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/8354)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/8354)

Multiple target sites of allelic imbalance on chromosome 17 in Barrett's oesophageal cancer. (3/8354)

p73 at chromosome 1p36.3 is lost in advanced stage neuroblastoma but its mutation is infrequent. (4/8354)

Genomic organization of the KCNQ1 K+ channel gene and identification of C-terminal mutations in the long-QT syndrome. (5/8354)

Genomic structure and alterations of homeobox gene CDX2 in colorectal carcinomas. (6/8354)

Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese. (7/8354)

Characterization of a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat in Pasteurella haemolytica and its possible role in modulation of a novel type III restriction-modification system. (8/8354)

Microsatellite Repeats

Dinucleotide Repeats

DNA, Satellite

Trinucleotide Repeats

Alleles

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Genetic Markers

Microsatellite Instability

Polymorphism, Genetic

Base Sequence

Chromosome Mapping

Molecular Sequence Data

DNA Primers

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Genome

Pedigree

DNA

Genetic Variation

Tandem Repeat Sequences

Genetic Loci

Loss of Heterozygosity

Genetics, Population

DNA, Plant

Minisatellite Repeats

Genotype

Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion

Heterozygote

MutS Homolog 2 Protein

Genetic Linkage

Endangered Species

DNA, Neoplasm

Mutation

Base Pair Mismatch

Ankyrin Repeat

Colorectal Neoplasms

Gene Frequency

Haplotypes

DNA Mismatch Repair

Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid

Gene Flow

Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis

Phylogeny

Frameshift Mutation

DNA Sequence, Unstable

Geography

Species Specificity

Lod Score

Inverted Repeat Sequences

Models, Genetic

DNA Repeat Expansion

Genomic Instability

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing

DNA Mutational Analysis

Nuclear Proteins

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3

Phenotype

Paternity

Linkage Disequilibrium

Evolution, Molecular

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/8354)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/8354)

Multiple target sites of allelic imbalance on chromosome 17 in Barrett's oesophageal cancer. (3/8354)

p73 at chromosome 1p36.3 is lost in advanced stage neuroblastoma but its mutation is infrequent. (4/8354)

Genomic organization of the KCNQ1 K+ channel gene and identification of C-terminal mutations in the long-QT syndrome. (5/8354)

Genomic structure and alterations of homeobox gene CDX2 in colorectal carcinomas. (6/8354)

Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, mutation of type II transforming growth factor beta receptor and BAX in gastric carcinomas in Hong Kong Chinese. (7/8354)

Characterization of a CACAG pentanucleotide repeat in Pasteurella haemolytica and its possible role in modulation of a novel type III restriction-modification system. (8/8354)

Microsatellite repeats - definition of Microsatellite repeats by The Free Dictionary

Characterization and multiplex genotyping of alpaca tetranucleotide microsatellite markers

Isolation and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the deep-sea shrimp Nematocarcinus lanceopes ...

Isolation of novel microsatellite loci in Orchesella villosa (Arthropoda, Collembola). | IRIS Università degli Studi di Siena

Microsatellite Instability in Sarcoma: Fact or Fiction? : Figure 1

IJMS | Free Full-Text | Characterization of Novel Di-, Tri-, and Tetranucleotide Microsatellite Primers Suitable for Genotyping...

The Rate and Spectrum of Microsatellite Mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia pulex | Genetics

Microsatellite instability did not predict individual survival in sporadic stage II and III rectal cancer patients

Inactivation from the DNA mismatch restoration pathway manifests while microsatellite instability, - Emerging Bcl-2 inhibitors...

Microsatellite Mutations and Inferences About Human Demography | Genetics

Distinct patterns of microsatellite instability are seen in tumours of the urinary tract. - Surgical Intervention Trials Unit

Microsatellite instability and allelic imbalance in primary and secondary colorectal cancer<...