AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
MicroinjectionsMedulla OblongataPonsSolitary NucleusMuscimolBradycardiaGABA AgonistsUrocortinsSplanchnic NervesDecerebrate StateBicucullineReticular FormationVagotomyParaventricular Hypothalamic NucleusRaphe NucleiRats, Sprague-DawleyPeriaqueductal GraySleep, REMSympathetic Nervous SystemRats, WistarNucleus AccumbensGlutamic AcidPhrenic NerveHeart RateTegmentum MesencephaliKynurenic AcidGABA AntagonistsOncogene Proteins v-fosDrug Administration RoutesBehavior, AnimalCatsReceptors, Corticotropin-Releasing HormoneCholinergic AgonistsAmphibian ProteinsBlood PressureBaroreflexVagus NerveIbotenic AcidRespiratory RateBrain StemMuscle TonusStereotaxic TechniquesCholinergic FibersBaclofenExcitatory Amino Acid AgonistsDose-Response Relationship, DrugHypoglossal NerveExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsCardiovascular SystemVentral Tegmental AreaWakefulnessLidocaineGABA-A Receptor Antagonists8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralinReflexNeuronsTrigeminal NucleiArterial PressureNeural PathwaysInjections, IntraventricularCarbacholEnkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-Corticotropin-Releasing HormoneHypothalamusAdrenergic FibersAmygdalaSerotonin Receptor AgonistsDopamine AntagonistsSympathomimeticsPreoptic AreaReceptors, GlutamateMesencephalonCocainegamma-Aminobutyric AcidSerotonin AntagonistsConditioning, OperantElectromyographyConditioning, ClassicalArcuate NucleusMotor ActivityMorphineGlobus PallidusSelf AdministrationAniline CompoundsReceptors, OpioidReceptors, SerotoninRespirationElectric StimulationDyskinesia, Drug-InducedN-MethylaspartateAnalysis of VarianceNeuropeptidesChemoreceptor CellsInjectionsFearElectroshockReinforcement (Psychology)Peptide HormonesKainic AcidDopamine Agonists
Microinjections
The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.
Medulla Oblongata
The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.
Pons
The front part of the hindbrain (RHOMBENCEPHALON) that lies between the MEDULLA and the midbrain (MESENCEPHALON) ventral to the cerebellum. It is composed of two parts, the dorsal and the ventral. The pons serves as a relay station for neural pathways between the CEREBELLUM to the CEREBRUM.
Solitary Nucleus
GRAY MATTER located in the dorsomedial part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA associated with the solitary tract. The solitary nucleus receives inputs from most organ systems including the terminations of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. It is a major coordinator of AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gustatory, gastrointestinal, and chemoreceptive aspects of HOMEOSTASIS. The solitary nucleus is also notable for the large number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS which are found therein.
Muscimol
A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.
GABA Agonists
Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA).
Urocortins
Neuropeptides of about 40 amino acids which are structurally similar to CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR. Unlike CRF acting primarily through type 1 CRF RECEPTORS, urocortins signal preferentially through type 2 CRF receptors. Urocortins have wide tissue distribution from fish to mammals, and diverse functions. In mammals, urocortins can suppress food intake, delays gastric emptying, and decreases heat-induced edema.
Splanchnic Nerves
The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.
Decerebrate State
A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)
Bicuculline
An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.
Reticular Formation
A region extending from the PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA through the MESENCEPHALON, characterized by a diversity of neurons of various sizes and shapes, arranged in different aggregations and enmeshed in a complicated fiber network.
Vagotomy
The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.
Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
Nucleus in the anterior part of the HYPOTHALAMUS.
Raphe Nuclei
Collections of small neurons centrally scattered among many fibers from the level of the TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS in the midbrain to the hypoglossal area in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Periaqueductal Gray
Central gray matter surrounding the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT in the MESENCEPHALON. Physiologically it is probably involved in RAGE reactions, the LORDOSIS REFLEX; FEEDING responses, bladder tonus, and pain.
Sleep, REM
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern EEG. It is usually associated with dreaming.
Sympathetic Nervous System
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Nucleus Accumbens
Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.
Glutamic Acid
A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Phrenic Nerve
The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.
Heart Rate
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Tegmentum Mesencephali
Portion of midbrain situated under the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI. The two ventrolateral cylindrical masses or peduncles are large nerve fiber bundles providing a tract of passage between the FOREBRAIN with the HINDBRAIN. Ventral MIDBRAIN also contains three colorful structures: the GRAY MATTER (PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY), the black substance (SUBSTANTIA NIGRA), and the RED NUCLEUS.
Kynurenic Acid
A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.
GABA Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and GABA RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
Oncogene Proteins v-fos
Transforming proteins coded by fos oncogenes. These proteins have been found in the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses which induce osteogenic sarcomas in mice. The FBJ-MSV v-fos gene encodes a p55-kDa protein and the FBR-MSV v-fos gene encodes a p75-kDa fusion protein.
Drug Administration Routes
The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Cell surface proteins that bind corticotropin-releasing hormone with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The corticotropin releasing-hormone receptors on anterior pituitary cells mediate the stimulation of corticotropin release by hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor. The physiological consequence of activating corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors on central neurons is not well understood.
Cholinergic Agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors.
Amphibian Proteins
Proteins obtained from species in the class of AMPHIBIANS.
Blood Pressure
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Baroreflex
A response by the BARORECEPTORS to increased BLOOD PRESSURE. Increased pressure stretches BLOOD VESSELS which activates the baroreceptors in the vessel walls. The net response of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is a reduction of central sympathetic outflow. This reduces blood pressure both by decreasing peripheral VASCULAR RESISTANCE and by lowering CARDIAC OUTPUT. Because the baroreceptors are tonically active, the baroreflex can compensate rapidly for both increases and decreases in blood pressure.
Vagus Nerve
The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
Ibotenic Acid
A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.
Respiratory Rate
The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.
Brain Stem
The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
Muscle Tonus
The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Stereotaxic Techniques
Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.
Cholinergic Fibers
Nerve fibers liberating acetylcholine at the synapse after an impulse.
Baclofen
A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.
Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Hypoglossal Nerve
The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
Cardiovascular System
The HEART and the BLOOD VESSELS by which BLOOD is pumped and circulated through the body.
Ventral Tegmental Area
A region in the MESENCEPHALON which is dorsomedial to the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and ventral to the RED NUCLEUS. The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate here, including an important projection to the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. Overactivity of the cells in this area has been suspected to contribute to the positive symptoms of SCHIZOPHRENIA.
Wakefulness
A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.
Lidocaine
A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.
GABA-A Receptor Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA-A RECEPTORS thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous GABA-A RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.
Reflex
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Trigeminal Nuclei
Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve situated in the brain stem. They include the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS, SPINAL), the principal sensory nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus, and the motor nucleus.
Arterial Pressure
The blood pressure in the ARTERIES. It is commonly measured with a SPHYGMOMANOMETER on the upper arm which represents the arterial pressure in the BRACHIAL ARTERY.
Neural Pathways
Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.
Injections, Intraventricular
Injections into the cerebral ventricles.
Carbachol
A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.
Hypothalamus
Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.
Adrenergic Fibers
Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse.
Amygdala
Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.
Serotonin Receptor Agonists
Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate SEROTONIN RECEPTORS. Many serotonin receptor agonists are used as ANTIDEPRESSANTS; ANXIOLYTICS; and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
Dopamine Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.
Sympathomimetics
Drugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters.
Preoptic Area
Region of hypothalamus between the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE and OPTIC CHIASM.
Receptors, Glutamate
Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases.
Mesencephalon
The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.
Cocaine
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Serotonin Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
Conditioning, Operant
Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.
Electromyography
Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.
Conditioning, Classical
Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Arcuate Nucleus
A nucleus located in the middle hypothalamus in the most ventral part of the third ventricle near the entrance of the infundibular recess. Its small cells are in close contact with the ependyma.
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Morphine
The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.
Globus Pallidus
The representation of the phylogenetically oldest part of the corpus striatum called the paleostriatum. It forms the smaller, more medial part of the lentiform nucleus.
Self Administration
Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.
Aniline Compounds
Receptors, Opioid
Cell membrane proteins that bind opioids and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors in mammals include three families of peptides, the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The receptor classes include mu, delta, and kappa receptors. Sigma receptors bind several psychoactive substances, including certain opioids, but their endogenous ligands are not known.
Receptors, Serotonin
Cell-surface proteins that bind SEROTONIN and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Several types of serotonin receptors have been recognized which differ in their pharmacology, molecular biology, and mode of action.
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)
N-Methylaspartate
An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Neuropeptides
Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.
Chemoreceptor Cells
Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.
Injections
Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.
Fear
The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.
Electroshock
Induction of a stress reaction in experimental subjects by means of an electrical shock; applies to either convulsive or non-convulsive states.
Reinforcement (Psychology)
The strengthening of a conditioned response.
Peptide Hormones
Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic.
Kainic Acid
(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.
Dopamine Agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Extinction, Psychological
The procedure of presenting the conditioned stimulus without REINFORCEMENT to an organism previously conditioned. It refers also to the diminution of a conditioned response resulting from this procedure.
Anesthetics, Local
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Naloxone
A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.
Narcotic Antagonists
Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.
Atenolol
A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.
Feeding Behavior
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Electroencephalography
Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.
Sleep
A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.
Pressoreceptors
Receptors in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which are sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls.
Denervation
The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Hormone Antagonists
Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
Reward
An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.
Stimulation, Chemical
The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Body Temperature
The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.
Spinal Cord
A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.
Locomotion
Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.
Analgesics, Opioid
Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Anesthesia, General
Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.
Synaptic Transmission
The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.
Neural Inhibition
The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.
Action Potentials
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Motor Neurons
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Cues
Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.
Rats, Long-Evans
An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.
Receptors, GABA-A
Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. Each receptor is assembled as a pentamer from a pool of at least 19 different possible subunits. The receptors belong to a superfamily that share a common CYSTEINE loop.
Microdialysis
A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.
Drug Interactions
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
Motivation
Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.
Glycine
A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Reaction Time
The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.
Angiotensin II
An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

Inducible long-term gene expression in brain with adeno-associated virus gene transfer. (1/4631)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors hold promise for treating a number of neurological disorders due to the ability to deliver long-term gene expression without toxicity or immune response. Critical to these endeavors will be controlled expression of the therapeutic gene in target cells. We have constructed and tested a dual cassette rAAV vector carrying a reporter gene under the control of the tetracycline-responsive system and the tetracycline transactivator. Transduction in vitro resulted in stable expression from the vector that can be suppressed 20-fold by tetracycline treatment. In vivo experiments, carried out to 6 weeks, demonstrated that vector-transduced expression is sustained until doxycycline administration upon which reporter gene expression is reduced. Moreover, the suppression of vector-driven expression can be reversed by removal of the drug. These studies demonstrate long-term regulated gene expression from rAAV vectors. This system will provide a valuable approach for controlling vector gene expression both in vitro and in vivo.  (+info)

Astrocyte-specific expression of tyrosine hydroxylase after intracerebral gene transfer induces behavioral recovery in experimental parkinsonism. (2/4631)

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the depletion of dopamine in the caudate putamen. Dopamine replacement with levodopa, a precursor of the neurotransmitter, is presently the most common treatment for this disease. However, in an effort to obtain better therapeutic results, tissue or cells that synthesize catecholamines have been grafted into experimental animals and human patients. In this paper, we present a novel technique to express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the host's own astrocytes. This procedure uses a transgene in which the expression of a TH cDNA is under the control of a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, which confers astrocyte-specific expression and also increases its activity in response to brain injury. The method was tested in a rat model of Parkinson's disease produced by lesioning the striatum with 6-hydroxydopamine. Following microinjection of the transgene into the denervated striatum as a DNA-liposome complex, expression of the transgene was detected by RT-PCR and TH protein was observed specifically in astrocytes by using double-labeling immunofluorescence for GFAP and TH coupled with laser confocal microscopy. Efficacy was demonstrated by significant behavioral recovery, as assessed by a decrease in the pharmacologically induced turning behavior generated by the unilateral denervation of the rat striatum. These results suggest this is a valuable technique to express molecules of therapeutic interest in the brain.  (+info)

An intact sperm nuclear matrix may be necessary for the mouse paternal genome to participate in embryonic development. (3/4631)

We have been interested in determining the minimally required elements in the sperm head that are necessary in order for the paternal genome to participate in embryogenesis. We used an ionic detergent, mixed alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (ATAB), plus dithiothreitol (DTT) to remove the acrosome and almost all of the perinuclear theca, leaving only the sperm nucleus morphologically intact. We also tested the stability of the sperm nuclear matrix by the ability to form nuclear halos. Sperm nuclei washed in freshly prepared 0.5% ATAB + 2 mM DTT completely decondensed when extracted with salt, but nuclei washed in the same buffer that was 1 wk old, and then extracted with salt, produced nuclear halos, indicating stable nuclear matrices. When we treated sperm heads with freshly prepared ATAB+DTT and injected them into oocytes, none of the oocytes developed into live offspring. In contrast, sperm heads treated in the same way but with 1-wk-old ATAB+DTT solution could support development of about 30% of the oocytes to live offspring. Electron microscopy demonstrated that most of the perinuclear theca had been removed in both cases. These data suggest that at least in the mouse, the only component of the spermatozoa that is crucial for participation in embryologic development is the sperm nucleus with a stable nuclear matrix.  (+info)

A novel trans-complementation assay suggests full mammalian oocyte activation is coordinately initiated by multiple, submembrane sperm components. (4/4631)

To initiate normal embryonic development, an egg must receive a signal to become activated at fertilization. We here report that the ability of demembranated sperm heads to activate is abolished after incubation over the range 20-44 degreesC and is sensitive to reducing agents. On the basis of this observation, we have developed a microinjection-based, trans-complementation assay in order to dissect the heat-inactivated sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor(s) (SOAF). We demonstrate that the failure of heat-inactivated sperm heads to activate an egg is rescued by coinjection with dithiothreitol-solubilized SOAF from demembranated sperm heads. The solubilized SOAF (SOAFs) is trypsin sensitive and is liberated from demembranated heads in a temperature-dependent manner that inversely correlates with the ability of sperm heads to activate. This argues that SOAFs is a proteinaceous molecular species required to initiate activation. Injection of oocytes with mouse or hamster sperm cytosolic factors, but not SOAFs alone, induced resumption of meiosis, further suggesting that these cytosolic factors and SOAF are distinct. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that full mammalian oocyte activation is initiated by the coordinated action of one or more heat-sensitive protein constituents of the perinuclear matrix and at least one heat-stable submembrane component.  (+info)

PrKX is a novel catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulated by the regulatory subunit type I. (5/4631)

The human X chromosome-encoded protein kinase X (PrKX) belongs to the family of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. The catalytically active recombinant enzyme expressed in COS cells phosphorylates the heptapeptide Kemptide (LRRASLG) with a specific activity of 1.5 micromol/(min.mg). Using surface plasmon resonance, high affinity interactions were demonstrated with the regulatory subunit type I (RIalpha) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (KD = 10 nM) and the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor (KD = 15 nM), but not with the type II regulatory subunit (RIIalpha, KD = 2.3 microM) under physiological conditions. Kemptide and autophosphorylation activities of PrKX are strongly inhibited by the RIalpha subunit and by protein kinase inhibitor in vitro, but only weakly by the RIIalpha subunit. The inhibition by the RIalpha subunit is reversed by addition of nanomolar concentrations of cAMP (Ka = 40 nM), thus demonstrating that PrKX is a novel, type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase that is activated at lower cAMP concentrations than the holoenzyme with the Calpha subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Microinjection data clearly indicate that the type I R subunit but not type II binds to PrKX in vivo, preventing the translocation of PrKX to the nucleus in the absence of cAMP. The RIIalpha subunit is an excellent substrate for PrKX and is phosphorylated in vitro in a cAMP-independent manner. We discuss how PrKX can modulate the cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway by preferential binding to the RIalpha subunit and by phosphorylating the RIIalpha subunit in the absence of cAMP.  (+info)

Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat. (6/4631)

The effects of cannabinoid agonists on noxious heat-evoked firing of 62 spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were examined in urethan-anesthetized rats (1 cell/animal). Noxious thermal stimulation was applied with a Peltier device to the receptive fields in the ipsilateral hindpaw of isolated WDR neurons. To assess the site of action, cannabinoids were administered systemically in intact and spinally transected rats and intraventricularly. Both the aminoalkylindole cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (125 microg/kg iv) and the bicyclic cannabinoid CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv) suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity. Responses evoked by mild pressure in nonnociceptive neurons were not altered by CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv), consistent with previous observations with another cannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2. The cannabinoid induced-suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity was blocked by pretreatment with SR141716A (1 mg/kg iv), a competitive antagonist for central cannabinoid CB1 receptors. By contrast, intravenous administration of either vehicle or the receptor-inactive enantiomer WIN55,212-3 (125 microg/kg) failed to alter noxious heat-evoked activity. The suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity induced by WIN55,212-2 in the lumbar dorsal horn of intact animals was markedly attenuated in spinal rats. Moreover, intraventricular administration of WIN55,212-2 suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity in spinal WDR neurons. By contrast, both vehicle and enantiomer were inactive. These findings suggest that cannabinoids selectively modulate the activity of nociceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn by actions at CB1 receptors. This modulation represents a suppression of pain neurotransmission because the inhibitory effects are selective for pain-sensitive neurons and are observed with different modalities of noxious stimulation. The data also provide converging lines of evidence for a role for descending antinociceptive mechanisms in cannabinoid modulation of spinal nociceptive processing.  (+info)

Incompetence of preovulatory mouse oocytes to undergo cortical granule exocytosis following induced calcium oscillations. (7/4631)

Immature oocytes of many species are incompetent to undergo cortical granule (CG) exocytosis upon fertilization. In mouse eggs, CG exocytosis is dependent primarily on an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). While deficiencies upstream of [Ca2+]i release are known, this study examined whether downstream deficiencies also contribute to the incompetence of preovulatory mouse oocytes to release CGs. The experimental strategy was to bypass upstream deficiencies by inducing normal, fertilization-like [Ca2+]i oscillations in fully grown, germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes and determine if the extent of CG exocytosis was restored to levels observed in mature, metaphase II (MII)-stage eggs. Because IP3 does not stimulate a normal Ca2+ response in GV-stage oocytes, three alternate methods were used to induce oscillations: thimerosal treatment, electroporation, and sperm factor injection. Long-lasting oscillations from thimerosal treatment resulted in 64 and 10% mean CG release at the MII and GV stages, respectively (P < 0.001). Three electrical pulses induced mean [Ca2+]i elevations of approximately 730 and 650 nM in MII- and GV-stage oocytes, respectively, and 31% CG release in MII-stage eggs and 9% in GV-stage oocytes (P < 0.001). Sperm factor microinjection resulted in 86% CG release in MII-stage eggs, while similarly treated GV-stage oocytes exhibited < 1% CG release (P < 0.001). Taken together, these results demonstrate a deficiency downstream of [Ca2+]i release which is developmentally regulated in the 12 h prior to ovulation.  (+info)

Neuronal differentiation and patterning in Xenopus: the role of cdk5 and a novel activator xp35.2. (8/4631)

Cdk5, a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, has been shown to play an important role in development of the central nervous system in mammals when partnered by its activator p35. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of a novel activator of cdk5 in Xenopus, Xp35.2. Xp35.2 is expressed during development initially in the earliest differentiating primary neurons in the neural plate and then later in differentiating neural tissue of the brain. This is in contrast to the previously described Xenopus cdk5 activator Xp35.1 which is expressed over the entire expanse of the neural plate in both proliferating and differentiating cells. Expression of both Xp35.1 and Xp35.2 and activation of cdk5 kinase occur when terminal neural differentiation is induced by neurogenin and neuro D overexpression but not when only early stages of neural differentiation are induced by noggin. Moreover, blocking cdk5 kinase activity specifically results in disruption and reduction of the embryonic eye where cdk5 and its Xp35 activators are expressed. Thus, cdk5/p35 complexes function in aspects of neural differentiation and patterning in the early embryo and particularly in formation of the eye.  (+info)

Characterization of PC2, a mammalian Kex2 homologue, following expression of the cDNA in microinjected Xenopus oocytes<...Characterization of PC2, a mammalian Kex2 homologue, following expression of the cDNA in microinjected Xenopus oocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of PC2, a mammalian Kex2 homologue, following expression of the cDNA in microinjected Xenopus oocytes. AU - Shennan, K I. AU - Smeekens, S P. AU - Steiner, D F. AU - Docherty, K. PY - 1991/6/24. Y1 - 1991/6/24. N2 - A human insulinoma cDNA (PC2) that encodes a protein homologous to the Kex2/subtilisin-like proteinases has recently been described [1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2997-3000]. In order to characterise the associated proteinase activity, mRNA encoding PC2 was synthesised in vitro and microinjected into Xenopus oocytes. The proteinase activity released into the media from oocytes microinjected with PC2 mRNA was assayed using small peptide fluorogenic substrates. Boc.Gln.Arg.Arg aminomethyl coumarin was hydrolysed in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, but substrate analogues bearing a single basic aminoacid were not. The substrate specificity, inhibitor profile, and pH optimum of 5.5 were compatible with an involvement of PC2 in prohormone processing in mammalian ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/characterization-of-pc2-a-mammalian-kex2-homologue-following-expr
THE INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF FERRITIN FOLLOWING MICROINJECTION | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University PressTHE INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF FERRITIN FOLLOWING MICROINJECTION | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Ferritin solutions were microinjected into the ground cytoplasm of intact amebae. At several time-intervals after injection the cells were fixed and the distrib
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/12/1/159/341/THE-INTRACELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION-OF-FERRITIN
Genetically Engineered Mice by Pronuclear DNA Microinjection - Current ProtocolsGenetically Engineered Mice by Pronuclear DNA Microinjection - Current Protocols
The generation of transgenic mice by DNA microinjection is a powerful tool to investigate the molecular regulation of gene expression, development, and disease
http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/CPUnit/refId-mo110168.html
α-Adrenergic receptor agonists, but not antagonists, alter the tail-flick latency when microinjected into the rostral...α-Adrenergic receptor agonists, but not antagonists, alter the tail-flick latency when microinjected into the rostral...
TY - JOUR. T1 - α-Adrenergic receptor agonists, but not antagonists, alter the tail-flick latency when microinjected into the rostral ventromedial medulla of the lightly anesthetized rat. AU - Haws, C. M.. AU - Heinricher, Mary. AU - Fields, H. L.. PY - 1990/11/19. Y1 - 1990/11/19. N2 - The present experiments, part of an ongoing study designed to characterise the role norepinephrine (NE) in regulating the activity of putative nociceptive modulatory neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), assessed the effects of α-adrenergic receptor-selective agents on the nociceptive threshold (as measured by the tail-flick withdrawal response on noxious heat). These microinjection studies were carried out in the barbiturate-anesthetized rat, a preparation which is favourable for acute neurophysiological studies. The data obtained demonstrate that, as observed by others in the awake animal, activation of α2-adrenergic receptors in the RVM produces hypoalgesia. However, unlike in the awake animal, ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/%CE%B1-adrenergic-receptor-agonists-but-not-antagonists-alter-the-tail-2
The dynamics of transgene expression in embryos subjected to cytoplasmic microinjection with round p2IS-UBC-eGFP plasmids...
Piglets glow green, thanks to cytoplasmic injection reproductive techniquePiglets glow green, thanks to cytoplasmic injection reproductive technique
(Phys.org) -Along with red, green is the color of this holiday season. And bright green is showing up in more than just decorations. In Guangdong Province in Southern China, ten transgenic piglets have been born this ...
https://phys.org/print307089188.html
Edgar M. Pera - Personal PageEdgar M. Pera - Personal Page
The research of the group aims at investigating the molecular network that underlies the initial steps of nervous system development in vertebrate embryos. In recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the signals that are involved. An important realization was that the inductive events are regulated by a small set of cell-cell signaling pathways that are integrated in the embryo and trigger distinct cell fate changes and morphogenetic responses. With its large egg size, high number of embryos, and rapid external development, the frog Xenopus laevis provides a favorable model system for the study of signaling events. We developed a novel method designated secretion cloning that allowed the isolation of secreted proteins as full-length cDNA clones, which could be directly used for functional characterization in mRNA microinjection experiments (Pera and De Robertis, Mech. Dev., 2000; Pera et al., Int. J. Dev. Biol., 2005). We introduced an active role for Insulin-like growth ...
https://www.xenbase.org/community/person.do?method=display&personId=1305&tabId=0
Inactivation of Rac and Rho in NA13 cells inhibits EGF | Open-iInactivation of Rac and Rho in NA13 cells inhibits EGF | Open-i
Inactivation of Rac and Rho in NA13 cells inhibits EGF-induced actin rearrangements. Confocal micrographs of cells microinjected with an expression construct
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2132955_JCB9806107.f7&req=4
Browse by Person - InterNano Nanomanufacturing LibraryBrowse by Person - InterNano Nanomanufacturing Library
Yoon, Sung-Hwan and Lee, Jun S. and Im, Ji-Sun and Xiong, Xugang and Cha, Nam-Goo and Mead, Joey L. and Barry, Carol M. F.. (2008) Effect of Tooling Surface Roughness in Micro-Injection Molding. In: MSEC. ...
http://eprints.internano.org/view/person/Im=3AJi-Sun=3A=3A.html
Mold-Masters Co-injection CONNECT | MilacronMold-Masters Co-injection CONNECT | Milacron
Mold-Masters CO-INJECTION CONNECT solution includes everything you need to easily and economically convert your existing single shot injection molding equipment
https://www.milacron.com/ja/product/kortec-connect/
Co-Injection ApplicationsCo-Injection Applications
Mold-Masters Co-injection Technology has been proven valuable for enhancing performance of a wide range of everyday packaging products across every industry.
https://www.milacron.com/products/co-injection-molding/co-injection-applications/
Vacuum Venting Enhances the Replication of Nano/Microfeatures in Micro-Injection Molding Process | Journal of Micro and Nano...Vacuum Venting Enhances the Replication of Nano/Microfeatures in Micro-Injection Molding Process | Journal of Micro and Nano...
Vacuum venting is a method proposed to improve feature replication in microparts that are fabricated using micro-injection molding (MIM). A qualitative and quantitative study has been carried out to investigate the effect of vacuum venting on the nano/microfeature replication in MIM. Anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) containing nanofeatures and a bulk metallic glass (BMG) tool mold containing microfeatures were used as mold inserts. The effect of vacuum pressure at constant vacuum time, and of vacuum time at constant vacuum pressure on the replication of these features is investigated. It is found that vacuum venting qualitatively enhances the nanoscale feature definition as well as increases the area of feature replication. In the quantitative study, higher aspect ratio (AR) features can be replicated more effectively using vacuum venting. Increasing both vacuum pressure and vacuum time are found to improve the depth of replication, with the vacuum pressure having more influence. Feature ...
http://micronanomanufacturing.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2520826
Schwann cells induce sprouting in motor and sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord | Journal of NeuroscienceSchwann cells induce sprouting in motor and sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord | Journal of Neuroscience
Circumscribed lesions were made within either the corticospinal tract or the ascending dorsal column tracts at the upper cervical level in adult rats. The responses of the tract axons were studied by orthograde transport from injections of horseradish peroxidase or biocytin. At 2 d, the ends of the cut axons were swollen, and the lesions induced en passant varicosities in the adjacent uncut axons. Although there have been reports of retraction, we found that even after several weeks, large numbers of cut axons still persisted in the central lesion area (where there was complete tissue destruction and intense macrophage infiltration), and also in the adjacent regions of the tract. The cut ends were expanded into a variety of shapes--large, complex, bulbous, and recurved--and many had profuse local branches with or without small, terminal-type varicosities. A suspension of Schwann cells cultured from neonatal sciatic nerve was injected by a minimally traumatic air pressure microinjection technique ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/14/7/4050?ijkey=c8c0206bd0579d15bb7e126689910959b47508fe&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - Research portal
In order to elucidate gene function and regulation, transgenic mouse models have become indispensable to genetic research. In particular, Gene Targeting, utilizing Homologous Recombination (HR) in cultured pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells, has become an integral tool to study specific gene function and regulation. However, highly sophisticated microinjection techniques are also still crucial methods for generating transgenic animal models. To overcome the current technical and biological limitations in gene targeting, two innovative approaches were developed in this work. One approach deals with targeted clone identification in gene targeting experiments by visualizing targeting events utilizing the presence of fluorescence genes. Therefore, we derived a double fluorescent ES cell line from the Cre reporter Gt(ROSA)26Sortm4(ACTB-tdTomato,-EGFP)Luo/J strain which expresses membrane-targeted tdTomato (mT) and upon Cre recombination, membrane-targeted EGFP (mG) on the Rosa26 locus. Animals ...
https://vetdoc.vu-wien.ac.at/vetdoc/suche.publikationen_mug_autoren?sprache_in=en&ansicht_in=druck&menue_id_in=206&id_in=146&publikation_id_in=69730
CiNii 論文 - Technical Development for Production of Gene-Modified Laboratory Rats ...
Transgenic rats have been used as model animals for human diseases and organ transplantation and as animal bioreactors for protein production. In general, transgenic rats are produced by pronuclear microinjection of exogenous DNA. Improvement of post-injection survival has been achieved by micro-vibration of the injection pipette. The promoter region, structural gene, chain length and strand ends of the exogenous DNA are not involved in the production efficiency of transgenic rats. Exogenous DNA prepared at 5 μg/ml seemed to be better integrated than lower and higher concentrations. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been successfully achieved in rats using a piezo-driven injection pipette. The ICSI technique has not only been applied to rescue infertile male strains but also to produce transgenic rats. The optimal DNA concentration for the ICSI-tg method (0.1 to 0.5 μg/ml) is lower than that for the conventional pronuclear microinjection. Production efficiency was improved when the ...
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10021218742
Microinjection Systems | Nanoject Series | Drummond SCI ShopMicroinjection Systems | Nanoject Series | Drummond SCI Shop
Our state-of-the-art microinjection systems produce the most accurate injection volumes and are used for a variety of clinical laboratory applications.
https://shop.drummondsci.com/microinjection/?_bc_fsnf=1&in_stock=1
Acute reversible inactivation of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis induces antidepressant-like effect in the rat forced...Acute reversible inactivation of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis induces antidepressant-like effect in the rat forced...
The bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) is a limbic forebrain structure involved in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and stress adaptation. Inappropriate adaptation to stress is thought to compromise the organisms coping mechanisms, which have been implicated in the neurobiology of depression. However, the studies aimed at investigating BNST involvement in depression pathophysiology have yielded contradictory results. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of temporary acute inactivation of synaptic transmission in the BNST by local microinjection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in rats subjected to the forced swimming test (FST). Rats implanted with cannulae aimed at the BNST were submitted to 15 min of forced swimming (pretest). Twenty-four hours later immobility time was registered in a new 5 min forced swimming session (test). Independent groups of rats received bilateral microinjections of CoCl2 (1 mM/100 nL) before or immediately after pretest or
https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-9081-6-30
Bio572: Somatic cell genetics and transgenics
Microinjection of DNA. Injection of linear DNA molecules into fertilized eggs (pronuclear stage) using an inverted microscope, micromanipulation equipment and injection / holding devices.. The first successful production of transgenic mice using pronuclear microinjection was reported in 1980 [1]. The pronuclear microinjection method of producing a transgenic animal results in the introduction of linear DNA sequences into the chromosomes of the fertilized eggs. If this transferred genetic material is integrated into one of the embryonic chromosomes, the animal will be born with a copy of this new information in every cell. The foreign DNA must be integrated into the genome prior to the doubling of the genetic material that precedes the first cleavage.. If this does not occur, only a few cells will integrate the gene. For this reason, the DNA is introduced into the fertilized egg at the earliest stage, which is the pronuclear period immediately following fertilization. For several hours following ...
http://escience.ws/b572/L21/L21.htm
Respiratory responses to somatostatin microinjections into the Bötzinger complex and the pre-Bötzinger complex of the rabbit.
The respiratory responses to bilateral microinjections (30-50nl) of 5mM somatostatin (SOM) or 10mM cyclosomatostatin (c-SOM, a SOM antagonist) into the Bötzinger complex (BötC), the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) and the rostral inspiratory port
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Respiratory-responses-to-somatostatin-microinjections/21549809.html
ZFIN Publication: Yamamoto et al., 1998ZFIN Publication: Yamamoto et al., 1998
Zebrafish paraxial protocadherin (papc) encodes a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule (PAPC) expressed in trunk mesoderm undergoing morphogenesis. Microinjection studies with a dominant-negative secreted construct suggest that papc is required for proper dorsal convergence movement s during gastrulation. Genetic studies show that papc is a close downstream target of spadetail, gene encoding a transcription factor required for mesodermal morphogenetic movements. Further, we show that the floating head homeobox gene is required in axial mesoderm to repress the expression of both spadetail and papc, promoting notochord and blocking differentiation of paraxial mesoderm. The PAPC structural cell-surface transcription factors and the actual cell biological behaviors that execute morphogenesis during gastrulation ...
http://zfin.org/ZDB-PUB-980820-2
May | 2015 | cgrp receptor
Results were expressed as amplitude of peak cur rents evoked by ,meATP or as current density, defined as the ratio of peak amplitude over membrane capacitance. For measuring recovery, the amplitude of the third P2X3 response was compared to the first and expressed as a percentage. they The results obtained after 2 h drug incubation Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries were always compared to those obtained after 2 h incubation in culturing media containing DMSO. Membrane capacitance and series resistance were measured through the peak amplitude and decay constant of transients induced by repetitive depolarizing pulses of 10 mV. Voltage clamp and macropatch recordings in Xenopus oocytes Oocytes were surgically removed from Tricaine anesthe tized female Xenopus laevis frogs and were incubated in OR2 solution containing 1 2 mgml type IA collagenase at room temperature for 2 h under agitation.. Stage V and VI oocytes were then manually defolliculated before nuclear or cytoplasmic microinjection of ...
https://cgrpreceptor.com/2015/05
Pico-Injector Microinjection SystemsPico-Injector Microinjection Systems
The PLI-100A Pico-Injector reliably delivers injections from femtoliters to nanoliters through micropipettes by applying a regulated pressure for a digitally set period of time.|br||br|  • Femtoliter to microliter injections|br|   • Digital readouts for injection pressure, time, and count|br|   • Reliable optically encoded circuit for injection time set|br|   • 5 pressures: inject, balance, clear, fill and hold.|br|
https://www.harvardapparatus.co.uk/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=11555&productId=39801&searchCat=&searchQuery=&storeId=10001&langId=-1&division=HAUK&pageId=ProductDetail&cg1=&cg2=&cg3=&cg4=&isDoc=&cbi=&cpp=&mbi=&mpp=&rbi=2&rpp=10
Transgenic animals and bioreactors | Università degli Studi di SassariTransgenic animals and bioreactors | Università degli Studi di Sassari
The first tentatives to make mammalian transgenic animals; the main reasons and the knowledge of early embryonic phasesThe main techniques used to introduce the exogenous DNA transcripts. identification of integration and functional expressionOrgan and cellular targeting.The principal methodologies used for the production of transgenic animals: pronuclear microinjection, chimeric animals, sperm mediated transfer, nuclear transplantation, intracytoplasmic transfer, germ cell transplantation,The principal techniques used for gene editing: problems and applicationsCosts and risks of the production of transgenic animals. ...
https://en.uniss.it/ugov/degreecourse/130607
United States Polymer Microinjection Molding Market Report 2017 : ReportsnReports
[95 Pages Report] Check for Discount on United States Polymer Microinjection Molding Market Report 2017 report by QYResearch Group. In this report, the United States Polymer Microinjection Molding market...
http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/1201767-united-states-polymer-microinjection-molding-market-report-2017.html
Inhibition of cytokinesis by microinjection of anti-ECT | Open-iInhibition of cytokinesis by microinjection of anti-ECT | Open-i
Inhibition of cytokinesis by microinjection of anti-ECT2 antibodies. (A) Affinity-purified anti-ECT2 antibodies specific to the NH2-terminal domain (αECT2-N),
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2169345_JCB9909086.f4&req=4
PRODUCTPRODUCT
A recent report compared the efficiency of microinjection of DNA versus RNA in mouse embryos [1]. While it was shown that DNA is effective, in vitro transcribed RNA was observed to be more efficient.. Typically, microinjections for CRISPR applications are performed using in vitro transcribed Cas9 and sgRNA rather than native dsDNA. gBlocks® Gene Fragments are ideal for use as template for in vitro transcription and will work well in these applications [2,3]. However, long RNAs are known to trigger the innate immune response in many cells, which increases the expression of dozens of genes and can affect cell viability and general health [4-7].. References. ...
http://www.idtdna.com/pages/support/technical-vault/faq/product/can-gblocks-gene-fragments-be-used-for-microinjection-as-single-guide-rna-
TRANS Volume 1, Number 3 (1994) - Old City PublishingTRANS Volume 1, Number 3 (1994) - Old City Publishing
Karin Schuster-Gossler, Jochen Zachgo, Raija Soininen, Michael Schoor, Reinhard Korn and Achim Gossler. Comparison of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Injection of Constitutive and Nontranscribed Plasmids into Bovine Oocytes: Expression and Degradation After Activation and Fertilization ...
http://www.oldcitypublishing.com/journals/transgenics-home/trans-issue-contents/trans-volume-1-number-3-1994/
EP1 receptor within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey controls thermonociception and rostral ventromedial medulla cell...EP1 receptor within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey controls thermonociception and rostral ventromedial medulla cell...
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of prostaglandin EP1 receptor within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (VL PAG). The role of VL PAG EP1 receptor in controlling thermonociception and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) activity in healthy and neuropathic rats was also examined. EP1 receptor was indeed found to be expressed within the VL PAG and co-localized with vesicular GABA transporter. Intra-VL PAG microinjection of ONO-DI-004, a selective EP1 receptor agonist, dose-dependently reduced tail flick latency as well as respectively increasing and decreasing the spontaneous activity of ON and OFF cells. Furthermore, it increased the ON cell burst and OFF cell pause. Intra-VL PAG prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) behaved similarly to ONO-DI-004. The effects of ONO-DI-004 and PGE2 were antagonized by intra-VL PAG L335677, a selective EP1 receptor antagonist. L335677 dose-dependently increased the tail flick latency and ongoing activity of the OFF cells, while reducing the ongoing ON cell
https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-7-82/figures/9
EP1 receptor within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey controls thermonociception and rostral ventromedial medulla cell...EP1 receptor within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey controls thermonociception and rostral ventromedial medulla cell...
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of prostaglandin EP1 receptor within the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (VL PAG). The role of VL PAG EP1 receptor in controlling thermonociception and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) activity in healthy and neuropathic rats was also examined. EP1 receptor was indeed found to be expressed within the VL PAG and co-localized with vesicular GABA transporter. Intra-VL PAG microinjection of ONO-DI-004, a selective EP1 receptor agonist, dose-dependently reduced tail flick latency as well as respectively increasing and decreasing the spontaneous activity of ON and OFF cells. Furthermore, it increased the ON cell burst and OFF cell pause. Intra-VL PAG prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) behaved similarly to ONO-DI-004. The effects of ONO-DI-004 and PGE2 were antagonized by intra-VL PAG L335677, a selective EP1 receptor antagonist. L335677 dose-dependently increased the tail flick latency and ongoing activity of the OFF cells, while reducing the ongoing ON cell
https://molecularpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1744-8069-7-82
Germline transgenesis in pigs by cytoplasmic microinjection of Sleeping Beauty transposons | MDC BerlinGermline transgenesis in pigs by cytoplasmic microinjection of Sleeping Beauty transposons | MDC Berlin
The pig has emerged as an important large animal model in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. We describe a protocol for high-efficiency germline transgenesis and sustained transgene expression in pigs by using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system. The protocol is based on co-injection of a plasmid encoding the SB100X hyperactive transposase, together with a second plasmid carrying a transgene flanked by binding sites for the transposase, into the cytoplasm of porcine zygotes. The transposase mediates excision of the transgene cassette from the plasmid vector and its permanent insertion into the genome to produce stable transgenic animals. This method compares favorably in terms of both efficiency and reliable transgene expression to classic pronuclear microinjection or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and it offers comparable efficacies to lentiviral approaches, without limitations on vector design, issues of transgene silencing and the toxicity and biosafety concerns of working ...
https://www.mdc-berlin.de/research/publications/germline-transgenesis-pigs-cytoplasmic-microinjection-sleeping-beauty
Frontiers | Blockade of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Apelin Receptors Does Not Attenuate Arterial Pressure in SHR and L-NAME...Frontiers | Blockade of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Apelin Receptors Does Not Attenuate Arterial Pressure in SHR and L-NAME...
Dysfunction of the apelinergic system, comprised of the neuropeptide apelin mediating its effects via the G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ), may underlie the onset of cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. Apelin expression is increased in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats, however, evidence that the apelinergic system chronically influences mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) under pathophysiological conditions remains to be established. In this study we investigated, in conscious unrestrained rats, whether APJ contributes to MABP and sympathetic vasomotor tone in the progression of two models of hypertension - SHR and L-NAME-treated rats - and whether APJ contributes to the development of hypertension in pre-hypertensive SHR. In SHR we showed that APJ gene (aplnr) expression was elevated in the RVLM, and there was a greater MABP increase following microinjection of [Pyr1]apelin-13 to the RVLM
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2018.01488/full
Expression of Constitutively Active Angiotensin Receptors in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Increases Blood Pressure |...Expression of Constitutively Active Angiotensin Receptors in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Increases Blood Pressure |...
Bilateral microinjection into the RVLM of an adenovirus, which expresses a constitutively active version of the AT1A receptor in glial cells, increases MAP in conscious, freely moving rats of a normotensive strain. Expression of similar levels of the wild-type AT1A receptor, or the control adenovirus with no receptor transgene, did not affect blood pressure. Although not directly measured in this study, we suggest that the increase in blood pressure following microinjection of AdNHA[N111G]AT1A into the RVLM would be caused by increased sympathetic vasomotor tone.. Virally-derived proteins, including specifically the ectopic expression of the AT1A receptors, were only detectable in glia of the RVLM, indicating that a change in activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in glia has the capacity to alter blood pressure. Glia were initially considered to play only a supporting role within the CNS, but recent work has demonstrated that considerable interactions occur between glia and neurons, resulting ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/47/6/1054
Biomolecules | Free Full-Text | Activation of mGluR5 and NMDA Receptor Pathways in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla as a...Biomolecules | Free Full-Text | Activation of mGluR5 and NMDA Receptor Pathways in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla as a...
Acute hypertension produced by methamphetamine (MA) is well known, mainly by the enhancement of catecholamine release from sympathetic terminals. However, the central pressor mechanism of the blood-brain-barrier-penetrating molecule remains unclear. We used radio-telemetry and femoral artery cannulation to monitor the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious free-moving and urethane-anesthetized rats, respectively. Expression of Fos protein (Fos) and phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN1 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were detected using Western blot analysis. ELISA was carried out for detection of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the RVLM. MA-induced glutamate release in the RVLM was assayed using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC. Systemic or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of MA augments the MAP and increases Fos expression, PKC activity, and phosphorylated GluN1-ser 896 (pGluN1-ser 896) in the RVLM. However, direct microinjection of MA into the
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/1/149/htm
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: ICSI :: American Pregnancy AssociationIntracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: ICSI :: American Pregnancy Association
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) involves the direct injection of sperm into eggs obtained from in vitro fertilization (IVF). Learn more about ICSI.
https://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-70970
Assessment of Murine Embryo Development Following Electroporation and Microinjection of a Green Fluorescent Protein Dna...Assessment of Murine Embryo Development Following Electroporation and Microinjection of a Green Fluorescent Protein Dna...
Transgenic techniques have rapidly evolved in recent years. However, the efficiency of these techniques to produce viable offspring is still disappointingly low. The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro development, transgene expression, and integration following pronuclear or cytoplasmic microinjection of condensed or linear green fluorescent protein DNA into murine embryos using electroporation. In experiment 1, the effect of embryo orientation (group or linear) within the electroporation chamber on development was evaluated using zygotes which received one pulse duration (10 msec), and one of two voltages (250 or 400 V). Zygotes that received 400 V had the lowest development score (Group, 2.06 ? 0.12; Linear, 1.97 ? 0.13), irrespective of orientation. Embryos that received 250 V had the highest development of the voltage treated groups (Group 3.42 ? 0.12; Linear 3.32 ? 0.12), irrespective of orientation, and development was lower than the control embryos (Control 4.28 ? 0.12; Mannitol ...
https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/34369
Eggs in the Balance - Kinderwunsch IVF Zentren Prof. ZechEggs in the Balance - Kinderwunsch IVF Zentren Prof. Zech
In the mouse, the nucleotides three bases downstream of the two response elements are guanine and cytosine, suggesting that dioxin cannot activate Bax. Indeed, mouse oocytes are normally insensitive to dioxin, and oocyte microinjection experiments with a construct containing the wildtype Bax promoter confirm that dioxin is ineffective at induction. Furthermore, mutation of these critical downstream nucleotides to adenine renders the promoter responsive to dioxin. Thus, two nucleotides in the Bax promoter would seem to be the sole protection against damage mediated by dioxin.Matikainen et al.6 further show the effects of the PAH 9,10-dimethylbenz(a)antracene (DMBA) on oocytes and on Bax levels (see figure). Intraperitoneal delivery of DMBA causes a 72% increase in Bax mRNA levels after 24 hours, and a concomitant increase in Bax protein in oocytes. Treatment with DMBA or a DMBA metabolite also leads to a decrease in the number of non-apoptotic oocytes in cultured wildtype mouse ovaries. ...
http://www.ivf.at/kinderwunsch/Unerf%C3%BCllterKinderwunsch/EggsintheBalance.aspx
Differential Alteration of Neuronal and Cardiovascular Responses to Adenosine Microinjected Into the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius...Differential Alteration of Neuronal and Cardiovascular Responses to Adenosine Microinjected Into the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius...
The present study investigated the neuronal and cardiovascular responses elicited by adenosine microinjected into the pressor (rostral) and depressor (caudal) areas of the NTS of SHR and WKY. In addition to confirming reported cardiovascular7 8 9 10 11 15 and neuronal11 responses observed in normotensive rats, results of the current study demonstrate for the first time the neuronal and cardiovascular responses elicited by adenosine microinjected into the two subareas of the NTS in SHR.. Microinjection of adenosine into the NTS elicited site-dependent cardiovascular responses. Increases and decreases in BP and HR followed microinjection of adenosine into the rostral and caudal NTS, respectively. Nonetheless, adenosine inhibited the firing rate of both neuronal pools. These findings in WKY confirm and extend our previous findings in another strain of normotensive rats, the Sprague-Dawley rat.11 Results from the present study and our previous study11 showed that the neuronal responses preceded the ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/27/4/939
Indiana State University: Department of BiologyIndiana State University: Department of Biology
One aspect of research in our laboratory is directed toward a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which vertebrate organisms develop from single-celled embryos into complex organisms. This research utilizes zebrafish as a model organism. Advantages of the zebrafish include fecundity, an optically clear, rapidly developing embryo, and the opportunity to experimentally manipulate fertilization and development so as to produce parthenogenetic or haploid offspring. In addition, a full genomic sequence is available. A technique of central importance is the production of transgenic zebrafish via the direct microinjection of cloned genes into fish embryos. Transgenic zebrafish possessing recombinant gfp and rfp marker genes are being generated for a variety of purposes, including 1) basic research into recombination mechanisms and transgenesis strategies, 2) the study of transgene inheritance patterns, and 3) the analysis of altered gene expression and its phenotypic ...
http://www2.indstate.edu/biology/faculty/stuart.htm
macrophage microinjection: post #1macrophage microinjection: post #1
macrophage microinjection - posted in Cell Biology: Hi everybody,I want to start a new research project involving the microinjection of human macrophages to get stabletransformants. I have been microinjecting C. elegans for 4 years now but I was wondering what the best equipment(micromanipulator, micropump...) would be for macrophages. Also, is there a good classic protocol or at leasta good reference for it outhere ?ThanksArnaud
http://www.protocol-online.org/forums/topic/2006-macrophage-microinjection/
Identification of spinally projecting neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in vivo - Fingerprint - Macquarie...Identification of spinally projecting neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in vivo - Fingerprint - Macquarie...
Dive into the research topics of Identification of spinally projecting neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in vivo. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/publications/identification-of-spinally-projecting-neurons-in-the-rostral-vent/fingerprints/
Directory
inproceedings{9f8e47cf-68c4-43ce-80ba-6709aef30f18, title = {Micro-injection Moulding using an Exchangeable Microstructured Si Mould Insert}, author = {Singh, Akanksha and Michel, G\{e}rard and Queste, Samuel and Robert, Laurent and Gauthier-Manuel, Bernard and Khan-Malek, Chantal}, year = {2010}, address = {Bourg en Bresse and Oyonnax, France}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture (4M 2010)}, editor = {Bertrand Fillon, Chantal Khan-Malek, Stefan Dimov}, month = {nov}, pages = {doi:10.3850/978-981-08-6555-9_171}, doi = {10.3850/978-981-08-6555-9_171}, organization = {4M Association}, publisher = {Research Publishing ...
http://www.femto-st.fr/en/Directory/u-%7Ba3e6b46f-1643-048d-6536-f4f546634123%7D-Gauthier-Manuel-Bernard/ZGlkdGlkPSZmbmFtZT0mbG5hbWU9JnN0YXR1cz0wJmZ1PVN1Ym1pdCUyMFF1ZXJ5ZiVEQSU5Mio=/
ICSI ( IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection )ICSI ( IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection )
ICSI is the most successful form of treatment for men who are infertile & is used in nearly half of all IVF treatments. ICSI only requires one sperm.
https://www.akankshaivfcentre.com/icsi/
Transgenics
Prior to the development of molecular genetics, the only way of studying the regulation and function of mammalian genes was through the observation of inherited characteristics or spontaneous mutations. Long before Mendel and any molecular genetic knowledge, selective breeding was a common practice among farmers for the enhancement of chosen traits, e.g., increased milk production.. During the 1970s, the first chimeric mice were produced (Brinster, 1974). The cells of two different embryos of different strains were combined together at an early stage of development (eight cells) to form a single embryo that subsequently developed into a chimeric adult, exhibiting characteristics of each strain.. The mutual contributions of developmental biology and genetic engineering permitted rapid development of the techniques for the creation of transgenic animals. DNA microinjection, the first technique to prove successful in mammals, was first applied to mice (Gordon and Ruddle, 1981) and then to various ...
http://transgenicstransgenicmodelsforhumandisease.yolasite.com/history.php
Changing Clinics? - BabyCentreChanging Clinics? - BabyCentre
As some of you know, weve just had our second failed ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) cycle. Were not sure whether to go for a third at all, but one of the things Im considering is whether we should change clinics if we do. I like our current clinic. Its very personal (only 2 consultants and near enough always see the same one), everyone is very friendly, and its local and easy to get to. They havent done anything wrong per se, but our last cycle was a bit of a mess with poor response, 100% immature eggs and only one fertilising. We have follow up soon, and Ive no doubt they will change things, but is that enough? I wonder whether a completely fresh approach may be better. My criticisms of our clinic are that they seem to treat everyone in a very similar fashion (almost everyone is on SP, for example) and the monitoring in terms of scans and blood tests seems no where near as tight as Ive read about at other clinics. Has anyone here changed clinics? If so, why? What did you look
https://community.babycentre.co.uk/post/a26039353/changing_clinics
Covalent linkage of ribonuclease S-peptide to microinjected proteins causes their intracellular degradation to be enhanced...Covalent linkage of ribonuclease S-peptide to microinjected proteins causes their intracellular degradation to be enhanced...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Covalent linkage of ribonuclease S-peptide to microinjected proteins causes their intracellular degradation to be enhanced during serum withdrawal. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/covalent-linkage-of-ribonuclease-s-peptide-to-microinjected-prote-2/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
Findings in frog oocytes may help study of chromosome physiologyFindings in frog oocytes may help study of chromosome physiology
Material defects in end products can quickly result in failures in many areas of industry, and have a massive impact on the safe use of their products. This is why, in the field of quality assurance, intelligent, nondestructive sensor systems play a key role. They allow testing components and parts in a rapid and cost-efficient manner without destroying the actual product or changing its surface. Experts from the Fraunhofer IZFP in Saarbrücken will be presenting two exhibits at the Blechexpo in Stuttgart from 7-10 November 2017 that allow fast, reliable, and automated characterization of materials and detection of defects (Hall 5, Booth 5306). ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-20588.html
Oocyte Microinjection Pipet | Krackeler Scientific, Inc.Oocyte Microinjection Pipet | Krackeler Scientific, Inc.
Nonrotating plunger eliminates tip wobble, allows more precise deposition Inject volumes of 30 nanoliters or more with reproducible accuracy, drives oil...
https://www.krackeler.com/catalog/product/7580/Oocyte-Microinjection-Pipet
Development of a microinjection system for RNA interference in the water flea Daphnia pulex | BMC Biotechnology | Full TextDevelopment of a microinjection system for RNA interference in the water flea Daphnia pulex | BMC Biotechnology | Full Text
The ubiquitous, freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex provides a model system for both human health research and monitoring ecosystem integrity. It is the first crustacean to have a well annotated, reference genome assembly that revealed an unusually high gene count highlighted by a large gene orphanage,-i.e., previously uncharacterized genes. Daphnia are capable of either clonal or sexual reproduction, making them ideally suited for genetic manipulation, but the establishment of gene manipulation techniques is needed to accurately define gene functions. Although previous investigations developed an RNA interference (RNAi) system for one congener D. magna, these methods are not appropriate for D. pulex because of the smaller size of their early embryos. In these studies, we develop RNAi techniques for D. pulex by first determining the optimum culture conditions of their isolated embryos and then applying these conditions to the development of microinjection techniques and proof-of-principle RNAi
https://bmcbiotechnol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6750-13-96
Characterization of Genes in the CFTR-Mediated Innate Immune Response by Eric PetermanCharacterization of Genes in the CFTR-Mediated Innate Immune Response by Eric Peterman
Recently, the Kim Lab has shown that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene is responsible for mediating resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a zebrafish infection model. Using the Gene Expression Omnibus, an NCBI functional genomics data repository, it was determined that Smad3, a transcription factor in the TGF-β signaling pathway, is upregulated in the presence of P. aeruginosa. It was found that in our zebrafish model, the Smad3 paralogs Smad3a and Smad3b are upregulated following microinjection of a cftr antisense morpholino oligomer. It was also found that microinjection of Smad3a and Smad3b morpholinos, along with a Smad2 morpholino, and subsequent infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in an increase in death, indicating that Smad3 has a protective effect against infection.
http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/71/
xenopus laevis oocytes
This approach effectively reduces the size of the cDNA library to be screened and increases the probability of successful isolation of the target cDNA. The vocal apparatus of the clawed frog is designed for underwater sound production (Deuchar, 1975). The first step of this physiological process seems to involve a target site at the oocyte membrane, as shown by a variety of experimental data (4). Here we demonstrate cytoplasmic microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes with a nuclear import substrate, as well as preparation of the injected oocytes for visualization by … Their large nuclei and mitochondrial masses are clearly visible in the intact oocyte. The incision is sutured with surgical silk and the frog is placed in shallow water in a small tank to allow it to recover from anesthesia before placing it in a special tank for postoperative frogs. XENOPUS OOCYTES The oocyte from the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis is an often used functional expression system. Two species of Xenopus ...
https://www3.unisa.ac.za/4pucqmx/page.php?tag=xenopus-laevis-oocytes-dbb5bc
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ProcedureIntracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Procedure
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be used as part of an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment to help you and your spouse to conceive a child. ICSI
http://www.healthsparks.org/intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-procedure/
CIL:12019, Potorous tridactylus, epithelial cell. CIL. DatasetCIL:12019, Potorous tridactylus, epithelial cell. CIL. Dataset
Mitotic PtK1 cell microinjected with X-rhodamine-labeled tubulin and Alexa 488-labeled CENP-F antibodies to fluorescently label kinetochore fibers (re...
http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/12019
Antisense and antigene properties of peptide nucleic acids | ScienceAntisense and antigene properties of peptide nucleic acids | Science
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are polyamide oligomers that can strand invade duplex DNA, causing displacement of one DNA strand and formation of a D-loop. Binding of either a T10 PNA or a mixed sequence 15-mer PNA to the transcribed strand of a G-free transcription cassette caused 90 to 100 percent site-specific termination of pol II transcription elongation. When a T10 PNA was bound on the nontranscribed strand, site-specific inhibition never exceeded 50 percent. Binding of PNAs to RNA resulted in site-specific termination of both reverse transcription and in vitro translation, precisely at the position of the PNA.RNA heteroduplex. Nuclear microinjection of cells constitutively expressing SV40 large T antigen (T Ag) with either a 15-mer or 20-mer PNA targeted to the T Ag messenger RNA suppressed T Ag expression. This effect was specific in that there was no reduction in beta-galactosidase expression from a coinjected expression vector and no inhibition of T Ag expression after microinjection of ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/258/5087/1481?ijkey=52522558c75417e94b88a81342e756dd7832f7f5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Catechol changes in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla following changes in systemic CO2.
A catechol signal recorded with in vivo voltammetry within the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) was taken as an index of the activity of RVLM adrenergic neurons and related to the level of arterial PCO2, under halothane anesthesia. Reversible
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Catechol-changes-in-rat-rostral/9321872.html
ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) - LWCICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) - LWC
ICSI is an additional IVF technique where a single sperm is injected into an egg. Today, its the worlds favoured fertilisation method for all types of IVF.
https://www.londonwomensclinic.com/fertility-treatments/icsi/
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection - ICSI - Englewood Cliffs , NJ: North Hudson IVFIntracytoplasmic Sperm Injection - ICSI - Englewood Cliffs , NJ: North Hudson IVF
Trusted Gynecology serving Englewood Cliffs , NJ. Contact us at 201-871-1999 or visit us at 385 Sylvan Avenue , Englewood Cliffs , NJ 07632: North Hudson IVF
https://www.northhudsonivf.com/contents/intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-icsi
Articles Collection of Intracytoplasmic sperm injectionArticles Collection of Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly. ...
https://www.jri.ir/keyword/2337
Intracystoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)Intracystoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
The fertility specialists at Southern California Reproductive Center in Los Angeles offer ICSE, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, as an option during the IVF
https://www.scrcivf.com/treatment-options/assisted-reproductive-technologies/icsi/
Aqua Gold Microinfusion Facial at an Affordable PriceAqua Gold Microinfusion Facial at an Affordable Price
At Fresh Face and Eye, we offer aqua gold microinfusion facial at an affordable price, a non-rejuvenation treatment to achieve glowing skin. Book now.
https://freshfaceandeye.com/aquagold-facial/
SHP-B - Holding Pipettes | Irvine ScientificSHP-B - Holding Pipettes | Irvine Scientific
Pipettes for holding oocytes or embryos steadily during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), biopsy, and other micromanipulation processes.
http://www.irvinesci.com/products/shp-b-holding-pipettes?dpt=Assisted+Reproductive+Technology
Hyaluronic Microinjection DUO FORTE day and night cream for filling expression lines, 40+ - SorayaHyaluronic Microinjection DUO FORTE day and night cream for filling expression lines, 40+ - Soraya
Hyaluronic Microinjection DUO FORTE day and night cream for filling expression lines, 40+ - see how it works. Discover also other Soraya products.
http://soraya.pl/en/product/hyaluronic-microinjection-duo-forte-day-and-night-/
A causal relationship between face-patch activity and face-detection behavior | eLifeA causal relationship between face-patch activity and face-detection behavior | eLife
Disrupting the activity of the medial lateral face patch (ML) using fMRI-targeted microinjections of muscimol leads to anatomically and categorically specific impairments in a naturalistic face detection task.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/18558
MicroinjectionMicroinjection
... can also be used in the cloning of organisms, in the study of cell biology and viruses, and for treating male ... Microinjection is the use of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level ... Microinjection is a simple mechanical process usually involving an inverted microscope with a magnification power of around ... There are two basic types of microinjection systems. The first is called a constant flow system and the second is called a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinjection
Micro injection moldingMicro injection molding
The most common polymers used in micro injection molding are reported in below table In the 1980s, micro injection molding ... Micro injection molding is a molding process for the manufacture of plastics components for shot weights of 1 to 0.1 grams with ... In this process, a micro injection unit is integrated in the injection moulding machine. When it comes to the production of ... Milacron developed two types of micro injection units: A two-stage and all-electric injection unit accomplished by an extruder ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_injection_molding
Clytia hemisphaericaClytia hemisphaerica
Stepicheva, Nadezda A.; Song, Jia L. (2014-01-21). "High Throughput Microinjections of Sea Urchin Zygotes". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clytia_hemisphaerica
Helen SangHelen Sang
Sang, Helen (1994). "Transgenic Birds by DNA Microinjection". EMBO Reports. 12 (1): 60-63. doi:10.1038/nbt0194-60. PMID 7764327 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Sang
NanoinjectionNanoinjection
Microinjection is the predecessor to nanoinjection. Still used in biological research, microinjection is useful in the ... It is claimed to be more effective than microinjection because the lance used is ten times smaller than a micropipette and the ... Just as with the other methods, a lance ten times smaller than that of microinjection is used. Preparing the lance for ... As opposed to nanoinjection, microinjection uses DNA-filled liquid driven into the cell under pressure. Depending on factors ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoinjection
R. Marthanda VarmaR. Marthanda Varma
"Lidocaine and muscimol microinjections in subthalamic nucleus reverse parkinsonian symptoms". Brain. 124 (10): 2105-2118. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Marthanda_Varma
Intracellular deliveryIntracellular delivery
... methods that utilize direct penetration include: Classic microinjection Newer forms of microinjection (e ... For a century microinjection has been the dominant method for introducing microscale cargo into cells. A classic example was ... Hiramoto, Y. (1962). "Microinjection of Live Spermatozoa into Sea Urchin Eggs". Exp. Cell Res. 27 (3): 416−426. doi:10.1016/ ... Plasmid DNA began to be transfected into animal cells for the purpose of gene expression in the late 1970s via microinjection ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_delivery
Transcription activator-like effectorTranscription activator-like effector
August 2011). "Knockout rats generated by embryo microinjection of TALENs". Nature Biotechnology. 29 (8): 695-6. doi:10.1038/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_activator-like_effector
Humboldt squidHumboldt squid
Rojas, & Luxoro (1963). "Micro-injection of Trypsin into Axons of Squid". Nature. 199 (4888): 78-79. Bibcode:1963Natur.199... ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_squid
Transcription activator-like effector nucleaseTranscription activator-like effector nuclease
This approach has also been used to generate knockin rats by TALEN mRNA microinjection in one-cell embryos. TALEN has also been ... "Site specific mutation of the Zic2 locus by microinjection of TALEN mRNA in mouse CD1, C3H and C57BL/6J oocytes". PLOS ONE. 8 ( ... "Knockout rats generated by embryo microinjection of TALENs". Nature Biotechnology. 29 (8): 695-6. doi:10.1038/nbt.1940. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_activator-like_effector_nuclease
MorpholinoMorpholino
A microinjection apparatus is usually used for delivery into an embryo, with injections most commonly performed at the single- ... Rosen JN, Sweeney MF, Mably JD (March 2009). "Microinjection of zebrafish embryos to analyze gene function". Journal of ... as demonstrated by the nuclear splice-modifying activity of Morpholinos observed after microinjection into the cytosol of cells ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpholino
ZebrafishZebrafish
Rosen JN, Sweeney MF, Mably JD (March 2009). "Microinjection of zebrafish embryos to analyze gene function". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrafish
Knockout ratKnockout rat
Standard microinjection techniques allow this technology to make knockout rats in 4-6 months. A major advantage of ZFN- and ... al, Knockout Rats via Embryo Microinjection of Zinc-Finger Nucleases. Science. Vol 325: 433 (24 July 2009) Geurts, A. M.; Cost ... Tesson et al., Knockout rats generated by embryo microinjection of TALENs. Nature Biotechnology Vol 29:695-96 (5 August 2011) ... "Knockout rats generated by embryo microinjection of TALENs". Nature Biotechnology. 29 (8): 695-696. doi:10.1038/nbt.1940. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_rat
Nucleus raphe obscurusNucleus raphe obscurus
It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function; microinjections of 5-HT into the nucleus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_raphe_obscurus
Recombinant AAV mediated genome engineeringRecombinant AAV mediated genome engineering
July 2009). "Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases". Science. 325 (5939): 433. Bibcode:2009Sci...325 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_AAV_mediated_genome_engineering
Restriction enzymeRestriction enzyme
July 2009). "Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases". Science. 325 (5939): 433. Bibcode:2009Sci...325 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme
Zinc finger nucleaseZinc finger nuclease
"Knockout Rats via Embryo Microinjection of Zinc-Finger Nucleases". Science. 325 (5939): 433. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..433G. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger_nuclease
Marshall A. BarberMarshall A. Barber
He proposed the technique of microinjection to clone bacteria. He developed micropipette methods in 1904 for microscopic renal ... Korzh, Vladimir; Strähle, Uwe (2002-08-01). "Marshall Barber and the century of microinjection: from cloning of bacteria to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_A._Barber
Maria Byrne (biologist)Maria Byrne (biologist)
Edgar, Allison; Byrne, Maria; Wray, Gregory A. (17 September 2019). "Embryo microinjection of the lecithotrophic sea urchin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Byrne_(biologist)
Keith BurridgeKeith Burridge
Feramisco, JR (1979). "Microinjection of fluorescently labeled alpha-actinin into living fibroblasts". Proceedings of the ... Burridge K, Feramisco JR; Feramisco (March 1980). "Microinjection and localization of a 130K protein in living fibroblasts: a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Burridge
History of genetic engineeringHistory of genetic engineering
... micro-injection and particle bombardment with a gene gun (invented in 1987). In the 1980s techniques were developed to ... Agrobacterium-mediated recombination and microinjection. The first genetically modified animal was a mouse created in 1974 by ... sheep and pigs by microinjection". Nature. 315 (6021): 680-83. Bibcode:1985Natur.315..680H. doi:10.1038/315680a0. PMID 3892305 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_genetic_engineering
Zinc finger chimeraZinc finger chimera
July 2009). "Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases". Science. 325 (5939): 433. Bibcode:2009Sci...325 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger_chimera
Zinc fingerZinc finger
"Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases". Science. 325 (5939): 433. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..433G. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger
Genetic engineeringGenetic engineering
DNA is generally inserted into animal cells using microinjection, where it can be injected through the cell's nuclear envelope ... "Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases". Science. 325 (5939): 433. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..433G. doi: ... material followed by the incorporation of that material either indirectly through a vector system or directly through micro- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering
Ralph L. BrinsterRalph L. Brinster
... and was at the forefront of the field in applying these microinjection methods to generate transgenic mice. Direct injection of ... sheep and pigs by microinjection". Nature. 315(6021): 680-683. Bibcode:1985Natur.315..680H. doi:10.1038/315680a0. PMID 3892305 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_L._Brinster
Lateral hypothalamusLateral hypothalamus
Consistently, microinjections of orexin-A into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (Huang et al., 2010) or rostral ventromedial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_hypothalamus
Mouse brainMouse brain
"Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 77 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_brain
Genetically modified cropsGenetically modified crops
... micro-injection and particle bombardment with a gene gun (invented in 1987). In the 1980s techniques were developed to ... Microinjection is used to directly inject foreign DNA into cells. Plant scientists, backed by results of modern comprehensive ... microinjection and agrobacterium. More recently, CRISPR and TALEN offered much more precise and convenient editing techniques. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_crops
Genetically modified mouseGenetically modified mouse
"Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77 (12): 7380-7384. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_mouse
Parhyale hawaiensisParhyale hawaiensis
Fertilized eggs are sufficiently large to perform microinjections and blastomere isolations with relative ease. Developing P. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parhyale_hawaiensis
Microinjection - WikipediaMicroinjection - Wikipedia
Microinjection can also be used in the cloning of organisms, in the study of cell biology and viruses, and for treating male ... Microinjection is the use of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level ... Microinjection is a simple mechanical process usually involving an inverted microscope with a magnification power of around ... There are two basic types of microinjection systems. The first is called a constant flow system and the second is called a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinjection
Micro Injection Molded Plastic Market worth $1,692 millionMicro Injection Molded Plastic Market worth $1,692 million
Accumold LLC was the largest player in the micro injection molded plastic market in 2020. Accumold LLC is world leader in micro ... Medical is the largest application for micro injection molded plastic. In the micro injection molding industry, medical micro ... The micro injection molded plastic market size is estimated to be USD 995 million in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 1,692 ... Micro Injection Molded Plastic Market worth $1,692 million by 2026 , Key players Accumold LLC, Isometric Micro Molding, Inc., ...
https://www.openpr.com/news/2576039/micro-injection-molded-plastic-market-worth-1-692-million
Microinjection | Warner InstrumentsMicroinjection | Warner Instruments
Warner Instruments is a data controller for the purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"). By proceeding to tick the consent box at right, you consent to Warner Instruments processing your personal data, under the GDPR and any other applicable legislation, that we collect from you in accordance with our Privacy Policy. If you wish to withdraw your consent for us to process your personal data please contact our Compliance Team. Please address any questions, comments and requests (including your right to withdraw your consent to process your personal data) regarding our data processing practices to our Compliance Team.. ...
https://www.warneronline.com/category/30
EN (en)EN (en)
... with state-of-the-art manipulator technology for microinjection at extremely flat angles. ...
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/equipment/embryo-microinjection-station/
Embryo Microinjection With CRISPR-Cas9 in Mice and Zebrafish | Thermo Fisher Scientific - USEmbryo Microinjection With CRISPR-Cas9 in Mice and Zebrafish | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US
Micro injection molding of components for microsystemsMicro injection molding of components for microsystems
... Piotter, V.; Benzler, T.; Müller, K.; Ruprecht, R.; Hausselt, J.. ...
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230047804
Microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 Protein into Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Embryos for Gene Ed… | Molecular Physiology ...
Microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 Protein into Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Embryos for Gene Ed…. The complete genome of ... Microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 Protein into Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Embryos for Gene Editing.. AUTHORS. Elaswad A ... While the traditional approach has been to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 mRNA into the single cell embryos through microinjection, this ... While the traditional approach has been to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 mRNA into the single cell embryos through microinjection, this ...
https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/mpb/publication/microinjection-of-crispr-cas9-protein-into-channel-catfish-ictalurus-punctatus-embryos-for-gene-ed-2/
Multi-Scale Modeling of Micro Injection Moulding Case Studies With Experimental Validation - euspenMulti-Scale Modeling of Micro Injection Moulding Case Studies With Experimental Validation - euspen
Home,Multi-Scale Modeling of Micro Injection Moulding Case Studies With Experimental Validation ... Multi-Scale Modeling of Micro Injection Moulding Case Studies With Experimental Validation. ...
https://www.euspen.eu/resource/multi-scale-modeling-of-micro-injection-moulding-%C2%96-case-studies-with-experimental-validation/
Frog oocytes synthesize and completely process the precursor polypeptide to virion structural proteins after microinjection of...Frog oocytes synthesize and completely process the precursor polypeptide to virion structural proteins after microinjection of...
Frog oocytes synthesize and completely process the precursor polypeptide to virion structural proteins after microinjection of ... After microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes with RNA from avian myeloblastosis virus, viral structural proteins p27, p19, ... Frog oocytes synthesize and completely process the precursor polypeptide to virion structural proteins after microinjection of ...
https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1227331
Preparation of transgene for pronuclear microinjection
Additional cleanup for microinjection. The DNA transgene preparation for microinjection must be "clean" of all contaminants. ... Final concentration of transgene DNA should be 10ng/µL microinjection buffer. Microinjection buffer. 10 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 0.25 ... The DNA eluted in step 4 is dialyzed against microinjection buffer 2 times by pipetting a 50 µL aliquot onto a Millipore filter ... Collect the "dot" of DNA and wash spot on filter with an additional 50 µL of microinjection buffer ...
https://www.huck.psu.edu/core-facilities/transgenic-mouse-facility/protocols-and-techniques/preparation-of-transgene-for-pronuclear-microinjection
A structural variant in the 5-flanking region of the TWIST2 gene affects melanocyte development in belted cattle | PLOS ONEA structural variant in the 5'-flanking region of the TWIST2 gene affects melanocyte development in belted cattle | PLOS ONE
Zebrafish embryo microinjections. Injections were performed on embryos of wildtype strains AB and Tg(myl7:GFP) [44] at the one ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180170
Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity | Nature CommunicationsInduced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity | Nature Communications
Microinjection. Microinjections were performed using a modified protocol from Leslie et al.108 and described in20. Briefly, ... For the microinjection assay, unless otherwise indicated in the figure legends, differences between experimental groups or ... To functionally confirm these results, we used the recently described microinjection technique20 to measure and compare the ... All statistical analyses in the microinjection assay were conducted using R, version 3.5.3 (2019-03-11), and the plots were ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20351-5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=65aae6df-87ca-43c5-bf66-c7cc66530e0d
News - Makuta Micro Injection MoldingNews - Makuta Micro Injection Molding
Micro injection molder Makuta, Inc. of Shelbyville, Indiana, announced today that Tyler Adams has been promoted to Vice ... Makuta Micro Injection Molding Micro molding, injection molding and Carbon 3D DLS services ...
https://makuta.com/makuta-news/
Study on the flow situations of lightguiding plates by micro injection molding<...
Huang, C. F., Lin, Y., & Shen, Y. K. (2011). Study on the flow situations of lightguiding plates by micro injection molding. 於 ... Study on the flow situations of lightguiding plates by micro injection molding. / Huang, Chiung Fang; Lin, Yi; Shen, Yung Kang. ... Huang, CF, Lin, Y & Shen, YK 2011, Study on the flow situations of lightguiding plates by micro injection molding. 於 Advanced ... 深入研究「Study on the flow situations of lightguiding plates by micro injection molding」主題。共同形成了獨特的指紋。 ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/study-on-the-flow-situations-of-lightguiding-plates-by-micro-inje
Micro Injection MachineMicro Injection Machine
... - China Manufacturers, Suppliers, Factory. Our target should be to consolidate ... needs for Micro Injection Machine, Full-Auto Injection Molding Machine , Injection Molding Machine For Plastic , Meat Injection ...
https://www.nbvega-tech.com/micro-injection-machine/
Evaluation of heat transfer at the cavity-polymer interface in microinjection moulding based on experimental and simulation...Evaluation of heat transfer at the cavity-polymer interface in microinjection moulding based on experimental and simulation...
The HTC is a dominant parameter in cooling simulations especially for microinjection moulding, where the high surface to volume ... Evaluation of heat transfer at the cavity-polymer interface in microinjection moulding based on experimental and simulation ... Evaluation of heat transfer at the cavity-polymer interface in microinjection moulding based on experimental and simulation ...
https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/112009/
Micro Injection Molding | InjexMicro Injection Molding | Injex
Micro injection molding is our speciality. When the injection molded part is smaller than a single plastic pellet, it requires ... Therefore micro injection molding is often the only option. At Injex, micro-prototypes can also be produced in all common ... Thanks to the fast, additive tool production, lead times for the first micro injection molding samples can be reduced from ... 2K and inserts in micro injection molding. The flexible tool construction of Injex is particularly suitable for special ...
https://www.injex.ch/en/service/micro-injection-molding
Transfection/Microinjection LTM-1000Transfection/Microinjection LTM-1000
Transfection/Microinjection. LTM-1000M Microinjector. Electro Cell Fusion. Single-Cell/Micro-Particle Transfer. Programmable ...
https://www.nepagene.jp/e_products_nepagene_0015.html
Microinjection of RNA and morpholino oligos into lamprey embryos - Radcliffe Department of MedicineMicroinjection of RNA and morpholino oligos into lamprey embryos - Radcliffe Department of Medicine
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Accept all cookies well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. If you click Reject all non-essential cookies only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings. ...
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/330347
micro injections articles on Be Global Fashion Networkmicro injections articles on Be Global Fashion Network
Tag: micro injections. Skin Mesotherapy - Another Plus In Medicine. Mesotherapy is a relatively new field in aesthetics ...
https://beauty.bgfashion.net/tags/micro_injections
Genes | Free Full-Text | Transgenic Xenopus laevis Line for In Vivo Labeling of Nephrons within the KidneyGenes | Free Full-Text | Transgenic Xenopus laevis Line for In Vivo Labeling of Nephrons within the Kidney
Microinjection. Microinjections were performed as previously described [9]. 10 nL of injection mix (described below) was ... DeLay, B.D.; Krneta-Stankic, V.; Miller, R.K. Technique to target microinjection to the developing Xenopus kidney. J. Vis. Exp. ... We also show that GFP expression within the labeled kidney is useful for monitoring the effects of targeted microinjection of ... the large size of the embryos and established fate maps allow for targeted microinjection into a selected blastomere to ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/9/4/197
Book Electrophysiology And Microinjection 1991
On the book Electrophysiology and Microinjection, nt, the four are compared and sent to the Tropics aboard two of Tycoons ... Your book Electrophysiology and Microinjection met a address that this ER could already remove. The Great Brain error: Nature ... The book Electrophysiology and Microinjection 1991 is famously published. server to design the market. An earlier, read not ...
http://db.com4tel.lv/backup_11202006/v3/modules/book.php?q=book-Electrophysiology-and-Microinjection-1991.html
Plus itPlus it
Microinjection of 2.5 nmol (n = 5) or 5 nmol (n = 6) of U0126 (1 μl) into the third ventricle before application of a light ... Microinjection of U0126 (5 nmol in 1 μl; n = 6) (A) 30 min before a light pulse (CT18-18.5) significantly decreased the ... After microinjections, the cannula was left in situ for at least 1 min before being withdrawn to prevent backflow. Cannula ... After this period animals were placed in DD for two cycles, and on the third cycle they received a microinjection of the MAP ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/7/3085
IN-942 IN-942-Micro-Injection-Needle
Micro Injection Needle; Straight; .008" Outside Diameter, .003" Inside Diameter; 33 Gauge; 12mm Needle Length; For Use With IN- ... Micro Injection Needle .009" OD X .003" ID 32 Gauge Straight Blunt ...
http://shopping.roboz.com/Needles-and-Tubing/IN-942-Micro-Injection-Needle
Micro-Injection Pumps for Neat Applications | Williams
What is a micro-injection pump?. It is a precision metering pump that can inject volumes as low as 0.025 cc/stroke into a given ... How do micro-injection pumps work?. Williams pumps are pneumatically actuated injection pumps that consist of an Oscillamatic ... When would you use a micro-injection pump?. When you need to use "Neat or concentrated" chemicals into a process and dont want ... The Williams Micro-Injection pump is designed and manufactured using 316 stainless steel with the product life expectancy up to ...
https://www.williamspumps.com/en-uy/technologies/micro-injection-pumps-for-neat-applications
Reversal of akinesia in experimental parkinsonism by GABA antagonist microinjections in the pedunculopontine nucleus - Nuffield...
The effect of bicuculline microinjection in the PPN matches that of oral administration of L-dopa. This finding opens up new ... Here we demonstrate that microinjection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor A antagonist substance, bicuculline, into the ... The effect of bicuculline microinjection in the PPN matches that of oral administration of L-dopa. This finding opens up new ... Reversal of akinesia in experimental parkinsonism by GABA antagonist microinjections in the pedunculopontine nucleus ...
https://www.nds.ox.ac.uk/publications/147442
Frontiers | Muscle-Type Nicotinic Receptor Blockade by Diethylamine, the Hydrophilic Moiety of LidocaineFrontiers | Muscle-Type Nicotinic Receptor Blockade by Diethylamine, the Hydrophilic Moiety of Lidocaine
Oocyte Preparation and Microinjection. Adult female Xenopus laevis (purchased from Harlan Interfauna Ibérica S.L., Barcelona, ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00012/full
Synvisc-One (Hyaluronic Acid) Micro Injection - 1x6ml - ZipRXSynvisc-One (Hyaluronic Acid) Micro Injection - 1x6ml - ZipRX
Synvisc-One (Hyaluronic Acid) Micro Injection - 1x6ml quantity. Add to cart. See A Better Price? Submit Here. ...
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Professional Plastic Micro Injection Molding for OEM manufacturing
Home ProductsMicro Injection Molding. Professional Plastic Micro Injection Molding for OEM manufacturing. ... Insert Micro Injection Molding For Plastic Material ISO Certification * Clean Room Plastic Injection Molding , Professional ... All Categories Medical Device Assembly Medical Device Contract Assembly Clean Room Assembly Micro Precision Machining Micro ... Matural Plastic Micro Injection Molding 10k Clean Room Grade With OEM Service ...
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Microinjection of the Monoclonal Anti-Tubulin Antibody YL1/2 Inhibits Cleavage of Sand Dollar Eggs<...
Microinjection of the Monoclonal Anti-Tubulin Antibody YL1/2 Inhibits Cleavage of Sand Dollar Eggs」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニー ... Microinjection of the Monoclonal Anti-Tubulin Antibody YL1/2 Inhibits Cleavage of Sand Dollar Eggs. In: Cell structure and ... Microinjection of the Monoclonal Anti-Tubulin Antibody YL1/2 Inhibits Cleavage of Sand Dollar Eggs. / Oka, Mikako T.; Hamaguchi ... Oka MT, Hamaguchi Y, Arai T. Microinjection of the Monoclonal Anti-Tubulin Antibody YL1/2 Inhibits Cleavage
https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/microinjection-of-the-monoclonal-anti-tubulin-antibody-yl12-inhib
CRISPR-Cas9EmbryosAntagonistMiceDorsalProteinsFluorescentGeneSynthesisExperimentsInjectionPreparationRatsParameterSingle cellCellSetupTreeTreatmentStudyEffectStageStudiesResearchEmbryo microinjectionTransgeneAutomated microinjection systemCytoplasmicLentiviralAntibodyCRISPRVitroMicroprocessor-controlledTransgenic miceOocytesRatsSpermMethodsNeuronsEmbryonicCellsSystemAcuteMethodReceptorConstructsAnatomicalLungTermSmallProductTechniquesDeviceDirect
CRISPR-Cas92
  • While the traditional approach has been to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 mRNA into the single cell embryos through microinjection, this can be a slow and inefficient process in catfish. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Here, a detailed protocol for microinjection of channel catfish embryos with CRISPR/Cas9 protein is described. (vanderbilt.edu)
Embryos1
  • Microinjection of DNA or ES cells into pre-implantation stage embryos. (irbbarcelona.org)
Antagonist2
  • Here we demonstrate that microinjection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor A antagonist substance, bicuculline, into the PPN of non-human primates (n = 2) rendered parkinsonian with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) results in significant improvement of akinesia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study examined whether microinjection of the full D1 agonist, SKF 81297, or the D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) would alter the expression phase of cocaine sensitization. (aspetjournals.org)
Mice1
  • We are fully competent taking a project from concept to delivery of live mice and performing genetic engineering in our laboratories, including allele design, construct development, microinjection, and genotyping of founder mice. (jax.org)
Dorsal2
  • The development of chronic pain has been associated with reduced concentrations of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in the midbrain dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), and microinjections of synthetic cannabinoids into the dPAG are antinociceptive. (bvsalud.org)
  • We previously reported that microinjection of THC (20 μg/side) into the rat dorsal hippocampus impaired spatial memory and that i.p. injection of THC (6 mg/kg) decreased the extracellular levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the dorsal hippocampus. (elsevier.com)
Proteins2
  • Frog oocytes synthesize and completely process the precursor polypeptide to virion structural proteins after microinjection of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA. (duke.edu)
  • After microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes with RNA from avian myeloblastosis virus, viral structural proteins p27, p19, p15, and p12 are formed by a sequence of posttranslational cleavages of a high-molecular-weight precursor polypeptide. (duke.edu)
Fluorescent1
  • Gap junction intercellular communication was assessed by the dye coupling method using fluorescent dye microinjection. (cdc.gov)
Gene1
  • Genome-wide approaches to epidermal function include short interfering RNA-based genetic screens in cultured human epidermal cells 8 and RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown via in utero microinjection of lentiviral vectors 9 . (nature.com)
Synthesis1
  • Synthesis can be scaled up for microinjection, viral RNA infection studies, in vitro translation, and binding experiments. (openwetware.org)
Experiments1
  • The toxicity of solvents should be examined in preliminary experiments (see details in Preliminary examination before microinjection experiments). (researchsquare.com)
Injection1
  • Quick overview ALSA (Propiconazole) 14.3 EC Microinjection Fungicide (Alamo) is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide for control of selected diseases in annual and ornamental plants and use as a flare root injection for prevention and treatment of Oak Wilt, Dutch elm disease, Sycamore Anthracnose, leaf diseases of Crabapple and other tree diseases. (hartagland.com)
Preparation1
  • The DNA transgene preparation for microinjection must be "clean" of all contaminants. (psu.edu)
Rats1
  • Effects of intrahypothalamic and intraventricular microinjections of norepinephrine (NE) were studied in fasted albino rats. (who.int)
Parameter1
  • The HTC is a dominant parameter in cooling simulations especially for microinjection moulding, where the high surface to volume ratio of the part results in very rapid cooling. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Single cell1
  • This protocol describes a detailed single cell microinjection technique to both attached and suspended cells, including cultured primary cells, cell lines and protozoan. (researchsquare.com)
Cell1
  • Oka, MT, Hamaguchi, Y & Arai, T 1990, ' Microinjection of the Monoclonal Anti-Tubulin Antibody YL1/2 Inhibits Cleavage of Sand Dollar Eggs ', Cell structure and function , vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 373-378. (elsevier.com)
Setup1
  • Freshly laid fertilized eggs are collected from breeding tanks and injected with the CRISPR/sgRNA stock volume into the blastomeres using a microinjection setup. (thermofisher.com)
Tree5
  • ALSA (Propiconazole) 14.3 EC, Tree Tech Microinjection Fungicide (Alamo), 10 mL. (hartagland.com)
  • Tree Tech Microinjection System Fungicides set a new standard for economical and environmentally safe tree health care. (hartagland.com)
  • Tree Tech Microinjection Fungicides, as traditional methods of applying chemicals and pesticides become less suited for environmentally sensitive uses, particularly in urban areas, the Tree Tech microinjection system continues to gain acceptance and wider use. (hartagland.com)
  • Systrex & Nutrient (Triadimefon & Fertilizer) Tree Tech Microinjection Fungicide, 14 mL. (hartagland.com)
  • Snipper (Indole-3-butyric acid) Tree Tech Microinjection Plant Growth Regulator (PGR), 5 mL. (hartagland.com)
Treatment2
  • Never assume that there is residual disease control extending into subsequent years from the previous year's microinjection treatment. (hartagland.com)
  • Systrex & Nutrient (Triadimefon & Fertilizer) Microinjection Fungicide A broad-spectrum systemic fungicide & micronutrient solution for the treatment and reinvigoration of trees declining due to abiotic and disease-related causes. (hartagland.com)
Study1
  • This study investigates the flow characteristics of microinjection-molded lightguiding plates. (elsevier.com)
Effect2
  • The effect of bicuculline microinjection in the PPN matches that of oral administration of L-dopa. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The effect of leptin is enhanced by microinjection into the ventromedial hypothalamus. (bvsalud.org)
Stage1
  • The key of this research is that the plastic melt front can arrive the end position at the same time on filling stage of lightguiding plate for microinjection molding. (elsevier.com)
Studies1
  • With the precisely controlled delivery dosage and subcellular location, microinjection has been used in the studies of primary cultured cells, transgenic animal production, in vitro fertilization and RNA inference. (researchsquare.com)
Research2
  • Optimized for transgenic mouse research, with state-of-the-art manipulator technology for microinjection at extremely flat angles. (pasteur.fr)
  • We also have a small microinjection suite based within the PCB Animal Research Center (SEA). (irbbarcelona.org)
Embryo microinjection2
  • Here, we described a detailed protocol for sand fly embryo microinjection taking into consideration the sand fly life cycle, manipulation and oviposition requirements of this non-model organism. (nih.gov)
  • Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases. (bioseek.eu)
Transgene3
  • Transposon-mediated transgenesis compares favorably in terms of both efficiency and reliable transgene expression with classic pronuclear microinjection, and it offers comparable efficacies to lentiviral approaches without limitations on vector design, issues of transgene silencing, and the toxicity and biosafety concerns of working with viral vectors. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • This group generates transgenic mice by pronuclear microinjection of researcher-provided DNA transgene constructs into mouse embryos. (nih.gov)
  • thebestgene.com (Bestgene Inc) provides fast, cheap and high quality Drosophila transgenic (transgene/injection/microinjection/p-element transformation) service. (thebestgene.com)
Automated microinjection system1
  • This paper presents a new automated microinjection system with high productivity for adherent cells. (edu.hk)
Cytoplasmic3
  • In this protocol, we describe the direct cytoplasmic microinjection of cytochrome c protein into fibroblasts and primary sympathetic neurons. (jove.com)
  • In order to study the post-mitochondrial regulation of caspase activation, many investigators have turned to direct cytoplasmic microinjection of holocytochrome c (heme-attached) protein into cells 6-9 . (jove.com)
  • Depending on the problem of the infertile couples, they will be provided with a variety of services including intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or microinjection, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and intra uterine insemination (IUI). (erfanhospital.ir)
Lentiviral1
  • 13. Direct gene transfer in the Gottingen minipig CNS using stereotaxic lentiviral microinjections. (nih.gov)
Antibody2
  • In comparison, a block of kinesin-1 activity, either via microinjection of the SUK-4 antibody or of a kinesin-1 heavy chain construct mutated in the motor domain, induced a dramatic increase in the size and reduction in number of substrate adhesions, mimicking the effect observed after microtubule disruption by nocodazole. (silverchair.com)
  • In vitro studies utilizing antibody microinjection, siRNA silencing and small molecule inhibitors have indicated that Aurora A functions in early as well as late stages of mitosis. (nih.gov)
CRISPR4
  • Here, we demonstrate that the microinjection of immature oocytes within the ovaries of Anolis sagrei females enables the production of CRISPR-Cas9-induced mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Microinjection of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in zygotes is an efficient and comparatively fast method to generate genetically modified mice. (pasteur.fr)
  • The RRRC can perform microinjection of zygotes to produce transgenic rats or genetically modified rats using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technologies. (nih.gov)
  • We offer rederivation services to help maintain your mouse lines, cryopreservation services to safely preserve your mouse lines for future use or shipment, pronuclear DNA, CRISPR-Cas9, and ES cell microinjections to generate unique mouse models, genome editing services and founder genotyping. (vanderbilt.edu)
Vitro2
  • RÉSUMÉ La présente étude menée en Turquie a évalué l'impact de la loi rendant obligatoire le transfert d'un embryon unique en fonction de l'âge et de l'augmentation consécutive des transferts d'embryons congelés-décongelés sur l'issue de la grossesse des patientes bénéficiant d'une fécondation in vitro. (who.int)
  • Le transfert d'un embryon unique, le transfert d'embryons congelés-décongelés et le transfert de deux embryons ont été réalisés chez 5632 patientes après l'entrée en vigueur de la loi, tandis que l'approche traditionnelle par fécondation in vitro et par transferts d'embryons congelés-décongelés a été utilisée chez 6029 patientes avant le vote de cette loi. (who.int)
Microprocessor-controlled2
  • The Cell Microinjection Facility uses a microprocessor-controlled semiautomatic microinjection apparatus to allow St. Jude researchers to precisely control the amount and timing of protein and DNA introduction into cells. (stjude.org)
  • Automated microprocessor controlled Microinjection Pipet delivering precise nanoliter volumes accurately. (adelab.com.au)
Transgenic mice1
  • The approach is technically very broad, but dominated by cellular and molecular biology studies, ranging from production of recombinant proteins for structural determination, site-directed mutagenesis and receptor binding, signal transduction studies, primary neuron cultures and microinjection, to overexpression studies in transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
Oocytes1
  • Attenuation of agonist-induced desensitization of the rat substance P receptor by microinjection of inositol pentakis-and hexakisphosphates in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
Rats1
  • Acute microinjection of TNF-α into the PVN significantly increased the activity of NADPH oxidase and ROS levels in rats with OH, which were effectively blocked by R-7050. (biomedcentral.com)
Sperm1
  • In microinjection, the sperm is injected into the mature ovum by a microinjection device. (erfanhospital.ir)
Methods1
  • Authoritative and practical, Microinjection: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers looking to take advantage of the breakthrough technologies in gene-editing and embryo micromanipulations. (bookdownload.org)
Neurons2
  • In this article, we describe a method for the microinjection of cytochrome c protein into cells, using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and primary sympathetic neurons as examples. (jove.com)
  • Responses of rat spinal dorsal horn neurons to intracutaneous microinjection of histamine, capsaicin, and other irritants. (painresearchforum.org)
Embryonic1
  • Over the past several decades, biologists have refined their transgenic techniques, including the introduction of DNA microinjection, embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer, and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. (gizmodo.com)
Cells3
  • Automated microinjection systems for suspension cells have been studied for years. (edu.hk)
  • Nevertheless, microinjection systems for adherent cells still suffer from laborious manual operations and low productivity. (edu.hk)
  • Microinjection uses a glass micropipette to directly inject the desired foreign DNA into the plant cells. (biolyse.ca)
System1
  • The researchers tested the microinjection system in mouse models of human lymphomas and lung cancers, as well as in canines. (nih.gov)
Acute1
  • Our results demonstrate a significant increase in retinal arteriolar diameter after juxta-arteriolar BQ-123 microinjection, both in healthy and in acute OBVR retinae. (arvojournals.org)
Method1
  • Intercellular connections via gap junctions in the stria vascularis, which constitutes the lateral wall of the cochlear duct, were investigated by the Lucifer yellow microinjection method with the aid of a confocal laser microscope. (elsevier.com)
Receptor1
  • Microinjection of inositol hexakisphosphate did not (a) change the potency of substance P or the sensitivity of the expressed substance P receptor to substance P, (b) inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced loss of substance P-induced current responses, or (c) alter the currents elicited by microinjection of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. (aspetjournals.org)
Constructs1
  • Specifically, the NTDF supports basic biomedical research by providing investigators with the following customized services: o Analyzing constructs for microinjection. (nih.gov)
Anatomical2
  • The microinjection mapping study demonstrated a broad anatomical gradient within the striatum, with sensitivity highest in relatively more lateral and ventral regions of the striatum (ventrolateral striatum, lateral shell and core). (nih.gov)
  • In all eyes, a slow, continuous microinjection of 30 µl BQ-123 (0.67 µg/ml) was performed approximately 50-100 µm from the retinal arteriole, avoiding exerting pressure on retina's anatomical structures. (arvojournals.org)
Lung1
  • Transport of particles of colloidal gold within and from rat lung after local deposition by alveolar microinjection. (nih.gov)
Term1
  • However, for those who wish to establish long-term capabilities for microinjecting, an alternative is to produce microinjection needles in the lab using thin wall borosilicate glass capillaries and a commercial needle puller. (jove.com)
Small1
  • Specialist in microinjection and small technical parts. (micronora.com)
Product1
Techniques1
  • In the present study, we utilized HPLC techniques to analyze retinoid levels in cultured rat conceptuses, 1.5 hr after intraamniotic microinjections of 4-oxo-13-cis-retinoic acid (2500 ng/mL), 4-oxo-all-trans-retinoic acid (600 ng/mL) or all-trans-retinoyl-beta-glucuronide (4000 ng/mL). (nih.gov)
Device1
  • A microinjection device can deliver several candidate therapeutics into a tumor. (nih.gov)
Direct2
  • Thus, the direct cytosolic microinjection of purified heme-attached cytochrome c protein is a useful tool to mimic mitochondrial cytochrome c release and apoptosis without the use of toxic insults which cause cellular and mitochondrial damage. (jove.com)
  • Direct microinjection of cathinone into the rat brain produces discriminative stimuli. (omeka.net)
Quorum Sensing Attenuates Virulence in Sodalis praecaptivus: Cell Host & Microbe
Quorum Sensing Attenuates Virulence in Sodalis praecaptivus: Cell Host & Microbe (cell.com)
Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity | Nature Communications
Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP),...
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP),... (cdc.gov)
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) -...
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) -... (cdc.gov)
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices...
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices... (cdc.gov)
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices...
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices... (cdc.gov)
Neuronal NR4A1 deficiency drives complement-coordinated synaptic stripping by microglia in a mouse model of lupus | Signal...
Neuronal NR4A1 deficiency drives complement-coordinated synaptic stripping by microglia in a mouse model of lupus | Signal... (nature.com)
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP),...
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP),... (cdc.gov)
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines (cdc.gov)
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United...
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United... (cdc.gov)
Engineering fluid flow using sequenced microstructures | Nature Communications
Engineering fluid flow using sequenced microstructures | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Mouse Mutant | IRB Barcelona
Mouse Mutant | IRB Barcelona (irbbarcelona.org)
Embryo Microinjection Station - Research - Institut Pasteur
Embryo Microinjection Station - Research - Institut Pasteur (research.pasteur.fr)
Targeting intrinsically disordered regions facilitates disco... : PAIN
Targeting intrinsically disordered regions facilitates disco... : PAIN (journals.lww.com)
E Medical Clinic and Surgery - Bukit Batok, Singapore
E Medical Clinic and Surgery - Bukit Batok, Singapore (whatclinic.com)
Ex situ cryoconservation of genomes and genes of endangered cattle breeds by means of modern biotechnological methods
Ex situ cryoconservation of genomes and genes of endangered cattle breeds by means of modern biotechnological methods (fao.org)
Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in...
Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in... (jove.com)
Genetic Engineering Facility | National Eye Institute
Genetic Engineering Facility | National Eye Institute (nei.nih.gov)
Novel Microinjection Promising for Macular Degeneration
Novel Microinjection Promising for Macular Degeneration (medscape.com)
Novel Microinjection Promising for Macular Degeneration
Novel Microinjection Promising for Macular Degeneration (medscape.com)