Microdialysis. Medical search

A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.

The fluid of the body that is outside of CELLS. It is the external environment for the cells.

Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.

One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.

A process of selective diffusion through a membrane. It is usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.

Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Mutant strains of rats that produce little or no hair. Several different homozygous recessive mutations can cause hairlessness in rats including rnu/rnu (Rowett nude), fz/fz (fuzzy), shn/shn (shorn), and nznu/nznu (New Zealand nude). Note that while NUDE RATS are often hairless, they are most characteristically athymic.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Loose connective tissue lying under the DERMIS, which binds SKIN loosely to subjacent tissues. It may contain a pad of ADIPOCYTES, which vary in number according to the area of the body and vary in size according to the nutritional state.

Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.

The phylogenetically newer part of the CORPUS STRIATUM consisting of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and PUTAMEN. It is often called simply the striatum.

A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.

Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.

Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Collections of small neurons centrally scattered among many fibers from the level of the TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS in the midbrain to the hypoglossal area in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.

Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.

The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate SEROTONIN RECEPTORS. Many serotonin receptor agonists are used as ANTIDEPRESSANTS; ANXIOLYTICS; and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.

A highly miniaturized version of ELECTROPHORESIS performed in a microfluidic device.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

A subclass of G-protein coupled SEROTONIN receptors that couple preferentially to GI-GO G-PROTEINS resulting in decreased intracellular CYCLIC AMP levels.

An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266)

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Novel insights into human endometrial paracrinology and embryo-maternal communication by intrauterine microdialysis. (1/2093)

The regulation of human implantation is still unknown. Evidence from mice suggests an essential role for several paracrine mediators but species differences with implantation in the human preclude the extrapolation of these concepts to humans. An intrauterine microdialysis device (IUMD), consisting of microdialysis tubing glued into a balloon catheter on one side and into a polypropylene tube on the other, allows a dynamic and accurate in-vivo measurement of uterine paracrine interactions in humans. Inserted into the uterine cavity in the form of a loop, it can be continuously perfused with saline to reveal a number of relevant cytokines and growth factors in uterine effluents of non-pregnant women in both follicular and luteal phases. These included interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), prolactin, and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The source of intrauterine HCG is unclear since endometrial mRNA for the HCG beta-subunit is not revealed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Applying urinary HCG locally via the IUMD profoundly alters endometrial secretory parameters. Prolactin, IGFBP-1, and M-CSF are significantly inhibited and VEGF is regulated in a biphasic manner involving early stimulation followed by inhibition of intrauterine levels. Use of the IUMD has thus shown that the urinary HCG preparations routinely used for ovulation induction and luteal support may directly alter endometrial function. (+info)

N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (2/2093)

Brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA) can be quantified by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and is used in clinical settings as a marker of neuronal density. It is, however, uncertain whether the change in brain NAA content in acute stroke is reliably measured by 1H-MRS and how NAA is distributed within the ischemic area. Rats were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Preischemic values of [NAA] in striatum were 11 mmol/L by 1H-MRS and 8 mmol/kg by HPLC. The methods showed a comparable reduction during the 8 hours of ischemia. The interstitial level of [NAA] ([NAA]e) was determined by microdialysis using [3H]NAA to assess in vivo recovery. After induction of ischemia, [NAA]e increased linearly from 70 micromol/L to a peak level of 2 mmol/L after 2 to 3 hours before declining to 0.7 mmol/L at 7 hours. For comparison, [NAA]e was measured in striatum during global ischemia, revealing that [NAA]e increased linearly to 4 mmol/L after 3 hours and this level was maintained for the next 4 h. From the change in in vivo recovery of the interstitial space volume marker [14C]mannitol, the relative amount of NAA distributed in the interstitial space was calculated to be 0.2% of the total brain NAA during normal conditions and only 2 to 6% during ischemia. It was concluded that the majority of brain NAA is intracellularly located during ischemia despite large increases of interstitial [NAA]. Thus, MR quantification of NAA during acute ischemia reflects primarily changes in intracellular levels of NAA. (+info)

Determination of free interstitial concentrations of piperacillin-tazobactam combinations by microdialysis. (3/2093)

The investigation of tissue penetration and distribution of antibiotics is of great importance, since infections occur mostly in the tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam, alone and in combination, by measuring total plasma and free interstitial concentrations, and to examine the relationship between free levels of both drugs in blood and those in the extracellular space. Piperacillin and tazobactam were administered, alone and in combination, to anaesthetized rats as a single iv bolus dose. Total plasma concentrations and free extracellular concentrations were quantified by HPLC. In-vivo microdialysis sampling was used to study the free tissue distribution patterns of both drugs. The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in plasma were consistent with a two-compartment body model. Piperacillin pharmacokinetics were not influenced by co-administration of tazobactam. Tazobactam's volumes of distribution and clearance were decreased by the co-administration of piperacillin and the area under the curve was significantly increased. Comparisons between calculated free concentrations in the peripheral compartment for both drugs and measured free extracellular concentrations revealed excellent agreement. For piperacillin and tazobactam, alone and in combination, predictions of the concentration-time profiles of free drug in the peripheral compartment can be made on the basis of plasma data. (+info)

Effects of mCPP on the extracellular concentrations of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain. (4/2093)

Intravenous administration of m-chloro-phenylpiperazine (mCPP) (0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg) induced a marked and dose-related increase in extracellular concentrations of serotonin in hippocampus (300-1,400% of baseline) as measured using in vivo microdialysis in awake male Wistar rats of the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) strain. Indicating that the effect of mCPP was caused by a reversal of the serotonin transporter, it was antagonized by pretreatment with the serotonin re-uptake inhibitor citalopram (10 mg/kg) but was unaffected by local administration of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 microns). mCPP was also shown to induce an increase in extracellular concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum of SH rats and in the nucleus accumbens of rats of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain; this effect of mCPP was, however, much weaker (125-170% of baseline) than the effect on serotonin; moreover, it seems to be TTX-sensitive. In anesthetized SD rats, mCPP induced a moderate reduction of nigral dopamine cell firing rate; supporting the assumption that this effect is secondary to the observed increase in dopamine release, it was blocked by pretreatment either with the dopamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine or with the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol. In conclusion, the results suggest that mCPP induces a marked, TTX-insensitive increase in serotonin release in rat brain, but only a modest and TTX-sensitive increase in the extracellular levels of dopamine. (+info)

Estimation of rat muscle blood flow by microdialysis probes perfused with ethanol, [14C]ethanol, and 3H2O. (5/2093)

We used the perfused rat hindquarter to evaluate whether the microdialysis ethanol technique can be used to qualitatively estimate nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow. Four microdialysis probes were inserted in different hindlimb muscles in each of 16 rats. Hindquarters were perfused at blood flow rates ranging from 0 to 21 ml. 100 g-1. min-1. The microdialysis probes were perfused at 2 microliter/min with perfusate containing ethanol, [14C]ethanol, and 3H2O. Within and between experiments outflow-to-inflow ratios (o/i) generally varied inversely with blood flow. When a low flow or no flow was maintained in hindquarters, o/i ratios first increased with time (for at least 60 min) and then leveled off. The long time constant impaired detection of rapid oscillations in blood flow, especially at low blood flow rates. Contractions per se apparently decreased o/i ratios independent of blood flow. Ethanol and [14C]ethanol o/i ratios did not differ. 3H2O o/i paralleled ethanol and [14C]ethanol o/i ratios but it was significantly lower. In conclusion, differences in skeletal muscle blood flow can be detected by the microdialysis technique. However, the slow changes in o/i, in particular at low blood flow rates, limit the usefulness of the technique for measuring dynamic changes in blood flow; caution must also be exerted during muscle contractions. 3H2O and [14C]ethanol are good alternatives to ethanol in the determination of blood flow by microdialysis. (+info)

Metabolism and inflammatory mediators in the peritendinous space measured by microdialysis during intermittent isometric exercise in humans. (6/2093)

1. The metabolic processes that occur around the tendon during mechanical loading and exercise are undescribed in man. These processes are important for understanding the development of overuse inflammation and injury. 2. A microdialysis technique was used to determine interstitial concentrations of glycerol, glucose, lactate, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) as well as to calculate tissue substrate balance in the peritendinous region of the human Achilles tendon. Recovery of 48-62 % (range) at rest and 70-77 % during exercise were obtained for glycerol, glucose and PGE2. 3. Six young healthy humans were studied at rest, during 30 min of intermittent static plantar flexion of the ankle at a workload corresponding to individual body weight, and during 60 min of recovery. Microdialysis was performed in both legs with simultaneous determination of blood flow by 133Xe washout in the same area, and blood sampling from the radial artery. 4. With exercise, the net release of lactate as well as of glycerol from the peritendinous space of the Achilles tendon increased 2-fold (P < 0.05). Furthermore a 100 % increase in interstitial concentration of PGE2 and TXB2 was found, but it was only significant for TXB2(P < 0.05). As peritendinous blood flow increased 2- to 3-fold during intermittent static contractions, this indicates also that the output of these substances from the tissue increased during exercise. 5. This study indicates that both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as inflammatory activity is accelerated in the peritendinous region of the human Achilles tendon with dynamic loading. (+info)

Evaluation of the microdialysis technique in the dog fat pad. (7/2093)

In the present study the microdialysis technique was evaluated in an isolated autoperfused dog fat pad. Concentrations of glucose, lactate, and glycerol were measured in interstitial fluid by microdialysis and simultaneously in arterial and adipose venous plasma. Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by both 133Xe washout and timed weighing of venous blood. Metabolite concentrations in adipose venous plasma calculated from interstitial and arterial metabolite concentrations and 133Xe washout were positively correlated with measured venous concentrations (glucose: r = 0.95, lactate: r = 0.92, glycerol: r = 0.81). Calculated and measured venous plasma concentrations did not differ for either glucose or lactate, but for glycerol, calculated concentration was on average 76% of measured concentration. Metabolite exchanges (Fick's principle) calculated from interstitial metabolite concentrations were positively correlated with measured exchanges only for lactate (r = 0.69). In conclusion, metabolite concentrations in adipose venous plasma can be calculated from microdialysis measurements with greater accuracy for glucose and lactate than for glycerol. The precision, however, is too low to allow calculation of metabolite exchange when arteriovenous metabolite differences are low. (+info)

Interstitial Ca2+ undergoes dynamic changes sufficient to stimulate nerve-dependent Ca2+-induced relaxation. (8/2093)

We recently described a perivascular sensory nerve-linked dilator system that can be activated by interstitial Ca2+ (Ca2+isf). The present study tested the hypothesis that Ca2+isf in the rat duodenal submucosa varies through a range that is sufficient to activate this pathway. An in situ microdialysis method was used to estimate Ca2+isf. When the duodenal lumen was perfused with Ca2+-free buffer, Ca2+isf was 1.0 +/- 0.13 mmol/l. Ca2+isf increased to 1.52 +/- 0.04, 1.78 +/- 0.10, and 1.89 +/- 0.1 when the lumen was perfused with buffer containing 3, 6, and 10 mmol/l Ca2+, respectively (P < 0.05). Ca2+isf was 1.1 +/- 0.06 mmol/l in fasted animals and increased to 1. 4 +/- 0.06 mmol/l in free-feeding rats (P < 0.05). Wire myography was used to study isometric tension responses of isolated mesenteric resistance arteries. Cumulative addition of extracellular Ca2+-relaxed serotonin- and methoxamine-precontracted arteries with half-maximal effective doses of 1.54 +/- 0.05 and 1.67 +/- 0.08 mmol/l, respectively (n = 5). These data show that duodenal Ca2+isf undergoes dynamic changes over a range that activates the sensory nerve-linked dilator system and indicate that this system can link changes in local Ca2+ transport with alterations in regional resistance and organ blood flow. (+info)

A microdialysis study". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 119 (3): 294-296. doi:10.1007/BF02445840. ISSN 0007-4888 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromantane

... a microdialysis study". European Journal of Pharmacology. 242 (2): 151-63. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(93)90075-S. PMID 8253112. ... in vivo microdialysis study)". Pharmacological Research. 43 (3): 283-90. doi:10.1006/phrs.2000.0773. PMID 11401421. Millan MJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UH-232

Surgery can also be used for microdialysis protocols to implant and tether the dialysis probe and guide cannula. Radiosurgery ... A.4A.1-A.4A.9.CS1 maint: location (link) Zapata, Agustin (2009). "Microdialysis in Rodents". Current Protocols in Neuroscience ... Zapata, A., Chefer, V. I. and Shippenberg, T. S. (2009). "Microdialysis in Rodents". Current Protocols in Neuroscience. 47: 7.2 ... applications of stereotactic surgery are to introduce fluids directly to the brain or to implant cannulae and microdialysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotactic_surgery

C: Microdialysis. Protein crystals are almost always grown in solution. The most common approach is to lower the solubility of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

24(7): p. 2034-9. "in vivo MicroDialysis Hollow Fibers". Spectrumlabs.com. Retrieved 2010-10-26. CS1 maint: discouraged ... a microdialysis catheter CMA 60 implanted transdermally and the sensor connected to its tygon tubing. This sensor was tested in ... was entrapped in a sealed microdialysis tube, in the same lab, namely of J Schultz, in 2001 another study was published using ... microdialysis fibres using a Fret ConA sensor but with different labels and using sephadex instead of dextran (the former being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_glucose_biosensor

Müller, M (2002). "Science, medicine, and the future: Microdialysis". BMJ. 324 (7337): 588-91. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7337.588. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe_tip

Electrodialysis Haemodialysis Microdialysis Osmosis Peritoneal dialysis AutoAnalyzer. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_(biochemistry)

"In Vivo Measurements of Neurotransmitters by Microdialysis Sampling". Analytical Chemistry. 78 (5): 1391-1399. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kennedy_(chemist)

Fuller RW (1994). "Uptake inhibitors increase extracellular serotonin concentration measured by brain microdialysis". Life ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT1A_receptor

... a microdialysis study". Journal of Neurochemistry. 56 (3): 938-44. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02012.x. PMID 1847191. S2CID ... "Tonic GABA-ergic modulation of striatal dopamine release studied by in vivo microdialysis in the freely moving rat". European ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid

McDonald S, Lunte C (November 2003). "Determination of the dermal penetration of esterom components using microdialysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterom

EMD-386,088 EMDT 5-Bromo-DMT 5-Chloro-AMT Valentini V, Frau R, Bordi F, Borsini F, Di Chiara G (March 2011). "A microdialysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST-1936

"Physiological levels of glucagon do not influence lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue as assessed by microdialysis". The ... "Effect of training on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis determined by microdialysis in human adipose tissue". The American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_adipose_tissue

An In Vivo Microdialysis Study". Sleep. 26 (8): 943-47. doi:10.1093/sleep/26.8.943. ISSN 0161-8105. PMID 14746372. Sato, A ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine

Samples can be introduced by flow injection, microdialysis, or by coupling with liquid chromatography. Flow rates are typically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_atom_bombardment

Wong BJ, Tublitz NJ, Minson CT (Nov 2005). "Neurokinin-1 receptor desensitization to consecutive microdialysis infusions of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

Other microdialysis studies that have been performed have shown that the presence of natural reinforcers such as food, water, ... Another research technique that was used in determining the function of the MFB was microdialysis. Reinforcing electrical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_forebrain_bundle

Through PET studies and microdialysis, the compound's brain permeability was able to be further elucidated. (-)-Phenserine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenserine

"Comparison of a needle-type and a microdialysis continuous glucose monitor in type 1 diabetic patients". Diabetes Care. 28 (12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_glucose_monitoring

... a dermal microdialysis study". The British Journal of Dermatology. 142 (6): 1114-20. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03535.x. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itch

Microdialysis may also be used to separate nanoparticles from the solutions in which they were formed. In such a separation, ... Commercially available microdialysis probes typically have molecular weight cutoffs that range from 1,000 to 300,000 Da, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_weight_cut-off

However, more recent in vivo studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend. These studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Methylamphetamine

Moghaddem used the technique of in vivo microdialysis to look at the composition of extracellular dopamine in the rodent brain ... Moghaddam, Bita; Bunney, Benjamin S. (1989). "Ionic Composition of Microdialysis Perfusing Solution Alters the Pharmacological ... An In Vivo Microdialysis Study". Journal of Neurochemistry. 54 (5): 1755-1760. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01230.x. ISSN ... Characterization of dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex as assessed by in vivo microdialysis: Comparison to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bita_Moghaddam

"Physiological Levels of Glucagon Do Not Influence Lipolysis in Abdominal Adipose Tissue as Assessed by Microdialysis". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipolysis

... s can be used for electrospinning, electrospraying, microdialysis, microfluidics, dispensing/dilution, tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syringe_driver

The use of microdialysis and voltammetry in studies has indicated that neurotransmitter-mediated responses may be different, ... "Functional Mapping of Dorsal and Median Raphe 5-Hydroxytryptamine Pathways in Forebrain of the Rat Using Microdialysis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_raphe_nucleus

Dopamine and serotonin were collected using microdialysis, and increases in dopamine and serotonin were measured using HPLC. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mephedrone

1985;15(3):263-8. Löhnroth P, Jansson P, Smith U. A microdialysis method allowing characterization of extracellular water space ... Comparison of cerebral Open Flow Microperfusion and Microdialysis when sampling small lipophilic and small hydrophilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_flow_microperfusion

... a microdialysis study". J Sex Med. 7 (5): 1757-67. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01763.x. PMID 20163532. D'Aquila P, Monleon S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flibanserin

... and aspartate release from rat prefrontal cortex studied in vivo with microdialysis". Brain Research Bulletin. 77 (2-3): 129-35 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meclinertant

The microdialysis technique requires the insertion of a small microdialysis catheter (also referred to as microdialysis probe) ... The microdialysis principle was first employed in the early 1960s, when push-pull canulas[2] and dialysis sacs[3] were ... The first non-metabolite to be analyzed by microdialysis in vivo in the human brain was rifampicin.[12][13][14] ... The microdialysis technique has undergone much development since its first use in 1972,[4] when it was first employed to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdialysis

Microdialysis News and Research. RSS Microdialysis is a minimally invasive technique that is used for the continuous sampling ... Making the Most of Microdialysis for Neurotransmitter Analysis Martin Eysberg provides an introduction to the ALEXYS ... Researchers from Kanazawa University report in Journal of Neuroscience performed a microdialysis study on mice to determine ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Microdialysis

JNeurosci Online ISSN: 1529-2401. The ideas and opinions expressed in JNeurosci do not necessarily reflect those of SfN or the JNeurosci Editorial Board. Publication of an advertisement or other product mention in JNeurosci should not be construed as an endorsement of the manufacturers claims. SfN does not assume any responsibility for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to any use of any material contained in JNeurosci.. ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/keyword/microdialysis?page=7

Apart from conventional microdialysis that sample small molecular weight analytes, Charles River offers a push-pull method to ... Case Study: Customized Microdialysis. * Situation Client-developed compound showed clear behavioral phenotype, but mechanism of ... Apart from conventional microdialysis that sample small molecular weight analytes, Charles River offers a push-pull method to ... Microdialysis is a minimally-invasive sampling technique that is used for continuous measurement of free, unbound analyte ...

https://www.criver.com/products-services/discovery-services/vivo-pharmacology/neuroscience-translational-tools/microdialysis

Conventional microdialysis can take more than an hour to collect a sample and additional time to analyze it and return the ... A microdialysis probe (inserted at left) monitors tissue removed from a patients forearm for use in a free-flap reconstructive ... A microdialysis probe (inserted at left) monitors tissue removed from a patients forearm for use in a free-flap reconstructive ... Microdialysis In The Operating Room Method that measures glucose and lactate levels in tissues helps improve reconstructive ...

https://cen.acs.org/articles/91/i15/Microdialysis-Operating-Room.html.html

Cma Microdialysis Ab. Microdialysis catheter and a method of making a microdialysis catheter. ... Cma Microdialysis Ab. Microdialysis Catheter and a Method of Making a Microdialysis Catheter. ... Cma/Microdialysis Ab. Microdialysis catheter and a method of making a microdialysis catheter. ... Although this prior microdialysis catheter represents a major step forward in the art of microdialysis, it still suffers from ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US6346090?dq=ininventor:oliver+ininventor:steele

Associations of Microdialysis with chemical compounds. *In conclusion, our data demonstrate that in situ microdialysis is a ... High impact information on Microdialysis. *In vivo microdialysis of muscle tissue was used to determine the gradient between ... Gene context of Microdialysis. *Next, we demonstrated by simultaneous microdialysis of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the PVN ... Disease relevance of Microdialysis. *Sixty minutes after the insertion of the microdialysis probes, systemic hypoxia was ...

http://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/13536.html

CMA 4004 Microdialysis Syringe Pump The CMA 4004 Touch Screen Syringe Pump is a totally new design that is easy-to-use and can ... CMA 402 Microdialysis Syringe Pump The CMA 402 Syringe Pump is a compact, flexible, dual syringe pump designed for low ... CMA 130 In Vitro Stand The CMA 130 In Vitro Stand is used for storage and during testing of microdialysis probes. Learn ... CMA 120 System for Freely Moving Animals The CMA 120 System for Freely Moving Animals enables microdialysis studies on ...

https://www.harvardapparatus.com/microdialysis-cma/instruments.html

Rodent Microdialysis Surgical Kits by Harvard Apparatus. *Rodent Microdialysis Surgical Kit is ideally suited for rat ... Because CMA (a Harvard Apparatus company) specializes in microdialysis,the essential tools required for this application have ...

http://www.medline.com/product/Rodent-Microdialysis-Surgical-Kits-by-Harvard-Apparatus/Research/Z05-PF97266?question=&index=P9&indexCount=9

Microdialysis in Drug Development Microdialysis in Drug Development. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, Vol. ... Open Flow Microperfusion: An Alternative Method to Microdialysis?. Publikation aus Health. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Pieber, DI Dr ...

https://www.joanneum.at/health/publikationen/detail/publications/open-flow-microperfusion-an-alternative-method-to-microdialysis/

Microdialysis Probes. The design of microdialysis probes typically falls into two basic categories, linear and pin (or " ... When you use BASi® brain microdialysis probes and guides, you will need a Probe Clamp to fit to your existing stereotaxic frame ... They are most often used for brain microdialysis, though can also be used for vascular and other implants. The linear style ...

https://www.basinc.com/products/In-Vivo/MDprobes

Ketamine and Glutamate After Brain Injury : a Microdialysis Study (KETABRAIN). The safety and scientific validity of this study ... Ketamine and Glutamate After Brain Injury : a Microdialysis Study Official Title ICMJE Effect of Ketamine Versus Sufentanil on ... Chamoun R, Suki D, Gopinath SP, Goodman JC, Robertson C. Role of extracellular glutamate measured by cerebral microdialysis in ... and microdialysis. This last monitoring allows measurement of brain parenchymal concentrations of small molecules : glucose, ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02232347

... Publikation aus Materials ... an optoelectronic measuring unit and a microdialysis. catheter (CMA 60) for the extraction of the biological fluid from the ...

https://www.joanneum.at/materials/publikationen/detail/publications/continuous-oxygen-monitoring-in-subcutaneous-adipose-tissue-using-microdialysis-1/

Microstimulation in The Brain-Does Microdialysis Influence the Activated Volume of Tissue?(2151 kB). 632 downloads. ... Microstimulation in The Brain: Does Microdialysis Influence the Activated Volume of Tissue?. Krapohl, David University of ... The neurotransmit- ter outflow in close proximity to the stimulation is hereby measured by means of microdialysis. To establish ... deep brain stimulation, electrode-brain interface, impedance, microdialysis, microelectrodes National Category Industrial ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:280516

Preferential Targeting of Subpopulations of 5-HT1A Receptors: Microdialysis Study. Research Grant, 2013. This grant builds upon ... Anti-dyskinetic Activity of the Selective 5-HT1A Agonist NLX-112: Behavioral and Microdialysis Studies ...

https://www.michaeljfox.org/foundation/grant-detail.php?grant_id=1123

Multimodal cerebral monitoring was utilized to examine the relationship between pathological changes in microdialysis ... Each patient was monitored with a linear strip electrode for ECoG data and a cerebral microdialysis probe. SD were detected in ... Multimodal cerebral monitoring was utilized to examine the relationship between pathological changes in microdialysis ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Cerebral-microdialysis-in-acutely-brain/21116927.html

Its set up similar to our microdialysis system for rats, but with a smaller container and lever arm, and our unique looped ... We have created an awake animal microdialysis system just for mice. ... Mouse Microdialysis. We have created an awake animal microdialysis system just for mice. Its set up similar to our ... Purchase mouse microdialysis probes and other required equipment from CMA/Microdialysis, Microbiotech/se and others. ...

https://www.instechlabs.com/applications/microdialysis/mouse-one-probe

Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular vein and brain striatum for blood and brain sampling, respectively. ... Microdialysis probes, being home-made, were screened for acceptable in vivo recovery. Chromatographic resolution and detection ... Simultaneous determination of cefazolin in rat blood and brain by microdialysis and microbore liquid chromatography.. Tsai TH1 ... A sensitive microbore liquid chromatographic method combined with the minimally invasive technique of microdialysis was devised ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10861740?dopt=Abstract

... is a portable instrument provided with a micro-pump and a biosensor coupled to a microdialysis system capable of recording the ... A microdialysis technique for continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in diabetic patients (part 1) Biosens Bioelectron. ... is a portable instrument provided with a micro-pump and a biosensor coupled to a microdialysis system capable of recording the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12713912/?dopt=Abstract

Response to Microdialysis of Prostaglandins, Thromboxane, and Other Eicosanoids: Recall Past Knowledge. Ylva Hellsten, Jens ... Microdialysis of prostaglandins, thromboxane, and other eicosanoids: recall past knowledge. Hypertension. 2012;59:e39. ... In situ microdialysis of intramuscular prostaglandin and thromboxane in contracting skeletal muscle in humans. Acta Physiol ... We have found that several kinds of commercial microdialysis probes, despite adequate cutoff, have very poor in vivo recoveries ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/59/5/e40

By visualizing the microdialysis data, Kohonen maps allow us to see these metabolic responses, and may thus aid us in treating ... Metabolic profile of injured human spinal cord determined using surface microdialysis.. Chen S, Phang I, Zoumprouli A, ... glutamate and glycerol using microdialysis as well as intraspinal pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure. A hexagonal ...

http://www.wingsforlife.com/de/aktuelles/metabolic-profile-of-injured-human-spinal-cord-determined-using-surface-microdialysis-1695/

The technique of microdialysis enables sampling and collecting of small‐molecular‐weight substances from the interstitial space ... Use of microdialysis in neuroendocrinology. Methods Enzymol. 168:182‐205. Kendrick, K.M. 1990. Microdialysis measurement of in ... Brain microdialysis. J. Neurochem. 52:1667‐1679. Benveniste, H. and Huttemeier, P.C. 1990. Microdialysis: Theory and ... Microdialysis compared with other in vivo release models. In Microdialysis in the Neurosciences (T.E. Robinson and J.B. Justice ...

http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/CPUnit/refId-ns0701.html

Connect microdialysis probes to swivels, pumps and fraction collectors. This custom-extruded FEP tubing has the same inner and ... Connects microdialysis probes to swivels, pumps and fraction collectors. *Same ID/OD as 22ga quartz-lined microdialysis swivels ... FEP Tubing for Microdialysis. Designed to connect microdialysis probes to swivels, pumps and fraction collectors, this custom- ... Microdialysis Tubing Connectors. Connect FEP tubing to 22ga swivels, probes and syringes with no added dead volume. ...

https://www.instechlabs.com/products/tubing-connectors-pinports/tubing/fep-microdialysis-tubing

... Abrahamsson, Pernilla Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, ... Microdialysis, Liver, Ischemia, Reperfusion, Surface probe, Metabolism National Category Physiology Biomedical Laboratory ... Background: To investigate whether surface microdialysis (μD) sampling in probes covered by a plastic film, as compared to ...

http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A876273&c=3&searchType=ORGANISATION&language=en&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22organisationId%22%3A%22794%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all

Is microdialysis useful for early detection of acute rejection after kidney transplantation?. [Hamidreza Fonouni, Mohammad ... The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microdialysis (MD) in the early detection of acute graft rejection factor ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/25865085

It was demonstrated that well-calibrated microdialysis sampling in rats could be used to assess the percutaneous penetration ... In vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro antifungal activity of iodiconazole, a new triazole, determined by microdialysis sampling ... in rat dermal interstitial fluid and blood was investigated by double-site microdialysis following dermal administration. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298433

... as measured by microdialysis J Neurochem. 1996 Jun;66(6):2373-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062373.x. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8632159/?dopt=Abstract

... is a polypropylene deep-well assay plate suficient for 96 microdialysis devices.,br,,br,,b,Related Products,/b,,br,,a ... Thermo Scientific™ 96-well Deep-well Plate, 2.2mL, for Pierce™ 96-well Microdialysis ... is a polypropylene deep-well assay plate suficient for 96 microdialysis devices. ...

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The effect of hyperglycemia on in vivo adipose tissue metabolism was studied with microdialysis in seven lean patients with ... Effects of Hyperglycemia on In Vivo Adipose Tissue Metabolism Studied With Microdialysis in IDDM Subjects. ... Effects of Hyperglycemia on In Vivo Adipose Tissue Metabolism Studied With Microdialysis in IDDM Subjects ... Effects of Hyperglycemia on In Vivo Adipose Tissue Metabolism Studied With Microdialysis in IDDM Subjects ...

https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/43/7/866

The microdialysis technique requires the insertion of a small microdialysis catheter (also referred to as microdialysis probe) into the tissue of interest. (wikipedia.org)
The microdialysis probe is designed to mimic a blood capillary and consists of a shaft with a semipermeable hollow fiber membrane at its tip, which is connected to inlet and outlet tubing. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the constant perfusion of the microdialysis probe with fresh perfusate, a total equilibrium cannot be established. (wikipedia.org)
In theory, the extraction efficiency of a microdialysis probe can be determined by: 1) changing the drug concentrations while keeping the flow rate constant or 2) changing the flow rate while keeping the respective drug concentrations constant. (wikipedia.org)
This method is used in various tissues including the GI tract, heart, liver, bone, kidney, lung, eye, and skin tissue and is a modified regular microdialysis probe combining measurement of absolute levels in the tissue of interest with sampled volume collection equal to the regular microdialysis technique. (criver.com)
A microdialysis probe (inserted at left) monitors tissue removed from a patient's forearm for use in a free-flap reconstructive surgery. (acs.org)
When you use BASi® brain microdialysis probes and guides, you will need a Probe Clamp to fit to your existing stereotaxic frame . (basinc.com)
Each patient was monitored with a linear strip electrode for ECoG data and a cerebral microdialysis probe. (biomedsearch.com)
In addition, the data of Tsikas et al 1 originate from only 1 probe in 1 subject, and from long-term experience with microdialysis we know that there can be large individual variations and that positioning of the probe can be an important issue, in particular, in obese subjects. (ahajournals.org)
Microdialysis of dopamine interpreted with quantitative model incorporating probe implantation trauma. (currentprotocols.com)
A microdialysis catheter, a Pti o 2 probe, and an intracerebral pressure catheter were inserted into the periventricular white matter 0-7 mm from the right frontal horn in 10 patients with IAHS. (bmj.com)
A subcutaneous microdialysis probe was used as reference. (bmj.com)
Lonjon M, Risso JJ, Palmier B, Negrin J, Darbin O. Effects of hypothermic deep-anaesthesia on energy metabolism at brain and peripheral levels: a multi-probe microdialysis study in free-moving rat. (springer.com)
Connected to the syringes in the CMA 402 Syringe Pump and a Microdialysis probe, two different perfusion fluids can be combined, even gradually, without introducing air bubbles into the system. (harvardapparatus.co.uk)
The microdialysis probe (Fig. 1 ), which is inserted into tissue, has a semipermeable dialysis membrane at its tip. (aspetjournals.org)
Drug sampling by microdialysis relies on diffusion of drug across the probe membrane driven by the difference in free concentration between the ECF and the dialysate flowing along the inside surface of the membrane. (aspetjournals.org)
Schematic of a microdialysis probe with an inflow tube through which a physiological solution is continuously perfused, a semipermeable dialysis membrane, and an outflow tube from which the dialysate is collected. (aspetjournals.org)
Several methods have been developed to estimate microdialysis probe recovery. (aspetjournals.org)
When evaluating the results of intracerebral microdialysis, the in vivo performance of the microdialysis probe must be considered, because this determines the fraction of the interstitial concentration obtained in the microdialysis samples. (thejns.org)
Urea was measured by enzymatic methods, at bedside for the microdialysis samples and in routine clinical laboratory studies for the BS samples, with the probe calibrated to give identical results. (thejns.org)
Thus, in order to satisfy the above points, we have tried to develop a new microdialysis probe for the kidney. (nii.ac.jp)
Thus, the newly developed microdialysis probe is a useful tool for studying the dynamics of various substances in ECF. (nii.ac.jp)
Six weeks later the animals were implanted microdialysis probe (molecular weight cut-off index : 12,000-14,000) into the ventromedial portion of hypothalamus (VMH). (nii.ac.jp)
Recovery characteristics of a rigid, nonmetallic microdialysis probe for use in an electromagnetic field. (emf-portal.org)
Enhanced Intracranial Microdialysis by Reduction of Traumatic Penetration Injury at the Probe Track. (semanticscholar.org)
The CMA 402 is available in two different versions, one of which includes accessories such as vial holders and probe clips, allowing easier handling of the microdialysis probe. (ecwid.com)
A microdialysis probe is implanted into the target brain tissue of the subject animal. (amuzainc.com)
Perfusate mimicking the extracellular fluid is slowly pumped through the microdialysis probe. (amuzainc.com)
For small molecules - a syringe pump , microdialysis probe , rotating cage stage, balance arm , and a fraction collector . (amuzainc.com)
For example, if you want to analyze neuropeptides from a section of the brain that is 3mm in diameter, then the membrane on the microdialysis probe needs to have a large pore size and the length of the membrane should be of similar diameter. (amuzainc.com)
A microdialysis probe is a small "Y" shaped catheter containing an inlet and outlet port with a fibrous, semi-permeable membrane located at the bottom tip. (amuzainc.com)
The microdialysis probe is gently inserted through a previously surgically implanted guide cannula, to allow the membrane to rest in the desired brain tissue. (amuzainc.com)
For each microdialysis probe, there are two thin lines of tubing necessary to transfer aCSF to and from the probe. (amuzainc.com)
The "MBR" style microdialysis probe is primarily intended for use for mouse brain microdialysis or adjacent multiple rat brain implants. (perfect-lab.pl)

It's set up similar to our microdialysis system for rats, but with a smaller container and lever arm, and our unique looped wire tether. (instechlabs.com)
A sensitive microbore liquid chromatographic method combined with the minimally invasive technique of microdialysis was devised for simultaneously and continuously monitoring the levels of unbound blood and brain cefazolin in rats. (nih.gov)
It was demonstrated that well-calibrated microdialysis sampling in rats could be used to assess the percutaneous penetration kinetics of iodiconazole cream. (nih.gov)
To support investigations that seek to understand these causes, the plasma and central nervous system pharmacokinetics of clozapine were determined in rats, the latter using microdialysis sampling. (aspetjournals.org)
A comprehensive in vivo evaluation of brain penetrability and central nervous system (CNS) pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine in rats was conducted using brain microdialysis. (aspetjournals.org)
Release properties of intrahippocampal transplants of noradrenergic neurons were monitored by microdialysis in awake and halothane-anaesthetized rats. (lu.se)
Changes in hypothalamic monoamine metabolism was investigated in freely moving streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by using in vivo microdialysis technique. (nii.ac.jp)
Anaesthetized rats had microdialysis probes carrying L-[14C]glucose inserted through a calf muscle group (tibialis/plantaris/gastrocnemius). (edu.au)
Acute and repeated flibanserin administration in female rats modulates monoamines differentially across brain areas: a microdialysis study. (semanticscholar.org)
Microdialysis was performed in awake rats with probes placed into the mPFC. (springer.com)
Their lab recently used the Eicom AtmosLM (large molecule) microdialysis system as a way to quantitate a mAb in multiple brain regions simultaneously, generating data to underpin pharmacokinetic models for the disposition of mAbs in rats (1,2). (amuzainc.com)
MBR 10 microdialysis probes are suitable for ventral implants in rats or for multiple implant sites. (perfect-lab.pl)
Intra-TMJ injection of the small fiber excitant, allyl isothiocyanate (AIC), increased the levels of E2 collected from microdialysis probes sites at Vc of ovariectomized (OvX) female rats, ipsilateral to the stimulus, whereas males displayed no change. (frontiersin.org)

In our unit, patients with severe head injury are monitored by a triple lumen access device including ICP (IntraCerebral Pressure), PtiO2 (oxygen pressure in the brain) and microdialysis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Intracerebral microdialysis: II. (currentprotocols.com)
Intracerebral microdialysis has been demonstrated to be a useful method for detection of brain ischemia in experimental models and in patients. (unboundmedicine.com)
Bedside intracerebral microdialysis monitoring of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and signs of delayed ischemia revealed dramatic changes in extracellular concentrations of glucose, lactate, and glycerol that could be directly correlated to the clinical status of the patients. (unboundmedicine.com)
discussion 1184-5 JF - Neurosurgery JO - Neurosurgery VL - 45 IS - 5 N2 - OBJECTIVE: Intracerebral microdialysis has been demonstrated to be a useful method for detection of brain ischemia in experimental models and in patients. (unboundmedicine.com)
Insulin, intracerebral glucose and bedside biochemical monitoring utilizing microdialysis. (lu.se)
Intracerebral microdialysis and measurement of brain tissue oxygen tension (Pti o 2 ) are new techniques, which, together with measurement of intracranial pressure, are now becoming routine methods in a neurointensive care setting. (bmj.com)
This is the first study to use intracerebral microdialysis and Pti o 2 measurements in patients with IAHS. (bmj.com)
Ronne-Engström E, Hillered L, Flink R, Spännare B, Ungerstedt U, Carlson H. Intracerebral microdialysis of extracellular amino acids in the human epileptic focus. (springer.com)
Ten patients with traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage underwent combined monitoring of cerebral microdialysis, EEGPAV, and intermittent xenon-computerized tomograhpy to determine if EEGPAV monitoring could determine and monitor cellular distress in the context of oligemia. (ahajournals.org)
In this study, the pharmacokinetics and regional brain distribution of cefadroxil, a β-lactam antibiotic and PEPT2 substrate, were investigated in wildtype and Pept2 null mice using in vivo intracerebral microdialysis. (ovid.com)

A measurement system, consisting of an optochemical glass capillary oxygen sensor, an optoelectronic measuring unit and a microdialysis catheter (CMA 60) for the extraction of the biological fluid from the subcutaneous adipose tissue of critically ill patients is reported. (joanneum.at)
Peritoneal microdialysis was performed by a 1 mm thin catheter anchored in close proximity to the anastomosis. (biomedsearch.com)
BrainECF samples were taken from "injured" and "uninjured" regions as determined by microdialysis catheter location on computed head tomography. (eur.nl)

In vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro antifungal activity of iodiconazole, a new triazole, determined by microdialysis sampling. (nih.gov)
Tsai, T.-H. Pharmacokinetics of Maleic Acid as a Food Adulterant Determined by Microdialysis in Rat Blood and Kidney Cortex. (mdpi.com)

While water-soluble compounds generally diffuse freely across the microdialysis membrane, the situation is not as clear for highly lipophilic analytes, where both successful (e.g. corticosteroids) and unsuccessful microdialysis experiments (e.g. estradiol, fusidic acid) have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
The recovery can be determined at steady-state using the constant rate of analyte exchange across the microdialysis membrane. (wikipedia.org)
To establish ideal distances and stimulation strength, the electric potential around the stim- ulation electrode and microdialysis membrane were modelled using comsol Multiphysics. (diva-portal.org)
From the description of the measurements, it appears that the reported values do not include calculations of relative loss, which indicates the recovery of a compound across the microdialysis membrane. (ahajournals.org)
In vitro microdialysis membrane efficiency of broad-spectrum antibiotics in combination and alone. (springer.com)
Microdialysis is a powerful technique that uses a small tube with a semi-permeable membrane to allow for the collection of tissue interstitial fluid sample. (uncg.edu)
The linear probes consist of a tubing in which the middle part has a window with a membrane, where microdialysis takes place. (microdialysis.com)

Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the temporal and subfrontal cortex at the end of aneurysm surgery. (unboundmedicine.com)
Microdialysis catheters were implanted in the contrast enhancing tumor as well as in the brain adjacent to tumor (BAT). (diva-portal.org)
One of the microdialysis catheters was used to block prostaglandin synthesis by infusion of the NSAID indomethacin. (ku.dk)
In conclusion, the present study shows that infusion of NSAIDs into human muscle via microdialysis catheters results in a graded blockade of prostaglandin synthesis. (ku.dk)
Microdialysis catheters (CMA 60) were inserted subcutaneously in the ischemic leg and in the pectoral region, respectively. (minervamedica.it)
The Eirus Tissue system allows for second-by-second monitoring of interstitial glucose and lactate using microdialysis catheters. (mdialysis.com)

The CMA 402 Syringe Pump is a compact, flexible, dual syringe pump designed for low pulse-free flow rates suitable for microdialysis experiments and other low flow experiments. (ecwid.com)

Microdialysis is a minimally-invasive sampling technique that is used for continuous measurement of free, unbound analyte concentrations in the extracellular fluid of virtually any tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Microstimulation in The Brain : Does Microdialysis Influence the Activated Volume of Tissue? (diva-portal.org)
Starting within 72 hours of the injury, and for up to a week, we monitored the injury site hourly for tissue glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate and glycerol using microdialysis as well as intraspinal pressure and spinal cord perfusion pressure. (wingsforlife.com)
Partial injury to central noradrenergic neurons: Reduction of tissue norepinephrine content is greater than reduction of extracellular norepinephrine measured by microdialysis. (currentprotocols.com)
The effect of hyperglycemia on in vivo adipose tissue metabolism was studied with microdialysis in seven lean patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) receiving a constant infusion of insulin (36 pmol·m −2 · min −1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Microdialysis sampling was used to sample small endogenous metabolites in tissue extracellular fluid. (ku.edu)
We conclude that changes in blood glucose could be monitored in the subcutaneous tissue by the microdialysis technique in a continuous on line manner. (unboundmedicine.com)
We were first to describe in vivo microdialysis in melanoma tissue and showed that dialysis membranes of cuprophane or polyamide are suitable for studies of interstitial 5-S-cysteinyldopa and selected thiols. (diva-portal.org)
Difficulties in intestinal absorption of L-dopa were revealed by microdialysis in blood and subcutaneous tissue. (diva-portal.org)
Microdialysis is thus a safe and easily applied method for in vivo studies of both pigment metabolites from human melanoma tissue transplanted to nude mice and for pharmacokinetic studies of L-dopa. (diva-portal.org)
Microdialysis is a minimally invasive, versatile technique, which can be used to study the penetration of an antiinfective agent in virtually any tissue of interest. (springer.com)
Burkhardt O, Brunner M, Schmidt S, Grant M, Tang Y, Derendorf H. Penetration of ertapenem into skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy volunteers measured by in vivo microdialysis. (springer.com)
Müller M. Monitoring tissue drug levels by clinical microdialysis. (springer.com)
Sampling for measurement of 5-fluorouracil in tumor tissue was performed using microdialysis. (eur.nl)
Microdialysis enables determination of local concentrations of water-soluble substances within the tissue. (ku.dk)
Effect of dexamethasone on gliosis, ischemia, and dopamine extraction during microdialysis sampling in brain tissue. (semanticscholar.org)
Even so, implanting microdialysis probes into brain tissue causes a penetration injury that triggers gliosis (the activation and proliferation of glial cells) and ischemia (the interruption of blood flow). (semanticscholar.org)
This study sought to use a microdialysis technique to relate clinical and biochemical responses to the time course of melphalan concentrations in the subcutaneous interstitial space and in tumour tissue (melanoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Merkel cell tumour and osteosarcoma) in patients undergoing regional chemotherapy by Isolated Limb Infusion (ILI). (edu.au)

In: Poster abstract presented at: 8th International Symposium on Microdialysis. (springer.com)

This study was performed to evaluate quantitatively the brain distribution and the efflux transport across the blood-brain barrier of probenecid, using in vivo microdialysis and in situ brain perfusion techniques. (aspetjournals.org)
Microdialysis offers an alternative by sampling N fluxes with minimal disturbance, and here we compare ex situ soil microdialysis with traditional potassium chloride or water extractions in the context of crop litter decomposition. (proceedings.com.au)

Microdialysis is a minimally invasive technique that is used for the continuous sampling of extracellular fluid. (news-medical.net)
Microdialysis is a minimally-invasive sampling technique that is used for continuous measurement of free, unbound analyte concentrations in extracellular fluid and was initially developed for CNS research. (criver.com)
Microdialysis is a minimally invasive technique often paired with laser Doppler flowmetry to examine cutaneous microvascular function, yet presents with several challenges, including incompatibility with perfusion of highly lipophilic compounds. (uncg.edu)

The recovery of the microdialysis was interindividually different, but after calibration, glucose levels in the dialysate and subcutaneous glucose sensor signal correlated well (r = 0.84-0.95). (unboundmedicine.com)

Ungerstedt U, Rostami E. Microdialysis in neurointensive care. (springer.com)
Microdialysis sampling of the brain is an analytical technique with numerous applications in neuroscience and the neurointensive care of brain-injured human patients. (semanticscholar.org)

The in vivo brain microdialysis assays demonstrated that R-MOD alone produced a slow-onset moderate increase in extracellular DA. (nature.com)

Voltammetric study of extracellular dopamine near microdialysis probes acutely implanted in the striatum of the anesthetized rat. (currentprotocols.com)

Researchers from Kanazawa University report in Journal of Neuroscience performed a microdialysis study on mice to determine mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response in the brain associated with fever that might be used to develop new strategies for treatment. (news-medical.net)

This article will describe the above experimental PD models and demonstrate the utility of microdialysis for their characterization. (eurekaselect.com)

With the development of microdialysis technique and increasing number of applications of microdialysis for human study, this technique seems to play an important role in clinical practice, for example, bedside microdialysis as drug monitoring or diagnostic of disease. (eurekaselect.com)
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Determination of brain interstitial concentrations by microdialysis. (currentprotocols.com)
1741 - 1750 1989 Benveniste H Hansen AJ Ottosen NS: Determination of brain interstitial concentrations by microdialysis. (thejns.org)

Obtaining the microdialysis data directly at the bedside seemed to be of great advantage when relating the values to other clinical findings. (unboundmedicine.com)

In Handbook of Microdialysis: Methods, Applications and Perspectives Vol. 16: Handbook of Behavioral and Neuroscience, (B.H.C. Westerink and T.I.F.H. Cremers, eds. (currentprotocols.com)

We have created an awake animal microdialysis system just for mice. (instechlabs.com)
Online determinations of serotonin in awake rat striatum by microdialysis. (squarespace.com)

We measured zidovudine concentrations in blood, muscle, and brain extracellular fluid (ECF) by microdialysis and in serum ultrafiltrate and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples during a continuous intravenous infusion (15 mg/kg/h) and after bolus dosing (50-80 mg/kg over 15 min) in nonhuman primates to determine whether CSF drug penetration is a valid surrogate for blood-brain barrier penetration. (aspetjournals.org)
Conclusion: Microdialysis was successfully employed in patients with cancer during a continuous 5-day 5-fluorouracil infusion. (eur.nl)
Enhancing Continuous Online Microdialysis Using Dexamethasone: Measurement of Dynamic Neurometabolic Changes during Spreading Depolarization. (semanticscholar.org)
Microdialysis is an excellent sampling technique for continuous monitoring of endogenous and exogenous compounds in the extracellular fluid. (eurekaselect.com)
In contrast, microdialysis provides a non-invasive, continuous method for sampling available nutrients in the soil. (worktribe.com)

The objective of the study is to compare the effects of 48 hours ketamine infusion versus sufentanil infusion on brain glutamate concentrations measured with microdialysis after traumatic brain injury. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Randomization and double-blind to compare the effects of ketamine versus sufentanil on brain glutamate concentrations measured with microdialysis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Microdialysis as a tool for in vivo investigation of glutamate transport capacity in rat brain. (currentprotocols.com)
Elevated basal glutamate and unchanged glutamine and GABA in refractory epilepsy: microdialysis study of 79 patients at the yale epilepsy surgery program: glutamate, glutamine, and GABA in refractory epilepsy. (springer.com)

Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular vein and brain striatum for blood and brain sampling, respectively. (nih.gov)

In vitro microdialysis recovery studies were conducted on a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin, in a simulated in vivo model. (diva-portal.org)
Mukker JK, Singh RP, Derendorf H. Determination of atypical nonlinear plasma-protein-binding behavior of tigecycline using an in vitro microdialysis technique. (springer.com)

In this study, we performed surgery of unilateral single semicircular canal occlusion (USSCO) on guinea pigs, and investigated the change of 5-HT by in vivo microdialysis of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). (rsc.org)
We investigated the effects of pre-hatch T treatment (in ovo injection of 75ng T on day E0, as a model for increased maternal T, vs. control, i.e. solvent only) on baseline and restraint-stress induced 5-HT release in the amygdala by in vivo microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography. (wur.nl)

Schmidt S, Banks R, Kumar V, Rand KH, Derendorf H. Clinical microdialysis in skin and soft tissues: an update. (springer.com)

Cerebral microdialysis in acutely brain-injured patients with spreading depolarizations. (biomedsearch.com)
Multimodal cerebral monitoring was utilized to examine the relationship between pathological changes in microdialysis parameters and the occurrence of spreading depolarizations (SD) in brain-injured patients. (biomedsearch.com)
In particular, microdialysis allows the analysis of extracellular neurotransmitters and metabolites, and jugular venous oximetry and near-infrared spectroscopy are beginning to provide valuable information on cerebral oxygen metabolism. (foyles.co.uk)
ISCUS flex is the third generation Microdialysis Analyzer for point-of-care cerebral monitoring. (mdialysis.com)

Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. (diva-portal.org)
Microdialysis (MD) technique allows continues sampling of endogenous substances in the interstitial fluids of the tissues. (omicsonline.org)
A microdialysis glucose sensor system based on coimmobilizing technique has been developed,and factors crucial to the system's response characteristics are evaluated in ex vivo experiments, namely, the immobilizing technique and the flow rate. (cnki.com.cn)
In summary, the first detailed examination using a quantitative microdialysis technique to understand the brain disposition of atomoxetine was conducted. (aspetjournals.org)
The 'bio-sampling' technique called microdialysis was originally developed by Ungerstedt and colleagues. (nii.ac.jp)
The aim of this study was to investigate if infusion of the prostacyclin analogue, iloprost (PGI2) improves the local metabolism measured by microdialysis technique. (minervamedica.it)
It is concluded that microdialysis is a technique well suited for measuring concentrations of cytotoxic drug during ILI. (edu.au)

Persistently low extracellular glucose correlates with poor outcome 6 months after human traumatic brain injury despite a lack of increased lactate: a microdialysis study. (springer.com)
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Combining Brain Microdialysis and Translational Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Drug Concentrations in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The Next Step Toward Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy? (eur.nl)

Simultaneous determination of cefazolin in rat blood and brain by microdialysis and microbore liquid chromatography. (nih.gov)
A selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of S-(N, N-diethylcarbamoyl) glutathione (carbamathione) in microdialysis samples from rat brain and plasma. (ku.edu)
An analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) was developed to determine carbamathione in vivo using microdialysis sampling from rat brain and plasma. (ku.edu)

Syringe Needles are pretreated to reduce degradation of labile molecules, such as catecholamines and their metabolites during a microdialysis experiment. (harvardapparatus.co.uk)

CMA Microdialysis is a subsidiary of Harvard Apparatus and we therefore also distribute the full product line from Harvard and its subsidiaries into Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland. (microdialysis.se)

Effect of Iloprost infusion on metabolism in critical limb ischemia, utilizing microdialysis. (minervamedica.it)
The nutritive fraction of total blood flow was determined under basal conditions and in response to contraction (electrical field stimulation), insulin (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp with 10mUmin−1 kg−1 insulin) or saline control from limb blood flow and the microdialysis O/I ratio of L-[14C]glucose. (edu.au)
Microdialysis and response during regional chemotherapy by isolated limb infusion of melphalan for limb malignancies. (edu.au)
19 patients undergoing ILI for treatment of various limb malignancies were monitored for intra-operative melphalan concentrations in plasma and, using microdialysis, in subcutaneous and tumour tissues. (edu.au)

Microdialysis probes were inserted in the vastus lateralis and blood samples were collected via venipuncture. (uncg.edu)

Steady‐state theory for quantitative microdialysis of solutes and water in vivo and in vitro. (currentprotocols.com)
Principles of quantitative microdialysis. (currentprotocols.com)

Microdialysis samples are referred to as microdialysate or just dialysate. (amuzainc.com)

We used microdialysis to deliver artificial extracellular fluid or l -lactate into the VMH and sample for GABA. (diabetesjournals.org)

Amuza (formerly Eicom USA) has decades of experience in microdialysis and HPLC-ECD, and we are always ready to help. (amuzainc.com)

A study was designed to combine conventional microdialysis with MetaQuant, plasma, and CSF sampling to monitor a range of neurotransmitters, potential biomarkers, and free-drug concentrations in different compartments simultaneously. (criver.com)

By visualizing the microdialysis data, Kohonen maps allow us to see these metabolic responses, and may thus aid us in treating patients with acute spinal cord injuries. (wingsforlife.com)
These findings emphasize the potential of microdialysis in neurosurgical intensive care patients. (unboundmedicine.com)
Average microdialysis time in the remaining 45 patients was 177.6 (80-252) hours. (biomedsearch.com)
Patients undergoing oesophageal or cardia resection for cancer are monitored by mediastinal microdialysis during the postoperative period. (knowcancer.com)
We employed stereotactic microdialysis to sample extracellular fluid intracranially from glioblastoma patients, before and during the first five days of conventional radiotherapy treatment. (diva-portal.org)

Isotonic sterile perfusion fluids specially developed for microdialysis use. (microdialysis.com)
CMA Perfusion Fluids are isotonic sterile perfusion fluids specially developed for microdialysis use. (microdialysis.com)

The method of microdialysis enables endogenous substances to be extracted from the extracellular fluid, and thus allows in vivo studies of biochemical events in the region of interest. (bmj.com)

Multiple microdialysis probes were simultaneously inserted into the jugular vein and the kidney cortex for sampling after maleic acid administration (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.v., respectively). (mdpi.com)

Herein we used animal models of self-administration and in vivo microdialysis to study the pharmacological actions of R-modafinil (R-MOD) and S-modafinil (S-MOD) on nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behavior, and mechanisms underlying such actions. (nature.com)

The microdialysis principle was first employed in the early 1960s, when push-pull canulas [2] and dialysis sacs [3] were implanted into animal tissues, especially into rodent brains, to directly study the tissues' biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)

Modulation of extracellular gamma‐aminobutyric acid in the ventral pallidum using in vivo microdialysis. (currentprotocols.com)

In the present study, the microdialysis method was used to infuse NSAIDs locally into human skeletal muscles producing a local block of prostaglandin formation. (ku.dk)

Hippocampal microdialysis during spontaneous intraoperative epileptiform activity. (springer.com)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intraoperative microdialysis during surgical procedures for central nervous system malignancies. (mayo.edu)

Designed to connect microdialysis probes to swivels, pumps and fraction collectors, this custom-extruded FEP tubing has the same ID and OD as our 22ga quartz-lined microdialysis swivels (0.006 x 0.028 in [0.15 x 0.71 mm] ± 0.001 in). (instechlabs.com)
This novel method using microdialysis and the O/I ratio of L-[14C]glucose allows the determination of the nutritive fraction of total flow in muscle as well as the proportion of total flow that may be redistributed in response to contraction and insulin. (edu.au)
Now through October 31 we are offering a 25% discount on the FC-90 microdialysis fraction collector. (amuzainc.com)
CMA Microdialysis is a market leader for the development and distribution of full solutions for microdialysis research, including probes, pumps, fraction collectors and related accessories. (microdialysis.com)

The proper selection of an appropriate calibration method is critically important for the success of a microdialysis experiment. (wikipedia.org)
Apart from conventional microdialysis that sample small molecular weight analytes, Charles River offers a push-pull method to sample high molecular weight analytes (peptides, proteins, tau, and interleukins). (criver.com)
The MetaQuant method is a proprietary microdialysis method that uses customizable probes developed by Brainlink. (criver.com)
Open Flow Microperfusion: An Alternative Method to Microdialysis? (joanneum.at)
A new calibration method called kinetic microdialysis was developed for in vivo sampling. (uwaterloo.ca)
Microdialysis is a convenient and elegant method to study extracellular biochemistry over time. (jcircadianrhythms.com)
Conversely, microdialysis represents a sensitive method for estimating the fine-scale N fluxes that are relevant to plants and insight into the factors regulating N cycling. (proceedings.com.au)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes10

Health Care2

Novel insights into human endometrial paracrinology and embryo-maternal communication by intrauterine microdialysis. (1/2093)

N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (2/2093)

Determination of free interstitial concentrations of piperacillin-tazobactam combinations by microdialysis. (3/2093)

Effects of mCPP on the extracellular concentrations of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain. (4/2093)

Estimation of rat muscle blood flow by microdialysis probes perfused with ethanol, [14C]ethanol, and 3H2O. (5/2093)

Metabolism and inflammatory mediators in the peritendinous space measured by microdialysis during intermittent isometric exercise in humans. (6/2093)

Evaluation of the microdialysis technique in the dog fat pad. (7/2093)

Interstitial Ca2+ undergoes dynamic changes sufficient to stimulate nerve-dependent Ca2+-induced relaxation. (8/2093)

Microdialysis

Extracellular Fluid

Extracellular Space

Dopamine

Dialysis

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Glutamic Acid

Nucleus Accumbens

Corpus Striatum

Lactic Acid

Homovanillic Acid

Serotonin

Glycerol

Pyruvic Acid

Rats, Hairless

Rats, Wistar

Subcutaneous Tissue

Excitatory Amino Acids

Brain Chemistry

Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Brain

Skin

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin

Norepinephrine

Prefrontal Cortex

Neostriatum

Amphetamine

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Stereotaxic Techniques

Time Factors

Biogenic Monoamines

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Area Under Curve

Monitoring, Physiologic

Cocaine

Acetylcholine

Behavior, Animal

Raphe Nuclei

Wakefulness

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors

Regional Blood Flow

Laser-Doppler Flowmetry

Lipolysis

Serotonin Antagonists

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Intracranial Pressure

Hippocampus

Brain Injuries

Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Electrophoresis, Microchip

Glucose

Muscle, Skeletal

Dopamine Antagonists

Neurotransmitter Agents

Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1

Nomifensine

Motor Activity

Analysis of Variance

Novel insights into human endometrial paracrinology and embryo-maternal communication by intrauterine microdialysis. (1/2093)

N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (2/2093)

Determination of free interstitial concentrations of piperacillin-tazobactam combinations by microdialysis. (3/2093)

Effects of mCPP on the extracellular concentrations of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain. (4/2093)

Estimation of rat muscle blood flow by microdialysis probes perfused with ethanol, [14C]ethanol, and 3H2O. (5/2093)

Metabolism and inflammatory mediators in the peritendinous space measured by microdialysis during intermittent isometric exercise in humans. (6/2093)

Evaluation of the microdialysis technique in the dog fat pad. (7/2093)

Interstitial Ca2+ undergoes dynamic changes sufficient to stimulate nerve-dependent Ca2+-induced relaxation. (8/2093)

Metabolic monitoring in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using intravascular microdialysis

Microdialysis - Wikipedia

Release and metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cat spinal cord examined with microdialysis<...

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Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus and Co by Jonathan Romanyshyn

Abstract 4336: Interrogating the Human Myocardial Interstitium during Myocardial Arrest and Reperfusion: Dynamic Changes in...

Plus it

Development of microdialysis methodology for interstitial insulin measurement in rodents. | LJMU Research Online

DiVA - Søkeresultat

Industry forum: Progress in pursuit of therapeutic A2A antagonists | Neurology

Microstimulation in The Brain : Does Microdialysis Influence the Activated Volume of Tissue?