Microdialysis
Extracellular Fluid
Extracellular Space
Dopamine
Dialysis
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Glutamic Acid
Nucleus Accumbens
Corpus Striatum
Lactic Acid
Serotonin
Glycerol
Pyruvic Acid
Rats, Hairless
Rats, Wistar
Subcutaneous Tissue
Excitatory Amino Acids
Brain Chemistry
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Brain
Skin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
Norepinephrine
Prefrontal Cortex
Neostriatum
Amphetamine
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
Stereotaxic Techniques
Biogenic Monoamines
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Area Under Curve
Monitoring, Physiologic
Cocaine
Acetylcholine
Raphe Nuclei
Wakefulness
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
Lipolysis
Serotonin Antagonists
Intracranial Pressure
Hippocampus
Brain Injuries
Serotonin Receptor Agonists
Electrophoresis, Microchip
Glucose
Muscle, Skeletal
Dopamine Antagonists
Neurotransmitter Agents
Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1
Nomifensine
Novel insights into human endometrial paracrinology and embryo-maternal communication by intrauterine microdialysis. (1/2093)
The regulation of human implantation is still unknown. Evidence from mice suggests an essential role for several paracrine mediators but species differences with implantation in the human preclude the extrapolation of these concepts to humans. An intrauterine microdialysis device (IUMD), consisting of microdialysis tubing glued into a balloon catheter on one side and into a polypropylene tube on the other, allows a dynamic and accurate in-vivo measurement of uterine paracrine interactions in humans. Inserted into the uterine cavity in the form of a loop, it can be continuously perfused with saline to reveal a number of relevant cytokines and growth factors in uterine effluents of non-pregnant women in both follicular and luteal phases. These included interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), prolactin, and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The source of intrauterine HCG is unclear since endometrial mRNA for the HCG beta-subunit is not revealed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Applying urinary HCG locally via the IUMD profoundly alters endometrial secretory parameters. Prolactin, IGFBP-1, and M-CSF are significantly inhibited and VEGF is regulated in a biphasic manner involving early stimulation followed by inhibition of intrauterine levels. Use of the IUMD has thus shown that the urinary HCG preparations routinely used for ovulation induction and luteal support may directly alter endometrial function. (+info)N-Acetylaspartate distribution in rat brain striatum during acute brain ischemia. (2/2093)
Brain N-acetylaspartate (NAA) can be quantified by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and is used in clinical settings as a marker of neuronal density. It is, however, uncertain whether the change in brain NAA content in acute stroke is reliably measured by 1H-MRS and how NAA is distributed within the ischemic area. Rats were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Preischemic values of [NAA] in striatum were 11 mmol/L by 1H-MRS and 8 mmol/kg by HPLC. The methods showed a comparable reduction during the 8 hours of ischemia. The interstitial level of [NAA] ([NAA]e) was determined by microdialysis using [3H]NAA to assess in vivo recovery. After induction of ischemia, [NAA]e increased linearly from 70 micromol/L to a peak level of 2 mmol/L after 2 to 3 hours before declining to 0.7 mmol/L at 7 hours. For comparison, [NAA]e was measured in striatum during global ischemia, revealing that [NAA]e increased linearly to 4 mmol/L after 3 hours and this level was maintained for the next 4 h. From the change in in vivo recovery of the interstitial space volume marker [14C]mannitol, the relative amount of NAA distributed in the interstitial space was calculated to be 0.2% of the total brain NAA during normal conditions and only 2 to 6% during ischemia. It was concluded that the majority of brain NAA is intracellularly located during ischemia despite large increases of interstitial [NAA]. Thus, MR quantification of NAA during acute ischemia reflects primarily changes in intracellular levels of NAA. (+info)Determination of free interstitial concentrations of piperacillin-tazobactam combinations by microdialysis. (3/2093)
The investigation of tissue penetration and distribution of antibiotics is of great importance, since infections occur mostly in the tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam, alone and in combination, by measuring total plasma and free interstitial concentrations, and to examine the relationship between free levels of both drugs in blood and those in the extracellular space. Piperacillin and tazobactam were administered, alone and in combination, to anaesthetized rats as a single iv bolus dose. Total plasma concentrations and free extracellular concentrations were quantified by HPLC. In-vivo microdialysis sampling was used to study the free tissue distribution patterns of both drugs. The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in plasma were consistent with a two-compartment body model. Piperacillin pharmacokinetics were not influenced by co-administration of tazobactam. Tazobactam's volumes of distribution and clearance were decreased by the co-administration of piperacillin and the area under the curve was significantly increased. Comparisons between calculated free concentrations in the peripheral compartment for both drugs and measured free extracellular concentrations revealed excellent agreement. For piperacillin and tazobactam, alone and in combination, predictions of the concentration-time profiles of free drug in the peripheral compartment can be made on the basis of plasma data. (+info)Effects of mCPP on the extracellular concentrations of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain. (4/2093)
Intravenous administration of m-chloro-phenylpiperazine (mCPP) (0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg) induced a marked and dose-related increase in extracellular concentrations of serotonin in hippocampus (300-1,400% of baseline) as measured using in vivo microdialysis in awake male Wistar rats of the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) strain. Indicating that the effect of mCPP was caused by a reversal of the serotonin transporter, it was antagonized by pretreatment with the serotonin re-uptake inhibitor citalopram (10 mg/kg) but was unaffected by local administration of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 microns). mCPP was also shown to induce an increase in extracellular concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum of SH rats and in the nucleus accumbens of rats of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain; this effect of mCPP was, however, much weaker (125-170% of baseline) than the effect on serotonin; moreover, it seems to be TTX-sensitive. In anesthetized SD rats, mCPP induced a moderate reduction of nigral dopamine cell firing rate; supporting the assumption that this effect is secondary to the observed increase in dopamine release, it was blocked by pretreatment either with the dopamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine or with the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol. In conclusion, the results suggest that mCPP induces a marked, TTX-insensitive increase in serotonin release in rat brain, but only a modest and TTX-sensitive increase in the extracellular levels of dopamine. (+info)Estimation of rat muscle blood flow by microdialysis probes perfused with ethanol, [14C]ethanol, and 3H2O. (5/2093)
We used the perfused rat hindquarter to evaluate whether the microdialysis ethanol technique can be used to qualitatively estimate nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow. Four microdialysis probes were inserted in different hindlimb muscles in each of 16 rats. Hindquarters were perfused at blood flow rates ranging from 0 to 21 ml. 100 g-1. min-1. The microdialysis probes were perfused at 2 microliter/min with perfusate containing ethanol, [14C]ethanol, and 3H2O. Within and between experiments outflow-to-inflow ratios (o/i) generally varied inversely with blood flow. When a low flow or no flow was maintained in hindquarters, o/i ratios first increased with time (for at least 60 min) and then leveled off. The long time constant impaired detection of rapid oscillations in blood flow, especially at low blood flow rates. Contractions per se apparently decreased o/i ratios independent of blood flow. Ethanol and [14C]ethanol o/i ratios did not differ. 3H2O o/i paralleled ethanol and [14C]ethanol o/i ratios but it was significantly lower. In conclusion, differences in skeletal muscle blood flow can be detected by the microdialysis technique. However, the slow changes in o/i, in particular at low blood flow rates, limit the usefulness of the technique for measuring dynamic changes in blood flow; caution must also be exerted during muscle contractions. 3H2O and [14C]ethanol are good alternatives to ethanol in the determination of blood flow by microdialysis. (+info)Metabolism and inflammatory mediators in the peritendinous space measured by microdialysis during intermittent isometric exercise in humans. (6/2093)
1. The metabolic processes that occur around the tendon during mechanical loading and exercise are undescribed in man. These processes are important for understanding the development of overuse inflammation and injury. 2. A microdialysis technique was used to determine interstitial concentrations of glycerol, glucose, lactate, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) as well as to calculate tissue substrate balance in the peritendinous region of the human Achilles tendon. Recovery of 48-62 % (range) at rest and 70-77 % during exercise were obtained for glycerol, glucose and PGE2. 3. Six young healthy humans were studied at rest, during 30 min of intermittent static plantar flexion of the ankle at a workload corresponding to individual body weight, and during 60 min of recovery. Microdialysis was performed in both legs with simultaneous determination of blood flow by 133Xe washout in the same area, and blood sampling from the radial artery. 4. With exercise, the net release of lactate as well as of glycerol from the peritendinous space of the Achilles tendon increased 2-fold (P < 0.05). Furthermore a 100 % increase in interstitial concentration of PGE2 and TXB2 was found, but it was only significant for TXB2(P < 0.05). As peritendinous blood flow increased 2- to 3-fold during intermittent static contractions, this indicates also that the output of these substances from the tissue increased during exercise. 5. This study indicates that both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as inflammatory activity is accelerated in the peritendinous region of the human Achilles tendon with dynamic loading. (+info)Evaluation of the microdialysis technique in the dog fat pad. (7/2093)
In the present study the microdialysis technique was evaluated in an isolated autoperfused dog fat pad. Concentrations of glucose, lactate, and glycerol were measured in interstitial fluid by microdialysis and simultaneously in arterial and adipose venous plasma. Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by both 133Xe washout and timed weighing of venous blood. Metabolite concentrations in adipose venous plasma calculated from interstitial and arterial metabolite concentrations and 133Xe washout were positively correlated with measured venous concentrations (glucose: r = 0.95, lactate: r = 0.92, glycerol: r = 0.81). Calculated and measured venous plasma concentrations did not differ for either glucose or lactate, but for glycerol, calculated concentration was on average 76% of measured concentration. Metabolite exchanges (Fick's principle) calculated from interstitial metabolite concentrations were positively correlated with measured exchanges only for lactate (r = 0.69). In conclusion, metabolite concentrations in adipose venous plasma can be calculated from microdialysis measurements with greater accuracy for glucose and lactate than for glycerol. The precision, however, is too low to allow calculation of metabolite exchange when arteriovenous metabolite differences are low. (+info)Interstitial Ca2+ undergoes dynamic changes sufficient to stimulate nerve-dependent Ca2+-induced relaxation. (8/2093)
We recently described a perivascular sensory nerve-linked dilator system that can be activated by interstitial Ca2+ (Ca2+isf). The present study tested the hypothesis that Ca2+isf in the rat duodenal submucosa varies through a range that is sufficient to activate this pathway. An in situ microdialysis method was used to estimate Ca2+isf. When the duodenal lumen was perfused with Ca2+-free buffer, Ca2+isf was 1.0 +/- 0.13 mmol/l. Ca2+isf increased to 1.52 +/- 0.04, 1.78 +/- 0.10, and 1.89 +/- 0.1 when the lumen was perfused with buffer containing 3, 6, and 10 mmol/l Ca2+, respectively (P < 0.05). Ca2+isf was 1.1 +/- 0.06 mmol/l in fasted animals and increased to 1. 4 +/- 0.06 mmol/l in free-feeding rats (P < 0.05). Wire myography was used to study isometric tension responses of isolated mesenteric resistance arteries. Cumulative addition of extracellular Ca2+-relaxed serotonin- and methoxamine-precontracted arteries with half-maximal effective doses of 1.54 +/- 0.05 and 1.67 +/- 0.08 mmol/l, respectively (n = 5). These data show that duodenal Ca2+isf undergoes dynamic changes over a range that activates the sensory nerve-linked dilator system and indicate that this system can link changes in local Ca2+ transport with alterations in regional resistance and organ blood flow. (+info)There are several different types of brain injuries that can occur, including:
1. Concussions: A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury that occurs when the brain is jolted or shaken, often due to a blow to the head.
2. Contusions: A contusion is a bruise on the brain that can occur when the brain is struck by an object, such as during a car accident.
3. Coup-contrecoup injuries: This type of injury occurs when the brain is injured as a result of the force of the body striking another object, such as during a fall.
4. Penetrating injuries: A penetrating injury occurs when an object pierces the brain, such as during a gunshot wound or stab injury.
5. Blast injuries: This type of injury occurs when the brain is exposed to a sudden and explosive force, such as during a bombing.
The symptoms of brain injuries can vary depending on the severity of the injury and the location of the damage in the brain. Some common symptoms include:
* Headaches
* Dizziness or loss of balance
* Confusion or disorientation
* Memory loss or difficulty with concentration
* Slurred speech or difficulty with communication
* Vision problems, such as blurred vision or double vision
* Sleep disturbances
* Mood changes, such as irritability or depression
* Personality changes
* Difficulty with coordination and balance
In some cases, brain injuries can be treated with medication, physical therapy, and other forms of rehabilitation. However, in more severe cases, the damage may be permanent and long-lasting. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
Microdialysis
Bromantane
UH-232
Stereotactic surgery
Fluorescent glucose biosensor
Probe tip
Robert Kennedy (chemist)
5-HT1A receptor
Dialysis (chemistry)
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
Esterom
Open flow microperfusion
ST-1936
White adipose tissue
Adenosine
Fast atom bombardment
Substance P
Medial forebrain bundle
Phenserine
Blood glucose monitoring
Itch
Molecular weight cut-off
Functional Ensemble of Temperament
4-Methylamphetamine
Bita Moghaddam
Catheter
Lipolysis
Syringe driver
Median raphe nucleus
Alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
FEP Microdialysis Tubing
Biomarkers in blood and microdialysis tests - Högskolan i Gävle
Effects of β-Phenylethylamine on Dopaminergic Neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area in the Rat: A Combined Electrophysiological...
Microdialysis - IMEDEX Technology Scout
Frontiers | Recurrent Hypoglycemia Increases Anxiety and Amygdala Norepinephrine Release During Subsequent Hypoglycemia
Nicotine withdrawal in the rat: role of alpha7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area
A randomised, placebo controlled trial of low level laser therapy for activated Achilles tendinitis with microdialysis...
Physiology, Neurotransmitters - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Blood Glucose Monitors: Practice Essentials, Products, Design Features
Sodium Pumps Mediate Activity-Dependent Changes in Mammalian Motor Networks | Journal of Neuroscience
Micromachines | Free Full-Text | Neural Probes for Chronic Applications
Hypothermia in Acute Liver Failure | IntechOpen
City of Hope Seeks to Advance Glioblastoma Treatment Through Prestigious Grant and Innovative Clinical Trials
WikiGenes
Publications - Universität Ulm
William M. Reichert | Scholars@Duke
Modulation of memory - Scholarpedia
Exam Questions & Strategies | Abcp
Investigating Functional Regeneration in Organotypic Spinal Cord Co-cultures Grown on Multi-electrode Arrays | Protocol
GtR
Increased levels of intramuscular cytokines in patients with jaw muscle pain | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text
Publications 2011 - Umeå Plant Science Centre
Equine Therapeutic Farriery | Dr. Stephen O'Grady, veterinarians, farriers, books, articles
Abstract: Vol.22, Num.8, p.1135 - Analytical Sciences
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 1179 : Intravenous administration of ecstasy (3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine) enhances cortical...
Publications - School of Biochemistry and Immunology - Trinity College Dublin
Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Lipid-Rich Fingerprint of Free Thyroxine Far Beyond Classic Parameters, Journal of...
Vivo4
- We tested the impact of RH on amygdala function using an elevated plus-maze test of anxiety together with in vivo amygdala microdialysis for norepinephrine (NEp), a widely used marker of basolateral amygdala cognitive processes. (frontiersin.org)
- Measuring the levels of free glucocorticoid hormone directly in the brain of rats, i.e. free corticosterone - with a technique called in vivo microdialysis- we found that the pulsatile rhythm of blood corticosterone is maintained in the brain. (ukri.org)
- The effect of intravenous administration of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in a range of doses (0.32-3.2 mg/kg) that have been shown to maintain self-administration behaviour in rats, on in vivo acetylcholine release from rat prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum was studied by means of microdialysis with vertical concentric probes. (erowid.org)
- Técnica para la medición de concentraciones extracelulares de sustancias en los tejidos, usualmente in vivo, mediante una pequeña sonda equipada con una membrana semipermeable. (bvsalud.org)
Concentrations1
- Bank JHH, Cubuk C, Wilson D, Rijntjes E, Kemmlng J, Markowsky H, Barret P, Herwig A. (2017) Gene expression analysis during daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus ) and hypothalamic T3 microdialysis suggest low central T3 concentrations as requirement for torpor expression. (uni-ulm.de)
Lactate1
- For example, observing changes in lactate in microdialysis studies from CBF have proven it to be the substance with the most consistent results. (hig.se)
Probes1
- Using microdialysis probes inserted directly into the lamellar milieu our recent studies show increased lamellar perfusion (hyperaemia) during the development phase. (equipodiatry.com)
Catheter1
- The microdialysis system consists of a microdialysis analyzer with a pump and a two-way catheter implanted into the target tissue. (imedex.cz)
Technique1
- In order to investigate what happens in a muscle when pain is perceived and during strain, we use the microdialysis technique. (hig.se)
System1
- A flow-injection dual biosensor system with microdialysis sampling is proposed for the simultaneous determination of D -lactic and L -lactic acids. (or.jp)
Sample2
- Intramuscular microdialysis was performed to sample masseter muscle cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
- The dialysate from the microdialysis tube is delivered to a sample loop of the six-way autoinjector and then automatically injected into the flow-injection line with a dual enzyme electrode arranged in perpendicular to the flow direction. (or.jp)
Blood1
- In this project, we analyse both blood tests and microdialysis tests for a great number of substances produced in the muscle. (hig.se)
Administration1
- Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during self administration as studied by microdialysis. (bvsalud.org)
Levels1
- By performing dual microdialysis we will be able to monitor free corticosterone levels and stress responses in the brain and circulation simultaneously. (ukri.org)
Ischemia4
- July 22, 2005 (Los Angeles) -- Intrahepatic microdialysis detects early posttransplant complications such as liver ischemia, graft rejection, or cholangitis, according to a presentation given here by Greg Nowak, MD, PhD, at the 11th Annual Congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society. (medscape.com)
- The aim of the study was to evaluate intrahepatic microdialysis as a method for early detection of postoperative complications such as liver ischemia, rejection, or cholangitis in patients who had received liver transplants. (medscape.com)
- Based on microdialysis data, systemic hyperglycemic episodes result in potentially harmful ischemia-like changes in the liver graft. (medscape.com)
- After microdialysis probe delivery of 4-HBA, (*)OH production was significantly increased in the striatal core during both ischemia and reperfusion. (cdc.gov)
Striatal1
- Microdialysis probes were placed in striatal tissue of rats subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. (cdc.gov)
Probe1
- In this chapter, we describe the entire process of pineal microdialysis that includes probe manufacturing, surgical procedure for its implantation, and the sample collection process. (nih.gov)
Tissue1
- Intrahepatic microdialysis directly monitors metabolic changes in liver tissue, sending data about changes in levels of glucose, glycerol (a marker of cell membrane damage), lactate, and pyruvate to a computer at the patient's bedside. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
- As an NIGMS PRAT Fellow, he studied microdialysis in animals, then completed Nuclear Medicine training in the NIH Clinical Center. (nih.gov)
Study2
- CMA Microdialysis, the maker of the microdialysis device, Stockholm, Sweden, provided the devices for the pilot study at no cost. (medscape.com)
- The purpose of this funding opportunity is to support the research and development necessary to advance microdialysis or open flow microperfusion methods, study designs, and analyses to directly measure the rate and extent to which a topically applied compound becomes available in the dermis, at or near a site of action within the skin. (nih.gov)
Method1
- Specifically, using a microdialysis method, we examined the effects of BPA (0.1, 1, and 10nM) directly infused to the stalk-median eminence on the release of GnRH and kisspeptin (KP) in mid to late pubertal ovarian intact female rhesus monkeys. (nih.gov)
Research2
- Application of long-term microdialysis in circadian rhythm research. (nih.gov)
- To gain a better understanding of amyloid-beta in the brain, a research team led by Dr. David M. Holtzman of the Washington University in St. Louis used a technique called microdialysis to monitor levels in living mouse brains. (nih.gov)