OrganismsPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Microbial InteractionsEcosystemBiofilmsBacteria
Microbial Interactions
The inter- and intra-relationships between various microorganisms. This can include both positive (like SYMBIOSIS) and negative (like ANTIBIOSIS) interactions. Examples include virus - bacteria and bacteria - bacteria.
Ecosystem
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Biofilms
Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Estimation of salivary bacteria capable of inhibiting and stimulating Streptococcus mutans and its correlation to dental caries and untreated carious teeth. (1/298)

Bacteriocins are bacteriocidal proteinaceous molecules produced by the Gram-positive bacteria not active against the produced strain. Many investigations have revealed that certain bacteria using antibacterial or the inhibitory substance inhibit some other bacteria. A study was conducted in a group of 60 children to ascertain whether any correlation exists between the proportion of salivary bacteria inhibiting and stimulating Streptococcus mutans and the oral health indices (DMFT, deft and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). A definite inverse correlation was observed between the percentage of salivary inhibiting S. mutans and untreated carious teeth (UCT).  (+info)

Niche occupation limits adaptive radiation in experimental microcosms. (2/298)

Adaptive radiations have played a key role in the evolution of biological diversity. The breadth of adaptive radiation in an invading lineage is likely to be influenced by the availability of ecological niches, which will be determined to some extent by the diversity of the resident community. High resident diversity may result in existing ecological niches being filled, inhibiting subsequent adaptive radiation. Conversely, high resident diversity could result in the creation of novel ecological niches or an increase in within niche competition driving niche partitioning, thus promoting subsequent diversification. We tested the role of resident diversity on adaptive radiations in experimental populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens that readily diversify into a range of niche specialists when grown in a heterogeneous environment. We allowed an undiversified strain to invade resident communities that varied in the number of niche specialists. The breadth of adaptive radiation attainable by an invading lineage decreased with increasing niche occupation of the resident community. Our results highlight the importance of niche occupation as a constraint on adaptive radiation.  (+info)

Exploitation of other social amoebae by Dictyostelium caveatum. (3/298)

Dictyostelium amoebae faced with starvation trigger a developmental program during which many cells aggregate and form fruiting bodies that consist of a ball of spores held aloft by a thin stalk. This developmental strategy is open to several forms of exploitation, including the remarkable case of Dictyostelium caveatum, which, even when it constitutes 1/10(3) of the cells in an aggregate, can inhibit the development of the host and eventually devour it. We show that it accomplishes this feat by inhibiting a region of cells, called the tip, which organizes the development of the aggregate into a fruiting body. We use live-cell microscopy to define the D. caveatum developmental cycle and to show that D. caveatum amoebae have the capacity to ingest amoebae of other Dictyostelid species, but do not attack each other. The block in development induced by D. caveatum does not affect the expression of specific markers of prespore cell or prestalk cell differentiation, but does stop the coordinated cell movement leading to tip formation. The inhibition mechanism involves the constitutive secretion of a small molecule by D. caveatum and is reversible. Four Dictyostelid species were inhibited in their development, while D. caveatum is not inhibited by its own compound(s). D. caveatum has evolved a predation strategy to exploit other members of its genus, including mechanisms of developmental inhibition and specific phagocytosis.  (+info)

sigma(B) and sigma(L) contribute to Listeria monocytogenes 10403S response to the antimicrobial peptides SdpC and nisin. (4/298)

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Quorum sensing and social networking in the microbial world. (5/298)

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Horizontal gene transfer of the secretome drives the evolution of bacterial cooperation and virulence. (6/298)

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Social conflict in centimeter-and global-scale populations of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. (7/298)

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Microbial evolution: enforcing cooperation by partial kin selection. (8/298)

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"Microbial interactions refer to the diverse and complex relationships, including synergistic, antagonistic, and competitive behaviors, that occur among different microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites) influencing their growth, survival, and function in various ecosystems, including the human body."

Microbial interactions refer to the various ways in which different microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, influence each other's growth, survival, and behavior in a shared environment. These interactions can be categorized into several types:

1. Commensalism: One organism benefits from the interaction while the other is neither harmed nor benefited (e.g., certain gut bacteria that feed on host-derived nutrients without affecting the host's health).
2. Mutualism: Both organisms benefit from the interaction (e.g., the partnership between rhizobia bacteria and leguminous plants, where the bacteria fix nitrogen for the plant, and the plant provides carbohydrates for the bacteria).
3. Parasitism: One organism benefits at the expense of the other, causing harm or disease to the host (e.g., the malaria parasite infecting human red blood cells).
4. Competition: Both organisms struggle for limited resources, like nutrients or space, leading to a negative impact on one or both parties (e.g., different bacterial species competing for limited iron sources in the environment).
5. Amensalism: One organism is harmed or inhibited while the other remains unaffected (e.g., antibiotic-producing bacteria inhibiting the growth of nearby susceptible bacteria).
6. Synergism: Multiple organisms work together to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects (e.g., certain bacterial and fungal communities in soil that enhance plant growth and nutrient uptake).
7. Antagonism: One organism inhibits or kills another through various mechanisms, such as the production of antibiotics or enzymes (e.g., some bacteria producing bacteriocins to inhibit the growth of closely related species).

Understanding microbial interactions is crucial for developing strategies in areas like infectious disease control, probiotic applications, and managing microbial communities in various ecosystems, including the human body.

While the term "ecosystem" is more commonly used in the context of environmental and life sciences, in a broad sense it can be defined as a complex network or interconnection of various elements (including both living and non-living components) that function together to maintain a balanced environment within a specific setting or condition, which can include medical and health-related applications such as gut microbiota or hospital infection prevention.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

"Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms, often adhered to an interface or each other, encased in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), exhibiting altered phenotypes with respect to growth rate and gene transcription."

Biofilms are defined as complex communities of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, that adhere to surfaces and are enclosed in a matrix made up of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS matrix is composed of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA, and other molecules that provide structural support and protection to the microorganisms within.

Biofilms can form on both living and non-living surfaces, including medical devices, implants, and biological tissues. They are resistant to antibiotics, disinfectants, and host immune responses, making them difficult to eradicate and a significant cause of persistent infections. Biofilms have been implicated in a wide range of medical conditions, including chronic wounds, urinary tract infections, middle ear infections, and device-related infections.

The formation of biofilms typically involves several stages, including initial attachment, microcolony formation, maturation, and dispersion. Understanding the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and development is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat biofilm-associated infections.

'Bacteria' are single-celled, microscopic organisms belonging to the domain Bacteria, distinguished by their lack of membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are among the earliest known life forms on Earth. They are typically characterized as having a cell wall and no membrane-bound organelles. The majority of bacteria have a prokaryotic organization, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria exist in diverse environments and can be found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, while others can cause disease. Beneficial bacteria play important roles in processes such as digestion, nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycling.

Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission or budding, and some species can also exchange genetic material through conjugation. They have a wide range of metabolic capabilities, with many using organic compounds as their source of energy, while others are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Bacteria are highly adaptable and can evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. This has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some species, which poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding the biology and behavior of bacteria is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections and diseases.

EcologyPhysiologyCommunitiesMicrobiomeMicrobiologyMicroorganismsMicrobesDiversitySoilPathogensEcosystemsPopulationsMicrobiota2020Diverse microbialPathogenesisMicrobiomesEcosystemBiogeochemicalEcological interactionsFungalRegulateGenomicsDysbiosisSpeciesDynamicsMetabolismCompositionBacterialImmunologyMetabolicMechanismsInfectious diseasesFungiBacteriaPrinciplesImmuneImpactsApproachesParticulateHydrothermalOrganicStudyResearchAffectEnvironmentsFunctionalMetabolites
Ecology13
  • Here we discuss working definitions of central ecological terms that have been used in various fashions in microbial ecology, provide a framework by focusing on different types of interactions within communities, review the status of the interface between evolutionary and ecological study, and highlight important similarities and differences between macro- and microbial ecology. (nih.gov)
  • We describe current approaches to study microbial ecology and progress toward predictive modeling. (nih.gov)
  • Numerous studies on plant-, animal- or insect-associated microorganisms have revealed a critical affect on host physiology and performance suggesting that evolution and ecology of plants, animals and insects, or any other organism, can only be understood in the context of its natural interactions with associate organisms, in particular microbes (Kemen et al. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • But it was unclear to them how much of this influence was due to the individual species that were present and how much was due to their overall microbial ecology. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • The study of interactions between microorganisms has led to numerous discoveries, from novel antimicrobials to insights in microbial ecology. (nih.gov)
  • Experience in molecular microbial ecology and in nitrification research would be highly beneficial, and in conducting plant-soil microcosm experiments. (isme-microbes.org)
  • Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sergei Winogradsky was one of the first researchers to attempt to understand microorganisms outside of the medical context-making him among the first students of microbial ecology and environmental microbiology-discovering chemosynthesis, and developing the Winogradsky column in the process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Modern microbial ecology was launched by Robert Hungate and coworkers, who investigated the rumen ecosystem. (wikipedia.org)
  • Progress in microbial ecology has been tied to development of new technologies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understand the concepts of macrosystems ecology and cross-scale interactions, and how different ecological processes can interact at local, regional, and continental scales. (carleton.edu)
  • I study a range of topics in microbial biology, ecology, and evolution. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • The research group Aquatic Ecology studies, among other things, climate change effects on aquatic systems, regime shifts in shallow lakes, dispersal, and migration of aquatic organisms, population genetics, predator-prey interactions, effects of pesticides and endocrine disruptors and sustainable fisheries. (lu.se)
Physiology4
  • In other words, to what extent do individual species influence our health and physiology, and to what degree are these impacts determined by interactions between the species present in our microbiomes? (carnegiescience.edu)
  • The team found that the interactions that take place between the microbial populations are as important to the fly's physiology as which individual species are present. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • The PlanHab wash-out period corresponded to a profound life-style change (i.e., reintroduction of exercise) that resulted in stepwise amelioration of the negative physiological symptoms, indicating that exercise apparently prevented the crosstalk between the microbial physiology, mucin degradation and proinflammatory immune activities in the host. (frontiersin.org)
  • 644 Beijerinck and Windogradsky, however, were focused on the physiology of microorganisms, not the microbial habitat or their ecological interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Communities23
  • Microbial communities comprise an interwoven matrix of biological diversity modified by physical and chemical variation over space and time. (nih.gov)
  • Although these communities are the major drivers of biosphere processes, relatively little is known about their structure and function, and predictive modeling is limited by a dearth of comprehensive ecological principles that describe microbial community processes. (nih.gov)
  • Our main focus is to understand fundamental mechanisms that shape microbial communities from a stochastic input to a well-defined often host associated microbial community. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • Here we analyze how temperature-energy interactions structure sediment microbial communities in two hydrothermally active areas of Guaymas Basin. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that in hydrothermal sediments temperature determines domain-level dominance, whereas temperature-energy interactions structure microbial communities at the phylum-level and below. (nature.com)
  • Basalt-hosted systems support a vast, hot and diverse microbial biosphere, in contrast to serpentinizing systems, which sustain more limited microbial communities primarily dominated by methane-metabolizing archaea. (nature.com)
  • Our results offer insights into how to build or restructure microbial communities of interest. (aps.org)
  • In contrast, the microbial metabolomes, intestinal element and metal profiles, the diversity of bacterial, archaeal and fungal microbial communities were not significantly affected. (frontiersin.org)
  • Biotic interactions in microbial communities as modulators of biogeochemical processes: Methanotrophy as a model system. (knaw.nl)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Biotic interactions in microbial communities as modulators of biogeochemical processes: Methanotrophy as a model system. (knaw.nl)
  • Auxotrophic interactions: A stabilizing attribute of aquatic microbial communities? (github.io)
  • We discuss the proposed ways in which auxotrophy may enhance or undermine the stability of aquatic microbial communities, highlighting areas where our limited understanding of these interactions prevents us from being able to predict the ecological implications of auxotrophy. (github.io)
  • Understanding the formation and functioning of microbial communities is important for all microbiome applications. (nature.com)
  • We developed an approach to identify vitamin exchange in microbial communities and validated this approach by isolating and characterizing a predicted vitamin producer in the lab. (nature.com)
  • Metagenomic data and network analyses are often used to predict microbial interactions in complex communities, but these predictions are rarely explored experimentally. (nature.com)
  • Bacteria seldom live alone, instead, they live within microbial communities where they exchange goods such as amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. (nature.com)
  • Exchanging these metabolites can therefore be highly advantageous and is common across microbial communities. (nature.com)
  • Microbial communities (MCs) in general, are very important for nutrient turnover and soil organic matter formation. (uibk.ac.at)
  • I lead a team that investigates host-associated microbial communities in health and disease. (edu.au)
  • Our team pioneered methods to manipulate these microbial communities to treat diseases and to promote health. (edu.au)
  • In vent ecosystems such as hydrothermal plumes, microorganisms rely on reduced chemicals and gases in hydrothermal fluids to fuel primary production and form diverse and complex microbial communities. (iitm.ac.in)
  • Here, we use microbiomes from the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system in the Pacific Ocean to shed more light on the key species in these communities and their interactions. (iitm.ac.in)
  • Although there are limitations due to the lack of species coverage in DNA sequence databases and to the difficulty to compare morphological and molecular data, this study highlights the relevance of combining molecular with morphological tools to study trophic interactions and microbiome communities of protists at the single-cell scale. (lu.se)
Microbiome13
  • 2015). Host-associated microbial community structures are strongly affected by abiotic factors causing stochasticity, host factors, however, have drawn more and more attentions due to their stability over a range of conditions and their potential to influence the microbiome in a way that might reduce or prevent pathogen attack and manifestation (Kemen 2014, Kroll 2017). (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • The gut microbiome is an ecosystem of hundreds to thousands of microbial species living within the human body. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • The team found that the interactions between species in the gut microbiome impact fly health and even longevity. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • This tradeoff was mediated by microbiome interactions. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • Additionally, the measurement and analysis tools developed for this research project demonstrate that the fruit fly is a good model for understanding more complex microbiome interactions in humans and other animals, which will be important for future work. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • In addition to constant method improvement and development, our research focuses on the effects of chemicals and, in particular, on microbiome-host interactions in health and disease. (ufz.de)
  • The analyses cover a wide range of topics, from the investigation of the host-microbiome interaction to effects of chemicals on organ or cellular level. (ufz.de)
  • Notably, these obscure adverse interactions may be related to host-associated microbiome damage occurring from antimicrobial effects, rather than the presumed toxic effects of pesticides on host tissue. (researchgate.net)
  • and (2) that the development of host-free microbiome model systems could be useful for rapidly screening pesticides against functionally distinct microbial catalogues of interest. (researchgate.net)
  • Both research teams agree that more needs to be known about how various underexplored factors ― such as the patient's diet and genetic background, how closely the donor's microbial composition matches the patient's existing microbiome, and the presence of nonbacterial gut inhabitants like viruses and fungi ― affect FMT success, according to a press release . (medscape.com)
  • Further, little is known about the interaction of pathogens within the microbiome throughout the whole meat production chain. (cdc.gov)
  • Aim To assess current epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence of the current status of knowledge relating to the gut microbiome, and its role in IBD, with emphasis on reviewing the evidence relating to microbial therapeutics and future microbiome modulating therapeutics. (medscape.com)
  • Methods A Medline search including items 'intestinal microbiota/microbiome', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'ulcerative colitis', 'Crohn's disease', 'faecal microbial transplantation', 'dietary manipulation' was performed. (medscape.com)
Microbiology2
  • The Microbial Challenge is relatively compact, compared with the usual microbiology textbook, with expected advantages and unavoidable shortcomings. (cdc.gov)
  • We use a multidisciplinary approach integrating data & computational science, cell biology, molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, glycobiology, immunology, structural biology (cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography), and murine models to decipher the interactions between the host and (drug-resistant) bacterial pathogens. (google.com)
Microorganisms5
  • While location-specific interactions between temperature and energy supply appear to set the absolute limits of life in many places, less is known about how interactions between temperature and energy supply influence the community structure of microorganisms. (nature.com)
  • Microbial pathogenesis is a complicated and intriguing subject that aims to understand how microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, cause diseases in their hosts. (scitechnol.com)
  • We explore how auxotrophy-induced interactions between aquatic microorganisms affect microbial community structure and stability. (github.io)
  • While some studies have documented auxotrophy in aquatic microorganisms, these studies are not widespread, and we therefore do not know the full extent of auxotrophic interactions in aquatic environments. (github.io)
  • Changes in these soil qualities inevitably alter the niches filled by soil microorganisms, resulting in changes in the microbial community's content, composition, and activity. (rroij.com)
Microbes2
  • The interactions that take place between the species of microbes living in the gastrointestinal system often have large and unpredicted effects on health, according to new work from a team led by Carnegie's Will Ludington. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • The first such conference ever held at the Met, the Art, Biology, and Conservation 2002 meeting provided an opportunity for close to 40 scientists and conservators to present their latest research on the interactions of microbes and art, and to offer approaches to counter the effects of biodeterioration. (metmuseum.org)
Diversity2
  • This has provided tremendous insights into the diversity present within microbial habitats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Shifts in bacterial diversity, interactions and microbial elemental cycling genes under cadmium contamination in paddy soil: Implications for altered ecological function. (bvsalud.org)
Soil9
  • A postdoctoral research position in soil microbial interactions is available at École Centrale de Lyon, University of Lyon, France. (isme-microbes.org)
  • FUNCTION, will define the role of AMF in the N-cycle via their interaction with microorganism that contribute both direct and indirectly to N2O production in agroecosystems and their involvement in mediating N2O emissions derived from N fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor inputs in soil. (isme-microbes.org)
  • For many years, soil ecosystem modellers assumed that the amount of soil microbial biomass was the primary driver of decomposition and nutrient cycles, with substrate availability, temperature, and moisture serving as the primary governing variables. (rroij.com)
  • By applying this model to phylogenetic marker sequencing data collected from stable-isotope probing studies, we estimate rates of growth, mortality, and turnover for individual microbial populations within soil assemblages. (osti.gov)
  • Soil microbial respiration, which is the carbon dioxide flux from the soil to the atmosphere, is an important source of uncertainty in projecting future climate and carbon cycle feedbacks," said Zhou. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our study illustrates that warming-induced respiratory adaptation is subject to the adaptive changes in microbial community functional structure, so that the positive feedback of soil microbial respiration in response to climate warming may be less than previously expected. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This study investigated the response of bacterial community and microbial ecological functions to Cd contamination in paddy soil of East China . (bvsalud.org)
  • Acetyl-CoA synthesis, organic N mineralization, N fixation and nitrous reduction genes were especially sensitive to elevated Cd stress, resulting in loss of microbial derived soil C and N pool and increase in N2O emission potential. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study elucidated the ecological risks of altered microbial functions under Cd contamination in paddy soil , as well as the significance of Cd resistant bacteria to microbial community and ecological functionality. (bvsalud.org)
Pathogens3
  • Inflammation as measured by cytokine-microbial correlations showed that periodontal pathogens dominating the environment increased proinflammatory cytokines systemically. (jcvi.org)
  • The interactions between these pathogens and the host's immune system can determine the outcome of an infection, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illnesses and even death. (scitechnol.com)
  • Successful pathogens can exploit vulnerabilities in the host's defense mechanisms, making the study of host-microbe interactions a complex and dynamic field. (scitechnol.com)
Ecosystems4
  • Metabolic interactions between cells affect microbial community compositions and hence their function in ecosystems. (tudelft.nl)
  • However, interaction distances are typically quantified in two-dimensional systems or without accounting for competition or other metabolite-removal, conditions which may not very often match natural ecosystems. (tudelft.nl)
  • Because it can be applied to environmental samples, the approach we present is broadly applicable to measuring population growth, mortality, and associated biogeochemical process rates of microbial taxa for a wide range of ecosystems and can help reveal how individual microbial populations drive biogeochemical fluxes. (osti.gov)
  • In mudflats, interactions and transfers of nutrients and secondary metabolites may drive ecosystems and biodiversity. (lu.se)
Populations1
  • However, the inability to measure population-specific rates, such as growth, for microbial taxa within natural assemblages has limited ecologists' understanding of how microbial populations interact to regulate ecosystem processes. (osti.gov)
Microbiota2
  • In a continuous-growth setting where resources are supplied (similar to a bioreactor or gut microbiota), our model highlights facilitation and self-restraint as interactions that contribute to coexistence. (aps.org)
  • We explored the metagenomic, metabolomic and trace metal makeup of intestinal microbiota and environment in healthy male participants during the run-in (5 day) and the following three 21-day interventions: normoxic bedrest (NBR), hypoxic bedrest (HBR) and hypoxic ambulation (HAmb) which were carried out within a controlled laboratory environment (circadian rhythm, fluid and dietary intakes, microbial bioburden, oxygen level, exercise). (frontiersin.org)
20201
  • Ahmed Nawaz 2020 "Microbial colonisation and degradation of plastic pollution in the marine environment" Open University. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Diverse microbial1
  • Magmatic hydrothermal systems sustain a vast, hot and diverse microbial biosphere that represents a deep organic carbon source to ocean carbon budgets. (nature.com)
Pathogenesis4
  • The initial step in microbial pathogenesis involves adherence and invasion into the host tissues. (scitechnol.com)
  • Applicants with a research focus in any area of immune responses to microbial infections or addressing mechanisms of viral pathogenesis are particularly encouraged to apply. (asv.org)
  • Glycan-Mediated Molecular Interactions in Bacterial Pathogenesis. (google.com)
  • [ 10 ] These studies highlighted the pivotal role of host:microbial interactions in IBD pathogenesis, specifically identifying T-cell activation, IL-23/T helper 17 pathway, autophagy and microbial recognition. (medscape.com)
Microbiomes2
  • However, microbial interactions that drive these complex microbiomes remain poorly understood. (iitm.ac.in)
  • Overall, our study provides key insights into the microbial interactions that drive community structure and organisation in complex hydrothermal plume microbiomes. (iitm.ac.in)
Ecosystem1
  • Auxotrophy can result in obligate interactions between organisms, influencing ecosystem structure and community composition. (github.io)
Biogeochemical2
  • Microbial life plays a primary role in regulating biogeochemical systems in virtually all of our planet's environments, including some of the most extreme, from frozen environments and acidic lakes, to hydrothermal vents at the bottom of deepest oceans, and some of the most familiar, such as the human small intestine, nose, and mouth. (wikipedia.org)
  • These electrodes have a spatial resolution of 50-100 μm, and have allowed analysis of spatial and temporal biogeochemical dynamics in microbial mats and sediments. (wikipedia.org)
Ecological interactions2
  • A technical term that describes the organization of a biological community with respect to ecological interactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • In line with our initial idea, our model includes several ecological interactions including (1) within-trophic-level competitive interactions for resources, (2) between-trophic-level antagonistic and mutualistic interactions, and (3) the way in which species interacts with the abiotic environments. (lu.se)
Fungal1
  • ii) Fungal-bacterial interactions of Mortierellaceae , and prove that these associations are not random. (uibk.ac.at)
Regulate1
  • Seawater circulation, hydrothermal alteration and microbial interactions regulate seawater chemistry and change the composition and physical properties of the lithosphere. (nature.com)
Genomics1
  • The seventh pandemic of cholera in Europe revisited by microbial genomics. (cdc.gov)
Dysbiosis1
  • The etiology of SLE is partially attributed to a deregulated inflammatory response to microbial dysbiosis and environmental changes. (jcvi.org)
Species6
  • They developed a system for mapping all the possible interactions between the five species of bacteria found in the fly gut in order to see how they affected an insect's development, production of offspring, and lifespan, which combine to determine its fitness. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • The analysis of the interactions required developing new mathematical approaches, which are based on the geometry of a five-dimensional cube, where each species is a new dimension. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • In terms of the 23 percent change in lifespan, individual species can account for only one quarter of the effect, while interactions account for the rest. (carnegiescience.edu)
  • Cd resistant genera Massilia, Burkholderia , Streptomyces and Methylobacterium were essential to bacterial interactions via building connections with non-resistant species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we investigate the interactions of three foraminiferal species with nearby organisms in situ, by coupling molecular (cloning/Sanger and high-throughput sequencing) and direct counting and morphological identification with microscopy. (lu.se)
  • Adaptive functional trait matching between species that engage in mutualistic interactions are promoted whereas adaptation to the abiotic environment becomes less pronounced. (lu.se)
Dynamics2
  • To assess the predictive power of inferred interactions, we tested bacterial isolates with predicted cooperative or competitive behavior for their ability to influence bacterial recolonization dynamics. (figshare.com)
  • Exploring marine microbial community dynamics on natural and synthetic polymers" University of Warwick. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Metabolism1
  • The group deals with the application-oriented projects to identify, isolate and characterise novel natural products from the secondary metabolism of amoebae-microbe-interactions. (leibniz-hki.de)
Composition2
  • We wanted other researchers to look beyond changes in stool microbial composition and function, which have been the focus of research in the past few years," Yadegar's team said in a statement provided to Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • In this study, the composition of microbial consortia and the occurrence of some important nutraceuticals during haria preparation were investigated. (who.int)
Bacterial2
  • Here, we use bacterial abundance data of the marine model organism Nematostella vectensis to reconstruct potential bacteria-bacteria interactions through co-occurrence networks. (figshare.com)
  • Song J. (2022) Bacterial AB toxins and host-microbe interactions. (google.com)
Immunology1
  • The research focus should be on Microbial Immunology or Virus-Host Interactions relevant to human health. (asv.org)
Metabolic3
  • These results show that competition or other metabolite-removal of a public good in a three-dimensional system reduces metabolic interaction distances to the low µm-range, highlighting the importance of concentration gradients as physical constraint for cellular interactions. (tudelft.nl)
  • Current theoretical and experimental work suggests that auxotrophy links microbial community members through a complex web of metabolic dependencies. (github.io)
  • These interactions enhanced the metabolic capabilities of the community by exchange of metabolites that cannot be produced by any other community member. (iitm.ac.in)
Mechanisms1
  • The capacity of these protists to use a wide range of adaptive mechanisms requires clarifying the relationships between them and their microbial associates. (lu.se)
Infectious diseases2
  • A chapter on the control of microbial diseases is not unexpected, but the subsequent chapter on partnerships in the control of infectious diseases is an unusual and welcome addition. (cdc.gov)
  • Decoding the intricacies of host-microbe interactions is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat infectious diseases and protect public health. (scitechnol.com)
Fungi2
  • We are interested whether phagocyte derived ROS could pose a threat to fungi and if the ROS defense strategies may have been 'trained' by microbial interactions. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • The overall theme of the project is to determine the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) interactions in the nitrogen cycle for mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agroecosystems. (isme-microbes.org)
Bacteria7
  • Out of 24 significant differential oral microbial abundances found in SLE, 14 unique subgingival bacteria profiles were found to be elevated in SLE. (jcvi.org)
  • Microbial lipids contain a wide range of fatty acids, which are utilised to identify bacteria. (rroij.com)
  • We can be sure that vitamins are commonly exchanged among bacteria because many vitamins are essential for microbial growth yet a large proportion of bacteria don't encode the genes necessary for their production (Figure 1). (nature.com)
  • In contrast, the importance of bacteria-bacteria interactions on host colonization is less understood. (figshare.com)
  • The analysis indicates that bacteria-bacteria interactions are dynamic during host colonization and change according to the host's developmental stage. (figshare.com)
  • Bacteria interactions were sparser yet more competitive under Cd contamination . (bvsalud.org)
  • We highlight possible archaea-archaea and archaea-bacteria interactions and their contributions to the robustness of the community. (iitm.ac.in)
Principles1
  • We seek to draw attention to the relationship between auxotrophy and community stability in an effort to encourage further field and theoretical work that explores the underlying principles of microbial interactions. (github.io)
Immune4
  • Often their pathogenicity arises not only from the formation of special virulence factors, but rather results from complex interactions of the pathogen with the immune system of the infected host. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • Both are likely to be useful in the defense against natural predators and during interactions with cells of the immune system. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • The outcome of a microbial infection depends not only on the pathogen's virulence but also on the host's immune response. (scitechnol.com)
  • As I noted at the time, no work of art is immune to microbial attack. (metmuseum.org)
Impacts1
  • The impacts of Cd on microbial community and their ecological functional remain unrevealed. (bvsalud.org)
Approaches1
  • Many approaches used for the study of microbial interactions require specialized equipment and are expensive and time intensive. (nih.gov)
Particulate1
  • The interactions of phthalate esters with suspended particulate material in fresh and marine waters. (cdc.gov)
Hydrothermal3
  • Here we examine the importance of temperature and energy supply (defined as available power) in controlling the microbial abundance and community structure in hydrothermal sediment from two locations in Guaymas Basin, central Gulf of California. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, high-pH serpentinizing hydrothermal systems harbour a more limited microbial community consisting primarily of methane-metabolizing archaea. (nature.com)
  • Approximately 0.05 GtC yr −1 of organic carbon is estimated to be produced through microbial interactions and oxidation of organic compounds within hydrothermal plumes. (nature.com)
Organic2
  • Serpentinization reactions produce highly reduced fluids with high H 2 , CH 4 and other organic molecules that provide energy for microbial life. (nature.com)
  • iii) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during these interactions and understanding their ecological relevance. (uibk.ac.at)
Study1
  • Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) larvae provide a unique platform to study macrophage-microbe interactions in vivo , from the level of the single cell to the whole organism. (frontiersin.org)
Research2
  • The research group Miqwi is integrated into the structural unit Evolution of Microbial Interactions. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • Come join us in Lyon, France to research microbial interactions in the nitrogen cycle for mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agroecosystems. (isme-microbes.org)
Affect1
  • The results we have found include a causal and mechanistic link between mutualistic interactions that positively affect population size which in turn promote evaluability and trait evolution. (lu.se)
Environments1
  • Evidence suggests that energy-depleted, diffusion-dominated subseafloor environments in many cases have lower microbial temperature maxima (60-80 °C) 4 , 5 than environments with advective supplies of external microbial energy substrates. (nature.com)
Functional1
  • Microbial Cd immobilization potential by urea hydrolysis was enhanced under Cd contamination , with Massilia being the keystone functional taxa involved in this process. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolites1
  • We formulate and experimentally constrain a model that explicitly incorporates chemical compounds (e.g. metabolites or waste-products) that can mediate microbial interactions. (aps.org)

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