Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Effect of sex difference on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by the rat. (1/92290)

Hepatic microsome-catalyzed metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxin Q1 and the "metabolic activation" of AFB1 to DNA-alylating metabolite(s) were studied in normal male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, in gonadectomized animals, and in castrated males and normal females treated with testosterone. Microsomes from male animals formed 2 to 5 times more aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin Q1, and DNA-alkylating metabolite(s) than those from females. Castration reduced the metabolism of AFB1 by the microsomes from males by about 50%, whereas ovariectomy had no significant effect on AFB1 metabolism by the microsomes from females. Testosterone treatment (4 mg/rat, 3 times/week for about 6 weeks) of castrated immature males and immature females enhanced the metabolism of AFB1 by their microsomes. A sex difference in the metabolism of AFB1 by liver microsomes was also seen in other strains of rats tested: Wistar, Long-Evans, and Fischer. The activity of kidney microsomes for metabolic activation was 1 to 4% that of the liver activity and was generally lower in microsomes from male rats as compared to those from female rats of Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Long-Evans strains. The in vitro results obtained with hepatic microsomes correlated well with the in vivo metabolism of AFB1, in that more AFB1 became bound in vivo to hepatic DNA isolated from male rats and from a female rat treated with testosterone than that isolated from control female rats. These data suggest that the differences in hepatic AFB1 metabolism may be the underlying cause of the sex difference in toxicity and carcinogenicity of AFB1 observed in rats.  (+info)

Tissue pharmacokinetics, inhibition of DNA synthesis and tumor cell kill after high-dose methotrexate in murine tumor models. (2/92290)

In Sarcoma 180 and L1210 ascites tumor models, the initial rate of methotrexate accumulation in tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity and in small intestine (intracellularly) after s.c. doses up to 800 mg/kg, showed saturation kinetics. These results and the fact that initial uptake in these tissues within this dosage range was inhibited to the expected relative extent by the simultaneous administration of leucovorin suggest that carrier mediation and not passive diffusion is the major route of drug entry at these extremely high doses. Maximum accumulation of intracellular drug occurred within 2 hr and reached much higher levels in small intestine than in tumor cells at the higher dosages. At a 3-mg/kg dose of methotrexate s.c., intracellular exchangeable drug levels persisted more than four times longer in L1210 cells than in small intestine, but differences in persistence (L1210 cell versus gut) diminished markedly with increasing dosage. At 96 mg/kg, the difference in persistence was less than 2-fold. In small intestine and L1210 cells, theduration of inhibition of DNA synthesis at different dosages correlated with the extent to which exchangeable drug was retained. Toxic deaths occurred when inhibition in small intestine lasted longer than 25 to 30 hr. Recovery of synthesis in small intestine and L1210 cells occurred synchronously and only below dosages of 400 mg/kg. Within 24 hr after dosages of greater than 24 mg/kg, the rate of tumor cell loss increased to a point characterized by a single exponential (t1/2=8.5 hr). The total cell loss, but not the rate of cell loss, was dose dependent.  (+info)

Explanations for the clinical and microscopic localization of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris. (3/92290)

Patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) have blisters on skin, but not mucous membranes, whereas patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) develop blisters on mucous membranes and/or skin. PF and PV blisters are due to loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in the superficial and deep epidermis, respectively. PF autoantibodies are directed against desmoglein (Dsg) 1; PV autoantibodies bind Dsg3 or both Dsg3 and Dsg1. In this study, we test the hypothesis that coexpression of Dsg1 and Dsg3 in keratinocytes protects against pathology due to antibody-induced dysfunction of either one alone. Using passive transfer of pemphigus IgG to normal and DSG3(null) neonatal mice, we show that in the areas of epidermis and mucous membrane that coexpress Dsg1 and Dsg3, antibodies against either desmoglein alone do not cause spontaneous blisters, but antibodies against both do. In areas (such as superficial epidermis of normal mice) where Dsg1 without Dsg3 is expressed, anti-Dsg1 antibodies alone can cause blisters. Thus, the anti-desmoglein antibody profiles in pemphigus sera and the normal tissue distributions of Dsg1 and Dsg3 determine the sites of blister formation. These studies suggest that pemphigus autoantibodies inhibit the adhesive function of desmoglein proteins, and demonstrate that either Dsg1 or Dsg3 alone is sufficient to maintain keratinocyte adhesion.  (+info)

Bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone is strikingly diminished in collagenase-resistant mutant mice. (4/92290)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone resorption by acting directly on osteoblasts/stromal cells and then indirectly to increase differentiation and function of osteoclasts. PTH acting on osteoblasts/stromal cells increases collagenase gene transcription and synthesis. To assess the role of collagenase in the bone resorptive actions of PTH, we used mice homozygous (r/r) for a targeted mutation (r) in Col1a1 that are resistant to collagenase cleavage of type I collagen. Human PTH(1-34) was injected subcutaneously over the hemicalvariae in wild-type (+/+) or r/r mice four times daily for three days. Osteoclast numbers, the size of the bone marrow spaces and periosteal proliferation were increased in calvariae from PTH-treated +/+ mice, whereas in r/r mice, PTH-induced bone resorption responses were minimal. The r/r mice were not resistant to other skeletal effects of PTH because abundant interstitial collagenase mRNA was detected in the calvarial periosteum of PTH-treated, but not vehicle-treated, r/r and +/+ mice. Calcemic responses, 0.5-10 hours after intraperitoneal injection of PTH, were blunted in r/r mice versus +/+ mice. Thus, collagenase cleavage of type I collagen is necessary for PTH induction of osteoclastic bone resorption.  (+info)

GM-CSF-deficient mice are susceptible to pulmonary group B streptococcal infection. (5/92290)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene-targeted mice (GM-/-) cleared group B streptococcus (GBS) from the lungs more slowly than wild-type mice. Expression of GM-CSF in the respiratory epithelium of GM-/- mice improved bacterial clearance to levels greater than that in wild-type GM+/+ mice. Acute aerosolization of GM-CSF to GM+/+ mice significantly enhanced clearance of GBS at 24 hours. GBS infection was associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration in lungs of GM-/- mice, while macrophage infiltrates predominated in wild-type mice, suggesting an abnormality in macrophage clearance of bacteria in the absence of GM-CSF. While phagocytosis of GBS was unaltered, production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide was markedly deficient in macrophages from GM-/- mice. Lipid peroxidation, assessed by measuring the isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2alpha, was decreased in the lungs of GM-/- mice. GM-CSF plays an important role in GBS clearance in vivo, mediated in part by its role in enhancing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages.  (+info)

A new element within the T-cell receptor alpha locus required for tissue-specific locus control region activity. (6/92290)

Locus control regions (LCRs) are cis-acting regulatory elements thought to provide a tissue-specific open chromatin domain for genes to which they are linked. The gene for T-cell receptor alpha chain (TCRalpha) is exclusively expressed in T cells, and the chromatin at its locus displays differentially open configurations in expressing and nonexpressing tissues. Mouse TCRalpha exists in a complex locus containing three differentially regulated genes. We previously described an LCR in this locus that confers T-lineage-specific expression upon linked transgenes. The 3' portion of this LCR contains an unrestricted chromatin opening activity while the 5' portion contains elements restricting this activity to T cells. This tissue-specificity region contains four known DNase I hypersensitive sites, two located near transcriptional silencers, one at the TCRalpha enhancer, and another located 3' of the enhancer in a 1-kb region of unknown function. Analysis of this region using transgenic mice reveals that the silencer regions contribute negligibly to LCR activity. While the enhancer is required for complete LCR function, its removal has surprisingly little effect on chromatin structure or expression outside the thymus. Rather, the region 3' of the enhancer appears responsible for the tissue-differential chromatin configurations observed at the TCRalpha locus. This region, herein termed the "HS1' element," also increases lymphoid transgene expression while suppressing ectopic transgene activity. Thus, this previously undescribed element is an integral part of the TCRalphaLCR, which influences tissue-specific chromatin structure and gene expression.  (+info)

Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. (7/92290)

ICAM-2-deficient mice exhibit prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium concomitant with a delayed increase in eosinophil numbers in the airway lumen during the development of allergic lung inflammation. The ICAM-2-dependent increased and prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium results in prolonged, heightened airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal an essential role for ICAM-2 in the development of the inflammatory and respiratory components of allergic lung disease. This phenotype is caused by the lack of ICAM-2 expression on non-hematopoietic cells. ICAM-2 deficiency on endothelial cells causes reduced eosinophil transmigration in vitro. ICAM-2 is not essential for lymphocyte homing or the development of leukocytes, with the exception of megakaryocyte progenitors, which are significantly reduced.  (+info)

Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. (8/92290)

The two genetically established antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages are production of reactive oxygen intermediates by phagocyte oxidase (phox) and reactive nitrogen intermediates by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Mice doubly deficient in both enzymes (gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-)) formed massive abscesses containing commensal organisms, mostly enteric bacteria, even when reared under specific pathogen-free conditions with antibiotics. Neither parental strain showed such infections. Thus, phox and NOS2 appear to compensate for each other's deficiency in providing resistance to indigenous bacteria, and no other pathway does so fully. Macrophages from gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-) mice could not kill virulent Listeria. Their killing of S. typhimurium, E. coli, and attenuated Listeria was markedly diminished but demonstrable, establishing the existence of a mechanism of macrophage antibacterial activity independent of phox and NOS2.  (+info)

Subjects. Twelve DBA/2J male mice, 13 DBA/2J female mice, 12 C57BL/6J male mice, and 12 C57BL/6J female mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME). The animals were 9 to 10 weeks old at the beginning of discrimination training and were individually housed on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. The mice were weighed and allowed to acclimate to the laboratory for 2 weeks before training began. All mice were fed enough rodent chow (Harlan, Indianapolis, IN) at least 1 h postsession to maintain a body weight between 20 and 30 g. The Wake Forest University School of Medicine Animal Care and Use Committee approved all procedures involving these mice and procedures were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.. Apparatus. Drug discrimination sessions took place in standard two lever mouse operant-conditioning chambers (MED Associates, St. Albans, VT). Each chamber was equipped with two levers on the front wall of ...
Barski, G and Cassingena, R, Malignant transformation in vitro of cells from c57bl mouse normal pulmonary tissue. (1963). Subject Strain Bibliography 1963. 73 ...
Animals. The contractile performance was studied in five young (9-14 wk of age) male TR-α1-deficient mice and five wild-type control animals of the same age and weight (28-35 g). The force-frequency relationship (see below) was studied also in muscles from four female TR-α1-deficient mice and four wild-type control mice of the same age and weight. The TR-α1-deficient mice represent a cross between the SV-129/OLa and BALB/c (30). Contractile studies were performed on four male TR-β-deficient (12) and four control mice of the same age and weight as above. This group of mice has a mixed 129/Sv and C57Bl/6J genetic background, and was generated from TR-β+/ − heterozygote backcrosses. The wild-type mice were obtained from crosses of heterozygote TR-α1- or TR-β-deficient mice. The two homozygote wild-type strains were bred in parallel with the respective knockout strains. Thus the knockout strains have the same genetic background as their respective knockout strains: 129/Ola and BALB/c for ...
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Further information can be found in Supplemental Methods.. Mice, drugs, and tumor cell lines. C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Splenectomized and sham-operated C57BL/6, Batf3-/- (B6.129S(C)-Batf3tm1Kmm/J), zDC-DTR (B6(Cg)-Zbtb46tm1(HBEGF)Mnz/J), CD45.1, OT-I, OT-II, Gja1fl/fl (B6.129S7-Gja1tm1Dlg/J), CD11c-Cre (B6.Cg-Tg(Itgax-cre)1-1Reiz/J), B2m-/- (B6.129P2-B2mtm1Unc/J), MHCII-/- (B6.129S2-H2dlAb1-Ea/J), Ccr2-/- (B6.129S4-Ccr2tm1Ifc/J), and Ccr7-/- (B6.129P2(C)-Ccr7tm1Rfor/J) mice were from The Jackson Laboratory. zDC-DTR BM chimeras were generated by IV injection of 5 × 106 BM cells from zDC-DTR homozygous mice into CD45.1+ or CD45.2+ C57BL/6 recipient mice that had been myeloablated 4 weeks earlier as previously described (74) with some modifications. In brief, recipient mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with busulfan (25 μg/g; MilliporeSigma) on 2 consecutive days, followed by IV injection of donor BM cells 2 days later. DT (MilliporeSigma) was injected ...
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Analysis of polyclonal C57BL/6 repertoires. In 2 independent analyses, C57BL/6 splenocytes were sorted into CD4+GFP-Foxp3- and CD4+GFP-Foxp3+ populations and th
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TY - JOUR. T1 - CD34 expression on long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells changes during developmental stages. AU - Matsuoka, Sahoko. AU - Ebihara, Yasuhiro. AU - Xu, Ming Jiang. AU - Ishii, Takefumi. AU - Sugiyama, Daisuke. AU - Yoshino, Hiroshi. AU - Ueda, Takahiro. AU - Manabe, Atsushi. AU - Tanaka, Ryuhei. AU - Ikeda, Yasuo. AU - Nakahata, Tatsutoshi. AU - Tsuji, Kohichiro. PY - 2001/1/15. Y1 - 2001/1/15. N2 - The CD34 antigen serves as an important marker for primitive hematopoietic cells in therapeutic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and gene therapy, but it has remained an open question as to whether or not most HSC express CD34. Using a competitive long-term reconstitution assay, the results of this study confirm developmental changes in CD34 expression on murine HSC. In fetuses and neonates, CD34 was expressed on Lin-c-Kit+ long-term repopulating HSC of bone marrow (BM), liver, and spleen. However, CD34 expression on HSC decreased with aging, and in mice older ...
The transplantation of spleen cells from old NZB/Bl mice with renal disease induced both the structural and the functional changes of membranous glomerulonephritis in young NZB/Bl mice within a few weeks and well in advance of its usual spontaneous occurrence. The development of hypergammaglobulinemia and lymphoid cell hyperplasia in the young mice indicated that immunologically competent cells, derived from either the transplant or the recipient, proliferated during this process. These experiments, together with other findings, provide further support for the view that membranous glomerulonephritis in NZB/Bl mice is produced by immunological, and probably autoimmune, mechanisms and that the renal disease is apparently almost wholly unrelated to the hemolytic process.. ...
The numbers of obese people and diabetic patients are ever increasing. Obesity and diabetes are high-risk conditions for chronic diseases, including certain types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to develop a novel animal model in order to clarify the pathobiology of CRC development in obese and diabetic patients. We developed an animal model of obesity and colorectal cancer by breeding the C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mouse, an animal model of obesity and type II diabetes, and the C57BL/6J-ApcMin/+ (Min/+) mouse, a model of familial adenomatous polyposis. At 15 weeks of age, the N9 backcross generation of C57BL/KsJ-db/db-ApcMin/+ (db/db-Min/+) mice developed an increased incidence and multiplicity of adenomas in the intestinal tract when compared to the db/m-Min/+ and m/m-Min/+ mice. Blood biochemical profile showed significant increases in insulin (8.3-fold to 11.7-fold), cholesterol (1.2-fold to 1.7-fold), and triglyceride (1.2-fold to 1.3-fold) in the db/db-Min/+ mice
The CD105 MultiSort Kit (PE), mouse has been developed for the isolation of CD105+ cells or cell subsets, including vascular endothelial cells from mouse tissue or cell cultures long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LTR-HSCs) from mouse bone marrow when used in combination with the Anti-Sca-1 MicroBead Kit (FITC). - USA
This study characterizes the high-fat diet-fed mouse as a robust model for IGT and early type 2 diabetes. This model was initially described by Surwit et al. in 1988 (8), and the model has been shown to be most efficient in C57BL/6J mice compared with other strains (20-22). We show here by accumulated data on a large number of animals belonging to this strain that a high-fat diet results in increased body weight gain and over time a stable hyperglycemia but a progressively increased hyperinsulinemia, indicating progressive worsening of insulin resistance. Furthermore, already after 1 week on the diet, baseline plasma glucose and insulin were significantly elevated and IVGTTs showed reduced glucose elimination and impaired insulin secretion (particularly the AIR). The model thus shows two important mechanistic characteristics for IGT and type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance and islet dysfunction.. The growth curves for this 1-year study could be divided into two phases-one initial phase with more ...
MicroRNA (miRNA) molecules are potent mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing that are emerging to be critical in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Here we report that miR-155--an oncogenic miRNA with important function in the mammalian immune system--is induced in dendritic cells (DCs) upon maturation and potentially attenuates their ability to activate T cells. Biolistic epidermal transfection with DNA encoding miR-155 suppressed the induction of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immunity, whereas reduction of endogenous miR-155 by a partially complementary antisense sequence reversed this effect. Because DCs represent a significant component of epidermal tissue and are among the most potent of antigen-presenting cells, the inhibitory actions of miR-155 could be mediated through this subset of cells. These results suggest that miR-155 may repress the expression of key molecules involved in lymph node migration, antigen presentation, or T cell activation in DCs, and thus forms
LLN=lower limit of normal; ULN=upper limit of normal; BL=baseline. Sodium, serum (mEq/L):low if ,0.95*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.95*LLN when BL missing or LLN ≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.05*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.05*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; potassium(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; chloride(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL ≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10* ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; calcium(mg/dL):low if ,0.75*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.80*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.25*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN if BL,LLN or ,1.20*ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN ; bicarbonate(mEq/L):low if ,0.75*BL when BL,LLN or ,LLN when BL,ULN or ,0.75*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ...
LLN=lower limit of normal; ULN=upper limit of normal; BL=baseline. Sodium, serum (mEq/L):low if ,0.95*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.95*LLN when BL missing or LLN ≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.05*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.05*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; potassium(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; chloride(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL ≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10* ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; calcium(mg/dL):low if ,0.75*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.80*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.25*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN if BL,LLN or ,1.20*ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN ; bicarbonate(mEq/L):low if ,0.75*BL when BL,LLN or ,LLN when BL,ULN or ,0.75*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ...
OBJECTIVES The extent of autophagy in myocardium following persistent ischemia and the effects of insulin resistance and diabetes on cardiac autophagy following myocardial infarction (MI) have not been well elucidated. It is generally thought that autophagy reflects the nutritional status of cells, presumably alterable by diabetes. It has been conjectured that diminution of autophagy early after the onset of MI may preserve jeopardized myocardium thereby improving prognosis. METHODS Ten-week-old nondiabetic C57BL6 mice, 20-week-old diabetic and nondiabetic C57BL6 mice were subjected to MI for 4 weeks. Hearts from these mice were harvested and assayed for markers of autophagy. RESULT Hearts of 10-week-old C57BL6 mice subjected to 4 weeks of MI had similar levels of LC3-II, a protein indicator of autophagy, as measured by western blotting compared with hearts from sham operated controls. In 20-week-old C57BL6 mice rendered diabetic by feeding a high-fat diet, the amounts of autophagy were comparable
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is implicated in various pathologies, mainly in terms of its function within innate immune cells. However, TLR2 is also present in endothelial cells. Here, we explored the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial TLR2 signaling. We found that TLR2 was highly abundant in the endothelium within various tissues using TLR2-IRES-EGFP reporter mice and was required for proinflammatory endothelial cell function. Endothelial cells lacking TLR2 exhibited reduced proinflammatory potential at the protein, cell, and tissue levels. Loss of endothelial TLR2 blunted the inflammatory response to both exogenous and endogenous danger signals in endothelial cells in culture and in vivo. Endothelial TLR2 promoted tumor growth, angiogenesis, and protumorigenic immune cell recruitment in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the cell surface localization of P-selectin and the subsequent production of other critical cell adhesion molecules (such as E-selectin, ...
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is implicated in various pathologies, mainly in terms of its function within innate immune cells. However, TLR2 is also present in endothelial cells. Here, we explored the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial TLR2 signaling. We found that TLR2 was highly abundant in the endothelium within various tissues using TLR2-IRES-EGFP reporter mice and was required for proinflammatory endothelial cell function. Endothelial cells lacking TLR2 exhibited reduced proinflammatory potential at the protein, cell, and tissue levels. Loss of endothelial TLR2 blunted the inflammatory response to both exogenous and endogenous danger signals in endothelial cells in culture and in vivo. Endothelial TLR2 promoted tumor growth, angiogenesis, and protumorigenic immune cell recruitment in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the cell surface localization of P-selectin and the subsequent production of other critical cell adhesion molecules (such as E-selectin, ...
Incidence and severity of K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis are not reduced in IL-36 receptor (R) knockout (KO) mice. Incidence of arthritis (A), arthritis
Rodents of an inbred strain display large variations in several behaviors: sucrose preference (Strekalova & Steinbusch, 2010), fear conditioning (Siegmund, Kaltwasser, Holsboer, Czisch, & Wotjak., 2009), decrease in social interaction after social defeat (Krishnan et al., 2007), ambulation in the open-field and the elevated plus-maze (Vidal, 2015). Variations of physiological variables (weight, course of infection, stress response) in inbred animals have also been reported (Gärtner, 2012). This variability, which is not readily explained by genetics or environment, has been termed intangible variation, developmental noise (Blewitt, Chong, & Whitelaw, 2004; Falconer, 1989) or third component (Gärtner, 2012). The author of the present report could not find studies documenting individual differences in the antibody response within an inbred mouse strain; therefore, one goal of this report was to find out if such differences occurred in mice of the C57Bl/6J inbred strain.. A set of correlated ...
Integrated scheme of the kinetics of prothymocyte gating, occupation of microenvironmental niches, and generation of thymocytes in normal mice. Clusters of vertical arrows represent receptive periods (open gate) and horizontal black bars represent refractory periods (closed gate) for importation of hematogenous prothymocytes. Shaded triangles represent filling/equilibration (up slope) and emptying (down slope) phases of occupation of a finite number of intrathymic niches by prothymocytes and their immediate descendants. Dashed, dotted, and mixed symbol curves represent sequential waves of thymocytopoiesis, each generated by the gated importation of a saturating wave of prothymocytes. The lag period of thymocytopoiesis corresponds roughly to the filling/equilibration phase of occupation of the intrathymic niches. The duration of each wave of thymocytopoiesis exceeds the periodicity of gate-opening by twofold, so as to maintain relatively constant levels of total thymocytes. Gate closing appears ...
Certain pathogens, including HIV and hepatitis viruses, that lead to persistent infections are often associated with suboptimal antibody responses. Using LCMV infection in mice, Fallet et al., Moseman et al., and Sammicheli et al. report that up-regulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) in the early phase of infection is a key contributor to premature deletion of virus-specific B cells. Blockade of IFN-I prevents B cell deletion. Although the studies agree that IFN-I does not act directly on B cells, they found that distinct immune cells mediate IFN-I-dependent deletion of B cells, depending on the system examined. Targeting of the IFN-I pathway could be used to restore B cell responses during persistent viral infections in humans. ...
15-Lipoxygenase-2 (ALOX15B), an oxidoreductase in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, is a functional tumor suppressor whose expression is reduced in a variety of human cancers. To determine the roles of ALOX15B in carcinogenesis, we generated transgenic mice with ALOX8, the murine homolog of ALOX15B, knocked out. ALOX8 expression at mRNA level was abolished in homozygous knockout mice and reduced to half of wild type in heterozygous knockout mice. Its observed that homozygous female ALOX8 knockout mice are infertile but male ALOX8 knockout mice are fertile. Increased incidence of tumor as uni or multimass was found in the lung, prostate and in the mesentery region of homozygous and heterozygous ALOX8 knockout mice, when compared with little mate wild type mice. Histological evaluations showed an increase in secondary tumors and inflammation in different tissues like lung and large intestine in mice with ALOX8 knocked out. The transgenic mice could be a good model to study the role of ...
In this report, we show that overexpression of scurfin in FoxP3 Tg mice results in the inability to mount an effective humoral immune response. FoxP3 Tg mice displayed lower levels of circulating IgG when compared with their nontransgenic littermates, and had a dramatically reduced response when challenged with a specific Ag. However, B cells from FoxP3 Tg mice produced normal levels of Ig when stimulated in vitro, suggesting that a defect in T cell-derived help was responsible for the phenotype seen in these mice. Three additional lines of evidence support this hypothesis. First, T cells from FoxP3 Tg mice failed to provide help to B cells from NLC mice. Second, CD4+ T cells from FoxP3 Tg mice failed to up-regulate CD40L and CD69 expression when stimulated. Finally, significantly fewer IL-4- and IFN-γ-producing splenic T cells were generated in immunized FoxP3 Tg mice as compared with NLC mice. Overall, these findings suggest that the poor Ag-specific Ab response generated by FoxP3 Tg mice ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Gene transfer of AIMP1 and B7.1 into epitope-loaded, fibroblasts induces tumor-specific CTL immunity, and prolongs the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. AU - Kim, Tae S.. AU - Lee, Byeong C.. AU - Kim, Eugene. AU - Cho, Daeho. AU - Cohen, Edward P.. N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Drs. I.J. Fidler, M. Bevan and R. Mulligan for providing valuable reagents. This work was supported by grants from the National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health & Welfare (070335), and from the Research Center for Womens Diseases, Science Research Center Program, Ministry of Science & Technology, Republic of Korea (R11-2005-017).. PY - 2008/11/5. Y1 - 2008/11/5. N2 - T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immune responses play various roles in cellular immunity, including inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and they have been shown to be crucial in cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we found that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 ...
Cancer immunotherapy is emerging as a treatment option for patients with late-stage tumors (23, 24). Modulating tumor microenvironments by antagonizing tumor-associated negative immune regulators such as PD-1, TGFβ, or adenosine has been viewed as an attractive treatment strategy (25, 26). In the current study, we found that myeloid-selective deletion of Adora2a slowed tumor growth and significantly increased activation markers, IL12 and MHCII, on macrophages without affecting ex vivo cytotoxicity. Myeloid-selective deletion of the A2AR also decreased ,90% IL10 production by tumor-associated macrophages, DCs, and MDSCs. This was associated with increased NK and CD8+ T-cell numbers, CD44 expression, and T-cell IFNγ production in the tumor.. Deletion of A2ARs from T cells causes T-cell activation, but reduces T-cell survival and memory cell differentiation in the solid tumor environment (27). Consequently, selective deletion of T-cell Adora2a sometimes reduces T-cell numbers and enhances the ...
Primary Sjögrens syndrome (pSS) is characterized by a panel of autoantbodies, while it is not clear whether B cells and autoantibodies play an essential role in pathogenesis of the disease. Here we report a novel mouse model for pSS which is induced by immunization with the Ro60_316-335 peptide containing a predominant T cell epitope. After immunization, mice developed several symptoms mimicking pSS, including a decreased secretion of tears, lymphocytic infiltration into the lacrimal glands, autoantibodies and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Disease susceptibility to this novel mouse model varies among strains, where C3H/HeJ (H2-k) and C3H/HeN (H2-k) are susceptible while DBA/1 (H2-q) and C57BL/6 (H2-b) are resistant. Depletion of B cells using anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies prevented C3H/HeN mice from development of the pSS-like disease. In addition, HLA-DRB1*0803, a pSS risk allele, was predicted to bind to the hRo60_308-328 which contains a predominant T cell epitope of human Ro60.
Results The wild-derived mouse strain PWD/Ph was highly susceptible to CAIA induced arthritis, whereas the classical laboratory strain C57BL/6J was resistant. Mice carrying chromosomes 5 or 12 from PWD on a B6 background display a B6-like phenotype in the CAIA model as well as the F1 hybrids (B6xPWD and PWDxB6) implicating the presence of dominant resistance modifiers in the C57BL/6J genetic background. The two mouse strains differ highly in their autoantigenic profile. Injecting specific monoclonal ACPAs reactive with the citrullintated H1 and H4 were able to block the CAIA induced arthritis. This inhibition can be explained in part by a Toll 9 dependent inhibition of osteoclasts. Moreover TLR2 activation via P.gingivalis LPS and lipomannan treated animals show a 80% reduction of arthritis score compared to E. coli LPS in a C57BL/6J CAIA model. Anti-collagen specific antibodies are increased in both strains B6 and PWD when arthritis is induced. Commercial CCP2 ELISA detected ACPA in animals ...
It is generally viewed that the effects of IFN-I on clonal expansion in vivo are related largely via their actions on APCs and to some extent via skewing activated T cells toward a type I cytokine response (6-15). Our studies highlight a previously unappreciated role for IFN-I in causing clonal expansion via direct action on antigen-specific CD8 T cells. We think this effect was not appreciated in previous experiments that analyzed T cell responses directly in virally infected IFN-IR0 mice (16), in which neither T cells nor APCs can respond to IFN-I, possibly because (a) the infected IFN-IR0 mice may elicit altered innate responses and (b) the IFN-IR0 mice have a high persistent viral load that makes it difficult to dissociate effects because of the absence of IFN-I action from effects related to overwhelming viral loads (16, 17). For example, IFN-IR0 mice are known to elicit elevated levels of IL-12 (which may overcome the defect caused by IFN-IR0 deficiency on CD8 T cells; Fig. 8) because of ...
Figure 5. Pretreatment of donor T cells with a c-Rel antagonist does not impair GVT activity. A, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients received C57BL/6 TCD BM cells with 2 × 106 C57BL/6 WT or c-Rel−/− T cells (syngeneic HSCT). Control mice received BM only. All groups received 1 × 105 luciferase-expressing EL4-TGL tumor cells on day 0. Survival curve is shown (n = 5-8). B, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients received 5 × 106 C57BL/6 WT or c-Rel−/− T cells (syngeneic HSCT). All groups received 1 × 106 EL4 tumor cells on day 0. Expression level of CD25 in donor-derived splenic CD8+ T cells on day 7 is shown. C, lethally irradiated BALB/c recipients were transplanted with C57BL/6 TCD BM cells with 2 × 106 C57BL/6 WT or c-Rel−/− T cells (allo-HSCT). Expression level of CD25 in donor-derived splenic CD8+ T cells on day 7 is shown. D, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients received C57BL/6 TCD BM cells with 1 × 106 C57BL/6 Pmel1+/+ T cells (syngeneic HSCT). T cells were ...
In the present study, we show that anti-CD40 can synergize with class B CpG in activating tumoricidal Mφ, which, in turn, mediated antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Class B CpGs are potent activators of both murine and human mononuclear phagocytes, and Mφ in particular (30, 33, 34, 44). Although CpG and LPS share many immunostimulatory properties, CpG seems to be less toxic in vivo due to stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes in a much more restricted manner (33, 34). Our data suggest that CpG and LPS might synergize with anti-CD40 in activating Mφ via different mechanisms, because CpG, but not LPS, synergized with anti-CD40 in C3H/HeJ mice. Our results also show that anti-CD40 synergized with CpG in activation of cytotoxic Mφ in a time- and order-dependent manner. The observed time-dependent up-regulation of TLR9 in response to anti-CD40 could account, at least in part, for the synergy between anti-CD40 and CpG. Thus, CD40-ligation of B cells resulted in augmented expression of TLR9 ...
CD4 and CD8 T cells are constantly exposed to inflammatory signals that influence diverse functional outcomes during infections and certain autoimmune disorders. One of the signals controlling CD4 and CD8 T cell functions is the inflammatory cytokine IL-12. Previous studies have focused on how IL-12 regulates CD4 and CD8 T cell functions when present during or after the activation of the T cell receptor (TCR). However, based on murine studies, we have only recently begun to appreciate that exposure to inflammatory signals, driven in part by IL-12, could alter how CD4 and CD8 T cells respond to TCR stimulation. Although intriguing, these studies have left several questions unanswered. Does IL-12 similarly regulate the function of human T cells? If so, what is the exact molecular mechanism by which IL-12 mediates these effects? To address these critical questions, we examined how IL-12 pretreatment altered human CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to subsequent TCR stimulation. In CHAPTER III, we examined how
Publikations-Datenbank der Fraunhofer Wissenschaftler und Institute: Aufsätze, Studien, Forschungsberichte, Konferenzbeiträge, Tagungsbände, Patente und Gebrauchsmuster
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Immune cells constantly circulate in the body in search of pathogens or tissue damage. Because they move autonomously, immune cell trafficking must be tightly controlled and coordinated by extracellular cues. The main signals that guide immune cells are chemokines, small polypeptides that modulate the migratory behavior of cells. Remarkably, most chemokines are not only sensed but also secreted by immune cells, indicating that immune cells might either attract more of their own kind or trigger complex patterns of feedbacks between different cell populations. Such cascades might allow different immune cell types to orchestrate their sequential arrival at a site of infection (1). On page 1071 of this issue, Lim et al. (2) show that this is indeed the case with neutrophils and cytotoxic T cells, the former leaving a trail of cues for the latter to follow during the eradication of a viral infection. ...
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chr6:40953984-40975892, + strand. Annotation of mouse strain C57BL/6NJ genome assembly provided by GENCODE consortium. Distributed via Ensembl Release 92. Gene type: protein coding gene; Gene Name: Prss1 ...
chr15:106010884-106040265, + strand. Annotation of mouse strain C57BL/6NJ genome assembly provided by GENCODE consortium. Distributed via Ensembl Release 92. Gene type: protein coding gene; Gene Name: Tmprss12 ...
Whether expected to be key contributors or free agency afterthoughts, these NBA players did not measure up during the 2011-2012 season. Disappointment comes in many various forms...
In the Cardiology Masters section of European Cardiology Review we bring you an insight into the career of a key contributor to the field of cardiology.
acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs ...
... inbred mouse strain and initiated the systematic generation of inbred strains. The mouse has since been used extensively as a ... were C57BL/6 laboratory mice. Sequencing of the laboratory mouse genome was completed in late 2002 using the C57BL/6 strain. ... "Dirty" mice are possibly better suitable for mimicking human pathologies. In addition, inbred mouse strains are used in the ... "BALB/c". Inbred Strains of Mice. Jackson Laboratory. Retrieved 2007-04-16. "BALB/cByJ". Jax Mice Data Sheet. Jackson Laboratory ...
Schwartz WJ, Zimmerman P. Circadian timekeeping in BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred mouse strains. J Neurosci. 1990; 10: 3685-3694. ...
C57BL/6J) mouse. The offspring of the mutated mouse with the inbred strain has a 50% chance of carrying the mutation. From this ... To create a coisogenic strain through breeding, a mouse with the specific mutation on a locus is mated to an inbred strain (e.g ... There are numerous ways to create an inbred strain and each of these strains are unique. Genetically engineered mice can be ... Bult, CJ; Eppig, JT; Blake, JA; Kadin, JA; Richardson, JE; Mouse Genome Database, Group (4 January 2016). "Mouse genome ...
... of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of the Neuroactive Steroid Pregnanolone in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J Inbred Mice". Journal of ...
Some inbred laboratory mouse strains, such as BALB/c and C57BL/6, also have different proteins expressed in their urine. ... using white-footed mice, it was found that when mice derived from wild populations were inbred, there was reduced survival when ... Wild mice breeding freely in semi-natural enclosures showed inbreeding avoidance. This avoidance resulted from a strong deficit ... These findings suggest that inbreeding reduces fitness, and that scent signal recognition has evolved in mice as a means of ...
In 1921, he inbred the mouse strain C57BL/6 or "black 6", which is the most popular laboratory mouse to date. His most ... C. C. Little, Cancer and Inbred Mice by James F. Crow, "Genetics", Vol. 161, 1357-1361, August 2002. Clarence Cook Little (1888 ... The lab was quickly rebuilt and most mouse strains were recovered from other labs around the world. By 1950, the lab was ... Little energetically developed both the lab and the ACS, and by 1944 they were shipping 9000 mice a week to other laboratories ...
The cell line is a luteinizing hormone-dependent steroidogenic cell line that was generated from a mice inbred strain C57BL/6J ... MA-10 cells are a model cell line derived from the mouse Leydig cell tumor used in biomedical research. ...
N.M Haldane identified first linkage in mouse between Albino mice and pink eye dilution on chromosome seven. In 1921, C57BL ... In 1909, Clarence C. Little developed the first inbred strain, the DBA (Dilute, brown non-Agouti) mouse. In 1915, ... Mice have relatively short gestation periods. Mice take a brief time to reach sexual maturity. Mice have large litter sizes. ... The number of mouse genes without a corresponding human homologue is less than 1%. 90% of the human and mouse genomes are ...
C57BL/6 mice are highly resistant to the virus, while DBA/2J mice are sensitive. C57BL/6 mice showed slight loss of body weight ... Parker JC, Whiteman MD, Richter CB (January 1978). "Susceptibility of inbred and outbred mouse strains to Sendai virus and ... It was suggested that the mice used to passage the virus were infected with the mouse virus. Thus, mouse virus was later ... Only 10% mortality rate was observed in C57BL/6 mice after the administration of very high virulent dose of 1*105 TCID50. It ...
He trained C. C. Little who bred C57BL/6J ("Black 6") from Lathrop's mouse number 57. Black 6 became the most frequently used ... Abbie E. C. Lathrop (1868 - 1918) was a rodent fancier who bred fancy mice and inbred strains for animal models, particularly ... She bred Japanese waltzing mice as well as fancy mice. The mice had straw bedding and lived in wooden boxes. They were fed a ... Lathrop started out with a pair of waltzing mice she obtained in Granby and her farm grew to hold over 11,000 mice at one point ...
"Differential effect of inbred mouse strain (C57BL/6, DBA/2, 129T2) on insulin secretory function in response to a high fat diet ... In the strain of mice most commonly used for DIO models, C57BL/6J, mice who started the diet at 10 weeks old showed lower ... For example, mice were put on a high-fat diet, but given either tap water, green tea, or Goishi tea to drink. The mice who ... West, D. B.; Boozer, C. N.; Moody, D. L.; Atkinson, R. L. (1992-06-01). "Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains". The ...
"Genetic sensitivity to hot-plate nociception in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains: possible sex-specific mediation by δ2 ... female mice are more sensitive to itch than male mice; pain reduces sexual desire in male but not female mice; sex differences ... They showed that mice display more pain behavior if they are tested in close proximity to other mice also in pain, but only if ... In 1999, they showed that different inbred strains of mice displayed very different pain sensitivity. Chief among these ...
C57BL, C57BR and C57L). Many of the most popular strains of mice were developed during the next decade, and some are closely ... and only three un-pedigreed mice remained alive. Soon after World War I, inbreeding in mice was started on a much larger scale ... A/J C3H C57BL/6 CBA DBA/2 BALB/c G. M. Rommel first started conducting inbreeding experiments on guinea pigs in 1906. Strain 2 ... "The period before World War I led to the initiation of inbreeding in rats by Dr Helen King in about 1909 and in mice by Dr C. C ...
... a barred irregular galaxy C57BL/6, a common inbred strain of lab mouse Fried Liver Attack, a chess opening HMS Cumberland (C57 ...
... mice, inbred balb c MeSH B01.050.157.520.388 - mice, inbred c3h MeSH B01.050.157.520.420 - mice, inbred c57bl MeSH B01.050. ... mice, inbred balb c MeSH B01.050.199.520.520.388 - mice, inbred c3h MeSH B01.050.199.520.520.420 - mice, inbred c57bl MeSH ... mice, inbred cba MeSH B01.050.157.520.445 - mice, inbred cftr MeSH B01.050.157.520.460 - mice, inbred dba MeSH B01.050.157.520. ... 480 - mice, inbred hrs MeSH B01.050.157.520.510 - mice, inbred icr MeSH B01.050.157.520.555 - mice, inbred mrl lpr MeSH B01.050 ...
... a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System C57BL/6, an inbred mouse strain B6 (musician), a ...
... be alleviated by transferring a sample of H2 haplotypes from wild mice onto inbred (C57BL/10 or B10) background and thus ... Typing of inbred strains suggested that the Mhc might manifest unusually high variability (polymorphism). Inbred strains were, ... The karyotype of the house mouse normally consists of 40 telocentric chromosomes, but in certain regions in Europe, mice with ... Genetic mapping of the loci controlling the class I and class II antigens of the mouse showed them to be part of a cluster, ...
... and a male C57BL/6By mouse in the 1960s. The small panel of 8 CXB strains was originally used to determine if the Major ... Recombinant inbred strains or lines were first developed using inbred strains of mice but are now used to study a wide range of ... pairs of the F2 progeny are then mated to establish inbred strains through long-term inbreeding. Families of recombinant inbred ... In the case of a typical mouse recombinant inbred strain made by crossing maternal strain BALB/cBy (C) with paternal strain ...
It has genetic similarity to C57BL/6N, and generally differs from other inbred stains. It has been used as a model in the study ... It is among the smallest house mice. Different strains such as MSM/Ms, JF1, Japanese waltzing mouse, C57BL/6J and MSKR exist ... The Japanese house mouse or Japanese wild mouse (Mus musculus molossinus) is a type of house mouse that originated in Japan. ... fancy mouse) in the 19th century. This black coloured mouse is a sub-strain of C57BL/6 created in 1921 by C. C. Little at the ...
Rhodes, JS; Ford, MM; Yu, CH; Brown, LL; Finn, DA; Garland Jr, T; Crabbe, JC (2007). "Mouse inbred strain differences in ... "Acute effects of acamprosate and MPEP on ethanol Drinking-in-the-Dark in male C57BL/6J mice". Alcoholism: Clinical and ... Rhodes was one of the developers of the Drinking in the Dark model in mice. In this model, a specific mouse strain is found to ... "Acute effects of naltrexone and GBR 12909 on ethanol drinking-in-the-dark in C57BL/6J mice". Psychopharmacology. 192 (2): 207- ...
Among the earliest references to the use of inbred mice in cancer was the observed susceptibility of the A family of inbred ... For example, transgenic mice on a mixed C57BL/6J and SJL background expressing human HRAS have a mammary gland carcinoma ... MMHCdb contains genetic and genomic information about inbred mouse strains, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and ... Inbred mouse strains are the result of at least 20 generations of successive brother/sister matings which lead to a population ...
The NOG mouse was generated in CIEA in 2000 by back-cross mating of C57BL/6J-IL-2Rγnull mouse that was originally developed by ... The NOD/Shi inbred strain was first discovered by Makino et al. as autoimmune non-obese-type diabetes mice. Lack of functional ... Cancer Infectious Diseases Regenerative Medicine Hematology Humanized mouse Nude mouse SCID mouse M. Ito and, et al. (2002). " ... such as nude mouse and NOD/scid mouse. Thus, the mouse can be the best model as a highly efficient recipient of human cells to ...
nov., a novel Helicobacter species isolated from bile, livers, and intestines of aged, inbred mice". Journal of Clinical ... "Concurrent Helicobacter bilis Infection in C57BL/6 Mice Attenuates Proinflammatory H. pylori-Induced Gastric Pathology". ... 2000]. H. rappini has also been isolated from the feces of healthy people, dogs, and mice, as well as from patients with ... Like Helicobacter hepaticus, it colonizes the bile, liver, and intestine of mice, and is associated with multifocal chronic ...
"Dirty" mice are possibly better suitable for mimicking human pathologies. In addition, inbred mouse strains are used in the ... Animal testing Animal model BALB/c C57BL/6 Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey, five mice who orbited the Moon in 1972 Mouse models of ... Mice differ from humans in several immune properties: mice are more resistant to some toxins than humans; have a lower total ... Thirty to fifty live mice are normally born from this number of injected blastocysts. Normally, the skin color of the mice from ...
... and Leads to Adverse Gestational Outcome in Female C57BL/6 Mice". Frontiers in Nutrition. 3 (1): 1-10. doi:10.3389/fnut. ... NCLAS also came into the limelight due to the WNIN/Ob obese rat strain which is the heaviest inbred rat model available. It has ... "Mice to reveal key to human obesity". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. "Australia-India food ...
The idea of inbreeding to achieve this goal of a 'pure strain' in mice was one that may have created a negative response to the ... C57BL/6 (lab mice), etc. These organisms have led to many advances in the past century. Some of the first work with what would ... 30-35 Rader, Making Mice Rader, Making Mice, pp. 190-195 Rader, Making Mice, p. 252 Allen, Garland E. Thomas Hunt Morgan: The ... He would continue his work with these mice and used his research to demonstrate that inbreeding is an effective way of ...
Smith HJ (December 1966). "Antigenicity of carcinogen-induced and spontaneous tumours in inbred mice". British Journal of ... NK1.1 or NK1.2 in C57BL/6 mice. The NKp46 cell surface marker constitutes, at the moment, another NK cell marker of preference ... in the mouse, and by Hugh Pross and doctoral student Mikael Jondal in the human. The mouse and human work was carried out under ... In both mice and humans, NKs can be seen to play a role in tumor immunosurveillance by directly inducing the death of tumor ...
C57BL/6, DBA/2, 129T2) on insulin secretory function in response to a high fat diet ... animalsargininebreedingdietary fatsfastingglucoseinsulinislets of langerhansmiceinbred miceC57BLspecies specificityScience & ... DBA/2 mice hypersecreted insulin in response to glucose and glucose plus arginine compared with C57BL/6 and 129T2 mice. ... mice had higher fasting plasma glucose levels and lower fasting plasma insulin levels compared with C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice ...
Mice, Inbred C57BL * Morpholines / antagonists & inhibitors * Polysaccharides / antagonists & inhibitors * Pyrazoles / ...
Genetics, ethanol and the Fos response: A comparison of the C57BL/6J and DNA/2J inbred mouse strains. Alcoholism: Clinical and ... Hitzemann, B & Hitzemann, R 1997, Genetics, ethanol and the Fos response: A comparison of the C57BL/6J and DNA/2J inbred mouse ... Dive into the research topics of Genetics, ethanol and the Fos response: A comparison of the C57BL/6J and DNA/2J inbred mouse ... Genetics, ethanol and the Fos response : A comparison of the C57BL/6J and DNA/2J inbred mouse strains. / Hitzemann, Barbara; ...
Genetic analysis of the mandible morphology in DDD.Cg-Ay/Sgn and C57BL/6J inbred mice. Journal of Genetics. 2019 Aug; 98: 1-14 ... Genetic analysis of the mandible morphology in DDD.Cg-Ay/Sgn and C57BL/6J inbred mice. ... mapping analysis was performed for the mandible morphology in DDD.Cg-Ay/Sgn and C57BL/6J inbred mice. The size and shape of the ... These QTLs explained 46.85% of the centroid size variation in F2 mice. When the F2Ay and F2 non-Ay mice were analysed ...
Mice, Inbred C57BL * Models, Neurological* * Nerve Net / physiology* * Neuronal Plasticity / physiology * Neurons, Afferent / ...
... the Rab27a/b DKO mouse line should be used with caution or with appropriate back-crossing to other C57BL/6J mouse substrain ... Western blot and RT-PCR studies revealed lack of αsyn expression at either the mRNA or protein level in Rab27a/b DKO mice. PCR ... Electron microscopy of cortex from these mice demonstrates abnormally enlarged synaptic terminals with reduced synaptic vesicle ... a slightly smaller deletion region than that previously reported in the C57BL/6J substrain maintained by Envigo. ...
Retrieve SNPs for C57BL/6JOlaHsd • Compare C57BL/6JOlaHsd vs. one other strain • Strain type: Inbred • URLs that redirect to ... Mouse strain: C57BL/6JOlaHsd Vendor: Hsd MGI. MPD ID: 836 • List all studies involving C57BL/6JOlaHsd (2) • ...
Mice, Inbred C57BL. Bella DL, Schock BC, Lim Y, Leonard SW, Berry C, Cross CE, Traber MG. 2006. Regulation of the alpha- ... Mice. Lim Y, Schock BC, Gohil K, Leonard SW, Packer L, Cross CE, Traber MG. 2004. Gene-nutrient interactions exemplified by the ... Mice, Knockout. Lim Y, Schock BC, Gohil K, Leonard SW, Packer L, Cross CE, Traber MG. 2004. Gene-nutrient interactions ... Regulation of the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein in mice: lack of response to dietary vitamin E or oxidative stress.. Lipids ...
C57BL/6 mice received 10,sup,5,/sup, red blood cells infected with ,i,Plasmodium berghei,/i, ANKA intraperitoneally. ... Noninfected mice were used as controls. Capsazepine or vehicle was given intraperitoneally for 6 days. Mice were culled on day ... Inbred male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old) were used. Mice were obtained from the animals facility of the Department of ... C57BL/6 mice received 105 red blood cells infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA intraperitoneally. Noninfected mice were used ...
Mice, Inbred C57BL. 1. 2020. 23025. 0.010. Why? Molecular Sequence Data. 1. 2014. 18913. 0.010. Why? ...
2008) and inbred C57BL/6 mice (Muheim et al. 2006) are also being used to investigate the molecular basis of the magnetic ... In related experiments with C57BL/6 mice, we are investigating the role of magnetic cues in a task traditionally used to study ... fields on magnetic compass orientation in mice, birds and larval Drosophila. Frequencies in this range are predicted to alter ... Czech Republic to map central pathways involved in processing magnetic stimuli in the mouse brain, retina, and trigeminal nerve ...
Inbred C57BL/6J mice carry two copies of an age-related hearing loss gene (Ahl). It has been shown that these mice begin losing ... The congenic B6.CAST-+Ahl male mice had significantly less TTS immediately post-exposure than C57BL/6J males or females but not ... Non-noise-exposed mice of the same strains and age served as controls. The noise-exposed mice were functionally tested for ABR ... Five each of young C57BL/6J males and females, and B6.CAST-+Ahl males were exposed to a 4-kHz octave band of noise at 108 dB ...
This phenomenon primarily has been studied in DCs from the classic laboratory inbred mouse strain C57BL/6J (B6) m... ... Divergent Genetic Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production between C57BL/6J and Wild-Derived PWD/PhJ Mice Controls Postactivation ...
This choice is based on the historical relevance of mouse studies in understanding the disease and the present and long- ... using mouse models of tuberculosis (TB) as a case study. ... 2009) Aging in inbred strains of mice: study design and interim ... mice in at least one of the experimental groups, 85% used knockout mice, mostly (82%) on a C57BL/6 background. The use of GM ... used non-genetically modified inbred strains. Of these (n = 231), 44% used solely C57BL/6, 23% BALB/c and 4% other inbred ...
Inbred C57BL Mouse 8% * Genetic Therapy 8% * Colon 7% * Vaccination 7% * Carcinoma 5% ... T cell-dependent tumor eradication or dormancy in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ... T cell-dependent tumor eradication or dormancy in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. ...
C57BL/6 and 129 inbred mouse strains differ in Gbp2 and Gbp2b expression in response to inflammatory stimuli in vivo. Authors ( ...
... inbred mice which are often referred to collectively as "C57BL/6". Different substrains of C57BL/6 mice possess unique genetic ... they breed all mouse lines derived from JM8 ES cells to genetically-matched C57BL/6NTac mice and use C57BL/6NTac mice as wild ... The C57BL/6N branch, from which C57BL/6NTac mice are derived, are more closely related to each other than they are to C57BL/6J ... Using Mice Derived from C57BL/6NTac ES Cells. If you are using a genetically engineered mouse created from a C57BL/6NTac ES ...
... the breed of black mice known as C57BL/6 is the most well-known and widely used animal models in research. Theyre an inbred ... Souris Noire de Labo (C57BL/6). Souris Noire de Labo (C57BL/6) GMEU-PD-0075 9,95 € ... This particular variety was the sixth sub-strain produced by mating the two C57BL mice. ... He was the first to establish the use of inbred mice in studying genetics.. ...
... mice, mice, inbred C57BL, mice, knockout, neoplasm proteins, protein-tyrosine kinases, receptors, IgE, signal transduction, t- ... are effective adjuvants in combination with MTB subunit vaccine candidates in mice. However, it is unknown which signaling ... are effective adjuvants in combination with MTB subunit vaccine candidates in mice. However, it is unknown which signaling ... are effective adjuvants in combination with MTB subunit vaccine candidates in mice. However, it is unknown which signaling ...
Inbred C57BL/6J mice carry two copies of an age-related hearing loss gene (Ahl). It has been shown that these mice begin losing ... The congenic B6.CAST-+Ahl male mice had significantly less TTS immediately post-exposure than C57BL/6J males or females but not ... noise-exposed mice of the same strains and age served as controls. The noise-exposed mice were functionally tested for ABR ... Five each of young C57BL/6J males and females, and B6.CAST-+Ahl males were exposed to a 4-kHz octave band of noise at 108 dB ...
keywords = "Animals, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, ... Primary mouse dysferlinopathy myoblast cultures show reduced cytokine release upon stimulation, indicating that the secretion ... Primary mouse dysferlinopathy myoblast cultures show reduced cytokine release upon stimulation, indicating that the secretion ... Primary mouse dysferlinopathy myoblast cultures show reduced cytokine release upon stimulation, indicating that the secretion ...
CB6F1/6J is a hybrid mouse model which comes from breeding two inbred mice (C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ). This animal showed similar ... Compared with C57BL/6J mice, one study found that DBA/2J mice display a more robust and rapid light spot-response (Jankovic et ... Another study of four inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6, DBA/2, C3H and 129S2/Sv) provided the evidence that circadian rhythmicity ... For example, investigation of ambulatory activity of inbred mouse strains (DBA/2 and C57BL/6) across two laboratories (Aberdeen ...
We exposed aged male and female C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice to DE, which was cooled and diluted with HEPA-filtered ... inbred mouse strains and both sexes, including whole transcriptome examination of the medial prefrontal cortex. ... These results are important because B6 mice are often used as the default mouse model for DE studies and strain-related effects ... attenuated in mice genetically deficient in IL-11 receptor subunit alpha-1 (IL-11Rα1-deficient mice), a transmembrane receptor ...
Filters: Keyword is Mice, Inbred C57BL and Author is Lee, Yongjin [Clear All Filters] ...
... and H4R-induced signal transmission was tested in a scratching assay in mice in vivo as well as via Ca2+ imaging of murine ... They identified the inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 and the outbred strain CD-1 (ICR) as the most susceptible strains to local ... Female and male C57/BL/6 mice (C57/BL/6J, (7 ± 1 weeks old, body weight 20 ± 1 g)), female and male TRPV1−/− mice (B6.129X1- ... and C57BL/6 mice (24%). The majority of 4-MH positive cells isolated from CD-1 (44%) and C57BL/6 mice (77%) were sensitive to ...
Genetic variation in hippocampal microRNA expression differences in C57BL/6 J X DBA/2 J (BXD) recombinant inbred mouse strains ... DNA-Methylome Analysis of Mouse Intestinal Adenoma Identifies a Tumour-Specific Signature That Is Partly Conserved in Human ...
... incubation periods were 301-463 days in RIII mice, 361-553 days in VM mice, and 335-553 days in C57BL mice. ... between BSE and vCJD was shown by experimental transmission of the 2 diseases into standard panels of inbred wild-type mouse ... C57BL, and VM mice, whereas in the FVB mice, both diseases exhibit the same pattern of PrPSc deposition (3-5). ... Mouse strains of the same PrP genotype showed close similarities in lesion profiles with Prn-pa mice (RIII and C57BL), showing ...
Strain Detail Sheet for C57BL/6J-MtgxR4795Btlr/Mmmh ... or bred with C57BL/6J inbred mice. ... C57BL/6J mice were injected with ENU, resulting in G0 mice that were bred back to C57BL/6J. Sperm was archived from G1 male ... G1 male heterozygous mice are viable and fertile. The G1 mice were not characterized prior to archiving. ... 1 The distribution fee covers the expense of rederiving mice from a live mouse; you will receive the resulting litter. The ...
Mice were interbred to generate compound mice with appropriate alleles on an inbred C57Bl/6 genetic background. Mice were ... 9 mice; Mann-Whitney). H, qRT-PCR for Wnt target genes in mice described in D (**, P , 0.005, mean ± SEM, n = 9 mice, Mann- ... 9 mice; Mann-Whitney). H, qRT-PCR for Wnt target genes in mice described in D (**, P , 0.005, mean ± SEM, n = 9 mice, Mann- ... 9 mice; Mann-Whitney). F, Quantification of gastric adenomas in mice described in D (***, P , 0.001; mean ± SEM; n = 9 mice; ...

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