AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Mice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred C3HAnimals, Outbred StrainsSpecies SpecificityAnimal Care CommitteesIndianaAnimals, LaboratoryDiscrimination LearningLaboratory Animal ScienceAnimal WelfareIndividualityGossypiumChemistry, AnalyticFearMice, Inbred StrainsMycobacterium tuberculosisVaccinesVaccines, DNATuberculosisBacterial VaccinesMycobacteriumVaccines, SyntheticLeucine ZippersGlucocorticoidsDexamethasoneTranscription FactorsToll-Like ReceptorsMacrophages, AlveolarPulmonary AlveoliGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsRho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsADP-Ribosylation Factorsras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsADP-Ribosylation Factor 1Guanine NucleotidesGuanosine DiphosphateFibroblast Growth Factor 2Fibroblast Growth FactorsReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorExerciseFibroblast Growth Factor 1Physical ExertionExercise TestCell ProliferationExtracellular MatrixStromal CellsCell DifferentiationCell DivisionCulture MediaPatents as TopicHemochromatosisIronIron OverloadHepcidinsReceptors, TransferrinMutationTransferrin
Mice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred C3HAnimals, Outbred Strains: Animals that are generated from breeding two genetically dissimilar strains of the same species.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Animal Care Committees: Institutional committees established to protect the welfare of animals used in research and education. The 1971 NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals introduced the policy that institutions using warm-blooded animals in projects supported by NIH grants either be accredited by a recognized professional laboratory animal accrediting body or establish its own committee to evaluate animal care; the Public Health Service adopted a policy in 1979 requiring such committees; and the 1985 amendments to the Animal Welfare Act mandate review and approval of federally funded research with animals by a formally designated Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).IndianaAnimals, LaboratoryDiscrimination Learning: Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.Laboratory Animal Science: The science and technology dealing with the procurement, breeding, care, health, and selection of animals used in biomedical research and testing.Animal Welfare: The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.Individuality: Those psychological characteristics which differentiate individuals from one another.Gossypium: A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.Chemistry, Analytic: The branch of chemistry dealing with detection (qualitative) and determination (quantitative) of substances. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Fear: The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.Mice, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.Vaccines, DNA: Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.Bacterial Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.Mycobacterium: A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts.Vaccines, Synthetic: Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.Leucine Zippers: DNA-binding motifs formed from two alpha-helixes which intertwine for about eight turns into a coiled coil and then bifurcate to form Y shaped structures. Leucines occurring in heptad repeats end up on the same sides of the helixes and are adjacent to each other in the stem of the Y (the "zipper" region). The DNA-binding residues are located in the bifurcated region of the Y.Glucocorticoids: A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.Dexamethasone: An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Toll-Like Receptors: A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.Macrophages, Alveolar: Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells.Pulmonary Alveoli: Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors: Protein factors that promote the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors: Signaling proteins which function as master molecular switches by activating Rho GTPases through conversion of guanine nucleotides. Rho GTPases in turn control many aspects of cell behavior through the regulation of multiple downstream signal transduction pathways.ADP-Ribosylation Factors: MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that were initially recognized as allosteric activators of the MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE of the CHOLERA TOXIN catalytic subunit. They are involved in vesicle trafficking and activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE D. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors: A family of GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are specific for RAS PROTEINS.ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1: ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 is involved in regulating intracellular transport by modulating the interaction of coat proteins with organelle membranes in the early secretory pathway. It is a component of COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.Guanine NucleotidesGuanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.Fibroblast Growth Factor 2: A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).Fibroblast Growth Factors: A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor: Specific molecular sites or structures on cell membranes that react with FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS (both the basic and acidic forms), their analogs, or their antagonists to elicit or to inhibit the specific response of the cell to these factors. These receptors frequently possess tyrosine kinase activity.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Fibroblast Growth Factor 1: A 17-kDa single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. It binds to HEPARIN, which potentiates its biological activity and protects it from proteolysis. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages, and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities. It was originally named acidic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from basic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2).Physical Exertion: Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.Stromal Cells: Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Patents as Topic: Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.Hemochromatosis: A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)Iron: A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.Iron Overload: An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)Hepcidins: Forms of hepcidin, a cationic amphipathic peptide synthesized in the liver as a prepropeptide which is first processed into prohepcidin and then into the biologically active hepcidin forms, including in human the 20-, 22-, and 25-amino acid residue peptide forms. Hepcidin acts as a homeostatic regulators of iron metabolism and also possesses antimicrobial activity.Receptors, Transferrin: Membrane glycoproteins found in high concentrations on iron-utilizing cells. They specifically bind iron-bearing transferrin, are endocytosed with its ligand and then returned to the cell surface where transferrin without its iron is released.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.

Effect of sex difference on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by the rat. (1/92290)

Hepatic microsome-catalyzed metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxin Q1 and the "metabolic activation" of AFB1 to DNA-alylating metabolite(s) were studied in normal male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, in gonadectomized animals, and in castrated males and normal females treated with testosterone. Microsomes from male animals formed 2 to 5 times more aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin Q1, and DNA-alkylating metabolite(s) than those from females. Castration reduced the metabolism of AFB1 by the microsomes from males by about 50%, whereas ovariectomy had no significant effect on AFB1 metabolism by the microsomes from females. Testosterone treatment (4 mg/rat, 3 times/week for about 6 weeks) of castrated immature males and immature females enhanced the metabolism of AFB1 by their microsomes. A sex difference in the metabolism of AFB1 by liver microsomes was also seen in other strains of rats tested: Wistar, Long-Evans, and Fischer. The activity of kidney microsomes for metabolic activation was 1 to 4% that of the liver activity and was generally lower in microsomes from male rats as compared to those from female rats of Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Long-Evans strains. The in vitro results obtained with hepatic microsomes correlated well with the in vivo metabolism of AFB1, in that more AFB1 became bound in vivo to hepatic DNA isolated from male rats and from a female rat treated with testosterone than that isolated from control female rats. These data suggest that the differences in hepatic AFB1 metabolism may be the underlying cause of the sex difference in toxicity and carcinogenicity of AFB1 observed in rats.  (+info)

Tissue pharmacokinetics, inhibition of DNA synthesis and tumor cell kill after high-dose methotrexate in murine tumor models. (2/92290)

In Sarcoma 180 and L1210 ascites tumor models, the initial rate of methotrexate accumulation in tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity and in small intestine (intracellularly) after s.c. doses up to 800 mg/kg, showed saturation kinetics. These results and the fact that initial uptake in these tissues within this dosage range was inhibited to the expected relative extent by the simultaneous administration of leucovorin suggest that carrier mediation and not passive diffusion is the major route of drug entry at these extremely high doses. Maximum accumulation of intracellular drug occurred within 2 hr and reached much higher levels in small intestine than in tumor cells at the higher dosages. At a 3-mg/kg dose of methotrexate s.c., intracellular exchangeable drug levels persisted more than four times longer in L1210 cells than in small intestine, but differences in persistence (L1210 cell versus gut) diminished markedly with increasing dosage. At 96 mg/kg, the difference in persistence was less than 2-fold. In small intestine and L1210 cells, theduration of inhibition of DNA synthesis at different dosages correlated with the extent to which exchangeable drug was retained. Toxic deaths occurred when inhibition in small intestine lasted longer than 25 to 30 hr. Recovery of synthesis in small intestine and L1210 cells occurred synchronously and only below dosages of 400 mg/kg. Within 24 hr after dosages of greater than 24 mg/kg, the rate of tumor cell loss increased to a point characterized by a single exponential (t1/2=8.5 hr). The total cell loss, but not the rate of cell loss, was dose dependent.  (+info)

Explanations for the clinical and microscopic localization of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris. (3/92290)

Patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) have blisters on skin, but not mucous membranes, whereas patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) develop blisters on mucous membranes and/or skin. PF and PV blisters are due to loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in the superficial and deep epidermis, respectively. PF autoantibodies are directed against desmoglein (Dsg) 1; PV autoantibodies bind Dsg3 or both Dsg3 and Dsg1. In this study, we test the hypothesis that coexpression of Dsg1 and Dsg3 in keratinocytes protects against pathology due to antibody-induced dysfunction of either one alone. Using passive transfer of pemphigus IgG to normal and DSG3(null) neonatal mice, we show that in the areas of epidermis and mucous membrane that coexpress Dsg1 and Dsg3, antibodies against either desmoglein alone do not cause spontaneous blisters, but antibodies against both do. In areas (such as superficial epidermis of normal mice) where Dsg1 without Dsg3 is expressed, anti-Dsg1 antibodies alone can cause blisters. Thus, the anti-desmoglein antibody profiles in pemphigus sera and the normal tissue distributions of Dsg1 and Dsg3 determine the sites of blister formation. These studies suggest that pemphigus autoantibodies inhibit the adhesive function of desmoglein proteins, and demonstrate that either Dsg1 or Dsg3 alone is sufficient to maintain keratinocyte adhesion.  (+info)

Bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone is strikingly diminished in collagenase-resistant mutant mice. (4/92290)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone resorption by acting directly on osteoblasts/stromal cells and then indirectly to increase differentiation and function of osteoclasts. PTH acting on osteoblasts/stromal cells increases collagenase gene transcription and synthesis. To assess the role of collagenase in the bone resorptive actions of PTH, we used mice homozygous (r/r) for a targeted mutation (r) in Col1a1 that are resistant to collagenase cleavage of type I collagen. Human PTH(1-34) was injected subcutaneously over the hemicalvariae in wild-type (+/+) or r/r mice four times daily for three days. Osteoclast numbers, the size of the bone marrow spaces and periosteal proliferation were increased in calvariae from PTH-treated +/+ mice, whereas in r/r mice, PTH-induced bone resorption responses were minimal. The r/r mice were not resistant to other skeletal effects of PTH because abundant interstitial collagenase mRNA was detected in the calvarial periosteum of PTH-treated, but not vehicle-treated, r/r and +/+ mice. Calcemic responses, 0.5-10 hours after intraperitoneal injection of PTH, were blunted in r/r mice versus +/+ mice. Thus, collagenase cleavage of type I collagen is necessary for PTH induction of osteoclastic bone resorption.  (+info)

GM-CSF-deficient mice are susceptible to pulmonary group B streptococcal infection. (5/92290)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene-targeted mice (GM-/-) cleared group B streptococcus (GBS) from the lungs more slowly than wild-type mice. Expression of GM-CSF in the respiratory epithelium of GM-/- mice improved bacterial clearance to levels greater than that in wild-type GM+/+ mice. Acute aerosolization of GM-CSF to GM+/+ mice significantly enhanced clearance of GBS at 24 hours. GBS infection was associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration in lungs of GM-/- mice, while macrophage infiltrates predominated in wild-type mice, suggesting an abnormality in macrophage clearance of bacteria in the absence of GM-CSF. While phagocytosis of GBS was unaltered, production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide was markedly deficient in macrophages from GM-/- mice. Lipid peroxidation, assessed by measuring the isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2alpha, was decreased in the lungs of GM-/- mice. GM-CSF plays an important role in GBS clearance in vivo, mediated in part by its role in enhancing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages.  (+info)

A new element within the T-cell receptor alpha locus required for tissue-specific locus control region activity. (6/92290)

Locus control regions (LCRs) are cis-acting regulatory elements thought to provide a tissue-specific open chromatin domain for genes to which they are linked. The gene for T-cell receptor alpha chain (TCRalpha) is exclusively expressed in T cells, and the chromatin at its locus displays differentially open configurations in expressing and nonexpressing tissues. Mouse TCRalpha exists in a complex locus containing three differentially regulated genes. We previously described an LCR in this locus that confers T-lineage-specific expression upon linked transgenes. The 3' portion of this LCR contains an unrestricted chromatin opening activity while the 5' portion contains elements restricting this activity to T cells. This tissue-specificity region contains four known DNase I hypersensitive sites, two located near transcriptional silencers, one at the TCRalpha enhancer, and another located 3' of the enhancer in a 1-kb region of unknown function. Analysis of this region using transgenic mice reveals that the silencer regions contribute negligibly to LCR activity. While the enhancer is required for complete LCR function, its removal has surprisingly little effect on chromatin structure or expression outside the thymus. Rather, the region 3' of the enhancer appears responsible for the tissue-differential chromatin configurations observed at the TCRalpha locus. This region, herein termed the "HS1' element," also increases lymphoid transgene expression while suppressing ectopic transgene activity. Thus, this previously undescribed element is an integral part of the TCRalphaLCR, which influences tissue-specific chromatin structure and gene expression.  (+info)

Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. (7/92290)

ICAM-2-deficient mice exhibit prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium concomitant with a delayed increase in eosinophil numbers in the airway lumen during the development of allergic lung inflammation. The ICAM-2-dependent increased and prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium results in prolonged, heightened airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal an essential role for ICAM-2 in the development of the inflammatory and respiratory components of allergic lung disease. This phenotype is caused by the lack of ICAM-2 expression on non-hematopoietic cells. ICAM-2 deficiency on endothelial cells causes reduced eosinophil transmigration in vitro. ICAM-2 is not essential for lymphocyte homing or the development of leukocytes, with the exception of megakaryocyte progenitors, which are significantly reduced.  (+info)

Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. (8/92290)

The two genetically established antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages are production of reactive oxygen intermediates by phagocyte oxidase (phox) and reactive nitrogen intermediates by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Mice doubly deficient in both enzymes (gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-)) formed massive abscesses containing commensal organisms, mostly enteric bacteria, even when reared under specific pathogen-free conditions with antibiotics. Neither parental strain showed such infections. Thus, phox and NOS2 appear to compensate for each other's deficiency in providing resistance to indigenous bacteria, and no other pathway does so fully. Macrophages from gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-) mice could not kill virulent Listeria. Their killing of S. typhimurium, E. coli, and attenuated Listeria was markedly diminished but demonstrable, establishing the existence of a mechanism of macrophage antibacterial activity independent of phox and NOS2.  (+info)

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Subjects. Twelve DBA/2J male mice, 13 DBA/2J female mice, 12 C57BL/6J male mice, and 12 C57BL/6J female mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME). The animals were 9 to 10 weeks old at the beginning of discrimination training and were individually housed on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. The mice were weighed and allowed to acclimate to the laboratory for 2 weeks before training began. All mice were fed enough rodent chow (Harlan, Indianapolis, IN) at least 1 h postsession to maintain a body weight between 20 and 30 g. The Wake Forest University School of Medicine Animal Care and Use Committee approved all procedures involving these mice and procedures were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.. Apparatus. Drug discrimination sessions took place in standard two lever mouse operant-conditioning chambers (MED Associates, St. Albans, VT). Each chamber was equipped with two levers on the front wall of ...
Malignant transformation in vitro of cells from c57bl mouse normal pul by G Barski and R Cassingena"Malignant transformation in vitro of cells from c57bl mouse normal pul" by G Barski and R Cassingena
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Animals. The contractile performance was studied in five young (9-14 wk of age) male TR-α1-deficient mice and five wild-type control animals of the same age and weight (28-35 g). The force-frequency relationship (see below) was studied also in muscles from four female TR-α1-deficient mice and four wild-type control mice of the same age and weight. The TR-α1-deficient mice represent a cross between the SV-129/OLa and BALB/c (30). Contractile studies were performed on four male TR-β-deficient (12) and four control mice of the same age and weight as above. This group of mice has a mixed 129/Sv and C57Bl/6J genetic background, and was generated from TR-β+/ − heterozygote backcrosses. The wild-type mice were obtained from crosses of heterozygote TR-α1- or TR-β-deficient mice. The two homozygote wild-type strains were bred in parallel with the respective knockout strains. Thus the knockout strains have the same genetic background as their respective knockout strains: 129/Ola and BALB/c for ...
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Further information can be found in Supplemental Methods.. Mice, drugs, and tumor cell lines. C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Splenectomized and sham-operated C57BL/6, Batf3-/- (B6.129S(C)-Batf3tm1Kmm/J), zDC-DTR (B6(Cg)-Zbtb46tm1(HBEGF)Mnz/J), CD45.1, OT-I, OT-II, Gja1fl/fl (B6.129S7-Gja1tm1Dlg/J), CD11c-Cre (B6.Cg-Tg(Itgax-cre)1-1Reiz/J), B2m-/- (B6.129P2-B2mtm1Unc/J), MHCII-/- (B6.129S2-H2dlAb1-Ea/J), Ccr2-/- (B6.129S4-Ccr2tm1Ifc/J), and Ccr7-/- (B6.129P2(C)-Ccr7tm1Rfor/J) mice were from The Jackson Laboratory. zDC-DTR BM chimeras were generated by IV injection of 5 × 106 BM cells from zDC-DTR homozygous mice into CD45.1+ or CD45.2+ C57BL/6 recipient mice that had been myeloablated 4 weeks earlier as previously described (74) with some modifications. In brief, recipient mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with busulfan (25 μg/g; MilliporeSigma) on 2 consecutive days, followed by IV injection of donor BM cells 2 days later. DT (MilliporeSigma) was injected ...
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VÒNG BI NSK BL210, BẠC ĐẠN NSK BL 210, BL210-NSK, NSK-BL210, BL210NSK, NSK BL210Z, BL210Z-NSK, NSK-BL210Z, BL210Z NSK, NSK BL210ZZ, BL210ZZ-NSK, NSK-BL210ZZ ... Hàng chính hãng, giá cạnh tranh, dịch vụ chu đáo, hỗ trợ 24/7, vui lòng .... ...
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Compare BL KASHYAP & SONS with Zandu Realty - EquitymasterCompare BL KASHYAP & SONS with Zandu Realty - Equitymaster
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Rose Plus Brightening ComplexRose Plus Brightening Complex
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CD34 expression on long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells changes during developmental stages<...CD34 expression on long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells changes during developmental stages<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - CD34 expression on long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells changes during developmental stages. AU - Matsuoka, Sahoko. AU - Ebihara, Yasuhiro. AU - Xu, Ming Jiang. AU - Ishii, Takefumi. AU - Sugiyama, Daisuke. AU - Yoshino, Hiroshi. AU - Ueda, Takahiro. AU - Manabe, Atsushi. AU - Tanaka, Ryuhei. AU - Ikeda, Yasuo. AU - Nakahata, Tatsutoshi. AU - Tsuji, Kohichiro. PY - 2001/1/15. Y1 - 2001/1/15. N2 - The CD34 antigen serves as an important marker for primitive hematopoietic cells in therapeutic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and gene therapy, but it has remained an open question as to whether or not most HSC express CD34. Using a competitive long-term reconstitution assay, the results of this study confirm developmental changes in CD34 expression on murine HSC. In fetuses and neonates, CD34 was expressed on Lin-c-Kit+ long-term repopulating HSC of bone marrow (BM), liver, and spleen. However, CD34 expression on HSC decreased with aging, and in mice older ...
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IN NZB/BL MICE | JEMAUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IN NZB/BL MICE | JEM
The transplantation of spleen cells from old NZB/Bl mice with renal disease induced both the structural and the functional changes of membranous glomerulonephritis in young NZB/Bl mice within a few weeks and well in advance of its usual spontaneous occurrence. The development of hypergammaglobulinemia and lymphoid cell hyperplasia in the young mice indicated that immunologically competent cells, derived from either the transplant or the recipient, proliferated during this process. These experiments, together with other findings, provide further support for the view that membranous glomerulonephritis in NZB/Bl mice is produced by immunological, and probably autoimmune, mechanisms and that the renal disease is apparently almost wholly unrelated to the hemolytic process.. ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | C57BL/KsJ-db/db-ApcMin/+ Mice Exhibit an Increased Incidence of Intestinal Neoplasms | NotesIJMS | Free Full-Text | C57BL/KsJ-db/db-ApcMin/+ Mice Exhibit an Increased Incidence of Intestinal Neoplasms | Notes
The numbers of obese people and diabetic patients are ever increasing. Obesity and diabetes are high-risk conditions for chronic diseases, including certain types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to develop a novel animal model in order to clarify the pathobiology of CRC development in obese and diabetic patients. We developed an animal model of obesity and colorectal cancer by breeding the C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mouse, an animal model of obesity and type II diabetes, and the C57BL/6J-ApcMin/+ (Min/+) mouse, a model of familial adenomatous polyposis. At 15 weeks of age, the N9 backcross generation of C57BL/KsJ-db/db-ApcMin/+ (db/db-Min/+) mice developed an increased incidence and multiplicity of adenomas in the intestinal tract when compared to the db/m-Min/+ and m/m-Min/+ mice. Blood biochemical profile showed significant increases in insulin (8.3-fold to 11.7-fold), cholesterol (1.2-fold to 1.7-fold), and triglyceride (1.2-fold to 1.3-fold) in the db/db-Min/+ mice
CD105 MultiSort Kit (PE), mouse - Hematopoietic stem cells - MicroBeads and Isolation Kits - Cell separation reagents - MACS...CD105 MultiSort Kit (PE), mouse - Hematopoietic stem cells - MicroBeads and Isolation Kits - Cell separation reagents - MACS...
The CD105 MultiSort Kit (PE), mouse has been developed for the isolation of CD105+ cells or cell subsets, including vascular endothelial cells from mouse tissue or cell cultures long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LTR-HSCs) from mouse bone marrow when used in combination with the Anti-Sca-1 MicroBead Kit (FITC). - USA
The High-Fat Diet-Fed Mouse | DiabetesThe High-Fat Diet-Fed Mouse | Diabetes
This study characterizes the high-fat diet-fed mouse as a robust model for IGT and early type 2 diabetes. This model was initially described by Surwit et al. in 1988 (8), and the model has been shown to be most efficient in C57BL/6J mice compared with other strains (20-22). We show here by accumulated data on a large number of animals belonging to this strain that a high-fat diet results in increased body weight gain and over time a stable hyperglycemia but a progressively increased hyperinsulinemia, indicating progressive worsening of insulin resistance. Furthermore, already after 1 week on the diet, baseline plasma glucose and insulin were significantly elevated and IVGTTs showed reduced glucose elimination and impaired insulin secretion (particularly the AIR). The model thus shows two important mechanistic characteristics for IGT and type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance and islet dysfunction.. The growth curves for this 1-year study could be divided into two phases-one initial phase with more ...
In vivo microRNA-155 expression influences antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses generated by DNA vaccination |...In vivo microRNA-155 expression influences antigen-specific T cell-mediated immune responses generated by DNA vaccination |...
MicroRNA (miRNA) molecules are potent mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing that are emerging to be critical in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Here we report that miR-155--an oncogenic miRNA with important function in the mammalian immune system--is induced in dendritic cells (DCs) upon maturation and potentially attenuates their ability to activate T cells. Biolistic epidermal transfection with DNA encoding miR-155 suppressed the induction of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immunity, whereas reduction of endogenous miR-155 by a partially complementary antisense sequence reversed this effect. Because DCs represent a significant component of epidermal tissue and are among the most potent of antigen-presenting cells, the inhibitory actions of miR-155 could be mediated through this subset of cells. These results suggest that miR-155 may repress the expression of key molecules involved in lymph node migration, antigen presentation, or T cell activation in DCs, and thus forms
A Phase III Study of Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govA Phase III Study of Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
LLN=lower limit of normal; ULN=upper limit of normal; BL=baseline. Sodium, serum (mEq/L):low if ,0.95*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.95*LLN when BL missing or LLN ≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.05*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.05*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; potassium(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; chloride(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL ≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10* ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; calcium(mg/dL):low if ,0.75*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.80*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.25*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN if BL,LLN or ,1.20*ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN ; bicarbonate(mEq/L):low if ,0.75*BL when BL,LLN or ,LLN when BL,ULN or ,0.75*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ...
A Phase III Study of Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govA Phase III Study of Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
LLN=lower limit of normal; ULN=upper limit of normal; BL=baseline. Sodium, serum (mEq/L):low if ,0.95*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.95*LLN when BL missing or LLN ≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.05*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.05*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; potassium(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10*ULN when BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; chloride(mEq/L):low if ,0.90*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.90*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL ≤ULN, high if ,1.10*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN and BL,LLN or ,1.10* ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN; calcium(mg/dL):low if ,0.75*BL and BL,LLN or ,LLN and BL,ULN or ,0.80*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ,1.25*BL and BL,ULN or ,ULN if BL,LLN or ,1.20*ULN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN ; bicarbonate(mEq/L):low if ,0.75*BL when BL,LLN or ,LLN when BL,ULN or ,0.75*LLN if BL missing or LLN≤BL≤ULN, high if ...
Absence of altered autophagy after myocardial ischemia in diabetic compared with nondiabetic mice. - Semantic ScholarAbsence of altered autophagy after myocardial ischemia in diabetic compared with nondiabetic mice. - Semantic Scholar
OBJECTIVES The extent of autophagy in myocardium following persistent ischemia and the effects of insulin resistance and diabetes on cardiac autophagy following myocardial infarction (MI) have not been well elucidated. It is generally thought that autophagy reflects the nutritional status of cells, presumably alterable by diabetes. It has been conjectured that diminution of autophagy early after the onset of MI may preserve jeopardized myocardium thereby improving prognosis. METHODS Ten-week-old nondiabetic C57BL6 mice, 20-week-old diabetic and nondiabetic C57BL6 mice were subjected to MI for 4 weeks. Hearts from these mice were harvested and assayed for markers of autophagy. RESULT Hearts of 10-week-old C57BL6 mice subjected to 4 weeks of MI had similar levels of LC3-II, a protein indicator of autophagy, as measured by western blotting compared with hearts from sham operated controls. In 20-week-old C57BL6 mice rendered diabetic by feeding a high-fat diet, the amounts of autophagy were comparable
Incidence and severity of K/BxN serum transfer-induced | Open-iIncidence and severity of K/BxN serum transfer-induced | Open-i
Incidence and severity of K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis are not reduced in IL-36 receptor (R) knockout (KO) mice. Incidence of arthritis (A), arthritis
Individual differences in the antibody response of inbred C57Bl/6J mice and their relation to individual differences in open...Individual differences in the antibody response of inbred C57Bl/6J mice and their relation to individual differences in open...
Rodents of an inbred strain display large variations in several behaviors: sucrose preference (Strekalova & Steinbusch, 2010), fear conditioning (Siegmund, Kaltwasser, Holsboer, Czisch, & Wotjak., 2009), decrease in social interaction after social defeat (Krishnan et al., 2007), ambulation in the open-field and the elevated plus-maze (Vidal, 2015). Variations of physiological variables (weight, course of infection, stress response) in inbred animals have also been reported (Gärtner, 2012). This variability, which is not readily explained by genetics or environment, has been termed intangible variation, developmental noise (Blewitt, Chong, & Whitelaw, 2004; Falconer, 1989) or third component (Gärtner, 2012). The author of the present report could not find studies documenting individual differences in the antibody response within an inbred mouse strain; therefore, one goal of this report was to find out if such differences occurred in mice of the C57Bl/6J inbred strain.. A set of correlated ...
The Importation of Hematogenous Precursors by the Thymus Is a Gated Phenomenon in Normal Adult Mice | Journal of Experimental...The Importation of Hematogenous Precursors by the Thymus Is a Gated Phenomenon in Normal Adult Mice | Journal of Experimental...
Integrated scheme of the kinetics of prothymocyte gating, occupation of microenvironmental niches, and generation of thymocytes in normal mice. Clusters of vertical arrows represent receptive periods (open gate) and horizontal black bars represent refractory periods (closed gate) for importation of hematogenous prothymocytes. Shaded triangles represent filling/equilibration (up slope) and emptying (down slope) phases of occupation of a finite number of intrathymic niches by prothymocytes and their immediate descendants. Dashed, dotted, and mixed symbol curves represent sequential waves of thymocytopoiesis, each generated by the gated importation of a saturating wave of prothymocytes. The lag period of thymocytopoiesis corresponds roughly to the filling/equilibration phase of occupation of the intrathymic niches. The duration of each wave of thymocytopoiesis exceeds the periodicity of gate-opening by twofold, so as to maintain relatively constant levels of total thymocytes. Gate closing appears ...
Type I interferon suppresses virus-specific B cell responses by modulating CD8+ T cell differentiation | Science ImmunologyType I interferon suppresses virus-specific B cell responses by modulating CD8+ T cell differentiation | Science Immunology
Certain pathogens, including HIV and hepatitis viruses, that lead to persistent infections are often associated with suboptimal antibody responses. Using LCMV infection in mice, Fallet et al., Moseman et al., and Sammicheli et al. report that up-regulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) in the early phase of infection is a key contributor to premature deletion of virus-specific B cells. Blockade of IFN-I prevents B cell deletion. Although the studies agree that IFN-I does not act directly on B cells, they found that distinct immune cells mediate IFN-I-dependent deletion of B cells, depending on the system examined. Targeting of the IFN-I pathway could be used to restore B cell responses during persistent viral infections in humans. ...
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15-Lipoxygenase-2 (ALOX15B), an oxidoreductase in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, is a functional tumor suppressor whose expression is reduced in a variety of human cancers. To determine the roles of ALOX15B in carcinogenesis, we generated transgenic mice with ALOX8, the murine homolog of ALOX15B, knocked out. ALOX8 expression at mRNA level was abolished in homozygous knockout mice and reduced to half of wild type in heterozygous knockout mice. Its observed that homozygous female ALOX8 knockout mice are infertile but male ALOX8 knockout mice are fertile. Increased incidence of tumor as uni or multimass was found in the lung, prostate and in the mesentery region of homozygous and heterozygous ALOX8 knockout mice, when compared with little mate wild type mice. Histological evaluations showed an increase in secondary tumors and inflammation in different tissues like lung and large intestine in mice with ALOX8 knocked out. The transgenic mice could be a good model to study the role of ...
Scurfin (FoxP3) Controls T-Dependent Immune Responses In Vivo Through Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Effector Function | The Journal...Scurfin (FoxP3) Controls T-Dependent Immune Responses In Vivo Through Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Effector Function | The Journal...
In this report, we show that overexpression of scurfin in FoxP3 Tg mice results in the inability to mount an effective humoral immune response. FoxP3 Tg mice displayed lower levels of circulating IgG when compared with their nontransgenic littermates, and had a dramatically reduced response when challenged with a specific Ag. However, B cells from FoxP3 Tg mice produced normal levels of Ig when stimulated in vitro, suggesting that a defect in T cell-derived help was responsible for the phenotype seen in these mice. Three additional lines of evidence support this hypothesis. First, T cells from FoxP3 Tg mice failed to provide help to B cells from NLC mice. Second, CD4+ T cells from FoxP3 Tg mice failed to up-regulate CD40L and CD69 expression when stimulated. Finally, significantly fewer IL-4- and IFN-γ-producing splenic T cells were generated in immunized FoxP3 Tg mice as compared with NLC mice. Overall, these findings suggest that the poor Ag-specific Ab response generated by FoxP3 Tg mice ...
Myeloid Expression of Adenosine A2A Receptor Suppresses T and NK Cell Responses in the Solid Tumor Microenvironment | Cancer...Myeloid Expression of Adenosine A2A Receptor Suppresses T and NK Cell Responses in the Solid Tumor Microenvironment | Cancer...
Cancer immunotherapy is emerging as a treatment option for patients with late-stage tumors (23, 24). Modulating tumor microenvironments by antagonizing tumor-associated negative immune regulators such as PD-1, TGFβ, or adenosine has been viewed as an attractive treatment strategy (25, 26). In the current study, we found that myeloid-selective deletion of Adora2a slowed tumor growth and significantly increased activation markers, IL12 and MHCII, on macrophages without affecting ex vivo cytotoxicity. Myeloid-selective deletion of the A2AR also decreased ,90% IL10 production by tumor-associated macrophages, DCs, and MDSCs. This was associated with increased NK and CD8+ T-cell numbers, CD44 expression, and T-cell IFNγ production in the tumor.. Deletion of A2ARs from T cells causes T-cell activation, but reduces T-cell survival and memory cell differentiation in the solid tumor environment (27). Consequently, selective deletion of T-cell Adora2a sometimes reduces T-cell numbers and enhances the ...
Frontiers | B Cells Are Indispensable for a Novel Mouse Model of Primary Sjögrens Syndrome | ImmunologyFrontiers | B Cells Are Indispensable for a Novel Mouse Model of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome | Immunology
Primary Sjögrens syndrome (pSS) is characterized by a panel of autoantbodies, while it is not clear whether B cells and autoantibodies play an essential role in pathogenesis of the disease. Here we report a novel mouse model for pSS which is induced by immunization with the Ro60_316-335 peptide containing a predominant T cell epitope. After immunization, mice developed several symptoms mimicking pSS, including a decreased secretion of tears, lymphocytic infiltration into the lacrimal glands, autoantibodies and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Disease susceptibility to this novel mouse model varies among strains, where C3H/HeJ (H2-k) and C3H/HeN (H2-k) are susceptible while DBA/1 (H2-q) and C57BL/6 (H2-b) are resistant. Depletion of B cells using anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies prevented C3H/HeN mice from development of the pSS-like disease. In addition, HLA-DRB1*0803, a pSS risk allele, was predicted to bind to the hRo60_308-328 which contains a predominant T cell epitope of human Ro60.
A1.21 Inhibitory potential of specific acpas in two mouse subspecies genetically separated about one million years ago | Annals...A1.21 Inhibitory potential of specific acpas in two mouse subspecies genetically separated about one million years ago | Annals...
Results The wild-derived mouse strain PWD/Ph was highly susceptible to CAIA induced arthritis, whereas the classical laboratory strain C57BL/6J was resistant. Mice carrying chromosomes 5 or 12 from PWD on a B6 background display a B6-like phenotype in the CAIA model as well as the F1 hybrids (B6xPWD and PWDxB6) implicating the presence of dominant resistance modifiers in the C57BL/6J genetic background. The two mouse strains differ highly in their autoantigenic profile. Injecting specific monoclonal ACPAs reactive with the citrullintated H1 and H4 were able to block the CAIA induced arthritis. This inhibition can be explained in part by a Toll 9 dependent inhibition of osteoclasts. Moreover TLR2 activation via P.gingivalis LPS and lipomannan treated animals show a 80% reduction of arthritis score compared to E. coli LPS in a C57BL/6J CAIA model. Anti-collagen specific antibodies are increased in both strains B6 and PWD when arthritis is induced. Commercial CCP2 ELISA detected ACPA in animals ...
Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection |...Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection |...
It is generally viewed that the effects of IFN-I on clonal expansion in vivo are related largely via their actions on APCs and to some extent via skewing activated T cells toward a type I cytokine response (6-15). Our studies highlight a previously unappreciated role for IFN-I in causing clonal expansion via direct action on antigen-specific CD8 T cells. We think this effect was not appreciated in previous experiments that analyzed T cell responses directly in virally infected IFN-IR0 mice (16), in which neither T cells nor APCs can respond to IFN-I, possibly because (a) the infected IFN-IR0 mice may elicit altered innate responses and (b) the IFN-IR0 mice have a high persistent viral load that makes it difficult to dissociate effects because of the absence of IFN-I action from effects related to overwhelming viral loads (16, 17). For example, IFN-IR0 mice are known to elicit elevated levels of IL-12 (which may overcome the defect caused by IFN-IR0 deficiency on CD8 T cells; Fig. 8) because of ...
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Figure 5. Pretreatment of donor T cells with a c-Rel antagonist does not impair GVT activity. A, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients received C57BL/6 TCD BM cells with 2 × 106 C57BL/6 WT or c-Rel−/− T cells (syngeneic HSCT). Control mice received BM only. All groups received 1 × 105 luciferase-expressing EL4-TGL tumor cells on day 0. Survival curve is shown (n = 5-8). B, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients received 5 × 106 C57BL/6 WT or c-Rel−/− T cells (syngeneic HSCT). All groups received 1 × 106 EL4 tumor cells on day 0. Expression level of CD25 in donor-derived splenic CD8+ T cells on day 7 is shown. C, lethally irradiated BALB/c recipients were transplanted with C57BL/6 TCD BM cells with 2 × 106 C57BL/6 WT or c-Rel−/− T cells (allo-HSCT). Expression level of CD25 in donor-derived splenic CD8+ T cells on day 7 is shown. D, lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients received C57BL/6 TCD BM cells with 1 × 106 C57BL/6 Pmel1+/+ T cells (syngeneic HSCT). T cells were ...
Synergistic Activation of Macrophages via CD40 and TLR9 Results in T Cell Independent Antitumor Effects | The Journal of...Synergistic Activation of Macrophages via CD40 and TLR9 Results in T Cell Independent Antitumor Effects | The Journal of...
In the present study, we show that anti-CD40 can synergize with class B CpG in activating tumoricidal Mφ, which, in turn, mediated antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Class B CpGs are potent activators of both murine and human mononuclear phagocytes, and Mφ in particular (30, 33, 34, 44). Although CpG and LPS share many immunostimulatory properties, CpG seems to be less toxic in vivo due to stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes in a much more restricted manner (33, 34). Our data suggest that CpG and LPS might synergize with anti-CD40 in activating Mφ via different mechanisms, because CpG, but not LPS, synergized with anti-CD40 in C3H/HeJ mice. Our results also show that anti-CD40 synergized with CpG in activation of cytotoxic Mφ in a time- and order-dependent manner. The observed time-dependent up-regulation of TLR9 in response to anti-CD40 could account, at least in part, for the synergy between anti-CD40 and CpG. Thus, CD40-ligation of B cells resulted in augmented expression of TLR9 ...
New roles for an old cytokine : characterizing how exposure to Il-12 a by Aldo Fabian Vacaflores Salinas"New roles for an old cytokine : characterizing how exposure to Il-12 a" by Aldo Fabian Vacaflores Salinas
CD4 and CD8 T cells are constantly exposed to inflammatory signals that influence diverse functional outcomes during infections and certain autoimmune disorders. One of the signals controlling CD4 and CD8 T cell functions is the inflammatory cytokine IL-12. Previous studies have focused on how IL-12 regulates CD4 and CD8 T cell functions when present during or after the activation of the T cell receptor (TCR). However, based on murine studies, we have only recently begun to appreciate that exposure to inflammatory signals, driven in part by IL-12, could alter how CD4 and CD8 T cells respond to TCR stimulation. Although intriguing, these studies have left several questions unanswered. Does IL-12 similarly regulate the function of human T cells? If so, what is the exact molecular mechanism by which IL-12 mediates these effects? To address these critical questions, we examined how IL-12 pretreatment altered human CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to subsequent TCR stimulation. In CHAPTER III, we examined how
Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB/c and C57BL/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected...Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB/c and C57BL/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected...
Publikations-Datenbank der Fraunhofer Wissenschaftler und Institute: Aufsätze, Studien, Forschungsberichte, Konferenzbeiträge, Tagungsbände, Patente und Gebrauchsmuster
Gilat Awarded Over $10 Million for a Five-Year Service Project for 4G Backhaul Services in Latin AmericaGilat Awarded Over $10 Million for a Five-Year Service Project for 4G Backhaul Services in Latin America
Contract calls for providing coverage to half a million people in rural areas, with significant expansion potential valued at additional tens of millions of dollars over time Gilat Provides 4G Coverage to Half a Million People in LATAM Over $10M Awarded for Five Year Service ProjectPETAH TIKVA, Israel, Aug. 10, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. (NASDAQ, TASE: GILT), a worldwide leader in satellite networking technology, solutions and services, announces the award of over $10 Million for a five-year service project for 4G backhaul services in Latin America. The contract calls for providing coverage to half a million people in hundreds of sites in rural areas, with significant expansion potential valued at additional tens of millions of dollars over time. Gilat is working closely with the government and the private sector to provide connectivity this year to hundreds of villages via the 4G network. Gilat is heavily engaged in supplying the population with broadband connectivity and
Murine Dendritic Cell Cytokine PackageMurine Dendritic Cell Cytokine Package
The Murine Dendritic Cell Cytokine Package contains the key components required for the culturing of your mouse dendritic cells.|/p| The package
Fragmented communication between immune cells | ScienceFragmented communication between immune cells | Science
Immune cells constantly circulate in the body in search of pathogens or tissue damage. Because they move autonomously, immune cell trafficking must be tightly controlled and coordinated by extracellular cues. The main signals that guide immune cells are chemokines, small polypeptides that modulate the migratory behavior of cells. Remarkably, most chemokines are not only sensed but also secreted by immune cells, indicating that immune cells might either attract more of their own kind or trigger complex patterns of feedbacks between different cell populations. Such cascades might allow different immune cell types to orchestrate their sequential arrival at a site of infection (1). On page 1071 of this issue, Lim et al. (2) show that this is indeed the case with neutrophils and cytotoxic T cells, the former leaving a trail of cues for the latter to follow during the eradication of a viral infection. ...
BL218 NSK Bearing | Bl218 Max Type Ball Bearing: Amazon.comBL218 NSK Bearing | Bl218 Max Type Ball Bearing: Amazon.com
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NSK BL318Z bearing | Bearing Price 20% DiscountNSK BL318Z bearing | Bearing Price 20% Discount
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Table 3190Table 3190
Format of Logitech Mouse parameter table: Offset Size Description ) 00h WORD baud rate divided by 100 (serial mouse only) 02h WORD emulation (serial mouse only) 04h WORD report rate (serial mouse only) 06h WORD firmware revision (serial mouse only) 08h WORD 00h (serial mouse only) 0Ah WORD port (serial mouse only) 0Ch WORD physical buttons 0Eh WORD logical buttons ...
Blødning etter fødsel, unormal - NHI.noBlødning etter fødsel, unormal - NHI.no
2017 Norsk Helseinformatikk AS. Alle rettigheter er reservert. All informasjon på NHI.no er laget for å gi deg generell kunnskap og er ingen erstatning for innhenting av medisinsk råd eller behandling hos helsepersonell. Dersom du er syk eller trenger medisinsk hjelp av andre grunner, bør du oppsøke lege. NHI er uten ansvar for innholdet på eksterne websteder det er lenket til. Vi tillater ikke reklame for behandlere/ behandlingsmetoder i kommentarfeltene. Alle slike innlegg vil bli slettet.. ...
Sequence DetailSequence Detail
chr6:40953984-40975892, + strand. Annotation of mouse strain C57BL/6NJ genome assembly provided by GENCODE consortium. Distributed via Ensembl Release 92. Gene type: protein coding gene; Gene Name: Prss1 ...
Sequence DetailSequence Detail
chr15:106010884-106040265, + strand. Annotation of mouse strain C57BL/6NJ genome assembly provided by GENCODE consortium. Distributed via Ensembl Release 92. Gene type: protein coding gene; Gene Name: Tmprss12 ...
The Most Worthless NBA Free Agent Signings of 2011-12 Season | Bleacher ReportThe Most Worthless NBA Free Agent Signings of 2011-12 Season | Bleacher Report
Whether expected to be key contributors or free agency afterthoughts, these NBA players did not measure up during the 2011-2012 season. Disappointment comes in many various forms...
Dr Valentin FusterDr Valentin Fuster
In the Cardiology Masters section of European Cardiology Review we bring you an insight into the career of a key contributor to the field of cardiology.
Exam 2 FlashcardsExam 2 Flashcards
acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs ...
Monitoring Gene Ablation Efficacy | Knockout Models | genOwayMonitoring Gene Ablation Efficacy | Knockout Models | genOway
Validate the conditional Knockout efficacy by measuring a reporter gene expression and quantify the deletion in a specific tissue or cell.
LG BL152W Product Support :Manuals, Warranty & More | LG KenyaLG BL152W Product Support :Manuals, Warranty & More | LG Kenya
LG Get product support for the LG BL152W. Download BL152W manuals, documents, and software. View BL152W warranty information and schedule services.
pET47b proteins not expressing in BL21 (DE3) - Protein Expression and Purification - BioForumpET47b proteins not expressing in BL21 (DE3) - Protein Expression and Purification - BioForum
pET47b proteins not expressing in BL21 (DE3) - posted in Protein Expression and Purification: Hi there, I have a gene for a 25 kDa bacterial metallo protein placed into pET47b / BL21 (DE3). Ive done an expression trial and I cant see any bands for expression-- what are some of the options I can do to play around with to see if it can express?
What Are the Causes of Violent Coughing Bouts? | Livestrong.comWhat Are the Causes of Violent Coughing Bouts? | Livestrong.com
Coughing sometimes serves an important protective function by expelling materials from the airways so they do not reach the lungs. However, a cough is also a troubling symptom and represents one of the most common reasons why patients seek a physicians help.
Track 1: Cutting Edge Mini-Symposia - ISCTTrack 1: Cutting Edge Mini-Symposia - ISCT
Cutting Edge Mini-Symposia Track Our Cutting Edge Mini-Symposia track highlights advanced and cutting edge topics pertaining to CT technology and practice. Expert panel and audience-involved discussions provide context for the topics and voicing of diverging options. Cutting Edge Mini-Symposia Track Available At ISCT On-Demand
Not known Facts About ball by ballNot known Facts About ball by ball
rapid, warn and up-to-day. The new supervisor is de facto around the ball. op en wakker, aan die brand name, wakker يَقِظ، مُنْتَبِه، واعٍ бърз alerta na výši auf Draht på mærkerne; hurtig i vendingen; kvik γρήγορος, ενημερωμένος, σε ετοιμότητα estar al tanto, estar alerta tasemel هشیار و کاردان بودن ajan tasalla à la hauteur לִהְיוֹת בָּעִנייָנִים सावधान, किसी स्थिति से पूर्ण सम्पर्क रखना pripravan gyors siap siaga klár, með á nótunum aggiornato 有能である 빈틈 없이 kupinas naujų idėjų maleīgs; veikls peka bijdehand rask i vendingen/avtrekket; med på lekenbystry, zorientowany هوښيار او كارپوه alerta prompt, pe fază толковый na úrovni na nivoju u toku på alerten ตื่นตัว; กระตือรือร้น uyanık, olup bitenden haberdar 戰戰競競 спритний چاق ...
William J. SchwartzWilliam J. Schwartz
Coisogenic strainCoisogenic strain
BALB/cBALB/c
Pregnanolone (disambiguation)Pregnanolone (disambiguation)
Diet-induced obesity modelDiet-induced obesity model
Major urinary proteinsMajor urinary proteins
Abbie LathropAbbie Lathrop
Jan KleinJan Klein
C57C57
List of MeSH codes (B01)List of MeSH codes (B01)
B6B6
Laboratory mouseLaboratory mouse
C57BL/6C57BL/6
Inbred strainInbred strain
Recombinant inbred strainRecombinant inbred strain
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasisMouse models of breast cancer metastasis
Justin RhodesJustin Rhodes
NOG mouseNOG mouse
Helicobacter bilisHelicobacter bilis
National Institute of Nutrition, HyderabadNational Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
History of model organismsHistory of model organisms
Natural killer cellNatural killer cell
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Mice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred C3HAnimals, Outbred StrainsSpecies SpecificityAnimal Care CommitteesIndianaAnimals, LaboratoryDiscrimination LearningLaboratory Animal ScienceAnimal WelfareIndividualityGossypiumChemistry, AnalyticFearMice, Inbred StrainsMycobacterium tuberculosisVaccinesVaccines, DNATuberculosisBacterial VaccinesMycobacteriumVaccines, SyntheticLeucine ZippersGlucocorticoidsDexamethasoneTranscription FactorsToll-Like ReceptorsMacrophages, AlveolarPulmonary AlveoliGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsRho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsADP-Ribosylation Factorsras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsADP-Ribosylation Factor 1Guanine NucleotidesGuanosine DiphosphateFibroblast Growth Factor 2Fibroblast Growth FactorsReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorExerciseFibroblast Growth Factor 1Physical ExertionExercise TestCell ProliferationExtracellular MatrixStromal CellsCell DifferentiationCell DivisionCulture MediaPatents as TopicHemochromatosisIronIron OverloadHepcidinsReceptors, TransferrinMutationTransferrin
Characterization of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of the Neuroactive Steroid Pregnanolone in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J Inbred...Characterization of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of the Neuroactive Steroid Pregnanolone in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J Inbred...
C57BL/6 Mice | Black 6 Inbred Mouse Strain | Taconic BiosciencesC57BL/6 Mice | Black 6 Inbred Mouse Strain | Taconic Biosciences
Quantitative trait loci analysis for plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerosis susceptibility between inbred...Quantitative trait loci analysis for plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerosis susceptibility between inbred...
Experts and Doctors on inbred c57bl mice in Indianapolis, United StatesExperts and Doctors on inbred c57bl mice in Indianapolis, United States
Individual differences in the antibody response of inbred C57Bl/6J mice and their relation to individual differences in open...Individual differences in the antibody response of inbred C57Bl/6J mice and their relation to individual differences in open...
C57BL/6 and 129 inbred mouse strains differ in Gbp2 and Gbp2b expression in response to inflammatory stimuli in vivo. | CrickC57BL/6 and 129 inbred mouse strains differ in Gbp2 and Gbp2b expression in response to inflammatory stimuli in vivo. | Crick
MGI - Inbred Strains: C57BLMGI - Inbred Strains: C57BL
Mice, Inbred C57BL | Profiles RNSMice, Inbred C57BL | Profiles RNS
Mice, Inbred C57BL | Semantic ScholarMice, Inbred C57BL | Semantic Scholar
C57BL/6 inbred mice: C57BL/6JRccHsdC57BL/6 inbred mice: C57BL/6JRccHsd
Gene coding variant in Cas1 between the C57bl/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains: Linkage to a QTL for ethanol-induced...Gene coding variant in Cas1 between the C57bl/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains: Linkage to a QTL for ethanol-induced...
Library and Information Center - Vietnam National University of Hanoi - Mice, Inbred C57blLibrary and Information Center - Vietnam National University of Hanoi - Mice, Inbred C57bl
Differences in Adult Schistosoma Mansoni Worm Burden Requirements for the Establishment of Resistance to Reinfection in Inbred...Differences in Adult Schistosoma Mansoni Worm Burden Requirements for the Establishment of Resistance to Reinfection in Inbred...
Expression Quantitative Trait Loci: Replication, Tissue- and Sex-Specificity in Mice | GeneticsExpression Quantitative Trait Loci: Replication, Tissue- and Sex-Specificity in Mice | Genetics
Laboratory mouse - WikipediaLaboratory mouse - Wikipedia
Comparative analysis of different... preview & related info | MendeleyComparative analysis of different... preview & related info | Mendeley
Circadian timekeeping in BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred mouse strains by William J. Schwartz and Pamela Zimmerman"Circadian timekeeping in BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred mouse strains" by William J. Schwartz and Pamela Zimmerman
Plasticity of auditory cortex associated with sensorineural hearing loss in adult C57BL/6J micePlasticity of auditory cortex associated with sensorineural hearing loss in adult C57BL/6J mice
Differential effects of fat and sucrose on the development of obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J and A/J miceDifferential effects of fat and sucrose on the development of obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J and A/J mice
Acute exercise induces FGF21 expr... preview & related info | MendeleyAcute exercise induces FGF21 expr... preview & related info | Mendeley
Differentiation of bone metastases from prostate cancer and benign red marrow depositions of the pelvic bone with...Differentiation of bone metastases from prostate cancer and benign red marrow depositions of the pelvic bone with...
CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS INDUCED BY RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY IN STRAINS OF INBRED MICE | American Academy of PediatricsCONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS INDUCED BY RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY IN STRAINS OF INBRED MICE | American Academy of Pediatrics
Variation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity | BMC Neuroscience | Full TextVariation in the cortical area map of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice predicts strain identity | BMC Neuroscience | Full Text
Genetic sensitivity to hot-plate nociception in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains: Possible sex-specific mediation by δ...Genetic sensitivity to hot-plate nociception in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains: Possible sex-specific mediation by δ...
Inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J vary in sensitivity to a subset of bitter stimuli | BMC Genetics | Full TextInbred mouse strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J vary in sensitivity to a subset of bitter stimuli | BMC Genetics | Full Text
000663 - C57BL/6By000663 - C57BL/6By
Daniel O. Schmitt, Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology and Associate of the Duke Initiative for Science & SocietyDaniel O. Schmitt, Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology and Associate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society
C57BL/6 Mouse | Charles RiverC57BL/6 Mouse | Charles River
High-resolution contrast-enhanced microCT reveals the true three-dimensional morphology of the murine placenta | PNASHigh-resolution contrast-enhanced microCT reveals the true three-dimensional morphology of the murine placenta | PNAS
Microphthalmia and ocular infections in inbred C57 black miceMicrophthalmia and ocular infections in inbred C57 black mice
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Mice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred C3HAnimals, Outbred StrainsSpecies SpecificityAnimal Care CommitteesIndianaAnimals, LaboratoryDiscrimination LearningLaboratory Animal ScienceAnimal WelfareIndividualityGossypiumChemistry, AnalyticFearMice, Inbred StrainsMycobacterium tuberculosisVaccinesVaccines, DNATuberculosisBacterial VaccinesMycobacteriumVaccines, SyntheticLeucine ZippersGlucocorticoidsDexamethasoneTranscription FactorsToll-Like ReceptorsMacrophages, AlveolarPulmonary AlveoliGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsRho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsADP-Ribosylation Factorsras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsADP-Ribosylation Factor 1Guanine NucleotidesGuanosine DiphosphateFibroblast Growth Factor 2Fibroblast Growth FactorsReceptors, Fibroblast Growth FactorExerciseFibroblast Growth Factor 1Physical ExertionExercise TestCell ProliferationExtracellular MatrixStromal CellsCell DifferentiationCell DivisionCulture MediaPatents as TopicHemochromatosisIronIron OverloadHepcidinsReceptors, TransferrinMutationTransferrin
BALBSusceptibilityMetabolismGenesAbstractImmunologyNeuronsGenomeMyocardial InfarctionHumansGenetically engineeredDifferencesRecombinant inbred strainsBehavioralMaleSpontaneousCommonlyReceptorsOrigin6NTacPhenotypicGenetic backgroundSubstrainBehaviorMutationHomozygousRatsGeneticsMacrophagesExperimentalCytokinesTaconic BiosciencesDeficientLaboratory MouseTumorAtherosclerosisObesityPhysiologyLocusStrains differInfectionDifferHybridsStrain of mouseMarkedlyLinkageSublineReproducibilityCharacterizationMeSH000664MechanismCongenicAbnormalitiesInflammationModelsGermlineLeast 20HarborWidelyKnockout miceDifferentiallyNomenclatureVivoLiver
BALB20
  • A quasi-congenic QTL introgression strain carrying a low alcohol consumption gene from BALB/c has lower voluntary alcohol consumption than C57BL/6, with 96% of loci in common ( Vadasz et al, 1996 ). (jax.org)
  • The results indicate that 1 or more genetic loci influence the value of tau DD, and a large (50 min) difference in mean tau DD between 2 of the strains, BALB/cByJ and C57BL/6J, allowed further characterization of the origins and inheritance of the polymorphic expression of this circadian pacemaker property. (umassmed.edu)
  • this discrepancy was significantly greater and more variable in BALB/c than in C57BL/6 mice, though the interstrain difference in mean tau DD could not be attributed entirely to this effect. (umassmed.edu)
  • Reciprocal F1 hybrids of BALB/c x C57BL/6 matings revealed dominance of the C57BL/6 genotype, no sex linkage, and a significant (but small) maternal effect. (umassmed.edu)
  • Further study of inherited differences in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains may be a useful noninvasive experimental approach for investigation of the neurobiological substrates of circadian rhythmicity. (umassmed.edu)
  • BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice were purchased from CLEA Japan. (genetics.org)
  • We studied LT toxicity in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice. (jci.org)
  • BALB/cJ mice became terminally ill earlier and with higher frequency than C57BL/6J mice. (jci.org)
  • The vagus nerve was isolated in Balb/c and B6.129S mice, and placed either on a hook or cuff electrode. (springer.com)
  • Analysis of vagus neurograms in different mouse strains (Balb/c and C57BL/6) reveal no significant differences in baseline activity. (springer.com)
  • BALB/c (BALB) mice are considered an anxious strain in comparison to C57BL/6 (B6) mice in behavioral models of anxiety. (frontiersin.org)
  • For example, BALB mice are described as poor mothers and B6 mice as good mothers and mothering behavior in rodents has been reported to affect both anxiety and stress behaviors in offspring. (frontiersin.org)
  • By contrast, BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to infection with these organisms (12,13). (scielo.br)
  • Most of these genes do not map within the MHC systems of either humans or mice, including the SCL-1 gene implicated in the high susceptibility of BALB/c mice to infection with L. major (14). (scielo.br)
  • By contrast, BALB/c mice develop a typical Th2 response. (scielo.br)
  • In addition, targeted disruption of the IL-4 gene in BALB/c mice causes these animals, which are otherwise susceptible to infection with L. major , to become highly resistant to these organisms (19). (scielo.br)
  • However (and surprisingly), genetic disruption of the IL-4 gene of BALB/c mice can also generate animals that are as susceptible to infection with L. major as are wild-type conventional BALB/c mice (20). (scielo.br)
  • The reasons for this discrepancy depend on some circumstances such as infection with particular L. major sub-strains, due to the fact that IL-4 and/or IL-4 receptor signaling is not required to promote Th2 cell development and susceptibility in BALB/c mice (21). (scielo.br)
  • Briefly one hundred and twenty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups as LT, LB, LBT and control groups. (omicsonline.org)
  • Strikingly, across a multidimensional set of 115 behavioral parameters, several strains consistently ranked high in within-strain variability (DBA/2J, 129S1/Sv A/J and NOD/LtJ), whereas other strains ranked low (C57BL/6J and BALB/c). (deepdyve.com)
Susceptibility9
Metabolism1
  • METHODS AND RESULTS: We first investigate the metabolism of -shogaol in mouse urine, and then investigate the biotransformation of shogaols in human urine. (biomedsearch.com)
Genes20
  • To study the physiological functions of Gbp family members, the most commonly chosen in vivo models are mice harbouring loss-of-function mutations in either individual Gbp genes or the entire Gbp gene cluster on mouse chromosome 3. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Here, we compare findings from two large genetic crosses between mouse strains C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J to evaluate the reliability of distal eQTL detection, including "hotspots" influencing the expression of multiple genes in trans . (genetics.org)
  • 6 ] have employed gene expression array analysis of the dissected embryonic (16.5d) mouse cerebral cortex to expand the list of genes regionally expressed, and noted that regional differences in expression of genes in the cortical plate should eventually convert into functionally distinct cortical areas with anatomically distinguishable borders after birth. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Genetic engineering of the mouse genome identified many genes that are essential for embryogenesis. (pnas.org)
  • The laboratory mouse genome has been sequenced and many mouse genes have human homologues. (wikipedia.org)
  • RATIONALE: Changing the genes in laboratory mice to create a living model of human breast cancer may help doctors learn more about breast cancer. (bioportfolio.com)
  • of these, 11 were expressed in the skin (5 epidermic cytokeratin and 6 hard keratin genes), but none were mutated in hague mice. (genetics.org)
  • One possible approach to the understanding of the molecular events involved in the development and cyclic life of these tiny organs might be to generate knockout mice for the genes that are known to be expressed in the hair follicle ( Y amanishi 1998 ) and then to observe carefully the consequences, if any, of these engineered mutations. (genetics.org)
  • Another approach is to identify at the molecular level, by positional cloning, the genes that are affected in the many mouse hair mutations available. (genetics.org)
  • The positional cloning of mutant alleles, even if it requires the breeding of a large quantity of mice, is more general and results in many instances in the identification of previously unknown genes. (genetics.org)
  • Remarkable advances in molecular genetics have provided powerful tools to investigate the relationships between genes and behaviors in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the phenotypes of mutant mice are strongly influenced by genetic background, including flanking alleles, as well as the targeted genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • To investigate the roles of the Period genes in photic entrainment, we constructed phase response curves (PRC) to light pulses for C57BL/6J wild-type, Per1 −/− , Per2 −/− , and Per3 −/− mice and tested whether the PRCs accurately predict entrainment to non-24 light-dark cycles (T-cycles) and constant light (LL). (jneurosci.org)
  • To understand the roles of the Per genes in the entrainment mechanism, we obtained complete PRCs to light pulses from C57BL/6J Per mutant mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we utilized an integrated approach of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq to investigate the transcriptome expression and regulation of host genes in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mouse strains during influenza virus infection. (springer.com)
  • With the introduction of temporal expression pattern analysis, we demonstrated that host factors responsible for influenza virus replication and host-virus interaction were significantly enriched in genes exhibiting distinct temporal dynamics between different inbred mouse lines. (springer.com)
  • Supplementary Fig. S2 showed the differential expression levels (log2-fold change) of 10 interferon-stimulated genes between infected and mock-treated mice at day 3. (springer.com)
  • Supplementary Fig. S3 showed the characteristics of genes differentially expressed between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J over time. (springer.com)
  • A) Heatmap of genes differentially expressed between strains (strain-specific DEGs) showed distinct expression patterns between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. (springer.com)
  • Expression array analysis was performed on endothelial cell RNA isolated from control and hyperlipidemic prelesion mouse aortas, and 797 differentially expressed genes were identified. (ahajournals.org)
Abstract1
Immunology1
Neurons2
  • Responses were compared with those in mice deficient in the cold/menthol receptor, TRPM8, expressed in trigeminal sensory neurons innervating the oral cavity. (bmj.com)
  • In a transgenic mouse model of measles virus (MV) infection of neurons, we have previously shown that the host T-cell response was required for resolution of infection in susceptible adult mice. (asm.org)
Genome3
Myocardial Infarction1
Humans6
  • In humans and mice alike, GBPs restrict the intracellular replication of invasive microbes and promote inflammation. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Acute exercise induces FGF21 expression in mice and in healthy humans. (mendeley.com)
  • Mice belong to the Euarchontoglires clade, which includes humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • This close relationship, the associated high homology with humans, their ease of maintenance and handling, and their high reproduction rate, make mice particularly suitable models for human-oriented research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice are mammals of the Glires clade ( a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants), which means they are amongst the closest relatives of humans along with lagomorphs, treeshrews, flying lemurs and other primates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibitory receptors specific for MHC class I molecules have been identified in mice and humans. (pnas.org)
Genetically engineered4
Differences12
Recombinant inbred strains2
Behavioral8
  • To investigate the behavioral characteristics of C57BL/6 substrains, we subjected C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, and C57BL/6C mice to a behavior test battery. (frontiersin.org)
  • We performed both a regular scale analysis, in which experimental conditions were tightly controlled, and large-scale analysis from large number of behavioral data that we have collected so far through the comprehensive behavioral test battery applied to 700-2,200 mice in total. (frontiersin.org)
  • Characterization of these two mouse inbred strains over the course of pregnancy and in the postpartum period for behavioral and neuroendocrine changes may provide useful information by which to inform human studies, leading to advances in our understanding of the etiology of anxiety and depression and the role of genetics and the environment. (frontiersin.org)
  • When singly hemizygous or homozygous for the MCK-Cre transgene, mice are viable, fertile, normal in size and do not display any gross physical or behavioral abnormalities. (jax.org)
  • Different laboratories often use different strains of inbred animals, but one cannot make behavioral comparisons and assume that their reaction to interventions will necessarily be similar. (sciencemag.org)
  • We have previously shown that there is no sex difference in the digit ratios of inbred mice, but found behavioral evidence to suggest that higher 2Dratio4D is associated with more masculinized behaviors. (jove.com)
  • Digit ratios also did not correlate with mice behavioral traits. (jove.com)
  • Strain rankings of within-strain variability in behavior were confirmed in an independent, previously published behavioral dataset using conventional behavioral tests administered to different mice from the same breeding colonies. (deepdyve.com)
Male11
  • Twelve male and female DBA/2J mice and 12 male and female C57BL/6J mice were trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg pregnanolone from saline. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The male C57BL/6J mice had to be removed from the study due to increased seizures apparently associated with the chronic intermittent pregnanolone administration used in drug discrimination. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Male and female mice of the C57Bl/6J strain were purchased from Harlan Iberica (Barcelona, Spain). (elsevier.es)
  • Seven C57Bl/6J females were mated with three C57Bl/6J males according to this distribution: one male with two females, another male with two other females, and another male with the remaining three females: the offspring were the subjects of this experiment. (elsevier.es)
  • In an ongoing quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping study designed to reveal genomic loci showing genetic linkage to HP sensitivity, a putative QTL on chromosome 4 (50-80 cM from the centromere) has been identified that appears to account for variability in this trait in male, but not female mice. (elsevier.com)
  • The C57BL/6J was developed by Little in 1921, after crossing the female N.57 with the male N.52, and is the most widely used inbred strain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Male and female mice were 79.9 ± 35.4 d old (mean ± SD) at the beginning of the experiments (the number and sex of mice used for each experiment is provided in the supplemental material, available at www.jneurosci.org ). (jneurosci.org)
  • To generate the global knock-out allele Fxn null ( Fxn em2.1Lutzy ), male mice carrying the floxed exon 2 allele (from Stock No. 028520) were bred to female B6N.Cg-Tg(Sox2-cre)1Amc/J (Stock No. 014094 ). (jax.org)
  • Male and female Pomcwt/wt and Pomctm1/tm1 mice were fed low-fat (LF) (10 kcal percent fat) or HF (45 kcal percent fat) diets from weaning for 23 weeks. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • Male Pomctm1/tm1 mice develop obesity because they are hyperphagic compared with Pomcwt/wt mice when fed an LF or HF diet. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • A chronic HF diet exacerbates male Pomctm1/tm1 and Pomcwt/wt mouse obesity, and the increased energy intake fully accounts for increased weight gain. (auckland.ac.nz)
Spontaneous7
Commonly4
Receptors1
  • and the mouse and human CD94/NKG2 receptors are specific for Qa1 b or HLA-E, respectively (reviewed in refs. (pnas.org)
Origin4
6NTac1
Phenotypic3
Genetic background4
  • Individual Gbp deletion strains differ in their design, as some strains exist on a pure C57BL/6 genetic background, while other strains contain a 129-derived genetic interval encompassing the Gbp gene cluster on an otherwise C57BL/6 genetic background. (crick.ac.uk)
  • These data support the possibility that Oprd1 is a QTL mediating HP sensitivity in mice, and more generally illustrate the important roles of genetic background and gender in the perception of pain. (elsevier.com)
  • The B6- Krt2 SEG strain (lab code IRCS 119), an interspecific recombinant congenic strain homozygous for the chromosomal segment spanning the interval D15Mit41 to D15Mit16 and containing the keratin-2 ( Krt2 ) complex from strain SEG/Pas ( Mus spretus ) in a C57BL/6 genetic background was obtained from Xavier Montagutelli, Institut Pasteur (Paris). (genetics.org)
  • However, an issue of C57BL/6 substrains that is not always appreciated is that behaviors are known to be strongly influenced by genetic background. (frontiersin.org)
Substrain3
Behavior5
  • The Brodkin laboratory studies the neurobiology and genomics of social behavior development in mouse models relevant to autism. (upenn.edu)
  • Social behavior phenotypes in fragile X syndrome, autism, and the Fmr1 knockout mouse: Theoretical comment on McNaughton et al. (upenn.edu)
  • Mice were evaluated with respect to open-field motor activity and habituation, anxiety-related behavior, motor co-ordination and ataxia and operant performance. (wiley.com)
  • GIRK2 −/− mice, and to a lesser extent GIRK1 −/− mice, also displayed reduced anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze. (wiley.com)
  • Within-session progressive ratio scheduling, however, showed elevated lever press behavior in GIRK2 −/− mice and, to a lesser extent, in GIRK1 −/− mice. (wiley.com)
Mutation5
  • In this article we describe a new mutation affecting the fur that was found segregating in the C3H/HeN inbred strain of mouse. (genetics.org)
  • The mutation is found in all C57BL/6N substrains but is not present in the C57BL/6J strain or substrains. (jax.org)
  • 2013. C57BL/6N mutation in Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2 regulates cocaine response. (jax.org)
  • Mice with a targeted mutation in the pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene (Pomctm1/tm1 mice) are unable to synthesize desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH and they develop obesity when fed chow diet. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • The goal of this RFA is to improve the efficiency of germline transmission of C57BL/6 ES lines to an extent that permits the use of C57BL/6 ES cell for high throughput gene targeting and the efficient production of C57BL/6 mice carrying a null mutation. (nih.gov)
Homozygous2
  • Mice homozygous for the frataxin global null allele are embryonic lethal - regardless of presence or absence of the MCK-Cre transgene. (jax.org)
  • Homozygous apoE-knockout mice, hybrids of C57BL/6J and 129 Ola strains, were progeny of those described by Piedrahita et al 15 and bred in The Unidad Mixta de Investigación, Zaragoza, Spain. (ahajournals.org)
Rats3
  • Little and Castle collaborated closely with Abbie Lathrop who was a breeder of fancy mice and rats which she marketed to rodent hobbyists and keepers of exotic pets, and later began selling in large numbers to scientific researchers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice and rats, due to their innate cautiousness, are initially slow in consuming a novel food, particularly in a novel place. (jove.com)
  • Mice and rats cannot vomit, due to the tightness of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, so to overcome the problem of potential food toxicity they have evolved a strategy of first ingesting only very small amounts of novel substances. (jove.com)
Genetics4
Macrophages1
  • We have disrupted the murine Hjv gene and shown that Hjv -/- mice have markedly increased iron deposition in liver, pancreas, and heart but decreased iron levels in tissue macrophages. (jci.org)
Experimental4
  • Leishmania major-infected murine langerhans cell-like dendritic cells from susceptible mice release IL-12 after infection and vaccinate against experimental cutaneous Leishmaniasis. (semanticscholar.org)
  • We demonstrate that adult Loa loa worms in subcutaneous tissues, circulating microfilariae (mf) and presence of filarial biomarkers in sera occur following experimental infections of lymphopenic mice deficient in interleukin (IL)-2/7 gamma-chain signaling. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Conserved Bacterial-Binding Peptides of the Scavenger-Like Human Lymphocyte Receptor CD6 Protect From Mouse Experimental Sepsis. (nih.gov)
  • Experimental findings with Litomosoides sigmodontis in mice and Onchocerca ochengi in cattle are placed in the context of how these models can advance our ability to control the human disease. (plos.org)
Cytokines2
  • Several studies support this notion, including reports on decreased production of inhibitory T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and inhibitory cytokines in the NOD mouse ( 18 - 20 ), hyporesponsiveness of T cells to T cell receptor (TCR) ligation ( 21 ), and impaired expression of CTLA4 upon TCR ligation ( 22 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Noncytolytic viral clearance is not restricted to the CNS: in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection of the liver, cytokines were also shown to be crucial for reduction of viral load ( 14 , 15 ). (asm.org)
Taconic Biosciences1
  • Taconic Biosciences has recently added an additional 75 mouse models to the GEM Collection Repository. (taconic.com)
Deficient16
  • Methods: To determine whether the presence of 129 alleles of paralogous Gbps could influence the phenotypes of 129-congenic Gbp-deficient strains, we studied the expression of Gbps in both C57BL/6J and 129/Sv mice following in vivo stimulation with adjuvants and after infection with either Toxoplasma gondii or Shigella flexneri. (crick.ac.uk)
  • infection model is also achievable, utilizing immune-competent or -deficient mice infused with purified Loa mf. (bioportfolio.com)
  • In order to determine if this could stem from an impaired survival signal, we introduced Bcl-2 into RAG2 deficient Dµ transgenic mice. (diva-portal.org)
  • To address the role of E2-2 in B cell development, we have reconstituted mice, using E2-2 deficient fetal liver cells, and analysed the B cell compartments. (diva-portal.org)
  • E2-2 deficient mouse embryos were shown to display a partial block at the DN3 stage, which was not due to proliferation or apoptosis defects. (diva-portal.org)
  • This notion has been supported by classical experiments which established that T cell-deficient mice rapidly succumb after inoculation with any one of several species of Leishmania , and that transfer of normal T cells confers resistance to the animals (1-3). (scielo.br)
  • To study LAX function in vivo, we generated LAX-deficient mice by homologous recombination. (jimmunol.org)
  • Methods and Results- Thoracic aortic segments from 8-week-old female B6 and C3H apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were transplanted into the infrarenal aorta of 10-week-old female F1 mice. (ahajournals.org)
  • Indeed, B6 mice exhibit a significant increase in apoB-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall compared with C3H mice when fed an atherogenic diet or when deficient in apoE. (ahajournals.org)
  • 3 ApoE-deficient mice develop severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis on a regular low-fat/low-cholesterol diet. (ahajournals.org)
  • In this study, we report the effect of the most common oils used in human nutrition, provided in diets of low cholesterol content, on the development of atherosclerotic lesions and the regulation of apoA-I gene expression in the apoE-deficient mice. (ahajournals.org)
  • C57BL/6J mice (sIgM −/− ) that were deficient in the production of secreted IgM but capable of expressing surface IgM and secreting other immunoglobulin isotypes were vulnerable to lethal infection, even after inoculation with low doses of WNV. (rupress.org)
  • references 10 , 11 ) and B cell-deficient mice uniformly succumb to WNV infection ( 11 ). (rupress.org)
  • The importance of antibodies in the protection against WNV infection has been highlighted by recent studies in antibody-deficient mice ( 11 ). (rupress.org)
  • Our own studies with B cell-deficient mice demonstrated a ∼500-fold increase in viremia 4 d after infection, a time when only immune IgM was detected in the serum from wild-type mice ( 11 ). (rupress.org)
  • Because passive transfer of immune IgM against WNV, derived from wild-type mice 4 d after infection, prolonged survival of B cell-deficient mice and completely protected wild-type mice, natural or induced IgM could limit WNV infection by controlling viremia and/or by triggering an adaptive B or T cell response ( 23 , 24 ). (rupress.org)
Laboratory Mouse2
Tumor5
  • Immune adjuvant effect of Juzentaihoto, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, on tumor vaccine therapy in a mouse model. (nextbio.com)
  • In the Eμ-myc transgenic mouse model, single therapeutic vaccination of irradiated, α-GalCer-loaded autologous tumor cells was sufficient to significantly inhibit growth of established tumors and prolong survival. (bloodjournal.org)
  • Therapeutic vaccination strategies that incorporate immune adjuvants are likely to enhance immune recognition and targeting of hematologic cancers, an example being in mice vaccinated against mouse lymphomas with whole tumor cells loaded with CpG adjuvant. (bloodjournal.org)
  • Natural tumor surveillance capabilities of the host were investigated in six different mouse tumor models where endogenous interleukin (IL)-12 does or does not dictate the efficiency of the innate immune response. (rupress.org)
  • Gene-targeted and lymphocyte subset-depleted mice were used to establish the relative importance of natural killer (NK) and NK1.1 + T (NKT) cells in protection from tumor initiation and metastasis. (rupress.org)
Atherosclerosis2
  • Objective- Endothelial cells are central to the initiation of atherosclerosis, yet there has been limited success in studying their gene expression in the mouse aorta. (ahajournals.org)
  • Due to the above described properties, apoE-knockout mice are excellent animal models for evaluating the influence of pharmacological and nutritional agents on atherosclerosis development. (ahajournals.org)
Obesity8
  • Fibroblast growth factor 21 corrects obesity in mice. (labome.org)
  • Chronic High-Fat Diet Exacerbates Sexually Dimorphic Pomctm1/tm1 Mouse Obesity. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • In this study, we hypothesized that a chronic high-fat (HF) diet exacerbates Pomctm1/tm1 mouse obesity. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • We show that Pomctm1/tm1 mouse obesity is sexually dimorphic and exacerbated by an HF diet. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • In contrast, female Pomcwt/wt mice are protected from chronic HF diet-induced obesity because they reduce the amount of HF diet eaten, and they appear to increase their energy expenditure (no change in feed efficiency but energy intake exceeding body weight gained). (auckland.ac.nz)
  • A chronic HF diet exacerbates female Pomctm1/tm1 mouse obesity due to impaired ability to reduce the amount of HF diet eaten and apparent impaired HF diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • Our data show that desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH are required for sexually dimorphic HF diet-induced C57BL/6J obesity. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • In conclusion, desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH play salutary roles in sexually dimorphic melanocortin obesity and sexually dimorphic HF diet-induced C57BL/6J obesity. (auckland.ac.nz)
Physiology1
Locus4
Strains differ1
Infection15
  • Variations of physiological variables (weight, course of infection, stress response) in inbred animals have also been reported ( Gärtner, 2012 ). (elsevier.es)
  • Those C57BL/6 mice which lived until a chronic state of infection were rarely well protected and harbored few female worms. (ajtmh.org)
  • Mice were culled on day 7 after infection and blood and spleen cell phenotype and activation were evaluated. (hindawi.com)
  • Studying differential responses of inbred mouse lines with distinct genetic backgrounds to influenza virus infection could substantially increase our understanding of the contributory roles of host genetic factors to disease severity. (springer.com)
  • Overall, a comprehensive framework for analyzing host susceptibilities to influenza infection was established by integrating mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of inbred mouse lines. (springer.com)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that the immune response plays an important role in protection against infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice 6 10 15 . (scielo.br)
  • C57BL/6, CBA/J, C3H, B10D2) are resistant to infection with Leishmania major . (scielo.br)
  • These mice fail to control the infection and develop extensive lesions. (scielo.br)
  • Upon infection with L. major , mice of the resistant phenotype clearly develop a dominant Th1 phenotype of immune response to the parasite's antigens. (scielo.br)
  • Thus, targeted disruption of the IFN- g gene in C57BL/6 mice causes these animals, which are otherwise resistant to infection with L. major , to become highly susceptible to these organisms (15,16). (scielo.br)
  • Moreover, IL-4 transgenic resistant mice expressing low levels of this cytokine fail to clear the infection (17,18). (scielo.br)
  • When susceptible mice were intercrossed with specific immune knockout mice, a critical role for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was identified in protection against MV infection and CNS disease. (asm.org)
  • However, in each of these model systems, either the immune response must be adoptively transferred into persistently infected or otherwise tolerant mice, or the infection occurs in multiple cell types in which different clearance mechanisms may be operative ( 5 , 12 , 27 ). (asm.org)
  • The role of immune IgG in protection has been studied extensively in mouse models of flavivirus infection, including WNV. (rupress.org)
  • Passive transfer of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG before infection protects mice against lethal flavivirus challenge ( 11 , 13 - 21 ). (rupress.org)
Differ2
  • For example, Krubitzer and Kahn [ 1 ] review that the mouse, ghost bat, and short-tailed opossum have approximately the same size cortical sheet, but differ substantially in the size of one of three primary sensory cortical areas. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Three inbred strains (C57BL/1O, DBA/1, and Bulb/c) differ with regard to this asymmetry. (sciencemag.org)
Hybrids1
  • thus, in the present study, we performed aorta transplantation to determine atherosclerotic lesion formation of aortic grafts from B6 and C3H mice in their F1 hybrids. (ahajournals.org)
Strain of mouse1
Markedly2
  • Angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition markedly improves the blood perfusion, oxygen tension and first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in revascularised syngeneic mouse islet grafts. (diva-portal.org)
  • Within 96 h, markedly higher levels of infectious virus were detected in the serum of sIgM −/− mice compared with wild-type mice. (rupress.org)
Linkage1
  • The histological features, linkage, and map position of mdx make these mice a worthy animal model of DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. (bioportfolio.com)
Subline1
Reproducibility2
Characterization1
  • Characterization of thiol-conjugated metabolites of ginger components shogaols in mouse and human urine and modulation of the glutathione levels in cancer cells by -shogaol. (biomedsearch.com)
MeSH1
0006642
Mechanism2
  • Notably, Toxoplasma infections induce robust Gbp2b protein expression in both strains of mice, suggestive of a Toxoplasma-activated mechanism driving Gbp2b protein translation. (crick.ac.uk)
  • The evidence presented shows that LT kills mice through a TNF-α-independent, FasL-independent, noninflammatory mechanism that involves hypoxic tissue injury but does not require macrophage sensitivity to toxin. (jci.org)
Congenic3
Abnormalities1
  • Various defects in the immune system of the NOD mouse have been reported, giving rise to the prevailing view that the predisposition of NOD mice to type 1 diabetes reflects abnormalities in peripheral tolerance mechanisms ( 3 , 17 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Inflammation2
  • Compared with HFL responders, HFH mice gained weight more rapidly and exhibited adipose tissue dysfunction characterized by decreased final fat mass, enhanced macrophage infiltration and inflammation, and adipose tissue remodeling. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Administration of anandamide [AEA], a member of the endocannabinoid family, into mice resulted in significant mitigation of mBSA-induced inflammation, including foot pad swelling, cell infiltration, and cell proliferation in the draining lymph nodes [LN]. AEA treatment significantly reduced IL-17 and IFN-γ production, as well as decreased RORγt expression while causing significant induction of IL-10 in the draining LNs. (nih.gov)
Models12
Germline2
  • The resulting mice (exon 2 deleted from germline) were further bred to C57BL/6J to breed out the Cre recombinase transgene. (jax.org)
  • Applicants for this RFA must have a proven track record of producing or developing existing ES lines, preferably from C57BL/6 mice, and have themselves or their collaborators used such lines to create mutant germline competent ES cells by targeted, gene trap or transposon mutagenesis. (nih.gov)
Least 202
Harbor4
Widely2
Knockout mice1
Differentially1
  • We next analyzed miRNA from the LN cells and found that 100 out of 609 miRNA species were differentially regulated in AEA-treated mice when compared to controls. (nih.gov)
Nomenclature1
Vivo4
  • When performing in vivo experiments in isoflurane-anesthetized mice, it is recommended to supplement with a Na 2 CO 3 infusion to maintain a normal acid-base balance. (diva-portal.org)
  • Aorta transplantation in the mouse provides a direct means for studying the role of the vascular wall in a biological process in vivo. (ahajournals.org)
  • Approach and Results- We characterized a method for the isolation of endothelial cell RNA with high purity directly from mouse aortas and adapted this method to allow for the treatment of aortas ex vivo before RNA collection. (ahajournals.org)
  • Conclusions- We demonstrated that RNA can be isolated from mouse aortic endothelial cells after in vivo and ex vivo treatments of the murine vessel wall. (ahajournals.org)
Liver3
  • FGF21 gene expression was induced in the liver but not in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue of mice after acute exercise, and further, the gene expression levels of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) were also increased. (mendeley.com)
  • Timed histopathological analysis identified bone marrow, spleen, and liver as major affected organs in both mouse strains. (jci.org)
  • RESULTS Mice exhibited pronounced heterogeneity in liver histological scoring, leading to classification into four subgroups: low-fat low (LFL) responders displaying normal liver morphology, low-fat high (LFH) responders showing benign hepatic steatosis, high-fat low (HFL) responders displaying pre-NASH with macrovesicular lipid droplets, and high fat high (HFH) responders exhibiting overt NASH characterized by ballooning of hepatocytes, presence of Mallory bodies, and activated inflammatory cells. (diabetesjournals.org)