Metatarsal Bones
Foot Deformities, Congenital
Hallux Valgus
Plantar aponeurosis and internal architecture of the ball of the foot. (1/62)
On the basis of its internal structure, the ball of the foot can be divided into three transverse areas, each with a different mechanical function: (1) an area proximal to the heads of the metatarsals in which the retinacula cutis are developed into a series of transverse bands, and in which the deep fibres of the plantar aponeurosis form ten sagittal septa connected to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament and through this the proximal phalanges of the toes, (2) an area below the heads of the metatarsals in which vertical fibres from the joint capsules and the sides of the fibrous flexor sheaths form a cushion below each metatarsal head, and in which fat bodies cover the digital nerves and vessels in their passage between the cushions, and (3) a distal area which comprises the interdigital web. The superficial fibres of the plantar aponeurosis are inserted into the skin of this distal area, and deep to them the plantar interdigital ligament forms a series of transverse lamellae connected to the proximal phalanges by a mooring ligament which arches from one fibrous flexor sheath to the next. When the metatarsophalangeal joints are extended, the fibres of the three areas are tensed and the skin is anchored firmly to the skeleton. The direction of the fibres in the distal and proximal area promotes the transfer of forces exerted on the skin during push-off and braking respectively, while the intermediate area is adapted to bear the weight of the body. A concentration of Pacinian corpuscles is found along the digital nerves in the weight-bearing area below the transverse metatarsal ligament. The nerves for the second, and especially for the third, interstice are close to or in contact with the sharp proximal edges of the sagittal septa. (+info)High-impact exercise and growing bone: relation between high strain rates and enhanced bone formation. (2/62)
We investigated whether high-impact drop jumps could increase bone formation in the middiaphyseal tarsometatarsus of growing rooster. Roosters were designated as sedentary controls (n = 10) or jumpers (n = 10). Jumpers performed 200 drop jumps per day for 3 wk. The mechanical milieu of the tarsometatarsus was quantified via in vivo strain gauges. Indexes of bone formation and mechanical parameters were determined in each of twelve 30 degrees sectors subdividing the middiaphyseal cortex. Compared with baseline walking, drop jumping produced large peak strain rates (+740%) in the presence of moderately increased peak strain magnitudes (+30%) and unaltered strain distributions. Bone formation rates were significantly increased by jump training at periosteal (+40%) and endocortical surfaces (+370%). Strain rate was significantly correlated with the specific sites of increased formation rates at endocortical but not at periosteal surfaces. Previously, treadmill running did not enhance bone growth in this model. Comparing the mechanical milieus produced by running and drop jumps revealed that jumping significantly elevated only peak strain rates. This further emphasized the sensitivity of immature bone to high strain rates. (+info)Rheumatoid plantar synovial cysts. (3/62)
A patient is described with rheumatoid arthritis and a painful synovial cyst, which originated from a metatarsophalangeal joint and presented as a swelling on the plantar surface of the foot. The cyst was successfully excised. (+info)Metatarsal osteotomy for metatarsalgia. (4/62)
An oblique osteotomy in the distal half of the metatarsal shaft is described for the treatment of metatarsalgia due to prolapse of one or more of the middle three metatarsal heads. Thirty-eight patients who have had this operation have been followed up for a period of from two to five years. The operation is simple, recovery is rapid and symptoms have been well relieved. (+info)Case report: recovery of Calliphora vicina first-instar larvae from a human traumatic wound associated with a progressive necrotizing bacterial infection. (5/62)
Human myiasis caused by Calliphora vicina is rare in Europe. Here we report a case of C. vicina infection occurring in the traumatic leg wound of a healthy 21-year-old man. Firstly, a progressive necrotizing infection developed in the wound despite administration of antibiotics. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the wound samples. Secondly, during debridement, C. vicina first-instar larvae were isolated from the wound. To our knowledge, this is the first European case of C. vicina wound myiasis associated with severe A. hydrophila infection. (+info)A regulatory cascade involving retinoic acid, Cbfa1, and matrix metalloproteinases is coupled to the development of a process of perichondrial invasion and osteogenic differentiation during bone formation. (6/62)
Tissue-remodeling processes are largely mediated by members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of endopeptidases whose expression is strictly controlled both spatially and temporally. In this article, we have examined the molecular mechanisms that could contribute to modulate the expression of MMPs like collagenase-3 and MT1-MMP during bone formation. We have found that all-trans retinoic acid (RA), which usually downregulates MMPs, strongly induces collagenase-3 expression in cultures of embryonic metatarsal cartilage rudiments and in chondrocytic cells. This effect is dose and time dependent, requires the de novo synthesis of proteins, and is mediated by RAR-RXR heterodimers. Analysis of the signal transduction mechanisms underlying the upregulating effect of RA on collagenase-3 expression demonstrated that this factor acts through a signaling pathway involving p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. RA treatment of chondrocytic cells also induces the production of MT1-MMP, a membrane-bound metalloproteinase essential for skeletal formation, which participates in a proteolytic cascade with collagenase-3. The production of these MMPs is concomitant with the development of an RA-induced differentiation program characterized by formation of a mineralized bone matrix, downregulation of chondrocyte markers like type II collagen, and upregulation of osteoblastic markers such as osteocalcin. These effects are attenuated in metatarsal rudiments in which RA induces the invasion of perichondrial osteogenic cells from the perichondrium into the cartilage rudiment. RA treatment also resulted in the upregulation of Cbfa1, a transcription factor responsible for collagenase-3 and osteocalcin induction in osteoblastic cells. The dynamics of Cbfa1, MMPs, and osteocalcin expression is consistent with the fact that these genes could be part of a regulatory cascade initiated by RA and leading to the induction of Cbfa1, which in turn would upregulate the expression of some of their target genes like collagenase-3 and osteocalcin. (+info)The foot in chronic rheumatoid arthritis. (7/62)
The feet of 200 consecutive admissions with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis were studied. 104 were found to have pain or deformity. Clinical involvement of the joints was seen more often than radiological joint damage in the ankle, but the reverse was the case in the midtarsal joints. The metatarsophalangeal joints were involved most frequently both clinically and radiologically. Sixty per cent of the patients required modified shoes but only a third of these had received them. The need for more shoes is clear, and although this is a highly selected group of patients they were all under specialist care. The increased expenditure on special footwear would benefit the patient, firstly by improving ambulation, and secondly perhaps by reducing the number of operations necessary. Hallux valgus was very common and occurred with similar frequency to disease in the other metatarsophalangeal joints. Although not exclusive to rheumatoid arthritis, hallux valgus must have been caused for the most part by the rheumatoid arthritis and if so, then it is suggested that the provision of suitable shoes for patients may be less costly than subsequent surgical treatment. (+info)Polydactyly and brachymetapody in two English families. (8/62)
Two new pedigrees of polydactyly associated with brachymetapody are discribed. In one the two defects occur in different members of the family, while in the other both occur in the same individuals. Both anomalies appear to be inherited as dominants, the polydactyly showing incomplete manifestation. (+info)The metatarsus is the region in the foot between the tarsal bones (which form the hindfoot and midfoot) and the phalanges (toes). It consists of five long bones called the metatarsals, which articulate with the tarsal bones proximally and the phalanges distally. The metatarsus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing, support, and propulsion during walking and running. Any abnormalities or injuries to this region may result in various foot conditions, such as metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma, or hammertoes.
The metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot that connect the tarsal bones in the hindfoot to the phalanges in the forefoot. They are located between the tarsal and phalangeal bones and are responsible for forming the arch of the foot and transmitting weight-bearing forces during walking and running. The metatarsal bones are numbered 1 to 5, with the first metatarsal being the shortest and thickest, and the fifth metatarsal being the longest and thinnest. Each metatarsal bone has a base, shaft, and head, and they articulate with each other and with the surrounding bones through joints. Any injury or disorder affecting the metatarsal bones can cause pain and difficulty in walking or standing.
Congenital foot deformities refer to abnormal structural changes in the foot that are present at birth. These deformities can vary from mild to severe and may affect the shape, position, or function of one or both feet. Common examples include clubfoot (talipes equinovarus), congenital vertical talus, and cavus foot. Congenital foot deformities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences during fetal development, or a combination of both. Treatment options may include stretching, casting, surgery, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the severity and type of the deformity.
Hallux Valgus is a medical condition that affects the foot, specifically the big toe joint. It is characterized by the deviation of the big toe (hallux) towards the second toe, resulting in a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot at the base of the big toe. This bump is actually the metatarsal head of the first bone in the foot that becomes exposed due to the angulation.
The deformity can lead to pain, stiffness, and difficulty wearing shoes. In severe cases, it can also cause secondary arthritis in the joint. Hallux Valgus is more common in women than men and can be caused by genetic factors, foot shape, or ill-fitting shoes that put pressure on the big toe joint.
The tarsal bones are a group of seven articulating bones in the foot that make up the posterior portion of the foot, located between the talus bone of the leg and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They play a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement.
There are three categories of tarsal bones:
1. Proximal row: This includes the talus, calcaneus (heel bone), and navicular bones. The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, while the calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel. The navicular bone is located between the talus and the cuneiform bones.
2. Intermediate row: This includes the cuboid bone, which is located laterally (on the outside) to the navicular bone and articulates with the calcaneus, fourth and fifth metatarsals, and the cuneiform bones.
3. Distal row: This includes three cuneiform bones - the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms - which are located between the navicular bone proximally and the first, second, and third metatarsal bones distally. The medial cuneiform is the largest of the three and articulates with the navicular bone, first metatarsal, and the intermediate cuneiform. The intermediate cuneiform articulates with the medial and lateral cuneiforms and the second metatarsal. The lateral cuneiform articulates with the intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, and fourth metatarsal.
Together, these bones form a complex network of joints that allow for movement and stability in the foot. Injuries or disorders affecting the tarsal bones can result in pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking.
Sphegina crucivena
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Metatarsal bones
Sphegina carinata
Sphegina atricolor
Sphegina crassispina
Acanthogonatus chilechico
Acanthogonatus recinto
Chilelopsis puertoviejo
Trigonopterus
Chrysopilus cristatus
Sphegina asciiformis
Platycheirus albimanus
Reversopelma
Tarsus (skeleton)
Sphegina albolobata
Platycheirus rosarum
Xylota tarda
Sphegina dentata
Taiwan Dog
Acanthogonatus confusus
Sphegina collicola
Lagonomegopidae
Sphegina brevipilus
Greek Shepherd
Acanthogonatus quilocura
Sphegina achaeta
Coelurus
Amegilla quadrifasciata
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Adductus31
- Metatarsus adductus is a foot deformity. (medlineplus.gov)
- Metatarsus adductus is thought to be caused by the infant's position inside the womb. (medlineplus.gov)
- Metatarsus adductus is a fairly common problem. (medlineplus.gov)
- Newborns with metatarsus adductus may also have a problem called developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), which allows the thigh bone to slip out of the hip socket. (medlineplus.gov)
- About one half of children with metatarsus adductus have these changes in both feet. (medlineplus.gov)
- Metatarsus adductus can be diagnosed with a physical exam . (medlineplus.gov)
- Treatment is rarely needed for metatarsus adductus. (medlineplus.gov)
- A small number of infants with metatarsus adductus may have developmental dislocation of the hip . (medlineplus.gov)
- Metatarsus adductus happens when a child is born with the front half of the foot turned inward. (childrens.com)
- Metatarsus adductus is a common foot deformity found at birth (congenital) in which the front half of the foot turns inward. (childrens.com)
- Children with metatarsus adductus are at greater risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip . (childrens.com)
- What are the different types of Pediatric Metatarsus Adductus? (childrens.com)
- What are the causes of Pediatric Metatarsus Adductus? (childrens.com)
- In metatarsus adductus, the foot turns inward. (msdmanuals.com)
- Metatarsus adductus is a common congenital foot deformity, is characterized by inward deviation of the forefoot. (rajeevclinic.com)
- Hi I have a 4 year old son who has increased Ligament Laxity & Metatarsus Adductus. (first-step-therapy.com)
- The two most common foot deformities in newborns are metatarsus adductus and calcaneovalgus. (healthychildren.org)
- Metatarsus adductus is a curve in the middle of the foot that occurs when the feet are folded inward. (healthychildren.org)
- Flexible metatarsus adductus usually improves on its own by 6-12 months old. (healthychildren.org)
- Children with clubfoot have metatarsus adductus, but the foot is stiff and has other differences such as a high arch. (healthychildren.org)
- Calcaneovalgus foot is more or less the opposite of metatarsus adductus. (healthychildren.org)
- Metatarsus adductus (MTA) is a common foot deformity noted at birth. (chkd.org)
- What causes metatarsus adductus in a child? (chkd.org)
- What are the symptoms of metatarsus adductus in a child? (chkd.org)
- How is metatarsus adductus diagnosed in a child? (chkd.org)
- How is metatarsus adductus treated in a child? (chkd.org)
- What are possible complications of metatarsus adductus in a child? (chkd.org)
- Did you know that metatarsus adductus is more common in firstborn children and occurs in approximately 1 to 2 per 1,000 live births? (campbellclinic.com)
- So what exactly is metatarsus adductus? (campbellclinic.com)
- Treatment of metatarsus adductus depends on the severity of the deformity and immobility of the foot. (msdmanuals.com)
- These characteristics include rearfoot varus, forefoot valgus, and metatarsus adductus. (myfootshop.com)
Tibia2
- The researchers attributed the males' ability to launch off their sexual partners to a leg joint called the tibia-metatarsus. (gizmodo.com)
- The tibia-metatarsus (and all the leg joints in the spiders) are ensconced in sheathes called thecae, which increase the limbs' elasticity. (gizmodo.com)
Varus1
- In metatarsus varus, the bottom surface of the foot is turned inward, so that the arch is raised. (msdmanuals.com)
Bone1
- It is common in Africa, Mexico, Cen- the metatarsus bone. (who.int)
Foot1
- metatarsus of the foot. (getbodysmart.com)
Feathers2
- Large pennaceous feathers were already developed on the tail, forelimbs and hindlimbs, and particularly on the metatarsus and pes, of the troodontid Anchiornis 2 . (nature.com)
- Although it resembles Anchiornis from an osteological point of view, this new troodontid is characterized by a reduced plumage, in comparison with other Middle-Late Jurassic feathered deinonychosaurians: large pennaceous feathers are absent from its tail, metatarsus and pes. (nature.com)
Children1
- Several investigators have noticed that 10%-15% of children with metatarsus adducts have hip dysplasia therefore, a careful hip examination is necessary. (rajeevclinic.com)