Metals. Medical search

Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

Metals that constitute group 1(formerly group Ia) of the periodic table. They are the most strongly electropositive of the metals. Note that HYDROGEN is not considered an alkali metal even though it falls under the group 1 heading in the periodic table.

A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.

A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.

A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.

Metals that constitute the group 2 (formerly group IIa) of the periodic table.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)

Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.

A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

A group of elements that include SCANDIUM; YTTRIUM; and the LANTHANOID SERIES ELEMENTS. Historically, the rare earth metals got their name from the fact that they were never found in their pure elemental form, but as an oxide. In addition they were very difficult to purify. They are not truly rare and comprise about 25% of the metals in the earth's crust.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

Neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. The number of ligand atoms to which the metal center is directly bonded is the metal cation's coordination number, and this number is always greater than the regular valence or oxidation number of the metal. A coordination complex can be negative, neutral, or positively charged.

The fusion of ceramics (porcelain) to an alloy of two or more metals for use in restorative and prosthodontic dentistry. Examples of metal alloys employed include cobalt-chromium, gold-palladium, gold-platinum-palladium, and nickel-based alloys.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Spectrophotometric techniques by which the absorption or emmision spectra of radiation from atoms are produced and analyzed.

Metals with low specific gravity, typically smaller than 5, characterized by a single valence (1, 2, or 3), a simple spectrum, strong electromotive force (positive), and colorless compounds. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The science, art, or technology dealing with processes involved in the separation of metals from their ores, the technique of making or compounding the alloys, the techniques of working or heat-treating metals, and the mining of metals. It includes industrial metallurgy as well as metallurgical techniques employed in the preparation and working of metals used in dentistry, with special reference to orthodontic and prosthodontic appliances. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p494)

A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.

Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The spectrometric analysis of fluorescent X-RAYS, i.e. X-rays emitted after bombarding matter with high energy particles such as PROTONS; ELECTRONS; or higher energy X-rays. Identification of ELEMENTS by this technique is based on the specific type of X-rays that are emitted which are characteristic of the specific elements in the material being analyzed. The characteristic X-rays are distinguished and/or quantified by either wavelength dispersive or energy dispersive methods.

A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Alloys that contain a high percentage of gold. They are used in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.

Phenanthrolines are a class of organic compounds that have been used in the medical field as muscle relaxants and as components of some antibiotics.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.

Inorganic compounds that contain zinc as an integral part of the molecule.

Inorganic chemicals that contain manganese as an integral part of the molecule.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Uranium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.

A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.

A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.

Elements of the lanthanoid series including atomic number 57 (LANTHANUM) through atomic number 71 (LUTETIUM).

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that is grown in rock gardens. T. arvense is grown for its large, round ornamental seed pods. The common name of pennycress usually refers to this genus but may also refer to the genus Microthlaspi.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

RNA that has catalytic activity. The catalytic RNA sequence folds to form a complex surface that can function as an enzyme in reactions with itself and other molecules. It may function even in the absence of protein. There are numerous examples of RNA species that are acted upon by catalytic RNA, however the scope of this enzyme class is not limited to a particular type of substrate.

Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

Mercury poisoning is a condition caused by exposure to high levels of mercury, which can lead to damage to the brain, kidneys, and other organs.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A class of nonmetals such as arsenic that have some of the chemical properties of a metal.

Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.

Beryllium. An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.

The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.

Terbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.

Ytterbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins that specifically bind to IRON.

Mining in the medical field refers to the process of extracting useful information or insights from large amounts of medical data.

Materials that have a limited and usually variable electrical conductivity. They are particularly useful for the production of solid-state electronic devices.

Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Ethylenediamines are a class of organic compounds that are used in medicine as chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.

Identification and characterization of a recombinant metallothionein protein from a marine alga, Fucus vesiculosus. (1/4151)

A cDNA library was constructed from macroalgae adapted to prolonged elevated environmental copper levels. To investigate the possible existence of a metallothionein (MT) gene, the library was screened with degenerate probes designed using plant MT cysteine-rich motifs. A gene was identified (1229 bp) with a putative open reading frame (204 bp) encoding a 67-amino-acid protein exhibiting several characteristic features of MT proteins, including 16 cysteine residues (24%) and only one aromatic residue. Although the protein sequence showed high identity with plant and invertebrate MTs, it contained a unique 'linker' region (14 amino acid residues) between the two putative metal-binding domains which contained no cysteine residues. This extended linker is larger than the tripeptide found in archetypal vertebrate MTs, but does not conform either with the 40-amino-acid linkers commonly found in plant MT sequences. An S-peptide Fucus MT fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited a relative molecular mass of approximately 14 kDa. The recombinant fusion bound seven Cd ions, of which 50% were dissociated at pH 4.1. Under anaerobic conditions, the Cd ions were displaced by Cu(I), which associated with the protein at a ratio of 13:1. Laboratory exposure of F. vesiculosus to elevated copper resulted in induction of the MT gene. Thus this paper describes, for the first time, an MT gene identified from macroalgae which is induced by copper exposure and whose encoded protein product binds cadmium and copper. (+info)

Interactions of membrane potential and cations in regulation of ciliary activity in Paramecium. (2/4151)

Ciliary activity in Paramecium was investigated in different external solutions using techniques of voltage clamp and high frequency cinematography. An increase in the external concentration of K, Ca or Mg ions decreased the resting potential. It had no effect on ciliary activity. When the membrane potential was fixed, an increase in external Ca or Mg and, to a lesser extent, an increase in K concentration, raised the frequency of normal beating or decreased the frequency of reversed beating of the cilia. Similar effects resulted from membrane hyperpolarization with constant ionic conditions. Increase in concentration of Ca, but not of Mg or K, enhanced hyperpolarization-induced augmentation of ciliary frequency. Increase in Ca concentration also specifically augmented the delayed increase in inward current during rapid hyperpolarizing clamp. The results support the view that [Ca]i regulates the frequency and direction of ciliary beating. It is suggested that the insensitivity of the ciliary motor system to elevations of the external concentrations of ions results from compensation of their effects on [Ca]i. Depolarization itself appears to increase [Ca]i while elevation of the external ion concentrations at a fixed membrane potential appears to decrease [Ca]i. (+info)

Purification and properties of a low-molecular-weight, high-alkaline pectate lyase from an alkaliphilic strain of Bacillus. (3/4151)

A low-molecular-weight, high-alkaline pectate lyase (pectate transeliminase, EC 4.2.2.2) was found in an alkaline culture of Bacillus sp. strain KSM-P15, purified to homogeneity, and crystallized. The enzyme had a relative molecular weight of approximately 20,300 as measured by sedimentation equilibrium, with a sedimentation coefficient (s20,w0) of 1.73 S. It was a basic protein with an isoelectric point of pH 10.3, and the alpha-helical content was only 6.6%. In the presence of Ca2+ ions, the enzyme degraded polygalacturonic acid in a random manner to yield 4,5-unsaturated oligo-galacturonides and had its optimal activity around pH 10.5 and 50-55 degrees C. It also had a protopectinase-like activity on cotton fibers. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the intact protein (28 amino acids) and its two lysyl endopeptidase-cleaved peptide fragments (8 and 12 amino acids) had very low sequence similarity with pectate lyases reported to date. These results strongly suggest that the pectate lyase of Bacillus sp. strain KSM-P15 may be a novel enzyme and belongs in a new family. (+info)

Purification and characterization of Aspergillus ficuum endoinulinase. (4/4151)

Endoinulinase from Aspergillus ficuum, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of inulin via an endo-cleavage mode, was purified by chromatography from Novozym 230 as a starting commercial enzyme mixture on CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sepharose, and by preparative electrophoresis under native conditions. The enzyme was estimated to be pure on the basis of its I/S ratio, whose value was infinite in our assay conditions. Two forms separated by using this method. SDS gel electrophoresis showed the two purified forms to respectively exhibit molecular weights of 64,000 +/- 500 and 66,000 +/- 1,000. The results of deglycosylation indicated that the two forms were originally the same protein but with different sugar contents. A molecular weight of 54,800 +/- 1,500 was found by gel filtration of the native enzyme, indicating the native functional protein to be a monomer. The enzyme showed nearly absolute substrate specificity towards inulin and inulooligosaccharides, and acted via an endo-attack to produce mainly inulotriose during the late stage of the reaction. The apparent Km and Vmax values for inulin hydrolysis were 8.1 +/- 1.0 mM and 773 +/- 60 U/mg, respectively. The internal peptides of the enzyme showed sequence homology to the endoinulinase of Penicillium purpurogenum. (+info)

Analysis of 118 second-generation metal-on-metal retrieved hip implants. (5/4151)

Osteolysis is due to particulate wear debris and is responsible for the long-term failure of total hip replacements. It has stimulated the development of alternative joint surfaces such as metal-on-metal or ceramic-on-ceramic implants. Since 1988 the second-generation metal-on-metal implant Metasul has been used in over 60 000 hips. Analysis of 118 retrieved specimens of the head or cup showed rates of wear of approximately 25 microm for the whole articulation per year in the first year, decreasing to about 5 microm per year after the third. Metal surfaces have a 'self-polishing' capacity. Scratches are worn out by further joint movement. Volumetric wear was decreased some 60-fold compared with that of metal-on-polyethylene implants, suggesting that second-generation metal-on-metal prostheses may considerably reduce osteolysis. (+info)

Adaptation of bulk constitutive equations to insoluble monolayer collapse at the air-water interface. (6/4151)

A constitutive equation based on stress-strain models of bulk solids was adapted to relate the surface pressure, compression rate, and temperature of an insoluble monolayer of monodendrons during collapse at the air-water interface. A power law relation between compression rate and surface pressure and an Arrhenius temperature dependence of the steady-state creep rate were observed in data from compression rate and creep experiments in the collapse region. These relations were combined into a single constitutive equation to calculate the temperature dependence of the collapse pressure with a maximum error of 5 percent for temperatures ranging from 10 degrees to 25 degrees C. (+info)

SAG, a novel zinc RING finger protein that protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents. (7/4151)

SAG (sensitive to apoptosis gene) was cloned as an inducible gene by 1,10-phenanthroline (OP), a redox-sensitive compound and an apoptosis inducer. SAG encodes a novel zinc RING finger protein that consists of 113 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 12.6 kDa. SAG is highly conserved during evolution, with identities of 70% between human and Caenorhabditis elegans sequences and 55% between human and yeast sequences. In human tissues, SAG is ubiquitously expressed at high levels in skeletal muscles, heart, and testis. SAG is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells, and its gene was mapped to chromosome 3q22-24. Bacterially expressed and purified human SAG binds to zinc and copper metal ions and prevents lipid peroxidation induced by copper or a free radical generator. When overexpressed in several human cell lines, SAG protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents (the metal chelator OP and zinc or copper metal ions). Mechanistically, SAG appears to inhibit and/or delay metal ion-induced cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Thus, SAG is a cellular protective molecule that appears to act as an antioxidant to inhibit apoptosis induced by metal ions and reactive oxygen species. (+info)

Amyloid beta peptides do not form peptide-derived free radicals spontaneously, but can enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides. (8/4151)

Amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Free radical generation by Abeta peptides was suggested to be a key mechanism of their neurotoxicity. Reports that neurotoxic free radicals derived from Abeta-(1-40) and Abeta-(25-35) peptides react with the spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) to form a PBN/.Abeta peptide radical adduct with a specific triplet ESR signal assert that the peptide itself was the source of free radicals. We now report that three Abeta peptides, Abeta-(1-40), Abeta-(25-35), and Abeta-(40-1), do not yield radical adducts with PBN from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF). In contrast to OMRF PBN, incubation of Sigma PBN in phosphate buffer without Abeta peptides produced a three-line ESR spectrum. It was shown that this nitroxide is di-tert-butylnitroxide and is formed in the Sigma PBN solution as a result of transition metal-catalyzed auto-oxidation of the respective hydroxylamine present as an impurity in the Sigma PBN. Under some conditions, incubation of PBN from Sigma with Abeta-(1-40) or Abeta-(25-35) can stimulate the formation of di-tert-butylnitroxide. It was shown that Abeta peptides enhanced oxidation of cyclic hydroxylamine 1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPONE-H), which was strongly inhibited by the treatment of phosphate buffer with Chelex-100. It was shown that ferric and cupric ions are effective oxidants of TEMPONE-H. The data obtained allow us to conclude that under some conditions toxic Abeta peptides Abeta-(1-40) and Abeta-(25-35) enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxylamine derivatives, but do not spontaneously form peptide-derived free radicals. (+info)

In the medical field, metals are materials that are commonly used in medical devices, implants, and other medical applications. These metals can include stainless steel, titanium, cobalt-chromium alloys, and other materials that are known for their strength, durability, and biocompatibility. Metals are often used in medical devices because they can withstand the rigors of the human body and provide long-lasting support and stability. For example, metal implants are commonly used in orthopedic surgery to replace damaged or diseased joints, while metal stents are used to keep blood vessels open and prevent blockages. However, metals can also have potential risks and complications. For example, some people may be allergic to certain metals, which can cause skin irritation, inflammation, or other adverse reactions. Additionally, metal implants can sometimes cause tissue damage or infection, which may require additional medical treatment. Overall, the use of metals in the medical field is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration of the benefits and risks involved.

Zinc is a chemical element that is essential for human health. In the medical field, zinc is used in a variety of ways, including as a supplement to treat and prevent certain health conditions. Zinc is involved in many important bodily functions, including immune system function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. It is also important for the proper functioning of the senses of taste and smell. Zinc deficiency can lead to a range of health problems, including impaired immune function, delayed wound healing, and impaired growth and development in children. Zinc supplements are often recommended for people who are at risk of zinc deficiency, such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, people with certain medical conditions, and people who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet. In addition to its use as a supplement, zinc is also used in some medications, such as those used to treat acne and the common cold. It is also used in some over-the-counter products, such as antacids and nasal sprays. Overall, zinc is an important nutrient that plays a vital role in maintaining good health.

In the medical field, "Metals, Alkali" typically refers to a group of substances that include metals and alkaline substances. These substances can be found in various forms, such as inorganic compounds, salts, and solutions. Metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, can be toxic to the human body and can cause a range of health problems, including neurological damage, kidney damage, and cancer. Alkali substances, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, can also be harmful if ingested or inhaled in large quantities. In the medical field, exposure to metals and alkali substances can occur through various means, such as occupational exposure, accidental ingestion or inhalation, or environmental exposure. Treatment for exposure to these substances may involve supportive care, such as fluid replacement and electrolyte management, as well as specific treatments for the effects of the exposure, such as chelation therapy for heavy metal poisoning.

Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. It is a hard, silvery-gray metal that is often used in the production of magnets, batteries, and pigments. In the medical field, cobalt is used in the production of radioactive isotopes, such as cobalt-60, which are used in radiation therapy to treat cancer. Cobalt-60 is a strong gamma emitter that can be used to destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. It is also used in the production of medical devices, such as stents and implants, and as a component in some dental fillings.

In the medical field, copper is a trace element that is essential for various bodily functions. It plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, the maintenance of healthy bones, and the proper functioning of the immune system. Copper is also involved in the metabolism of iron and the production of energy in the body. Copper deficiency can lead to a range of health problems, including anemia, osteoporosis, and impaired immune function. On the other hand, excessive copper intake can be toxic and can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and other organs. In some medical treatments, copper is used as a component of certain medications, such as antibiotics and antifungal drugs. Copper is also used in medical devices, such as catheters and implants, due to its antimicrobial properties. Overall, copper is an important nutrient in the medical field, and its proper balance is crucial for maintaining good health.

Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white metal with a slight golden tinge and is commonly used in the production of coins, jewelry, and various industrial applications. In the medical field, nickel is primarily known for its potential to cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Nickel allergy is a type of contact dermatitis that occurs when the skin comes into contact with nickel-containing objects, such as jewelry, buttons, or coins. Symptoms of nickel allergy can include redness, itching, swelling, and blistering at the site of contact. Nickel allergy is a common condition, affecting up to 10% of the general population. It is more common in women than men and tends to develop later in life. Treatment for nickel allergy typically involves avoiding contact with nickel-containing objects and using topical creams or ointments to relieve symptoms. In severe cases, oral antihistamines or corticosteroids may be prescribed.

In the medical field, "Metals, Alkaline Earth" refers to a group of elements that are located in the second column of the periodic table and have a +2 charge. These elements include calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Alkaline earth metals are essential for various bodily functions, including bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Calcium, in particular, is crucial for maintaining strong bones and teeth, and it plays a vital role in muscle contraction and nerve function. However, excessive exposure to alkaline earth metals can be harmful and can cause a range of health problems, including kidney damage, respiratory problems, and cancer. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the levels of these metals in the body and to take appropriate measures to prevent excessive exposure.

Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a trace element that is essential for human health, but only in small amounts. In the medical field, manganese is primarily used to treat manganese toxicity, which is a condition that occurs when the body is exposed to high levels of manganese. Symptoms of manganese toxicity can include tremors, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairment. Treatment typically involves removing the source of exposure and providing supportive care to manage symptoms. Manganese is also used in some medical treatments, such as in the treatment of osteoporosis and in the production of certain medications.

In the medical field, "Cations, Divalent" refers to positively charged ions that have a charge of +2. These ions are typically metal ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc, and are important for various physiological processes in the body. Divalent cations play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of electrolytes in the body, which is essential for proper nerve and muscle function. They are also involved in bone health, as calcium and magnesium are important components of bone tissue. Imbalances in the levels of divalent cations can lead to a variety of health problems, including muscle cramps, seizures, and heart arrhythmias. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help regulate the levels of these ions in the body.

Chromium is a chemical element that is essential for human health. It is a trace mineral that is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Chromium is also important for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels and for regulating insulin sensitivity. In the medical field, chromium is used to treat type 2 diabetes and to improve insulin sensitivity. It is often used in combination with other medications to help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. Chromium supplements are also sometimes used to help with weight loss and to improve athletic performance. It is important to note that while chromium is an essential nutrient, excessive intake of chromium supplements can be harmful. The recommended daily intake of chromium for adults is 55 micrograms per day. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any supplements.

In the medical field, "iron" refers to a mineral that is essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. Iron is also important for the proper functioning of the immune system, metabolism, and energy production. Iron deficiency is a common condition that can lead to anemia, a condition in which the body does not have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Iron supplements are often prescribed to treat iron deficiency anemia, and dietary changes may also be recommended to increase iron intake. However, it is important to note that excessive iron intake can also be harmful, so it is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider before taking any iron supplements.

In the medical field, "lead" can refer to several different things, including: 1. Lead poisoning: A condition caused by exposure to high levels of lead, which can damage the brain, kidneys, and other organs. Lead poisoning can occur through ingestion of lead-contaminated food or water, inhalation of lead dust or fumes, or absorption through the skin. 2. Lead shield: A protective covering made of lead or lead alloy used to shield patients and medical personnel from ionizing radiation during medical imaging procedures such as X-rays or CT scans. 3. Lead apron: A protective garment worn by medical personnel during procedures involving ionizing radiation to shield the body from exposure to harmful levels of radiation. 4. Lead acetate: A medication used to treat lead poisoning by binding to lead ions in the body and preventing them from being absorbed into the bloodstream. 5. Lead poisoning test: A medical test used to diagnose lead poisoning by measuring the level of lead in the blood or urine.

Chelating agents are compounds that can bind to metal ions and form stable complexes, which can then be excreted from the body. In the medical field, chelating agents are often used to treat heavy metal poisoning, such as lead, mercury, or arsenic poisoning. They work by binding to the metal ions and forming complexes that are more soluble and easier to excrete through the kidneys. Chelating agents can also be used to treat certain types of cancer by targeting and binding to radioactive isotopes used in cancer treatment, allowing the radioactive isotopes to be safely eliminated from the body.

Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that has been used in various medical applications throughout history. In the modern medical field, mercury is no longer used for most medical purposes due to its harmful effects on human health. However, there are still some medical applications where mercury is used, although its use is highly regulated and restricted. One such application is in the treatment of certain types of syphilis, where mercury-based medications called "mercurials" were once used. These medications are no longer used due to their severe side effects and the availability of safer alternatives. Mercury can also be found in some medical devices, such as thermometers and blood pressure cuffs, although the use of mercury in these devices is also being phased out due to concerns about its environmental impact and potential health risks. Overall, while mercury has had some medical applications in the past, its use is now highly restricted and regulated due to its toxic nature.

In the medical field, "Metals, Rare Earth" typically refers to a group of elements that are commonly used in medical devices and implants. These metals include titanium, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, and tantalum, among others. Rare earth metals, such as neodymium and samarium, are also used in some medical devices, such as MRI machines and dental implants. These metals are chosen for their biocompatibility, strength, and durability. They are often used in orthopedic implants, such as hip and knee replacements, dental implants, and spinal implants, as well as in cardiovascular devices, such as stents and pacemakers. However, it is important to note that some metals, such as nickel and cobalt, can cause allergic reactions in some patients. Therefore, medical professionals must carefully consider the patient's medical history and potential allergies before selecting a metal for a medical device or implant.

In the medical field, ions are charged particles that are either positively or negatively charged. They are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, and they play a crucial role in many bodily functions. For example, ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are essential for maintaining the proper balance of fluids in the body, which is necessary for proper nerve and muscle function. Imbalances in these ions can lead to a variety of medical conditions, such as hypertension, heart disease, and muscle cramps. In addition, ions are also important in the transmission of nerve impulses and the functioning of the immune system. They are also used in medical treatments such as electrotherapy and iontophoresis, which involve the application of electrical currents to the body to treat various conditions.

Coordination complexes are molecules that consist of a central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands, which are molecules or ions that donate electron pairs to the metal atom or ion. In the medical field, coordination complexes are often used as drugs or as diagnostic agents. One example of a coordination complex used in medicine is cisplatin, which is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer, including ovarian, testicular, and bladder cancer. Cisplatin works by binding to the DNA of cancer cells, causing them to become unable to divide and replicate. Another example of a coordination complex used in medicine is ferrocene, which is a redox-active compound that is used as a redox indicator in diagnostic tests. Ferrocene can be used to measure the levels of certain enzymes or to detect the presence of specific molecules in biological samples. Coordination complexes are also used in the development of new drugs and diagnostic agents. Researchers are constantly exploring new coordination complexes with unique properties that could be useful in medicine. For example, some coordination complexes have been shown to have anti-inflammatory or anti-bacterial properties, and others have been developed as imaging agents for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Metal Ceramic Alloys are a type of dental restoration that is commonly used in the medical field. They are made by fusing a metal base with a ceramic veneer, creating a strong and durable restoration that can withstand the wear and tear of daily use. Metal Ceramic Alloys are often used to replace missing teeth or to repair damaged teeth. They are particularly popular because they are strong, long-lasting, and can be customized to match the color and shape of a patient's natural teeth. In addition to their use in dentistry, Metal Ceramic Alloys are also used in other medical applications, such as in the manufacturing of orthopedic implants and prosthetic devices.

Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for many bodily functions. It is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, including the production of energy, the synthesis of proteins and DNA, and the regulation of muscle and nerve function. In the medical field, magnesium is used to treat a variety of conditions, including: 1. Hypomagnesemia: A deficiency of magnesium in the blood. This can cause symptoms such as muscle cramps, spasms, and seizures. 2. Cardiac arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that can be caused by low levels of magnesium. 3. Pre-eclampsia: A condition that can occur during pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Magnesium supplementation may be used to treat this condition. 4. Chronic kidney disease: Magnesium is often lost in the urine of people with chronic kidney disease, and supplementation may be necessary to maintain adequate levels. 5. Alcohol withdrawal: Magnesium supplementation may be used to treat symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, such as tremors and seizures. 6. Muscle spasms: Magnesium can help to relax muscles and relieve spasms. 7. Anxiety and depression: Some studies have suggested that magnesium supplementation may help to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Magnesium is available in various forms, including oral tablets, capsules, and intravenous solutions. It is important to note that high levels of magnesium can also be toxic, so it is important to use magnesium supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

In the medical field, binding sites refer to specific locations on the surface of a protein molecule where a ligand (a molecule that binds to the protein) can attach. These binding sites are often formed by a specific arrangement of amino acids within the protein, and they are critical for the protein's function. Binding sites can be found on a wide range of proteins, including enzymes, receptors, and transporters. When a ligand binds to a protein's binding site, it can cause a conformational change in the protein, which can alter its activity or function. For example, a hormone may bind to a receptor protein, triggering a signaling cascade that leads to a specific cellular response. Understanding the structure and function of binding sites is important in many areas of medicine, including drug discovery and development, as well as the study of diseases caused by mutations in proteins that affect their binding sites. By targeting specific binding sites on proteins, researchers can develop drugs that modulate protein activity and potentially treat a wide range of diseases.

Metalloproteins are proteins that contain one or more metal ions as a cofactor. These metal ions play a crucial role in the structure and function of the protein. Metalloproteins are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including catalysis, electron transfer, and structural support. Examples of metalloproteins include hemoglobin, which contains iron and is responsible for oxygen transport in the blood, and cytochrome c, which contains heme and is involved in electron transfer in the electron transport chain. Metalloproteins can be classified based on the type of metal ion they contain, such as iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, or calcium. The metal ion can be bound to the protein through coordination bonds with amino acid side chains or other ligands. In the medical field, metalloproteins are important targets for drug discovery and development. For example, drugs that target metalloproteins involved in cancer, inflammation, or neurodegenerative diseases are being actively researched. Additionally, metalloproteins are also important for understanding the mechanisms of diseases and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

In the medical field, "Metals, Light" typically refers to the use of light-emitting metals or metal compounds in medical treatments. This can include the use of lasers, which are often used in surgical procedures, as well as other forms of light therapy. For example, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a type of cancer treatment that involves the use of a light-sensitive drug and a special light source to destroy cancer cells. The drug is absorbed by the cancer cells, and when it is exposed to the light, it generates reactive oxygen species that damage the cancer cells. Another example is the use of metal-based photothermal agents, which are used to heat up tumors or other diseased tissue when exposed to light. This can cause the tissue to die or be destroyed by the body's immune system. Overall, the use of metals and light in medicine is a rapidly developing field with many potential applications, including cancer treatment, wound healing, and the treatment of other diseases.

Dental alloys are a type of metal or metal mixture used in dentistry to create dental restorations such as fillings, crowns, bridges, and implants. These alloys are typically composed of a combination of metals, including gold, silver, copper, tin, and zinc, and are designed to have specific properties that make them suitable for use in the mouth. Dental alloys are chosen based on their strength, durability, biocompatibility, and aesthetic properties. For example, gold alloys are strong and durable, making them ideal for use in the back teeth, while porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns are often used in the front teeth because they can be matched to the color of the natural teeth. It is important to note that dental alloys can contain trace amounts of potentially harmful elements, such as mercury and nickel, which can cause allergic reactions in some people. As a result, dental professionals are required to follow strict guidelines for handling and disposing of dental alloys to minimize the risk of exposure to these elements.

Chromium alloys are a type of metal that are commonly used in the medical field due to their unique properties. These alloys are typically composed of chromium, which is combined with other metals such as molybdenum, nickel, and cobalt to create a strong, durable, and corrosion-resistant material. In the medical field, chromium alloys are often used to make orthopedic implants, such as hip and knee replacements, dental implants, and spinal implants. These implants are designed to be strong and long-lasting, and to withstand the wear and tear of daily use. They are also biocompatible, meaning that they are less likely to cause an adverse reaction in the body. Chromium alloys are also used in other medical applications, such as in the production of surgical instruments and medical devices. They are known for their high strength, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand high temperatures, which makes them ideal for use in these applications. Overall, chromium alloys are an important material in the medical field due to their unique properties and versatility. They are used in a wide range of medical applications, and are known for their durability, strength, and biocompatibility.

In the medical field, cations are positively charged ions that are found in the body fluids, such as blood and extracellular fluid. They are important for maintaining the proper balance of electrolytes in the body and for regulating various physiological processes, such as nerve function, muscle contraction, and fluid balance. Cations are classified based on their charge and chemical properties. The most common cations in the body include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and hydrogen (H+). These ions play important roles in various bodily functions, and imbalances in their levels can lead to a range of health problems, such as muscle cramps, heart arrhythmias, and seizures. In medical testing, cations are often measured in blood or urine samples using various analytical techniques, such as ion-selective electrodes or atomic absorption spectroscopy. Monitoring cation levels is important for diagnosing and treating various medical conditions, such as kidney disease, acid-base disorders, and electrolyte imbalances.

In the medical field, catalysis refers to the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or altered in the process. Catalysts are commonly used in medical research and drug development to speed up the synthesis of compounds or to optimize the efficiency of chemical reactions. For example, enzymes are biological catalysts that play a crucial role in many metabolic processes in the body. In medical research, enzymes are often used as catalysts to speed up the synthesis of drugs or to optimize the efficiency of chemical reactions involved in drug metabolism. Catalysis is also used in medical imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where contrast agents are used to enhance the visibility of certain tissues or organs. These contrast agents are often synthesized using catalytic reactions to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. Overall, catalysis plays a critical role in many areas of medical research and drug development, helping to accelerate the synthesis of compounds and optimize the efficiency of chemical reactions.

Edetic acid, also known as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), is a synthetic organic acid that is commonly used in the medical field as a chelating agent. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid that is used to dissolve minerals and other metal ions in solution. In medicine, EDTA is often used to treat heavy metal poisoning, such as lead or mercury poisoning, by binding to the metal ions and facilitating their excretion from the body. It is also used as an anticoagulant in blood tests and as a component of certain contrast agents used in diagnostic imaging procedures. EDTA is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and intravenous solutions. It is generally considered safe when used as directed, but high doses or prolonged use can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions.

In the medical field, aluminum is a metal that is commonly used in various medical devices and implants. It is often used in orthopedic implants, such as hip and knee replacements, due to its strength, durability, and biocompatibility. However, aluminum has also been linked to certain health problems, particularly in individuals with kidney disease or other conditions that affect the body's ability to excrete aluminum. Long-term exposure to high levels of aluminum has been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. Therefore, in the medical field, the use of aluminum in medical devices and implants is carefully regulated to minimize the risk of aluminum exposure and potential health effects.

Stainless steel is a type of steel that is resistant to corrosion and rust due to the presence of chromium in its composition. In the medical field, stainless steel is commonly used in the manufacturing of medical devices and implants due to its durability, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. Stainless steel is used in a variety of medical applications, including surgical instruments, dental equipment, orthopedic implants, and cardiovascular devices. It is also used in the construction of medical facilities, such as hospital beds, surgical tables, and examination tables. One of the key benefits of using stainless steel in the medical field is its biocompatibility. Stainless steel is generally considered to be non-toxic and non-reactive with human tissue, making it a safe material for use in medical devices and implants. Additionally, stainless steel is easy to clean and sterilize, which is important in preventing the spread of infection in healthcare settings. Overall, stainless steel is a versatile and reliable material that is widely used in the medical field due to its durability, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion.

In the medical field, arsenic is a toxic heavy metal that can cause a range of health problems when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Arsenic is found naturally in the environment and can also be released into the air, water, and soil through human activities such as mining, smelting, and the use of certain pesticides and herbicides. Long-term exposure to arsenic can lead to a variety of health problems, including skin lesions, respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Arsenic poisoning can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache. In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and death. In the medical field, arsenic poisoning is treated by removing the source of exposure and providing supportive care to manage symptoms. In some cases, chelation therapy may be used to remove arsenic from the body. It is important to note that the risk of arsenic poisoning can be reduced by avoiding exposure to contaminated water and soil, and by following safe practices when handling and disposing of arsenic-containing materials.

Titanium is a metal that is commonly used in the medical field due to its unique properties, such as its high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. It is often used in medical implants, such as hip and knee replacements, dental implants, and spinal implants, due to its ability to integrate well with the body and its durability. Titanium is also used in surgical instruments and medical equipment, such as pacemakers and defibrillators, due to its resistance to corrosion and its ability to withstand high temperatures. Additionally, titanium is sometimes used in the fabrication of prosthetic limbs and other medical devices.

In the medical field, alloys are typically used in the manufacturing of medical devices and implants. Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals, or metals and non-metals, that have been combined to create a new material with unique properties that are not found in the individual metals. For example, stainless steel is an alloy that is commonly used in medical implants such as hip and knee replacements, dental crowns, and surgical instruments. The combination of iron, chromium, and nickel in stainless steel provides strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion, making it an ideal material for medical applications. Other alloys used in the medical field include titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, and nickel-titanium alloys. These alloys are often used in orthopedic implants, cardiovascular devices, and dental restorations due to their unique properties such as biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and high strength-to-weight ratio. Overall, the use of alloys in the medical field has revolutionized the way medical devices and implants are designed and manufactured, allowing for improved patient outcomes and quality of life.

In the medical field, an amino acid sequence refers to the linear order of amino acids in a protein molecule. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, and the specific sequence of these amino acids determines the protein's structure and function. The amino acid sequence is determined by the genetic code, which is a set of rules that specifies how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Each amino acid is represented by a three-letter code, and the sequence of these codes is the amino acid sequence of the protein. The amino acid sequence is important because it determines the protein's three-dimensional structure, which in turn determines its function. Small changes in the amino acid sequence can have significant effects on the protein's structure and function, and this can lead to diseases or disorders. For example, mutations in the amino acid sequence of a protein involved in blood clotting can lead to bleeding disorders.

In the medical field, organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a metal atom bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule. These compounds have a wide range of applications in medicine, including as drugs, diagnostic agents, and catalysts for various chemical reactions. One example of an organometallic compound used in medicine is cisplatin, which is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer. Cisplatin contains a platinum atom bonded to two carbon atoms from organic molecules, and its mechanism of action involves binding to DNA and inhibiting its replication. Another example is ferrocene, which is an organometallic compound containing a ferrocene moiety. Ferrocene has been studied for its potential as a treatment for various diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease, due to its ability to modulate cellular signaling pathways. Overall, organometallic compounds have a significant impact on the medical field, and ongoing research is exploring their potential for new therapeutic applications.

Gallium is a chemical element with the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is used in a variety of medical applications, including: 1. Radiopharmaceuticals: Gallium-67 is a radioactive isotope of gallium that is used in nuclear medicine to diagnose and treat various types of cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and breast cancer. 2. Imaging agents: Gallium compounds are used as imaging agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans to detect and diagnose various medical conditions, including infections, tumors, and inflammatory diseases. 3. Cancer treatment: Gallium nitrate is a medication that is used to treat certain types of cancer, including multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 4. Wound healing: Gallium nitrate has been shown to promote wound healing by reducing inflammation and increasing blood flow to the affected area. Overall, gallium has a variety of medical applications, and its unique properties make it a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions.

Crystallography, X-ray is a technique used in the medical field to study the structure of biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, by analyzing the diffraction patterns produced by X-rays passing through the sample. This technique is used to determine the three-dimensional structure of these molecules, which is important for understanding their function and for developing new drugs and therapies. X-ray crystallography is a powerful tool that has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of many important biological processes and diseases.

In the medical field, gold alloys are a type of metal that is commonly used in dental restorations, such as fillings, crowns, and bridges. Gold alloys are made by combining gold with other metals, such as silver, copper, and tin, to create a strong and durable material that is resistant to corrosion and wear. Gold alloys are often used in dental restorations because they have a number of properties that make them ideal for this purpose. For example, they are biocompatible, meaning that they are generally well-tolerated by the body and do not cause allergic reactions or other adverse effects. They are also highly resistant to wear and tear, which means that they can withstand the forces of chewing and biting without breaking or cracking. In addition to their use in dental restorations, gold alloys are also used in other medical applications, such as in the manufacture of orthopedic implants and surgical instruments. They are known for their strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion, which makes them well-suited for use in these types of applications.

Phenanthrolines are a class of organic compounds that are commonly used as chelating agents in the medical field. They are particularly useful in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning, as they can bind to the metal ions and help to remove them from the body. Phenanthrolines are also used as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, and have been studied for their potential use in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. One of the most well-known phenanthrolines is procaine, which is a local anesthetic used in dentistry and other medical procedures. Other phenanthrolines that are used in medicine include hydralazine, which is used to treat high blood pressure, and amantadine, which is used to treat Parkinson's disease and influenza. Overall, phenanthrolines are a versatile class of compounds with a wide range of potential medical applications.

Palladium is a chemical element with the symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is highly resistant to corrosion and is often used in jewelry and dental work. In the medical field, palladium is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer and lung cancer. It is also used in the production of medical equipment and in the manufacture of certain drugs. Palladium is not typically used as a medication on its own, but rather as a component in other treatments.

In the medical field, industrial waste refers to any waste materials generated during the production, processing, or distribution of medical products or services. This can include a wide range of materials, such as packaging materials, contaminated equipment, used needles and syringes, biological waste, and chemical waste. Medical industrial waste is considered hazardous because it can contain infectious agents, toxins, and other harmful substances that can pose a risk to human health and the environment if not properly managed. As a result, medical facilities are required to follow strict regulations and guidelines for the collection, storage, transportation, and disposal of medical industrial waste to ensure that it is handled safely and responsibly.

Tungsten is a chemical element with the symbol W and atomic number 74. It is a hard, dense, and lustrous transition metal that is often used in medical applications due to its unique properties. One of the main uses of tungsten in medicine is in the production of medical devices such as surgical instruments, dental tools, and prosthetic implants. Tungsten is used because of its high melting point, which allows it to withstand the high temperatures generated during surgical procedures. It is also highly resistant to corrosion, which makes it ideal for use in medical devices that are exposed to bodily fluids. Tungsten is also used in radiation therapy for cancer treatment. Tungsten-based shielding materials are used to protect medical personnel and patients from the harmful effects of radiation during treatment. Tungsten is also used in the production of radiation therapy equipment, such as linear accelerators and brachytherapy sources. In addition, tungsten is used in the production of medical imaging equipment, such as X-ray machines and computed tomography (CT) scanners. Tungsten is used in the construction of X-ray targets, which are used to produce high-energy X-rays that are used to create images of the inside of the body. Overall, tungsten is an important material in the medical field due to its unique properties, which make it ideal for use in a wide range of medical applications.

Histidine is an amino acid that is naturally occurring in the human body. It is a building block of proteins and is essential for the proper functioning of many bodily processes. In the medical field, histidine is often used as a diagnostic tool to help diagnose certain medical conditions. For example, high levels of histidine in the blood can be a sign of a genetic disorder called histidinemia, which can cause a range of symptoms including intellectual disability, seizures, and liver problems. Histidine is also used in the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as acidosis, which is a condition in which the body's pH balance is disrupted.

Heavy metal poisoning of the nervous system refers to the accumulation of toxic heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, in the brain and nervous system. These metals can interfere with the normal functioning of the nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms and health problems. The symptoms of heavy metal poisoning of the nervous system can vary depending on the type and amount of metal present, as well as the duration of exposure. Some common symptoms include: - Memory loss - Difficulty concentrating - Numbness or tingling in the extremities - Muscle weakness - Tremors - Seizures - Paralysis - Loss of coordination - Vision problems - Hearing loss Long-term exposure to heavy metals can also lead to more serious health problems, such as brain damage, organ failure, and even death. Treatment for heavy metal poisoning of the nervous system typically involves removing the source of exposure and chelation therapy, which involves administering medications that bind to the heavy metals and help remove them from the body. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive care may be necessary.

Vanadium is a chemical element that is not commonly used in the medical field. However, some research has suggested that vanadium may have potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of certain conditions. For example, vanadium has been studied for its potential to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes. Some studies have suggested that vanadium may also have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic effects of vanadium and to determine its safety and efficacy in the treatment of various medical conditions. It is important to note that vanadium supplements are not regulated by the FDA and their safety and efficacy have not been fully established. Therefore, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using vanadium supplements or considering it as a potential treatment for any medical condition.

Zinc compounds are chemical compounds that contain the element zinc. Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in many biological processes in the human body, including immune function, wound healing, and protein synthesis. Zinc compounds are used in the medical field for a variety of purposes, including the treatment of zinc deficiency, the prevention and treatment of infections, and the management of certain skin conditions. Some common zinc compounds used in medicine include zinc sulfate, zinc gluconate, and zinc acetate. These compounds are available in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, and topical creams, and are typically prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Manganese compounds are chemical compounds that contain the element manganese. In the medical field, manganese compounds are used for a variety of purposes, including as dietary supplements, as treatments for certain medical conditions, and as research tools. One of the main uses of manganese compounds in medicine is as a dietary supplement. Manganese is an essential trace element that is important for a number of bodily functions, including the formation of bones and connective tissue, the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids, and the production of sex hormones. Manganese supplements are often used to treat or prevent deficiencies of this important nutrient. Manganese compounds are also used in the treatment of certain medical conditions. For example, manganese gluconate, a compound that contains manganese and the sugar glucose, is sometimes used to treat Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder that causes the body to accumulate too much copper. Manganese is also used in the treatment of certain types of anemia, such as sideroblastic anemia, and in the treatment of certain neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. In addition to their therapeutic uses, manganese compounds are also used as research tools in the medical field. For example, manganese ions are often used as a probe to study the function of certain proteins and enzymes in the brain, and manganese compounds are used to study the effects of manganese exposure on the brain and nervous system. Overall, manganese compounds play an important role in the medical field, both as dietary supplements and as treatments for certain medical conditions, and as research tools to help scientists better understand the function of the body.

Bacterial proteins are proteins that are synthesized by bacteria. They are essential for the survival and function of bacteria, and play a variety of roles in bacterial metabolism, growth, and pathogenicity. Bacterial proteins can be classified into several categories based on their function, including structural proteins, metabolic enzymes, regulatory proteins, and toxins. Structural proteins provide support and shape to the bacterial cell, while metabolic enzymes are involved in the breakdown of nutrients and the synthesis of new molecules. Regulatory proteins control the expression of other genes, and toxins can cause damage to host cells and tissues. Bacterial proteins are of interest in the medical field because they can be used as targets for the development of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. They can also be used as diagnostic markers for bacterial infections, and as vaccines to prevent bacterial diseases. Additionally, some bacterial proteins have been shown to have therapeutic potential, such as enzymes that can break down harmful substances in the body or proteins that can stimulate the immune system.

In the medical field, uranium is primarily used as a radioactive isotope for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. One of the most common uses of uranium in medicine is in nuclear medicine, where it is used to create radiopharmaceuticals that can be used to diagnose and treat various diseases. For example, uranium-235 is used to produce technetium-99m, which is a widely used radiopharmaceutical for imaging the heart, brain, bones, and other organs. Uranium-238 is also used in radiation therapy to treat cancer. In this treatment, small amounts of uranium-238 are administered to the patient, and the radioactive decay of the uranium-238 produces alpha particles that can damage cancer cells and kill them. However, it is important to note that uranium is also a highly toxic heavy metal and can cause serious health problems if not handled properly. Therefore, its use in medicine is carefully regulated and monitored to ensure the safety of patients and medical personnel.

In the medical field, "tin" typically refers to a type of metal that is used in the production of certain medical devices and implants. Tin is a soft, silvery-white metal that is often alloyed with other metals, such as copper or zinc, to improve its strength and durability. One common use of tin in medicine is in the production of orthopedic implants, such as hip and knee replacements. Tin can be alloyed with other metals to create a strong, corrosion-resistant material that is suitable for use in the body. Tin is also used in the production of certain types of medical equipment, such as X-ray machines and MRI machines. In these applications, tin is used to shield the equipment from external radiation and to protect patients from unnecessary exposure to radiation. Overall, tin is an important material in the medical field due to its strength, durability, and ability to be alloyed with other metals to create a wide range of medical devices and implants.

In the medical field, corrosion refers to the degradation or destruction of a material, such as a medical device or implant, due to chemical reactions with its environment. This can occur when the material comes into contact with bodily fluids, such as blood or saliva, or with other substances, such as disinfectants or cleaning agents. Corrosion can lead to a number of problems in medical devices and implants, including reduced effectiveness, increased risk of infection, and failure of the device or implant. For example, corrosion of a metal implant can cause it to weaken or fracture, leading to the need for surgical removal or replacement. To prevent corrosion in medical devices and implants, manufacturers often use corrosion-resistant materials, such as titanium or stainless steel, and apply coatings or other protective treatments to the surface of the device or implant. Additionally, healthcare providers may follow specific protocols for cleaning and maintaining medical devices to minimize the risk of corrosion.

In the medical field, "gold" typically refers to the use of gold compounds in the treatment of certain medical conditions. Gold has been used in medicine for centuries, and it is still used today in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Gold therapy involves the administration of gold compounds, usually in the form of a pill or injection, to help reduce inflammation and pain. The exact mechanism of action of gold therapy is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve the modulation of the immune system and the production of anti-inflammatory molecules. Gold therapy is generally considered safe and effective, although it can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and skin rashes. It is important to note that gold therapy is not suitable for everyone, and it should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.

In the medical field, oxides refer to compounds that contain oxygen and another element. These compounds can be found in various forms, such as minerals, gases, and solids, and they play important roles in various biological processes. For example, calcium oxide (CaO) is a common oxide that is used in the treatment of acid reflux and ulcers. It works by neutralizing stomach acid and forming a protective layer on the stomach lining. Another example is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a powerful oxidizing agent that is used in wound care to kill bacteria and promote healing. In addition to their therapeutic uses, oxides are also important in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions. For example, the measurement of blood oxygen levels is a critical part of respiratory and cardiovascular monitoring, and the use of oxygen therapy is a common treatment for patients with respiratory distress. Overall, oxides play important roles in many aspects of medicine, from the treatment of specific conditions to the diagnosis and monitoring of patients.

In the medical field, "steel" typically refers to surgical instruments made of stainless steel. Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains a minimum of 10.5% chromium, which makes it resistant to corrosion and rust. Surgical instruments made of stainless steel are commonly used in a variety of medical procedures, including surgeries, wound care, and dental procedures. These instruments are designed to be durable, precise, and easy to clean and sterilize. It's worth noting that while stainless steel is a common material used in surgical instruments, there are other materials that may be used as well, such as titanium, carbon fiber, and ceramic. The choice of material depends on the specific application and the desired properties of the instrument.

In the medical field, ferrous compounds refer to compounds that contain iron in its ferrous form, which is the form of iron that is present in hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Ferrous compounds are often used to treat iron deficiency anemia, a condition in which the body does not have enough iron to produce enough hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Ferrous compounds can be administered orally or intravenously and are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and injections. Some common examples of ferrous compounds used in medicine include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate.

The Lanthanoid Series Elements are a group of 15 chemical elements, including cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, and lawrencium. These elements are located in the periodic table between lanthanum and actinium in the f-block, and are often referred to as the "lanthanides" or "rare earth elements." In the medical field, Lanthanoid Series Elements have a variety of applications. For example, gadolinium is commonly used as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to enhance the visibility of certain tissues and organs. Europium is used in the production of fluorescent materials, which are used in medical imaging devices such as X-ray machines and computed tomography (CT) scanners. Dysprosium is used in the production of high-strength magnets, which are used in medical devices such as MRI machines and surgical tools. Overall, Lanthanoid Series Elements play an important role in the medical field due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which make them useful in a wide range of medical applications.

RNA, Catalytic, also known as ribozyme, is a type of RNA molecule that has the ability to catalyze chemical reactions, similar to enzymes. Unlike proteins, which are the traditional enzymes found in cells, ribozymes are composed entirely of RNA and can perform a variety of functions within cells, including splicing, editing, and catalyzing the formation of new RNA molecules. Ribozymes have been found to play important roles in various biological processes, including the regulation of gene expression, the synthesis of proteins, and the maintenance of cellular metabolism. They have also been implicated in the evolution of life, as they may have been the first biological molecules to exhibit catalytic activity, predating the emergence of proteins as the primary catalysts in cells.

In the medical field, a catalytic domain is a region of a protein that is responsible for catalyzing a specific chemical reaction. Catalytic domains are often found in enzymes, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. These domains are typically composed of a specific sequence of amino acids that form a three-dimensional structure that allows them to bind to specific substrates and catalyze their breakdown or synthesis. Catalytic domains are important for many biological processes, including metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression. They are also the target of many drugs, which can be designed to interfere with the activity of specific catalytic domains in order to treat diseases.

Mercury poisoning is a condition that occurs when a person is exposed to high levels of mercury, a toxic metal that can cause damage to the body. Mercury can be found in various forms, including elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds, and organic mercury compounds such as methylmercury. The symptoms of mercury poisoning can vary depending on the type and duration of exposure. Short-term exposure to high levels of mercury can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory problems. Long-term exposure to lower levels of mercury can cause more serious health problems, including neurological damage, kidney damage, and developmental delays in children. Mercury poisoning can occur through various routes of exposure, including inhalation of mercury vapor, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and skin contact with mercury or mercury compounds. People who work with mercury or live in areas with high levels of mercury in the environment are at a higher risk of mercury poisoning. Treatment for mercury poisoning depends on the severity of the exposure and the symptoms present. In some cases, chelation therapy may be used to remove mercury from the body. However, this treatment is generally reserved for severe cases and is not without risks. Prevention is the best way to avoid mercury poisoning, and this includes avoiding exposure to mercury and properly disposing of mercury-containing products.

Molybdenum is a chemical element that is not essential for human health, but it is used in some medical applications. In the medical field, molybdenum is primarily used as a trace element in dietary supplements and as a component of certain medical devices. Molybdenum is a transition metal that is found in small amounts in many foods, including leafy green vegetables, legumes, and whole grains. It is also used in some dietary supplements to support bone health, cardiovascular health, and immune function. In addition to its use in dietary supplements, molybdenum is also used in some medical devices, such as orthopedic implants and dental restorations. Molybdenum is used in these devices because of its high strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. Overall, while molybdenum is not essential for human health, it has some important medical applications and is used in a variety of medical devices and dietary supplements.

In the medical field, metalloids are a group of elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. They are located in the periodic table between the metals and nonmetals and include elements such as boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium. Metalloids are often used in medical applications due to their unique properties, such as their ability to conduct electricity and heat, their high melting and boiling points, and their ability to form covalent bonds with other elements. Some common medical applications of metalloids include: 1. Boron: Boron is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer, as it can help to slow the growth of cancer cells. 2. Silicon: Silicon is used in the production of medical devices, such as artificial joints and dental implants, as well as in the production of certain types of glass and ceramics used in medical equipment. 3. Germanium: Germanium is used in the production of certain types of medical imaging equipment, such as positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. 4. Arsenic: Arsenic is used in the treatment of certain types of skin conditions, such as psoriasis, as well as in the treatment of certain types of cancer. Overall, metalloids play an important role in the medical field due to their unique properties and potential medical applications.

In the medical field, "platinum" typically refers to a type of chemotherapy drug called a platinum agent. Platinum agents are a class of chemotherapy drugs that are commonly used to treat various types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, and lung cancer. The most well-known platinum agent is cisplatin, which was first discovered in the 1960s and has been used in cancer treatment for decades. Other platinum agents include carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Platinum agents work by binding to DNA and disrupting the normal process of cell division, which can lead to the death of cancer cells. However, they can also have side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and damage to the kidneys and hearing. It's important to note that the use of platinum agents in cancer treatment is highly individualized and depends on a variety of factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences.

In the medical field, a base sequence refers to the specific order of nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that make up the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of an organism. The base sequence determines the genetic information encoded within the DNA molecule and ultimately determines the traits and characteristics of an individual. The base sequence can be analyzed using various techniques, such as DNA sequencing, to identify genetic variations or mutations that may be associated with certain diseases or conditions.

In the medical field, ferric compounds refer to compounds that contain the ferric ion (Fe3+), which is a form of iron. Ferric compounds are commonly used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, a condition in which the body does not have enough iron to produce healthy red blood cells. There are several types of ferric compounds that are used in medical treatment, including ferrous sulfate (also known as iron sulfate), ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, and ferric carboxymaltose. These compounds are typically administered orally or intravenously, and they work by providing the body with the iron it needs to produce red blood cells. Ferric compounds can also be used to treat other conditions, such as iron overload disorders, where the body has too much iron. In these cases, ferric compounds may be used to remove excess iron from the body through a process called chelation therapy. It is important to note that ferric compounds can have side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and dark stools. It is also important to follow the recommended dosage and to speak with a healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about taking ferric compounds.

Beryllium is a chemical element with the symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a lightweight, strong, and highly reactive metal that has been used in various applications in the medical field. In the medical field, beryllium is primarily used in the diagnosis and treatment of beryllium disease, which is a chronic lung disorder caused by exposure to beryllium dust or fumes. Beryllium disease can cause inflammation and scarring of the lungs, which can lead to difficulty breathing and other respiratory problems. Beryllium is also used in the production of medical imaging equipment, such as X-ray machines and computed tomography (CT) scanners. Beryllium is used in the construction of the X-ray tube, which generates X-rays that are used to create images of the inside of the body. In addition, beryllium is used in the production of certain medical devices, such as pacemakers and defibrillators. Beryllium is used in the construction of the magnets that are used to generate the magnetic fields that are necessary for these devices to function properly. Overall, beryllium has a number of important applications in the medical field, but it is also a potent irritant and can cause serious health problems if not handled properly. As a result, medical professionals and researchers who work with beryllium must take appropriate precautions to protect themselves and others from exposure to this hazardous substance.

Apoenzymes are proteins that are produced by cells and are involved in various metabolic processes. They are often referred to as "carrier proteins" because they transport enzymes from the site of their synthesis to the site of their action. Apoenzymes are essential for the proper functioning of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body. Enzymes are often unstable and can be easily denatured or inactivated by changes in pH, temperature, or other environmental factors. Apoenzymes help protect enzymes from these factors by binding to them and stabilizing their structure. Apoenzymes are also important for the regulation of enzyme activity. They can bind to specific molecules, such as hormones or other signaling molecules, and modulate the activity of the enzymes they transport. This allows cells to fine-tune their metabolic processes in response to changes in their environment. In the medical field, apoenzymes are often studied in the context of various diseases and disorders. For example, mutations in genes that encode apoenzymes can lead to genetic disorders that affect enzyme function and metabolism. Additionally, changes in the levels of specific apoenzymes can be used as biomarkers for certain diseases, such as liver disease or cancer.

Terbium is a chemical element with the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is used in a variety of applications, including in the medical field. In the medical field, terbium is used in a number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. One of the most common uses of terbium in medicine is in the development of luminescent materials, which are used in a variety of medical imaging techniques. For example, terbium-doped luminescent materials are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the contrast of images and improve the accuracy of diagnoses. Terbium is also used in the development of radiation therapy treatments for cancer. Terbium-169 is a radioactive isotope of terbium that is used in targeted radionuclide therapy to treat certain types of cancer. In this treatment, terbium-169 is attached to a molecule that is designed to target cancer cells specifically, and then the radioactive isotope is used to destroy the cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Overall, terbium plays an important role in the medical field, particularly in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that is used in a variety of applications, including in the medical field. In medicine, ytterbium is used in a number of different ways. One of its most common uses is in the treatment of cancer. Ytterbium-169 is a radioactive isotope that is used in targeted radionuclide therapy to treat certain types of cancer. It is administered to the patient in the form of a radioactive compound that is designed to target and destroy cancer cells. Ytterbium is also used in medical imaging. Ytterbium-90 is a radioactive isotope that is used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans to help doctors diagnose and monitor certain diseases, including cancer and heart disease. In addition to its use in medicine, ytterbium is also used in a variety of other applications, including in the production of high-strength alloys, in the manufacture of electronic devices, and in the production of optical fibers.

Iron-binding proteins are a group of proteins that play a crucial role in the transport and storage of iron in the body. These proteins are responsible for binding to iron ions and facilitating their movement across cell membranes and into cells where they are needed for various metabolic processes. The most well-known iron-binding proteins are ferritin and transferrin. Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in the form of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) within cells. Transferrin, on the other hand, is a plasma protein that binds to iron ions in the bloodstream and transports them to cells where they are needed. Iron-binding proteins are essential for maintaining proper iron levels in the body. Iron is a vital nutrient that is required for the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Iron is also necessary for the function of many enzymes involved in metabolism. Abnormalities in iron-binding proteins can lead to iron deficiency or iron overload, both of which can have serious health consequences. Iron deficiency can cause anemia, fatigue, and weakness, while iron overload can lead to organ damage and an increased risk of certain diseases, such as liver disease and cancer.

Rhodium is a chemical element with the symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white metal that is highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation. In the medical field, rhodium is not commonly used for therapeutic purposes. However, it has been studied for its potential use in cancer treatment. Some research has suggested that rhodium compounds may have anti-cancer properties and may be effective in treating certain types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic applications of rhodium in medicine.

Ethylenediamines are a class of organic compounds that contain two amine groups (-NH2) bonded to a central carbon atom through an ethylene (-CH2-CH2-) bridge. They are commonly used as starting materials for the synthesis of various chemicals and polymers, including polyurethanes, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. In the medical field, ethylenediamines are used as intermediates in the synthesis of various drugs and as corrosion inhibitors in medical equipment. They have also been studied for their potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. One specific ethylenediamine, called diethylenetriamine (DETA), has been used as an antifungal agent in the treatment of fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, its use is limited due to its potential toxicity and side effects. Overall, ethylenediamines are an important class of compounds with a wide range of applications in the medical field, but their use must be carefully monitored to minimize potential risks and side effects.

Sulfhydryl compounds are organic compounds that contain a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. They are also known as thiol compounds. In the medical field, sulfhydryl compounds are important because they play a role in many biological processes, including metabolism, detoxification, and antioxidant defense. They are also used in the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes. Some examples of sulfhydryl compounds include cysteine, glutathione, and methionine.

Clioquinol is an antifungal medication that was once widely used to treat a variety of fungal infections, including dermatophytosis (ringworm), candidiasis (yeast infections), and blastomycosis. It is a quinone derivative that works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi. However, Clioquinol has been associated with serious side effects, including liver damage, and its use has been largely discontinued in many countries. In some cases, it has been used off-label for the treatment of certain types of cancer, but its effectiveness and safety in this context are not well-established. In the medical field, Clioquinol is considered an obsolete medication and is not recommended for routine use. Instead, newer and safer antifungal drugs are available for the treatment of fungal infections.

Metal alloys used in building include bronze (mainly copper and tin); brass (copper and zinc); monel metal and nickel silver, ... the alloying of tin with other metals such as copper to form bronze, and the coating of tin on harder metals, such as tinplated ... Monel metal is an alloy of approximately two-thirds nickel and one-third copper. It is similar to platinum in color. Monel ... Zinc-coated metals were first patented in 1837, separately by M. Sorel in France and H. W. Crawford in England. The methods ...

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"VDM Metals introduces new metal dusting resistant alloy at Achema". VDM Metals. 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-08-09. (Articles ... "Locations". www.vdm-metals.com. 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-08-09. "Company". www.vdm-metals.com. 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-08- ... "VDM Metals develops new high-temperature material for turbochargers". www.vdm-metals.com. 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-08-09. " ... "VDM Metals restructures its organization". VDM Metals. 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2022-08-09. "Fields of application". www.vdm- ...

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... include commonly aluminium, titanium, tantalum, and niobium. Other metals may also be considered as valve metals, ... In electrochemistry, a valve metal is a metal which passes current in only one direction. Usually, in an electrolytic cell, it ... US patent 7248462, "Method of anodizing valve metal derived anode bodies and electrolyte therefore" v t e (Electrochemistry, ... Metallurgical processes, Metals, All stub articles, Electrochemistry stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_metals

Rare metal or Rare Metals may refer to: Avalon Rare Metals, a Canadian mineral extraction company GPS, V1: Rare Metals, an ... any metal of very high value Rare-earth element, any naturally occurring metallic element Rare Metals, Arizona, an ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Rare Metals. If an internal link led you here, you may wish ... unincorporated community in the United States Precious metal (disambiguation) ...

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Achieving this goal necessitates the use of base metal alloys. Some metals like manganese have occasionally been used in coins ... However, there are many more, even for coins made from intrinsically precious metals. Precious metals are always used in ... Comprehensive list of metals and their alloys which have been used at various times, in coins for all types of purposes. (in ... The coinage metals comprise, at a minimum, those metallic chemical elements which have historically been used as components in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinage_metals

... is a widely used term in the metal industry that generally refers to metals which are a by-product of smelting a ... Electronic metals (e.g. gallium and germanium) Power metals (e.g. molybdenum and zirconium) Structural metals (e.g. chromium ... strategic-metal.typepad.com/strategic-metal-report/2010/04/defining-minor-strategic-metals.html#more Lifton, J. (November 15, ... Minor metals do not have a real exchange, and are not traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME). Two characteristics are ...

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... is abstracted and indexed in the following services: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Chemical Abstracts Current ... Synthetic Metals is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering electronic polymers and electronic molecular materials. ... 1999). "Optical Properties of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Synthetic Metals. 103 (1-3): 2555-2558. doi:10.1016/S0379- ... Synthetic Metals. 13 (1-3): 193-205. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(86)90070-6. H. Kataura; et al. ( ...

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... may mean: Titanium, chemical element, atomic number 22 Titanium alloy, metallic material used most notably in ... aircraft production Titanium Metals Corporation This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the ...

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... was founded in 1976 by Forest Brown to provide metal miniatures to the burgeoning fantasy role-playing game ... Martian Metals rapidly became one of the premier miniatures companies in the RPG industry, winning several awards. A major fire ... Martial Metals was a company that produced miniature figures in the 1970s and 1980s for science-fiction tabletop games. ... Martian Metals won two industry awards for their miniatures: At the 1979 Origins Award, the OGRE series won the H.G. Wells ...

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... Inc. is a Canadian metals distribution and processing company. It is one of North America's largest metal ... "Russel Metals: Secrets to being a global leader". The Globe and Mail. 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2018-02-16. "Russel Metals buys U.S ... Russel Metals primarily operates metal distribution and service centres for customers in the oil and gas, manufacturing, and ... "Russel Metals cuts 500 jobs, reduces executive wages". CTV News Toronto. 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2018-02-16. "Russel Metals to ...

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... Corporation (PMC) is best known for having managed the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond, California, owned by ... The name was changed to Permanente Metals Corp. on 8 November 1941. In February 1942 the Todd Corporation acquired Kaiser ... Permanente Metals was henceforth the Kaiser Aluminum & Chemicals Corporation. Kaiser Industries Corporation, Oakland, ... The Permanente Metals Corporation, Incendiary Bombs, and the Costs of Industrial Overexpansion during World War II" (PDF). ...

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... is a Canadian mining company with gold and uranium operations in Namibia, particularly the Norasa uranium project ... "Forsys Metals third-quarter loss increases five per cent to $971,000". The Canadian Press. 14 November 2011. Retrieved 12 ... In November 2008 George Arthur Forrest attempted to buy Forsys Metals through a subsidiary of his Forrest Group, offering CDN$ ... "Company History". Forsys Metals. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Liezel Hill (17 November 2008). "George Forrest International ...

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... Limited is an Australian resources exploration and mining company. Founded in 2001, Centrex Metals was listed on ... In 2019 it described the project as "drill-ready". Company History Centrex Metals Centrex Metals Limited: Admission to Official ... Aussie SSP shores up shaky supply chain Farm Weekly 23 September 2017 Ardmore Centrex Metals Oxley Centrex Metals Goulburn ... Centrex Metals acquired the Oxley potassium project, 125 kilometres (78 miles) south-east of the port of Geraldton, Western ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrex_Metals

... Corporation, known as IMI Imperial Metals Inc. until 2002, is a Canadian metals and mining company. Engaging in ... "Imperial Metals Reports 2016 Production". juniorminingnetwork.com. 17 January 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-17. "Imperial Metals, ... "Imperial Metals, Red Chris Web Overview". 2015-02-03. Archived from the original on 2015-02-04. Retrieved 2015-02-04. Hume,Mark ... "Imperial Metals Company Profile (III), Bloomberg". Bloomberg News. 2015-02-03. " ...

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... light metals, and heavy metals. Light metals had densities of 0.860-5.0 g/cm3; heavy metals 5.308-22.000. The term later became ... The earliest known metals-common metals such as iron, copper, and tin, and precious metals such as silver, gold, and platinum- ... The counterparts to the heavy metals, the light metals, are alluded to by The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society as ... a few heavy metals, such as zinc, mercury, and lead, have some of the characteristics of lighter metals; and lighter metals ...

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... was a metal recycling company based in the Springburn area of Glasgow, Scotland. MC Metals was founded by Jim ... MC Metals Rail issue 171 1 April 1992 pages 26-29 MC Metals Rail issue 172 15 April 1992 pages 34-36 "D8098". Great Central ... Despite being a metal recycling company, this facility played a role in helping some locomotives, primarily diesel locomotives ...

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... (French: FO Metaux), is a trade union representing metalworkers in France, and those in related trades such as ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles containing French-language text, Metal trade ...

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to QX Metals Corp. in February 2019. The Black Sea Copper & Gold Corp. was created following the merger of the Alternative ... QX Metals Corp. (previously known as Black Sea Copper & Gold Corp. and previously Alternative Earth Resources Inc.) is a ...

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"Metals - Edition collector: Feist: Amazon.fr: Musique". Amazon.fr. Retrieved 2011-10-15. Metals at AllMusic Metals at ... "Feist - Metals". Retrieved 2011-10-15. "Metals - Feist". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2011-10-15. "Feist - Metals". αcharts. ... For recording Metals, Feist went to Big Sur with the lyrics almost completed and set up an ad hoc recording studio. Metals was ... "Metals - Feist". AllMusic. Retrieved 2011-10-10. Murray, Noel (2011-10-04). "Feist: Metals". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2011-10- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals_(album)

"Pacific Metals Co Ltd (5541.T)". Reuters. Retrieved 15 September 2015. "Pacific Metals Co Ltd". Corporate Information. 11 ... In 2015, a comparison of Pacific Metals with three other Asian metal producers yielded evidence of a stable production model ... Pacific Metals Co Ltd. is a Japanese company. It is listed on the Nikkei 225. The company manufactures and sells ferronickel ... Through its four subsidiaries and seven associate companies, Pacific Metals engages in the complete production cycle from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Metals

The bank was founded in 1990 by metal processing enterprises. Since 2001, Metals Banka has strengthened its position on the ... Metals banka was included in the BELEX15 index on December 12, 2006 on the Belgrade Stock Exchange. In July 2009, the Vojvodina ... "METALS-BANKA" BECOMES THE DEVELOPMENT BANK OF VOJVODINA , News , Razvojna Banka Vojvodine". www.rbv.rs. Retrieved 2022-06-28. " ... "Metals-banka becomes the Development Bank of Vojvodina". www.rbv.rs. 28 September 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2012. "Razvojna banka ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals-banka

Bauccio, Michael; American Society for Metals (1993). "Refractory metals". ASM metals reference book. ASM International. pp. ... Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in ... It is found in low concentrations with many other metals, in the ores of other refractory metals, platinum or copper ores. It ... Application of these metals requires a protective atmosphere or coating. The refractory metal alloys of molybdenum, niobium, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_metals

Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering related scientific research and technology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals_(journal)

... is a term used to describe a set of metals that are utilized in clean energy applications and can help achieve net ... "Green metals". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2023-09-30. "How to avoid a green-metals crunch". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. ... These metals include copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, neodymium, graphite, lithium, manganese, and molybdenum. Copper is used in ... Saefong, Myra P. "EVs and Cleaner Energy Are Giving a Boost to Copper and Other 'Green' Metals". barrons. Retrieved 2023-09-30 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_metals

From 2009 to 2016 Tasman Metals owned the mining rights to, and explored for, rare earth elements in the Norra Kärr area in the ... Tasman Metals, "a Canadian company for jurisdictional and thereby regulatory purposes," is a Vancouver-based mining company ... Until the mid-2010s Tasman Metals had the Kallak south licence in northern Sweden after which it sold it to Beowulf Mining. ... Prinsloo, Loni (12 July 2010). "Beowulf to buy Tasman Metals' Iron of Sweden unit". Mining Weekly. Retrieved 14 October 2021. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasman_Metals

... Inc. (Silvercorp) is a Canadian-based, China-focused precious metals company engaged in the acquisition, ... The company is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada and the NYSE in the U.S. Silvercorp Metals operates four ... Silvercorp Metals' other material property, the Gaocheng project in Guangdong Province, owned through a 95% Chinese subsidiary ... acquired 12% of SIlvercorp Metals over a period of a week. Shehzad inc. manages the equities and investing on behalf of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvercorp_Metals

... Limited (often referred to as Fortescue Metals Group, FMG, or simply Fortescue) is an Australian iron ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fortescue Metals Group. Fortescue Metals Group Fortescue Future Industries website ( ... "FORTESCUE METALS GROUP AND ANDREW FORREST SUCCEED IN HIGH COURT APPEAL AGAINST ASIC". Corrs. 3 October 2012. Archived from the ... "ASIC v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd and Forrest". Carter Newell. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Hargovan, Assoc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortescue_Metals_Group

... Group Holding Co Ltd Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holding Co. Ltd. Subscribes to $4.9 Million ... Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holding Co.,Ltd Archived 2008-09-07 at the Wayback Machine Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co ... Tongling Non-ferrous Metals (Group) Co., Ltd Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holding Company Limited Archived 2009-01-31 at ... The subsidiary and listed company of Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Holdings Company Limited, Tongling Nonferrous Metals ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongling_Nonferrous_Metals

Class A metals are metals that form hard acids. Hard acids are acids with relatively ionic bonds. These metals, such as iron, ... Class B metals are metals that form soft acids. Soft acids are acids with relatively covalent bonds. These metals, such as lead ... The IUPAC Gold Book provides a more general definition of a class (a) metal ion as "A metal ion that combines preferentially ... the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) "class (b) metal ion". doi:10.1351/goldbook.C01095 v t e (Metals, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_metals

... Corp. is a Canadian multinational precious metals streaming company. It produces over 26 million ounces ... "Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. - Company - Management & Directors". www.wheatonpm.com. Retrieved 12 February 2021. "TMX Money". ... "Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. Sales Preparation". Retrieved October 6, 2017. "Silver Wheaton 2012 Annual Report" (PDF). 2013-03 ... Originally named Silver Wheaton, the company changed its name to Wheaton Precious Metals on May 10, 2017. In 2016, the company ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheaton_Precious_Metals

Are these metals a key bottleneck? We identify metal-specific demand shocks, estimate supply elasticities and pin down the ... Metal prices would reach historical peaks for an unprecedented, sustained period in a net-zero emissions scenario. The total ... Metals are a potentially important input into integrated assessments models of climate change. ... value of metals production would rise more than four-fold for the period 2021 to 2040, rivaling the total value of crude oil ...

https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/10/12/Energy-Transition-Metals-465899

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_metals

Types of metal lathes[edit]. There are many variants of lathes within the metalworking field. Some variations are not all that ... In machining, a metal lathe or metalworking lathe is a large class of lathes designed for precisely machining relatively hard ... Toggle Types of metal lathes subsection * 2.1Center lathe / engine lathe / bench lathe ... The usage of the term metal lathe may also be considered somewhat outdated these days. Plastics and other composite materials ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathe_

Oil & EnergyNatural GasCrude OilCrude Oil MiniBase MetalsAluminiumZinc MiniLead MiniCopperZincNickelAluminium MiniLead ... OthersMentha OilPrecious MetalsGold MGoldSilverGold PetalSilver MicroSilver MGold Guinea ...

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/marketstats/pid-93,pageno-1,sortby-percentchange,sortorder-asc.cms

NINE MILE METALS LTD. (CSE: NINE, OTCQB: VMSXF, FSE: KQ9) (the ... About Nine Mile Metals Ltd.:. Nine Mile Metals Ltd. is a ... Nine Mile Metals Ltd.. VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 29, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NINE MILE METALS LTD. (CSE: NINE, OTCQB: ...

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nine-mile-metals-updates-flow-231200424.html

Metals, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal. ... Valuable metal (Hg/Se/Pb) can be recovered from acid mud by ... Metals, Volume 12, Issue 6 (June 2022) - 167 articles Cover Story (view full-size image): The archaeological iron from the " ... Valuable metal (Hg/Se/Pb) can be recovered from acid mud by heat treatment. For safe disposal of the toxic acid mud, a new ... The cold metal transfer (CMT)-WAAM system with good control of heat input was used to fabricate the multi-trace and multilayer ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/6

Precious Metals Quotes by Currency. Metals Futures. Kitco Silver. Base Metals. Strategic Metals. Text Quotes. Free Web Quote ... All Metal Quotes All Metal Quotes. London Fix Prices. Shanghai Gold Fix. Precious Metals Prices Today. *Gold Price Today ...

https://www.kitco.com/pressrelease/

Public Comments on Metals and Controls Corp. Documents. How to Submit Comments. Comments on Metals and Controls Corp. Documents ... Advisory Board Work Group on Metals and Controls Corp.. This Work Group is responsible for a review of the Metals and Controls ... Advisory Board and NIOSH Discussions on Metals and Controls Corp.. The Metals and Controls Corp. discussion papers listed below ... SC&A Draft: Metals and Controls Corp. Exposure Pathway Evaluation [735 KB (34 pages)]. Contract No. 75D30119C04183. Document No ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/metcont.html

Two attorneys explain why a strong sales contract is a necessity in the metals industry. ... However, the end-user now claims the metal in your most recent shipment is defective and is demanding their money back, and ... Imagine for 10 years, you have sold your metal goods to a customer with nothing more than calls and handshakes. Your customer, ... your customer and the end-users have been very happy with your service and the quality of your metal. ...

https://www.sme.org/technologies/articles/2021/april/legal-insights-for-the-metals-industry/

Find the latest in modern metal music at Last.fm. ... nu metal. Modern metal, like Modern rock, is an Umbrella term, ... Genres considered part of Modern metal include melodic death metal, metalcore, cyber metal, djent and sometimes progressive ... Genres considered part of Modern metal include melodic death metal, metalcore, cyber metal, djent and sometimes progressive ... Genres considered part of Modern metal include melodic death metal, metalcore, cyber metal, djent and sometimes progressive ...

https://www.last.fm/tag/modern+metal

... : July-29-2020. By: Chintan Karnani, Insignia Consultants ... metals and commodities reflect the views of the individual analyst, In no event shall Insignia Consultants or its employees ...

http://news.goldseek.com/InsigniaConsultants/1413439380.php

Bacteria: Radioactive elements replace essential rare earth metals. Date:. May 11, 2023. Source:. Ludwig-Maximilians- ... "Bacteria: Radioactive elements replace essential rare earth metals." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases. /. 2023. ... 2023, May 11). Bacteria: Radioactive elements replace essential rare earth metals. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 30, 2023 ... "Bacteria: Radioactive elements replace essential rare earth metals." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 11 May 2023. ,www.sciencedaily ...

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/05/230511164542.htm

2.7.10.1 metals.inc. Colors: P_Brass1. Dark brown bronze. P_Brass2. Somewhat lighter brown than Brass4. Old penny, in soft ...

http://www.povray.org/documentation/view/3.6.1/462/

METAL SLUG. Players can utilize various weapons and vehicles such as the METAL SLUG to sway the fight in their favor. ... METAL SLUG is the original entry in one of the most famous action game series ever released. It was originally released by SNK ... METAL SLUG. Players can utilize various weapons and vehicles such as the METAL SLUG to sway the fight in their favor. The ACA ... METAL SLUG is the original entry in one of the most famous action game series ever released. It was originally released by SNK ...

https://www.xbox.com/en-us/games/store/aca-neogeo-metal-slug/c5db629hcwpk

... decks and digital sound to metal music. Not to be confused with thrash or industrial, NuMetal bands tend to be more commercial ... Comparing Nu-metal too traditional metal is apsolutly stupid, it is not that kind of metal. Theres Metal, Heavy metal, and ... Nu-metal is reviled by dedicated metal purists, particularly classic metal and death/black metal fans. This is because it is ... Nu-metal is not a true metal, it is an entirely different genre, that was simply given birth by Metal, to compare the two is ...

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=nu-metal

Game Groups , Metal Gear series Metal Gear games, self-described as "tactical espionage action", are action games with a heavy ... Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain -... (2015) Xbox One, PlayStation 3 (+2 more) DLC / Add-on n/a ... Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain -... (2015) Xbox One, Xbox 360 (+2 more) DLC / Add-on n/a ... Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain -... (2015) Xbox One, PlayStation 3 (+2 more) DLC / Add-on n/a ...

https://www.mobygames.com/group/380/metal-gear-series/

Metals Recovery. This global impetus is a further fillip for "green" metals such as copper, palladium and platinum. Each plays ... But copper is not the only metal that is a likely beneficiary of the ambition for a greener future. The platinum group metals ( ... Copper and the platinum group metals are used heavily in wind energy and cleaner vehicles ... But in the longer-term, the red metal also has powerful secular trends supporting it. One quarter of all carbon emissions come ...

https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/2bsx9eygucnbn2yd9y96o/innovation/covid-response-boosts-green-metals

High-quality oxide production from metal chlorides (Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Mg, etc.) ...

https://www.andritz.com/metals-en/technology-innovation

Todays metals manufacturers must actively manage inventory by keeping it down, keeping it simple, keeping it moving, and ... As noted above, this challenge is not unique to metals companies; in fact, metals companies could learn a great deal from best ... Why Inventory Management in Metals Can Be Complicated. Inventory management varies widely among metals companies. Companies in ... Metals Manufacturing: Four Rules for Managing Inventory Better. March 01, 2016 By Claudio Knizek, Amit Ganeriwalla, Felix ...

https://www.bcg.com/publications/2016/supply-chain-management-metals-manufacturing-four-rules-managing-inventory-better

This paper presents a promising hydrometallurgical process to recover precious metals from waste PCBs. To simplify the metal ... The results showed that 1 M HCl recovered all of the metals from 4 cm × 4 cm PCBs at room temperature and 150 rpm shaking speed ... Among the leaching reagents examined, hydrochloric acid (HCl) showed great potential for the recovery of metals. The HCl- ... The shaking speed showed a pronounced positive effect on metal recovery, but the temperature showed an insignificant effect. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep14574?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3d942867-8058-4d84-8deb-d0c895d0d319

Belgrad hailed the Metal Gear IP as "loaded with well-developed, intriguing characters and one of the first games to ever use ... Landau also hinted the Metal Gear Solid movie may just be the beginning. "There are other games we are looking to develop," the ... Sony Pictures making Metal Gear movie. [UPDATE] Executive confirms his movie studio is working on the live-action adaptation of ... "I have received many offers to adapt Metal Gear Solid. It has taken a long time, but we have finally settled on an arrangement ...

https://www.gamespot.com/articles/sony-pictures-making-metal-gear-movie/1100-6165595/

This Is Heavy Metal - pierwszy singel, promujący album Babez for Breakfast fińskiego zespołu hardrockowego Lordi, wydany w roku ... Źródło: „https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=This_Is_Heavy_Metal&oldid=70640261" ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_Heavy_Metal

DonateWikiForumsChat (IRC)Bug TrackerBlogTwitterUse beta site. Brought to you by MetaBrainz Foundation and our sponsors and supporters. Cover Art provided by the Cover Art Archive. ...

https://musicbrainz.org/genre/5c7785e6-a0b4-4441-a1e6-4fd4c0066a5f

Vitra most frequently uses aluminium and steel for metal components. Since 94% less energy is required to produce recycled ... Metal (textured). Vitra most frequently uses aluminium and steel for metal components. Since 94% less energy is required to ...

https://www.vitra.com/en-us/professionals/tools/colour-material-library/details/metal-textured/material%7C09506018

Information on vesicants -- potential agents for chemical terrorism. Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/metals/index.asp

John Navin Metals & Mining A Gold Stock Trading Below Book Value Taking a closer look at SSR Mining Stocks: ... GuruFocus Research Metals & Mining Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd (IMPUY): A Deep Dive into Its Dividend Performance Stocks: ... Richard Witt Metals & Mining Get Ready for a Gold Rush Newmont expects record-breaking production Stocks: ... GuruFocus Research Metals & Mining Dividend Analysis: A Deep Dive into Fortitude Gold Corps Dividend Performance Stocks: ...

https://www.gurufocus.com/latest-news/all/metals-%26-mining

The type of incidents which may occur and the level of molten metal to which workers may be exposed to can be broken down as ... Levels of risk for work with molten metals. The type of incidents which may occur and the level of molten metal to which ... Level 1 - Molten metal splashes occurring from small spillages etc. *Level 2 - A cloud of molten metal droplets, eg from a ... The amount of molten metal splash in a real incident will vary. This should be considered as part of your assessment. ...

https://www.hse.gov.uk/moltenmetals/protective-clothing/levels-risk.htm

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Heavy_Metal_(Takin&Heavy Metal (Takin a Ride) - Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Heavy_Metal_( ... don felder heavy metal video where flesh moves through pipe. don felder heavy metal download. ... Heavy Metal (Takin a Ride) - Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Metal_(Takin_a_Ride) ... Heavy Metal (Takin a Ride) - Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Metal_(Takin_a_Ride) ...

https://search.yahoo.com/mobile/s?p=don+felder+heavy+metal+video&ei=UTF-8&norw=1&_tsrc=apple&age=&fr2=showall&btf=

Equinix Metal will provide lift and shift migrations of entire operating environments, including OS, hypervisor, apps and ... READ MORE: Why a bare-metal cloud provider might be just what you need , Google Clouds bare-metal initiative , Rackspace ... Equinix launches bare metal cloud service. Equinix Metal will provide lift and shift migrations of entire operating ... Equinix is announcing the availability of Equinix Metal, an automated and interconnected bare metal cloud service in four major ...

https://www.networkworld.com/article/3584421/equinix-launches-bare-metal-cloud-services.html

Find Metal Building Insulation for your Technical Insulation needs. ... Our Metal Building Insulation is composed of inorganic glass fibers bonded with a thermoset resin, formed as a flexible, ... Fiberglass Metal Building Insulation can provide thermal and acoustical insulation for the roofs and sidewalls of pre- ... When using high R-value systems, it is recommended that the cavity between the exterior metal sheet and the faced fiber glass ...

https://www.certainteed.com/technical-insulation/products/metal-building-insulation

Lead, mercury, and cadmium are prime examples of such "toxic metals. (medscape.com)
This review focuses on cadmium (Cd) because of the significant importance of this metal and because of its global presence in many food materials. (lu.se)
A review of the health effects of heavy metal transfer from tobacco via smoke to the lungs indicates that habitual smokers of counterfeits may be risking additional harm from high levels of cadmium and possibly other metals. (who.int)
The aim of this study was to quantify toxic metals lead, cadmium and trace elements zinc, copper, aluminium (Al) and Iron (Fe) levels in pregnant women, cord blood and meconium of new-born infants from industrial zones of Karachi, Pakistan. (who.int)

The energy transition requires substantial amounts of metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt and lithium. (imf.org)
Tin is too soft to be used by itself for architectural purposes so it generally falls into two categories: the alloying of tin with other metals such as copper to form bronze, and the coating of tin on harder metals, such as tinplated iron or steel. (wikipedia.org)
This global impetus is a further fillip for "green" metals such as copper, palladium and platinum. (institutionalinvestor.com)
For copper, the world's most important industrial metal, the rebound has been largely driven by cyclical factors. (institutionalinvestor.com)
But copper is not the only metal that is a likely beneficiary of the ambition for a greener future. (institutionalinvestor.com)
These processes are energy intensive and high-cost and require high-grade (rich in copper and precious metals) feeds. (nature.com)
The jacket called 'Full Metal Jacket' is designed out of seven miles of copper thread, well-known for its virus-killing properties. (who.int)

VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 29, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NINE MILE METALS LTD. ( CSE: NINE, OTCQB: VMSXF, FSE: KQ9 ) (the " Company " or " Nine Mile ") announces that it has updated the terms of its flow-through ("FT") private placement. (yahoo.com)

The extensive use in modern times of metallic alloys is related to the availability and success at the beginning of the 20th century of several different alloys made of the noble metals. (medscape.com)

The recovery of precious metals from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) is an effective recycling process. (nature.com)
This paper presents a promising hydrometallurgical process to recover precious metals from waste PCBs. (nature.com)

Enhanced corrosion resistance by engineering crystallography on metals. (bvsalud.org)

Demand for metals is falling rapidly, and the prices of commodities, such as iron ore, steel, and nickel, have fallen approximately 50% since January 2014. (bcg.com)

Trace metals have been associated with adverse health effects in occupational studies or laboratory studies, but have not been monitored in general population groups. (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT Toxic metals and deficiency/excess of trace elements can have adverse effects on health. (who.int)
Blood samples of pregnant women (n = 416), cord blood (n = 309) and meconium (n = 309) were analyzed quantitatively for metals and trace elements. (who.int)
Meconium contained high levels of toxic heavy metals and trace elements compared to cord blood and maternal blood. (who.int)
Environmental speciation and monitoring needs for trace metal-containing substances from energy-related processes : proceedings of the DoE/NBS Workshop held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, May 18-20, 1981 / editors, Frederick E. Brinckman and Richard H. Fish. (who.int)

Here we show, by engineering crystallographic configurations upon metal matrices adjacent to their passive films , we obtain great enhancement of corrosion resistance of FeCr15Ni15 single crystal in sulphuric acid , with activation time up to two orders of magnitude longer than that of the non-engineered counterparts. (bvsalud.org)
Applying anodic polarizations under a transpassivation potential, we make the metal matrices underneath the transpassive films highly uneven with {111}-terminated configurations, which is responsible for the enhancement of corrosion resistance. (bvsalud.org)

Prolonged exposure to metal polish fumes can cause serious, long-term health problems. (medlineplus.gov)
With the possible exceptions of acute iron toxicity from intentional or unintentional ingestion and suspected lead toxicity , emergency physicians will rarely be alerted to the possibility of metal exposure. (medscape.com)
Yet, if unrecognized or inappropriately treated, heavy metal exposure can result in significant morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
Specific clinical manifestations vary according to the metal in question, the total dose absorbed, and whether the exposure was acute or chronic. (medscape.com)
Exposure to metals may occur through the diet, from medications, from the environment, or in the course of work or play. (medscape.com)
Where heavy metal toxicity is suspected, time taken to perform a thorough dietary, occupational, and recreational history is time well spent, since identification and removal of the source of exposure is frequently the only therapy required. (medscape.com)
A full dietary and lifestyle history may reveal hidden sources of metal exposure. (medscape.com)
Exposure to heavy metals and other toxins can result in tubulointerstitial disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
1994). The importance of OELs is highlighted by the occupational exposure limits (OELs) for metals and fact that many organizations around the world develop other mining-related chemicals were surveyed, and them. (cdc.gov)
An association with occupational exposure to heavy metals (HMs) and welding fumes (WFs) has been suggested in the literature but with inconsistent findings, most likely due to methodological exposure assessment limitations. (who.int)
More experimental studies and alternative methodological approaches are mandatory to understand the mechanisms related to each specific metal and solvent exposure and testicular cancer development for prevention purposes. (who.int)

The total value of metals production would rise more than four-fold for the period 2021 to 2040, rivaling the total value of crude oil production. (imf.org)

Toxicology and biological monitoring of metals in humans : including feasibility and need / Bonnie L. Carson, Harry V. Ellis, Joy L. McCann. (who.int)
Reproductive and developmental toxicity of metals : proceedings of a joint meeting organized by the Division of Toxicology, University of Rochester, and the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals of the Permanent Commission and the International Association on Occupational Health and cosponsored by the World Health Organization, held May 24-27, 1982, in Rochester, New York / edited by Thomas W. Clarkson, Gunnar F. Nordberg and Polly R. Sager. (who.int)

Maternal blood toxic metals were present in high quantities. (who.int)
Health effects of toxic metals : a bibliography of the work done in India, literature from 1934 through 1980 / compiled by R. R. Khan, S. N. Agarwal, Usha Nigam. (who.int)

4. Many bands take in some elements of funk and rap and mix it with heavy metal music (early Slipknot, Limp Bizkit, Korn, etc. (urbandictionary.com)
Theres Metal, Heavy metal, and Death Metal, and now we have Nu-metal(probably some other types too). (urbandictionary.com)
Metal Gear games, self-described as "tactical espionage action", are action games with a heavy emphasis on stealth. (mobygames.com)
Heavy Metal (Takin' a Ride) ' is a song by Eagles guitarist Don Felder with lead vocals sung by Don Felder with backing vocals sung by Timothy B. Schmit and Don Henley. (yahoo.com)
It is the theme song of the animated film Heavy Metal , not to be confused with the song of the same title by Sammy Hagar, also included on the same movie soundtrack. (yahoo.com)
Nov 19, 2016 · Don Felder - 'Takin' A Ride' - Heavy Metal Theme -Official Music Video - YouTube. (yahoo.com)
Who sings Heavy Metal (Takin' a ride)? (yahoo.com)
Is heavy metal a movie song? (yahoo.com)
Heavy Metal' was Felder's only solo chart hit. (yahoo.com)
Aug 27, 2019 · HEAVY METAL Don Felder Heavy Metal ( Takin A Ride) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (yahoo.com)
1 Heavy Metal (Takin' a Ride) 04:42. (yahoo.com)
From the HEAVY METAL soundtrack. (yahoo.com)
Some debate exists as to exactly what constitutes a "heavy metal" and which elements should properly be classified as such. (medscape.com)
Most recently, the term heavy metal has been used as a general term for those metals and semimetals with potential human or environmental toxicity. (medscape.com)
Regardless of how one chooses to define the category, heavy metal toxicity is an uncommon diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Many of the elements that can be considered heavy metals have no known benefit for human physiology. (medscape.com)
The toxicity of heavy metals depends on a number of factors. (medscape.com)
The expression of metal-binding proteins or peptides in microorganisms and plants in order to enhance heavy metal accumulation and/or tolerance has great potential. (lu.se)
A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. (who.int)
Here we compare the heavy metal concentrations in tobacco from a sample of 47 counterfeit products, representative of the substantial market for these products in the U.K., with their genuine equivalents and find significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals in the counterfeits. (who.int)
Heavy metals in the environment : International Conference, Athens, September 1985 / editor, T. D. Lekkas. (who.int)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is pleased to announce IARC Monographs Meeting 131: Cobalt Metal (without Tungsten Carbide) and Cobalt (II) Salts, Weapons-Grade Tungsten (with Nickel and Cobalt) Alloy, and Antimony Trioxide, which will be held on 8-15 March 2022. (who.int)

Equinix Metal will provide 'lift and shift' migrations of entire operating environments, including OS, hypervisor, apps and data, from on-premises data centers to the cloud. (networkworld.com)

The toxicity of radioactive metals like polonium, which was discovered by Marie Curie but only recently brought to public attention after the 2006 murder of Russian dissident Alexander Litvinenko, relates more to their ability to emit particles than to their ability to bind cell proteins. (medscape.com)
Persons intentionally taking colloidal metals for their purported health benefits may ultimately develop toxicity. (medscape.com)
Metal toxicity may complicate some forms of drug abuse. (medscape.com)

The amount of molten metal splash in a real incident will vary. (hse.gov.uk)

We identify metal-specific demand shocks, estimate supply elasticities and pin down the price impact of the energy transition in a structural scenario analysis. (imf.org)
The shift to new technologies and energy storage solutions has created a growing demand for optimised, fossil fuel-free, and more durable metal application materials with altered properties. (lu.se)

Zinc-coated metals were first patented in 1837, separately by M. Sorel in France and H. W. Crawford in England. (wikipedia.org)
Decorative architectural elements were frequently cast in zinc, since it molded readily, was inexpensive compared to stone, and could be painted to imitate more expensive metals. (wikipedia.org)

Vitra most frequently uses aluminium and steel for metal components. (vitra.com)

Results of search for 'su:{Metals. (who.int)

Most Metal Gear games were designed by Hideo Kojima and developed by Konami . (mobygames.com)
The news broke via a pamphlet for Studio Kojima, the Konami-owned development house headed up by Metal Gear series creator Hideo Kojima. (gamespot.com)

Pyrometallurgical processes require heating the waste EEE at high temperatures to recover valuable metals. (nature.com)

Compared with pyrometallurgical processes, hydrometallurgical processes offer a relatively low capital cost, reduced environmental impact and high metal recoveries. (nature.com)
Hydrometallurgical processes involve the dissolution of metals in alkaline or acid medium. (nature.com)
Yet, other metals are essential to human biochemical processes. (medscape.com)

Note, ceramic or metal femoral heads are used on composite hip stems because composites have relatively poor wear properties. (medscape.com)
Conclusion: Ceramic crowns metal free, are presented as an excellent alternative restoration since the clinical protocol is followed correctly. (bvsalud.org)

Metals are a potentially important input into integrated assessments models of climate change. (imf.org)

Lead was one of the first to be made into sheet metal for architectural purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Metals may be contaminants in dietary supplements, or they may leach into food and drink stores in metal containers such as lead decanters. (medscape.com)

However, persons who worked with sheet metal were called tinsmiths, so the term could have sprung from this title. (wikipedia.org)
Urinary metals were measured in a one third subsample of persons 6 years and older. (cdc.gov)

The use of metal free crowns responds positively to this aesthetic concern. (bvsalud.org)

Together with MAX IV, the metal industry is using synchtrotron X-rays to find innovative, sustainable ways to map and exploit metallic materials' properties. (lu.se)

Metals are agents that consist of metallic poisons. (cdc.gov)

I'm generic tr00 metal guitarist # 628 ! (urbandictionary.com)

The appeal of bare metal cloud is what's called "lift and shift," where a company can take an on-premises environment, such as a database or ERP system, and move the whole thing - OS, apps, and data - to the cloud unchanged, or with minimal modification. (networkworld.com)

As well as being a useful material in all kinds of key technologies, lanthanides are important for bacteria, which use the rare earth metals in their metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
Equinix Metal is another important step forward in our product portfolio," said Sara Baack, chief product officer at Equinix, in a statement. (networkworld.com)
another is ductility, which refers to the ability to draw out metal in the shape of wire and is an important property in allowing the manufacture of intramedullary rods, screws, and long stems. (medscape.com)

One distinctive challenge facing this sector is that metals-unlike, say, food or electronics-neither spoil nor do they quickly become obsolete, so managers can stockpile inventory at any step of the manufacturing process without immediate repercussions. (bcg.com)

Genres considered part of Modern metal include melodic death metal , metalcore , cyber metal , djent and sometimes progressive metal . (last.fm)

A third challenge, while not unique to the metals industry, is product proliferation. (bcg.com)

Having completed its purchase of bare-metal cloud specialist Packet in March, Equinix is announcing the availability of Equinix Metal, an automated and interconnected bare metal cloud service in four major regions. (networkworld.com)
While not as popular as standard cloud services, the bare metal market is growing. (networkworld.com)
Market research firm Mordor Intelligence expects the bare metal cloud market to grow from $1.75 billion in 2019 to $10.56 billion by 2025, clocking a CAGR of 35% over the five-year forecast period. (networkworld.com)
It allows for a wholesale migration out of the on-premises environment onto the cloud, where the bare metal provider handles hardware management. (networkworld.com)
Equinix Metal features native integration with Equinix Cloud Exchange Fabric, which has been renamed Equinix Fabric. (networkworld.com)

In North America, a company that manufactures specialty metals was able to free up almost $100 million in cash in less than a year without starving its production lines or hurting customer deliveries. (bcg.com)
Take, for example, the case of "revert"-scrap metal from the manufacturing process that can be remelted and sent back into production. (bcg.com)

Title : Slip Potential for Commonly Used Inclined Grated Metal Walkways Personal Author(s) : Pollard, Jonisha P.;Heberger, John R.;Dempsey, Patrick G. (cdc.gov)

Metals have several properties that are specific to them. (medscape.com)

Best-practice inventory management is essential to success in the competitive metals-manufacturing market. (bcg.com)

This article discusses the harmful effects from swallowing metal polish. (medlineplus.gov)

Once laminated on one side with suitable vapor retarder, Metal Building Insulation reduces transmission of exterior sound to the interior of the building and absorbs reverberating sounds within the building. (certainteed.com)

All Atomic Weapons Employees who worked at Metals and Controls Corp. in Attleboro, MA, from January 1, 1952 to December 31, 1967, for a number of work days aggregating at least 250 work days, occurring either solely under this employment, or in combination with work days within the parameters established for one or more other classes of employees included in the SEC. (cdc.gov)
At the Electronic Entertainment Expo last year, Konami revealed that work had begun on a live-action movie based on Metal Gear Solid . (gamespot.com)

And some metals companies hold more than a month's supply of commodity raw materials as "safety" stock to cover unexpected shortfalls. (bcg.com)
While many industries carry the bulk of their inventory as either raw materials or finished goods, some metals manufacturers have as much as 50% of their inventory at any given time in the form of WIP. (bcg.com)

While Amazon and Microsoft offer bare metal services, it's not as high a priority as their IaaS/PaaS services. (networkworld.com)
When using high R-value systems, it is recommended that the cavity between the exterior metal sheet and the faced fiber glass insulation should be completely filled. (certainteed.com)

Metal prices would reach historical peaks for an unprecedented, sustained period in a net-zero emissions scenario. (imf.org)

IBM leads the pack in the bare metal market after its 2015 acquisition of SoftLayer, a major data center provider that emphasized bare metal services. (networkworld.com)

A much-hated subgenre of metal or hard rock, depending on how you view it, that started in the early 90s. (urbandictionary.com)

Ornamental stamped metal made from tinplate was an affordable alternative to plasterwork. (wikipedia.org)
So, now that that's out of the way, once again, I'll agree with most of you that some nu-metal out there is definitely a false type of metal that's made just for money or mass appeal . (urbandictionary.com)
The series made its debut in 1987, with the release of the first Metal Gear , which established its gameplay style and general tone. (mobygames.com)

The resulting complex [Fe(phtmeimb)2]+, where phtmeimb is [phenyl(tris(3-methylimidazol-1-ylidene))borate]-, exhibits strong, visible, room temperature photoluminescence with a 2.0 ns lifetime and 2% quantum yield via spin-allowed transition from a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (2LMCT) state to the ground state (2GS). (lu.se)

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture11

Information Science3

Health Care5

Identification and characterization of a recombinant metallothionein protein from a marine alga, Fucus vesiculosus. (1/4151)

Interactions of membrane potential and cations in regulation of ciliary activity in Paramecium. (2/4151)

Purification and properties of a low-molecular-weight, high-alkaline pectate lyase from an alkaliphilic strain of Bacillus. (3/4151)

Purification and characterization of Aspergillus ficuum endoinulinase. (4/4151)

Analysis of 118 second-generation metal-on-metal retrieved hip implants. (5/4151)

Adaptation of bulk constitutive equations to insoluble monolayer collapse at the air-water interface. (6/4151)

SAG, a novel zinc RING finger protein that protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents. (7/4151)

Amyloid beta peptides do not form peptide-derived free radicals spontaneously, but can enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides. (8/4151)

Metals

Zinc

Metals, Alkali

Cobalt

Copper

Nickel

Metals, Alkaline Earth

Manganese

Cations, Divalent

Chromium

Iron

Lead

Chelating Agents

Mercury

Soil Pollutants

Metals, Rare Earth

Ions

Coordination Complexes

Metal Ceramic Alloys

Magnesium

Binding Sites

Metalloproteins

Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Metals, Light

Kinetics

Dental Alloys

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Chromium Alloys

Models, Molecular

Welding

Cations

Molecular Sequence Data

Metallurgy

Trace Elements

Catalysis

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Edetic Acid

Aluminum

Stainless Steel

Arsenic

Environmental Monitoring

Titanium

Alloys

Amino Acid Sequence

Oxidation-Reduction

Organometallic Compounds

Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission

Gallium

Crystallography, X-Ray

Gold Alloys

Phenanthrolines

Protein Binding

Environmental Pollution

Escherichia coli

Palladium

Industrial Waste

Materials Testing

Tungsten

Protein Conformation

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Histidine

Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System

Environmental Pollutants

Substrate Specificity

Vanadium

Zinc Compounds

Manganese Compounds

Bacterial Proteins

Uranium

Tin

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Molecular Structure

Corrosion

Gold

Oxides

Steel

Models, Chemical

Ferrous Compounds

Lanthanoid Series Elements

Thlaspi

$Refractory metals$ Refractory metals