The region of the HAND between the WRIST and the FINGERS.

Fracture epidemiology and control in a developmental center. (1/142)

During 3.5 years, 182 fractures occurred among 994 residents of a developmental center. The fracture rate was 5.2 per 100 person-years (1.7 times greater than the rate in the US population). Fracture rate was significantly greater in residents with: epilepsy, older age, male gender, white race, independent ambulation, osteoporosis, and residence in intermediate care (versus skilled nursing) units; it was not affected by severity of mental retardation. Hand and foot bones were fractured in 58% of cases. Femur fracture occurred in 13 cases (7%). Fracture was caused by a fall in 41 cases (23%); its cause was indeterminable in 105 cases (58%). Fractures, occurring without significant injury, may be an important cause of preventable disability in this population. Control measures are suggested.  (+info)

Sensory processing in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease: investigations with 3D H(2)(15)O-PET. (2/142)

There is conjoining experimental and clinical evidence supporting a fundamental role of the basal ganglia as a sensory analyser engaged in central somatosensory control. This study was aimed at investigating the functional anatomy of sensory processing in two clinical conditions characterized by basal ganglia dysfunction, i.e. Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Based on previously recorded data of somatosensory evoked potentials, we expected deficient sensory-evoked activation in cortical areas that receive modulatory somatosensory input via the basal ganglia. Eight Parkinson's disease patients, eight Huntington's disease patients and eight healthy controls underwent repetitive H(2)(15)O-PET activation scans during two experimental conditions in random order: (i) continuous unilateral high-frequency vibratory stimulation applied to the immobilized metacarpal joint of the index finger and (ii) rest (no vibratory stimulus). In the control cohort, the activation pattern was lateralized to the side opposite to stimulus presentation, including cortical [primary sensory cortex (S1); secondary sensory cortex (S2)] and subcortical (globus pallidus, ventrolateral thalamus) regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases (P < 0.001). Between-group comparisons (P < 0.01) of vibration-induced rCBF changes between patients and controls revealed differences in central sensory processing: (i) in Parkinson's disease, decreased activation of contralateral sensorimotor (S1/M1) and lateral premotor cortex, contralateral S2, contralateral posterior cingulate, bilateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10) and contralateral basal ganglia; (ii) in Huntington's disease, decreased activation of contralateral S2, parietal areas 39 and 40, and lingual gyrus, bilateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 10 and 44), S1 (trend only) and contralateral basal ganglia; (iii) in both clinical conditions relative enhanced activation of ipsilateral sensory cortical areas, notably caudal S1, S2 and insular cortex. Our data show that Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, beyond well-established deficits in central motor control, are characterized by abnormal cortical and subcortical activation on passive sensory stimulation. Furthermore, the finding that activation increases in ipsilateral sensory cortical areas may be interpreted as an indication of either altered central focusing and gating of sensory impulses, or enhanced compensatory recruitment of associative sensory areas in the presence of basal ganglia dysfunction. Altered sensory processing is thought to contribute to pertinent motor deficits in both conditions.  (+info)

Comparative anatomy of the radial sesamoid bone in the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). (3/142)

Since we have clarified the manipulation mechanism using the radial sesamoid (RS) in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), our aim in this study is to examine the position, shape and function of the RS morphologically, and to observe the attachment to the RS of the M. abductor pollicis longus and the M. opponens pollicis in the other Ursidae species. So, we focused on the carpus and manus of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in this study. The RS was tightly articulated to the radial carpal, and could not adduct-abduct independently of the radial carpal. The M. abductor pollicis longus tendon and the M. opponens pollicis belly were attached to the RS, independently. In the polar bear, the deep concave and the flat surface were confirmed in attachment area for these two muscles. The morphological relationship between the RS and the M. abductor pollicis longus and the M. opponens pollicis in the two species of bears were essentially consistent with that in the giant panda. It also demonstrated that the manipulation mechanism of the giant panda has been completely based on the functional relationship between the small RS, and the M. abductor pollicis longus and the M. opponens pollicis in Ursidae species.  (+info)

Influence of multiple injections of vitamin E on intramuscular collagen and bone characteristics in suckling lambs. (4/142)

We studied the influence of vitamin E on intramuscular collagen characteristics and on metacarpal growth plate evolution in suckling lambs. Twenty-four 5-d-old Ile de France suckling male lambs were divided into four equal weight groups, and weekly i.m. injections of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (Control group, 0 IU; Group 1, 625 IU; Group 2, 1,000 IU; and Group 3, 1,500 IU) were given until the lambs were 33 d old. Blood samples were withdrawn for plasma alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and triglyceride analyses when the lambs were slaughtered at 40 d of age. Hot carcass weight, metacarpal and metatarsal bone characteristics, and metacarpal growth plate width were measured. After 24 h at 2 to 4 degrees C, semitendinosus muscles were removed for intramuscular collagen analyses. Weight was not influenced by treatment, but lambs in Group 1 had a higher (P < .01) intramuscular collagen content than the other groups. A positive quadratic correlation was found between total collagen and vitamin E doses (r = .511; P < .05). Amount and percentage of soluble collagen increased in muscles of all three vitamin E-treated groups compared with the control group. However, hydroxylysyl pyridinoline concentration decreased with vitamin E injection, but the difference compared to control lambs was only significant for the group injected with 1,000 IU. Amount of soluble collagen was strongly correlated to total collagen concentration (r = .879; P < .0001). It was also related to the alpha-tocopherol/(cholesterol + triglycerides) ratio in plasma (r = .431; P < .04). However, the correlation between soluble collagen percentage and alpha-tocopherol concentration in plasma was not significant (r = .369; P < .08). Bone length, weight, and diameter did not change, but the thickness of metacarpal growth plate increased as the DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate dose increased; in Groups 2 and 3, the growth plate was significantly wider than in Group 1 and the controls. Growth plate width correlated with alpha-tocopherol/(cholesterol + triglycerides) ratio in plasma (r = .481; P < .02).  (+info)

Can some physical therapy and manual techniques generate potentially osteogenic levels of strain within mammalian bone? (5/142)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although physical therapy techniques are used to alleviate pain and stiffness in joint injuries, whether these methods are capable of affecting bone is unknown. For example, can these techniques potentially influence bone formation or resorption? To begin exploring this possibility, this study investigated the ability of 4 manual techniques to generate levels of compressive strains that presumably can stimulate bone metabolism. SUBJECTS: Six 3,4 metacarpals from three 3-year-old Merino ewes were used. METHODS: A rosette strain gauge was implanted onto the dorsomedial cortex of each ovine 3,4 metacarpal. Four different manual procedures were applied on 2 occasions on each metacarpal in vivo and ex vivo. Mean peak principal compressive strains were calculated for each technique. RESULTS: Levered bending produced greater mean peak compressive strains than almost all other manual procedures tested in vivo or ex vivo. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Manual levered bending created levels of compressive strain similar in magnitude to those created by mechanical devices used in previous animal experiments to induce new bone formation (osteogenesis). This animal model appears to be suitable for investigating the effects of manually applied procedures on bone and may establish whether manual techniques can stimulate bone formation.  (+info)

Safety of the limited open technique of bone-transfixing threaded-pin placement for external fixation of distal radial fractures: a cadaver study. (6/142)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the safety of threaded-pin placement for fixation of distal radial fractures using a limited open approach. DESIGN: A cadaver study. METHODS: Four-millimetre Schanz threaded pins were inserted into the radius and 3-mm screw pins into the second metacarpal of 20 cadaver arms. Each threaded pin was inserted in the dorsoradial oblique plane through a limited open, 5- to 10-mm longitudinal incision. Open exploration of the threaded-pin sites was then carried out. OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury to nerves, muscles and tendons and the proximity of these structures to the threaded pins. RESULTS: There were no injuries to the extensor tendons, superficial radial or lateral antebrachial nerves of the forearm, or to the soft tissues overlying the metacarpal. The lateral antebrachial nerve was the closest nerve to the radial pins and a branch of the superficial radial nerve was closest to the metacarpal pins. The superficial radial nerve was not close to the radial pins. CONCLUSION: Limited open threaded-pin fixation of distal radial fractures in the dorsolateral plane appears to be safe.  (+info)

Correlation of hand bone mineral density with the metacarpal cortical index and carpo:metacarpal ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (7/142)

This study proposed an assessment of the correlation of hand bone mineral density measured by dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DXA) with the carpo:metacarpal (C:MC) ratio and metacarpal cortical index (CI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The correlation of total hand BMD, CI and C:MC ratio with BMD at other sites, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Larsen scores were also examined. The hand and axial BMD of 30 female patients were also compared with 29 age-matched healthy female controls. Total hand BMD values of patients were significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in axial measurements. CI correlated moderately with the second metacap (II.MC) midshaft and total hand BMD. The C:MC ratio correlated with II.MC midshaft and total hand BMD. Total hand BMD correlated moderately with the AP spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck BMD. Larsen scores showed weak negative correlation with II.MC midshaft BMD and CI. Grip strength correlated weakly only with total hand BMD. The results indicated that CI may reflect cortical bone mass of the hand accurately and did not predict bone density of the spine or hip in patients with RA. The C:MC ratio is a useful method for evaluating progression of wrist involvement and may be related to the loss of hand bone mineral density associated with disease process.  (+info)

Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor of the hand: a case report and review of the literature. (8/142)

Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor of the hand is rare and only 10 cases have been described in the literature. We present a 14-year-old boy with a recurrent extra-abdominal desmoid tumor in the dorsal site of the right hand. MR image demonstrated the tumor in the third dorsal interosseous muscle, and adhered to the radial side of the forth metacarpal bone. The lesion revealed iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2. We performed a marginal excision. Histological examination of the tumor showed proliferation of the fibroblastic cells with abundant collagen bundles. He developed local recurrence for the third time. The size of the third recurrent tumor has not been changed for 2 years and 3 months. Therefore, we have not performed any additional surgery. Since extensive resection markedly diminishes the function of the hand, we consider that a marginal surgical margin is acceptable for the quality of daily life of patients with a desmoid tumor of the hand.  (+info)

The metacarpus is the medical term for the part of the hand located between the carpus (wrist) and the digits (fingers). It consists of five bones, known as the metacarpal bones, which are numbered 1 to 5 from the thumb side to the little finger side. Each metacarpal bone has a base, a shaft, and a head. The bases of the metacarpal bones articulate with the carpal bones to form the wrist joint, while the heads of the metacarpal bones form the knuckles at the back of the hand.

The metacarpus plays an essential role in hand function as it provides stability and support for the movement of the fingers and thumb. Injuries or conditions affecting the metacarpus can significantly impact hand function, causing pain, stiffness, weakness, or deformity.

Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view. Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown ... Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Animation. X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left. Multiple fractures of the ... In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus, also known as the "palm bones", are the appendicular bones that form the ... The Greek physician Galen used to refer to the metacarpus as μετακάρπιον. The Latin form metacarpium more truly resembles its ...
Metacarpus (Pasterns): Firm. Hindquarters: Hindlegs should be slender, with good bone, well muscled and parallel to each other ...
Sebastián Apesteguía (January 2005). K. Carpenter, V. Tidwell (ed.). "Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus". Indiana ...
Apesteguía, S. (2005). "Evolution of the Titanosaur Metacarpus". In Tidwell, V.; Carpenter, K. (eds.). Thunder-Lizards: The ...
Apesteguía, S. (2005). "Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus". Pp. 321-345 in Tidwell, V. and Carpenter, K. (eds.) Thunder- ...
"Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus". Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs: 321-345. Senter, Phil (2010). "Evidence ...
The metacarpus is compact and moderately elongated. Its three elements mirror the shape of the fingers they bear: the first is ...
The metacarpus was long compared to the fingers. The three fingers were about equal in length, the first being the stoutest and ...
The metacarpus is robust compared to that of Panoplosaurus. The hand very likely was tetradactyl, having four fingers. The ...
The mandibular symphysis is elongated and the metacarpus short. There are however some features shared with pterodactyloids ...
Collectively, the metacarpals are referred to as the "metacarpus." In the case of Dieterich's disease, some but not all ...
51: 1-5. Sack, WO (1975). "Nerve distribution in the metacarpus and front digit of the horse". JAVMA. 167 (4): 298-335. PMID ...
The metacarpus of the hand is fused, adding to the strength. The foot is strongly arctometatarsalian, with the third metatarsal ...
Stover, Susan (1990). "Bucked shins and stress fractures of the metacarpus in the horse". In Smith, Bradford P. (ed.). Large ...
In April, Faber broke his metacarpus in a match against De Graafschap. In May 2003, while playing with a cast due to his ... metacarpus injury, Faber suffered an inflammation of a bursa near his Achilles tendon. The injury required surgery and ...
The most common fractures are the bones of the metacarpus and forearm. Patellar luxation, an ailment common to small breeds. It ...
The procorpus is fused with the metacarpus to for a two part esophagus. Nematode is able to survive on many weed hosts. The ...
... metacarpus II and IV), however, were somewhat reduced in length, the outermost digit (metacarpus V) was greatly reduced. The ... The forefoot consisted of four digits with a very pronounced central toe (metacarpus III). The laterally attached digits ( ... metacarpus III length is 5.1 cm to metatarsus III's 6.7 cm). The individual phalanges of the toes are extremely long. Four-toed ...
The metacarpus is short, in 1977 it was the shortest of any Asian ankylosaur known. The metacarpals were positioned vertically ...
The terminal branches are divided with thick nodes with similar shape to the human metacarpus. The flowers are small spicas (4- ...
The metacarpus was likely widely spread, and the metatarsals are considerably longer than the metacarpals. The fourth ...
Three bones of the metacarpus and part of the carpal bones merge into a carpometacarpus. The bones of three fingers are ...
Metacarpus First metacarpal bone Third metacarpal bone Fourth metacarpal bone Fifth metacarpal bone Gray's Anatomy (1918). See ...
Habighorst LV, Albers P (November 1965). "[Familial synostosis of metacarpi IV and V]". Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Ihre ...
The metacarpus and especially the first phalanges were proportionally very short, unlike in most other basal theropods. Only ...
Another important recovery was that of a metacarpus of reindeer, discovered above an area of burnt charcoal. This suggests that ...
This species has no tubercles on the thighs; the metacarpus, ulna, metatarsus, and tarsus have tubercular folds, resulting in a ...
These bones included the cranium, mandible, sternum, coracoid, humerus, metacarpus, ulna, femur, tibia, and metatarsus of ...
Together they are called the metacarpus, and are situated between the carpals and the phalanges of the digits. They are ... following after the metacarpus of the hand and the metatarsus of the foot. They are identified with Roman numerals from I-V, ...
The carpus and metacarpus form the "wrist" and "hand" of the bird, and the digits are fused together. The bones in the wing are ...
Set: Crucible of War Edition: 1st Edition Finish: Regular Type: Equipment Subtype: Arms Rarity: Majestic Class: Wizard Defense: 0 Whenever you play a card with an effect that deals arcane damage, you may pay [1 Resource]. If you do, that effect deals that much arcane damage plus 1 and at the beginning of the end phase,
Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown in red. Left hand, anterior (palmar) view. Metacarpus (yellow). Insertions are shown ... Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Animation. X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left. Multiple fractures of the ... In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus, also known as the "palm bones", are the appendicular bones that form the ... The Greek physician Galen used to refer to the metacarpus as μετακάρπιον. The Latin form metacarpium more truly resembles its ...
2005)] proposed that at least some sauropods had spiky skin covering the distal end of the metacarpus, though how widespread ... Evidence for entirely different soft-tissue structures on the sauropod metacarpus might have been present in other sauropods, ... Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus. In Tidwell, V. & Carpenter, K. (eds) Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. ... with images at top showing the metacarpus as seen proximally (viz, looking down on the articular ends of the bones). Note the ...
Stress fractures are common injuries in sports medicine clinics. The few reported cases of stress fractures of the metacarpal bones have been associated with overuse, athletic or occupational techniques, and equipment problems. We describe a stress fracture of the index metacarpal in an adolescent t …
There they discovered that he had broken the 5th metacarpus. They gave him the appropriate care and he now has a plaster cast ...
The metacarpals together are referred to as the metacarpus. The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to ... The metacarpals together are referred to as the metacarpus. The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to ...
Categories: Metacarpus Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 1 images ...
Free, official information about 2012 (and also 2013-2015) ICD-9-CM diagnosis code 750.4, including coding notes, detailed descriptions, index cross-references and ICD-10-CM conversion.
In a prior version of this table, the code SRT: T-D8300 was used for (16953009, SCT, "Elbow Joint"). Although there is minimal possibility of misinterpretation with SOP Instances that may include the deprecated use, receiving applications should be aware of this change; see Annex J.. ...
Metacarpus (Pastern) : The strong, medium length front pastern stands at an angle of 20 degrees from the vertical. ...
Fractures and Other Orthopedic Conditions of the Carpus, Metacarpus, and Phalanges. Part III: Fractures and Orthopedic ...
metacarpus skeleton (xenopus). XAO:0003208. radio-ulna (xenopus). XAO:0003209. humerus (xenopus). XAO:0003210. tarsal skeleton ...
1Excluding those of the vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), skull, facial, mandible, metacarpus, and finger and toe ...
... high integration in the phalanx and metacarpus, possibly favoured the evolution of functionally specialized autopod structures ...
Arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments located within the condylar fossa of the third metacarpus/metatarsus in ...
Metacarpus (Pastern): Strong Pasterns, seen from the side slightly oblique.. Forefeet: Big feet, oval shaped, with long and ... Strong carpus but not too wide, metacarpus is elastic and slightly inclined. General appearance: Forelegs straight and parallel ...
1990 Stover SM: Bucked shins and stress fractures of the metacarpus in the horse, , Large Animal Internal Medicine, Part II, ...
Circumference point A is found across the metacarpus.. Circumference point C is found distally on the arm where the wrist ...
EMUp, extensor metacarpi ulnaris (original posterior muscle); EMUa, extensor metacarpi ulnaris (anterior duplicate muscle). Bar ... EMUp, extensor metacarpi ulnaris (original posterior muscle); EMUa, extensor metacarpi ulnaris (anterior duplicate muscle). Bar ... On the unoperated (control) side, we injected extensor metacarpi ulnaris (EMUc) or extensor metacarpi radialis (EMRc); on the ... 1977) that the reduplicate muscle is made up of the same cells that would have formed the extensor metacarpi radialis (EMR) in ...
Metacarpus: each of the bones forming the part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.. Urostyle: adaptation of one or ...
Quantitative description of collagen structure in the articular cartilage of the young and adult equine distal metacarpus. Anim ... Quantitative description of collagen structure in the articular cartilage of the young and adult equine distal metacarpus. Anim ... Quantitative description of collagen structure in the articular cartilage of the young and adult equine distal metacarpus. . ... Quantitative description of collagen structure in the articular cartilage of the young and adult equine distal metacarpus. . ...
The implications of strong development of the extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis muscle in nyctitheres is uncertain given its ... groove for extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis muscle; fdf, groove for flexor digitorum fibularis tendon; fdt, groove for flexor ... This marks the trace of the extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis muscle (= extensor carpi obliquus, abductor pollicis longus), ...
https://www.2indya.com/metacarpus-meaning-in-punjabi/. 100%. Hourly. 2020-11-02 10:21. ...
Circumference point A is found across the metacarpus... Circumference point C is found distally on the arm where the wrist ...
Carpo-metacarpus. 4.43 (0.04). 4.26 (0.03). t = 3.69, df = 42, p , 0.001. ... carpo-metacarpus-from the proximal articular facet of the central carpal to the tip of the distal articular facet of the third ... carpo-metacarpus and third proximal phalanx) were ∼4% longer. When summed across the elements, the anatomical length of the ...
The growth sequence in humerus and radius, ulna and carpus, metacarpus, and digits are observed in various stages. Maximum ... The growth sequence in humerus and radius, ulna and carpus, metacarpus, and digits are observed in various stages. Maximum ...
An Extremely Painful Fracture of the Metacarpus. A Puiggr. [summary] [PDF full-Text] ...
Metacarpus (Pastern): Seen from the front they continue the vertical line of the forearm. Seen in profile the pastern is ...
  • Arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments located within the condylar fossa of the third metacarpus/metatarsus in Thoroughbred yearlings. (ivis.org)
  • Strong carpus but not too wide, metacarpus is elastic and slightly inclined. (koe.gr)
  • The growth sequence in humerus and radius, ulna and carpus, metacarpus, and digits are observed in various stages. (magiran.com)
  • 1990 Stover SM: Bucked shins and stress fractures of the metacarpus in the horse, , Large Animal Internal Medicine, Part II, Sect. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Oesophagus has a cylindrical procorpus, a small spheroid metacarpus and oesophageal glands in the form of dorsal lobe, extending over the intestine for about 2 body widths. (unl.edu)
  • A strong tendinous band known as the inferior check ligament originates from the deep palmer carpal ligament and joins the deep flexor tendon at the middle of the metacarpus (Figure 1). (americanfarriers.com)
  • In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus, also known as the "palm bones", are the appendicular bones that form the intermediate part of the hand between the phalanges (fingers) and the carpal bones (wrist bones), which articulate with the forearm. (wikipedia.org)
  • The digital sheath encompasses the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and extends from the distal one-third of the metacarpus/metatarsus distally to just proximal to the navicular bursa. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • There was evidence of a year effect on percent fat in the marrow of metacarpus and metatarsus bones ( P = 0.030), such that years in which deer had lower average marrow fat coincided with years having lower rainfall. (bioone.org)
  • Dogs have separate carpus and metacarpus, tibia, and metatarsus. (github.io)
  • The term proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD) is restricted to lesions confined to the proximal one-third of the metacarpus. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • There are multiple techniques to desensitize the proximal aspect of the palmar metacarpus. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the fingers distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm . (wikidoc.org)