Glycoproteins
Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins
Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
Cell Membrane
Intracellular Membranes
Membranes
Membrane Lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
Oligosaccharides
Membrane Proteins
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Lectins
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.
Glycosylation
Erythrocyte Membrane
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Glycopeptides
Mannose
Carbohydrate Sequence
Membranes, Artificial
Galactose Oxidase
Viral Envelope Proteins
Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Blood Platelets
Sialic Acids
Golgi Apparatus
A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase
Neuraminidase
Carbohydrates
Amino Acid Sequence
Receptors, Concanavalin A
Lysosomes
A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional
Chromatography, Affinity
Membrane Fluidity
Galactose
An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.
Amino Sugars
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Wheat Germ Agglutinins
Lectins purified from the germinating seeds of common wheat (Triticum vulgare); these bind to certain carbohydrate moieties on cell surface glycoproteins and are used to identify certain cell populations and inhibit or promote some immunological or physiological activities. There are at least two isoforms of this lectin.
Cricetinae
Cell Membrane Permeability
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
Basement Membrane
A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.
Sialoglycoproteins
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Bunyaviridae
Cells, Cultured
Tunicamycin
Viral Fusion Proteins
Protein Binding
Sindbis Virus
The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.
Cell Fractionation
Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
Base Sequence
Antigens, CD
Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
Platelet Aggregation
Antigens, Surface
Asparagine
Glycolipids
Uukuniemi virus
Mutation
Subcellular Fractions
Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)
Monensin
An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.
Membrane Transport Proteins
Hexosaminidases
Galactosyltransferases
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Concanavalin A
Rabbits
Microsomes
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Cattle
Solubility
Chromatography, Gel
Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases
Biological Transport
Erythrocytes
Sialyltransferases
A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. EC 2.4.99.-.
Cloning, Molecular
Lipid Bilayers
CHO Cells
Temperature
Protein Transport
Cytoplasm
Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex
Platelet membrane glycoprotein complex essential for normal platelet adhesion and clot formation at sites of vascular injury. It is composed of three polypeptides, GPIb alpha, GPIb beta, and GPIX. Glycoprotein Ib functions as a receptor for von Willebrand factor and for thrombin. Congenital deficiency of the GPIb-IX complex results in Bernard-Soulier syndrome. The platelet glycoprotein GPV associates with GPIb-IX and is also absent in Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
Macromolecular Substances
Amino Acids
Transfection
Liver
Polyethylene Glycols
Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.
Binding Sites
Kidney
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Precipitin Tests
Blotting, Western
Mitochondrial Membranes
The two lipoprotein layers in the MITOCHONDRION. The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT PROTEINS to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many ENZYMES important to cell METABOLISM and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE).
Dogs
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Chick Embryo
Liposomes
Ristocetin
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Synaptic Membranes
Blood Proteins
Models, Biological
Rubella virus
Laminin
Carrier Proteins
Immune Sera
Receptor, IGF Type 2
Peptide Fragments
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Rats, Inbred Strains
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Mucins
Detergents
Fibroblasts
Chemistry
Immunoelectrophoresis
A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.
Palmitic Acid
Edetic Acid
Chemical Phenomena
von Willebrand Factor
A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.
Antibodies
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Platelet Adhesiveness
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.
Endocytosis
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Cercopithecus aethiops
Freeze Fracturing
Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Cell Fusion
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Virion
Models, Molecular
Extraembryonic Membranes
The thin layers of tissue that surround the developing embryo. There are four extra-embryonic membranes commonly found in VERTEBRATES, such as REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. They are the YOLK SAC, the ALLANTOIS, the AMNION, and the CHORION. These membranes provide protection and means to transport nutrients and wastes.
Fibrinogen
Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.
Plant Lectins
Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.
Phosphatidylcholines
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
Virus Internalization
Glycoconjugates
Platelet Activation
Microscopy, Confocal
Swainsonine
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Antigens, CD36
Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.
Octoxynol
HeLa Cells
Monosaccharides
Biological Transport, Active
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Immunoblotting
Protein Structure, Secondary
Cell Membrane Structures
Receptors, Virus
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Fluorescent Dyes
Trypsin
Asialoglycoproteins
Endogenous glycoproteins from which SIALIC ACID has been removed by the action of sialidases. They bind tightly to the ASIALOGLYCOPROTEIN RECEPTOR which is located on hepatocyte plasma membranes. After internalization by adsorptive ENDOCYTOSIS they are delivered to LYSOSOMES for degradation. Therefore receptor-mediated clearance of asialoglycoproteins is an important aspect of the turnover of plasma glycoproteins. They are elevated in serum of patients with HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS or HEPATITIS.
Calnexin
alpha-Mannosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROLYSIS of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides. The enzyme plays a role in the processing of newly formed N-glycans and in degradation of mature GLYCOPROTEINS. There are multiple isoforms of alpha-mannosidase, each having its own specific cellular location and pH optimum. Defects in the lysosomal form of the enzyme results in a buildup of mannoside intermediate metabolites and the disease ALPHA-MANNOSIDOSIS.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Cell-mediated immunity: dealing a direct blow to pathogens. (1/25276)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are essential for defence against viral infections. Recent data demonstrating direct killing of intracellular bacteria by granulysin, a protein released from the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, emphasize the contribution of these lymphocytes to the control of tuberculosis. (+info)Binding of the G domains of laminin alpha1 and alpha2 chains and perlecan to heparin, sulfatides, alpha-dystroglycan and several extracellular matrix proteins. (2/25276)
The C-terminal G domain of the mouse laminin alpha2 chain consists of five lamin-type G domain (LG) modules (alpha2LG1 to alpha2LG5) and was obtained as several recombinant fragments, corresponding to either individual modules or the tandem arrays alpha2LG1-3 and alpha2LG4-5. These fragments were compared with similar modules from the laminin alpha1 chain and from the C-terminal region of perlecan (PGV) in several binding studies. Major heparin-binding sites were located on the two tandem fragments and the individual alpha2LG1, alpha2LG3 and alpha2LG5 modules. The binding epitope on alpha2LG5 could be localized to a cluster of lysines by site-directed mutagenesis. In the alpha1 chain, however, strong heparin binding was found on alpha1LG4 and not on alpha1LG5. Binding to sulfatides correlated to heparin binding in most but not all cases. Fragments alpha2LG1-3 and alpha2LG4-5 also bound to fibulin-1, fibulin-2 and nidogen-2 with Kd = 13-150 nM. Both tandem fragments, but not the individual modules, bound strongly to alpha-dystroglycan and this interaction was abolished by EDTA but not by high concentrations of heparin and NaCl. The binding of perlecan fragment PGV to alpha-dystroglycan was even stronger and was also not sensitive to heparin. This demonstrated similar binding repertoires for the LG modules of three basement membrane proteins involved in cell-matrix interactions and supramolecular assembly. (+info)Antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express Fas ligand (FasL). (3/25276)
Fas ligand is a type II transmembrane protein which can induce apoptosis in Fas-expressing cells. Recent reports indicate that expression of FasL in transplanted cells may cause graft rejection and, on the other hand, tumor cells may lose their tumorigenicity when they are engineered to express FasL. These effects could be related to recruitment of neutrophils by FasL with activation of their cytotoxic machinery. In this study we investigated the antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express FasL. Fibroblasts engineered to express FasL (PA317/FasL) did not exert toxic effects on transformed liver cell line (BNL) or colon cancer cell line (CT26) in vitro, but they could abrogate their tumorigenicity in vivo. Histological examination of the site of implantation of BNL cells mixed with PA317/FasL revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells. A specific immune protective effect was observed in animals primed with a mixture of BNL or CT26 and PA317/FasL cells. Rechallenge with tumor cells 14 or 100 days after priming resulted in protection of 100 or 50% of animals, respectively. This protective effect was due to CD8+ cells since depletion of CD8+ led to tumor formation. In addition, treatment of pre-established BNL tumors with a subcutaneous injection of BNL and PA317/FasL cell mixture at a distant site caused significant inhibition of tumor growth. These data demonstrate that allogenic cells engineered with FasL are able to abolish tumor growth and induce specific protective immunity when they are mixed with neoplastic cells. (+info)Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. (4/25276)
The two genetically established antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages are production of reactive oxygen intermediates by phagocyte oxidase (phox) and reactive nitrogen intermediates by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Mice doubly deficient in both enzymes (gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-)) formed massive abscesses containing commensal organisms, mostly enteric bacteria, even when reared under specific pathogen-free conditions with antibiotics. Neither parental strain showed such infections. Thus, phox and NOS2 appear to compensate for each other's deficiency in providing resistance to indigenous bacteria, and no other pathway does so fully. Macrophages from gp91(phox-/-)/NOS2(-/-) mice could not kill virulent Listeria. Their killing of S. typhimurium, E. coli, and attenuated Listeria was markedly diminished but demonstrable, establishing the existence of a mechanism of macrophage antibacterial activity independent of phox and NOS2. (+info)Structure of CD94 reveals a novel C-type lectin fold: implications for the NK cell-associated CD94/NKG2 receptors. (5/25276)
The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of CD94, a component of the CD94/NKG2 NK cell receptor, has been determined to 2.6 A resolution, revealing a unique variation of the C-type lectin fold. In this variation, the second alpha helix, corresponding to residues 102-112, is replaced by a loop, the putative carbohydrate-binding site is significantly altered, and the Ca2+-binding site appears nonfunctional. This structure may serve as a prototype for other NK cell receptors such as Ly-49, NKR-P1, and CD69. The CD94 dimer observed in the crystal has an extensive hydrophobic interface that stabilizes the loop conformation of residues 102-112. The formation of this dimer reveals a putative ligand-binding region for HLA-E and suggests how NKG2 interacts with CD94. (+info)Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. (6/25276)
It is not known whether subsets of dendritic cells provide different cytokine microenvironments that determine the differentiation of either type-1 T helper (TH1) or TH2 cells. Human monocyte (pDC1)-derived dendritic cells (DC1) were found to induce TH1 differentiation, whereas dendritic cells (DC2) derived from CD4+CD3-CD11c- plasmacytoid cells (pDC2) induced TH2 differentiation by use of a mechanism unaffected by interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-12. The TH2 cytokine IL-4 enhanced DC1 maturation and killed pDC2, an effect potentiated by IL-10 but blocked by CD40 ligand and interferon-gamma. Thus, a negative feedback loop from the mature T helper cells may selectively inhibit prolonged TH1 or TH2 responses by regulating survival of the appropriate dendritic cell subset. (+info)Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin. (7/25276)
-The increased delivery of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) to the lung aggravates the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, possibly through stimulation of the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). In cultured rat PA-SMCs, 5-HT (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L) induced DNA synthesis and potentiated the mitogenic effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (10 ng/mL). This effect was dependent on the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), since it was prevented by the 5-HTT inhibitors fluoxetine (10(-6) mol/L) and paroxetine (10(-7) mol/L), but it was unaltered by ketanserin (10(-6) mol/L), a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. In PA-SMCs exposed to hypoxia, the levels of 5-HTT mRNA (measured by competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) increased by 240% within 2 hours, followed by a 3-fold increase in the uptake of [3H]5-HT at 24 hours. Cotransfection of the cells with a construct of human 5-HTT promoter-luciferase gene reporter and of pCMV-beta-galactosidase gene allowed the demonstration that exposure of cells to hypoxia produced a 5.5-fold increase in luciferase activity, with no change in beta-galactosidase activity. The increased expression of 5-HTT in hypoxic cells was associated with a greater mitogenic response to 5-HT (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L) in the absence as well as in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. 5-HTT expression assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in the lungs was found to predominate in the media of pulmonary artery, in which a marked increase was noted in rats that had been exposed to hypoxia for 15 days. These data show that in vitro and in vivo exposure to hypoxia induces, via a transcriptional mechanism, 5-HTT expression in PA-SMCs, and that this effect contributes to the stimulatory action of 5-HT on PA-SMC proliferation. In vivo expression of 5-HTT by PA-SMC may play a key role in serotonin-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling. (+info)Fas/Apo [apoptosis]-1 and associated proteins in the differentiating cerebral cortex: induction of caspase-dependent cell death and activation of NF-kappaB. (8/25276)
The developing cerebral cortex undergoes a period of substantial cell death. The present studies examine the role of the suicide receptor Fas/Apo[apoptosis]-1 in cerebral cortical development. Fas mRNA and protein are transiently expressed in subsets of cells within the developing rat cerebral cortex during the peak period of apoptosis. Fas-immunoreactive cells were localized in close proximity to Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing cells. The Fas-associated signaling protein receptor interacting protein (RIP) was expressed by some Fas-expressing cells, whereas Fas-associated death domain (FADD) was undetectable in the early postnatal cerebral cortex. FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), an inhibitor of Fas activation, was also expressed in the postnatal cerebral cortex. Fas expression was more ubiquitous in embryonic cortical neuroblasts in dissociated culture compared to in situ within the developing brain, suggesting that the environmental milieu partly suppresses Fas expression at this developmental stage. Furthermore, FADD, RIP, and FLIP were also expressed by subsets of dissociated cortical neuroblasts in culture. Fas activation by ligand (FasL) or anti-Fas antibody induced caspase-dependent cell death in primary embryonic cortical neuroblast cultures. The activation of Fas was also accompanied by a rapid downregulation of Fas receptor expression, non-cell cycle-related incorporation of nucleic acids and nuclear translocation of the RelA/p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Together, these data suggest that adult cortical cell number may be established, in part, by an active process of receptor-mediated cell suicide, initiated in situ by killer (FasL-expressing) cells and that Fas may have functions in addition to suicide in the developing brain. (+info)
JCI -
Epithelial membrane protein 2 governs transepithelial migration of neutrophils into the airspace
Antigenic integral membrane glycoprotein elisa and antibody
Anti-Human Podoplanin Antibody | Human Podoplanin Antibody | Podoplanin Antibody
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Podoplanin is a negative regulator of Th17 inflammation
Comprehensive analysis of HEK293 cells reveals a LEC-like phenotype - [email protected]
EMP2 Gene - GeneCards | EMP2 Protein | EMP2 Antibody
342702 - BioLegend BTN3A1 antibody | Antibodypedia
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand elisa and antibody
Detection of thymus leukemia antigens on the surface membranes of muri by W Liang and E P. Cohen
Epithelial membrane protein 2 | P2X7
BTN1A1/Butyrophilin Products: R&D Systems
Human myeloid plasma membrane glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N
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P-Selectin and P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 Are Major Determinants for Th1 Cell Recruitment to Nonlymphoid Effector Sites...
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Membrane glycoproteins - Wikipedia
Adhesion-Related Integral Membrane Glycoproteins Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies | SpringerLink
The isolation of integral surface membrane molecules participating in adhesive phenomena is an important but elusive goal of ... Knudsen, K. A., Rao, P. E., Damsky, C. H., and Buck, C. A., 1981, Membrane glycoproteins involved in cell substratum adhesion, ... This approach has resulted in the identification and isolation of membrane glycoproteins involved in adhesive phenomena in ... Scott, R. E., 1976, Plasma membrane vesiculation: A new technique for isolation of plasma membranes, Science 194:743-745. ...
Characterization of a Sperm Membrane Glycoprotein | SpringerLink
The sperm plasma membrane has been the object of intense research activity in recent years (Moore, 1985). As a consequence, a ... Epididymal Sperm Sperm Plasma Membrane Late Spermatid Major Glycoprotein Epididymal Epithelium These keywords were added by ... Hamilton D.W., Wenstrom J.C., Moore A. (1986) Characterization of a Sperm Membrane Glycoprotein. In: Dhindsa D.S., Bahl O.P. ( ... Brown, C. R., von Glos, K. I., and Jones, R., 1983, Changes in plasma membrane glycoproteins of rat spermatozoa during ...
Platelet membrane glycoprotein - Wikipedia
... platelet membrane glycoproteins interact with the extracellular matrix. Membrane glycoproteins GPIa/IIa, GPVI and probably GPIV ... Platelet membrane glycoproteins Platelet+membrane+glycoproteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings ... Platelet membrane glycoproteins are surface glycoproteins found on platelets (thrombocytes) which play a key role in hemostasis ... The deficiency in glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex synthesis leads to Bernard-Soulier syndrome. Glycoprotein VI is one of the ...
VIRUS BIOPHYSICS, DYNAMICS and STRUCTURE: Lee Lab (Membrane Fusion, Glycoprotein)
In studies of influenza virus, we are focused on understanding the process of membrane fusion and fusion protein activation. In ... membranes as well. From this perspective, virions are intricate, nano-scale cell-invasion and replication machines. The dynamic ... membrane fusion, genome expulsion, assembly, and cell egress. The changes often involve concerted changes among hundreds of ... studies of HIV, we seek to understand the structural determinants of Env glycoprotein antigenicity and immunogenicity as a ...
Membrane glycoprotein - definition of Membrane glycoprotein by The Free Dictionary
Membrane glycoprotein synonyms, Membrane glycoprotein pronunciation, Membrane glycoprotein translation, English dictionary ... definition of Membrane glycoprotein. n. Any of a group of conjugated proteins having a carbohydrate as the nonprotein component ... Membrane glycoprotein - definition of Membrane glycoprotein by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Membrane+ ... glycoprotein. (redirected from Membrane glycoprotein). Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia. gly·co·pro·tein. (glī′ ...
Alphaherpesvirus glycoprotein M causes the relocalization of plasma membrane proteins. - PubMed - NCBI
Alphaherpesvirus glycoprotein M causes the relocalization of plasma membrane proteins.. Crump CM1, Bruun B, Bell S, Pomeranz LE ... Herpesvirus glycoprotein M (gM) is a multiple-spanning integral membrane protein found within the envelope of mature ... The ability of gM to cause the relocalization of plasma membrane proteins was not restricted to HSV-1 glycoproteins, as other ... These data suggest that herpesvirus gM (gM/N) can alter the membrane trafficking itineraries of a broad range of proteins and ...
Labelling of membrane glycoprotein in erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium knowlesi*
Embryonal carcinoma and the basement membrane glycoproteins laminin and entactin.
... lines PCC4-F and F9 have played important roles in the isolation and characterization of the two ubiquitous basement membrane ... Basement Membrane / chemistry, metabolism. Laminin / chemistry*, metabolism, physiology. Membrane Glycoproteins / chemistry*, ... 0/Laminin; 0/Membrane Glycoproteins; 0/Neoplasm Proteins; 0/nidogen From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National ... One of these, M1536-B3, synthesizes and deposits copious quantities of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, which led to the ...
Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution. - PubMed - NCBI
Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution.. Wilson IA, Skehel JJ, Wiley DC. ... The haemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus is a trimer comprising two structurally distinct regions: a triple-stranded ... Each subunit has an unusual loop-like topology, starting at the membrane, extending 135 A distally and folding back to enter ... coiled-coil of alpha-helices extends 76 A from the membrane and a globular region of antiparallel beta-sheet, which contains ...
Chemical Characterization and Surface Orientation of the Major Glycoprotein of the Human Erythrocyte Membrane | PNAS
The major glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane has been isolated by treatment with lithium di-iodosalicylate and ... Chemical Characterization and Surface Orientation of the Major Glycoprotein of the Human Erythrocyte Membrane. V. T. Marchesi, ... Chemical Characterization and Surface Orientation of the Major Glycoprotein of the Human Erythrocyte Membrane ... Chemical Characterization and Surface Orientation of the Major Glycoprotein of the Human Erythrocyte Membrane ...
Ebook Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
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Platelet membrane glycoprotein - wikidoc
Platelet membrane glycoproteins are surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in haemostasis and thrombosis such ... Online Medical Dictionary, Platelet membrane glycoproteins. 40px. This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia ... Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Platelet_membrane_glycoprotein&oldid=280366" ...
GPM6A - Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-a - Homo sapiens (Human) - GPM6A gene & protein
Plasma membrane. *Cell membrane By similarity; Multi-pass membrane protein By similarity ... Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-aAdd BLAST. 278. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. ... Cell membrane, Cell projection, Membrane. ,p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated ... sp,P51674,GPM6A_HUMAN Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-a OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=GPM6A PE=1 SV=2 ...
Gpm6a - Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-a - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Gpm6a gene & protein
Conflictingly, PubMed:22162747 reports that induced cellular protrusions are simple membrane-wrapped tubules without actin or ... tubulin-based cytoskeletons and with Gpm6a gliding along membrane edges indicative for a function in actin-independent membrane ... Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-aAdd BLAST. 278. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. ... sp,P35802,GPM6A_MOUSE Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-a OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Gpm6a PE=1 SV=1 ...
Membrane glycoproteins of Philly mouse lens. | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Membrane glycoproteins of Philly mouse lens. You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or cited in ... Since membrane glycoproteins are believed to be involved in transport processes, we have studied the changes in these ... R Garadi, V N Reddy, P F Kador, J H Kinoshita; Membrane glycoproteins of Philly mouse lens.. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1983 ... The membrane glycoproteins were labeled by treatment with galactose oxidase and tritiated borohydride. Radioactivity was found ...
LOC441081 (POM121 membrane glycoprotein (rat) pseudogene)
Structure of the Membrane Anchor of Pestivirus Glycoprotein Erns, a Long Tilted Amphipathic Helix
We report here structure analyses of the Erns membrane anchor bound to model membranes. This work was based on circular ... The recently published Erns crystal structure, however, is lacking the relevant carboxyterminal membrane anchor region. ... the principles of Erns membrane binding need to be better understood. ... dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and structure simulations, and revealed a new type of membrane anchor for a ...
Human myeloid plasma membrane glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N
... a 150-kD cell surface glycoprotein originally identified on subsets of normal and malignant human myeloid cells, we isolated ... Human myeloid plasma membrane glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1299-307 ... a membrane-bound glycoprotein thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including ... but rather serves as both a signal for membrane insertion and as a stable membrane-spanning segment. The remainder of the ...
Consequences of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane...
... of 6 fucosyl glycoproteins, including the putative vesicle glycoprotein and a glycoprotein whose transport moderately increases ... of 3H-fucose incorporated during a short period into a putative vesicle membrane glycoprotein but not into other glycoproteins ... of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the ... of partial axotomy for production of neurotransmitter vesicles and routing of rapidly transported membrane glycoproteins in the ...
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Dynamic Viral Glycoprotein Machines: Approaches for Probing Transient States That Drive Membrane...
... to understand mechanistically how these fusion glycoproteins perform their structural calisthenics and drive membrane fusion ... These refolding events ultimately drive the fusion of viral and cellular membranes leading to delivery of the genetic cargo. ... In combination, the approaches provide a significantly richer portrait of viral fusion glycoprotein structural variation and ... The fusion glycoproteins that decorate the surface of enveloped viruses undergo dramatic conformational changes in the course ...
Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein M Inhibits Membrane Fusion | Journal of Virology
Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein M Inhibits Membrane Fusion. Barbara G. Klupp, Ralf Nixdorf, Thomas C. Mettenleiter ... Pseudorabies Virus Glycoprotein M Inhibits Membrane Fusion Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal ... 1998) Glycoproteins gB, gD, and gHL of herpes simplex virus type 1 are necessary and sufficient to mediate membrane fusion in a ... Deletion mutants of glycoproteins gE, gI, gM, gK, and the putative membrane protein encoded by the UL20 gene exhibit a decrease ...
Membrane Glycoproteins | Profiles RNS
"Membrane Glycoproteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Membrane Glycoproteins" was a major or minor topic of ... "Membrane Glycoproteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Membrane Glycoproteins" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Membrane Glycoproteins". ...
The central structural feature of the membrane fusion protein subunit from the Ebola virus glycoprotein is a long triple...
The central structural feature of the membrane fusion protein subunit from the Ebola virus glycoprotein is a long triple- ... The central structural feature of the membrane fusion protein subunit from the Ebola virus glycoprotein is a long triple- ... The central structural feature of the membrane fusion protein subunit from the Ebola virus glycoprotein is a long triple- ... The central structural feature of the membrane fusion protein subunit from the Ebola virus glycoprotein is a long triple- ...
Subunit organization of the membrane-bound HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer
Skeletal Muscle Content of Membrane Glycoprotein PC-1 in Obesity: Relationship to Muscle Glucose Transport | Diabetes
Membrane glycoprotein PC-1, an inhibitor of insulin signaling, produces insulin resistance when overexpressed in cells ... Skeletal Muscle Content of Membrane Glycoprotein PC-1 in Obesity: Relationship to Muscle Glucose Transport. ... Skeletal Muscle Content of Membrane Glycoprotein PC-1 in Obesity: Relationship to Muscle Glucose Transport ... Skeletal Muscle Content of Membrane Glycoprotein PC-1 in Obesity: Relationship to Muscle Glucose Transport ...
Effects of Testosterone on Production of Perivitelline Membrane Glycoprotein ZPC by Granulosa Cells of Japanese Quail (Coturnix...
Effects of Testosterone on Production of Perivitelline Membrane Glycoprotein ZPC by Granulosa Cells of Japanese Quail (Coturnix ... "Effects of Testosterone on Production of Perivitelline Membrane Glycoprotein ZPC by Granulosa Cells of Japanese Quail (Coturnix ... "Effects of Testosterone on Production of Perivitelline Membrane Glycoprotein ZPC by Granulosa Cells of Japanese Quail (Coturnix ... is composed of at least two glycoproteins. Previous studies have indicated that one of the components, a glycoprotein ...
Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3 | Blood Journal
Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3. PJ Newman, RW Allen, ... Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3. Blood, 65(1), 227-232 ... Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3 ... Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3 ...
A comprehensive study on identifying the structural and functional SNPs of human neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A)
In this study, structural and functional analysis of high-risk SNPs associated with Glycoprotein M6 … ... Glycoprotein M6A, a stress related gene, plays an important role in synapse and filopodia formation. Filopodia formation is ... A comprehensive study on identifying the structural and functional SNPs of human neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A) J ... Glycoprotein M6A, a stress related gene, plays an important role in synapse and filopodia formation. Filopodia formation is ...
Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins | Profiles RNS
Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins*Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins. *Lysosome Associated Membrane ... "Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Lysosome-Associated Membrane ... "Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins" by people in Profiles. ...
ProteinZymogen granule membrane glycoproteinIntegral membrane glycoproteinsErythrocyte MembraneInhibitionPlatelet membraneAntigenCharacterizationAntibodyPlateletsGeneGolgiReceptorsPlasmaInfluenza virusEnvelopeIIIaIdentified by Monoclonal AntibodiesPutativeAffinityFusion glycoproteinsLiverViral and cellular membranesCellSecretoryPrecursorElectron microscopyMultidrug resistanceMitochondrialCarbohydrateGalactoseTopologyTransmembrane glycoproteinSurfaceMolecular weightAmino acidsCellularSubunitsEndoplasmic reticulum membraneCellsGPM6A
Protein34
- The changes often involve concerted changes among hundreds of protein components and in the case of enveloped viruses, membranes as well. (washington.edu)
- In studies of influenza virus, we are focused on understanding the process of membrane fusion and fusion protein activation. (washington.edu)
- Herpesvirus glycoprotein M (gM) is a multiple-spanning integral membrane protein found within the envelope of mature herpesviruses and is conserved throughout the Herpesviridae. (nih.gov)
- The nucleotide sequence predicts a 967 amino acid integral membrane protein with a single, 24 amino acid hydrophobic segment near the amino terminus. (nih.gov)
- Amino-terminal protein sequence analysis of CD13 molecules indicated that the hydrophobic segment is not cleaved, but rather serves as both a signal for membrane insertion and as a stable membrane-spanning segment. (nih.gov)
- Inhibition by PrV gM was not limited to PrV glycoprotein-mediated fusion but also affected fusion induced by the F protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus, indicating a general mechanism of fusion inhibition by gM. (asm.org)
- Glycoprotein gB, a highly conserved protein present in all subfamilies of the herpesviruses, is one of the most abundant proteins in the viral membrane and exhibits many features described for fusion proteins: it is a homodimeric type I N-glycosylated membrane protein, which in most herpesviruses is cleaved by a cellular protease into two disulfide-linked subunits ( 33 ). (asm.org)
- The small matrix protein (Z) is myristoylated and associates with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to drive the formation and budding of virion particles ( 16 , 51 , 65 ). (asm.org)
- Finally, these biotin-tagged membrane proteins are interconnected with streptavidin (SA) to form an artificial protein network in analogy to a lectin-induced lattice. (uni-muenchen.de)
- Integrity of the outer membrane in isolated mitochondria is monitored by an assay using exogeneous cytochrome c as substrate for cytochrome c oxidase, an inner membrane protein complex. (gla.ac.uk)
- Human breast carcinoma MCF-7/AdrVp cells display a novel multidrug resistance phenotype that is characterized by the overexpression of a 95-kDa membrane glycoprotein (p95) and by marked reduction in intracellular anthracycline accumulation, without overexpression of P-glycoprotein or the multidrug resistance protein MRP. (aacrjournals.org)
- Resistance is manifested largely by the product of the human MDR1 gene, P-glycoprotein, an ABC transporter that is an integral membrane protein of 1280 amino acids arranged into two homologous halves, each comprising 6 putative transmembrane α-helices and an ATP binding domain. (deepdyve.com)
- These results indicate that the cytoplasmic domain of E2 does not contain the information essential for directed transport to the plasma membrane, and imply that this information resides in either the lumenal and/or membrane-spanning segments of this transmembrane protein. (rupress.org)
- We have measured the mobility of a model transmembrane protein, the temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis viral membrane glycoprotein (ts-O45-G), in transit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. (biologists.org)
- ts-O45-G accumulates in the ER at nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees C) and is transported via the Golgi complex to the surface upon shifting cells to the permissive temperature (31 degrees C). Rhodamine-labeled Fab fragments against a cytoplasmic epitope of ts-O45-G (rh-P5D4-Fabs) were microinjected into cells to visualize the intracellular viral membrane protein and to determine its mobility by FRAP with a confocal microscope. (biologists.org)
- The intestinal transport kinetics of CPT were characterized using Caco-2 cells, MDCKII wild-type cells and MDCKII cells transfected with human P-glycoprotein (PGP) (ABCB1) or human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) (ABCC2). (biomedcentral.com)
- Also known as Membrane glycoprotein spo14 (SEC12-like protein) (Sporulation-specific protein 14). (mybiosource.com)
- Also known as Membrane glycoprotein UL144 (TNF alpha-like receptor UL144) (UL144 protein). (mybiosource.com)
- Both glycoproteins were synthesized as a precursor protein of approximately 90,000 D, and showed a marked heterogeneity of apparent molecular weight expression in different cell lines. (rupress.org)
- It is postulated that these glycoproteins, as major protein constituents of the lysosomal membrane, have important roles in lysosomal structure and function. (rupress.org)
- The human erythrocyte anion exchanger (AE)1 (Band 3) contains a single complex N-linked oligosaccharide that is attached to Asn(642) in the fourth extracellular loop of this polytopic membrane protein, while other isoforms (AE2, AE3 and trout AE1) are N-glycosylated on the preceding extracellular loop. (semanticscholar.org)
- Rotavirus assembles in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and encodes two glycoproteins: VP7, a component of the outer viral capsid, and NCVP5, a nonstructural protein. (rupress.org)
- The two glycoproteins were purified by antibody affinity chromatography and each was found to be a major constituent of human spleen cells, representing ∼0.05% of the total detergent-extractable protein. (elsevier.com)
- Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: identification by photocross-linking of a 39-kD integral membrane glycoprotein as part of a putative translocation tunnel. (ucsf.edu)
- Thus, different portions of the nascent preprolactin chain are in close proximity to the same membrane protein during the course of translocation, and mp39 therefore appears to be part of the translocon, the specific site of protein translocation across the ER membrane. (ucsf.edu)
- Loss of lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) enhances cellular vulnerability against proteasomal inhibition. (nih.gov)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of membrane glycoproteins. (nih.gov)
- Constitutive expression of a COOH-terminal leucine mutant of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 causes its exclusive localization in low density intracellular vesicles. (nih.gov)
- The manner in which a membrane protein is anchored to the lipid bilayer may have a profound influence on its function. (ox.ac.uk)
- Most cell surface membrane proteins are anchored by a membrane-spanning segment(s) of the polypeptide chain, but another type of anchor has been described for several proteins: a phosphatidyl inositol glycan moiety, attached to the protein C terminus. (ox.ac.uk)
- In rat spermatogenic cells AGO2 colocalizes with the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2 in small vesicles that contact and surround chromatoid bodies. (cusabio.com)
- Results show that LAMP-2A organizes at the lysosomal membrane into protein complexes of different sizes. (cusabio.com)
- Chaperone-mediated autophagy is increased in rats with pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus through upregulation of de novo synthesis of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2a. (cusabio.com)
- This protein was insoluble in sodium carbonate, pH 11.5, conditions under which integral membrane proteins remain membrane bound and was insensitive to treatment with peptide:N-glycosidase F. beta Elimination and chromatography showed that radiolabeled galactose was part of a disaccharide which was characterized as Gal beta 1-4GlcNAcitol. (umassmed.edu)
Zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein2
Integral membrane glycoproteins4
- They are composed of one or two type I integral membrane glycoproteins, contain extended ectodomains carrying N-linked carbohydrates, form higher-order oligomers, are present on the viral membrane at high surface density, and contain a fusion peptide in a membrane-anchored subunit. (asm.org)
- Ubiquitously expressed integral membrane glycoproteins found in the LYSOSOME. (umassmed.edu)
- We have recently described the occurrence of integral membrane glycoproteins in rat liver smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum with O-N-acetylglucosamine facing the cytosolic and luminal sides of the membrane (Abeijon, C., and Hirschberg, C. B. (1988) Proc. (umassmed.edu)
- We now report that integral membrane glycoproteins with cytosolic facing O-N-acetylglucosamine also occur in membranes of rat liver Golgi apparatus. (umassmed.edu)
Erythrocyte Membrane2
- The major glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane has been isolated by treatment with lithium di-iodosalicylate and found to be a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of about 50,000. (pnas.org)
- Effect of band 3 subunit equilibrium on the kinetics and affinity of ankyrin binding to erythrocyte membrane vesicles. (semanticscholar.org)
Inhibition5
- Furthermore, expression of PRV gM or HSV-1 gM/UL49A, which are themselves localized to the TGN, caused both gD and gH/L to be relocalized from the plasma membrane to a juxtanuclear compartment, suggesting that fusion inhibition is caused by the removal of 'fusion' proteins from the cell surface. (nih.gov)
- In combination, the approaches provide a significantly richer portrait of viral fusion glycoprotein structural variation and fusion activation as well as inhibition by neutralizing agents. (mdpi.com)
- Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 inhibition of insulin receptor function occurs via direct interaction with the receptor alpha-subunit. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Inhibition of intracellular migration of membrane glycoproteins in rat intestinal columnar cells and hepatocytes as visualized by light and electron-microscope radioautography after 3H-fucose injection. (biomedsearch.com)
- Vitamin E -TPGS (TPGS) is an excipient used to solubilize lipophilic molecules and improve bioavailability, the latter achieved through inhibition of the multidrug efflux channel P-glycoprotein (P-gp). (arvojournals.org)
Platelet membrane29
- At the beginning of this century, a number of researchers conducted systematic reviews on the association of platelet membrane glycoprotein polymorphisms and risk of CAD. (thefreedictionary.com)
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- Platelet membrane glycoproteins are surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in haemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation . (wikidoc.org)
- Platelet membrane glycoproteins are surface glycoproteins found on platelets (thrombocytes) which play a key role in hemostasis. (wikipedia.org)
- When the blood vessel wall is damaged, platelet membrane glycoproteins interact with the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
- The IIb / IIIa complex is a major platelet membrane component. (wikipedia.org)
- These subunits form Ca2+ - dependent complex on the surface of platelet membrane in a 1:1 ratio. (wikipedia.org)
- Material Safety Data Sheet or SDS for Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins, IIbIIIa, Human Platelets 528240 from MilliporeSigma for download or viewing in the browser. (emdmillipore.com)
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- Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
- Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb is an integrin alpha subunit that heterodimerizes with INTEGRIN BETA3 to form PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX. (rush.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb" by people in this website by year, and whether "Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
Antigen4
- Molecular characterization of the early activation antigen CD69: A type II membrane glycoprotein. (deepdyve.com)
- Also known as Antigenic integral membrane glycoprotein (Antigen Sm25). (mybiosource.com)
- All other gammaherpesviruses have a glycoprotein in this genomic position, but the BPRF1 gene showed sequence homology with only the EBV membrane antigen gp340/220. (openrepository.com)
- We report here that an immunologically important adhesion glycoprotein, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), can be anchored to the membrane by both types of mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
Characterization5
- The mouse embryonal carcinoma lines PCC4-F and F9 have played important roles in the isolation and characterization of the two ubiquitous basement membrane proteins, laminin and entactin. (biomedsearch.com)
- One of these, M1536-B3, synthesizes and deposits copious quantities of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, which led to the initial discovery and characterization of laminin and entactin. (biomedsearch.com)
- Identification and characterization of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 gp150: a virion membrane glycoprotein. (openrepository.com)
- Characterization of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 glycoprotein B (gB) homolog: similarity to Epstein-Barr virus gB (gp110). (openrepository.com)
- We report the cloning and characterization of a cancer-associated cell membrane glycoprotein recognized by mAb NCC-3G10. (elsevier.com)
Antibody7
- A murine monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein (GP)IIIa was prepared by immunization with a GPIIb- and GPIIIa-enriched Triton X-114 extract of platelet membranes. (bloodjournal.org)
- The 5E8 antibody and the M r 160,000 glycoprotein that it recognizes represent two very useful components with which to test several new antibody-mediated drug delivery systems in the treatment of human lung tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
- A monoclonal antibody (2C5) raised against rat liver lysosomal membranes was used to identify a 78-kD glycoprotein that is present in the membranes of both endosomes and lysosomes and, therefore, is designated endolyn-78. (rupress.org)
- Antibody binding was predominantly located at the limiting lysosomal membrane, distinctly separated from colloidal gold-labeled alpha-2-macroglobulin accumulated in the lumen during prolonged incubation. (rupress.org)
- Previously, we showed that inner layer of thickened lamina propria had glycoproteins recognized by PNA-lectin and included progesterone detected by antiprogesterone antibody. (nii.ac.jp)
- A monoclonal antibody CC92 (IgM), raised against a fraction of rat liver enriched in Golgi membranes, recognizes a novel Endo H-resistant 74-kD membrane glycoprotein (gp74). (ub.edu)
- Rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody for Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein(THY1) detection. (bosterbio.com)
Platelets1
- Thus, data derived using AP-3 indicate that significant amounts of free GPIIIa are not present, thereby supporting the hypothesis that GPIIb and GPIIIa exist complexed in a 1:1 stoichiometry in the plasma membrane of intact, nonactivated platelets. (bloodjournal.org)
Gene6
- NASDAQ: RCKT), is developing its first adeno-associated viral vector -based gene therapy, RP-A501, that is designed to restore the lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP-2) gene which is defective in patients afflicted with Danon disease, the company said. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Glycoprotein M6A, a stress related gene, plays an important role in synapse and filopodia formation. (nih.gov)
- One of these was a novel gene encoding a membrane glycoprotein containing a leucine-rich repeat (LRR), a C2-type Ig-like domain, and a fibronectin (FN) type III domain, and the transcript of which was specifically expressed in the retina. (jneurosci.org)
- Studies of sequences around the center of the MHV-68 genome identified a gene (designated BPRF1 for BamHI P fragment rightward open reading frame 1) whose putative product had motifs reminiscent of a transmembrane glycoprotein. (openrepository.com)
- Murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV) M7 gene encoding glycoprotein 150 (gp150): difference in the sequence between 72 and 68 strains. (openrepository.com)
- A mutant Rauscher spleen focus-forming virus (mutant 4-3) that causes mild splenic erythroblastoma in mice has a 44-base-pair deletion in the 3' region of its envelope glycoprotein (env) gene. (elsevier.com)
Golgi10
- gM is defined as a non-essential glycoprotein in alphaherpesviruses and has been proposed as playing a role in controlling final envelopment in a late secretory-pathway compartment such as the trans-Golgi network (TGN). (nih.gov)
- 1984), light-microscope radioautographic studies showed that colchicine or vinblastine inhibited intracellular migration of glycoproteins out of the Golgi region in a variety of cell types. (biomedsearch.com)
- This suggests that labeled glycoproteins destined for the apical plasma membrane were inhibited from leaving the Golgi region, while migration to the lateral plasma membrane was not impaired. (biomedsearch.com)
- This indicates that the drugs inhibited migration of membrane glycoproteins from the Golgi region to the various portions of the plasma membrane. (biomedsearch.com)
- Microtubules may, therefore, be necessary for intracellular transport of membrane glycoproteins, although the possibility of a direct action of these drugs on Golgi or plasma membranes must also be considered. (biomedsearch.com)
- An intrinsic membrane glycoprotein of the golgi apparatus with O-linke" by Juan M. Capasso, Claudia Abeijon et al. (umassmed.edu)
- This was determined following incubation of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus, which were sealed and of the same membrane topographical orientation as in vivo, with UDP-[14C]galactose and saturating amounts of bovine milk galactosyltransferase. (umassmed.edu)
- This glycoprotein is specific of the Golgi apparatus membrane. (umassmed.edu)
- Intrinsic membrane glycoproteins with this unusual carbohydrate membrane orientation thus occur in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of rat liver. (umassmed.edu)
- describe how does an integral membrane glycoprotein travel from ER to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane? (mywordsolution.com)
Receptors3
- Phytohemagglutinin conjugated to ferritin has been used to map the distribution of glycoprotein receptors over the surfaces of intact erythrocytes by freeze-etching and electron microscopy. (pnas.org)
- In addition, tumor cell platelet interactions require the lateral mobility of specific receptors (i.e., clustering) on the tumor cell plasma membrane. (rti.org)
- Membrane glycoproteins GPIa/IIa, GPVI and probably GPIV as well, function as collagen receptors, engaged in platelet adhesion to collagen. (wikipedia.org)
Plasma18
- The sperm plasma membrane has been the object of intense research activity in recent years (Moore, 1985). (springer.com)
- Lattice structures forming between LacNAc repeats on N-glycan branches, and galectins determine plasma membrane glycoprotein residency time by inhibiting endocytosis of them (31,34). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Alphaherpesvirus glycoprotein M causes the relocalization of plasma membrane proteins. (nih.gov)
- The ability of gM to cause the relocalization of plasma membrane proteins was not restricted to HSV-1 glycoproteins, as other viral and non-viral proteins were also affected. (nih.gov)
- Arenaviruses are enveloped virions that assemble and bud from the plasma membrane. (asm.org)
- Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) inhibits insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase activity and subsequent cellular signaling. (diabetesjournals.org)
- but there was little change in labeling of the lateral plasma membrane. (biomedsearch.com)
- In hepatocytes, labeling of the sinusoidal plasma membrane was reduced by 83% after colchicine and by 85% after vinblastine treatment. (biomedsearch.com)
- Labeling of the lateral plasma membrane also decreased, although not so dramatically. (biomedsearch.com)
- The basic objective of this thesis is to develop our understanding of the topography, organisation and function of mitochondrial membrane proteins/glycoproteins to a level comparable to the red blood cell plasma membrane. (gla.ac.uk)
- M1 preparations contain 5.0% acid phosphatase (lysosomes), 5.4% glue ose-6-phosphate (microsomes) and 4.4% 5'-nucleotidase (plasma membrane), while analogous values for the PM1 fractions are 1,1%, 1.7% and 0.6% respectively. (gla.ac.uk)
- Endolyn-78 was present at low levels in the plasma membrane and in peripheral tubular endosomes, but was prominent in morphologically diverse components of the endosomal compartment (vacuolar endosomes and various types of multivesicular bodies) which acquired alpha-2-macroglobulin at 18.5 degrees C, and frequently contained substantial levels of the MPR and variable levels of beta-glucuronidase. (rupress.org)
- P-gp is responsible for the removal of oxidized lipids and cytotoxic drug molecules from the cell and is located in the plasma and mitochondrial membranes. (arvojournals.org)
- P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette transporter, responsible for multidrug resistance in tumor cells. (semanticscholar.org)
- The major glycoprotein on the plasma membrane of testicular spermatozoa labelled with the galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 technique has mol.wt. (mysciencework.com)
- The evidence suggests that it is inserted into or absorbed on to the plasma membrane, and since its appearance on spermatozoa correlates with the acquisition of fertilizing capacity it should serve as a good marker for assessing maturation in vitro. (mysciencework.com)
- A fraction of each glycoprotein was also detected on the plasma membrane of U937 and HL-60 cells but not on a variety of other tissue culture cells. (elsevier.com)
- This cell-surface expression may be differentiation related, since the proteins were not detected in the plasma membrane of normal blood monocytes and their expression on U937 and HL-60 cells was reduced when the cells were treated with differentiating agents. (elsevier.com)
Influenza virus4
- Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution. (nih.gov)
- The haemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus is a trimer comprising two structurally distinct regions: a triple-stranded coiled-coil of alpha-helices extends 76 A from the membrane and a globular region of antiparallel beta-sheet, which contains the receptor binding site and the variable antigenic determinants, is positioned on top of this stem. (nih.gov)
- Here recent studies that highlight the utility of these complementary approaches will be reviewed with a focus on the well-characterized influenza virus hemagglutinin fusion glycoprotein system. (mdpi.com)
- Most strikingly, electron micrographs (EM) indicate a long rod-shaped structure similar to EM images observed of the low-pH-induced conformation of influenza virus HA2 ( 20 , 21 ) and of fragments of HIV-1 env gp41 ( 22 , 23 ), suggesting a similar role for Ebola Gp2 in membrane fusion. (pnas.org)
Envelope6
- Herpesviruses encode numerous different envelope glycoproteins whose functions are only slowly becoming clearer. (asm.org)
- The trimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike is a molecular machine that mediates virus entry into host cells and is the sole target for virus-neutralizing antibodies. (harvard.edu)
- In this study, we have characterized the microdomain organization of the virus envelope glycoprotein (GPC) on the cell surface by using immunogold electron microscopy. (asm.org)
- The virus envelope glycoprotein (GPC) is trafficked to the surfaces of infected cells for incorporation into budding virions and mediates the entry of the virus into its host cell. (asm.org)
- GPC is synthesized as a precursor polypeptide that undergoes two proteolytic cleavage events to form the mature envelope glycoprotein complex ( 13 ). (asm.org)
- Machida, C , Bestwick, RK & Kabat, D 1985, ' A weakly pathogenic Rauscher spleen focus-forming virus mutant that lacks the carboxyl-terminal membrane anchor of its envelope glycoprotein ', Journal of Virology , vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 990-993. (elsevier.com)
IIIa6
- A membrane glycoprotein immunologically related to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex was identified on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells using specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and Northern blot analysis using complementary DNA probes for IIb and IIIa. (rti.org)
- Furthermore, treatment of tumor cells with specific antibodies to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex inhibits tumor cell-platelet interaction at the macroscopic level (i.e., aggregation) and at the ultrastructural level (i.e., platelet adhesion to the tumor cell surface). (rti.org)
- These results suggest that this immunologically related glycoprotein IIb/IIIa is a receptor for platelet binding to the tumor cell surface, an event which precedes overt platelet aggregation and is dependent upon an intact tumor cell microfilament and intermediate filament network. (rti.org)
- In consequence, this complex activates GPIIb / IIIa membrane glycoproteins, allowing them to bind fibrinogen. (wikipedia.org)
- Fibrinogen sites recognized by glycoprotein IIb / IIIa complex: dodecapeptide located in the C-terminal of the fibrinogen γ chain (the most important) RGD sequence of the α chain → the Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate amino acid sequence This complex also binds vWF, fibronectin and vitronectin. (wikipedia.org)
- Noncardiac applications of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. (rush.edu)
Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies1
- Two murine lysosome-associated membrane proteins, LAMP-1 of 105,000-115,000 D and LAMP-2 of 100,000-110,000 D, have been identified by monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to lysosomal membranes. (rupress.org)
Putative2
- Also, transection of one or both branches of the axon decreases the amount of 3H-fucose incorporated during a short period into a putative vesicle membrane glycoprotein but not into other glycoproteins. (jneurosci.org)
- We have studied quantitatively the partitioning between the 2 branches, after one has been transected distally, of 6 fucosyl glycoproteins, including the putative vesicle glycoprotein and a glycoprotein whose transport moderately increases after transection. (jneurosci.org)
Affinity1
- CP 100356 HCl is a high affinity P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor with Kis of 58 and 94 nM for mouse Pgp1a and Pgp1b isoforms. (csnpharm.cn)
Fusion glycoproteins2
- The fusion glycoproteins that decorate the surface of enveloped viruses undergo dramatic conformational changes in the course of engaging with target cells through receptor interactions and during cell entry. (mdpi.com)
- While well-established methods for structure determination such as X-ray crystallography have provided detailed structures of fusion proteins in the pre- and post-fusion fusion states, to understand mechanistically how these fusion glycoproteins perform their structural calisthenics and drive membrane fusion requires new analytical approaches that enable dynamic intermediate states to be probed. (mdpi.com)
Liver3
- The secreted Ebola Gp dimer interacts with neutrophils through a Fc γ receptor III (CD16b) ( 9 ) and the membrane-anchored form binds to a number of target cells, including endothelial cells ( 9 , 10 ) and liver cells ( 11 ), and is thought to mediate viral entry. (pnas.org)
- A study of properties and abundance of the components of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferases in mitochondrial inner and outer membranes. (portlandpress.com)
- Analysis of rat liver mitoctiondria pre-labelled in vivo with D-[6-3H]-glucosamine confirm that 70-80% of the carbohydrate is released in a soluble form on disruption of the organelle, the remainder being distributed equally between inner and outer membranes. (gla.ac.uk)
Viral and cellular membranes2
- These refolding events ultimately drive the fusion of viral and cellular membranes leading to delivery of the genetic cargo. (mdpi.com)
- Fusion of the viral and cellular membranes is activated by low pH in the maturing endosome and is promoted by the transmembrane fusion subunit of GPC (G2) ( 19 , 71 ). (asm.org)
Cell28
- The isolation of integral surface membrane molecules participating in adhesive phenomena is an important but elusive goal of developmental and cell biology. (springer.com)
- Viruses undergo dramatic structural reorganizations at many critical stages of their life cycles including during host cell invasion, membrane fusion, genome expulsion, assembly, and cell egress. (washington.edu)
- The IHC study of CD-99 (a cell membrane glycoprotein ) and intranuclear FLI-1 (a DNA-binding transcription factor) is important to diagnose ES. (thefreedictionary.com)
- These findings suggest that the glycoprotein is oriented at the cell surface with its oligosaccharide-rich N-terminal end exposed to the exterior, while its C-terminal segment interacts with other components in the interior of the membrane to form intramembranous particles. (pnas.org)
- To determine the primary structure of CD13, a 150-kD cell surface glycoprotein originally identified on subsets of normal and malignant human myeloid cells, we isolated the complete sequences encoding the polypeptide in overlapping complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. (nih.gov)
- Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class revealed that CD13 is identical to aminopeptidase N, a membrane-bound glycoprotein thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes prepared from cells of the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
- Plasmids expressing PrV glycoproteins under control of the immediate-early 1 promoter-enhancer of human cytomegalovirus were transfected into rabbit kidney cells, and the extent of cell fusion was quantitated 27 to 42 h after transfection. (asm.org)
- Virus-cell fusion events mediated by viral membrane glycoproteins constitute a crucial primary step in the infectious cycle of all enveloped viruses. (asm.org)
- This major M r 160,000 glycoprotein that was identified on two different human lung tumor cell lines was also found on a human large cell tumor tissue obtained by surgical biopsy. (aacrjournals.org)
- How Do Sugar Molecules Cross the Cell Membrane? (study.com)
- How do cells use glycoproteins in cell-to-cell recognition? (study.com)
- A particular glycoprotein will bind to a glycoprotein on the other cell using the attached oligosaccharides. (study.com)
- They are critical components of cell-to-cell adhesion sites, sticking to the glycoproteins on neighboring cells. (study.com)
- They line the inner membrane of the cell next to cell-to-cell adhesion sites to give the cell membrane strength. (study.com)
- You'll be assessed on important subjects such as cell-cell recognition in relation to glycoproteins, and the qualities and functions glycoproteins. (study.com)
- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, soluble is required for the presentation of glycolipid antigens on the cell surface. (hmdb.ca)
- This trimeric (low-pH-iduced) form is fusion active, and promotes release of viral nucleocapsid in cytoplasm after cell and viral membrane fusion. (umich.edu)
- Membrane glycoproteins are membrane proteins which play important roles in cell recognition. (wikipedia.org)
- Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) has been a powerful tool for characterizing the mobility of cell surface membrane proteins. (biologists.org)
- In RGC-5 cells, we investigated whether TPGS (TPGS) inhibits P-glycoprotein activity through modulation of the cell membrane dipole potential. (arvojournals.org)
- Sequence analysis showed that both mouse and human CD69 are type II membrane glycoproteins related to the NKR‐P1 and Ly‐49 families of natural killer cell activation molecules. (deepdyve.com)
- The multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein, actively mediates cholesterol redistribution in the cell membrane. (semanticscholar.org)
- As another projects, we tried to establish the immortalized cell line derived from human testis to investigate the synthesis of glycoproteins under cellular level. (nii.ac.jp)
- Two human cell lysosomal membrane glycoproteins of ∼120 kDa, hLAMP-1 and hLAMP-2, were identified by use of monoclonal antibodies prepared against U937 myelomonocytic leukemia cells or blood mononuclear cells. (elsevier.com)
- Cell-surface expression of both glycoproteins was markedly increased in blood monocytes but not in U937 cells after exposure to the lysosomotropic reagent methylamine HCl, indicating differences in LAMP-associated membrane flow in these cell types. (elsevier.com)
- We have named this cell membrane glycoprotein, which down-regulates E-cadherin and promotes metastasis, dysadherin. (elsevier.com)
- Anchoring mechanisms for LFA-3 cell adhesion glycoprotein at membrane surface. (ox.ac.uk)
- Tariquidar is a potent and selective noncompetitive inhibitor of P-glycoprotein with Kd of 5.1 nM, reverses drug resistance in MDR cell Lines. (csnpharm.cn)
Secretory3
- Influence of colchicine and vinblastine on the intracellular migration of secretory and membrane glycoproteins: III. (biomedsearch.com)
- To investigate the involvement of specific apically-located secretory membrane transporters, CPT transport studies were conducted using MDCKII/PGP cells and MDCKII/MRP2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- The molecular environment of secretory proteins during translocation across the ER membrane was examined by photocross-linking. (ucsf.edu)
Precursor1
- The virus genome is negative-stranded and encodes for seven structural and regulatory proteins ( 3 , 4 ), including a surface glycoprotein (Gp) that is synthesized as a precursor molecule and then cleaved into two subunits ( 5 , 6 ), Gp1 and Gp2, the latter of which is anchored in the membrane. (pnas.org)
Electron microscopy2
- Electron microscopy indicates that Gp2 folds into a rod-like structure like influenza HA2 and HIV-1 gp41, providing further evidence that viral fusion proteins from diverse families such as Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza), Retroviridae (HIV-1), and Filoviridae (Ebola) share common structural features, and suggesting a common membrane fusion mechanism. (pnas.org)
- The glycoproteins were studied by electron microscopy before and after delipidation and after ultracentrifugation. (elsevier.com)
Multidrug resistance1
- Valspodar is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor widely used in preclinical and clinical studies for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR). (csnpharm.cn)
Mitochondrial2
- 50% of the glucosamine-labelled mitochondrial glycoprotein, without destroying the integrity of the outer membrane. (gla.ac.uk)
- Direct agglutination and binding studies with[125I]-WGA demonstrate the presence of integral carbohydrate on the external surfaces of mitochondrial inner and outer membranes. (gla.ac.uk)
Carbohydrate2
- This glycoprotein provides selectins with carbohydrate ligands. (nih.gov)
- A comparison of composition revealed that the major glycoprotein had 77% carbohydrate and 23% peptide, and the minor one had 27% carbohydrate and 73% peptide. (elsevier.com)
Galactose3
- The membrane glycoproteins were labeled by treatment with galactose oxidase and tritiated borohydride. (arvojournals.org)
- Under these conditions, galactose was transferred to a glycoprotein of molecular mass of 92 kDa. (umassmed.edu)
- Molar ratios of sugars were related, however, the major glycoprotein had twice as much galactose and sialic acid as did the minor glycoprotein. (elsevier.com)
Topology2
- Each subunit has an unusual loop-like topology, starting at the membrane, extending 135 A distally and folding back to enter the membrane. (nih.gov)
- N-glycosylation and topology of the human SLC26 family of anion transport membrane proteins. (semanticscholar.org)
Transmembrane glycoprotein1
- This transmembrane glycoprotein complex is composed of four subunits: GPIbα, GPIbβ, GPV and GPIX. (wikipedia.org)
Surface5
- Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells. (umassmed.edu)
- MacGregor, A.N. , Stott, D.I. and Kusel, J.R. (1985) Lectin binding to glycoproteins in the surface membrane of Schistosoma mansoni. (gla.ac.uk)
- A number of lectins were assessed for their ability to bind to glycoproteins in the surface membrane of Schistosoma mansoni. (gla.ac.uk)
- This glycoprotein was subsequently shown to be exposed at the surface of the parasite and localised at the tubercles. (gla.ac.uk)
- Biochemical analysis showed that the product of BPRF1 was a glycoprotein present on the surface of infected cells, and immunoelectron microscopy showed that it was present in the virus particle. (openrepository.com)
Molecular weight1
- Most of the individual lectins bound to a variety of glycoproteins but peanut agglutinin and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin bound preferentially to a single glycoprotein of apparent molecular weight 170 000. (gla.ac.uk)
Amino acids1
- The nonpolar amino acids of this glycoprotein are located predominantly in the C-terminal fragment (C-2). (pnas.org)
Cellular4
- 22162747 reports that induced cellular protrusions are simple membrane-wrapped tubules without actin or tubulin-based cytoskeletons and with Gpm6a gliding along membrane edges indicative for a function in actin-independent membrane deformation. (uniprot.org)
- Modulation of cellular cholesterol alters P-glycoprotein activity in multidrug-resistant cells. (semanticscholar.org)
- Molecular and cellular biological mechanism of the deteriorated spermatogenesis : analysis of glycoprotein in basal membrane of seminiferous tubules. (nii.ac.jp)
- The mechanism by which herpesviruses fuse with cellular membranes to permit virus entry is still relatively poorly understood. (proteinpeptideletters.com)
Subunits2
- Many viral fusion proteins are tight complexes of two glycoprotein subunits that confer binding as well as fusion activity, and many are made as larger precursors which require proteolytic activation of their fusogenic potential ( 16 ). (asm.org)
- The data support a viral entry mechanism dependent on binding to the lysosome-resident receptor LAMP1 and further dissociation of the membrane-distal GP1 subunits. (nih.gov)
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane1
- Processing of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane glycoproteins of rotavirus SA11. (rupress.org)
Cells10
- The differentiated cells synthesize basement membrane components and provided the probes for the cDNA cloning of entactin and the three chains of laminin. (biomedsearch.com)
- Virus mutants lacking glycoprotein gB, gD, gH, or gL are unable to penetrate target cells, a defect which can be at least partially overcome by treatment with an artificial fusogen, polyethylene glycol, indicating that these proteins are involved in the fusion process (reviewed in references 27 and 37 ). (asm.org)
- Membrane glycoprotein PC-1, an inhibitor of insulin signaling, produces insulin resistance when overexpressed in cells transfected with PC-1 cDNA. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Previous studies have indicated that one of the components, a glycoprotein homologous to mammalian ZPC, is produced and secreted by the granulosa cells of developing follicles of the chicken ovary. (bioone.org)
- In the present work, the effects of these drugs on migration of membrane glycoproteins have been examined at the ultrastructural level in duodenal villous columnar cells and hepatocytes. (biomedsearch.com)
- We present a method to artificially induce network formation of membrane glycoproteins and show the precise tuning of their interconnection on living cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
- Alteration of the cytoplasmic domain of the membrane-spanning glycoprotein p62 of Semliki Forest virus does not affect its polar distribution in established lines of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. (rupress.org)
- Combining information about the cells and lamina propria in testis by immunohistochemistry, we developed a screening method of isolating glycoproteins recognized by PNA-lectin. (nii.ac.jp)
- The synthesis and oligosaccharide processing of the glycoproteins of SA11 rotavirus in infected Ma104 cells was examined. (rupress.org)
- Electron microscopic studies of human blood monocytes, HL-60, and U937 cells demonstrated that the principal location of these glycoproteins was intracellular, in vacuoles and lysosomal structures but not in the peroxidase-positive granules of monocytes. (elsevier.com)
GPM6A1
- The mechanism of action of GPM6A is still not fully defined which limits the understanding of functional details encoding M6-A. Our results may help enlighten some molecular aspects underlying glycoprotein M6-A. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. (nih.gov)