AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
MechanoreceptorsPacinian CorpusclesPhysical StimulationNeurons, AfferentAfferent PathwaysTouchMerkel CellsReflexCatsSensory Receptor CellsVagus NerveMechanotransduction, CellularPhysiological ProcessesNeural ConductionSkinPeriodontal LigamentBeakLaryngeal NervesAction PotentialsSkin Physiological PhenomenaNociceptorsPeriodontiumNeurons, EfferentPressureMuscle SpindlesVibrationNerve FibersNerve EndingsProprioceptionObturator NerveHairStomach, RuminantSensory ThresholdsCuspidChemoreceptor CellsElectric StimulationSensationAminophyllineReflex, StretchVagus Nerve DiseasesEsophagusPlatypusTrigeminal NucleiMolesSense OrgansLaryngeal MusclesDecerebrate StateSensory System AgentsAdaptation, PhysiologicalHindlimbVibrissaePressoreceptorsSural NerveFingersCapsaicinElectrophysiologyTrigeminal NerveNerve Fibers, MyelinatedNerve Fibers, UnmyelinatedThermoreceptorsMuscle ContractionAxonsUbiquitin ThiolesteraseDenervationPeroneal NervePeripheral NervesIntercostal MusclesElectromagnetic PhenomenaSympathetic Nervous SystemFootStress, MechanicalEfferent PathwaysThiolester HydrolasesElectromyographyLigaments, ArticularEnteric Nervous SystemUlnar NerveMasseter MuscleRectumGanglia, SpinalBlood PressureTongueTrigeminal GanglionMotor NeuronsIncisorUrinary BladderHeart RateCarotid SinusLidocaineHand Strength
Mechanoreceptors
Cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Mechanoreceptor cells include the INNER EAR hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance, and the various somatosensory receptors, often with non-neural accessory structures.
Pacinian Corpuscles
Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors found in subcutaneous tissue beneath both hairy and glabrous skin. Pacinian corpuscles contain an afferent nerve fiber surrounded by a capsule with multiple concentric layers. They have large receptive fields and are most sensitive to high-frequency stimuli, such as vibration.
Physical Stimulation
Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.
Neurons, Afferent
Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Afferent Pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.
Touch
Sensation of making physical contact with objects, animate or inanimate. Tactile stimuli are detected by MECHANORECEPTORS in the skin and mucous membranes.
Merkel Cells
Modified epidermal cells located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute, such as the fingertips. Merkel cells are closely associated with an expanded terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated nerve fiber. Do not confuse with Merkel's corpuscle which is a combination of a neuron and an epidermal cell.
Reflex
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Sensory Receptor Cells
Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.
Vagus Nerve
The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
Mechanotransduction, Cellular
The process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into a chemical response. It can occur in both cells specialized for sensing mechanical cues such as MECHANORECEPTORS, and in parenchymal cells whose primary function is not mechanosensory.
Physiological Processes
The functions and activities of living organisms that support life in single- or multi-cellular organisms from their origin through the progression of life.
Neural Conduction
The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.
Skin
The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
Periodontal Ligament
The fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE surrounding the TOOTH ROOT, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS).
Beak
In some animals, the jaws together with their horny covering. The beak usually refers to the bill of birds in which the whole varies greatly in form according of the food and habits of the bird. While the beak refers most commonly to birds, the anatomical counterpart is found also in the turtle, squid, and octopus. (From Webster, 3d ed & Storer, et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p491, 755)
Laryngeal Nerves
Branches of the VAGUS NERVE. The superior laryngeal nerves originate near the nodose ganglion and separate into external branches, which supply motor fibers to the cricothyroid muscles, and internal branches, which carry sensory fibers. The RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE originates more caudally and carries efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid. The laryngeal nerves and their various branches also carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.
Action Potentials
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Skin Physiological Phenomena
The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.
Nociceptors
Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Periodontium
The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
Neurons, Efferent
Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
Pressure
A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Muscle Spindles
Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.
Vibration
A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Nerve Fibers
Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Nerve Endings
Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.
Proprioception
Sensory functions that transduce stimuli received by proprioceptive receptors in joints, tendons, muscles, and the INNER EAR into neural impulses to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Proprioception provides sense of stationary positions and movements of one's body parts, and is important in maintaining KINESTHESIA and POSTURAL BALANCE.
Obturator Nerve
A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to the lower extremity. The obturator nerve provides motor innervation to the adductor muscles of the thigh and cutaneous sensory innervation of the inner thigh.
Hair
A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.
Stomach, Ruminant
Sensory Thresholds
The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.
Cuspid
The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)
Chemoreceptor Cells
Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Sensation
The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into NERVE IMPULSES which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Aminophylline
A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.
Reflex, Stretch
Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.
Vagus Nerve Diseases
Diseases of the tenth cranial nerve, including brain stem lesions involving its nuclei (solitary, ambiguus, and dorsal motor), nerve fascicles, and intracranial and extracranial course. Clinical manifestations may include dysphagia, vocal cord weakness, and alterations of parasympathetic tone in the thorax and abdomen.
Esophagus
The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Platypus
A small aquatic oviparous mammal of the order Monotremata found in Australia and Tasmania.
Trigeminal Nuclei
Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve situated in the brain stem. They include the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS, SPINAL), the principal sensory nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus, and the motor nucleus.
Moles
Any of numerous burrowing mammals found in temperate regions and having minute eyes often covered with skin.
Sense Organs
Specialized organs adapted for the reception of stimuli by the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Laryngeal Muscles
The striated muscle groups which move the LARYNX as a whole or its parts, such as altering tension of the VOCAL CORDS, or size of the slit (RIMA GLOTTIDIS).
Decerebrate State
A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)
Sensory System Agents
Drugs that act on neuronal sensory receptors resulting in an increase, decrease, or modification of afferent nerve activity. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p367)
Adaptation, Physiological
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
Hindlimb
Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)
Vibrissae
Stiff hairs projecting from the face around the nose of most mammals, acting as touch receptors.
Pressoreceptors
Receptors in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which are sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls.
Sural Nerve
A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.
Fingers
Four or five slender jointed digits in humans and primates, attached to each HAND.
Capsaicin
An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.
Electrophysiology
The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
Trigeminal Nerve
The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.
Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the unmyelinated nerve fibers are small in diameter and usually several are surrounded by a single MYELIN SHEATH. They conduct low-velocity impulses, and represent the majority of peripheral sensory and autonomic fibers, but are also found in the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.
Thermoreceptors
Cellular receptors which mediate the sense of temperature. Thermoreceptors in vertebrates are mostly located under the skin. In mammals there are separate types of thermoreceptors for cold and for warmth and NOCICEPTORS which detect cold or heat extreme enough to cause pain.
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Axons
Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.
Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
A thioester hydrolase which acts on esters formed between thiols such as DITHIOTHREITOL or GLUTATHIONE and the C-terminal glycine residue of UBIQUITIN.
Denervation
The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Peroneal Nerve
The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.
Peripheral Nerves
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.
Intercostal Muscles
Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Electromagnetic Phenomena
Characteristics of ELECTRICITY and magnetism such as charged particles and the properties and behavior of charged particles, and other phenomena related to or associated with electromagnetism.
Sympathetic Nervous System
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.
Foot
The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
Stress, Mechanical
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
Efferent Pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.
Thiolester Hydrolases
Electromyography
Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.
Ligaments, Articular
Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.
Enteric Nervous System
Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. (From Kandel, Schwartz, and Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p766)
Ulnar Nerve
A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.
Masseter Muscle
A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.
Rectum
The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.
Ganglia, Spinal
Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.
Blood Pressure
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Tongue
A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech.
Trigeminal Ganglion
The semilunar-shaped ganglion containing the cells of origin of most of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve. It is situated within the dural cleft on the cerebral surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and gives off the ophthalmic, maxillary, and part of the mandibular nerves.
Motor Neurons
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Incisor
Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)
Urinary Bladder
A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.
Heart Rate
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Carotid Sinus
The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure.
Lidocaine
A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.
Hand Strength
Force exerted when gripping or grasping.

Neural mapping of direction and frequency in the cricket cercal sensory system. (1/1662)

Primary mechanosensory receptors and interneurons in the cricket cercal sensory system are sensitive to the direction and frequency of air current stimuli. Receptors innervating long mechanoreceptor hairs (>1000 microm) are most sensitive to low-frequency air currents (<150 Hz); receptors innervating medium-length hairs (900-500 microm) are most sensitive to higher frequency ranges (150-400 Hz). Previous studies demonstrated that the projection pattern of the synaptic arborizations of long hair receptor afferents form a continuous map of air current direction within the terminal abdominal ganglion (). We demonstrate here that the projection pattern of the medium-length hair afferents also forms a continuous map of stimulus direction. However, the afferents from the long and medium-length hair afferents show very little spatial segregation with respect to their frequency sensitivity. The possible functional significance of this small degree of spatial segregation was investigated, by calculating the relative overlap between the long and medium-length hair afferents with the dendrites of two interneurons that are known to have different frequency sensitivities. Both interneurons were shown to have nearly equal anatomical overlap with long and medium hair afferents. Thus, the differential overlap of these interneurons with the two different classes of afferents was not adequate to explain the observed frequency selectivity of the interneurons. Other mechanisms such as selective connectivity between subsets of afferents and interneurons and/or differences in interneuron biophysical properties must play a role in establishing the frequency selectivities of these interneurons.  (+info)

Morphology of intraepithelial corpuscular nerve endings in the nasal respiratory mucosa of the dog. (2/1662)

Corpuscular nerve endings in the nasal respiratory mucosa of the dog were investigated by immunohistochemical staining specific for protein gene product 9.5 by light and electron microscopy. In the nasal respiratory mucosa, complex corpuscular endings, which displayed bulbous, laminar and varicose expansions, were distributed on the dorsal elevated part of the nasal septum and on the dorsal nasal concha. The endings were 300-500 microm long and 100-250 microm wide. Some axons gave rise to a single ending while others branched into 2 endings. Cryostat sections revealed that the corpuscular endings were located within the nasal respiratory epithelium. On electron microscopy, immunoreactive nerve terminals that contained organelles, including mitochondria and neurofilaments, were observed within the epithelial layer near the lumen of the nasal cavity. Some terminals contacted the goblet cell. Such terminal regions were covered by the cytoplasmic process of ciliated cells and were never exposed to the lumen of the nasal cavity. These nerve endings are probably activated by pressure changes.  (+info)

Receptor mechanisms underlying heterogenic reflexes among the triceps surae muscles of the cat. (3/1662)

The soleus (S), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles of the cat are interlinked by rapid spinal reflex pathways. In the decerebrate state, these heterogenic reflexes are either excitatory and length dependent or inhibitory and force dependent. Mechanographic analysis was used to obtain additional evidence that the muscle spindle primary ending and the Golgi tendon organ provide the major contributions to these reflexes, respectively. The tendons of the triceps surae muscles were separated and connected to independent force transducers and servo-controlled torque motors in unanesthetized, decerebrate cats. The muscles were activated as a group using crossed-extension reflexes. Electrical stimulation of the caudal cutaneous sural nerve was used to provide a particularly strong activation of MG and decouple the forces of the triceps surae muscles. During either form of activation, the muscles were stretched either individually or in various combinations to determine the strength and characteristics of autogenic and heterogenic feedback. The corresponding force responses, including both active and passive components, were measured during the changing background tension. During activation of the entire group, the excitatory, heterogenic feedback linking the three muscles was found to be strongest onto LG and weakest onto MG, in agreement with previous results concerning the strengths of heteronymous Ia excitatory postsynaptic potentials among the triceps surae muscles. The inhibition, which is known to affect only the soleus muscle, was dependent on active contractile force and was detected essentially as rapidly as length dependent excitation. The inhibition outlasted the excitation and was blocked by intravenous strychnine. These results indicate that the excitatory and inhibitory effects are dominated by feedback from primary spindle receptors and Golgi tendon organs. The interactions between these two feedback pathways potentially can influence both the mechanical coupling between ankle and knee.  (+info)

Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat. (4/1662)

The effects of cannabinoid agonists on noxious heat-evoked firing of 62 spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were examined in urethan-anesthetized rats (1 cell/animal). Noxious thermal stimulation was applied with a Peltier device to the receptive fields in the ipsilateral hindpaw of isolated WDR neurons. To assess the site of action, cannabinoids were administered systemically in intact and spinally transected rats and intraventricularly. Both the aminoalkylindole cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (125 microg/kg iv) and the bicyclic cannabinoid CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv) suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity. Responses evoked by mild pressure in nonnociceptive neurons were not altered by CP55,940 (125 microg/kg iv), consistent with previous observations with another cannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2. The cannabinoid induced-suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity was blocked by pretreatment with SR141716A (1 mg/kg iv), a competitive antagonist for central cannabinoid CB1 receptors. By contrast, intravenous administration of either vehicle or the receptor-inactive enantiomer WIN55,212-3 (125 microg/kg) failed to alter noxious heat-evoked activity. The suppression of noxious heat-evoked activity induced by WIN55,212-2 in the lumbar dorsal horn of intact animals was markedly attenuated in spinal rats. Moreover, intraventricular administration of WIN55,212-2 suppressed noxious heat-evoked activity in spinal WDR neurons. By contrast, both vehicle and enantiomer were inactive. These findings suggest that cannabinoids selectively modulate the activity of nociceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn by actions at CB1 receptors. This modulation represents a suppression of pain neurotransmission because the inhibitory effects are selective for pain-sensitive neurons and are observed with different modalities of noxious stimulation. The data also provide converging lines of evidence for a role for descending antinociceptive mechanisms in cannabinoid modulation of spinal nociceptive processing.  (+info)

Neuronal activity in somatosensory cortex of monkeys using a precision grip. I. Receptive fields and discharge patterns. (5/1662)

Three adolescent Macaca fascicularis monkeys weighing between 3.5 and 4 kg were trained to use a precision grip to grasp a metal tab mounted on a low friction vertical track and to lift and hold it in a 12- to 25-mm position window for 1 s. The surface texture of the metal tab in contact with the fingers and the weight of the object could be varied. The activity of 386 single cells with cutaneous receptive fields contacting the metal tab were recorded in Brodmann's areas 3b, 1, 2, 5, and 7 of the somatosensory cortex. In this first of a series of papers, we describe three types of discharge pattern, the receptive-field properties, and the anatomic distribution of the neurons. The majority of the receptive fields were cutaneous and covered less than one digit, and a chi2 test did not reveal any significant differences in the Brodmann's areas representing the thumb and index finger. Two broad categories of discharge pattern cells were identified. The first category, dynamic cells, showed a brief increase in activity beginning near grip onset, which quickly subsided despite continued pressure applied to the receptive field. Some of the dynamic neurons responded to both skin indentation and release. The second category, static cells, had higher activity during the stationary holding phase of the task. These static neurons demonstrated varying degrees of sensitivity to rates of pressure change on the skin. The percentage of dynamic versus static cells was about equal for areas 3b, 2, 5, and 7. Only area 1 had a higher proportion of dynamic cells (76%). A third category was identified that contained cells with significant pregrip activity and included cortical cells with both dynamic or static discharge patterns. Cells in this category showed activity increases before movement in the absence of receptive-field stimulation, suggesting that, in addition to peripheral cutaneous input, these cells also receive strong excitation from movement-related regions of the brain.  (+info)

Phase-dependent presynaptic modulation of mechanosensory signals in the locust flight system. (6/1662)

In the locust flight system, afferents of a wing hinge mechanoreceptor, the hindwing tegula, make monosynaptic excitatory connections with motoneurons of the elevator muscles. During flight motor activity, the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) produced by these connections changed in amplitude with the phase of the wingbeat cycle. The largest changes occurred around the phase where elevator motoneurons passed through their minimum membrane potential. This phase-dependent modulation was neither due to flight-related oscillations in motoneuron membrane potential nor to changes in motoneuron input resistance. This indicates that modulation of EPSP amplitude is mediated by presynaptic mechanisms that affect the efficacy of afferent synaptic input. Primary afferent depolarizations (PADs) were recorded in the terminal arborizations of tegula afferents, presynaptic to elevator motoneurons in the same hemiganglion. PADs were attributed to presynaptic inhibitory input because they reduced the input resistance of the afferents and were sensitive to the gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist picrotoxin. PADs occurred either spontaneously or were elicited by spike activity in the tegula afferents. In summary, afferent signaling in the locust flight system appears to be under presynaptic control, a candidate mechanism of which is presynaptic inhibition.  (+info)

C-fiber depletion alters response properties of neurons in trigeminal nucleus principalis. (7/1662)

The effects of C-fiber depletion induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment on the functional properties of vibrissa-sensitive low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) neurons in the rat trigeminal nucleus principalis were examined in adult rats. Neonatal rats were injected either with capsaicin or its vehicle within 48 h of birth. The depletion of unmyelinated afferents was confirmed by the significant decrease in plasma extravasation of Evan's blue dye induced in the hindlimb skin of capsaicin-treated rats by cutaneous application of mustard oil and by the significant decrease of unmyelinated fibers in both the sciatic and infraorbital nerves. The mechanoreceptive field (RF) and response properties of 31 vibrissa-sensitive neurons in capsaicin-treated rats were compared with those of 32 vibrissa-sensitive neurons in control (untreated or vehicle-treated) rats. The use of electronically controlled mechanical stimuli allowed quantitative analysis of response properties of vibrissa-sensitive neurons; these included the number of center- and surround-RF vibrissae within the RF (i.e., those vibrissae which when stimulated elicited >/=1 and <1 action potential per stimulus, respectively), the response magnitude and latency, and the selectivity of responses to stimulation of vibrissae in different directions with emphasis on combining both the response magnitude and direction of vibrissal deflection in a vector analysis. Neonatal capsaicin treatment was associated with significant increases in the total number of vibrissae, in the number of center-RF vibrissae per neuronal RF, and in the percentage of vibrissa-sensitive neurons that also responded to stimulation of other types of orofacial tissues. Compared with control rats, capsaicin-treated rats showed significant increases in the response magnitude to stimulation of surround-RF vibrissae as well as in response latency variability to stimulation of both center- and surround-RF vibrissae. C-fiber depletion also significantly altered the directional selectivity of responses to stimulation of vibrissae. For neurons with multiple center-RF vibrissae, the proportion of center-RF vibrissae with net vector responses oriented toward the same quadrant was significantly less in capsaicin-treated compared with control rats. These changes in the functional properties of principalis vibrissa-sensitive neurons associated with marked depletion of C-fiber afferents are consistent with similarly induced alterations in LTM neurons studied at other levels of the rodent somatosensory system, and indeed may contribute to alterations previously described in the somatosensory cortex of adult rodents. Furthermore, these results provide additional support to the view that C fibers may have an important role in shaping the functional properties of LTM neurons in central somatosensory pathways.  (+info)

Distinct signaling pathways mediate touch and osmosensory responses in a polymodal sensory neuron. (8/1662)

The Caenorhabditis elegans ASH sensory neurons mediate responses to nose touch, hyperosmolarity, and volatile repellent chemicals. We show here that distinct signaling pathways mediate the responses to touch and hyperosmolarity. ASH neurons distinguish between these stimuli because habituation to nose touch has no effect on the response to high osmolarity or volatile chemicals (1-octanol). Mutations in osm-10 eliminate the response to hyperosmolarity but have no effect on responses to nose touch or to volatile repellents. OSM-10 is a novel cytosolic protein expressed in ASH and three other classes of sensory neurons. Mutations in two other osmosensory-defective genes, eos-1 and eos-2, interact genetically with osm-10. Our analysis suggests that nose touch sensitivity and osmosensation occur via distinct signaling pathways in ASH and that OSM-10 is required for osmosensory signaling.  (+info)

Properties of mechanosensitive neurons within Auerbachs plexus of the small intestine of the cat | SpringerLinkProperties of mechanosensitive neurons within Auerbachs plexus of the small intestine of the cat | SpringerLink
Three different kinds of mechanosensitive neurons were detected by direct electrical recording from Auerbachs plexus. Neurons classified as fast-adapting mechanoreceptors discharged spikes at the...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00584543
Structural and Functional Mechanisms of Mechanoreceptors | EP Wellness & Functional Medicine ClinicStructural and Functional Mechanisms of Mechanoreceptors | EP Wellness & Functional Medicine Clinic
| We were all taught as children that there are 5 senses: sight, taste, sound, smell, and touch. The initial four senses utilize clear, distinct organs, such as the eyes, taste buds, ears, and nose, but just how does the body sense touch exactly? Touch is experienced over the entire body, both inside and outside. There is not one distinct organ that is responsible for sensing touch. Rather, there are tiny receptors, or nerve endings, around the entire body which sense touch where it occurs and sends signals to the brain with information regarding the type of touch that occurred. As a taste bud on the tongue detects flavor, mechanoreceptors are glands within the skin and on other organs that detect sensations of touch. Theyre known as mechanoreceptors because theyre designed to detect mechanical
https://wellnessdoctorrx.com/structural-and-functional-mechanisms-of-mechanoreceptors/
THE GOLGI TENDON ORGAN - Catherine Shalini Raja - Happy To Serve
MECHANORECEPTORS & CHEMORECEPTORS: Mechanoreceptors are receptors in the skin and on other organs that detect sensations of touch. They are called mechanoreceptors…. ...
http://www.catherineshalini.com/tag/the-golgi-tendon-organ/
Mechanoreceptor - WikipediaMechanoreceptor - Wikipedia
Lamellar corpuscles, or Pacinian corpuscles, are pressure receptors located in the skin and also in various internal organs. Each is connected to a sensory neuron. Because of its relatively large size, a single lamellar corpuscle can be isolated and its properties studied. Mechanical pressure of varying strength and frequency can be applied to the corpuscle by stylus, and the resulting electrical activity detected by electrodes attached to the preparation. Deforming the corpuscle creates a generator potential in the sensory neuron arising within it. This is a graded response: the greater the deformation, the greater the generator potential. If the generator potential reaches threshold, a volley of action potentials (nerve impulses) are triggered at the first node of Ranvier of the sensory neuron. Once threshold is reached, the magnitude of the stimulus is encoded in the frequency of impulses generated in the neuron. So the more massive or rapid the deformation of a single corpuscle, the higher ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor
Each Tooth Is Associated With An Organ In The Body | MedDaily
Many health practitioners believe that there is a connection between oral health and the well-being of the body as a whole.. A 2009 study reported in the journal Dental Aegis reviewed a new paradigm in dentistry called teeth as sensory organs. Mechanoreceptors in teeth control a sequence of neural activities when we eat. They determine how hard and how fast we chew and provide sensory feedback to the brain. Tooth pulp contains mechanoreceptive fibers.. Mechanoreception is the unconscious sensing or conscious perception of touch or mechanical displacement arising from stimuli outside the body. Mechanoreceptors are sensory end organs that respond to mechanical stimuli such as tension, pressure, or vibration.. Teeth are therefore not inert but important for neural communication, providing unique sensory input that incites other biological processes.. A Finnish study isolated the genes that are responsible for tooth development and found that these same genes are responsible for the ...
http://meddaily.net/tooth-associated-organ-body/
Mechanoreceptor - wikidoc
Mechanoreceptors can also be separated into categories based on their rates of adaptivity. When a mechanoreceptor receives a stimulus it begins to fire impulses or action potentials at an elevated frequency (the stronger the stimulus the higher the frequency). The cell, however, will soon adapt to a constant or static stimulus and the pulses will subside to a normal rate. Receptors that adapt quickly (i.e. quickly return to a normal pulse rate) are referred to as phasic. Those receptors that are slow to return to their normal firing rate are called tonic. Phasic mechanoreceptors are useful in sensing such things as texture, vibrations, etc; whereas tonic receptors are useful for temperature and proprioception among others. ...
http://es.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mechanoreceptor&oldid=679229
Pann NwePann Nwe
Our research utilizes mouse genetics to characterize mechanoreceptors that are essential in providing information about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension. The article we recently published genetically identifies the least -understood mechanoreceptor. Specifically, we researched circumferential endings associated with hair follicles, as their properties have not been reported and it was first described nearly 50 years ago in the cat by Burgess and colleagues. In vivo recordings, we found that those circumferential nerve endings are low-threshold mechanoreceptors, also known as Aβ field--LTMRs, that are uniquely responsive to gentle stroking of the skin, but unresponsive to hair deflection and less sensitive to skin indentation.. For future work, we will further explore how Aβ field--LTMRs contribute to tactile perception and [look at] their involvement with the postsynaptic partners. Since LTMR neurons play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of multiple chronic pain syndromes ...
http://www.simmons.edu/news/college-of-arts-and-sciences/2016/january/pann-nwe
Finger pad friction and its role in grip and touch | Journal of The Royal Society InterfaceFinger pad friction and its role in grip and touch | Journal of The Royal Society Interface
Grasping an object between the pads of the thumb and the index finger is the prototype grip used for precision-handling studies. Precision grip must be controlled in order to achieve the optimal minimum force necessary to prevent the slip of an object. In perceptual tasks such as surface discrimination, the normal loading must be modulated to provoke a controlled slip. The precise control of finger pressure derives from the responses of strain-sensitive cutaneous mechanoreceptors at the tips of the digits, as well as from motor control systems that sense muscle length and power based on sensory input from both cutaneous and muscle mechanoreceptors [1,2]. The dynamic tactile signals from the cutaneous mechanoreceptors reliably encode various aspects of contact events around which most object manipulation tasks are organized [3,4]. In 1984, Westling & Johansson [5] published the results of an ingenious paradigm to study the control of grip force during the grasping and lifting of objects. They ...
http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/80/20120467
Motion generation by Drosophila mechanosensory neurons | PNASMotion generation by Drosophila mechanosensory neurons | PNAS
The neural basis of auditory motion generation is supported by the mechanics of the receiver in nompC2 mutants (24, 29). nompC encodes a mechanosensory transduction channel (29) that accounts for about half the compound electrical response of the mechanosensory neurons in the auditory system of the fly (15). In nompC2 mutants, the nonlinearity of the receiver was markedly reduced (Fig. 4A). When the stimulus particle velocity was decreased from 10−3 to 10−5 m/s, fR shifted down from 634 ± 30 Hz to 579 ± 20 Hz (Δ = 55 Hz) in the mutants and from 791 ± 26 Hz to 402 ± 11 Hz (Δ = 389 Hz) in controls (Fig. 4B). The slopes of the shift were 1.4 and 9.7 Hz/dB for mutants and controls, respectively (Fig. 4B). This partial linearization coincided with a reduced oscillation activity. In nompC2 mutants, the power of the spontaneous oscillations of the receiver was nearly 4 times less than in controls (Figs. 5 and 6). Instead of the single resonance observed in responses to sound, the spontaneous ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/100/9/5514?ijkey=017106c52c3b73fd440844b629629e8ae77ed2cf&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Stimulus-response functions of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the human glabrous skin areaStimulus-response functions of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the human glabrous skin area
1. Single unit impluses were recorded from the ulnar and median nerves of awake human subjects with tungsten electrodes inserted percutaneously in the upper arm. 2. One hundred and one slowly adapting receptors with receptive fields in the glabrous skin area were studied. The units were classified a …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1127614/?dopt=Abstract
US8260401B2 - Non-invasive in-vivo imaging of mechanoreceptors in skin using confocal microscopy - Google Patents
Meissners Corpuscles (MCs) are touch-pressure sensation receptors in glabrous skin. They are imaged by reflectance confocal microscopy to provide a non-invasive, in vivo quantification of their density or size to allow screening for, diagnosis or monitoring of sensory neuropathy and other peripheral nervous system disorders related to diabetes, HIV, or other conditions.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8260401B2/en
JCI - Ca2+-binding protein NECAB2 facilitates inflammatory pain hypersensitivityJCI - Ca2+-binding protein NECAB2 facilitates inflammatory pain hypersensitivity
Pain signals are transmitted by multisynaptic glutamatergic pathways. Their first synapse between primary nociceptors and excitatory spinal interneurons gates the sensory load. In this pathway, glutamate release is orchestrated by Ca2+-sensor proteins, with N-terminal EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein 2 (NECAB2) being particular abundant. However, neither the importance of NECAB2+ neuronal contingents in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord nor the function determination by NECAB2 has been defined. A combination of histochemical analyses and single-cell RNA-sequencing showed NECAB2 in small- and medium-sized C- and Aδ D-hair low-threshold mechanoreceptors in DRGs, as well as in protein kinase C γ excitatory spinal interneurons. NECAB2 was downregulated by peripheral nerve injury, leading to the hypothesis that NECAB2 loss of function could limit pain sensation. Indeed, Necab2-/- mice reached a pain-free state significantly faster after peripheral inflammation than did WT littermates. Genetic ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/120913/ga
The Architecture of the Connective Tissu e in the Musculoskel etal System-An Often Overlooked Function al Parameter as to P...The Architecture of the Connective Tissu e in the Musculoskel etal System-An Often Overlooked Function al Parameter as to P...
Om bindevevets struktur, mye om mechanoreceptors i bindevevet (golgi, ruffini og pacini spesielt), pluss den nevner dynamic ligaments som en del av bindevevet inni og igjennom muskler. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091473/ The discrimination between so-called joint receptors and muscle receptors is an artificial distinction when function is considered. Mechanoreceptors, also the so-called muscle receptors, are arranged in the…
https://mariusblomstervik.no/2013/06/04/the-architecture-of-the-connective-tissu-e-in-the-musculoskel-etal-system-an-often-overlooked-function-al-parameter-as-to-p-roprioception-in-the-locomotor-apparatus/
NASM & Study GuidesNASM & Study Guides
The Certification Handbook - pay attention to how long a personal trainer should keep client records (4 years). • OPT Model (differences and goals in all phases). • overweight + obesity statistics. • Diabetes (Type I and Type II). • proprioception. • prime movers. • hypertrophy. • Definitions in Chapter 2. • Muscle as Movers. (Agonist, Synergist, Stabilizer, Antagonist functions of exercises). • Figure 2.34 (page 41) concentrate on Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium. • the function of bones (as levers). • stroke volume. (The way they worded this one tricked me! Pay attention to this definition.). • Functions of the right/left atrium and right/left ventricles. (and Figure 3.3 on page 57). • arteries and veins. • depressions and processes in bones. • mechanoreceptors: muscle spindles fibers and golgi tendon organ (GTO). • aerobic and anaerobic metabolism (ATP-PC, Glycolysis, Oxidative). • EPOC. • force and force-couples. • Pay special attention to definitions ...
https://lifeinleggings.com/fitness/nasm-study-guides/
KAKEN - Researchers | OHATA Hisayuki (00119166)KAKEN - Researchers | OHATA Hisayuki (00119166)
Affiliation：昭和大学,教養部,教授, Research Field：Biological pharmacy,Functional basic dentistry,General pharmacology,General physiology,General pharmacology, Keywords：laser scanning confocal microscopy,mechanosensitive channel,機械受容チャネル,機械受容応答,mechanoreception,リゾホスファチジン酸,細胞内Ca^|2+|イオン濃度,microarray,in situ,流れ刺激, # of Research Projects：8, # of Research Products：14
https://nrid.nii.ac.jp/nrid/1000000119166/
Integrins and stretch activated ion channels; putative components of functional cell surface mechanoreceptors in articular...Integrins and stretch activated ion channels; putative components of functional cell surface mechanoreceptors in articular...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11779216?dopt=Abstract
Inflammatory influence on mechanoreceptor response - Robert TuckettInflammatory influence on mechanoreceptor response - Robert Tuckett
The classic theory of specific nerve energies proposes that sensory information is encoded and transmitted centrally along labeled lines. According to this view...
https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS048463-01A1
Gastric Motility - STEP1 Gastrointestinal - Step 1 - Medbullets.comGastric Motility - STEP1 Gastrointestinal - Step 1 - Medbullets.com
mechanoreceptors detect distension of the lower esophagus and the orad stomach by the food bolus and relay sensory information to the CNS via afferent fibers of the vagus nerve ...
http://www.medbullets.com/step1-gastrointestinal/6024/gastric-motility
morphology | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in mouse gastric mechanical activitymorphology | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in mouse gastric mechanical activity
Keywords: Vestibular, type II locks cell, morphology, mammal, synapse, JAX:000654, JAX:000664, RGD: 737903, Abdominal_10013626, Abdominal_10015251, Abdominal_2282417, Abdominal_2068506, Abdominal_2068336, Abdominal_477329, Abdominal_177520, Abdominal_10175616, Abdominal_2113875, Abdominal_399431, Abdominal_2079751, Abdominal_2286684 Intro In mammals, five vestibular body organs INO-1001 in the internal hearing encode motions of the mind and therefore regulate look, body motions, and body alignment. The saccule and utricle possess a toned physical epithelium known as a macula, and they respond to linear mind speeding and mind tilt. The anterior, posterior, and horizontal ampullae possess a even more complexly formed physical epithelium known as a crista, and they identify mind rotation in a range of aeroplanes. Locks cells are the physical mechanoreceptors in these body organs. Directional deflections of lengthy microvilli (stereocilia) on the areas of locks cells travel actions possibilities in ...
http://stopvivisection.info/tag/morphology/
type II locks cell | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in mouse gastric mechanical activitytype II locks cell | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors in mouse gastric mechanical activity
Keywords: Vestibular, type II locks cell, morphology, mammal, synapse, JAX:000654, JAX:000664, RGD: 737903, Abdominal_10013626, Abdominal_10015251, Abdominal_2282417, Abdominal_2068506, Abdominal_2068336, Abdominal_477329, Abdominal_177520, Abdominal_10175616, Abdominal_2113875, Abdominal_399431, Abdominal_2079751, Abdominal_2286684 Intro In mammals, five vestibular body organs INO-1001 in the internal hearing encode motions of the mind and therefore regulate look, body motions, and body alignment. The saccule and utricle possess a toned physical epithelium known as a macula, and they respond to linear mind speeding and mind tilt. The anterior, posterior, and horizontal ampullae possess a even more complexly formed physical epithelium known as a crista, and they identify mind rotation in a range of aeroplanes. Locks cells are the physical mechanoreceptors in these body organs. Directional deflections of lengthy microvilli (stereocilia) on the areas of locks cells travel actions possibilities in ...
http://stopvivisection.info/tag/type-ii-locks-cell/
senses - cueFlash - Learn by studying flashcardssenses - cueFlash - Learn by studying flashcards
General senses Widely distrubuted|pain touch pressure proprioceptionSpecial senses Localized area|taste smell hearing sight5 type of senses receptors|chemoreceptors mechanoreceptors nocieptors thermoreceptorssteps in sensory perception|stimulus receptor conducted translated interpreted
https://cueflash.com/decks/tag/biology/tag/general/12868/senses
Mic examen de parazit - sejururiexotice.ro
Nu stiu ce sa ii dau, suntem in Anglia si aici medicina e f diferită, medicii nu iti fac analize doar in situații f grave, pentru ca am fost cu ea la control si răspunsul a fost ca nu are probleme cu burta si as vrea daca se poate va rog sa imi spuneti ce pot sa ii dau.
http://sejururiexotice.ro/mic-examen-de-parazit-213285.php
7 August 2017 - BeautyBarometer7 August 2017 - BeautyBarometer
Elie Saab incanta lumea modei cu acele rochii care iti taie respiratia. De cate ori vad un fashion show Elie Saab, ma gandesc cat de mult inseamna sa cunosti femeia ca sa ii creezi o asemenea rochie care pur si simplu o transforma in zeita. Elie Saab, ca si marca de parfumuri, m-a cucerit de cand mirosit primul parfum. Stiu ca eram intr-un aeroport, le-am vazut prima data si cand le-am mirosit am zis ca unde au stat ascunse pana […]. ...
https://beautybarometer.com/2017/08/07/
The ARK2GEA Project - ROSE
Scopul primordial al RoSE este sa le asigure membrilor un statut profesional respectat si sa ii ajute sa devina mai profitabili si de succes.
http://evaluatoriasociati.ro/en/activities/projects/ark2gea-project.html
Vibrissal mechanoreceptors - Scholarpedia
Differences in terminology may or may not reflect differences in function. However, the application of in vivo or ex vivo approaches promises to rectify this deficiency by reconciling the similarities of function expressed by morphological vs. physiological terminologies, as well as by understanding the implications of the differences in morphological vs. electrophysiological terms. Using direct stimulation of histologically isolated corpuscles in the cat mesentery in vivo, Pacinian corpuscles have been shown to be rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors (Gray and Matthews, 1951). Merkel endings in the skin of the trunk of neonatal mice have been identified as slowly adapting type I low-threshold mechanoreceptors by means of an intracellular ex vivo approach (Woodbury and Koerber, 2007). In patch clamp experiments, individual Merkel cells and their attached axon terminals displayed slowly adapting features (Maksimovic et al., 2014; Woo et al., 2014; Ikeda et al., 2014). Using intra-axonal recording, ...
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Vibrissal_mechanoreceptors
Extracellular Ca2+ and its effect on acid extrusion in the crayfish stretch receptor neurone | Journal of Experimental BiologyExtracellular Ca2+ and its effect on acid extrusion in the crayfish stretch receptor neurone | Journal of Experimental Biology
1. In the stretch receptor neurones of the crayfish Astacus astacus, the intracellular pH (pHi), the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) and the membrane potential (Em) were measured simultaneously using ion-selective and conventional microelectrodes. Normal Astacus saline (NAS), and salines containing varying amounts of Ca2+ (Ca2+-NAS) but of constant ionic strength, with Na+, Mg2+ or Ba2+ as substituting ions, were used to investigate the effects of extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) on pHi and pHi regulation, on [Na+]i and on Em. The maximum rate of pHi recovery was used as a measure of pHi regulation. Acid loads were imposed using the NH4+/NH3 rebound technique. 2. [Ca2+]o affected pHi, pHi regulation, [Na+]i and Em. The magnitudes of the effects were inversely related to [Ca2+]o and were specific to the ion used for [Ca2+]o substitution. 3. Compared with controls, increasing [Ca2+]o threefold (in exchange for Na+) elicited some alkalization, a 7 % faster maximum rate of pHi ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/199/8/1781
Pacinian corpuscle end-organs | Article about Pacinian corpuscle end-organs by The Free DictionaryPacinian corpuscle end-organs | Article about Pacinian corpuscle end-organs by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Pacinian corpuscle end-organs? Find out information about Pacinian corpuscle end-organs. An encapsulated lamellar sensory nerve ending that functions as a kinesthetic receptor Explanation of Pacinian corpuscle end-organs
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Pacinian+corpuscle+end-organs
Pacinian corpuscle | Article about Pacinian corpuscle by The Free DictionaryPacinian corpuscle | Article about Pacinian corpuscle by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Pacinian corpuscle? Find out information about Pacinian corpuscle. An encapsulated lamellar sensory nerve ending that functions as a kinesthetic receptor Explanation of Pacinian corpuscle
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Pacinian+corpuscle
Thermal fluctuations in membranes and the problem of mechanoreception]. - Semantic ScholarThermal fluctuations in membranes and the problem of mechanoreception]. - Semantic Scholar
In order to estimate thermal fluctuations in erythrocyte and mechanoreceptor membranes the transverse fluctuations of plane and spherical bilayer membranes and the fluctuations of the surface of a part of such a membrane, possessing disc shape of the radius R are calculated. The obtained values of the transverse fluctuations are two orders smaller than in the paper [5]. Total plane fluctuations of the disc with R=5.10(-7) cm are some orders higher than the threshold values epsilonpi of relative deformation in mechanoreceptor membranes, but their value in the frequency range of 0 dividied by 20 kHz is of the same order as epsilonpi. The estimates of fluctuations are also produced for Pacinian corpuscle membrane and for the globular protein molecule. The conditions necessary for high sensitivity of mechanoreceptor membranes are the large value of Young modulus E and low membrane viscosity eta.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Thermal-fluctuations-in-membranes-and-the-problem-Pasechnik/facc919712bf615e83c05eb6735fb26f43e7d077
Sensory Receptors | Boundless Anatomy and Physiology
Receptors are sensitive to discrete stimuli and are often classified by both the systemic function and the location of the receptor.. Sensory receptors are found throughout our bodies, and sensory receptors that share a common location often share a common function. For example, sensory receptors in the retina are almost entirely photoreceptors. Our skin includes touch and temperature receptors, and our inner ears contain sensory mechanoreceptors designed for detecting vibrations caused by sound or used to maintain balance.. Force -sensitive mechanoreceptors provide an example of how the placement of a sensory receptor plays a role in how our brains process sensory inputs. While the cutaneous touch receptors found in the dermis and epidermis of our skin and the muscle spindles that detect stretch in skeletal muscle are both mechanoreceptors, they serve discrete functions.. In both cases, the mechanoreceptors detect physical forces that result from the movement of the local tissue, cutaneous ...
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/sensory-receptors/
Neurotrophin-4 modulates the mechanotransducer Cav3.2 T-type calcium current in mice down-hair neurons | Biochemical JournalNeurotrophin-4 modulates the mechanotransducer Cav3.2 T-type calcium current in mice down-hair neurons | Biochemical Journal
The T-type Ca2+ channel Cav3.2 is expressed in nociceptive and mechanosensitive sensory neurons. The mechanosensitive D-hair (down-hair) neurons, which innervate hair follicles, are characterized by a large-amplitude Cav3.2 T-current involved in the amplification of slow-moving stimuli. The molecules and signalling pathways that regulate T-current expression in mechanoreceptors are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of NT-4 (neurotrophin-4) on Cav3.2 T-current expression in D-hair neurons in vitro. Interruption of the supply of NT-4 with peripheral nerve axotomy induced a non-transcriptional decrease in the T-current amplitude of fluorogold-labelled axotomized sensory neurons. The T-current amplitude was restored by incubation with NT-4. Deletion of NT-4 through genetic ablation resulted in a similar selective loss of the large-amplitude T-current in NT-4−/− sensory neurons, which was rescued by the addition of NT-4. NT-4 had no effect on the T-current in ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/441/1/463
Science of Massage Institute » Science of Palpation Part IScience of Massage Institute » Science of Palpation Part I
Fig. 1. Mechanoreceptors in the skin. Mechanoreceptors which therapists employ during palpation respond to the different degree of deformation as the initial stimulation. All mechanoreceptors which deliver sensory information to the brain are divided in two groups - rapidly adapting and slowly adapting. This concept is very important for therapists since it directly affects palpation skills. The rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors fire immediately, but with continuous stimulation they very quickly cease the production of nervous impulses (i.e., action potentials) to the brain.. In contrast, slowly adapted mechanoreceptors do not respond to initial stimuli quickly but they continue to fire to the brain, in some cases, even after the initial stimuli are withdrawn.. Merkels disks receptors are located in the top layers of the dermis and they detect touch (see Fig.1). They are slowly adapting receptors. Merkels disks allow us to detect continued touch and pressure. However, they are very bad at ...
https://www.scienceofmassage.com/2015/11/science-of-palpation-part-i/
Estimation of musculotendon kinematics under controlled tendon indentation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Estimation of musculotendon kinematics under controlled tendon indentation. AU - Chardon, Matthieu K.. AU - Dhaher, Yasin Y.. AU - Suresh, Nina I.. AU - Jaramillo, Giselle. AU - Zev Rymer, W.. N1 - Funding Information: We extend our gratitude to Colin Feng and to Matt Kindig for their help with experimental design; to Mehdi Mirbagheri-PhD and to Li-Qun Zhang-PhD for giving access to equipment and facilities. This work was supported by an NIH -Center-Grant- R24-HD50821-07 . PY - 2015/10/15. Y1 - 2015/10/15. N2 - The effects of tendon indentation on musculotendon unit mechanics have been left largely unexplored. Tendon indentation is however routinely used in the tendon reflex exam to diagnose the state of reflex pathways. Because muscle mechanoreceptors are sensitive to mechanical changes of the musculotendon unit, this gap in knowledge could potentially impact our understanding of these neurological exams. Accordingly, we have used ultrasound (US) imaging to compare the effects ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/estimation-of-musculotendon-kinematics-under-controlled-tendon-in
How do red-eyed treefrog embryos sense motion in predator attacks? Assessing the role of vestibular mechanoreception | Journal...How do red-eyed treefrog embryos sense motion in predator attacks? Assessing the role of vestibular mechanoreception | Journal...
To examine the correlation between hatching responses to physical disturbance cues and vestibular function on an individual level, we assessed both traits in developmental series of embryos across the onset of mechanosensory-cued hatching (series III). To assess hatching responses of embryos to a simulated attack, we removed individual eggs from their clutch, placed each in a Petri dish with a drop of water and manually jiggled them with a moistened blunt metal probe, alternating 15 s of stimulation and 15 s of rest for 5 min or until the egg hatched (Warkentin et al., 2017) (Movie 3). We tested two embryos per clutch from 11 clutches every 3 h, on August 11-13, 2015. The mean daily temperature across incubation and testing days was 27.6±0.3°C. As with vibration playbacks, we observed embryos for 5 min before, during, and after stimulation (15 min total), and considered any hatching during and after stimulation (10 min) to be a response to the stimulus. All sibships were initially tested for ...
https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/222/21/jeb206052/224465/How-do-red-eyed-treefrog-embryos-sense-motion-in?searchresult=1
A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor | ScienceA skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor | Science
Human skin relies on cutaneous receptors that output digital signals for tactile sensing in which the intensity of stimulation is converted to a series of voltage pulses. We present a power-efficient skin-inspired mechanoreceptor with a flexible organic transistor circuit that transduces pressure into digital frequency signals directly. The output frequency ranges between 0 and 200 hertz, with a sublinear response to increasing force stimuli that mimics slow-adapting skin mechanoreceptors. The output of the sensors was further used to stimulate optogenetically engineered mouse somatosensory neurons of mouse cortex in vitro, achieving stimulated pulses in accordance with pressure levels. This work represents a step toward the design and use of large-area organic electronic skins with neural-integrated touch feedback for replacement limbs. ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6258/313
Mechanoreceptors in Human Cruciate Ligaments. A Histological StudyMechanoreceptors in Human Cruciate Ligaments. A Histological Study
We obtained human cruciate ligaments at the time of total knee replacement and from autopsy and amputation specimens, and examined histological sections of the ligaments for the presence of mechanoreceptors using the Bodian, Bielschowsky, and Ranvier gold-chloride stains for axons and nerve-endings. …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6207177/
The Olfactory System. Olfactory System Chemical sensing system with receptor organs in the nasal passages Receptors synapse...The Olfactory System. Olfactory System Chemical sensing system with receptor organs in the nasal passages Receptors synapse...
11 Richard Axel and Linda Buck used molecular techniques to determine the number of different olfactory receptor types. The concept and strategy: 1. SPECIFICITY WOULD BE BASED ON STRUCTURE OF RECEPTOR-G PROTEIN COMPLEX; THEREFORE, IF YOU DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT RECEPTOR STRUCTURES, YOU KNOW THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL TYPES, AND THEREFORE THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PRIME ODORS 2. STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT RECEPTOR PROTEINS WOULD BE CODED BY DIFFERENT GENES; CLONE, SEQUENCE, CHARACTERIZE GENES EXPRESSED IN THE OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM, LOOK FOR SYSTEMATIC VARIATION ON G-PROTEIN TYPES 3. LOCALIZE THE EXPRESSED GENES BACK TO THE OLFACTORY RECEPTOR CELLS ...
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4381146/
Plus itPlus it
The effects of axotomy and successful regeneration varied among different groups of cutaneous sensory neurons examined. Among myelinated fibers, nociceptors were found to have decreased thermal and mechanical thresholds, whereas SA1 low-threshold mechanoreceptors exhibited normal thresholds but decreased firing rates to mechanical stimuli. The increase in myelinated nociceptor sensitivity coincided with altered expression of NGF in the reinnervated skin and ASIC3 and TRPV2 in the DRGs. In addition, recent data have described mechanical sensitization of myelinated nociceptors in mice that overexpress NT-3 (McIlwrath et al., 2007). Thus, it should be noted that there was a trend toward increased in NT-3 levels in the skin at 21 d (p = 0.06). Regardless, many myelinated nociceptors do label positively for ASIC3 and/or TRPV2 (McIlwrath et al., 2007; Lawson et al., 2008), and at least some of this increase could be attributable to cells responsive to NGF (Wright and Snider, 1995). The time course of ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/6/1636
What is the function of the Pacinian corpuscles? | Reference.comWhat is the function of the Pacinian corpuscles? | Reference.com
The Pacinian corpuscles are sensory preceptors that are found in many areas of the body, with their greatest density occurring in areas that are more sensitive to touch, such as the fingertips. Those...
https://www.reference.com/science/function-pacinian-corpuscles-5e1a31d7800f4b27
RTP COURSE KNEE & HIP LEVEL I - MASSAGE MagazineRTP COURSE KNEE & HIP LEVEL I - MASSAGE Magazine
Program Features. * Treat basic common musculoskeletal conditions.. * Essentials of neurogenic muscle imbalance assessment protocols using the unique specialized Trigenics® myoneural-kinetic functional isolated muscle-specific strength and length assessment and recording system.. * Treatment protocols to locally recalibrate muscle firing patterns for immediate measurable strength, length and movement increases as well as immediate pain reduction.. * Simple interactive patient participation with only concentrative biofeedback breathing. (Target muscle PNF contraction is also used in some cases.). * Unique stimulative muscle mechanoreceptor longitudinal distortion specifically targeting spindles and GTOs.. ...
https://www.massagemag.com/events/event/rtp-course-knee-hip-level-2/
ChannelpediaChannelpedia
Differential expression of ion channels contributes functional diversity to sensory neuron signaling. We find nerve injury induced by the Chung model of neuropathic pain leads to striking reductions in voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channel subunit expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism for hyperexcitability of injured nerves. Moreover, specific classes of DRG neurons express distinct Kv channel subunit combinations. Importantly, Kv1.4 is the sole Kv1 alpha subunit expressed in smaller diameter neurons, suggesting that homomeric Kv1.4 channels predominate in A delta and C fibers arising from these cells. These neurons are presumably nociceptors, because they also express the VR-1 capsaicin receptor, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and/or Na(+) channel SNS/PN3/Nav1.8. In contrast, larger diameter neurons associated with mechanoreception and proprioception express high levels of Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 without Kv1.4 or other Kv1 alpha subunits, suggesting ...
https://channelpedia.epfl.ch/pubmeds/53945
L.A.S.T. - LASTechniqueL.A.S.T. - LASTechnique
My aim is to educate the therapists on a safe, ethical and effective treatment technique by providing education congruent with current evidence informed research and by developing the therapists skill, confidence and proficiency for the treatment of injured ligaments and the surrounding tissues.. LAST is a precise, principle based, mechanoreceptor specific manual therapy technique, supported by evidence-informed research, utilized in the treatment of peripheral joint tissue injuries to improve treatment outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients. LAST influences the fascial system and CNS modulation by targeting the ligamentoperiosteal and tenoperiosteal enthuses; areas known to have high concentrations of mechanoreceptors. Mechanoreceptor specific techniques, targeting peripheral joint tissues, affect autonomic nervous system functions resulting in decreased protective myofascial engagement, increased pain pressure sensitivity, normalize kinesthetic and proprioceptive awareness ...
http://www.lastsite.ca/about-ligamentous-articular-strain-technique-2/
Sensory Receptor Resource | Learn About, Share and Discuss Sensory Receptor At Popflock.comSensory Receptor Resource | Learn About, Share and Discuss Sensory Receptor At Popflock.com
Get Sensory Receptor essential facts. View Videos or join the Sensory Receptor discussion. Add Sensory Receptor to your PopFlock.com topic list or share. Sensory Receptor at popflock.com
http://www.popflock.com/learn?s=Sensory_receptor
Plus it
The results of this study indicate that vagal ileal units are inhibited by SCFAs. Furthermore, the mechanical sensitivity of ileal units was severely impaired after SCFA contact. This desensitization occurred with SCFA concentrations in the range of those occurring during coloileal reflux episodes.. Ileal afferents described in this study are all of the mucosal type because their mechanical sensitivity was reversibly inhibited by topical lignocaine application (20). However, they differed significantly from vagal mucosal afferents described elsewhere in the gut. All units found in our study were slowly adapting to mechanical stimulus, whereas Leek (28) described duodenal mucosal receptors with an on-off response to mechanical distension. In contrast, Cottrell and Iggo (5) showed mucosal afferent fibers in the adult sheep duodenum with persistent responses to mechanical distension. The adaptation time of these duodenal mucosal receptors was within the range of that found for ileal units. More ...
http://ajpgi.physiology.org/content/280/5/G1013
Neuroanatomy of Cranial Nerves - ppt downloadNeuroanatomy of Cranial Nerves - ppt download
Information processing/Interneurons Overview CNS Brain and Spinal Cord Information processing/Interneurons PNS Nerves Sensory/Afferent Motor/Efferent Examples of each Recall that we have anatomically, PNS, CNS is specifically brain and spinal cord. On the sensory side, receptors, these fibers are all called afferent, going towards the central nervous system, can divide sensations into two main categories, special sensories are defined as vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell, those are the special senses. General senses can be coming from outside world, touch, temp, pain, pressure. Same thing could be coming from internal structures, not usually as clearly defined in the brain or localized, c an feel pain and signals you are not aware of, visceral afferent. Also mention that on the somatic side have proprioceptors, which are the muscle spindles in the muscles, golgi tendon organs and so forth, monitoring positions of joints and muscles, body positions, all is general sensory, afferent. On
http://slideplayer.com/slide/266963/
On the Neuro-Muscular Control of Trochlean Joints | Journal of Biomechanical Engineering | ASME DCOn the Neuro-Muscular Control of Trochlean Joints | Journal of Biomechanical Engineering | ASME DC
This paper presents a simplified dynamical model for the control of one-degree-of-freedom synovial joints considered as pure trochlean joints. This model considers the joint dynamics, the dynamics of the corresponding muscles and their calcium balance dynamics, as well as position and force feedbacks provided by the spindles and the Golgi tendon organs. Delays in the transmission of information are also taken into account as they proved to be of critical importance for the dynamical behavior of the considered systems. The linearized version of this model, which is valid for a rather wide range of movements, also allows us to investigate the stability of the system, as well as its stability robustness with respect to the feedback gains. Further, particular behaviors such as tremor are described.. ...
http://biomechanical.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1400490
ExRx.net :: View topic - SMR Foam Rolling TechniquesExRx.net :: View topic - SMR Foam Rolling Techniques
Self Myofascia Release - Myo refers to muscle, fascia to the tissue that surrounds the muscle fibers. By applying pressure on tender areas along the muscle tissue, the golgi tendon organs help trigger the relaxation of the muscle spindles, helping to dissipate the adhesions, increase blood flow, and enhance overall movement ...
http://www.exrx.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=4328&view=print
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Golgi tendon organ в A proprioceptive organ that provides information to the brain about changes in muscle tension. Catch-up vaccination is also recommended for all children and adolescents up to the age of 19 who were not w hat immunized. Journal of neurochemistry 71, 1325-1328. Matsuura M.
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Mechanoreceptor physiology | Department of Physiology and Pharmacology | Karolinska InstitutetMechanoreceptor physiology | Department of Physiology and Pharmacology | Karolinska Institutet
The aim of our research is to determine how mechanical stimulus is converted to electrical activity or metabolic changes in different cell types, and how different ion channels participate in this process.
https://ki.se/en/fyfa/mechanoreceptor-physiology
Vite Ramen: The Nutritionally Complete Instant Ramen. by Tom Zheng - KickstarterVite Ramen: The Nutritionally Complete Instant Ramen. by Tom Zheng - Kickstarter
Tom Zheng is raising funds for Vite Ramen: The Nutritionally Complete Instant Ramen. on Kickstarter! Instant ramen, but good for you! 27g protein, 25% DV all vitamins and minerals, no deep frying, preservatives, or heaps of salt.
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1923918237/vite-ramen-the-nutritionally-complete-instant-rame/description
What Part of the Eye Contains the Sensory Receptors for Sight? | Reference.comWhat Part of the Eye Contains the Sensory Receptors for Sight? | Reference.com
The part of the eye that contains the sensory receptors for sight is the retina. The sensory receptors are located in the outermost layer of the retina, which means that light must travel through...
https://www.reference.com/science/part-eye-contains-sensory-receptors-sight-79954a1d9a2de6cd
Kokoro Ramen - New Kid On The Block - EATING with KirbyKokoro Ramen - New Kid On The Block - EATING with Kirby
In addition to the broth, I actually liked the unconventional veggie toppings like broccoli, peas, and pumpkin just because it made the meal a *little* bit healthier. All in all, I finished my bowl, soup and all, and was surprised at myself for liking this place.. I would recommend Kokoro Ramen for ramen enthusiasts that are willing to shell out a little bit more for a higher quality bowl of ramen. Its worth it if you factor in everything from decor, to quality, to taste. But if youre just looking for something to satisfy your belly, a regular $8 bowl of pho will suffice.. Service Rating: 4/5. Food Rating: 4.5/5. Price: $$. Overall Rating: 4/5. Happy Eating!. ...
https://www.eatingwithkirby.com/2017/01/kokoro-ramen-new-kid-on-the-block.html
JAWKU MUSCLE BLASTER V2 - LINE ONE NUTRITION ®JAWKU MUSCLE BLASTER V2 - LINE ONE NUTRITION ®
Fascia is the most important tissue for posture and movement and the nervous system is the most important target for influencing posture and movement. Percussion therapy influences mechanoreceptors eliciting targeted neuromuscular responses.. The role of tissue is to generate, absorb, direct or disperse and release energy. To accomplish this, it needs to be elastic, compliant and mobile and at the same time springy, stiff and stable.. Percussion therapy can improve tissue reactivity and stability or strength to aid in creating longer lasting soft tissue change and movement efficiency.. ...
https://lineonenutrition.com/jawku-muscle-blaster-v2/
Muscles and Their Exercises by Mark Meissner (eBook) - LuluMuscles and Their Exercises by Mark Meissner (eBook) - Lulu
Buy Muscles and Their Exercises by Mark Meissner (eBook) online at Lulu. Visit the Lulu Marketplace for product details, ratings, and reviews.
http://www.lulu.com/shop/mark-meissner/muscles-and-their-exercises/ebook/product-22250979.html
CHASHUMEN RAMEN: A Recipe And A StoryCHASHUMEN RAMEN: A Recipe And A Story
Chashumen Ramen is a special way for people to enjoy ramen with ingredients that make the noodle dish come alive. Each step in the process creates a sensation of flavor and aroma that cannot be matched.
https://onthegas.org/food/chashumen
Everything you need to know about tare, the secret sauce to superior ramenEverything you need to know about tare, the secret sauce to superior ramen
Lets talk about tare. Its one of the five essential elements of ramen, and Id argue its more important than soup. And unless youre a die-hard ramen geek, youve likely not heard of it.
https://thetakeout.com/1830340905
Building The Perfect Bowl Of RamenBuilding The Perfect Bowl Of Ramen
Tis the season for a hearty bowl of ramen to warm you up during these colder winter months. But what exactly goes into that umami-filled dish that makes it so satisfying? The team at Ramen-San breaks down all the components for building the perfect (and soul-soothing!) bowl of ramen. After youve
https://www.leye.com/in-the-know/in-the-restaurants/ramen-break-down/
Sensory Receptors of the Skin | SpringerLinkSensory Receptors of the Skin | SpringerLink
Successive periods of investigation have produced anatomic, physiological, and psychological phases in our understanding of skin sensation. Each phase has been the result of technological...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-4994-5_2
Tuesday, January, 2013, 11:48 pmTuesday, January, 2013, 11:48 pm
Grieving is our natural response when someone dies. In cultural communities where crying is discouraged and endings are not always properly honored, we have had to rediscover for ourselves how to fully and honestly grieve. The inspiring response of ...
https://www.interchangecounseling.com/blog/2013/01/29/
Mechanoreceptors (in plants)Mechanoreceptors (in plants)
Once the plant perceives a mechanical stimulus via mechanoreceptor cells or mechanoreceptor proteins within the plasma membrane ... Not only can mechanoreceptors be present within the plasma membrane of cells, but they can also exist as whole cells whose ... A mechanoreceptor is a sensory organ or cell that responds to mechanical stimulation such as touch, pressure, vibration, and ... Mechanoreceptors are well-documented in animals and are integrated into the nervous system as sensory neurons. While plants do ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptors_(in_plants)
MechanoreceptorMechanoreceptor
Cutaneous mechanoreceptors can also be separated into categories based on their rates of adaptation. When a mechanoreceptor ... Look up mechanoreceptor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Mechanoreceptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Mechanoreceptors aid the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) in capturing large prey. Mechanoreceptor proteins are ion ... There are four types of mechanoreceptors embedded in ligaments. As all these types of mechanoreceptors are myelinated, they can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor
Stochastic resonance (sensory neurobiology)Stochastic resonance (sensory neurobiology)
Evidence for stochastic resonance in a sensory system was first found in nerve signals from the mechanoreceptors located on the ... Slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) mechanoreceptors output signals in response to mechanical vibrations below 500 Hz. The skin was ... Collins JJ, Imhoff TT, Grigg P (July 1996). "Noise-enhanced information transmission in rat SA1 cutaneous mechanoreceptors via ... Extracellular recordings were made of the mechanoreceptor response from the extracted nerve. The encoding of the pressure ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_resonance_(sensory_neurobiology)
MechanotransductionMechanotransduction
... there need to be mechanoreceptors on the surface of chondrocytes. Candidates for chondrocyte mechanoreceptors include stretch- ... However, there exist a few hypotheses which begin with the identification of mechanoreceptors.[citation needed] In order for ... The stimulation of a mechanoreceptor causes mechanically sensitive ion channels to open and produce a transduction current that ... More recent studies have hypothesized that chondrocyte primary cilium act as a mechanoreceptor for the cell, transducing forces ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanotransduction
HomeostasisHomeostasis
Receptors include thermoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors. Control centers include the respiratory center, and the renin- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis
AnkleAnkle
"Mechanoreceptors in human ankle ligaments". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 77 (2): 219-24. doi:10.1302/ ... 1418-9 Mechanoreceptors of the ankle send proprioceptive sensory input to the central nervous system (CNS). Muscle spindles are ... thought to be the main type of mechanoreceptor responsible for proprioceptive attributes from the ankle. The muscle spindle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankle
Bristle sensillaBristle sensilla
... (sometimes also called tactile hairs) are a class of mechanoreceptors found in insects and other arthropods ... Keil, T. A. (1997-12-15). "Functional morphology of insect mechanoreceptors". Microscopy Research and Technique. 39 (6): 506- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristle_sensilla
HalteresHalteres
Those axes are yaw, pitch and roll, as illustrated in the above figure (Directions of rotation). The mechanoreceptors at the ... Keil, TA (15 December 1997). "Functional morphology of insect mechanoreceptors". Microscopy Research and Technique. 39 (6): 506 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halteres
Artificial lateral lineArtificial lateral line
These mechanoreceptors are classified into two. The first of which is Slow Adapting receptors (SA) that sense steady flow. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lateral_line
Communication in aquatic animalsCommunication in aquatic animals
Fish have mechanoreceptors lined in their nasal cavity. It is suggested that the multi-ciliated cells around the rim of their ... The mechanoreceptors in the somatosensory system can be found the skin surface of most aquatic animals, as well as on the ... Aquatic animals use mechanoreceptors to detect acoustic signals. Aside from aquatic mammals which have external ears, other ... Breithaupt, T.; Tautz, J. (1990). "The Sensitivity of Crayfish Mechanoreceptors to Hydrodynamic and Acoustic stimuli". In Wiese ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_in_aquatic_animals
Deep fasciaDeep fascia
Like mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors in deep fascia also have the ability to promote fascial relaxation. We tend to think of ... Deep fascia can also relax slowly as some mechanoreceptors respond to changes over longer timescales. Unlike the Golgi tendon ... By monitoring changes in muscular tension, joint position, rate of movement, pressure, and vibration, mechanoreceptors in the ... mechanoreceptors); change in the chemical milieu (chemoreceptors); and fluctuation in temperature (thermoreceptors). Deep ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fascia
Hair plexusHair plexus
A hair plexus or root hair plexus is a special group of nerve fiber endings and serves as a very sensitive mechanoreceptor for ... They are mechanoreceptors conveying touch sensation. Specifically, crude touch and pressure sensation conveyed through the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_plexus
Periodontal fiberPeriodontal fiber
Periodontal mechanoreceptors are present in PDL. They will transmit information about the stimulated tooth, direction and ... Trulsson M (April 2006). "Sensory-motor function of human periodontal mechanoreceptors". Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 33 (4 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_fiber
HandHand
... an important input the cutaneous mechanoreceptors. The web of the hand is a "fold of skin which connects the digits". These ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand
AllodyniaAllodynia
... mechanoreceptors and interneurons, leading to the transmission of pain information by mechanoreceptors A different study ... Mechanoreceptors follow the same general pathway. However, they do not cross over at the level of the spinal cord, but at the ... mechanoreceptors can influence the output of nociceptors by making connections with the same interneurons, the activation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allodynia
Mechanosensitive channelsMechanosensitive channels
Stretch-activated ion channels are located on these mechanoreceptor cells and serve to lower the action potential threshold, ... Afferent nerve endings without mechanoreceptor cells are called free nerve endings. They are less sensitive than the ... This results from the specialized mechanoreceptor cells that are superimposed upon the afferent nerve fibers. ... not to be confused with mechanoreceptors). They are present in the membranes of organisms from the three domains of life: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanosensitive_channels
LactationLactation
Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor units)". Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova. 62 (6): 885-892. PMID 1010088. Ramsey, DT; Kent, JC ... Grachev, I.; Alekseev, N.; Velling, V. (1976). "Properties of the mechanoreceptors of the nipple of the guinea pig mammary ... Suckling by the baby innervates slowly-adapting and rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptors that are densely packed around the ... Grachev, I.; Alekseev, N.; Velling, V. (1977). "Slowly-adapting mechanoreceptor units of the guinea pig mammary nipple". Fiziol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactation
BaroreflexBaroreflex
The baroreceptors are stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptors. At low pressures, baroreceptors become inactive. When blood pressure ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreflex
Tactile corpuscleTactile corpuscle
... s or Meissner's corpuscles are a type of mechanoreceptor discovered by anatomist Georg Meissner (1829-1905) ... the only other type of phasic tactile mechanoreceptor), which are located deeper in the dermis, and some free nerve endings. ... A Multiafferented Mechanoreceptor with Nociceptor Immunochemical Properties". The Journal of Neuroscience. 21 (18): 7236-46. ... Tactile corpuscles are rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors. They are sensitive to shape and textural changes in exploratory and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_corpuscle
Sensory neuronSensory neuron
Mechanoreceptors also help lower thresholds for action potential generation in afferent fibers and thus make them more likely ... Problems with mechanoreceptors lead to disorders such as: Neuropathic pain - a severe pain condition resulting from a damaged ... Muscle spindles contain mechanoreceptors that detect stretch in muscles. Somatic sensory receptors near the surface of the skin ... Mechanoreceptors are sensory receptors which respond to mechanical forces, such as pressure or distortion. Specialized sensory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_neuron
C tactile afferentC tactile afferent
In animals, these neurons are referred to as C low-threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs). CT neurons belong to a group C nerve ... For this reason they are classified as 'low-threshold mechanoreceptors'. As group C nerve fibers, they are unmyelinated and ... "The Low-Threshold Calcium Channel Cav3.2 Determines Low-Threshold Mechanoreceptor Function" (PDF). Cell Reports. 10 (3): 370- ... "Mechanical allodynia in human glabrous skin mediated by low-threshold cutaneous mechanoreceptors with unmyelinated fibres". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_tactile_afferent
Calcium-dependent chloride channelCalcium-dependent chloride channel
One of the latter two is expressed in mechanoreceptors. Tmc1 is a sodium-sensitive cation channel required for salt (Na+) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium-dependent_chloride_channel
RetinalRetinal
"Chromophore-Independent Roles of Opsin Apoproteins in Drosophila Mechanoreceptors". Current Biology. 29 (17): 2961-2969.e4. doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal
Topographic map (neuroanatomy)Topographic map (neuroanatomy)
The tongue contains taste receptors, as well as mechanoreceptors. Afferents from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map_(neuroanatomy)
Drosophila melanogasterDrosophila melanogaster
September 2019). "Chromophore-Independent Roles of Opsin Apoproteins in Drosophila Mechanoreceptors". Current Biology. 29 (17 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster
Sensory organs of gastropodsSensory organs of gastropods
The mechanoreceptors are very crucial to the snail's sensory. Hancock's organ Sensory ecology Sensory systems in fish This ... The sensory organs of gastropods (snails and slugs) include olfactory organs, eyes, statocysts and mechanoreceptors. Gastropods ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_organs_of_gastropods
RhodopsinRhodopsin
September 2019). "Chromophore-Independent Roles of Opsin Apoproteins in Drosophila Mechanoreceptors". Current Biology. 29 (17 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodopsin
Seismic communicationSeismic communication
The sensory organs are generically known as somatosensory mechanoreceptors. In insects these sensors are known as campaniform ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_communication
OpsinOpsin
September 2019). "Chromophore-Independent Roles of Opsin Apoproteins in Drosophila Mechanoreceptors". Current Biology. 29 (17 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsin
ProlactinProlactin
The sucking activates mechanoreceptors in and around the nipple. These signals are carried by nerve fibers through the spinal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactin
Pulmonary mechanoreceptors in the dipnoi lungfish Protopterus and Lepidosiren - McMaster Experts
Pulmonary mechanoreceptors in the dipnoi lungfish Protopterus and Lepidosiren Academic Article ...
https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication268006
Cis and trans RET signaling control the survival and central projection growth of rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors :: MPG...Cis and trans RET signaling control the survival and central projection growth of rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors :: MPG...
Rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) express Ret and the co-receptor Gfra2 and depend on Ret ... 2015). Cis and trans RET signaling control the survival and central projection growth of rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors. ... Finally, we demonstrate that GFRa1 produced by neighboring DRG neurons activates RET in RA mechanoreceptors. Taken together, ... Cis and trans RET signaling control the survival and central projection growth of rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors ...
https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=item_2151998_5
Decoding of naturalistic textures from spike patterns of neuromorphic artificial mechanoreceptors | BMC Neuroscience | Full TextDecoding of naturalistic textures from spike patterns of neuromorphic artificial mechanoreceptors | BMC Neuroscience | Full Text
Parameters were tuned so to achieve a match with Slowly Adapting (SA) mechanoreceptors dynamics in primates [4]. The output of ... Since the long term goal is to implement a hardware version of the neuromorphic neurons, we modeled the mechanoreceptors as ... Decoding of naturalistic textures from spike patterns of neuromorphic artificial mechanoreceptors. *Alberto Mazzoni. 1, ... mechanoreceptors responsible for edge detection [7], we injected in a second set of neuron models the smoothed derivative of ...
https://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2202-16-S1-P186
From periodontal mechanoreceptors to chewing motor control: A systematic reviewFrom periodontal mechanoreceptors to chewing motor control: A systematic review
... Piancino M. G.. Primo. ;Isola G.;Cannavale R.; ... Conclusion Our knowledge of the periodontal mechanoreceptors, let us conclude that they are very refined neural receptors, ... Conclusion Our knowledge of the periodontal mechanoreceptors, let us conclude that they are very refined neural receptors, ... Morphological, histological, molecular and electrophysiological studies investigating the periodontal mechanoreceptors in ...
https://iris.unime.it/handle/11570/3174464
Mammalian mechanoreception - Scholarpedia
Functions of Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors In addition to their end-organ structures, somatosensory neurons can be functionally ... Response properties of mechanoreceptors and nociceptors in mouse glabrous skin: an in vivo study. J Neurophysiol, 85, 1561-74. ... The structure and function of the slowly adapting type II mechanoreceptor in hairy skin. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci, 57, 417- ... The mechanoreceptors of the mammalian skin ultrastructure and morphological classification. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol, 50, 3- ...
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Mammalian_mechanoreception
Pulmonary stretch receptor relay neurones of the cat: location and contralateral medullary projectionsPulmonary stretch receptor relay neurones of the cat: location and contralateral medullary projections
Mechanoreceptors / physiology* * Medulla Oblongata / physiology* * Neural Conduction * Neural Pathways * Neurons / physiology* ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3656136/?dopt=Abstract
Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention, Standard TreatmentsKeloid and Hypertrophic Scar Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention, Standard Treatments
Cellular mechanoreceptors may have an important role of compression therapy. Mechanoreceptors induce apoptosis and are involved ... An increase in extracellular matrix rigidity produced by compression garments leads to a higher level of mechanoreceptor ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/1057599-91517/how-safe-and-effective-is-tgf-beta-for-treatment-of-keloids-and-hypertrophic-scars
The time from injury to surgery is an important factor affecting the mechanoreceptors at stump of torn anterior cruciate...The time from injury to surgery is an important factor affecting the mechanoreceptors at stump of torn anterior cruciate...
The type and number of mechanoreceptors in standardized areas was determined. The correlation of number of mechanoreceptors and ... Çabuk H, Kuşku Çabuk F, Turan K. The time from injury to surgery is an important factor affecting the mechanoreceptors at stump ... Our aim in this study is to investigate the quantity of mechanoreceptors in the remnants ACL stumps in injured knees and to ... The surgeon and patient should be aware of the fact that delay in surgery could lead to the loss of mechanoreceptors. ...
https://acikerisim.istinye.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12713/2435
Investigation of associations between Piezo1 mechanoreceptor gain-of-function variants and glaucoma-related phenotypes in...Investigation of associations between Piezo1 mechanoreceptor gain-of-function variants and glaucoma-related phenotypes in...
Prior studies of the PIEZO1 mechanoreceptor have suggested a possible role in glaucoma pathophysiology. Here, we investigated ... Investigation of associations between Piezo1 mechanoreceptor gain-of-function variants and glaucoma-related phenotypes in ...
http://dgivan.dental.uab.edu/display/pub2398776
Discoveries in structure and physiology of mechanically activated ion channels | NatureDiscoveries in structure and physiology of mechanically activated ion channels | Nature
Nature 349, 588-593 (1991). In this study, mec-4, the founding member of the DEG gene family of mechanoreceptors in C. elegans ... Ultrastructural organization of NompC in the mechanoreceptive organelle of Drosophila campaniform mechanoreceptors. Proc. Natl ... the nompC gene via a genetic screen with a readout of transduction currents upon mechanical stimulus of mechanoreceptor ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2933-1?error=cookies_not_supported&code=feae0417-a464-461e-b663-0332996b78a4
Frontiers | Peripheral Sensory Neurons Expressing Melanopsin Respond to LightFrontiers | Peripheral Sensory Neurons Expressing Melanopsin Respond to Light
... in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and are likely nociceptive C fibers and high-threshold mechanoreceptor Aδ ... in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and are likely nociceptive C fibers and high-threshold mechanoreceptor Aδ ... and mechanoreceptors in frogs, and melanocytes in humans all express active opsins ranging from rhodopsin to pinopsin to ... Light sensitivity in a vertebrate mechanoreceptor? J. Exp. Biol. 218, 2826-2829. doi: 10.1242/jeb.125203 ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2016.00060/full
Pressoreceptors | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystPressoreceptors | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Mechanoreceptors [A08.663.650.915.750]. *Pressoreceptors [A08.663.650.915.750.750]. *Peripheral Nervous System [A08.800] ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Pressoreceptors
Zoocentrism in the weeds? Cultivating plant models for cognitive yield | SpringerLinkZoocentrism in the weeds? Cultivating plant models for cognitive yield | SpringerLink
For the sense of touch, these cells today are designated mechanoreceptors" (Freeland 1992). ... "equipped with various mechanoreceptors exceeding the sensitivity of a human finger" (Stahlberg 2006). One can ponder what might ... in light of the fact that he believed mechanoreceptors were present in animals but absent in plants. As Freeland (1992) notes, ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10539-020-09766-y?idp_error=cookies_not_supported&error=cookies_not_supported&code=bf72f446-5a9f-4463-96cb-155cd043f840
Plus itPlus it
1982) Prostaglandin E1-induced sensitization of Aδ moderate pressure mechanoreceptors. Brain Res 232:89-96. ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/17/3/975
Lumbosacral Facet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, EpidemiologyLumbosacral Facet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology
Mechanoreceptor endings in human thoracic and lumbar facet joints. Spine. 1998 Jan 15. 23(2):168-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... in the fibrous capsule and represent a plexus of unmyelinated nerve fibers and type I and II corpuscular mechanoreceptors. In ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/94871-overview
BJNANO - AuthorsBJNANO - Authors
Figure 9: Resilin in mechanoreceptors. (A-F) Confocal laser scanning micrographs showing overlays of differen... ...
https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/authors?a=Michels,%20Jan
ProprioceptionProprioception
Mechanoreceptors Specialized for Proprioception. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10812/ ...
https://www.brainfacts.org/thinking-sensing-and-behaving/movement/2020/proprioception-102620
Muscle mechanoreflex and metaboreflex responses after myocardial infarction in rats<...
In heart failure (HF), the muscle metaboreceptor contribution to sympathetic outflow is attenuated and the mechanoreceptor ... In heart failure (HF), the muscle metaboreceptor contribution to sympathetic outflow is attenuated and the mechanoreceptor ... In heart failure (HF), the muscle metaboreceptor contribution to sympathetic outflow is attenuated and the mechanoreceptor ... In heart failure (HF), the muscle metaboreceptor contribution to sympathetic outflow is attenuated and the mechanoreceptor ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/muscle-mechanoreflex-and-metaboreflex-responses-after-myocardial-
Madagascan hissing cockroach - Encyclopedia of LifeMadagascan hissing cockroach - Encyclopedia of Life
Reception is performed by aggregations of scolopidia, the unit mechanoreceptor in invertebrates. ...
https://eol.org/pages/1074947
Foam Rolling for Grip Athletes, Strongmen and Arm Wrestlers - Diesel Crew - Muscle Building, Athletic Development, Strength...Foam Rolling for Grip Athletes, Strongmen and Arm Wrestlers - Diesel Crew - Muscle Building, Athletic Development, Strength...
Deep inside every muscle and tendon is the Golgi Tendon Organ, (GTO). These are tiny receptors called mechanoreceptors. These ...
https://www.dieselcrew.com/foam-rolling-self-myofascial-release-tools/
Johann WOJTA | Laboratory Head | PhD | Medical University of Vienna, Vienna | MedUni Vienna | Department of Medicine IIJohann WOJTA | Laboratory Head | PhD | Medical University of Vienna, Vienna | MedUni Vienna | Department of Medicine II
Erratum to: The year in basic vascular biology research: from mechanoreceptors and neutrophil extracellular traps to smartphone ... THE YEAR IN BASIC VASCULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH: FROM MECHANORECEPTORS AND NETS TO SMARTPHONE DATA AND OMICS ...
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Johann-Wojta
Thieme E-Journals - The Journal of Knee Surgery / AbstractThieme E-Journals - The Journal of Knee Surgery / Abstract
Mechanoreceptors found in a posterior cruciate ligament from a well-functioning total knee arthroplasty retrieval. J ...
https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0034-1378194
View source - 2010.igem.orgView source - 2010.igem.org
This targets the mechanoreceptor neurons. We were able to use it in a construct successfully with eCFP and our 3 UTR brick: ...
https://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Queens-Canada/parts&action=edit&oldid=196524
NeuronDB: Senselab - NeuronDB Reference.NeuronDB: Senselab - NeuronDB Reference.
Mechanoreceptors. Stretch activated channels. In the hair-cell microvilli (Eatock RA et al, 1987 [frog]1 ). (Martin P and ... Mechanoreceptors. Stretch activated channels. In the hair-cell microvilli (Eatock RA et al, 1987 [frog]1 ). (Martin P and ... Mechanoreceptors. Stretch activated channels. In the hair-cell microvilli (Eatock RA et al, 1987 [frog]1 ). (Martin P and ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/NeuronDB/references/refData.cshtml?r=231730
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Elevated VPTs are an indicator of small fiber nerve or mechanoreceptor injury, but the high frequencies associated with dental ... VPTs were particularly elevated at the FAII mechanoreceptor among experienced dental hygienists. Compared to participants ... Specialized testing included measurement of VPTs for three different categories of mechanoreceptors, sensory nerve conduction ... especially in the FAII mechanoreceptor population -110.82 db (+8.57) versus 104.84 db (+6.80) in the rest of the cohort. This ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=dental+or+%27dentist%2A%27&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=dental+or+%27dentist%2A%27&B1=Search&terms=3&Adv=1&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC+&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=7&RecNo=69&View=f&
Find Research Projects - [email protected]
Morphological Organization of Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors. Smith, R.. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/ ...
https://experts.syr.edu/en/projects/?page=4&ordering=type&descending=false&showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&originalSearch=&improvedLayoutOrganisationUuid=
Kinesiology Tape Therapy | Western Veterinary ClinicKinesiology Tape Therapy | Western Veterinary Clinic
This tape stimulates mechanoreceptors which helps inhibit nociceptors; In other words, it acts like a natural pain reliever. ...
https://westernvet.com/services/kinesiology-tape-therapy
Abstracts | 0007 | BES2004 | 23rd Joint Meeting of the British Endocrine Societies with the European Federation of Endocrine...
Mechano-receptors and cell-to-cell communication in the human collecting duct: functional involvement of TRPV4 and connexin-43 ...
https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0007/abstracts/
NeuronsReceptorsSensoryRapidly adapting mechanoCutaneous MechanoreceptorsPeriodontal mechanoreceptorsTactile2001FingertipMechanicalSensillaProprioceptionDorsalSubtypesPacinianCellsVibrationsAdaptationDistinctSympatheticStudiesMuscleInjurySensitiveTypeSkinResponsibleLossRespondCentral
Neurons9
  • Finally, we demonstrate that GFRa1 produced by neighboring DRG neurons activates RET in RA mechanoreceptors. (mpg.de)
  • Since the long term goal is to implement a hardware version of the neuromorphic neurons, we modeled the mechanoreceptors as Izhikevich neurons, a model which at the same time is computationally lean and takes into account the effects of firing rate adaptation that are particularly relevant in mechanoreceptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The stimulus thresholds of somatosensory neurons in the skin help to define their function: neurons underlying discriminative and affective touch have low-threshold responses to mechanical stimuli, and are thus called low threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs). (scholarpedia.org)
  • In mice, they represent 3% of small TG neurons that are preferentially localized in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and are likely nociceptive C fibers and high-threshold mechanoreceptor Aδ fibers based on a strong size-function association. (frontiersin.org)
  • pMec-7''': This targets the mechanoreceptor neurons. (igem.org)
  • Innocuous touch of the skin is detected by distinct populations of neurons, the low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs), which are classified as Aβ-, Aδ-, and C-LTMRs. (elsevier.com)
  • This new work builds on these prior techniques to precisely generate individual subtypes of sensory neurons in high purity-including a previously unrecognized class of "cold-mechanoreceptor" neuron-which the researchers suggest could be used for drug screening and studying human disorders of touch and pain. (nih.gov)
  • In their study, the researchers found that, by manipulating the expression of two genes called NGN2 and BRN3A, the developmental trajectory of human stem cells can be "programmed" between two specific subtypes of sensory neurons: (1) a cold-mechanoreceptor neuron that senses both cold and mechanical stimuli and (2) a touch receptor neuron specialized only to sense mechanical stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • Although such cold-mechanoreceptor neurons are not known to exist in mice, the researchers report that they surprisingly exist in humans based on an examination of peripheral nervous system tissue from adult human donors. (nih.gov)
Receptors8
  • Conclusion Our knowledge of the periodontal mechanoreceptors, let us conclude that they are very refined neural receptors, deeply involved in the activation and coordination of the masticatory muscles during function. (unime.it)
  • Previous studies suggest that (1) capsaicin stimulates muscle metabosensitive vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), inducing a neurally mediated pressor response, and (2) activation of ATP-sensitive P2X receptors enhances the pressor response seen when muscle mechanoreceptors are engaged by muscle stretch. (elsevier.com)
  • These are tiny receptors called mechanoreceptors. (dieselcrew.com)
  • In addition to touch, these receptors that are sensitive to mechanical forces (known as mechanoreceptors) enable the regulation of other key biological processes such as blood vessel constriction, pain perception, breathing or even the detection of sound waves in the ear, etc. (worldhealth.net)
  • The other nociceptors are mechanoreceptors and cold receptors. (aao.org)
  • Here's another cool fascia fact: fascia contains pain receptors and mechanoreceptors, which are sensory receptors that detect stretching or changes in pressure. (visiblebody.com)
  • Mechanoreceptor cells include the INNER EAR hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance, and the various somatosensory receptors, often with non-neural accessory structures. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three major categories of somatosensory receptors can be identified: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors and *Institute of Neurotoxicology, Departments of Neuroscience, Neurology and Pathology (Neuropathology), Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461. (cdc.gov)
Sensory5
  • Specialized testing included measurement of VPTs for three different categories of mechanoreceptors, sensory nerve conduction tests with fractionated digit and palmar segments, and measurement of calibrated pinch force with force sensitive resistors (FSRs) during a simulated procedure. (cdc.gov)
  • The high levels of paresthesias observed among dental hygienists appear to be attributable to several pathophysiological mechanisms, including, sensory nerve demyelination at the carpal tunnel and intrinsic to the digits, and dysfunction of fingertip mechanoreceptors. (cdc.gov)
  • Sensory hair cells of the vertebrate inner ear are mechanoreceptors that detect sound vibrations and head movements. (biorxiv.org)
  • The dorsal columns carry sensory information from mechanoreceptors (cells that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion). (onteenstoday.com)
  • You can sense compression without using your fingertips because you have sensory mechanoreceptors in the joints of your wrist, elbow and shoulder that transmit information to the brain concerning pressure. (humankinetics.com)
Rapidly adapting mechano1
  • The skin contains a network of tiny, egg-shaped rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors called Pacinian corpuscles with a large receptive field that can sense pressure and vibration and which are in contact with the brain through the vagus nerve. (mindfulwellness.us)
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors2
Periodontal mechanoreceptors3
  • Purpose This critical review summarizes the current knowledge of the structural and functional characteristics of periodontal mechanoreceptors, and understands their role in the signal pathways and functional motor control. (unime.it)
  • Morphological, histological, molecular and electrophysiological studies investigating the periodontal mechanoreceptors in animals and in humans were included, evaluated and described. (unime.it)
  • Whereas in the natural tooth, the periodontal mechanoreceptors promote tactile sensitivity (proprioception) through the periodontal ligaments, in dental implants, there is the osseoperception1 effect due to the osseointegration process, providing a considerably lower tactile sensitivity. (bvsalud.org)
Tactile1
  • Towards this direction we integrated MEMS tactile sensors with a realistic spatial arrangement on the distal phalanx of artificial fingers [ 3 ] and we converted the sensor readouts into spike trains mimicking the neural firing properties of glabrous skin mechanoreceptors [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
20011
  • 2001. Mechanoreceptors Specialized for Proprioception. (brainfacts.org)
Fingertip1
  • These results support a possible future evaluation of the biomimetic fingertip endowed with neuromorphic artificial mechanoreceptors in clinical trials with human subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanical1
  • Mechanoreceptors are sensitive to nondamaging mechanical disturbances of skin or hair. (cdc.gov)
Sensilla2
  • 2. The sensilla trichodea are phasically responsive mechanoreceptors. (biologists.com)
  • Mechanoreceptors and basiconic sensilla are observed on the surface of maxillary palps in all three species. (bvsalud.org)
Proprioception1
  • Mechanoreceptors in every joint, every muscle, every tendon of your body are constantly telling your brain about where your body, and each part of it, is in space, something we call 'proprioception. (hvchiropracticandwellness.com)
Dorsal1
  • Rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) express Ret and the co-receptor Gfra2 and depend on Ret for survival and central projection growth. (mpg.de)
Subtypes1
  • Mechanoreceptors (two subtypes) and one single pedicellar button (in L. pygmaea) are located on antennal pedicel. (bvsalud.org)
Pacinian1
  • Mechanoreceptors sensitive to rapid transients are exemplified by the Pacinian corpus- cles. (cdc.gov)
Cells2
  • This made it possible to direct the robot to some of our cells and specifically apply forces to targeted mechanoreceptors localized on the surface of the cells in order to activate them. (worldhealth.net)
  • These cells are more oval like in the inner layers of the annulus and contain cytoplasmic extensions which are thought to function as mechanoreceptors. (wheelessonline.com)
Vibrations1
  • Replicating the performance of the mechanoreceptors responsible for sensing vibrations has proved challenging, particularly when incorporating technology into softer, flexible materials. (chemistryworld.com)
Adaptation1
  • Such adaptation is only possible because specific forces are detected by mechanoreceptors that transmit the information to the cell cytoskeleton. (worldhealth.net)
Distinct1
  • There was a distinct subset of dental hygienists (27%) with a combination of low calibrated pinch force in simulations, subjective loss of strength and elevated VPTs, especially in the FAII mechanoreceptor population -110.82 db (+8.57) versus 104.84 db (+6.80) in the rest of the cohort. (cdc.gov)
Sympathetic1
  • In heart failure (HF), the muscle metaboreceptor contribution to sympathetic outflow is attenuated and the mechanoreceptor contribution is accentuated. (elsevier.com)
Studies1
  • Prior studies of the PIEZO1 mechanoreceptor have suggested a possible role in glaucoma pathophysiology. (uab.edu)
Muscle1
  • A simple changing of the load on your muscles will cause a change in the feedback an embedded mechanoreceptor will give the brain about where that muscle is in space. (hvchiropracticandwellness.com)
Injury2
  • Elevated VPTs are an indicator of small fiber nerve or mechanoreceptor injury, but the high frequencies associated with dental instruments are presumed by the ISO to exceed physiological response upper thresholds. (cdc.gov)
  • This will determine whether vibration causes injury at the cutaneous mechanoreceptor level which may help in targeting preventative or treatment therapies for HAVS. (cdc.gov)
Sensitive1
  • Researchers are looking to target haptics for AR/VR at the second most sensitive and dense of mechanoreceptors, the mouth. (hothardware.com)
Type2
  • The type and number of mechanoreceptors in standardized areas was determined. (istinye.edu.tr)
  • One type of mechanoreceptors is found on antennal scape. (bvsalud.org)
Skin1
Responsible1
  • To reproduce the features of Fast Adapting (FA) mechanoreceptors responsible for edge detection [ 7 ], we injected in a second set of neuron models the smoothed derivative of the pressure sensors outputs. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss1
  • The surgeon and patient should be aware of the fact that delay in surgery could lead to the loss of mechanoreceptors. (istinye.edu.tr)
Respond1
  • What he did find is a diverse collection of "mechanoreceptors:" nerves that respond to pressure and vibration. (vanderbilt.edu)
Central1
  • Here, we show that Ret and Gfra2 null mice display comparable early central projection deficits, but Gfra2 null RA mechanoreceptors recover later. (mpg.de)
Mammalian mechanoreception - Scholarpedia
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