Maximum Allowable Concentration
Comparative personal exposures to organic dusts and endotoxin. (1/352)
The aims of the study were to provide valid comparative data for personal exposures to dust and endotoxins for different occupations and to calculate comparative data for the contamination of organic dusts with endotoxin. Nine different occupational settings were studied, drawn from the textile, agricultural and animal handling industries. Samples were collected by personal sampling techniques, using the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampling head, glass fibre filters and rechargeable sampling pumps. The dust exposures were calculated by gravimetric analysis and using the calculated volume of air sampled were expressed as mg/m3. Endotoxin exposures were measured using a simple water extraction from the collected dusts, followed by a quantitative turbidimetric assay. Results were expressed as ng/m3, using the calculated volume of air sampled. In addition, the levels of the contamination of dusts with endotoxin for individual industries were expressed as ng/mg of collected dust. Two hundred and fifty-nine samples, collected from 9 different industries and across 36 different sites were analysed. This represented a sampling rate of 25% for the total work force. The average sampling time was 4.62 h. For all the dusts collected, a significant correlation between the collected dust and endotoxin was seen (r = 0.7 and p < 0.001). The highest dust exposures occurred during cleaning activities (grain handling: 72.5 mg/m3). The individuals exposed to the highest median level of dust and endotoxin were the animal handlers (poultry handlers, dust: 11.53 mg/m3, endotoxin: 71,995 ng/m3). Weaving and mushroom cultivation had the lowest exposures for dust and endotoxins. The mostly highly contaminated dusts (median values expressed as ng of endotoxin per mg of collected dust) were found in the animal handling (poultry: 1,030 ng/mg, swine: 152 ng/mg) and cotton spinning (522 ng/mg) industries. Processing of cotton and wool fibres was found to reduce the levels of contamination of dusts with endotoxin. In the study, valid comparative data for personal exposures to organic dusts and endotoxins have been presented. The highest exposures were found amongst animal handlers and during cleaning activities. The results highlight that dust exposures are greater in a number of industries than the set exposure standards. In addition, endotoxin exposures are found to be greater than levels at which harmful effects have been demonstrated. (+info)Determination of hydroquinone in air by high performance liquid chromatography. (2/352)
A method for measuring hydroquinone in air was evaluated, both in the laboratory and in the workplace. The method involved sampling the inhalable fraction onto a filter contained in a multi-holed sampler with a back-up of Tenax TA, followed by desorption into acetonitrile and analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It was shown to be effective at measuring hydroquinone over the range 0.1 to 2 times a concentration of 0.5 mg/m3 for 8 h. (+info)Recent achievements and research initiated in the Swedish plastics and rubber industry. (3/352)
The improvement in exposure conditions in the Swedish vinyl chloride producing industry is reported. The article comments on the technology and control methods by which the vinyl chloride concentration has been lowered to less than 1 ppm vinyl chloride. Two epidemiological retrospective cohort studies are presently under way on workers in PVC-utilizing industries and in the rubber industry. (+info)Criteria for the health evaluation of polymeric materials building. (4/352)
Various polymer-based synthetic materials have become increasingly ubiquitous in manufactured materials in the U.S.S.R. These release various chemical compounds to the ambient air. The maximum permissible concentrations that have been established for various hazardous chemicals in ambient air must be adjusted to account for the conditions of apartment life. Studies have been conducted to determine exactly what compounds are released and at what rate. Toxicological studies and studies of various physical and chemical properties are required to determine the health effects of these chemicals at concentrations at which they are expected to occur in apartments. More research has to be carried out in this field to further expand our knowledge, and we must beware of any introduction of new polymeric materials without first studying their contribution to possible detrimental health effects. (+info)Occupational cancer in France: epidemiology, toxicology, prevention, and compensation. (5/352)
This article is a description of the current situation in France with regard to occupational cancer: research, prevention, and occupation. Toxicologic experiments are carried out using (italic)in vitro(/italic) and (italic)in vivo(/italic) tests, particularly using transgenic mice. Several epidemiologic studies have been conducted over the last decades: population-based case-control studies; mortality studies and cancer incidence studies carried out in historical cohorts of workers employed in the industry; and case-control studies nested in occupational cohorts. French ethical aspects of toxicologic and epidemiologic studies are described. The results thus obtained are used to establish regulations for the prevention and the compensation of cancers attributable to occupational exposure. This French regulation for prevention of occupational cancer involves several partners: (italic)a(/italic)) the states authorities, including labor inspectors, responsible for preparing and implementing the labor legislation and for supervising its application, particularly in the fields of occupational health and safety and working conditions; (italic)b(/italic)) the Social Security Organisation for the analysis of present or potential occupational risks based on tests, visits in plants, complaints or requests from various sources, and statistics. These activities are performed within the framework of the general French policy for the prevention of occupational cancer. This organization includes the National Institute for Research and Safety, particularly involved in research in the various fields of occupational risks--animal toxicology, biologic monitoring, exposure measurements epidemiology, psychology, ergonomy, electronic systems and machineries, exposure to chemicals, noise, heat, vibration, and lighting; and (italic)c(/italic)) companies where the regulation defines the role of the plant manager, the occupational physician, and the Health, Safety and Working Conditions Committee (comprising the manager, employees' representatives, the occupational physician, and the safety department) in dealing with any problem regarding safety, occupational hygiene, and working conditions. These organizations along with medical practitioners are involved with the compensation of occupational cancers. The regulation for compensation includes the tables of occupational cancer, the possibility of recognition of a cancer case when the requirements of the tables are not met, and the postprofessional follow-up of workers exposed to a carcinogenic agent. (+info)Occupational exposure to lead--granulometric distribution of airborne lead in relation to risk assessment. (6/352)
The amount of airborne lead absorbed by the body during occupational exposure depends not only on lead concentration in workplace air, but also on the granulometric distribution of the aerosol. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) set the lead Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) at 50 micrograms/m3 on the basis of Bernard's model and a number of assumptions, including assumption "C", which predicts that the first 12.5 micrograms/m3 are made up of fine particles (aerodynamic diameter < 1 micron) whereas the remaining 12.5 micrograms/m3 consist of particles > 1 micron. Occupational exposure to airborne lead at a concentration of 50 micrograms/m3 and a granulometric distribution calculated according to the above mentioned assumption, leads, in the model, to a mean blood level of 40 micrograms/dl. In the present study, we tested the validity of assumption "C" in the environmental air of a factory that manufactured crystal glassware containing 24% lead oxide. An 8-stage impactor was used to measure the particle size of airborne dust collected from personal and area samplings. Results indicate that, on the whole, assumption "C" cannot be considered valid in the work environment investigated in this study. As a result, lead absorption levels in exposed workers may be noticeably different from those predicted by the OSHA model. We therefore suggest that in order to make a correct evaluation of the risk of occupational exposure to lead, it is essential to integrate total airborne lead concentration with a measurement of the granulometric distribution of the aerosol. (+info)Heat stress and protective clothing: an emerging approach from the United States. (7/352)
There is little doubt that heat stress affects many workers adversely and that protective clothing generally adds to the burden. The ACGIH threshold limit value for heat stress is the guiding document for evaluation of heat stress in the United States. Adjustment factors have been used to reflect the change in heat stress imposed by different clothing ensembles. While the first proposed factors started with limited experimental data and professional judgment, heat balance methods in the laboratory have yielded better estimates of adjustment factors and for a wider selection of ensembles. These same experiments have provided the starting point to accounting for nonporous clothing in heat balance evaluation schemes such as required sweat rate. Proposed changes to the ACGIH TLV have been mentioned and a framework for thinking about controls presented. (+info)Mesothelioma: cases associated with non-occupational and low dose exposures. (8/352)
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the importance of low dose exposure to asbestos on the risk of mesothelioma. METHODS: A review of the literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of a threshold level below which there is no risk of mesothelioma. Low level exposure more often than not contains peak concentrations which can be very high for short periods. There might exist a background level of mesothelioma occurring in the absence of exposure ot asbestos, but there is no proof of this and this "natural level" is probably much lower than the 1-2/million/year which has been often cited. (+info)The Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) is a term used in occupational health to refer to the highest concentration of a hazardous substance (usually in air) that should not cause harmful effects to most workers if they are exposed to it for a typical 8-hour workday, 5 days a week. It's important to note that MAC values are based on average population data and may not protect everyone, particularly those who are sensitive or susceptible to the substance in question.
It's also crucial to differentiate MAC from other similar terms such as the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) or Threshold Limit Value (TLV), which are used in different regulatory contexts and may have slightly different definitions and criteria.
Please consult with a certified industrial hygienist, occupational health professional, or other appropriate experts for specific guidance related to hazardous substance exposure limits.
2-Ethoxyethanol
Visual impairment due to intracranial pressure
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Natural gas
Respirator assigned protection factors
Bishkek
Chu (river)
Cornforth reagent
Chromium toxicity
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Trimethylsilanol
Hydrology of the Catawissa Tunnel
Potassium iodide
Environmental impact of pesticides
Astronautical hygiene
Bresle method
Eco-Sensitive Zone
Natural-gas processing
Lead service line
List of MeSH codes (G03)
Drinking water quality in the United States
List of waste management acronyms
Mac
Regulation of pesticides in the European Union
Safi (medicine)
Acute to chronic ratio
Water footprint
Cranberry Creek (Stony Creek tributary)
Stony Creek (Black Creek tributary)
Polonium
Results of search for 'su:{Maximum Allowable Concentration}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
First Case of Pulmonary Amyloidosis in a Dental Technician
Polyneuritis caused by n-Hexane and the maximum allowable concentration - Icoh
Evaluación de residuos de ciertos fármacos de uso veterinario en los alimentos : 50o informe del Comité Mixto FAO/OMS de...
Environmental mercury exposure in children: South China's experience
2-Ethoxyethanol - Wikipedia
Publication Detail
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Mutagenicity and Lung Toxicity of Smoldering vs. Flaming Emissions from Various Biomass Fuels: Implications for Health Effects...
Exposure of babies to C15-C45 mineral paraffins from human milk and breast salves - PubMed
Sunscreens and Photoprotection: Overview, Definitions, Active Sunscreen Ingredients
Dietary exposure from pesticide application on farms in the Agricultural Health Pilot Study - PubMed
The EPA National Library Catalog | EPA National Library Network | US EPA
Lead and tap water: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
60,000+ Metal Finishing Shop Problems, Q&A's and RFQs, No. 49,000 to 49,999
Chloroform | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
IAQ: Introducing Outdoor Elements - Facilities Management Insights
PDF) Indoor air quality in green buildings: A case-study in a residential high-rise building in the northeastern United States
Just how 'Sapiens' in the world of high CO2 concentrations?
November 10, 2021 - ISS On-Orbit Status Report
Live blog: AOAC 2020 Virtual Annual Meeting - AOAC INTERNATIONAL
Don't be Complacent about Carbon Dioxide - how to stay safe
Dibutyltindichloride (PIM 586)
Fluoride - Health Professional Fact Sheet
Final Recommendations for Protecting Health and Safety
Particulate matter2
- Although requirements exist for maximum allowable concentrations of particulate matter, currently no measurement capability verifies whether these requirements are met. (nasa.gov)
- Concentrations of tobacco-specific fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were monitored in thirteen pubs located in southern part of Poland during winter season. (who.int)
Exposure9
- As part of its efforts to promote safe conditions aboard spacecraft, NASA requested the National Research Council (NRC) to develop guidelines for establishing spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMAC's) for contaminants, and to review SMAC's for various spacecraft contaminants to determine whether NASA's recommended exposure limits are consistent with the guidelines recommended by the subcommittee. (psu.edu)
- The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by AIHA [1971] that 300 to 500 ppm for 30 to 60 minutes have been reported as a maximum short exposure tolerance [Henderson and Haggard 1943]. (cdc.gov)
- The maximum short exposure tolerance has been reported as being 300 to 500 ppm for 0.5 to 1 hour [Henderson and Haggard 1943]. (cdc.gov)
- 2) The maximum exposure allowed by OSHA in the workplace over an eight hour period is 35 ppm . (engineeringtoolbox.com)
- The recommended maximum allowable concentration for a daily 8-hour time-weighted exposure is 1 ppm. (tabulka.cz)
- Further, Maximum Residue Limits, Acceptable Daily Intakes and Maximum Allowable Concentrations support a belief in "safe" levels of exposure that do not exist. (pan-international.org)
- Tungstendust can front peribronchitis, peribronchiolar, blocking bronchiolitis andatrophic emphysema Tungsten carbide may bob lung lymphoid tissue cellproliferative response, and gradually emergence sclerosis Vascular handrail was thickeningand homogenization People exposure to tungsten carbide dust in job bequeath causegastrointestinal disorders, kidney suffered irritation, upper respiratory tractappeared catarrhal inflammation The maximum allowable concentration oftungsten carbide is 6mg/m3. (klaversvanengelen.com)
- They are the maximum concentration in air at which it is believed that a particular substance will not produce adverse health effects with repeated daily exposure. (lookformedical.com)
- Occupational lead exposure can also particularly using hair concentration as cause a decline in cognitive function over an indicator of lead exposure, nor has a the course of time [ 8 ]. (who.int)
Fluoride concentrations2
- Superphosphate and its effect on bone fluoride concentrations in sheep. (fluoridealert.org)
- Another study has also looked at the fluoride concentrations in alginate impression material and came up with similar results. (oralanswers.com)
Airborne contaminants2
- Spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations for selected airborne contaminants, volume 1. (psu.edu)
- The information below was taken largely from a more comprehensive review, Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 2 (NRC 1996). (nationalacademies.org)
Particles1
- The Airborne Particulate Monitor (APM) demonstrates an instrument for measuring and quantifying the concentration of both small and large particles in spacecraft air. (nasa.gov)
Emissions2
- b) The director may presume that emissions unit-specific allowable emissions for the emissions unit are equivalent to the actual emissions of the emissions unit. (ohio.gov)
- For the purposes of actuals PALs, 'allowable emissions' shall also be calculated considering any emission limitations that are enforceable as a practical matter on the emissions unit's potential to emit. (virginia.gov)
0.051
- Fluoride Mouth Wash. 226 PPM is the maximum allowable fluoride concentration available in over the counter fluoride mouthwashes (0.05% NaF), such as ACT Restoring Mouthwash . (oralanswers.com)
Spacecraft4
- In response to NASA's request, the NRC organized the Subcommittee on Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants within the Committee on Toxicology (COT). (psu.edu)
- The subcommittee's report, entitled Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants, was published in 1992. (psu.edu)
- In the second phase of the study, the Subcommittee on Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations reviewed reports prepared by NASA scientists and contractors recommending SMAC's for 35 spacecraft contaminants. (psu.edu)
- National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (1996). (wikipedia.org)
Limits1
- In Japan, from an industrial health view point, 100 ppm has been recommended to be allowable limits for toluene in workplace air. (go.jp)
Level5
- The free element has a characteristic pungent odor, detectable in concentrations as low as 20 ppb, which is below the safe working level. (tabulka.cz)
- The authors suggested that the National Research Council recommendation of a level of 30 ppm maximum dietary fluoride 'may be too high for high producing dairy cattle fed phosphate sources of fluoride. (fluoridealert.org)
- In Nigeria, food test carried out on 217 different food items revealed the presence of DDT, Aldrin and Dieldrin to be above maximum allowable concentration level which ranged from 1.2-2160μg kg -1 . (ajol.info)
- Studies that involved exposures to fluoride in the range of 2-4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) are emphasized, so that the safety of the maximum-contaminant-level goal (MCLG) can be evaluated. (nationalacademies.org)
- 8. Provide a discussion of the known toxicants associated with the source of the camelina or its by-product, including the maximum level of glucosinolates that may be present in the camelina product or by-product. (canada.ca)
OSHA1
- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the maximum allowable concentration of chloroform in workroom air during an 8-hour workday in a 40-hour workweek at 50 ppm. (cdc.gov)
Impurities1
- 3. A precise description of the camelina product or by-product ingredient is required to assist in accurately describing the ingredient in Schedule IV , including impurities present ( i.e. , the maximum levels present). (canada.ca)
Substances1
- Quality of natural waters analysis included investigation of the annual concentrations of priority substances in the water of some rivers in Polesie for dissolved oxygen, phosphates, nitrogen, petroleum products, copper, zinc, etc. (mdpi.com)
Lethal1
- CO 2 is a simple asphyxiant and lethal asphyxiations have been reported at concentrations as low as 110,000 ppm (Hamilton and Hardy 1974). (nationalacademies.org)
Carbon2
- Carbon dioxide concentration in a room may indicate air quality and ventilation system efficiency. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
- The atmospheric Carbon Dioxide concentration year 1959 - 2015. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
Atmospheric1
- The annual average atmospheric concentration of CO 2 is 372 parts per million (ppm) (Blasing and Jones 2003). (nationalacademies.org)
Dangerous2
- Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). (wikipedia.org)
- Dangerous vs. tolerable concentration levels for some industrial gases. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
Workplace1
- for controlling worker exposures to constituents often en- countered in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
Levels2
- Fluoride levels have exceeded the maximum allowable concentration of 1.5 parts per million, according the Chatham-Kent Public Health Unit. (fluoridealert.org)
- ABSTRACT Phase 1 of this cross-sectional study aimed to compare hair lead concentrations and establish the determinants of hair lead levels in 149 occupationally exposed individuals versus 177 non-occupationally exposed controls in the Lebanese population. (who.int)
Rate1
- Optimal treatment strategy implies maximum allowable rate of TARE with patients concentration in selected hospitals. (idmz.ru)
Species1
- 2. Proposed labels reflecting the purpose of the ingredient, intended species, and suggested and maximum use rates are required, including the standards, packaging, and labelling requirements, as per the Feeds Act and Regulations. (canada.ca)
Dietary2
- However, there is considerable controversy about the maximum safe iodine dose and duration of use when iodine is ingested in excess of the recommended daily dietary amount. (nih.gov)
- A review of the human trials on the safety of iodine ingestion indicates that neither the maximum recommended dietary dose (2 mg/day) nor the maximum recommended duration of use (3 weeks) has a firm basis. (nih.gov)
Lead4
- In the United States, the EPA set the maximum allowable concentration of lead in public drinking water at 15 mcg/L (micrograms per liter). (medlineplus.gov)
- In addition to a standardized questionnaire, lead concentration was measured by atomic spectrophotometry. (who.int)
- A 5-6-fold difference in hair lead concentration was found between occupationally exposed and non-exposed individuals (23.60 ppm versus 4.33 ppm). (who.int)
- In non-exposed individuals, male sex, non-Lebanese nationality and urban worksite correlated with higher hair lead concentration. (who.int)
Dose1
- As the target concentration (allowable concentration), the value obtained by dividing 30% of the PDE value by the maximum daily dose was set. (shimadzu.com)
Results1
- The results must be consistent and fall within a certain allowable variance to remain certified in the STA program. (greenroofs.com)
Compare1
- The Wilcoxon matched pair test was used to compare pollutant concentrations in smoking vs. non-smoking sections. (who.int)
Annual1
- There was a significant decrease in maximum spring runoff and a decrease in the average annual runoff. (mdpi.com)
Minimum1
- Each day the phenology routines calculate today's thermal time (in degee days) from 3-hourly air tempertures interpolated from the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. (apsim.info)
Parts1
- To make the amounts more clear, I will talk about fluoride concentration in parts per million in this article. (oralanswers.com)
Water supply1
- In the book Fluoride in Dentistry , Ole Fejerskov states, "Fluoride-containing mouth gels may be applied, usually by the dental professional once yearly, to individuals living in communities with low concentrations of fluoride in the water supply. (oralanswers.com)
Hour4
- A CO concentration of 1600 ppm is deadly after one hour . (engineeringtoolbox.com)
- PM2.5 concentrations were monitored during one hour in each section using DustTrak monitor (TSI Inc., USA). (who.int)
- Average 1-hour PM2.5 concentration in smoking sections was 1.25 +/- 1.85 mg/ m3 and varied from 0.18 do 7.21 mg/ m3. (who.int)
- Average 1-hour PM2.5 concentration in non-smoking sections was 0.35 +/- 0.29 mg/m3 and varied from 0.056 to 1.01 mg/m3. (who.int)
Volume1
- The highest temporary PM2.5 concentration of 25.5 mg/m3 was found in a pub located in cellar storey were with volume of 60 m3, 13 smokers and no air-condition. (who.int)
High1
- At high concentrations DBPs have been linked to a range of gastrointestinal issues, including cramping and vomiting, as well as lasting health conditions like liver cancer. (albertawater.com)
Effects1
- It appears that an HF concentration somewhere between 1.0 and 5.0 mmol/L (20 and 100 mg/L), applied to the stomach mucosa for at least 15 minutes, is the threshold for effects on the function and structure of the tissue (Whitford et al. (nationalacademies.org)
Present2
System1
- Since ECHA aims to devote our maximum effort to this new system, we can no longer maintain REACH registration data on the current Dissemination Platform. (europa.eu)
List1
- Read the list of prohibited and restricted wastes, including details on maximum allowable concentrations. (crd.bc.ca)
Minutes1
- 4) A CO concentration of 12-13000 ppm is deadly after 1-3 minutes . (engineeringtoolbox.com)
Population1
- RÉSUMÉ La première phase de cette étude transversale visait à comparer la concentration de plomb dans les cheveux de 149 sujets exposés sur leur lieu de travail à celle de 177 témoins non exposés sur leur lieu de travail, choisis dans la population libanaise, et à établir les déterminants de ces concentrations. (who.int)