Masks
Laryngeal Masks
Respiratory Protective Devices
Intubation, Intratracheal
Perceptual Masking
Air Pressure
Fiber Optic Technology
Anesthesia, General
Positive-Pressure Respiration
Laryngoscopy
Respiration, Artificial
Cricoid Cartilage
Respiratory Insufficiency
Drama
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Tidal Volume
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
Inhalation Spacers
Protective Clothing
Contrast Sensitivity
Noninvasive Ventilation
Laryngismus
Aerosols
Psychophysics
Larynx
Neuromuscular Blockade
Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation
Eye Protective Devices
Anesthesia
Pressure
Epiglottis
Intubation
Nebulizers and Vaporizers
Photic Stimulation
Cross-Over Studies
Airway Management
Pattern Recognition, Visual
Subliminal Stimulation
Pneumonia, Aspiration
Immobilization
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Vital capacity and tidal volume preoxygenation with a mouthpiece. (1/281)
We have measured oxygen wash-in in 20 volunteers undergoing preoxygenation with a face mask, mouthpiece alone and a mouthpiece with a noseclip, in a crossover study. Tidal volume breathing and maximal deep breath techniques were studied with each type of equipment. When tidal volume breathing was used, the face mask and mouthpiece with noseclip were comparable, but the mouthpiece alone achieved a lower end-expiratory oxygen concentration than the two other methods after 3 min (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01), and after 5 min (P < 0.05 in each case). Conversely, during preoxygenation with vital capacity breaths, the mouthpiece and mouthpiece with noseclip were comparable, and both were more effective than the face mask (P < 0.001). In a second study, 20 patients who had undergone preoxygenation before induction of anaesthesia were asked later if they would have preferred the face mask or mouthpiece for this procedure. Significantly more patients (14 of 18 who expressed a preference) favoured the mouthpiece (P < 0.05; confidence limits 0.56-0.92). (+info)Reading with central field loss: number of letters masked is more important than the size of the mask in degrees. (2/281)
When the center of a readers, visual field is blocked from view, reading rates decline and eye movement patterns change. This is true whether the central visual field is blocked artificially (i.e. a mask) or through disease (e.g. a retinal scotoma due to macular degeneration). In past studies, when mask size was defined in terms of the number of letters masked from view, reading rates declined sharply as number of letters masked increased. Patients with larger central scotomas (in degrees of visual angle) also read slower. We sought to determine whether number of letters masked or size of the mask in degrees is the predominant factor affecting reading rates and eye movement behavior. By matching number of letters masked across several mask sizes (and compensating for reduced acuity in the periphery), we found that number of letters masked is the more important factor until mask size is quite large (> or = -7.5 degrees) and number of letters masked from view is more than seven. (+info)Variability of aerosol delivery via spacer devices in young asthmatic children in daily life. (3/281)
Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) are widely used together with spacers for the treatment of asthma in children. However, the variability of daily medication dose for pMDI/spacer combinations is not known. Electrostatic charge is a potential source of dose variability. Metal spacers have no static charge. This study assessed and compared within-subject variability of aerosol delivery of metal and plastic spacers. This was a randomized, crossover study in children with stable asthma aged 1-4 (group I, n=17) and 5-8 (group II, n=16) yrs. In both groups the amount of drug delivered to the mouth by a metal spacer (Nebuchamber) and one of two plastic (polycarbonate) spacers, i.e. Babyhaler in group I and Volumatic in group II was measured. The metal and plastic spacers were tested at home in a randomized order for 7 days each, using budesonide (200 microg b.i.d.). Aerosol was collected on a filter positioned between spacer and facemask or mouth. Budesonide on the filter was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean filter dose for each child (mean+/-SD) during the 7 days was expressed as a percentage of the nominal dose. Within-subject variability was expressed as coefficient of variation (CV). Mean filter dose in group I was 41.7+/-10.1% for Nebuchamber and 26.0+/-4.0% for Babyhaler (p<0.001). Mean filter dose in group II was 50.2+/-9.2% for Nebuchamber and 19.4+/-7.2% for Volumatic (p<0.001). Mean CV in group I was 34% for Nebuchamber and 37% for Babyhaler (p=0.44). Mean CV in group II was 23% for Nebuchamber and 34% for Volumatic (p=0.003). There was substantial within-subject dose variability in aerosol delivery in children using a pMDI/spacer at home. This variability was lower for the metal than for the plastic spacer in children 5-8 yrs of age. The dose delivered to the mouth was about two-fold higher for the metal than the plastic spacer independent of age. (+info)Effect of the laryngeal mask airway on oesophageal pH: influence of the volume and pressure inside the cuff. (4/281)
We studied gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) with a face mask and laryngeal mask airway (LMA), and the effects of inflation pressure and volume of the LMA cuff on oesophageal pH, in 60 patients. Patients were managed with either a face mask (group I) or LMA inflated to obtain a seal in the anaesthesia circuit at 7 cm H2O (group II) or 15 cm H2O (group III). A pH-sensitive probe with two electrodes, 10 cm apart, was placed in the oesophagus during anaesthesia and recordings were made continuously until patients awakened. There was a significant difference in the incidence of GOR between the face mask (group I) and the LMA (groups II-III) (P < 0.05) in the lower oesophagus but there was no difference in the mid-oesophagus. No correlation was found between pressure and volume inside the cuff and variations in oesophageal pH. We conclude that LMA use was associated with increased reflux in the low oesophagus but oesophageal pH was not influenced by variations in pressure or volume inside the LMA cuff. (+info)Measurement for breath concentration of hydrogen and methane in horses. (5/281)
This study concerns the establishment of a simple testing method for breath concentration of hydrogen and methane in horses. Twenty-eight healthy thoroughbreds and 24 Arabians were used. Breath samples were collected using one-minute closed circulatory respiration through an aluminum bag filled with 10 liters of pure oxygen, which was mounted on the subjects by means of a face mask. Breath samples obtained, were analyzed by gas chromatography. A significant correlation in both hydrogen and methane levels was observed for samples collected at separate times. These findings confirmed the usefulness of our approach for testing breath concentrations of hydrogen and methane in horses. (+info)Oxygen therapy during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (6/281)
Venturi masks (VMs) and nasal prongs (NPs) are widely used to treat acute respiratory failure (ARF) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, these devices were compared in terms of their potentiality to worsen respiratory acidosis and their capacity to maintain adequate (> 90%) arterial oxygenation (Sa,O2) through time (approximately 24 h). In a randomized cross-over study, 18 consecutive COPD patients who required hospitalization because of ARF were studied. After determining baseline arterial blood gas levels (on room air), patients were randomized to receive oxygen therapy through a VM or NPs at the lowest possible inspiratory oxygen fraction that resulted in an initial Sa,O2 of > or = 90%. Arterial blood gas levels were measured again 30 min later (on O2), and Sa,O2 recorded using a computer during the subsequent approximately 24 h. Patients were then crossed-over to receive O2 therapy by means of the alternative device (NPs or VM), and the same measurements obtained again in the same order. It was observed that both the VM and NPs improved arterial oxygen tension (p<0.0001) to the same extent (p=NS), without any significant effect upon arterial carbon dioxide tension or pH. However, despite this adequate initial oxygenation, Sa,O2 was < 90% for 3.7+/-3.8 h using the VM and for 5.4+/-5.9 h using NPs (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the degree of arterial hypoxaemia (p<0.05) and arterial hypercapnia (p<0.05) present before starting O2 therapy and, particularly, the initial Sa,O2 achieved after initiation of O2 therapy (p<0.0001) enabled the time (in h) that patients would be poorly oxygenated (Sa,O2 < 90%) on follow-up to be predicted. These findings suggest that, in order to maintain an adequate (> 90%) level of arterial oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and moderate acute respiratory failure: 1) the initial arterial oxygen saturation on oxygen should be maximized whenever possible by increasing the inspiratory oxygen fraction; 2) this strategy seems feasible because neither the VM nor NPs worsen respiratory acidosis significantly; and 3) the Venturi mask (better than nasal prongs) should be recommended. (+info)A simple new technique to measure the effective dead space of the face mask with a water volumeter in infants. (7/281)
Measuring the effective dead space (EDS) of a face mask has been difficult in infants and the appropriate volume being deducted from lung volume measurements has varied between laboratories. This study measured EDS in 16 infants (age range, 5-36 months) who have cystic fibrosis, undergoing lung volume measurement by N2 washout. A thin plastic bladder, whose neck resided in the mask port, was shaped to fill a size 1 clear face mask. A water volumeter was made by inserting the body of a 20 mL plastic syringe into the neck of the bladder forming a tight seal with a snug fit against the inner surface of the mask port. The mask was placed on a horizontal surface and water was added until a level appeared in the syringe body (V1). At end-inspiration, the mask was briefly placed on the mouth and nose of the sleeping infant, causing the water level to rise in the syringe body (V2). The actual total dead space (V) of the mask when connected to the mouth port of the slide valve was 23 mL. EDS = V- (V2 - V1). Mean (95% confidence interval (95%CI)) EDS was 12.4 (95% CI 11.2, 13.6) mL. The smallest EDS was 8 mL since the connected ports (dead space, 8 mL) were unlikely to be penetrated by the infant's nose or lips. EDS decreased with increasing body weight and height, but seemed to be influenced by individual facial features too. In conclusion, a reliable noninvasive volumetric technique for the routine measurement of the effective dead space in infants has been developed. (+info)The intubating laryngeal mask airway compared with direct laryngoscopy. (8/281)
We have compared the ability of naive intubators to intubate the trachea using a laryngoscope and an intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) after receiving basic training, in a randomized, prospective, crossover study in 60 patients. Ventilation of the lungs via the ILMA was also compared with ventilation with a face mask. There was no significant difference in successful intubation between the techniques (38 of 89 with the ILMA and 33 of 93 with direct laryngoscopy; ns). In patients in whom participants failed in their intubation attempts with the ILMA, investigators achieved success in 89% (16 of 18). Satisfactory ventilation was more common with the ILMA (50 of 51) than with the face mask (43 of 60) (P = 0.0001). A total of 98% (89 of 91) of ILMA were inserted successfully, with a mean insertion time of 19.6 s, and 78% (69/89) of these insertions were achieved in less than 26 s. The ILMA may be useful for emergency oxygenation and ventilation, but these results do not support its use for intubation by those not trained in advanced airway management and ILMA use. (+info)There are several possible causes of airway obstruction, including:
1. Asthma: Inflammation of the airways can cause them to narrow and become obstructed.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): This is a progressive condition that damages the lungs and can lead to airway obstruction.
3. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes (the airways that lead to the lungs) can cause them to narrow and become obstructed.
4. Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs can cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
5. Tumors: Cancerous tumors in the chest or throat can grow and block the airways.
6. Foreign objects: Objects such as food or toys can become lodged in the airways and cause obstruction.
7. Anaphylaxis: A severe allergic reaction can cause swelling of the airways and obstruct breathing.
8. Other conditions such as sleep apnea, cystic fibrosis, and vocal cord paralysis can also cause airway obstruction.
Symptoms of airway obstruction may include:
1. Difficulty breathing
2. Wheezing or stridor (a high-pitched sound when breathing in)
3. Chest tightness or pain
4. Coughing up mucus or phlegm
5. Shortness of breath
6. Blue lips or fingernail beds (in severe cases)
Treatment of airway obstruction depends on the underlying cause and may include medications such as bronchodilators, inhalers, and steroids, as well as surgery to remove blockages or repair damaged tissue. In severe cases, a tracheostomy (a tube inserted into the windpipe to help with breathing) may be necessary.
There are several types of respiratory insufficiency, including:
1. Hypoxemic respiratory failure: This occurs when the lungs do not take in enough oxygen, resulting in low levels of oxygen in the bloodstream.
2. Hypercapnic respiratory failure: This occurs when the lungs are unable to remove enough carbon dioxide from the bloodstream, leading to high levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
3. Mixed respiratory failure: This occurs when both hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure occur simultaneously.
Treatment for respiratory insufficiency depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and other supportive care measures. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be necessary. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of respiratory insufficiency are present, as early intervention can improve outcomes and prevent complications.
Symptoms of pharyngitis may include sore throat, fever, difficulty swallowing, and tender lymph nodes in the neck. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial infections, anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling and pain, and plenty of rest and fluids to help the body recover.
Pharyngitis is a common condition that affects people of all ages and can be caused by various factors, such as:
1. Viral infections: The most common cause of pharyngitis is a viral infection, such as the common cold or influenza.
2. Bacterial infections: Strep throat, which is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, is a type of bacterial infection that can cause pharyngitis.
3. Allergies: Allergies to pollens, dust mites, or other substances can cause postnasal drip and irritation of the throat, leading to pharyngitis.
4. Irritants: Exposure to smoke, chemicals, or other irritants can cause inflammation and soreness in the throat.
5. Dry air: Dry air can cause the throat to become dry and irritated, leading to pharyngitis.
6. Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy or menstruation can cause changes in the throat that lead to pharyngitis.
7. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): GERD can cause stomach acid to flow up into the throat, leading to inflammation and soreness.
8. Sinus infections: Sinus infections can cause postnasal drip and irritation of the throat, leading to pharyngitis.
9. Mononucleosis: Mononucleosis, also known as mono, is a viral infection that can cause pharyngitis.
10. Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, can cause pharyngitis.
It's important to note that a sore throat can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, so if you have a persistent or severe sore throat, you should see a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Word origin: [O. Eng. larynx + Gr. , voice.]
Synonyms:
1. Stuttering.
2. Hysterical stammering.
3. Spasmodic dysartria.
Note under Dysarthria: Laryngismus is a form of spasmodic dysarthria, the spasms being more sudden and violent than in the ordinary type.
Source: Stedman's Medical Dictionary (28th ed.) via MedicineNet.com
Terms popularity compared to other word forms of 'laryngismus':
Laryngismus has been less popular than other word forms such as 'laryngitis'.
Reference link: medicine.net/ned/2013/laryngismus-stuttering.htm
The symptoms of aspiration pneumonia may include cough, fever, chills, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. The infection can be mild, moderate, or severe and can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in older adults or those with underlying medical conditions.
The diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia is usually made based on a combination of physical examination findings, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest x-rays or CT scans. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care such as oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in severe cases. In some cases, hospitalization may be required to monitor and treat the infection.
Prevention of aspiration pneumonia includes avoiding eating or drinking before lying down, taking small bites and chewing food thoroughly, and avoiding alcohol and sedatives. It is also important to maintain good oral hygiene and to avoid smoking and other forms of tobacco use. Vaccination against certain types of pneumonia may also be recommended for some individuals at high risk.
Dan masks
Thirteen Masks
Behind Masks
Training masks
Masks (novel)
Woyo masks
The Masks
PJ Masks
Yup'ik masks
Death Masks
Masks (album)
The Three Masks
Masks (1929 film)
Masks (Angel comic)
Commedia dell'arte masks
City of Masks
Clear Plastic Masks
Masks of Nyarlathotep
Masks (1987 film)
Traditional African masks
Masks (short story)
Masks (1920 film)
Lead masks case
Masks and Faces
Masks or Faces
Hearts and Masks
People and Masks
Masks in western dance
The Masks of Death
The City of Masks
Use Masks to Slow the Spread of COVID-19
Covid masks - Etsy
COVID-19 and face masks: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Masks - Abcteach
Face masks
The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Mask Wearing
Petition · Masks Optional · Change.org
Category:Gas masks - Wikimedia Commons
Hair Masks | Sephora
Olympic Message Masks Trojan
Laryngeal Mask Airway: Overview, Indications, Contraindications
Masking During Travel | Travelers' Health | CDC
EWG Skin Deep® | Ratings for All Masks
Do Masks Work? | City Journal
masks | Blogs | CDC
How Xerox Turned Printer Filters into Face Masks
Vaccines, masks? Japan puzzling over sudden virus success
Sport Face Masks for Sale | Redbubble
Using unsharp masking for sharper photos - Adobe
COVID-19 and Face Masks: Your Questions Answered | SPH
Q&A: will.i.am Talk Masks
Masked Forces: Zombie Survival kopen | Xbox
CSS Masking Module Level 1 Publication History - W3C
Custom Face Masks | Gifts.com
Patti LuPone Curses at Theatergoers for Not Wearing Masks Properly
Coronavirus kills worker at NYC hospital short of gear, masks
Masks Worn in Malaysian Court as VX-tainted Evidence Shown
Overnight Masks: The Sleepy Secret to Glowing Skin
Faulty masks for pregnant women are latest problem for Japan's government | Reuters
Respirators4
- N95 Respirators or Surgical Masks? (medscape.com)
- At Phoebe Putney Health, DIY masks are intended to be worn over N95 respirators and then disposed of so that the respirators can be reused more safely, says Amanda Clements, the hospital's public relations coordinator. (medscape.com)
- While most all masks provide protection, some respirators (N95 and KN95 masks that meet certain standards) provide the best protection if worn properly. (medlineplus.gov)
- But neck gaiters and surgical masks captured three times more amylase than cloth masks and N95 respirators. (nih.gov)
Worn5
- Less than a week earlier, on February 25, public-health authorities in the United Kingdom had published guidance that masks were unnecessary even for those providing community or residential care: "During normal day-to-day activities facemasks do not provide protection from respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19 and do not need to be worn by staff. (city-journal.org)
- Fitted and Flat masks should only be worn by people ages 13 and up. (redbubble.com)
- Studies show that masks reduce the release of droplets when worn over the nose and mouth. (nih.gov)
- If worn with no measures to reduce gaps, your protection may not be better than cloth masks. (bu.edu)
- The new guidance, announced Friday, is a reversal from previous CDC recommendations that face masks need to be worn only by people who are sick with COVID-19, the illness caused by the new coronavirus , or by those caring for someone who is sick. (aarp.org)
Centers for Diseas2
- The university's updated face mask guidance is based on the newest Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance for determining face mask requirements. (k-state.edu)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is encouraging all Americans - even people who feel healthy - to wear cloth face masks or homemade face coverings in public when 6-feet social distancing is difficult to maintain in an effort to help slow the spread of the coronavirus. (aarp.org)
KN956
- If you use a respirator (an N95 or KN95) mask, you should not double mask. (medlineplus.gov)
- Health care providers recommend using more effective masks, including KN95, N95 or surgical masks. (k-state.edu)
- SPH professors in the Department of Environmental Health share guidance on how to select, wear, and preserve KF94, KN95, and N95 masks. (bu.edu)
- Why use KF94, KN95, or N95 masks? (bu.edu)
- Performance can be increased to 60-80% filtration by knotting and tucking ear loops and otherwise minimizing gaps, and better still if using a mask brace, A well-fitted KF94/KN95/N95 can be more like 90-95+ percent. (bu.edu)
- What is the difference between KF94, KN95, and N95 masks? (bu.edu)
Indoor4
- CDC recommends universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to K-12 schools, regardless of vaccination status. (cdc.gov)
- But based on all available data, the CDC recommends indoor masking whenever there are high levels of COVID-19. (nih.gov)
- Masks are recommended when using indoor public transportation, such as trains and buses. (medlineplus.gov)
- Many cities across the country, following new CDC guidance handed down amid a spike in cases nationally caused by the Delta variant, are once again mandating indoor mask-wearing for everyone, regardless of inoculation status. (city-journal.org)
COVID23
- Wearing a high-quality mask along with vaccination, self-testing, and physical distancing, helps protect you and others by reducing the chance of spreading COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
- A new study found that mandatory masking reduces the spread of COVID-19 in schools. (nih.gov)
- Schools with mandatory masking had 72% less COVID-19 cases caught at school than those with optional masking. (nih.gov)
- Wearing masks is a CDC-recommended* approach to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by reducing the spread of respiratory droplets into the air when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks and by reducing the inhalation of these droplets by the wearer. (nih.gov)
- CDC and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment analyzed trends in county-level COVID-19 incidence before (June 1-July 2) and after (July 3-August 23) the governor's executive order among counties that ultimately had a mask mandate in place and those that did not. (nih.gov)
- In the midst of the rapidly spreading COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and clinics are running out of masks. (medscape.com)
- At Phoebe Putney Health hospital in Albany, Georgia, staff members and volunteers have been working overtime to make face masks that might provide protection against COVID-19. (medscape.com)
- In places where COVID-19 is spreading, wearing a face mask in public helps protect other people from possible infection with COVID-19 . (medlineplus.gov)
- Using face masks in public settings helps reduce the spread of COVID-19. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you live with or have social contact with someone at high risk for severe illness from COVID-19, you may want to self-test before seeing them and wear a mask indoors when you are with them. (medlineplus.gov)
- Individuals who had exposure to someone with COVID-19 should also wear a mask. (k-state.edu)
- The CDC further recommends that all schoolchildren and teachers, even those who have had Covid-19 or have been vaccinated, should wear masks. (city-journal.org)
- Even people outside the company pitched in: A member of Fromm's church, who recently lost someone likely to COVID-19, had a background in textile manufacturing and shared with Adiletta the unique aspects of sourcing and manufacturing the masks. (xerox.com)
- These Sport cloth face masks are not designed for medical use, or as personal protective equipment against coronavirus (COVID-19). (redbubble.com)
- The findings may help explain why wearing masks has been linked to lower disease severity in people with COVID-19. (nih.gov)
- Masks serve as a barrier to help protect the people wearing them from getting or spreading SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (nih.gov)
- Research suggests that wearing a face mask may also lessen the severity of COVID-19 if an individual is infected. (nih.gov)
- We found that face masks strongly increase the humidity in inhaled air and propose that the resulting hydration of the respiratory tract could be responsible for the documented finding that links lower COVID-19 disease severity to wearing a mask," says Bax. (nih.gov)
- This study suggests another way that masks may help in the battle against COVID-19. (nih.gov)
- Hydrating the Respiratory Tract: An Alternative Explanation Why Masks Lower Severity of COVID-19. (nih.gov)
- Why use masks to protect against COVID-19? (bu.edu)
- Although New York City lifted its mask and vaccine mandates back in March, the Broadway League - the national trade association for the theatre industry - has its own COVID-19 safety protocols. (people.com)
- The researchers say that their next steps will be to adapt the color-changing strip to detect the main protease (Mpro), a marker of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and to validate the smart mask in people who have COVID-19. (nih.gov)
Hand sanitizer3
- If you must touch the mask, wash your hands right away or use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wash your hands or use hand sanitizer before putting on your mask. (k-state.edu)
- The nurse also said various items, including masks, wipes and Purell hand sanitizer, began "disappearing through the night. (nypost.com)
Coverings2
- On July 2, 2020, the governor of Kansas issued an executive order † (state mandate), effective July 3, requiring masks or other face coverings in public spaces. (nih.gov)
- In a series of experiments, participants wore four types of face coverings: a neck gaiter, a surgical mask, an N95 respirator, and a cloth mask. (nih.gov)
Coronavirus2
- That research suggests that Americans' many months of mask-wearing has likely provided little to no health benefit and might even have been counterproductive in preventing the spread of the novel coronavirus. (city-journal.org)
- When the call went out at Xerox to think about new ways to use materials on hand to help the coronavirus humanitarian effort, Mark Adiletta, long-time Xerox engineering manager, had a crazy thought: What if we use printer filters to make medical-grade face masks? (xerox.com)
Wearing19
- Wearing a face mask may also protect you from infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wearing face masks helps reduce the spray of respiratory droplets from the nose and mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wearing a face mask over your nose and mouth keeps droplets from spraying out into the air when you are speaking, coughing, or sneezing. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wearing a mask also helps keep you from touching your face. (medlineplus.gov)
- Even if you have a beard that is not trimmed, wearing a mask will still help protect you. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wearing a mask during travel can also help protect others who cannot avoid being in crowded places when they are traveling. (cdc.gov)
- About a month later, on March 30, World Health Organization (WHO) Health Emergencies Program executive director Mike Ryan said that "there is no specific evidence to suggest that the wearing of masks by the mass population has any particular benefit. (city-journal.org)
- He added, "In fact there's some evidence to suggest the opposite" because of the possibility of not "wearing a mask properly or fitting it properly" and of "taking it off and all the other risks that are otherwise associated with that. (city-journal.org)
- Did the medical research on the effectiveness of masks change-and in a remarkably short period of time-or just the guidance on wearing them? (city-journal.org)
- In a " Science Brief " highlighting studies that "demonstrate that mask wearing reduces new infections" and serving as the main public justification for its mask guidance, the CDC provides a helpful matrix of 15 studies-none RCTs. (city-journal.org)
- Some possible factors in Japan's success include a belated but remarkably rapid vaccination campaign, an emptying out of many nightlife areas as fears spread during the recent surge in cases, a widespread practice, well before the pandemic, of wearing masks and bad weather in late August that kept people home. (bostonherald.com)
- Please check with your local authorities for updated requirements and recommendations for wearing cloth face masks. (redbubble.com)
- NIDDK's Dr. Joseph Courtney breathes into the sealed box used for the study while wearing a mask. (nih.gov)
- Wearing masks to interrupt this route of transmission has been increasingly recommended by scientists, clinicians, and government agencies. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- First the why: Medical experts and scientists have shown that wearing a mask is one of the best ways to reduce the spread of contagion factors. (honeywell.com)
- As a Futurist, how long do you forsee we will be wearing masks while moving around in public? (honeywell.com)
- Our new normal, while the world continues to battle the virus and get the majority of people around the globe vaccinated, is to continue to include wearing masks. (honeywell.com)
- As might be expected, strenuous activity and prolonged mask wearing produced higher concentrations of amylase in the masks. (nih.gov)
- The minor task of wearing a mask inspired Dr. Laughlin to start working on a colorful art project that would reflect individuality, community and respect for each other's well-being. (nih.gov)
Face22
- The lighter surgical or medical face-masks are made to prevent spit and mucous from getting on patients or equipment. (medscape.com)
- The face mask should fit snugly over your nose and mouth, against the sides of your face, and secured under your chin. (medlineplus.gov)
- Face shields are not recommended for use in place of face masks at this time. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wash your hands before placing the mask on your face so that it covers both your nose and mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Face masks are now optional for all individuals on K-State campuses and at university events. (k-state.edu)
- Be sure your mask fits snugly against the sides of your face and under your chin. (k-state.edu)
- after cleansing the skin, remove film on hydrogel mask pack and apply directly to face. (nih.gov)
- While the iGen 5 Press printer filter has the same properties as an N95 facemask, it can't be form-fitted into the face-hugging shape of an FDA-approved N95 mask. (xerox.com)
- These masks have three layers: the first (against the face) is cotton, the middle layer is N95 filter material, and the third (outside) is cotton. (xerox.com)
- When should I wear a face mask? (redbubble.com)
- Loop the elastic straps around your ears and adjust the toggles, if available, so there are no gaps between your face and the mask. (redbubble.com)
- Face masks substantially increase the humidity of the air that the mask-wearer breathes in, which the researchers propose could help combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nih.gov)
- Drs. Joseph Courtney and Adriaan Bax of NIH's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) carried out a study to compare how different face masks affected the humidity of inhaled air. (nih.gov)
- What is the protective value of different face masks? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Experts believe face masks effectively reduce viral transmission because they block a person from expelling the virus and help prevent a person from receiving the expelled virus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The protective effects of face masks are important for medical professionals, who are particularly vulnerable to the virus due to their high rates of exposure while working in clinical settings. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Masked Forces Zombie Survival is a cool game designed to put you face to face with all the challenges and horrors that zombies can bring in an alternative future. (xbox.com)
- We had to reuse our masks, gowns and the [face] shield," one nurse said. (nypost.com)
- A Malaysian judge and court officials wore face masks and surgical gloves in court Wednesday as samples were admitted as evidence of where VX nerve agent was found on the body and clothing of the murdered half brother of North Korea's leader. (voanews.com)
- 3. Press the mask on face so that the slits are closed. (nih.gov)
- 4. Take off the mask after 10-15 minutes, pat the remaining essence on face in order skin to fully absorb the nutrient. (nih.gov)
- Dr. Laughlin reached out to friends and family and asked each to send a selfie with their face mask, and started painting a project that would take four months to complete. (nih.gov)
Disposable surgical mask2
- For extra protection, you can wear a cloth mask on top of a disposable surgical mask (creating a double mask). (medlineplus.gov)
- The scientists tested four common types of masks: an N95 mask, a three-ply disposable surgical mask, a two-ply cotton-polyester mask, and a heavy cotton mask. (nih.gov)
Respirator3
- Wear a mask or respirator that provides the highest level of protection (such as an N95 mask). (medlineplus.gov)
- If you have a weakened immune system or are at high risk for severe illness, wear a mask or respirator that provides the highest level of protection (such as an N95 mask). (medlineplus.gov)
- When people properly wear a high-quality mask or respirator, they protect themselves and those around them, and help keep travel safer for everyone. (cdc.gov)
Wore3
- A volunteer wore each mask for at least 10 minutes before any measurements were taken. (nih.gov)
- Most of them wore gloves and masks as a safety precaution after prosecutors warned the VX-tainted items may still be dangerous. (voanews.com)
- The scientists placed the strips in masks that participants wore for eight hours. (nih.gov)
Homemade masks1
- Limited evidence suggests that homemade masks can offer some protection. (medscape.com)
Recommends1
- The WHO recommends that you clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water before putting on a mask. (redbubble.com)
Pandemic1
- When the pandemic broke out, it quickly became clear that masks were going to be a new must-wear item, like shoes or a jacket when it's cold outside. (honeywell.com)
20221
- Effective March 2, 2022, Kansas State University strongly encourages - but does not require - that everyone wear masks while indoors on university property. (k-state.edu)
Spread4
- Regardless of how low community spread may be, you may choose to wear a mask at any time. (medlineplus.gov)
- Masking is a critical public health tool for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases. (cdc.gov)
- Surgical masks were designed to keep medical personnel from inadvertently infecting patients' wounds, not to prevent the spread of viruses. (city-journal.org)
- In truth, the CDC's, U.K.'s, and WHO's earlier guidance was much more consistent with the best medical research on masks' effectiveness in preventing the spread of viruses. (city-journal.org)
Surgical mask3
- I thought we could take that filter and, with some help, put it into fabric and make a surgical mask on steroids. (xerox.com)
- It took the standard surgical mask and gave it N95-like performance without classifying it as such. (xerox.com)
- At room temperature, the surgical mask resulted in the lowest but still sizable humidity increase, while both the N95 mask and the cotton-polyester mask increased humidity to an equal extent. (nih.gov)
Ventilation4
- Initially designed for use in the operating room as a method of elective ventilation, it is a good alternative to bag-valve-mask ventilation , freeing the hands of the provider with the benefit of less gastric distention. (medscape.com)
- [ 8 ] Its use results in less gastric distention than with bag-valve-mask ventilation, which reduces but does not eliminate the risk of aspiration. (medscape.com)
- The most effective method for decreasing exposure to these viral particles is with masks, alongside adequate room ventilation and filtration. (bu.edu)
- The Omicron variant is even more infectious than previous variants, making it even more important to use masking and ventilation/filtration to reduce exposure. (bu.edu)
Wears2
Filtration efficiency4
- All these masks have similar filtration efficiency. (bu.edu)
- How do you decide which mask to purchase, given the importance of filtration efficiency, comfort, and fit? (bu.edu)
- For filtration efficiency, if authentic and tested, all of these types of masks do well, but performance can vary. (bu.edu)
- Their aim was to determine the masks' fitted filtration efficiency (FFE), which indicates their effectiveness at blocking particles of similar size to those of SARS-CoV-2. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Fabric2
- Deaconess Health System in Evansville, Indiana, has posted instructions for fabric masks on their website and asked the public to step up and sew. (medscape.com)
- If you use cloth masks, they should be made of at least 2 layers of fabric that can be laundered in a washing machine and dryer. (medlineplus.gov)
Alongside3
- This effect originates from traditional film photography and is rooted in a darkroom technique where a copy of the original image is intentionally blurred, or "unsharpened," and then applied to the original image as a contrast mask - essentially a sheet of film placed alongside the negative during printing. (adobe.com)
- The scientists behind the present study tested numerous modifications to medical procedure masks alongside a range of consumer-grade masks. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The Broadway legend - who is currently starring in the Tony-nominated revival of Stephen Sondheim's Company - was appearing alongside her costars in a filmed Q&A hosted by the American Theatre Wing when she snapped at the patrons, telling them to pull their masks up over their noses. (people.com)
Guidance5
- When selecting a mask, consult official guidance to make the right choice for you. (etsy.com)
- According to the CDC guidance, people may choose to mask at any time, and high-risk individuals should consult with their health care providers, as should those who live with or care for higher risk people. (k-state.edu)
- Then, on April 3, 2020, Adams announced that the CDC was changing its guidance and that the general public should hereafter wear masks whenever sufficient social distancing could not be maintained. (city-journal.org)
- How did mask guidance change so profoundly? (city-journal.org)
- I t's striking how much the CDC, in marshalling evidence to justify its revised mask guidance, studiously avoids mentioning randomized controlled trials. (city-journal.org)
Concentrations1
- Each of the tested masks had a sampling port installed, enabling the scientists to compare sodium chloride concentrations behind the masks against the concentration in the general atmosphere of the exposure chamber. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Neck3
- Do not slip the mask down on your chin or neck, wear it below your nose or mouth or up on your forehead, wear it only on your nose, or dangle it from one ear. (medlineplus.gov)
- The masks tested included an unmodified medical procedure mask, the same mask with various modifications to improve its fit, and a variety of consumer-grade masks, including cotton and synthetic masks, bandanas, and a neck gaiter covering. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The results suggested that neck gaiters and surgical masks have better capabilities for concentrating oral fluids for disease-related detection. (nih.gov)
Particles6
- Do not use masks that have a valve or vent, which can allow virus particles to escape. (medlineplus.gov)
- It's possible that humidity created within the mask may play a role, as humidity is an essential factor in the process that clears inhaled particles from the lungs. (nih.gov)
- Masks decrease release of viral particles from infectious people and decrease inhalation of viral particles by other people in the room. (bu.edu)
- A typical cloth mask removes up to maybe 50% of the airborne particles . (bu.edu)
- That's actually 5-10 times better than a cloth mask-for every 100 particles in the air, 50 would be inhaled with 50 percent removal, but only 5 would be inhaled with 95 percent removal. (bu.edu)
- Researchers have assessed how effective various medical and consumer-grade masks are at protecting the wearer from exposure to particles similar in size to SARS-CoV-2. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Wearer1
- To help answer this question, researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) are working to create a "smart" mask that can detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in the wearer. (nih.gov)
Mandatory2
- Parental Autonomy refers to a principle that parents have fundamental rights to raise his or her child and to make all decisions concerning the child and mandatory masking contradicts this. (change.org)
- By signing this petition I request that the Gilmanton School Board revoke their previous decision making masks mandatory when a certain number of cases are with in the school. (change.org)
People4
- So instead of waiting for mask shipments that may be weeks off, some people are making their own. (medscape.com)
- Other people who wear masks help protect you from infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Here are the CDC mask recommendations for all people age 2 and older based on the hospital admission level in your area. (medlineplus.gov)
- When masks first became a must, there was a shortage situation, so people started making their own. (honeywell.com)
Search1
- When he wasn't in the plant, Adiletta went in search of a tailor in Rochester to professionally stitch the filter into the cloth mask. (xerox.com)
Viral1
- Many clinicians have access to medical procedure masks, while individuals sometimes modify them with the intention of boosting their ability to block viral transmission. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Effectiveness1
- Several reliable studies have examined the effectiveness of different kinds of masks, with consideration of fit and comfort. (bu.edu)
Explore1
- Explore unsharp masking in Adobe Photoshop and learn how to make images clearer and more dramatic by increasing contrast and reducing noise. (adobe.com)
Scientists1
- The scientists point out that while modifications to the medical procedure mask significantly improved its FFE, these require a balance with how comfortable they are to wear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Loops2
- After use, remove the mask from behind, loops first. (redbubble.com)
- For comfort, along with the straps versus ear loops, you want to make sure the masks are breathable so you can wear them for multiple hours. (bu.edu)
Adjust4
- Adjust the mask so that there are no gaps. (medlineplus.gov)
- Follow this quick tutorial to apply the Unsharp Mask to your photo and adjust it for your artistic preferences. (adobe.com)
- 2. Apply and adjust the Unsharp Mask filter. (adobe.com)
- 2. Adjust the top and bottom of the mask to fit the outline of eyes, nose and mouth. (nih.gov)
Protective mask2
Wash1
- Wash the mask after every use. (redbubble.com)
Types2
- There are two main types of masks generally used in healthcare. (medscape.com)
- For the feasibility study, the researchers first wanted to see whether various types of masks can collect enough saliva for detection. (nih.gov)
Infection3
- These findings show that school masking remains a critical preventive measure in times with high community infection rates," says Dr. Danny Benjamin at Duke University, who co-led the study. (nih.gov)
- Smart masks could one day be used to alert mask-wearers of a potential infection and the need for subsequent testing, especially in group settings such as nursing homes, rehab facilities, schools, and assembly lines. (nih.gov)
- Jesse Jokerst aims to upgrade everyday masks with a color-changing sticker for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nih.gov)
Greatly3
- Masks greatly increase the humidity of inhaled air, particularly at lower temperatures, which may help to protect wearers from serious respiratory infections. (nih.gov)
- The humidifying effects of all masks greatly increased at lower temperatures. (nih.gov)
- The performance of surgical masks depends greatly on the degree of fit. (bu.edu)
Nose wire1
- Look for masks with a nose wire to help prevent gaps and prevent fogging if you wear glasses. (medlineplus.gov)
Fits2
- The most effective mask is the one that fits you comfortably and well that you will wear consistently. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you have a beard, try to use a mask that fits around your beard or trim your beard to help with the fit. (medlineplus.gov)
Cotton2
- At all temperatures, the thick cotton mask led to a very large increase in humidity. (nih.gov)
- The most effective was a washed two-layer woven nylon mask, while the least effective was a three-layer woven cotton mask. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers7
- One 2020 review by Chinese researchers, for example, analyzed six randomly controlled trials that included more than 9000 participants and found no added benefits of N95 masks over ordinary surgical masks for healthcare providers treating patients with the flu. (medscape.com)
- By measuring the humidity changes in the box under the different conditions, the researchers were able to calculate how each mask affected the humidity of inhaled air. (nih.gov)
- The researchers instructed an adult male without a beard to wear the masks. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Researchers from the University of California, San Diego, demonstrated the feasibility of a "smart" mask that captures a wearer's saliva for disease detection. (nih.gov)
- Researchers at UCSD are working to repurpose everyday masks for disease detection, which could help prevent outbreaks, especially in crowded settings. (nih.gov)
- To make a mask "smart," the researchers aim to develop a sticker-like test strip that is affixed to the mask's inner layer and changes color when exposed to virus expelled in the wearer's saliva or breath. (nih.gov)
- By tracing amylase, an abundant enzyme in saliva, the researchers were able to estimate the concentration and distribution of saliva in the masks. (nih.gov)
Saliva3
- Earlier studies from Bax and other colleagues showed that any cloth mask can help block the thousands of saliva droplets that are released when speaking. (nih.gov)
- They also wanted to determine where test strips should be placed on masks to best capture saliva. (nih.gov)
- The team found that the color-changing strips were effective at capturing and detecting amylase from the mask-wearers' saliva. (nih.gov)
Public6
- Masking is a critical public health tool and it is important to remember that any mask is better than no mask. (cdc.gov)
- Healthcare workers are going online to beg for more, the hashtags #GetMePPE and #WeNeedPPE are trending on Twitter, and some hospitals have even put out public calls for mask donations. (medscape.com)
- Keep the mask on the entire time you are in public. (medlineplus.gov)
- The research, which appears in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine , provides more information for the public and clinicians on which masks to wear, and what modifications are likely to be effective. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Members of the public have access to a wide variety of masks, including home-made and improvised variants. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Gathering in public places, like sports stadiums, movie theaters, concerts and air travel will continue to be 'mask up territory. (honeywell.com)
Gaps1
- Fit is key-you can have the best filtering mask material in the world, but if there are gaps where air can come in and out, you are breathing air that is not filtered. (bu.edu)
Health4
- Health providers are working scared: They know that the moment the masks run out, they're at increased risk for disease. (medscape.com)
- After one tailor turned it around for him in that timeframe, Adiletta went back to designing the prototype at the Xerox lab, while also sending prototypes to Rochester Regional Health-the recipients of the final masks-to review. (xerox.com)
- On April 9, the masks were loaded up into a truck and driven over to employees across Rochester Regional Health. (xerox.com)
- While there is currently no laundered process for personal protective equipment, Xerox, Hickey Freeman, and Rochester Regional Health are exploring a sterilization process that would allow the masks to be reused multiple times. (xerox.com)
Make5
- Physicians and providers around the world have been sharing strategies online for how to make their own masks. (medscape.com)
- Make sure you can breathe comfortably through the mask. (medlineplus.gov)
- Now, I want to make sure that each voxel is assigned to only one mask. (nih.gov)
- Using unsharp masking to make photos sharper. (adobe.com)
- This allows you to apply the Unsharp Mask as a smart filter to the input image, which keeps the sharpening effect editable, in case you need to make changes later. (adobe.com)