Activity involved in transfer of goods from producer to consumer or in the exchange of services.
Use of marketing principles also used to sell products to consumers to promote ideas, attitudes and behaviors. Design and use of programs seeking to increase the acceptance of a social idea or practice by target groups, not for the benefit of the marketer, but to benefit the target audience and the general society.
Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.
The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The aggregate business enterprise of agriculture, manufacture, and distribution related to tobacco and tobacco-derived products.
The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.
A mode of communication concerned with inducing or urging the adoption of certain beliefs, theories, or lines of action by others.
That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)
Laws concerned with manufacturing, dispensing, and marketing of drugs.
Process that is gone through in order for a drug to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required pre-clinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance of the drug.
Instruments or technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people with a common message: press, radio, television, etc.
Form in which product is processed or wrapped and labeled. PRODUCT LABELING is also available.
Relations of an individual, association, organization, hospital, or corporation with the publics which it must take into consideration in carrying out its functions. Publics may include consumers, patients, pressure groups, departments, etc.
An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.
The reporting of observed or suspected PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT or incompetence to appropriate authorities or to the public.
Surveillance of drugs, devices, appliances, etc., for efficacy or adverse effects, after they have been released for general sale.
Exercise of governmental authority to control conduct.
Management control systems for structuring health care delivery strategies around case types, as in DRGs, or specific clinical services.
The act of deceiving or the fact of being deceived.
Laws and regulations concerned with industrial processing and marketing of foods.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
The transmission and reception of electric impulses or signals by means of electric waves without a connecting wire, or the use of these waves for the wireless transmission of electric impulses into which sound is converted. (From Webster's 3d)
Images used to comment on such things as contemporary events, social habits, or political trends; usually executed in a broad or abbreviated manner.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
Drinkable liquids containing ETHANOL.
Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.
Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a drug container or wrapper. It includes contents, indications, effects, dosages, routes, methods, frequency and duration of administration, warnings, hazards, contraindications, side effects, precautions, and other relevant information.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
The practice of prescribing or using a drug outside the scope of the drug's official approved label as designated by a regulatory agency concerning the treatment of a particular disease or condition.
The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of group membership upon the behavior, attitudes, and beliefs of an individual.
Administration and functional structures for the purpose of collectively systematizing activities for a particular goal.
A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.
Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.
Powdered or cut pieces of leaves of NICOTIANA TABACUM which are inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.
The collective designation of three organizations with common membership: the European Economic Community (Common Market), the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). It was known as the European Community until 1994. It is primarily an economic union with the principal objectives of free movement of goods, capital, and labor. Professional services, social, medical and paramedical, are subsumed under labor. The constituent countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. (The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997, p842)
An alcohol produced from mint oils or prepared synthetically.
A situation in which an individual might benefit personally from official or professional actions. It includes a conflict between a person's private interests and official responsibilities in a position of trust. The term is not restricted to government officials. The concept refers both to actual conflict of interest and the appearance or perception of conflict.
The transmission and reproduction of transient images of fixed or moving objects. An electronic system of transmitting such images together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound. (From Webster, 3rd ed)
Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.
Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.
Travel to another country for the purpose of medical treatment.
The provision of monetary resources including money or capital and credit; obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or enterprise and the funds so obtained. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed.)
The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.
Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a product or its container or wrapper. It includes purpose, effect, description, directions, hazards, warnings, and other relevant information.
Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received.
The moral obligations governing the conduct of commercial or industrial enterprises.
Sweet food products combining cane or beet sugars with other carbohydrates and chocolate, milk, eggs, and various flavorings. In the United States, candy refers to both sugar- and cocoa-based confections and is differentiated from sweetened baked goods; elsewhere the terms sugar confectionary, chocolate confectionary, and flour confectionary (meaning goods such as cakes and pastries) are used.
Control of drug and narcotic use by international agreement, or by institutional systems for handling prescribed drugs. This includes regulations concerned with the manufacturing, dispensing, approval (DRUG APPROVAL), and marketing of drugs.
Consumer Product Safety refers to the measures and regulations implemented to ensure household items, toys, and other consumer products are designed, manufactured, and distributed in a manner that minimizes risks of harm, injury, or death to consumers during normal use or foreseeable misuse.
Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.
Exploitation through misrepresentation of the facts or concealment of the purposes of the exploiter.
A course or method of action selected to guide and determine present and future decisions.
Production of drugs or biologicals which are unlikely to be manufactured by private industry unless special incentives are provided by others.
The application of methods designed to reduce the risk of harm associated with certain behaviors without reduction in frequency of those behaviors. The risk-associated behaviors include ongoing and active addictive behaviors.
Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.
The selection of one food over another.
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
An examination, review and verification of all financial accounts.
The effort of two or more parties to secure the business of a third party by offering, usually under fair or equitable rules of business practice, the most favorable terms.
Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.
The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.
A systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any field of activity. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.
An organizational enterprise between a public sector agency, federal, state or local, and a private sector entity. Skills and assets of each sector are shared to deliver a service or facility for the benefit or use of the general public.
Places where animals are slaughtered and dressed for market.
Substances and products derived from NICOTIANA TABACUM.
The attitude of a significant portion of a population toward any given proposition, based upon a measurable amount of factual evidence, and involving some degree of reflection, analysis, and reasoning.
The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.
A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and pathology of reproduction in man and other animals, and on the biological, medical, and veterinary problems of fertility and lactation. It includes ovulation induction, diagnosis of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss, and assisted reproductive technologies such as embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, and intrafallopian transfer of zygotes. (From Infertility and Reproductive Medicine Clinics of North America, Foreword 1990; Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Notice to Contributors, Jan 1979)
A process whereby representatives of a particular interest group attempt to influence governmental decision makers to accept the policy desires of the lobbying organization.
The application of knowledge to the food industry.
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
Information intended for potential users of medical and healthcare services. There is an emphasis on self-care and preventive approaches as well as information for community-wide dissemination and use.
Examination of foods to assure wholesome and clean products free from unsafe microbes or chemical contamination, natural or added deleterious substances, and decomposition during production, processing, packaging, etc.
Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physicians, and other sources on adverse drug reactions.
Systematic organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of specialized information, especially of a scientific or technical nature (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983). It often involves authenticating or validating information.
Economic sector concerned with the provision, distribution, and consumption of health care services and related products.
Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.
A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.
The means of interchanging or transmitting and receiving information. Historically the media were written: books, journals, newspapers, and other publications; in the modern age the media include, in addition, radio, television, computers, and information networks.
Professional practice as an employee or contractee of a health care institution.
Procedures, strategies, and theories of planning.
Organizations and individuals cooperating together toward a common goal at the local or grassroots level.
The circulation or wide dispersal of information.
The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.
The obtaining and management of funds for institutional needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
Collection and analysis of data pertaining to operations of a particular library, library system, or group of independent libraries, with recommendations for improvement and/or ordered plans for further development.
Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a food or its container or wrapper. The concept includes ingredients, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, directions, warnings, and other relevant information.
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.
The enactment of laws and ordinances and their regulation by official organs of a nation, state, or other legislative organization. It refers also to health-related laws and regulations in general or for which there is no specific heading.
The level of governmental organization and function below that of the national or country-wide government.
Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.
The means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another.
Hospital department responsible for the purchasing of supplies and equipment.
Platforms that provide the ability and tools to create and publish information accessed via the INTERNET. Generally these platforms have three characteristics with content user generated, high degree of interaction between creator and viewer, and easily integrated with other sites.
Disciplines concerned with the study of human and animal behavior.
Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation.
Services providing pharmaceutic and therapeutic drug information and consultation.
Pharmacy services accessed via electronic means.
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Vermont" is a U.S. state and not a medical term. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition. It is located in the New England region of the United States and is known for its scenic beauty, particularly its green mountains, and is also renowned for its production of maple syrup. If you have any questions about medical topics or terms, I would be happy to help with those!
The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Large computers in both size and capacity.
The aggregate enterprise of technically producing packaged meat.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "California" is a place, specifically a state on the western coast of the United States, and not a medical term or concept. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.
Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.
Management review designed to evaluate efficiency and to identify areas in need of management improvement within the institution in order to ensure effectiveness in meeting organizational goals.
Managerial personnel responsible for implementing policy and directing the activities of hospitals.
Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.
The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.
Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
Viscous materials composed of complex, high-molecular-weight compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The detection of long and short term side effects of conventional and traditional medicines through research, data mining, monitoring, and evaluation of healthcare information obtained from healthcare providers and patients.
The planning and managing of programs, services, and resources.
The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.
A sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease.
Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Social process whereby the values, attitudes, or institutions of society, such as education, family, religion, and industry become modified. It includes both the natural process and action programs initiated by members of the community.
Communication between persons or between institutions or organizations by an exchange of letters. Its use in indexing and cataloging will generally figure in historical and biographical material.
The bestowing of tangible or intangible benefits, voluntarily and usually without expectation of anything in return. However, gift giving may be motivated by feelings of ALTRUISM or gratitude, by a sense of obligation, or by the hope of receiving something in return.
Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.
The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.
The act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of, nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object.
The organization and operation of the business aspects of a physician's practice.
Substances intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions. Included in this definition are skin creams, lotions, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes, and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. (U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics Fact Sheet (web page) Feb 1995)
A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'Europe' is a geographical continent and not a medical term; therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
Ending the TOBACCO habits of smoking, chewing, or snuff use.

Targeting of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders by the tobacco industry: results from the Minnesota Tobacco Document Depository. (1/461)

OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to review internal tobacco industry documents written between 1985 and 1995 regarding the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) population in the USA. These documents detail opportunities and barriers to promotion of tobacco products, as viewed by the tobacco industry and its market research firms. DATA SOURCES: /methods: Researchers reviewed tobacco industry documents from the document depository in Minneapolis, Minnesota and the tobacco industry's website, The Tobacco Archive, in a systematic fashion. A combined technique was employed using title keywords, dates, and names to search the 4(b) index. FINDINGS: A review of internal tobacco company documents reveal that during the late 1980s, the industry and its market research firms recognised the importance of the AAPI community as a potential business market. Documents describe the population growth in this community, the high prevalence of smoking in countries of origin, high purchasing power of AAPI immigrants, cultural predisposition to smoking, opportunities afforded by the high proportion of retail businesses under AAPI ownership, barriers to developing the AAPI market, comprehensive campaigns, and political and lobbying efforts. Comprehensive campaigns were designed to integrate promotion efforts in AAPI consumer, retail, and business communities. CONCLUSIONS: The documents show that the tobacco industry developed specific promotion strategies to target the AAPI population. Tobacco control initiatives in the AAPI group have been slower to develop than in other targeted ethnic groups, and may benefit by increased awareness of industry methods to promote tobacco use.  (+info)

Influence of commercial information on prescription quantity in primary care. (2/461)

BACKGROUND: In the last few years we have witnessed many publicly-financed health services reaching a crisis point. Thus, drug expenditure is nowadays one of the main concerns of health managers, and its containment one of the first goals of health authorities in western countries. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of the perceived quality stated in commercial information, its uses, and how physicians perceive the influence it has on prescription amounts. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 405 primary care physicians was conducted in Galicia (north-west Spain). The independent variables physician's education and speciality, physician's perception of the quality of available drug information sources, type of practice, and number of patients were collected, through a postal questionnaire. Environmental characteristics of the practice were obtained from secondary sources. Multiple regression models were constructed using as dependent variables two indicators of prescription volume. RESULTS: The response rate was 75.2%. Prescription amounts was found to be associated with perceived credibility of information provided by medical visitors, regulated physician training, and environmental characteristics of the practice (primary care team practice, urban environment). CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that in order to decrease prescription amounts it is necessary to limit the role of pharmaceutical companies in physician training, improve physician education and training, and emphasize more objective sources of information.  (+info)

Review article: gastroenterology and the pharmaceutical industry. (3/461)

Physicians' relationships with industry derive from the moral imperative to advocate and work for the best interests of patients. Private industry generally operates to satisfy the best interests of the stockholders or owners. Conflicts arise between these interests and are magnified by the inequality of the financial positions of physicians and industry. Because the ultimate consumer of the products (drugs, medical devices, etc.) of the biomedical industry must enlist a physician as an intermediary, the physician has become the target of industry in a sophisticated marketing effort that includes the offering of financial and other incentives. These conflicts and incentives are pervasive throughout clinical and research endeavors. Standards for resolution, if not elimination, of these conflicts have been proposed by various respected organizations. Individual physicians and medical organizations should evaluate these standards and, if pertinent and appropriate, endorse and follow them.  (+info)

Testing neoclassical competitive market theory in the field. (4/461)

This study presents results from a pilot field experiment that tests predictions of competitive market theory. A major advantage of this particular field experimental design is that my laboratory is the marketplace: subjects are engaged in buying, selling, and trading activities whether I run an exchange experiment or am a passive observer. In this sense, I am gathering data in a natural environment while still maintaining the necessary control to execute a clean comparison between treatments. The main results of the study fall into two categories. First, the competitive model predicts reasonably well in some market treatments: the expected price and quantity levels are approximated in many market rounds. Second, the data suggest that market composition is important: buyer and seller experience levels impact not only the distribution of rents but also the overall level of rents captured. An unexpected result in this regard is that average market efficiency is lowest in markets that match experienced buyers and experienced sellers and highest when experienced buyers engage in bargaining with inexperienced sellers. Together, these results suggest that both market experience and market composition play an important role in the equilibrium discovery process.  (+info)

How will the reduction of tariffs and taxes on insecticide- treated bednets affect household purchases? (5/461)

One of the steps called for in the fight against malaria is the removal of tariffs and taxes on insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs), netting materials, and insecticides, with a view to reducing the retail prices of ITNs and thus increasing utilization. In this paper we develop an approach for analysing the extent to which reform of tariff and tax policy can be expected to increase ITN purchases. We consider the following questions: (1). How much does the retail price of ITNs change if tariffs and taxes are reduced or eliminated? (2). How responsive is consumer demand to changes in the retail price of ITNs? Data on the price elasticity of demand for ITNs are very limited. Nevertheless, they suggest that ITN demand is not highly responsive to lower prices if household preferences are held constant. The reduction in retail prices associated with the removal of tariffs and taxes depends on the structure of the market in individual countries. In Nigeria, reducing the tariff on insecticides from 42% to zero and the tariff on netting materials from 40% to 5% is expected to increase ITN purchases by 9-27%, depending on the elasticity used. Country-specific information about market structure and cost conditions is needed if predictions are to be made as to how a specific policy change will affect ITN purchases.  (+info)

Restrictions on import of drugs for personal use within the European single market. (6/461)

BACKGROUND: The European Union (EU) has harmonized legislation on pharmaceutical products to implement the single market in this field. European consumers are offered with high quality and safe products that have been brought onto the market through harmonized procedures. The aim of the study was to find out if there still were legislative restrictions to purchasing prescription only medicines (POMs) for personal use from another EU member state. METHODS: The medicines authorities in the EU were inquired about the possibilities of a citizen to obtain POMs for personal use from another EU country. The method used was a questionnaire covering both the delivery of foreign prescriptions and import of prescription-only medicines. The questionnaire was mailed, e-mailed or faxed to the national medicines authorities. RESULTS: An answer was obtained from 11 of the 15 member states. The results showed that the delivery of foreign prescriptions was regulated only in the Nordic countries. All the countries reported prohibitions on delivering prescriptions for drugs that act on the central nervous system and prescriptions that were suspicious. The personal import of drugs was restricted as to the amounts and reimbursement policy. CONCLUSIONS: The import of drugs for personal use is not yet comparable to other consumables in the EU. The prevailing restrictions contravene the community legislation and this problem has not yet been solved. It is probable that problems will arise in the near future when information technology is likely to be used increasingly in the delivery of drugs.  (+info)

Monitoring compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in west Africa: multisite cross sectional survey in Togo and Burkina Faso. (7/461)

OBJECTIVES: To monitor compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in health systems, sales outlets, distribution points, and the news media in Togo and Burkina Faso, west Africa. DESIGN: Multisite cross sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Staff at 43 health facilities and 66 sales outlets and distribution points, 186 health providers, and 105 mothers of infants aged < or =5 months in 16 cities. RESULTS: Six (14%) health facilities had received donations of breast milk substitutes. All donations were being given to mothers free of charge. Health providers in five (12%) health facilities had received free samples of breast milk substitutes for purposes other than professional research or evaluation. Health professionals in five (12%) health facilities had received promotional gifts from manufacturers. Promotional materials of commercial breast milk substitutes were found in seven (16%) health facilities. Special displays to market commercial breast milk substitutes were found in 29 (44%) sales and distribution points. Forty commercial breast milk substitutes violated the labelling standards of the code: 21 were manufactured by Danone, 11 by Nestle, and eight by other national and international manufacturers. Most (148, 90%) health providers had never heard of the code, and 66 mothers (63%) had never received any counselling on breast feeding by their health providers. CONCLUSION: In west Africa manufacturers are violating the code of marketing of breast milk substitutes. Comparable levels of code violations are observed with (Burkina Faso) or without (Togo) regulating legislation. Legislation must be accompanied by effective information, training, and monitoring systems to ensure that healthcare providers and manufacturers comply with evidence based practice and the code.  (+info)

Views of older people on cataract surgery options: an assessment of preferences by conjoint analysis. (8/461)

BACKGROUND: Key issues in the quality of care for people with cataracts in the UK include hospital waiting lists, complication rates from surgery, and the use of junior surgeons. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relative importance that older people attach to these factors when given theoretical choices over options for cataract surgery. METHOD: A systematic sample of 194 individuals aged 60-84 years on a general practice register in Nottingham were invited to take part in an interview based survey. Respondents ranked 11 "cataract surgery packages" containing different waiting list lengths, complication risks, and surgeon grades. Conjoint analysis was performed to determine the relative importance of these factors for individuals and for the group as a whole. RESULTS: Of the 194 subjects invited to participate, 146 (72%) completed the interview. For the group as a whole the "averaged importance" of the factors was: complication risk 45.8%; waiting time 41.1%, surgeon grade 13.1%. Analysis of importance scores for individuals showed that some were particularly concerned about complication risk while others were more concerned about waiting times. There was a strong negative correlation between importance scores for these factors (Spearman's rho -0.78, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents thought that either risk of damage to sight and/or waiting time were important, while surgeon grade was relatively unimportant. The findings show that some potential cataract patients prefer a greater risk of complication combined with a short wait than a low complication rate and a longer wait.  (+info)

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "marketing." In general, marketing refers to the activities involved in promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service. This can include market research, product development, advertising, public relations, sales, and customer service. Marketing is used in many industries, including healthcare, to connect with and engage customers, build brand awareness, and increase sales.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Social Marketing" is not a term typically used in the field of medicine. Instead, it is a marketing strategy that uses commercial marketing techniques and principles to influence the behavior of target audiences in order to improve their personal well-being and that of their communities. This approach has been applied to various public health and healthcare initiatives, such as promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing substance abuse, and increasing vaccination rates.

However, if you're looking for a medical definition related to social aspects or interactions, there might be some confusion. In that case, I would need more context to provide an accurate definition. Could you please clarify your question?

"Marketing of Health Services" refers to the application of marketing principles and strategies to promote, sell, and deliver health care services to individuals, families, or communities. This can include activities such as advertising, public relations, promotions, and sales to increase awareness and demand for health services, as well as researching and analyzing consumer needs and preferences to tailor health services to better meet those needs. The ultimate goal of marketing in health services is to improve access to and utilization of high-quality health care while maintaining ethical standards and ensuring patient satisfaction.

Advertising is a form of communication used to promote or sell products, services, or ideas. In the medical field, advertising is often used by healthcare providers, hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies to reach potential patients or customers. Advertisements may appear in various media formats, such as television, radio, print, online platforms, and outdoor displays.

In the context of medical advertising, it is essential to ensure that all information presented is accurate, balanced, and not misleading. The advertising of prescription medications directly to consumers is regulated by government agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, to ensure that the benefits and risks of the medication are clearly communicated.

Healthcare providers may also engage in advertising to promote their services or expertise. This can include listing their qualifications, areas of specialization, and patient testimonials. However, healthcare providers must adhere to ethical guidelines and avoid making exaggerated claims about their abilities or the outcomes that patients can expect.

Overall, medical advertising plays an essential role in informing the public about available healthcare options and promoting healthy behaviors. Still, it is crucial to ensure that all advertisements are truthful, transparent, and adhere to ethical standards.

A Tobacco Industry is a commercial sector involved in the cultivation, production, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products. This can include growers who produce tobacco leaves, manufacturers who process the leaves into various forms (such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco, or snuff), and companies that market and distribute these products to consumers. It is important to note that the tobacco industry has been associated with significant health risks, as the use of tobacco products can lead to a range of serious health problems, including cancer, heart disease, and lung disease.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Industry" is not a term that has a medical definition. The food industry is a broad category that includes businesses involved in the production, processing, packaging, distribution, and sale of food products. This can include farms, fisheries, manufacturers of food products, grocery stores, restaurants, and more.

If you have any questions related to nutrition or dietary habits and their impact on health, I would be happy to help provide information based on medical knowledge.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Persuasive Communication" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Persuasive communication is a broader term used in various fields including psychology, sociology, and communications to refer to the process of using communication to influence or persuade others to adopt a particular viewpoint or course of action.

However, in a medical context, communication is a crucial aspect of healthcare delivery, and effective communication skills are essential for healthcare professionals to build trust, ensure informed consent, and promote patient engagement and adherence to treatment plans. This includes being able to effectively communicate complex medical information in a clear and understandable way, as well as being sensitive to patients' emotions, values, and cultural backgrounds.

If you have any specific questions about communication in a medical context or any other healthcare-related topic, I would be happy to try to help answer them!

The "drug industry" is also commonly referred to as the "pharmaceutical industry." It is a segment of the healthcare sector that involves the research, development, production, and marketing of medications or drugs. This includes both prescription and over-the-counter medicines used to treat, cure, or prevent diseases and medical conditions in humans and animals.

The drug industry comprises various types of organizations, such as:

1. Research-based pharmaceutical companies: These are large corporations that focus on the research and development (R&D) of new drugs, clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals, manufacturing, and marketing their products globally. Examples include Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, and Merck.

2. Generic drug manufacturers: After the patent for a brand-name drug expires, generic drug manufacturers can produce and sell a similar version of the drug at a lower cost. These companies must demonstrate that their product is bioequivalent to the brand-name drug in terms of safety, quality, and efficacy.

3. Biotechnology companies: These firms specialize in developing drugs using biotechnological methods, such as recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy, or monoclonal antibodies. Many biotech companies focus on specific therapeutic areas, like oncology, immunology, or neurology.

4. Contract research organizations (CROs): CROs provide various services to the drug industry, including clinical trial management, data analysis, regulatory affairs support, and pharmacovigilance. They work with both large pharmaceutical companies and smaller biotech firms to help streamline the drug development process.

5. Drug delivery system companies: These organizations focus on developing innovative technologies for delivering drugs more effectively and safely to patients. Examples include transdermal patches, inhalers, or long-acting injectables.

6. Wholesalers and distributors: Companies that purchase drugs from manufacturers and distribute them to pharmacies, hospitals, and other healthcare providers.

The drug industry plays a crucial role in improving public health by discovering, developing, and delivering new treatments for various diseases and medical conditions. However, it is also subject to criticism and regulation due to concerns about high drug prices, marketing practices, and the potential for conflicts of interest between industry and healthcare professionals.

I believe you may have mixed up the terms "medicine" and "commerce." Commerce is a broad term that refers to the buying and selling of goods and services. It is not typically used in a medical context, so it does not have a specific medical definition. However, I can provide you with some related terms that might be helpful:

1. Medical commerce: This term generally refers to the business aspects of healthcare, such as the buying and selling of medical supplies, equipment, and services. It may also refer to the economic relationships between various stakeholders in the healthcare system, including providers, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and patients.
2. Telemedicine commerce: This term specifically refers to the use of technology to facilitate remote consultations and transactions between healthcare providers and patients. Examples include online appointment scheduling, virtual consultations, and electronic prescribing.
3. Medical tourism: This is a form of commerce where people travel to other countries to receive medical treatment or procedures that may be less expensive or more accessible than in their home country. It can also refer to the business of providing medical services to international patients.
4. Healthcare marketing: This term refers to the activities and strategies used by healthcare organizations to promote their products, services, and brands to potential customers. It includes advertising, public relations, social media, content marketing, and other tactics designed to build awareness, generate leads, and drive sales.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions or concerns.

'Drug legislation' refers to the laws and regulations that govern the production, distribution, sale, possession, and use of medications and pharmaceutical products within a given jurisdiction. These laws are designed to protect public health and safety by establishing standards for drug quality, ensuring appropriate prescribing and dispensing practices, preventing drug abuse and diversion, and promoting access to necessary medications. Drug legislation may also include provisions related to clinical trials, advertising, packaging, labeling, and reimbursement. Compliance with these regulations is typically enforced through a combination of government agencies, professional organizations, and legal penalties for non-compliance.

"Drug approval" is the process by which a regulatory agency, such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), grants formal authorization for a pharmaceutical company to market and sell a drug for a specific medical condition. The approval process is based on rigorous evaluation of clinical trial data to ensure that the drug is safe and effective for its intended use.

The FDA's approval process typically involves several stages, including preclinical testing in the lab and animal studies, followed by three phases of clinical trials in human subjects. The first phase tests the safety of the drug in a small group of healthy volunteers, while the second and third phases test the drug's efficacy and side effects in larger groups of patients with the medical condition for which the drug is intended.

If the results of these studies demonstrate that the drug is safe and effective, the pharmaceutical company can submit a New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologics License Application (BLA) to the FDA for review. The application includes data from the clinical trials, as well as information about the manufacturing process, labeling, and proposed use of the drug.

The FDA reviews the application and may seek input from independent experts before making a decision on whether to approve the drug. If approved, the drug can be marketed and sold to patients with the medical condition for which it was approved. The FDA continues to monitor the safety and efficacy of approved drugs after they reach the market to ensure that they remain safe and effective for their intended use.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mass Media" is not a term that has a medical definition. Mass media refers to the means of communication that reach large numbers of people simultaneously, such as television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet. It may be used in a public health context to discuss how information about health-related topics is disseminated to the general population. However, it is not a term that is typically used within the field of medicine to describe a specific medical concept or condition.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Product Packaging" is not a medical term. Product packaging generally refers to the process of designing and producing containers or wrapping for a product. This is typically a term used in the context of consumer goods, retail, and industrial manufacturing, rather than in medicine. In medicine, terms like "medication packaging" or "pharmaceutical packaging" might be used to refer to the specific ways that medications are packaged for distribution and use.

I apologize, but "Public Relations" is not a term that has a medical definition. Public relations is a field of study and practice that focuses on managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization and the public. It involves building and maintaining a positive reputation, handling crises, and fostering relationships with various stakeholders.

If you have any questions related to healthcare or medicine, I'd be happy to help. Just let me know!

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal government agency responsible for protecting public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our country's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. The FDA also provides guidance on the proper use of these products, and enforces laws and regulations related to them. It is part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and to improve their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior change to include social and environmental interventions that can positively influence the health of individuals, communities, and populations. Health promotion involves engaging in a wide range of activities, such as advocacy, policy development, community organization, and education that aim to create supportive environments and personal skills that foster good health. It is based on principles of empowerment, participation, and social justice.

Whistleblowing is not a medical term, but it can be relevant in the context of healthcare and medical ethics. Whistleblowing refers to the act of reporting or disclosing illegal, unethical, or otherwise questionable practices or activities within an organization, usually by a person who is insider to that organization. In the medical field, whistleblowing might involve reporting misconduct such as patient abuse, fraudulent billing, or violations of research ethics. Whistleblowers may face retaliation from their employers or colleagues, so many jurisdictions have laws and regulations in place to protect them.

Product surveillance, postmarketing refers to the ongoing monitoring and evaluation of a pharmaceutical or medical device product after it has been approved and released on the market. This process is used to detect any safety issues, adverse effects, or product performance concerns that may not have been identified during clinical trials. The data collected from postmarketing surveillance helps regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to make informed decisions about the continued use, modification, or withdrawal of a product from the market. Postmarketing surveillance is an essential component of post-market risk management and helps ensure the safety and efficacy of medical products throughout their lifecycle.

Government regulation in the context of medicine refers to the rules, guidelines, and laws established by government agencies to control, monitor, and standardize various aspects of healthcare. These regulations are designed to protect patients, promote public health, ensure quality of care, and regulate the healthcare industry. Examples of government regulation in medicine include:

1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for drug approval, medical device clearance, and food safety.
2. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) regulations for healthcare reimbursement, quality measures, and program eligibility.
3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations for workplace safety in healthcare settings.
4. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations to minimize environmental impacts from healthcare facilities and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
5. State medical boards' regulations for licensing, disciplining, and monitoring physicians and other healthcare professionals.
6. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations for patient privacy and data security.
7. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) regulations for laboratory testing quality and standards.
8. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulations to prevent deceptive or unfair trade practices in healthcare marketing and advertising.
9. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) guidelines for evidence-based practice and patient safety.
10. Public Health Service Act (PHSA) regulations related to infectious diseases, bioterrorism preparedness, and substance abuse treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Product Line Management" is not a medical term. It is a business and marketing concept that refers to the strategic alignment, planning, and execution of a product portfolio's development, introduction, and management within an organization. This function typically involves market research, competitive analysis, product development, launch, and eventual phase-out or revision.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Deception is not a medical term, but it is a concept that can be studied and applied in various fields including psychology, sociology, and forensics. In the context of medicine and healthcare, deception may refer to the act of misleading or providing false information to patients, research subjects, or healthcare providers. This can include situations where a patient is not fully informed about their medical condition or treatment options, or where researchers manipulate data or results in clinical trials. Deception can have serious ethical and legal implications, and it is generally considered unacceptable in medical practice and research.

"Food Legislation" refers to laws, regulations, and policies related to food production, distribution, labeling, safety, and marketing. These rules are designed to protect consumers from fraudulent or unsafe food practices, promote fair trade in the food industry, and ensure that food is produced and distributed in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. Food legislation can cover a wide range of issues, including foodborne illness outbreaks, pesticide residues, organic farming, genetically modified foods, and nutrition labeling. Compliance with food legislation is typically enforced by government agencies, such as the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the United States.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

In medical terms, "Radio" generally refers to the use of radiation in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions. This can include:

1. Diagnostic Radiology: This is the use of various imaging techniques that utilize different types of radiation to create detailed images of the internal structures of the body. Examples include X-rays, CT scans, and mammography.

2. Interventional Radiology: This is a medical subspecialty that uses minimally invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat various diseases. These procedures often involve the use of radiological imaging techniques to guide catheters or other small instruments through the body to the site of the disease.

3. Radiation Therapy: This is a type of cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

Remember, while radiation is a valuable tool in medicine, it must be used carefully to minimize potential risks such as damage to healthy tissues and the potential for developing secondary cancers.

A cartoon, in the context of medical definition, can refer to a simplified or exaggerated drawing or illustration that is used to explain complex medical concepts or procedures in a way that is easy for patients and their families to understand. These types of cartoons are often used in patient education materials, such as brochures, posters, and videos.

In addition, the term "cartoon" can also be used more broadly to refer to any humorous or satirical illustration that relates to medical topics or healthcare issues. These types of cartoons may appear in medical journals, newsletters, or other publications, and are often used to highlight problems within the healthcare system or to make light of certain aspects of medical practice.

Overall, the use of cartoons in a medical context is intended to help communicate important information in a way that is engaging, memorable, and accessible to a wide audience.

Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.

Alcoholic beverages are drinks that contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars, and starches. The amount of alcohol in a drink is measured in terms of "alcohol content" or "alcohol by volume" (ABV). Different types of alcoholic beverages include:

1. Beer: A fermented beverage made from grains, such as barley, wheat, or rye. The alcohol content of beer typically ranges from 3-6% ABV.
2. Wine: A fermented beverage made from grapes or other fruits. The alcohol content of wine usually falls between 10-15% ABV.
3. Spirits (or liquors): Distilled beverages with higher alcohol content, typically ranging from 40-50% ABV. Examples include vodka, whiskey, rum, gin, and tequila.
4. Fortified wines: Wines that have had a distilled spirit added to them, increasing their alcohol content. Examples include port, sherry, and madeira, which typically contain 17-20% ABV.
5. Malt beverages: Fermented beverages made from malted barley or other grains, with additional flavorings or sweeteners. These can range in alcohol content from around 4-8% ABV.

It is important to note that excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages can lead to various health issues, including addiction, liver disease, and an increased risk of accidents and injuries. Moderate drinking is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, although individual tolerance and sensitivity to alcohol may vary.

'Bedding and linens' is a term that refers to the items used to cover, clean, and maintain beds and other furniture in medical and residential settings. These items include:

1. Sheets: These are flat pieces of cloth that are placed on top of the mattress and beneath the blankets or comforters. They come in various sizes (twin, full, queen, king) to fit different mattress sizes.
2. Blankets/Comforters: These are thicker, often quilted or filled, pieces of fabric that provide warmth and comfort to the user.
3. Pillows and pillowcases: Pillows are used to support the head and neck during sleep, while pillowcases are the removable covers that protect the pillows from dirt, sweat, and stains.
4. Mattress pads/protectors: These are additional layers placed between the mattress and the sheets to provide extra protection against spills, stains, or allergens.
5. Bed skirts: These are decorative pieces of fabric that cover the space between the box spring and the floor, hiding any storage area or providing a more finished look to the bed.
6. Towels and washcloths: While not directly related to the bed, these linens are often included in the 'bedding and linens' category as they share similar cleaning and maintenance requirements.

In medical settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, strict infection control protocols are followed for handling, washing, and storing bedding and linens to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Drug labeling refers to the information that is provided on the packaging or container of a medication, as well as any accompanying promotional materials. This information is intended to provide healthcare professionals and patients with accurate and up-to-date data about the drug's composition, intended use, dosage, side effects, contraindications, and other important details that are necessary for safe and effective use.

The labeling of prescription drugs in the United States is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which requires manufacturers to submit proposed labeling as part of their new drug application. The FDA reviews the labeling to ensure that it is truthful, balanced, and not misleading, and provides accurate information about the drug's risks and benefits.

The labeling of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is also regulated by the FDA, but in this case, the agency has established a set of monographs that specify the conditions under which certain active ingredients can be used and the labeling requirements for each ingredient. Manufacturers of OTC drugs must ensure that their labeling complies with these monographs.

In addition to the information required by regulatory agencies, drug labeling may also include additional information provided by the manufacturer, such as detailed instructions for use, storage requirements, and any warnings or precautions that are necessary to ensure safe and effective use of the medication. It is important for healthcare professionals and patients to carefully review and understand all of the information provided on a drug's labeling before using the medication.

Public health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts of society." It focuses on improving the health and well-being of entire communities, populations, and societies, rather than individual patients. This is achieved through various strategies, including education, prevention, surveillance of diseases, and promotion of healthy behaviors and environments. Public health also addresses broader determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, housing, food, and income, which have a significant impact on the overall health of populations.

Off-label use refers to the practice of prescribing or using pharmaceutical drugs for purposes, dosages, patient populations, or routes of administration that are not included in the approved labeling of the drug by the regulatory authority, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is not illegal or unethical for physicians to prescribe medications off-label when they judge that it is medically appropriate for their patients. However, manufacturers are prohibited from promoting their drugs for off-label uses.

Social psychology is a branch of psychology that studies how individuals behave, think, and feel in social situations. It examines the ways in which people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Social psychologists seek to understand how we make sense of other people and how we understand ourselves in a social context. They study phenomena such as social influence, social perception, attitude change, group behavior, prejudice, aggression, and prosocial behavior.

In summary, social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by their social context and interactions with others.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "organizations" is a very broad term and does not have a specific medical definition. If you are referring to "organs" in the body, here is a definition:

Organs: In human anatomy, a part of the body that performs a specialized function. Organs are composed of several types of tissues, which are groups of cells that perform a similar function. Examples of organs include the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Each organ's tissue has a specific structure that allows it to carry out its function in a highly efficient manner.

If you were asking about organizations in the context of medical institutions or healthcare systems, here is a definition:

Healthcare Organization: An entity that provides healthcare services, such as hospitals, clinics, physician practices, and long-term care facilities. These organizations can be public, private, or nonprofit and are responsible for delivering medical care to patients, managing health information, conducting research, and promoting public health. They may also provide education and training to healthcare professionals. Healthcare organizations must comply with various regulations and accreditation standards to ensure the quality and safety of patient care.

"Public policy" is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of politics, government, and public administration. It refers to a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or organization to guide decisions and achieve specific goals related to public health, safety, or welfare.

However, in the context of healthcare and medicine, "public policy" often refers to laws, regulations, guidelines, and initiatives established by government entities to promote and protect the health and well-being of the population. Public policies in healthcare aim to ensure access to quality care, reduce health disparities, promote public health, regulate healthcare practices and industries, and address broader social determinants of health. Examples include Medicaid and Medicare programs, laws mandating insurance coverage for certain medical procedures or treatments, and regulations governing the safety and efficacy of drugs and medical devices.

A medical definition of 'food' would be:

"Substances consumed by living organisms, usually in the form of meals, which contain necessary nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. These substances are broken down during digestion to provide energy, build and repair tissues, and regulate bodily functions."

It's important to note that while this is a medical definition, it also aligns with common understanding of what food is.

Smokeless tobacco is a type of tobacco that is not burned or smoked. It's often called "spit" or "chewing" tobacco. The most common forms of smokeless tobacco in the United States are snuff and chewing tobacco. Snuff is a finely ground tobacco that can be dry or moist. Dry snuff is sniffed or taken through the nose, while moist snuff is placed between the lower lip or cheek and gum. Chewing tobacco is plugs, leaves, or twists of tobacco that are chewed or sucked on.

Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is addictive. When you use smokeless tobacco, the nicotine is absorbed through the lining of your mouth and goes directly into your bloodstream. This can lead to a rapid increase in nicotine levels in your body, which can make it harder to quit using tobacco.

Smokeless tobacco also contains harmful chemicals that can cause cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas. It can also cause other health problems, such as gum disease, tooth decay, and precancerous lesions in the mouth. Using smokeless tobacco can also increase your risk of developing heart disease and having a stroke.

The European Union (EU) is not a medical term or organization, but rather a political and economic union of 27 European countries. It is primarily involved in matters related to policy, law, and trade, and does not have a direct role in the provision or regulation of healthcare services, except in certain specific areas such as pharmaceutical regulations and cross-border healthcare directives.

Therefore, there is no medical definition for "European Union."

Menthol is a compound obtained from the crystals of the mint plant (Mentha arvensis). It is a white, crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature but becomes a clear, colorless, oily liquid when heated. Menthol has a cooling and soothing effect on mucous membranes, which makes it a common ingredient in over-the-counter products used to relieve symptoms of congestion, coughs, and sore throats. It is also used as a topical analgesic for its pain-relieving properties and as a flavoring agent in various products such as toothpaste, mouthwashes, and candies.

A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization has dual loyalties or is in a position to exploit their professional or personal relationships for personal or institutional gain. In the medical field, COIs can arise when healthcare providers, researchers, or institutions have financial or other interests that may influence their judgment or actions in providing care, conducting research, or making recommendations.

Examples of conflicts of interest in medicine include:

* A physician who has a financial relationship with a pharmaceutical company and receives compensation for promoting the company's products to patients or colleagues.
* A researcher who owns stock in a company that is funding their study and may stand to benefit financially from positive results.
* An institution that accepts funding from industry partners for research or educational programs, which could potentially influence the outcomes of the research or bias the education provided.

COIs can compromise the integrity of medical research, patient care, and professional judgment. Therefore, it is essential to disclose and manage COIs transparently to maintain trust in the healthcare system and ensure that decisions are made in the best interests of patients and society as a whole.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Television" is a consumer electronic device and does not have a medical definition. It is used for receiving and displaying broadcast television programs through an antenna, satellite dish, or cable provider. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Costs refer to the total amount of resources, such as money, time, and labor, that are expended in the provision of a medical service or treatment. Costs can be categorized into direct costs, which include expenses directly related to patient care, such as medication, supplies, and personnel; and indirect costs, which include overhead expenses, such as rent, utilities, and administrative salaries.

Cost analysis is the process of estimating and evaluating the total cost of a medical service or treatment. This involves identifying and quantifying all direct and indirect costs associated with the provision of care, and analyzing how these costs may vary based on factors such as patient volume, resource utilization, and reimbursement rates.

Cost analysis is an important tool for healthcare organizations to understand the financial implications of their operations and make informed decisions about resource allocation, pricing strategies, and quality improvement initiatives. It can also help policymakers and payers evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different treatment options and develop evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice.

Program Evaluation is a systematic and objective assessment of a healthcare program's design, implementation, and outcomes. It is a medical term used to describe the process of determining the relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency of a program in achieving its goals and objectives. Program evaluation involves collecting and analyzing data related to various aspects of the program, such as its reach, impact, cost-effectiveness, and quality. The results of program evaluation can be used to improve the design and implementation of existing programs or to inform the development of new ones. It is a critical tool for ensuring that healthcare programs are meeting the needs of their intended audiences and delivering high-quality care in an efficient and effective manner.

Medical tourism is defined as the practice of traveling to another country to receive medical, dental, or surgical care while also taking advantage of vacation activities in that location. This may be due to lower costs, shorter wait times, or access to treatments not available in one's home country. Medical tourists may seek various forms of healthcare, including elective procedures, complex surgeries, and alternative therapies. It is important for individuals considering medical tourism to thoroughly research the quality and credentials of the healthcare providers and facilities they are considering, as well as understand any potential risks and legal implications associated with receiving care abroad.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Financial Support" is not a medical term. It generally refers to the provision of money or other financial resources to help meet expenses or needs. In a healthcare context, it might refer to assistance provided to patients who are unable to afford their medical costs, such as through insurance, government programs, or charitable organizations. However, there is no specific medical definition for this term.

Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding and raising animals for agricultural purposes, such as for the production of meat, milk, eggs, or fiber. It involves providing proper care for the animals, including feeding, housing, health care, and breeding management. The goal of animal husbandry is to maintain healthy and productive animals while also being mindful of environmental sustainability and animal welfare.

Product labeling, in the context of medicine or healthcare, refers to the information that is required by law to be present on the packaging of a pharmaceutical product or medical device. This information typically includes:

1. The name of the product, often with an active ingredient listed separately.
2. A description of what the product is used for (indications).
3. Dosage instructions and route of administration.
4. Warnings about potential side effects, contraindications, and precautions.
5. The name and address of the manufacturer or distributor.
6. The expiration date or storage conditions, if applicable.
7. Any other relevant information, such as whether the product is subject to additional monitoring.

The purpose of product labeling is to provide accurate and standardized information to healthcare professionals and patients about the safe and effective use of a medical product. It helps to ensure that the product is used appropriately, reducing the risk of adverse events or misuse.

Consumer satisfaction in a medical context refers to the degree to which a patient or their family is content with the healthcare services, products, or experiences they have received. It is a measure of how well the healthcare delivery aligns with the patient's expectations, needs, and preferences. Factors that contribute to consumer satisfaction may include the quality of care, communication and interpersonal skills of healthcare providers, accessibility and convenience, affordability, and outcomes. High consumer satisfaction is associated with better adherence to treatment plans, improved health outcomes, and higher patient loyalty.

Business ethics refers to the principles and values that guide the conduct of individuals and organizations in the business community. It involves making decisions and taking actions based on moral and ethical considerations, such as honesty, fairness, respect, and integrity. The goal of business ethics is to create a positive and responsible culture within an organization that promotes trust, reputation, and long-term success.

Business ethics covers a wide range of topics, including corporate social responsibility, environmental sustainability, employee rights and treatment, financial reporting and transparency, and marketing practices. It also involves addressing ethical dilemmas and conflicts that may arise in the workplace, such as discrimination, harassment, and conflicts of interest.

Having a strong foundation in business ethics is essential for any organization that wants to maintain a positive reputation, build trust with stakeholders, and comply with legal and regulatory requirements. It can also help attract and retain talented employees, improve financial performance, and foster a positive work culture.

I believe you are asking for a medical explanation or definition of "candy," which is not a term typically used in the medical field. However, I can provide some context regarding how it may be discussed in a medical setting.

Candy, also known as sweets or confectionery, generally refers to sugary snacks and treats. In a medical context, excessive consumption of candy can contribute to dental caries (cavities), obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other health issues related to poor nutrition and high sugar intake.

Healthcare professionals may advise patients, particularly children, to limit their candy consumption due to these potential health risks. Additionally, candies that contain ingredients like nuts or allergens can pose a risk for individuals with specific food allergies.

"Drug and narcotic control" refers to the regulation and oversight of drugs and narcotics, including their production, distribution, and use. This is typically carried out by governmental agencies in order to ensure public safety, prevent abuse and diversion, and protect the health of individuals. The goal of drug and narcotic control is to strike a balance between making sure that medications are available for legitimate medical purposes while also preventing their misuse and illegal sale.

Drug control policies may include measures such as licensing and registration of manufacturers, distributors, and pharmacies; tracking and monitoring of controlled substances; setting standards for prescription practices; and enforcement of laws and regulations related to drug use and trafficking. Narcotic control specifically refers to the regulation of drugs that have a high potential for abuse and are subject to international treaties, such as opioids.

It's important to note that while these regulations aim to protect public health and safety, they can also be controversial and have unintended consequences, such as contributing to drug shortages or creating barriers to access for people who need controlled substances for legitimate medical reasons.

Consumer Product Safety refers to the measures taken to ensure that products intended for consumer use are free from unreasonable risks of injury or illness. This is typically overseen by regulatory bodies, such as the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in the United States, which establishes safety standards, tests products, and recalls dangerous ones.

The definition of 'Consumer Product' can vary but generally refers to any article, or component part thereof, produced or distributed (i) for sale to a consumer for use in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, a school, in recreation, or otherwise; (ii) for the personal use, consumption or enjoyment of a consumer in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, a school, in recreation, or otherwise; (iii) for sensory evaluation and direct physical contact by a consumer in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, a school, in recreation, or otherwise.

The safety measures can include various aspects such as design, manufacturing, packaging, and labeling of the product to ensure that it is safe for its intended use. This includes ensuring that the product does not contain any harmful substances, that it functions as intended, and that it comes with clear instructions for use and any necessary warnings.

It's important to note that even with these safety measures in place, it is still possible for products to cause injury or illness if they are used improperly or if they malfunction. Therefore, it is also important for consumers to be aware of the risks associated with the products they use and to take appropriate precautions.

Health education is the process of providing information and strategies to individuals and communities about how to improve their health and prevent disease. It involves teaching and learning activities that aim to empower people to make informed decisions and take responsible actions regarding their health. Health education covers a wide range of topics, including nutrition, physical activity, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, substance abuse prevention, and environmental health. The ultimate goal of health education is to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles that can lead to improved health outcomes and quality of life.

In the context of medical law and ethics, fraud refers to a deliberate and intentional deception or misrepresentation of facts, motivated by personal gain, which is made by a person or entity in a position of trust, such as a healthcare professional or organization. This deception can occur through various means, including the provision of false information, the concealment of important facts, or the manipulation of data.

Medical fraud can take many forms, including:

1. Billing fraud: This occurs when healthcare providers submit false claims to insurance companies or government programs like Medicare and Medicaid for services that were not provided, were unnecessary, or were more expensive than the services actually rendered.
2. Prescription fraud: Healthcare professionals may engage in prescription fraud by writing unnecessary prescriptions for controlled substances, such as opioids, for their own use or to sell on the black market. They may also alter prescriptions or use stolen identities to obtain these drugs.
3. Research fraud: Scientists and researchers can commit fraud by manipulating or falsifying data in clinical trials, experiments, or studies to support predetermined outcomes or to secure funding and recognition.
4. Credentialing fraud: Healthcare professionals may misrepresent their qualifications, licenses, or certifications to gain employment or admitting privileges at healthcare facilities.
5. Identity theft: Stealing someone's personal information to obtain medical services, prescription medications, or insurance benefits is another form of medical fraud.

Medical fraud not only has severe legal consequences for those found guilty but also undermines the trust between patients and healthcare providers, jeopardizes patient safety, and contributes to rising healthcare costs.

In the context of healthcare, "policy" refers to a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization or government to guide and determine its decisions, actions, and responses to issues related to the provision, financing, and regulation of health and healthcare services. Health policies are formulated to address various aspects such as access to care, quality of care, cost containment, medical research, public health, and patient safety. They can be established through legislation, regulations, guidelines, protocols, or organizational rules and may be aimed at various stakeholders, including healthcare providers, payers, patients, and the general public.

An "Orphan Drug" is a pharmaceutical agent that is developed to treat a rare medical condition, disorder, or disease that affects a small number of people in comparison to other conditions. In the United States, this is defined as a condition or disease that affects fewer than 200,000 people nationwide. Due to the limited market for these drugs, pharmaceutical companies are often reluctant to invest in their development and production.

"Orphan Drug Production," therefore, refers to the manufacturing process of these rare disease treatments. To encourage the development and production of orphan drugs, governments and regulatory agencies offer incentives such as tax credits, grants, and exclusive marketing rights for a certain period of time. These measures help offset the higher costs and lower profit margins associated with developing and producing orphan drugs, ultimately benefiting patients with rare diseases who often have few or no treatment options available to them.

"Harm reduction" is a public health strategy and philosophy that seeks to minimize the negative health, social, and economic consequences associated with various human behaviors, including the use of substances such as drugs and alcohol. The goal of harm reduction is not necessarily to eliminate these behaviors but rather to reduce the potential harm that can come from them.

Examples of harm reduction strategies include providing access to clean needles for people who inject drugs, in order to prevent the spread of bloodborne diseases like HIV and hepatitis C; offering supervised consumption sites where people can use drugs under medical supervision, reducing the risk of overdose; and providing opioid agonist therapy (such as methadone or buprenorphine) to help individuals manage their dependence on opioids and reduce the risks associated with illicit drug use.

Harm reduction recognizes that abstinence may not be a realistic goal for everyone, and seeks to meet people where they are at in terms of their substance use, while still providing them with the support and resources they need to improve their health and well-being.

Pharmaceutical preparations refer to the various forms of medicines that are produced by pharmaceutical companies, which are intended for therapeutic or prophylactic use. These preparations consist of an active ingredient (the drug) combined with excipients (inactive ingredients) in a specific formulation and dosage form.

The active ingredient is the substance that has a therapeutic effect on the body, while the excipients are added to improve the stability, palatability, bioavailability, or administration of the drug. Examples of pharmaceutical preparations include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, ointments, creams, and injections.

The production of pharmaceutical preparations involves a series of steps that ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the final product. These steps include the selection and testing of raw materials, formulation development, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, and storage. Each step is governed by strict regulations and guidelines to ensure that the final product meets the required standards for use in medical practice.

Food preferences are personal likes or dislikes towards certain types of food or drinks, which can be influenced by various factors such as cultural background, individual experiences, taste, texture, smell, appearance, and psychological factors. Food preferences can also be shaped by dietary habits, nutritional needs, health conditions, and medication requirements. They play a significant role in shaping an individual's dietary choices and overall eating behavior, which can have implications for their nutritional status, growth, development, and long-term health outcomes.

Data collection in the medical context refers to the systematic gathering of information relevant to a specific research question or clinical situation. This process involves identifying and recording data elements, such as demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, and imaging studies, from various sources including patient interviews, medical records, and diagnostic tests. The data collected is used to support clinical decision-making, inform research hypotheses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. It is essential that data collection is performed in a standardized and unbiased manner to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Financial Audit" is not a medical term. It belongs to the field of accounting and finance. A financial audit is an independent examination of an organization's financial records, statements, and accounting practices to ensure that they are accurate, complete, and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. This process is conducted by professional auditors who are unbiased and independent from the organization being audited.

Economic competition in the context of healthcare and medicine generally refers to the rivalry among healthcare providers, organizations, or pharmaceutical companies competing for patients, resources, market share, or funding. This competition can drive innovation, improve quality of care, and increase efficiency. However, it can also lead to cost-containment measures that may negatively impact patient care and safety.

In the pharmaceutical industry, economic competition exists between different companies developing and marketing similar drugs. This competition can result in lower prices for consumers and incentives for innovation, but it can also lead to unethical practices such as price gouging or misleading advertising.

Regulation and oversight are crucial to ensure that economic competition in healthcare and medicine promotes the well-being of patients and the public while discouraging harmful practices.

Health policy refers to a set of decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a population. It is formulated by governmental and non-governmental organizations with the objective of providing guidance and direction for the management and delivery of healthcare services. Health policies address various aspects of healthcare, including access, financing, quality, and equity. They can be designed to promote health, prevent disease, and provide treatment and rehabilitation services to individuals who are sick or injured. Effective health policies require careful consideration of scientific evidence, ethical principles, and societal values to ensure that they meet the needs of the population while being fiscally responsible.

In a medical context, "meat" generally refers to the flesh of animals that is consumed as food. This includes muscle tissue, as well as fat and other tissues that are often found in meat products. However, it's worth noting that some people may have dietary restrictions or medical conditions that prevent them from consuming meat, so it's always important to consider individual preferences and needs when discussing food options.

It's also worth noting that the consumption of meat can have both positive and negative health effects. On the one hand, meat is a good source of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients. On the other hand, consuming large amounts of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it's generally recommended to consume meat in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

'Guidelines' in the medical context are systematically developed statements or sets of recommendations designed to assist healthcare professionals and patients in making informed decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. They are based on a thorough evaluation of the available evidence, including scientific studies, expert opinions, and patient values. Guidelines may cover a wide range of topics, such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention, screening, and management of various diseases and conditions. They aim to standardize care, improve patient outcomes, reduce unnecessary variations in practice, and promote efficient use of healthcare resources.

"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices" (HKAP) is a term used in public health to refer to the knowledge, beliefs, assumptions, and behaviors that individuals possess or engage in that are related to health. Here's a brief definition of each component:

1. Health Knowledge: Refers to the factual information and understanding that individuals have about various health-related topics, such as anatomy, physiology, disease processes, and healthy behaviors.
2. Attitudes: Represent the positive or negative evaluations, feelings, or dispositions that people hold towards certain health issues, practices, or services. These attitudes can influence their willingness to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors.
3. Practices: Encompass the specific actions or habits that individuals engage in related to their health, such as dietary choices, exercise routines, hygiene practices, and use of healthcare services.

HKAP is a multidimensional concept that helps public health professionals understand and address various factors influencing individual and community health outcomes. By assessing and addressing knowledge gaps, negative attitudes, or unhealthy practices, interventions can be designed to promote positive behavior change and improve overall health status.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Packaging" is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe the process and materials used to package food products to protect them from contamination, damage, and to provide information about the product. Medical definitions are typically related to diseases, conditions, treatments, or anatomical terms. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help with those!

Public-Private Sector Partnerships (PPPs) in the context of healthcare, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), are "arrangements between public and private sector entities based on clearly defined roles and responsibilities, where all participants share risks and benefits, in which a significant portion of the investment and/or risk is taken on by the private sector partner(s) for the delivery of an essential healthcare service."

PPPs can take various forms, such as:

1. Service contracts: The public sector hires a private company to manage and operate specific services.
2. Management contracts: A private entity manages and operates public health facilities or services while the ownership remains with the government.
3. Public-private mixed ownership: Both public and private sectors share ownership of an enterprise, often through joint ventures.
4. Lease agreements: The government leases its healthcare infrastructure to a private company for management and operation.
5. Joint financing arrangements: Both public and private sectors contribute funds towards the development or expansion of healthcare services.
6. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives: Private companies support healthcare projects as part of their CSR commitments.

PPPs aim to improve access, quality, and efficiency in healthcare delivery while promoting innovation and financial sustainability. However, they also pose challenges related to governance, accountability, and potential conflicts of interest. Therefore, careful planning, monitoring, and evaluation are essential for successful PPPs in the healthcare sector.

An abattoir is a facility where animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. It is also known as a slaughterhouse. The term "abattoir" comes from the French word "abattre," which means "to take down" or "slaughter." In an abattoir, animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and chickens are killed and then butchered into smaller pieces of meat that can be sold to consumers.

Abattoirs must follow strict regulations to ensure the humane treatment of animals and the safety of the meat products they produce. These regulations cover various aspects of the slaughtering and processing process, including animal handling, stunning, bleeding, evisceration, and inspection. The goal of these regulations is to minimize the risk of contamination and ensure that the meat is safe for human consumption.

It's important to note that while abattoirs play an essential role in providing a reliable source of protein for humans, they can also be controversial due to concerns about animal welfare and the environmental impact of large-scale animal agriculture.

Tobacco products are defined as any items that contain tobacco, including but not limited to cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff, chewing tobacco, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (such as e-cigarettes). These products can be smoked, smokeless, or heated and involve the inhalation or ingestion of tobacco or its derivatives. They are known to cause addiction due to their nicotine content and can lead to a variety of serious health problems, including cancer, heart disease, and lung disease.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "public opinion" is not a term that has a medical definition. Public opinion refers to the collective views, attitudes, and beliefs held by a group or society about a particular issue or topic. It is typically formed through interaction, discussion, and various forms of communication within a community or population. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medicine, I'd be happy to help with those!

I believe there might be a slight confusion in your question. The "food processing industry" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used to describe the branch of manufacturing that involves transforming raw agricultural ingredients into food products for commercial sale.

The food-processing industry includes activities such as:

1. Cleaning and grading raw food materials
2. Preservation through canning, freezing, refrigeration, or dehydration
3. Preparation of food by chopping, cooking, baking, or mixing
4. Packaging and labeling of the final food product

While not a medical term, it is still relevant to the medical field as processed foods can impact human health, both positively and negatively. For example, processing can help preserve nutrients, increase food safety, and make certain foods more accessible and convenient. However, overly processed foods often contain high levels of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats, which can contribute to various health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and management of reproductive health disorders, including infertility, sexual dysfunction, and other reproductive system-related issues. It involves a multidisciplinary approach, combining expertise from various medical specialties such as obstetrics, gynecology, endocrinology, urology, and genetics.

Reproductive medicine encompasses several areas of focus, including:

1. Infertility treatment: Utilizing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and other techniques to help individuals or couples conceive.
2. Contraception: Providing various methods for family planning, including hormonal contraceptives, barrier methods, and permanent sterilization procedures.
3. Sexual dysfunction: Addressing issues related to sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain through medical interventions, counseling, or surgical treatments.
4. Reproductive endocrinology: Managing hormonal imbalances affecting reproductive health, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hypogonadism.
5. Genetic counseling and testing: Assessing the risk of inheritable genetic disorders and providing guidance on family planning options.
6. Menopause management: Offering treatments for symptoms associated with menopause, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes.
7. Fertility preservation: Providing options for individuals facing cancer treatment or other medical conditions that may impact their future fertility, including egg, sperm, and embryo freezing.
8. Adolescent reproductive health: Addressing the unique needs of adolescents related to sexual and reproductive health, including education, counseling, and preventative care.
9. Andrology: Focusing on male reproductive health, including issues related to sperm production, function, and genital abnormalities.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "lobbying" is not a term that has a medical definition. Lobbying refers to the act of attempting to influence decisions made by legislators or other officials in favor of specific causes or outcomes. It is commonly used to describe advocacy efforts by various interest groups, including healthcare organizations and pharmaceutical companies, to shape health policy and regulations. However, it is not a medical term with a specific clinical meaning.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Technology" is not a term that has a widely recognized medical definition. It is a multidisciplinary field involving aspects of food science, chemical engineering, and nutrition, among others, which deals with the production, preservation, and packaging of food products to make them safe, nutritious, and appealing.

However, if you're asking about how certain food technologies or food components might have medical implications, I could provide some information on that front. For example, there are various food technologies used in the processing and preparation of foods that can affect their nutritional content, safety, and potential health benefits or risks. Some examples include:

* Fortification: adding essential nutrients to foods to prevent deficiencies (e.g., adding folic acid to bread and cereals)
* Pasteurization: heating food to kill harmful bacteria and extend shelf life (e.g., milk, juice, and some prepared foods)
* Irradiation: exposing food to low levels of radiation to reduce or eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life (e.g., spices, herbs, and some fruits and vegetables)
* Food additives: substances added to food for various purposes, such as preservation, coloring, flavoring, or texturizing (e.g., artificial sweeteners, food dyes, and emulsifiers)

Each of these technologies and components can have potential medical implications, both positive and negative, depending on the specific application and individual factors. For example, fortification can help prevent nutrient deficiencies and improve public health, while certain food additives or processing methods may be associated with adverse health effects in some people.

If you have a more specific question about how a particular food technology or component might relate to medical issues, I'd be happy to try to provide more information based on the available evidence!

Insecticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest, including insects, arachnids, or other related pests. They can be chemical or biological agents that disrupt the growth, development, or behavior of these organisms, leading to their death or incapacitation. Insecticides are widely used in agriculture, public health, and residential settings for pest control. However, they must be used with caution due to potential risks to non-target organisms and the environment.

Consumer health information (CHI) refers to the resources and materials that provide health information and education to the general public, who are not necessarily healthcare professionals. CHI is designed to be understandable and accessible to laypeople, and it covers a wide range of topics related to health and wellness, including:

* Diseases and conditions
* Preventive care and healthy lifestyles
* Medications and treatments
* Medical tests and procedures
* Healthcare services and facilities
* Patient rights and responsibilities

CHI can be found in various formats, such as pamphlets, brochures, websites, videos, podcasts, and social media. It is essential to ensure that CHI is accurate, unbiased, and up-to-date to help consumers make informed decisions about their health and healthcare. The goal of CHI is to empower individuals to take an active role in managing their health and making healthcare choices that are right for them.

A "Food Inspection" is not a medical term per se, but rather it falls under the purview of public health and food safety. It refers to the process of examining, testing, and evaluating food products, production processes, and establishments to ensure they comply with regulatory standards, guidelines, and laws established to protect consumers from foodborne illnesses, allergens, chemical contaminants, and other potential hazards.

The inspection can be carried out by governmental agencies, such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), or local health departments, at various stages of food production, processing, distribution, and retail sale. The primary goal is to minimize the risk of contamination, ensure proper labeling, and maintain the overall safety and integrity of the food supply chain.

While not a medical definition, it's important to note that food inspections play a crucial role in preventing foodborne illnesses, which can lead to significant health complications for vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting Systems are spontaneous reporting systems used for monitoring the safety of authorized medicines in clinical practice. These systems collect and manage reports of suspected adverse drug reactions from healthcare professionals, patients, and pharmaceutical companies. The primary objective of ADR reporting systems is to identify new risks or previously unrecognized risks associated with the use of a medication, monitor the frequency and severity of known adverse effects, and contribute to post-marketing surveillance and pharmacovigilance activities.

Healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses, are encouraged to voluntarily report any suspected adverse drug reactions they encounter during their practice. In some countries, patients can also directly report any suspected adverse reactions they experience after taking a medication. Pharmaceutical companies are obligated to submit reports of adverse events identified through their own pharmacovigilance activities or from post-marketing surveillance studies.

The data collected through ADR reporting systems are analyzed to identify signals, which are defined as new, changing, or unknown safety concerns related to a medicine or vaccine. Signals are further investigated and evaluated for causality and clinical significance. If a signal is confirmed, regulatory actions may be taken, such as updating the product label, issuing safety communications, or restricting the use of the medication.

Examples of ADR reporting systems include the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) EudraVigilance, and the World Health Organization's (WHO) Uppsala Monitoring Centre.

In a medical context, documentation refers to the process of recording and maintaining written or electronic records of a patient's health status, medical history, treatment plans, medications, and other relevant information. The purpose of medical documentation is to provide clear and accurate communication among healthcare providers, to support clinical decision-making, to ensure continuity of care, to meet legal and regulatory requirements, and to facilitate research and quality improvement initiatives.

Medical documentation typically includes various types of records such as:

1. Patient's demographic information, including name, date of birth, gender, and contact details.
2. Medical history, including past illnesses, surgeries, allergies, and family medical history.
3. Physical examination findings, laboratory and diagnostic test results, and diagnoses.
4. Treatment plans, including medications, therapies, procedures, and follow-up care.
5. Progress notes, which document the patient's response to treatment and any changes in their condition over time.
6. Consultation notes, which record communication between healthcare providers regarding a patient's care.
7. Discharge summaries, which provide an overview of the patient's hospital stay, including diagnoses, treatments, and follow-up plans.

Medical documentation must be clear, concise, accurate, and timely, and it should adhere to legal and ethical standards. Healthcare providers are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of patients' medical records and ensuring that they are accessible only to authorized personnel.

The Health Care Sector is a segment of the economy that includes companies and organizations that provide goods and services to treat patients with medical conditions, as well as those that work to maintain people's health through preventative care and health education. This sector includes hospitals, clinics, physician practices, dental practices, pharmacies, home health care agencies, nursing homes, laboratories, and medical device manufacturers, among others.

The Health Care Sector is often broken down into several subsectors, including:

1. Providers of healthcare services, such as hospitals, clinics, and physician practices.
2. Payers of healthcare costs, such as insurance companies and government agencies like Medicare and Medicaid.
3. Manufacturers of healthcare products, such as medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology products.
4. Distributors of healthcare products, such as wholesalers and pharmacy benefit managers.
5. Providers of healthcare information technology, such as electronic health record systems and telemedicine platforms.

The Health Care Sector is a significant contributor to the economy in many countries, providing employment opportunities and contributing to economic growth. However, it also faces significant challenges, including rising costs, an aging population, and increasing demands for access to high-quality care.

An "attitude to health" is a set of beliefs, values, and behaviors that an individual holds regarding their own health and well-being. It encompasses their overall approach to maintaining good health, preventing illness, seeking medical care, and managing any existing health conditions.

A positive attitude to health typically includes:

1. A belief in the importance of self-care and taking responsibility for one's own health.
2. Engaging in regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and avoiding harmful behaviors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. Regular check-ups and screenings to detect potential health issues early on.
4. Seeking medical care when necessary and following recommended treatment plans.
5. A willingness to learn about and implement new healthy habits and lifestyle changes.
6. Developing a strong support network of family, friends, and healthcare professionals.

On the other hand, a negative attitude to health may involve:

1. Neglecting self-care and failing to take responsibility for one's own health.
2. Engaging in unhealthy behaviors such as sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, lack of sleep, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. Avoidance of regular check-ups and screenings, leading to delayed detection and treatment of potential health issues.
4. Resistance to seeking medical care or following recommended treatment plans.
5. Closed-mindedness towards new healthy habits and lifestyle changes.
6. Lack of a support network or reluctance to seek help from others.

Overall, an individual's attitude to health can significantly impact their physical and mental well-being, as well as their ability to manage and overcome any health challenges that may arise.

Tobacco is not a medical term, but it refers to the leaves of the plant Nicotiana tabacum that are dried and fermented before being used in a variety of ways. Medically speaking, tobacco is often referred to in the context of its health effects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "tobacco" can also refer to any product prepared from the leaf of the tobacco plant for smoking, sucking, chewing or snuffing.

Tobacco use is a major risk factor for a number of diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, and various other medical conditions. The smoke produced by burning tobacco contains thousands of chemicals, many of which are toxic and can cause serious health problems. Nicotine, one of the primary active constituents in tobacco, is highly addictive and can lead to dependence.

"Communications media" is a broad term that refers to the various means by which information or messages are transmitted from one person or group to another. In the context of healthcare and medicine, communications media can include both traditional and electronic methods used to share patient information, medical research, and other health-related data.

Traditional communications media in healthcare may include written documents such as medical records, charts, and reports, as well as verbal communication between healthcare providers and patients or among healthcare professionals.

Electronic communications media, on the other hand, refer to digital technologies used to transmit and store information. Examples of electronic communications media in healthcare include:

1. Electronic Health Records (EHRs): Digital versions of a patient's medical history and records, which can be shared among authorized healthcare providers.
2. Telemedicine: The use of telecommunication and information technologies to provide healthcare services remotely, allowing patients and healthcare professionals to communicate via video conferencing, phone calls, or messaging platforms.
3. Health Information Exchanges (HIEs): Secure, electronic networks that enable the sharing of health-related data among authorized healthcare organizations, providers, and patients.
4. Medical Imaging Systems: Digital systems used for storing, accessing, and sharing medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
5. Personal Health Applications (mHealth): Mobile applications and wearable devices that allow individuals to monitor their health, track fitness goals, and manage chronic conditions.

Effective communication media are crucial in healthcare for ensuring accurate diagnoses, coordinating care, improving patient outcomes, and conducting medical research. It is essential to maintain confidentiality, privacy, and security when using electronic communications media to protect sensitive health information.

"Institutional practice," in the context of medical care, generally refers to medical services or procedures that are routinely provided as part of standard practices within a healthcare institution, such as a hospital or clinic. These practices are often based on established guidelines, protocols, or best practices that have been developed and adopted by the institution to ensure high-quality patient care and consistent outcomes.

Institutional practice may also refer to medical services or procedures that are provided within the context of a specific institutional setting, such as inpatient care versus outpatient care. Additionally, it can refer to medical practices that are unique to a particular institution, based on its resources, expertise, or patient population.

Overall, institutional practice is an important concept in healthcare, as it reflects the standardization and coordination of medical care within a specific setting, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and ensuring the safe and effective delivery of medical services.

I'm happy to help, but I must clarify that "planning techniques" is not a medical term per se. However, in the context of healthcare and medicine, planning techniques can refer to various methods and approaches used to organize, coordinate, and implement care plans for patients. These techniques are often utilized by healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and social workers, to ensure that patients receive high-quality, evidence-based care that meets their individual needs and goals.

Here are some examples of planning techniques commonly used in healthcare:

1. Advance Care Planning (ACP): A process that helps individuals plan for future medical care in the event they become unable to make decisions for themselves. This can include creating an advance directive, such as a living will or healthcare power of attorney.
2. Goal-Setting: A collaborative process between patients and healthcare providers to establish specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for treatment and care.
3. Care Mapping: A visual tool used to map out a patient's care plan, including their medical history, diagnoses, treatments, and support needs. This can help healthcare providers coordinate care and ensure that all team members are on the same page.
4. Root Cause Analysis (RCA): A problem-solving technique used to identify the underlying causes of medical errors or adverse events, with the goal of preventing similar incidents from occurring in the future.
5. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA): A proactive risk assessment tool used to identify potential failures in a system or process, and to develop strategies to mitigate those risks.
6. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycle: A continuous quality improvement technique that involves planning a change, implementing the change, studying its effects, and then acting on the results to make further improvements.

These are just a few examples of the many planning techniques used in healthcare. The specific methods and approaches used will depend on the individual patient's needs, as well as the context and resources available within the healthcare system.

Community networks, in the context of public health and medical care, typically refer to local or regional networks of healthcare providers, organizations, and resources that work together to provide integrated and coordinated care to a defined population. These networks can include hospitals, clinics, primary care providers, specialists, mental health services, home health agencies, and other community-based organizations.

The goal of community networks is to improve the overall health outcomes of the population they serve by ensuring that individuals have access to high-quality, coordinated care that meets their unique needs. Community networks can also help to reduce healthcare costs by preventing unnecessary hospitalizations and emergency department visits through better management of chronic conditions and prevention efforts.

Effective community networks require strong partnerships, clear communication, and a shared commitment to improving the health of the community. They may be organized around geographic boundaries, such as a city or county, or around specific populations, such as individuals with chronic illnesses or low-income communities.

I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "information dissemination" is not a medical term per se, but rather a general term used in various fields, including healthcare and medicine. It refers to the process of spreading or distributing information to a specific audience or the public.

In the context of medicine and healthcare, information dissemination often relates to sharing clinical guidelines, research findings, public health messages, or patient education materials with healthcare professionals, patients, or the general public. This can occur through various channels, such as scientific conferences, peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, websites, social media platforms, and other communication methods.

The goal of information dissemination in medicine is to ensure that accurate, evidence-based, and up-to-date information reaches the intended audience, ultimately improving healthcare quality, patient outcomes, and decision-making processes.

I apologize, but "Canada" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in North America, known for its vast wilderness, multicultural cities, and significant natural resources. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terms, I would be happy to help answer those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Financial Management" is not a medical term. Financial management refers to the process of managing the financial resources, such as budgeting, investing, raising funds, and planning for an organization or individual. It involves the application of management principles to the financial functions of an organization.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Library Surveys" is not a recognized medical term or concept. It seems that there might be a misunderstanding, as "library surveys" typically refers to the process of gathering information or data from library users or communities about their needs, experiences, and satisfaction with library resources, services, and facilities.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare concepts, please let me know and I would be happy to help.

Food labeling is the practice of providing written information about the characteristics and contents of food products, typically on the packaging or container in which they are sold. In a medical context, accurate and clear food labeling is essential for individuals with dietary restrictions due to medical conditions such as food allergies, intolerances, or chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes).

Standardized food labeling guidelines help consumers make informed decisions about the foods they consume, allowing them to avoid potential health risks and maintain a balanced diet. Components of food labels often include:

1. Product identity: The name of the food product and its intended use.
2. Net quantity declaration: The amount of the food product contained in the package, expressed in both metric and customary units (e.g., grams or ounces).
3. Ingredient list: A comprehensive list of all ingredients included in the food product, arranged in descending order by weight. This is particularly important for individuals with food allergies or intolerances, as it allows them to identify and avoid specific allergens (e.g., milk, eggs, peanuts).
4. Nutrition facts panel: A standardized format presenting the nutritional content of the food product per serving, including information on calories, total fat, saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, sugars, protein, and various vitamins and minerals.
5. Nutrient content claims: Voluntary statements made by manufacturers regarding the level of a nutrient in a food product (e.g., "low fat," "high fiber"). These claims must adhere to strict guidelines established by regulatory bodies to ensure accuracy and consistency.
6. Health claims: Statements linking a specific food or food component to a reduced risk of a particular disease or health-related condition (e.g., "a diet rich in whole grains may reduce the risk of heart disease"). Like nutrient content claims, health claims are subject to strict regulatory oversight.
7. Special dietary statements: Labeling statements indicating that a food product is suitable for specific dietary uses or restrictions (e.g., "gluten-free," "kosher," "vegan"). These statements help consumers with special dietary needs quickly identify appropriate food options.
8. Allergen labeling: Mandatory identification of the presence of any of the eight major food allergens (milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans) in a food product. This information must be clearly displayed in the ingredient list or as a separate "contains" statement.
9. Warning statements: Required labeling of specific health risks associated with the consumption of certain food products (e.g., "consuming raw or undercooked meats, poultry, seafood, shellfish, or eggs may increase your risk of foodborne illness").
10. Country of origin labeling: Identification of the country where a food product was produced, grown, or packaged. This information helps consumers make informed decisions about their food purchases based on factors such as quality, safety, and environmental concerns.

Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions refer to any unintended or harmful outcome that occurs during the use of a medication. These reactions can be mild or severe and may include predictable, known responses (side effects) as well as unexpected, idiosyncratic reactions (adverse effects). Side effects are typically related to the pharmacologic properties of the drug and occur at therapeutic doses, while adverse reactions may result from allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, overdoses, or interactions with other medications or substances.

Side effects are often dose-dependent and can be managed by adjusting the dose, frequency, or route of administration. Adverse reactions, on the other hand, may require discontinuation of the medication or treatment with antidotes or supportive care. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for any signs of drug-related side effects and adverse reactions and to take appropriate action when necessary.

"Legislation as Topic" is a legal term that refers to laws, regulations, or statutes related to medicine, healthcare, and the medical field. This can include legislation regarding the practice of medicine, patient rights, healthcare financing, medical research, pharmaceuticals, and public health, among other things. Essentially, "Legislation as Topic" covers any law or regulation that impacts the medical community, healthcare system, or individual patients. It is a broad category that can encompass many different areas of law and policy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "State Government" is not a medical term. It refers to the level of government in the United States that is responsible for governing each of the individual states. This includes executives (such as governors), legislative bodies (like state senates and houses of representatives), and courts.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Taxes" is not a medical term. It refers to a compulsory financial charge or levy imposed on individuals or entities by a governmental authority to fund various public expenditures and services. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

In the context of medical definitions, "transportation" typically refers to the movement of patients from one location to another. This can include the transfer of patients between healthcare facilities (such as from a hospital to a long-term care facility), between departments within a healthcare facility (such as from the emergency department to an inpatient unit), or to and from medical appointments.

Transportation may also refer to the movement of medical equipment, supplies, or specimens between locations. In this context, transportation ensures that necessary items are delivered to the right place at the right time, which is critical for providing high-quality patient care.

It's important to note that safe and timely transportation is essential for ensuring positive patient outcomes, reducing the risk of adverse events, and improving overall healthcare efficiency.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Purchasing, Hospital" is not a recognized medical term or concept. It seems that "purchasing" in this context might be referring to the process or department within a hospital responsible for acquiring goods, services, and equipment. This function is essential for the efficient and cost-effective operation of a hospital. However, without more specific context, it's challenging to provide a precise definition. If you have a particular aspect of hospital purchasing that you'd like to understand better, I'd be happy to help clarify if I can.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Social Media" is a term related to communication technologies, particularly websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. It is not a medical concept or term, and therefore, it does not have a medical definition. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those!

The Behavioral Sciences are a group of disciplines that focus on the study of human and animal behavior. These sciences use various methods, including experiments, observations, and surveys, to understand why organisms behave the way they do. Some of the key disciplines in the Behavioral Sciences include:

1. Psychology: The scientific study of the mind and behavior, including topics such as perception, cognition, emotion, motivation, and personality.
2. Sociology: The scientific study of human social behavior, including topics such as group dynamics, social norms, and cultural influences.
3. Anthropology: The scientific study of human societies and cultures, both past and present, including their evolution, development, and variation.
4. Education: The field concerned with teaching and learning processes, curriculum development, and instructional design.
5. Communication Studies: The field that examines how people use symbols, language, and communication to create and maintain relationships, communities, and cultures.
6. Political Science: The study of political systems, institutions, and behaviors, including topics such as power, governance, and public policy.
7. Economics: The study of how individuals, businesses, and societies allocate scarce resources to satisfy their needs and wants.

Overall, the Behavioral Sciences aim to provide a deeper understanding of human behavior and social phenomena, with applications in fields such as healthcare, education, business, and policy-making.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Library Services" is not a medical term. It generally refers to the various resources, services, and assistance provided by libraries to help individuals access, use, and manage information. This can include book lending, research assistance, database access, interlibrary loan, literacy programs, and more.

If you're looking for a medical term or concept, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate response.

Drug Information Services (DIS) are specialized resources within healthcare systems, typically staffed by clinical pharmacists and pharmacy residents, that provide evidence-based information and analysis about medications to healthcare professionals and patients. The primary goal of DIS is to optimize medication use and improve patient outcomes through the provision of accurate, unbiased, and timely information on drug therapy.

DIS commonly provide a range of services, including:

1. Answering medication-related questions from healthcare providers, such as physicians, nurses, and other pharmacists, regarding drug interactions, dosing, adverse effects, and therapeutic alternatives.
2. Developing and maintaining formulary management systems to ensure the safe and cost-effective use of medications within a healthcare institution or system.
3. Providing patient education materials and resources on medication therapy, including proper administration techniques, potential side effects, and storage requirements.
4. Conducting ongoing literature evaluations and synthesizing evidence-based recommendations for medication use in various clinical scenarios.
5. Collaborating with healthcare teams to develop and implement guidelines, policies, and procedures related to medication management and safety.
6. Offering educational programs and resources for healthcare professionals and students to enhance their knowledge of pharmacotherapy and medication safety practices.
7. Participating in multidisciplinary committees focused on improving medication use processes, reducing medication errors, and promoting patient safety.

DIS are essential components of modern healthcare systems, as they help ensure the safe, effective, and efficient use of medications for improved patient outcomes.

Online pharmaceutical services, also known as internet or digital pharmacy services, refer to the provision of medication-related services through the internet. These services may include the following:

1. Prescription medication dispensing and delivery: This involves the online ordering and delivery of prescription medications to patients' homes or other preferred locations. Patients can submit their prescriptions electronically or by mail, and the pharmacy will fill the order and ship it to the patient.
2. Medication therapy management (MTM): MTM services involve a comprehensive review of a patient's medication regimen by a licensed healthcare professional, such as a pharmacist. This includes evaluating the appropriateness, effectiveness, and safety of medications, identifying potential drug interactions or adverse effects, and making recommendations for changes as needed.
3. Telemedicine consultations: Some online pharmacies offer telemedicine services, allowing patients to consult with healthcare professionals remotely via video conferencing or phone calls. This can be particularly useful for patients who have difficulty traveling to a physical clinic or those living in remote areas.
4. Refill reminders and automatic refills: Online pharmacies often provide refill reminders to help patients stay on track with their medication schedules. Some also offer automatic refill services, where medications are automatically shipped to the patient when they are due for a refill.
5. Health information resources: Many online pharmacies provide health-related resources and information, such as articles, videos, and interactive tools, to help patients better understand their medications and overall health.

It is essential to ensure that any online pharmaceutical service is legitimate and adheres to all relevant laws and regulations. Patients should look for websites that are verified by organizations such as the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) or the Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites (VIPPS) program, which helps ensure that the pharmacy is operating legally and safely.

'Alcohol drinking' refers to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) as the active ingredient. Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant that can cause euphoria, disinhibition, and sedation when consumed in small to moderate amounts. However, excessive drinking can lead to alcohol intoxication, with symptoms ranging from slurred speech and impaired coordination to coma and death.

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The breakdown of ethanol produces acetaldehyde, a toxic compound that can cause damage to various organs in the body. Chronic alcohol drinking can lead to a range of health problems, including liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and increased risk of cancer.

Moderate drinking is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, where a standard drink contains about 14 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol. However, it's important to note that there are no safe levels of alcohol consumption, and any level of drinking carries some risk to health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Vermont" is not a medical term. It is a geographical location, being the name of a state in the United States. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to try and help answer those!

I must apologize, but there seems to be a misunderstanding. The term "internationality" is not a commonly used medical term with a specific definition in the field of medicine or healthcare. It is a more general term that can refer to the quality or state of being international or global in scope, relevance, or application. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help clarify those for you.

A mainframe computer is a large-scale, powerful computing system that is designed to handle high volumes of data, complex computations, and multiple users simultaneously. It is called a "mainframe" because it serves as the central hub or "frame" for an organization's data processing activities.

Mainframe computers are typically used in large enterprises, governments, and other institutions that require robust, reliable, and secure computing systems to manage their mission-critical applications, such as transaction processing, batch processing, and data storage. They are known for their exceptional reliability, availability, and scalability, making them well-suited for handling massive amounts of data and supporting thousands of concurrent users.

Some key features of mainframe computers include:

1. Large memory capacity: Mainframes can support terabytes of memory, allowing them to handle large datasets and complex computations with ease.
2. High processing power: Mainframes have powerful processors that can perform billions of instructions per second (BIPS), enabling them to execute complex calculations quickly and efficiently.
3. Robust input/output capabilities: Mainframes are designed to support high-speed data transfer rates, allowing them to connect to a wide range of peripherals, such as printers, storage devices, and network interfaces.
4. Virtualization technology: Mainframes use virtualization techniques to create multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical system, enabling efficient resource sharing and isolation.
5. Security features: Mainframes have advanced security features, such as encryption, access controls, and auditing capabilities, making them ideal for protecting sensitive data and applications.
6. Operating systems: Mainframe operating systems, such as z/OS, z/VSE, and z/TPF, are specifically designed to support the unique requirements of mainframe computing, providing features like job scheduling, resource management, and system monitoring.

Examples of mainframe computer manufacturers include IBM, Unisys, and Fujitsu. While mainframes have been largely replaced by distributed systems in many applications, they continue to play a critical role in large-scale data processing and mission-critical computing for organizations around the world.

I believe there may be a slight confusion in your question. The "meat-packing industry" is not a term that has a medical definition, as it pertains to the industrial process and business practice of slaughtering animals, processing their carcasses into edible meats, and packaging them for distribution and sale to consumers.

However, if you are interested in occupational health or workplace safety aspects related to this industry, there are numerous medical and epidemiological studies that discuss the potential health risks and hazards faced by workers in meat-packing plants, such as exposure to infectious diseases, musculoskeletal injuries, and chemical hazards.

"California" is a geographical location and does not have a medical definition. It is a state located on the west coast of the United States, known for its diverse landscape including mountains, beaches, and forests. However, in some contexts, "California" may refer to certain medical conditions or situations that are associated with the state, such as:

* California encephalitis: a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes that is common in California and other western states.
* California king snake: a non-venomous snake species found in California and other parts of the southwestern United States, which can bite and cause allergic reactions in some people.
* California roll: a type of sushi roll that originated in California and is made with avocado, cucumber, and crab meat, which may pose an allergy risk for some individuals.

It's important to note that these uses of "California" are not medical definitions per se, but rather descriptive terms that refer to specific conditions or situations associated with the state.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Organizational Objectives" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a general management and business concept. Organizational objectives are the goals or targets that an organization aims to achieve through its operations and functions. These can include financial objectives like profitability and growth, as well as non-financial objectives related to areas like quality, innovation, social responsibility, and employee satisfaction.

In a healthcare setting, organizational objectives might include improving patient outcomes, increasing patient satisfaction, reducing costs, implementing new treatments or technologies, enhancing community health, and maintaining ethical standards.

Clinical trials are research studies that involve human participants and are designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or behavioral interventions. The purpose of clinical trials is to determine whether a new intervention is safe, effective, and beneficial for patients, as well as to compare it with currently available treatments. Clinical trials follow a series of phases, each with specific goals and criteria, before a new intervention can be approved by regulatory authorities for widespread use.

Clinical trials are conducted according to a protocol, which is a detailed plan that outlines the study's objectives, design, methodology, statistical analysis, and ethical considerations. The protocol is developed and reviewed by a team of medical experts, statisticians, and ethicists, and it must be approved by an institutional review board (IRB) before the trial can begin.

Participation in clinical trials is voluntary, and participants must provide informed consent before enrolling in the study. Informed consent involves providing potential participants with detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and alternatives, as well as their rights as research subjects. Participants can withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which they are entitled.

Clinical trials are essential for advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care. They help researchers identify new treatments, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies that can benefit patients and improve public health. However, clinical trials also pose potential risks to participants, including adverse effects from experimental interventions, time commitment, and inconvenience. Therefore, it is important for researchers to carefully design and conduct clinical trials to minimize risks and ensure that the benefits outweigh the risks.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Management Audit" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a concept that is more commonly used in business and management contexts. A Management Audit refers to an examination and evaluation of an organization's or a company's management systems, processes, and practices. Its aim is to assess their effectiveness, efficiency, and compliance with established policies, procedures, and laws.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare concepts, I would be happy to help!

Hospital administrators are healthcare professionals who manage and oversee the operations, resources, and services of a hospital or healthcare facility. They play a crucial role in ensuring that the hospital runs smoothly, efficiently, and cost-effectively while maintaining high-quality patient care and safety standards.

Their responsibilities typically include:

1. Developing and implementing policies, procedures, and strategic plans for the hospital.
2. Managing the hospital's budget, finances, and resources, including human resources, equipment, and supplies.
3. Ensuring compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and accreditation standards.
4. Overseeing the quality of patient care and safety programs.
5. Developing and maintaining relationships with medical staff, community partners, and other stakeholders.
6. Managing risk management and emergency preparedness plans.
7. Providing leadership, direction, and support to hospital staff.
8. Representing the hospital in negotiations with insurance companies, government agencies, and other external entities.

Hospital administrators may have varying levels of responsibility, ranging from managing a single department or unit within a hospital to overseeing an entire healthcare system. They typically hold advanced degrees in healthcare administration, public health, business administration, or a related field, and may also be certified by professional organizations such as the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE).

Health behavior can be defined as a series of actions and decisions that individuals take to protect, maintain or promote their health and well-being. These behaviors can include activities such as engaging in regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, getting sufficient sleep, practicing safe sex, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress.

Health behaviors are influenced by various factors, including knowledge and attitudes towards health, beliefs and values, cultural norms, social support networks, environmental factors, and individual genetic predispositions. Understanding health behaviors is essential for developing effective public health interventions and promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent chronic diseases and improve overall quality of life.

Animal welfare is a concept that refers to the state of an animal's physical and mental health, comfort, and ability to express normal behaviors. It encompasses factors such as proper nutrition, housing, handling, care, treatment, and protection from harm and distress. The goal of animal welfare is to ensure that animals are treated with respect and consideration, and that their needs and interests are met in a responsible and ethical manner.

The concept of animal welfare is based on the recognition that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and emotions, and that they have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. It is guided by principles such as the "Five Freedoms," which include freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury or disease, freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress.

Animal welfare is an important consideration in various fields, including agriculture, research, conservation, entertainment, and companionship. It involves a multidisciplinary approach that draws on knowledge from biology, ethology, veterinary medicine, psychology, philosophy, and law. Ultimately, animal welfare aims to promote the humane treatment of animals and to ensure their well-being in all aspects of their lives.

Family planning services refer to comprehensive healthcare programs and interventions that aim to help individuals and couples prevent or achieve pregnancies, according to their desired number and spacing of children. These services typically include:

1. Counseling and education: Providing information about various contraceptive methods, their effectiveness, side effects, and appropriate use. This may also include counseling on reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and preconception care.
2. Contraceptive services: Making a wide range of contraceptive options available to clients, including barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms), hormonal methods (pills, patches, injectables, implants), intrauterine devices (IUDs), and permanent methods (tubal ligation, vasectomy).
3. Screening and testing: Offering STI screening and testing, as well as cervical cancer screening for eligible clients.
4. Preconception care: Providing counseling and interventions to help women achieve optimal health before becoming pregnant, including folic acid supplementation, management of chronic conditions, and avoidance of harmful substances (tobacco, alcohol, drugs).
5. Fertility services: Addressing infertility issues through diagnostic testing, counseling, and medical or surgical treatments when appropriate.
6. Menstrual regulation: Providing manual vacuum aspiration or medication to safely and effectively manage incomplete miscarriages or unwanted pregnancies within the first trimester.
7. Pregnancy options counseling: Offering unbiased information and support to help individuals make informed decisions about their pregnancy, including parenting, adoption, or abortion.
8. Community outreach and education: Engaging in community-based initiatives to increase awareness of family planning services and promote reproductive health.
9. Advocacy: Working to remove barriers to accessing family planning services, such as policy changes, reducing stigma, and increasing funding for programs.

Family planning services are an essential component of sexual and reproductive healthcare and contribute significantly to improving maternal and child health outcomes, reducing unintended pregnancies, and empowering individuals to make informed choices about their reproductive lives.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Internet" is a term that pertains to the global network of interconnected computers and servers that enable the transmission and reception of data via the internet protocol (IP). It is not a medical term and does not have a specific medical definition. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer them for you!

"Tars" is not a recognized medical term. However, "tarso-" is a prefix in anatomy that refers to the ankle or hind part of an organ. For example, the tarsal bones are the bones that make up the ankle and the rear part of the foot. Additionally, tarsus can refer to the thickened portion of the eyelid which contains the eyelashes. It is important to ensure you have the correct term when seeking medical information.

Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem. It encompasses the monitoring and regulation of medicines throughout their lifecycle, including pre-marketing (clinical trials) and post-marketing phases (surveillance in the general population). The primary goal of pharmacovigilance is to ensure that the benefits of a medicine outweigh its risks, thereby protecting public health.

I cannot provide a "medical definition" of "Organization and Administration" as it is not a medical term. However, I can give you an explanation of how these concepts are applied in the context of healthcare and medical organizations.

Organization and administration in healthcare refer to the planning, coordination, and management of resources, processes, and structures within a medical institution or system. This includes:

1. Organizing: The process of designing, structuring, and implementing systems, departments, and workflows that facilitate efficient and effective patient care, staff performance, and resource management. Examples include creating clinical pathways for specific conditions, establishing quality improvement committees, and defining roles and responsibilities within the organization.
2. Administration: The process of overseeing, directing, and controlling the operations and resources of a medical institution or system. This includes managing finances, human resources, information technology, and facilities to ensure high-quality patient care, regulatory compliance, and strategic goals are met. Examples include developing budgets, hiring staff, implementing policies and procedures, and monitoring performance metrics.

In summary, organization and administration in healthcare involve the design, implementation, and management of systems, processes, and structures that promote efficient, effective, and high-quality patient care within medical institutions or systems.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "International Cooperation" is not a medical term. It refers to the collaboration and exchange of resources and information between countries or international organizations in various fields, including politics, economics, culture, environment, and security, among others. In the context of healthcare and medicine, international cooperation can involve joint research projects, sharing of data and clinical trial results, collaborative efforts to combat global health issues (such as infectious diseases or chronic conditions), capacity building in low-resource settings, and standardizing medical practices and guidelines across countries.

A condom is a thin sheath that covers the penis during sexual intercourse. It is made of materials such as latex, polyurethane, or lambskin and is used as a barrier method to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms work by collecting semen when the man ejaculates, preventing it from entering the woman's body. They come in various sizes, shapes, textures, and flavors to suit individual preferences. It is important to use condoms correctly and consistently to maximize their effectiveness.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "universities" is a term that refers to institutions of higher education and research, and it is not a medical term. A university typically offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs leading to the award of degrees such as bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

"Social change" is not a medical term, but it refers to the alterations in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural patterns, social institutions, and organizational structures within societies over time. While not a medical concept itself, social change can have significant impacts on health and healthcare. For example, shifts in societal values and norms around tobacco use or access to mental health services can influence public health outcomes and healthcare delivery.

Correspondence, in a medical context, can refer to the communication between healthcare professionals or between a healthcare professional and a patient. This may include letters, emails, or reports that are sent to share information or updates about a patient's care.

In research, correspondence may also refer to the similarity or agreement between two or more measurements, tests, or observations. For example, a study might examine the correspondence between different methods for diagnosing a particular condition to see how well they agree with one another.

Additionally, correspondence may also refer to the relationship between different parts of the body or between different physiological processes. For example, researchers might study the correspondence between brain activity and behavior to better understand how the two are related.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Gift Giving" is not a medical term or concept. It refers to the social practice of giving gifts to others, often as a sign of affection, celebration, or appreciation. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

A generic drug is a medication that contains the same active ingredients as an originally marketed brand-name drug, known as its "innovator" or "reference listed" drug. The active ingredient is the component of the drug that is responsible for its therapeutic effect. Generic drugs are required to have the same quality, strength, purity, and stability as their brand-name counterparts. They must also meet the same rigorous Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards regarding safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing.

Generic drugs are typically less expensive than their brand-name equivalents because generic manufacturers do not have to repeat the costly clinical trials that were required for the innovator drug. Instead, they demonstrate through bioequivalence studies that their product is therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug. This means that the generic drug delivers the same amount of active ingredient into a patient's bloodstream in the same timeframe as the brand-name drug.

In summary, generic drugs are copies of brand-name drugs with the same active ingredients, dosage forms, strengths, routes of administration, and intended uses. They must meet FDA regulations for safety, efficacy, and manufacturing standards, ensuring that they provide patients with the same therapeutic benefits as their brand-name counterparts at a more affordable price.

'Mosquito Control' is not a medical term per se, but it is a public health concept that refers to the systematic reduction or elimination of mosquito populations through various methods to prevent or minimize the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. This multidisciplinary field involves entomologists, ecologists, engineers, and public health professionals working together to manage mosquito habitats, apply insecticides, and educate communities about personal protection measures. By controlling mosquito populations, we can significantly reduce the risk of contracting vector-borne illnesses such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus, among others.

In a medical context, awareness generally refers to the state of being conscious or cognizant of something. This can include being aware of one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences, as well as being aware of external events or sensations.

For example, a person who is awake and alert is said to have full awareness, while someone who is in a coma or under general anesthesia may be described as having reduced or absent awareness. Similarly, a person with dementia or Alzheimer's disease may have impaired awareness of their surroundings or of their own memory and cognitive abilities.

In some cases, awareness may also refer to the process of becoming informed or educated about a particular health condition or medical treatment. For example, a patient may be encouraged to increase their awareness of heart disease risk factors or of the potential side effects of a medication. Overall, awareness involves a deep understanding and perception of oneself and one's environment.

Medical practice management refers to the administrative and operational aspects of running a healthcare organization or medical practice. It involves overseeing and coordinating various business functions such as finance, human resources, marketing, patient scheduling, billing and coding, compliance with regulations, and information technology systems. The goal of medical practice management is to ensure that the practice runs efficiently, effectively, and profitably while delivering high-quality care to patients.

Medical practice managers may be responsible for developing policies and procedures, hiring and training staff, managing patient flow, ensuring regulatory compliance, implementing quality improvement initiatives, and overseeing financial performance. They must have a strong understanding of medical billing and coding practices, healthcare regulations, and electronic health record (EHR) systems. Effective communication skills, leadership abilities, and attention to detail are also important qualities for successful medical practice managers.

Cosmetics are defined in the medical field as products that are intended to be applied or introduced to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, and altering the appearance. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), cosmetics include skin creams, lotions, makeup, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, shampoos, permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes, and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.

It's important to note that the FDA classifies cosmetics and drugs differently. Drugs are defined as products that are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, and/or affect the structure or function of the body. Some products, such as anti-dandruff shampoos or toothpastes with fluoride, can be considered both a cosmetic and a drug because they have both cleansing and therapeutic properties. These types of products are subject to regulation by both the FDA's Office of Cosmetics and Colors and its Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Cosmetics must not be adulterated or misbranded, meaning that they must be safe for use under labeled or customary conditions, properly packaged and labeled, and not contain any harmful ingredients. However, the FDA does not have the authority to approve cosmetic products before they go on the market, with the exception of color additives. Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe and properly labeled.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Burkina Faso" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in West Africa. The name "Burkina Faso" translates to "Land of Incorruptible People" in Mossi and Dioula, two languages spoken in the region. The country was known as Upper Volta when it gained independence from France in 1960. It was renamed Burkina Faso in 1984 by then-President Thomas Sankara, who aimed to promote a sense of national identity and unity among the diverse population.

Burkina Faso is a landlocked country with a population of around 21 million people (as of 2021). It shares borders with six countries: Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Côte d'Ivoire to the southwest. The capital city is Ouagadougou.

The primary languages spoken in Burkina Faso are French (the official language), Mooré, Dioula, Fula, and Gourmanchéma. The country has a diverse cultural heritage with numerous ethnic groups, including the Mossi, Fulani, Bobo, Gurunsi, Senufo, and Lobi.

Burkina Faso faces various challenges, such as poverty, food insecurity, limited access to education, and health issues like malaria, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical diseases. The country also struggles with political instability and security threats from extremist groups operating in the Sahel region.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Europe" is a geographical and political designation, rather than a medical one. It refers to the continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Europe is made up of approximately 50 countries, depending on how one defines a "country."

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help answer them!

Tobacco use cessation is the process of discontinuing the use of tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and electronic cigarettes. This is often a critical component of treatment for tobacco-related diseases and conditions, as well as a key strategy for preventing tobacco-related illnesses and premature death.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a combination of behavioral support and medication as the most effective approach to tobacco use cessation. Behavioral support may include counseling, group therapy, and self-help materials, while medication can include nicotine replacement therapies (such as gum, lozenges, patches, inhalers, or nasal sprays), as well as prescription medications such as bupropion and varenicline.

Tobacco use cessation is a challenging process that often requires multiple attempts before successful long-term abstinence is achieved. However, with the right support and resources, many tobacco users are able to quit successfully and improve their health outcomes.

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... is an organization's total expenditure on marketing activities. This typically includes advertising and non- ... This metric's purpose is to forecast marketing spending and assess budgeting risk. Marketing costs are often a major part of a ... In a survey of nearly 200 senior marketing managers, 52 percent responded that they found the "marketing spending" metric very ... A classic decision that hinges on fixed marketing costs versus variable marketing costs is the choice between engaging third- ...
The fact that areas of food marketing are linked to obesity is concerning, as well as how easy it is to market to children and ... Food marketing not only involves the marketing of products to consumers, but the reasons why consumers purchase these items and ... Food marketing brings together the food producer and the consumer through a chain of marketing activities. Pomeranz & Adler, ... The four components of food marketing are often called the "four Ps" of the marketing mix because they relate to product, price ...
Adobe Marketing Cloud Cloud computing Direct marketing Wilkins, Neil. "'Cloud Marketing Definition'". vmcg.co.uk. Retrieved 8 ... Cloud marketing is the process of an organization's efforts to market their goods and services online through integrated ... Cloud marketing requires efforts in data privacy and data protection, especially for EU markets where GDPR (General Data ... Cloud marketing platforms could be supported by third party providers that maintain the platform. Cloud marketing was ...
"Reverse Marketing , What is Reverse Marketing?." Marketing Schools , All things Marketing at Marketing-Schools.org. N.p., n.d. ... Reverse marketing is the concept of marketing in which the customer seeks the firm rather than marketers seeking the customer. ... "Reverse Marketing: Synergy of Purchasing and Relationship Marketing". CRM Today. University of Groningen, The Netherlands. ... David L. Blenkhorn; Peter M. Banting (1991). "How Reverse Marketing Changes Buyer-Seller Roles". Industrial Marketing ...
... is one of the main conferences on digital marketing in Central Europe, organized annually since 2013 by ... Marketing Festival was nominated twice for the Marketing Inspiration award of Křišťálová Lupa (2014, 2015). Since May 2016, ... The first three Marketing Festivals (2013-2015) were held in Brno, the fourth in 2016 in Ostrava and the fifth in 2017 was ... Marketing Festival has been registered as a European trademark. "Jindřich Fáborský pro DEMARKETING". Pavel Šíma (in Czech). ...
... marketing-insider.eu/marketing-explained/part-i-defining-marketing-and-the-marketing-process/market-targeting/ Business ... Marketing research, Marketing strategy, Market segmentation, Product management). ... Jack Trout (1969). "Positioning" is a game people play in today's me-too market place". Industrial Marketing: 51-55. Al Ries; ... This could be due to new market entrants, changed customer preferences, structural change within the target market (such as ...
It is also not sufficient just to build a market: attention needs to be paid to how that market will be managed, operated and ... Effective regulation of markets is essential. Inside a market, both hygiene rules and revenue collection activities have to be ... Efficient marketing infrastructure such as wholesale, retail and assembly markets and storage facilities is essential for cost- ... Markets play an important role in rural development, income generation, food security, and developing rural-market linkages. ...
Promotion and marketing communications, All stub articles, Marketing stubs). ... marketing) AISDALSLove Model Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising by Solomom Dutka - Publisher: NTC Business ...
American Marketing Association "What Is A Marketing Channel". Marketing 101. "Types of Marketing Channels". Boundless. "Kanal ... Multichannel marketing Omnichannel marketing Crosschannel marketing These approaches can be differentiated by: Where they take ... Marketing Channels can be long term or short term. Short term channels are influenced by market factors such as: business users ... A marketing channel is a useful tool for management, and is crucial to creating an effective and well-planned marketing ...
... , or cultural movement marketing, is a marketing model that begins with an idea on the rise in culture. ... "Movements" as a new brand building marketing model begins with an idea on the rise in culture rather than the product itself. ... Cultural movement" requires a radical rethink of the old rules of marketing. Instead of being about "the individual" it is ... Suzana Apelbaum (September 28, 2010). "Movement Marketing in the Nude: Is it a game changer -- or just a fancy dress?". ...
Digital marketing, Market research, Marketing techniques, Online advertising, Spamming). ... Email marketing is popular with companies for several reasons: Email marketing is significantly cheaper and faster than ... Historically, it has not been easy to measure the effectiveness of marketing campaigns because target markets cannot be ... Babet, Addou (2020). "Utilization of personalization in marketing automation and email marketing". Fabian, Benjamin; Bender, ...
2015, 7 21). "Premiums.". Retrieved from Boundless Marketing: https://www.boundless.com/marketing/textbooks/boundless-marketing ... How to Use Advertising Specialties and Premiums in Direct Marketing Advertising Specialties and Premiums in Direct Marketing. ... In marketing, premiums are promotional items - toys, collectables, souvenirs and household products - that are linked to a ... Loyalty marketing Pepsi Stuff Radio premium Trading stamp Lamb, Hair & McDaniel 2008, pp. 540. Kotler & Armstrong 2010, pp. 504 ...
"International Marketing". marketing-schools.org. 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2020. "Global Marketing Mix , Boundless Marketing ... International marketing is required for the development of the marketing mix for the country. International marketing includes ... "International Marketing , Fastweb". www.fastweb.com. Retrieved 2 April 2021. "Domestic marketing vs international marketing". ... "Definition of Marketing Mix , What is Marketing Mix ? Marketing Mix Meaning". The Economic Times. Retrieved 21 April 2019. ...
Wool Marketing Board British Egg Industry Council Egg Marketing Board Milk Marketing Board Potato Council Tripe Marketing Board ... A marketing board is an organization created by many producers to try to market their product and increase consumption and thus ... Marketing boards differ from industry trade groups in that their primary goal is marketing towards consumers, not governments, ... Agricultural produce market committee Kerala Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing ...
Other common youth marketing tactics include entertainment marketing, music marketing, sports marketing, event marketing, viral ... Advertising to children Food marketing toward children Viral marketing Word of mouth Online marketing New Media Marketing Youth ... Talks on youth marketing have been ongoing; there have been few changes to policy or law in regards to marketing to youth. The ... "Youth Marketing" is a term used in the marketing and advertising industry to describe activities to communicate with young ...
... content marketing, career site design, social media marketing, employee referrals, and email marketing engage potential ... Inbound marketing has been the most successful marketing method for doing business in recent years because companies are ... A recruitment marketing strategy leverages the principles of inbound marketing by integrating an employer's value proposition ... "What is Recruitment Marketing?". Rally™ Recruitment Marketing. Retrieved 2019-01-17. (All articles with unsourced statements, ...
Depending on the company's marketing mix, they may use different types of attribution to track their marketing channels: ... Stephanie Miller (February 6, 2013). "Digital Marketing Attribution.Digital Marketing Attribution". DMNews.com. Retrieved March ... Base = Predicted Conversions Without Observed Marketing Predicted Conversions With Observed Marketing {\displaystyle {\text{ ... and email marketing. The purpose of marketing attribution is to quantify the influence each advertising impression has on a ...
... "set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market". The traditional marketing ... "From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing," Management Decision, vol. 32, no.2, 1994 ... Marketing of Services, [AMA Special Conference on Services Marketing], American Marketing Association, Chicago. Ill, 1981, pp ... Marketing of Services. American Marketing Association: 47-51. Kotler, Philip (2012). Marketing Management. Pearson Education. p ...
In marketing and sales, marketing collateral is a collection of media used to support the sales of a product or service. ... There are many items that come under marketing collateral, some common items are: These are print materials that summarize a ... "Ending the War between Sales and Marketing". Harvard Business Review. p. 5. Retrieved June 18, 2010.[1] (Articles needing ...
... may refer to: Older, non-pejorative sense of marketing communications Newer, pejorative sense of ... interruption marketing This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Outbound marketing. If an internal ...
... is an advanced form of word-of-mouth marketing in which companies develop customers who believe so ... Evangelism marketing is applicable to any kind of product. Technology evangelism is the evangelism marketing of a tool. ... Evangelism marketing is sometimes confused with affiliate marketing. However, while affiliate programs provide incentives in ... Longenecker, C. (2005). "Marketing as a management style". Business Horizons. 38 (4): 77. doi:10.1016/0007-6813(95)90012-8. ...
... , sometimes called "experiential marketing", "event marketing", "on-ground marketing", "live marketing", " ... Outline of marketing Content marketing Evangelism marketing Virtual engagement Visual marketing Cerf, Moran (January 23, 2017 ... "Engagement Marketing 101 (Redux)", Marketing Daily, April 18, 2012 Ippolito, Greg (2013-08-08). "Momentum Marketing". Marketing ... Street marketing, also known as street teams Youth marketing, also known as entertainment marketing Event management, also ...
... refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Briefly, marketing ethics refers to ... Ethical marketing should be part of business ethics in the sense that marketing forms a significant part of any business model ... Over the past few years ethical marketing has become a more important part of marketing with many university courses adding ... Business ethics Fair trade Greenwashing Marketing ethics Socially responsible marketing Murphy, Patrick E.; Gene R. Laczniak; ...
... affects all phases of the customer life-cycle, and several conversion marketing solutions are utilized to ... In electronic commerce, conversion marketing is marketing with the intention of increasing conversions-that is, site visitors ... The company could market a special offer, like free shipping, to convert the visitor into a paying customer. A company may also ... Call to action (marketing) Statement designed to get an immediate response from the person reading or hearing it. Broadly used ...
Marketing, On. "Seth Godin's 'Permission Marketing' Turns 15". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-04-13. Marketing, On. "Seth Godin's ' ... permission marketing improves the odds that consumers pay more attention to the marketing message. Permission marketing thus ... allowing the company to email and phone market to entrants. Suresh, Sai. "Permission Marketing or Inbound Marketing." 42souls, ... This marketing type is becoming increasingly popular in digital marketing. Seth Godin first introduced the concept in his book ...
... , regardless of the product offered or the market targeted, sets the guidelines for which good marketing is ... Normative marketing ethics. Positive marketing ethics looks at the statement "what is" when it comes to examining marketing ... Using selective marketing to discourage demand from an unwanted market group or exclude them altogether. Examples of market ... The main theoretical issue here is the debate between free markets and regulated markets. In a truly free market, any ...
... "What is Content Marketing?: Content Marketing". Forbes. Retrieved 19 September 2014. Lieb, Rebecca (2011-10 ... Content marketing is a form of marketing focused on creating, publishing, and distributing content for a targeted audience ... Content marketing requires continuous delivery of large amounts of content, preferably within a content marketing strategy. ... Digital content marketing through electronic service is usually served together with other channels to achieve marketing ...
Marketing News Six Reasons Why Higher Education Marketers Should Use a Marketing Maturity Model Leading a marketing ... Transform Your Marketing Challenges into Opportunities Allison offers integrated marketing solutions to boost awareness, ... By: Demar Anderson, EVP of Marketing at Allison, AMA member (Chicago chapter) In a marketing landscape more dynamic and ... Four Baseline Strategies for Marketing to Generation Alpha * Increase Your Website Traffic 5x Using a Simple SEO Tactic for ...
Learn how to create content marketing that will help you reach your audience and increase conversions, including strategy and ... Pop up for FREE CONTENT MARKETING WORKBOOK FREE CONTENT MARKETING WORKBOOK FREE CONTENT MARKETING WORKBOOK A Beginners Guide ... So, what defines content marketing anyway?. What is content marketing?. Content marketing is the process of planning, creating ... Free or paid marketing software to connect your content marketing team, plan, strategy, and results to your greater marketing ...
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Firms who still arent embracing the fundamental shift away from traditional marketing techniques stand to fall further and ... 7 AEC marketing trends to watch for in 2019. As we enter into the new year, Id like to walk through seven marketing trends ... While the marketing spend on print advertising continues to decline (see Hinges own research on marketing for professional ... Its a real shift away from traditional marketing techniques and toward online marketing. ...
Score users, tag them, segment your marketing automation workflows, restore your carts and nurture leads for higher conversion! ... Visualize your user journeys with GetResponse marketing automation builder. ... Marketing automation explained. What is marketing automation? Marketing automation is a suite of powerful conditions, filters, ... dive deeper into marketing automation. * Learn How to Get Started with Marketing Automation in GetResponse. Quick step-by-step ...
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This step-by-step guide teaches you how to build a content marketing strategy and grow your audience. ... Then, set your location and click "Research a market.". Find the "Audience" report to see your market audience in detail. Such ... Content Marketing Statistics. Our State of Content Marketing report had a lot of eye-opening information regarding content ... 3. Content Marketing Mission Statement and Owned Media Value Proposition. Owned media refers to any digital marketing channels ...
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  • The global film capacitor market is expected to reach an estimated $2.1 billion by 2028 with a CAGR of 3% from 2023 to 2028. (lucintel.com)
  • Market trends (2017-2022) and forecast (2023-2028) by various segments and regions. (lucintel.com)
  • With this post in your back pocket, you'll have the data points to back every marketing decision you make in 2023 and beyond with confidence. (wordstream.com)
  • Is digital marketing in demand in 2023? (wordstream.com)
  • Get the latest insights on issues impacting mergers and acquisitions from RBC Capital Markets' investment banking team. (rbccm.com)
  • Partnering with RBC Capital Markets gives you access to critical insights from a global team of subject matter experts. (rbccm.com)
  • Get the latest insights from RBC Capital Markets delivered to your inbox. (rbccm.com)
  • WordStream by LocaliQ is your go-to source for data and insights in the world of digital marketing. (wordstream.com)
  • Yes, I'd like to receive Forrester's Insights At Work newsletter and receive occasional survey invitations and marketing communications. (forrester.com)
  • As your data partner, we can help you identify your customers, their values, and provide you with insights to inform your marketing strategies. (experian.com)
  • Leverage the power of VerticalResponse with insights, examples and practical advice from our email marketing experts. (verticalresponse.com)
  • Your marketing campaigns will have deeper insights, and your tactics, channels and strategies will yield maximum returns. (experian.com)
  • Search and segment tagged contacts to run targeted, automated email marketing campaigns. (getresponse.com)
  • Connect your favorite tools with GetResponse and start monetizing your marketing campaigns. (getresponse.com)
  • Historically, it has not been easy to measure the effectiveness of marketing campaigns because target markets cannot be adequately defined. (wikipedia.org)
  • By applying technology and analytical processes to marketing-related data, businesses can understand what drives consumer actions, refine their marketing campaigns and optimize their return on investment. (sas.com)
  • Understand your customers in greater depth, improve marketing campaigns and maximize the ROI of your marketing budget. (ibm.com)
  • Whether you're launching or testing campaigns, looking to increase cross-sell and up-sell revenue, or planning to open a store, the software helps you develop and execute more successful marketing programs. (ibm.com)
  • SPSS Direct Marketing includes features like cluster analysis, propensity to purchase and more that help improve effectiveness of direct marketing campaigns. (ibm.com)
  • As a Marketing Manager, you will play a pivotal role in assisting with the implementation of strategies, coordinating campaigns, and ensuring the smooth execution of marketing activities. (collegegrad.com)
  • Generate a higher return on your digital marketing investments with easy-to-create, execute, and measure campaigns. (oracle.com)
  • Oracle B2C Marketing for retail captures real-time shopper behaviors using built-in intelligence to produce personalized and efficient B2C marketing campaigns. (oracle.com)
  • Leverage real-time behavioral data to automate and adapt marketing campaigns to boost conversions, loyalty, and revenue. (oracle.com)
  • Better understand your business customers - Build propensity-to-buy models using firmographic and trade credit attributes, fully customized based on your current customers and prior marketing campaigns. (experian.com)
  • There are many free or low-cost strategies such as referrals, word-of-mouth, public relations, and marketing partners to help cross-promote or sell your product, so I would avoid any expensive print, TV, or radio advertising campaigns at these early stages. (score.org)
  • Health communication and marketing campaigns that promote positive behavior change are a cornerstone of public health and behavioral science. (cdc.gov)
  • Community mobilization models for HIV prevention include social marketing campaigns. (cdc.gov)
  • I've been talking to marketers and executives in engineering firms about the revolution that has been underway in AEC marketing. (bdcnetwork.com)
  • In fact, 80% of marketers who are extremely successful in content marketing have a documented strategy. (semrush.com)
  • Content marketing and SEO provides the best ROI according to marketers in this Databox . (wordstream.com)
  • Email marketing carries the benefit of allowing marketers to identify returns on investment and measure and improve efficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ citation needed ] Email marketing allows marketers to see users' feedback in real-time and monitor how effective their campaign is in achieving market penetration, revealing a communication channel's scope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowing that your audience is viewing all or most of your marketing materials on their phones or mobile devices, marketers should design their content accordingly. (oracle.com)
  • To reach them successfully and get them to engage with your message, marketers often adjust their digital marketing strategy to create an app-based campaign. (oracle.com)
  • Marketing attribution, which should be used more and more, helps marketers figure out client interaction with their brand and which ones in particular. (clickz.com)
  • With the uncertain industry making it increasingly difficult for marketers to recognize the 'good' marketing channels, let's take an objective look at. (clickz.com)
  • Given that marketing technology stacks are incredibly complicated, many marketers are looking for ways to simplify the process. (oracle.com)
  • This explains why six out of ten marketers still prefer direct mail over other offline channels and continue to include it in their direct marketing strategy. (xerox.com)
  • Most marketers report looking at their content marketing performance data on at least a weekly basis. (marketingcharts.com)
  • Our talented team members will analyze your market, discuss your goals, formulate and implement the plan. (adeomarketing.com)
  • Analyze the success of your marketing tactics on your own. (ibm.com)
  • Discover how to create a successful content marketing strategy to help you reach your audience and boost conversions. (hubspot.com)
  • Plan and optimize your marketing content with these free calendar templates. (hubspot.com)
  • Content marketing helps businesses do this, and it describes the process of attracting, engaging with, and delighting your target markets. (hubspot.com)
  • By honing in on effective content marketing, you can do just that - and as a result, increase conversions, improve brand awareness, boost revenue, establish yourself as an industry leader, and more. (hubspot.com)
  • In this guide, we'll give you a birds-eye-view of content marketing, types of content marketing, content marketing examples, and how to get a strategy going. (hubspot.com)
  • The definition of content marketing is simple: It's the process of publishing written and visual material online with the purpose of attracting more leads to your business. (hubspot.com)
  • However, content marketing isn't just publishing a thin piece of content and hoping people will find it. (hubspot.com)
  • So, what defines content marketing anyway? (hubspot.com)
  • What is content marketing? (hubspot.com)
  • Why is content marketing important? (hubspot.com)
  • 2022 HubSpot research says that 70% of companies use content marketing . (hubspot.com)
  • Now let's look at the various types of content marketing. (hubspot.com)
  • Top-notch content on online marketing, GetResponse products, and more. (getresponse.com)
  • Content marketing is the creation and distribution of valuable, relevant content. (semrush.com)
  • A well-executed content marketing strategy is a great way to promote your brand. (semrush.com)
  • Let's dive into what a content marketing strategy is and how to build one (with some examples). (semrush.com)
  • Content marketing strategy is your high-level plan for creating and distributing content to grow your audience and reach various business goals. (semrush.com)
  • Now that we've gotten the content marketing definitions out of the way, let's talk about why it's important to have a content marketing plan in the first place. (semrush.com)
  • Why Have a Content Marketing Strategy? (semrush.com)
  • A content marketing strategy helps you achieve specific goals, define clear success metrics, and create processes for specific improvement. (semrush.com)
  • Wondering how to develop a content marketing strategy? (semrush.com)
  • That helps you choose the right direction in your content marketing strategy. (semrush.com)
  • Keeping your brand's story in mind when making content will create a consistent experience for your audience and build the right image on all your content marketing channels. (semrush.com)
  • Magazines, webinars, and other content marketing solutions. (haleymarketing.com)
  • However, as email marketing developed as an effective means of direct communication, in the 1990s, users increasingly began referring to it as " spam " and began blocking out content from emails with filters and blocking programs. (wikipedia.org)
  • When using social media marketing, firms can allow customers and Internet users to post user-generated content (e.g., online comments, product reviews, etc.), also known as " earned media ", rather than use marketer-prepared advertising copy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on your strategy and the resources you have available, it may be worthwhile to optimize all of your web-based marketing collateral (emails, landing pages, newsletters, etc.) for mobile, or have one version of your content for the web and another for mobile. (oracle.com)
  • Which is why it is vital that your marketing content provides customers and prospects with personalized, time- and location-sensitive information. (oracle.com)
  • Build content for the ideal marketing channels to help you connect with potential customers. (adobe.com)
  • Before you begin creating any content marketing , conduct interviews to gather primary research. (adobe.com)
  • Create and deliver personalized content using the power of AI across all applications and marketing, commerce, and customer service channels. (oracle.com)
  • Answers to those questions are essential to establishing a brand identity, which in turn shapes marketing messages as low-tech as your practice's logo and as high-tech as the design and content strategy of your website. (medscape.com)
  • Content marketing fuels online engagement, which means how much time people spend on your website and how closely they pay attention to your information. (medscape.com)
  • The Content Marketing Institute defines content marketing as "a strategic marketing approach focused on creating and distributing valuable, relevant, and consistent content to attract and retain a clearly defined audience - and, ultimately, to drive profitable customer action. (medscape.com)
  • Effective content marketing and SEO are symbiotic: Good SEO drives people to your website, and quality content keeps them engaged longer, which in turn enhances SEO. (medscape.com)
  • Third, a group assignment, evaluating students' abilities to collaborate with others in content creation and delivery in digital marketing. (lu.se)
  • Today, outbound marketing strategies (or anything that interrupts your audience members) aren't as effective at resonating with and converting audience members as they once were. (hubspot.com)
  • From top-notch web design and development to effective online reputation management, comprehensive staff training, and cutting-edge e-media solutions, our medical marketing strategies cover it all. (practicebuilders.com)
  • Data reveals patterns and digital marketing trends that can help you to identify strategies and platforms where it might make sense to be an early adopter. (wordstream.com)
  • Email marketing strategies commonly seek to achieve one or more of three primary objectives, to building loyalty , trust, or brand awareness . (wikipedia.org)
  • Mobile marketing strategies take advantage of the amount of time that people are spending on their phones. (oracle.com)
  • Use the industry's largest consumer database to power your audience and attribution marketing strategies. (experian.com)
  • There are a number of strategies to improve your digital word of mouth with social media marketing, from what you create to what influencers you partner with. (adobe.com)
  • Marketing communications (MarCom) plans are often called marketing plans or marketing strategies. (slideshare.net)
  • Experian Marketing Analytics offers the ability to fine-tune targeting strategies and seek model customers using the industry's leading commercial database. (experian.com)
  • Improve upsell and cross-sell results - Strengthen targeting and marketing strategies within your customer portfolio and identify and focus on those key accounts to ensure existing customers purchase all appropriate products. (experian.com)
  • Graduates have strategies for corporations selecting, entering, developing and found employment at internationally leading businesses all over leaving international markets. (lu.se)
  • Plan, prioritize and optimize their marketing. (sas.com)
  • Search accounts for 40.9% of the global digital advertising and marketing market. (wordstream.com)
  • 49% of businesses say that organic search brings them the best marketing ROI . (wordstream.com)
  • Customer marketing managers and search marketing managers are both in CNBC's list of the 10 fastest-growing jobs in the US 2022. (wordstream.com)
  • With data from top research sources and user-friendly search and filtering options, our library of marketing charts is the ultimate tool for staying ahead of the curve in the fast-paced world of marketing. (marketingcharts.com)
  • Allison offers integrated marketing solutions to boost awareness, cultural relevancy, enhance reputation, transform brands and elevate business performance. (ama.org)
  • Put your faith in us to boost your practice's success with our healthcare marketing experience, which includes cutting-edge digital solutions. (practicebuilders.com)
  • Are you looking for ways to improve marketing effectiveness and boost return on investment? (experian.com)
  • In the past, marketing practice tended to be seen as a creative industry, which included advertising, distribution and selling, and even today many parts of the marketing process (e.g. product design, art director, brand management, advertising, inbound marketing, copywriting etc.) involve the use of the creative arts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Work with agents and managers to develop marketing plans that allow them to maximize the effectiveness of their budgets against tactics that will provide the greatest return for their business. (activerain.com)
  • What are the most cost effective marketing tactics? (lu.se)
  • This experience has rejuvenated my marketing strategy and revitalized my skills. (ama.org)
  • Do you know the true reasons why you're implementing one marketing strategy over another? (wordstream.com)
  • If you're implementing a multi-channel marketing strategy, you'll want to know how certain platforms will perform compared to others. (wordstream.com)
  • Which means that a mobile marketing strategy is an absolute must to survive. (oracle.com)
  • To develop the right chatbot strategy for marketing and learn more about how to use chatbots to help customers discover, explore, and engage with your brands, read the full report . (forrester.com)
  • An effective marketing strategy is informed by thorough research . (adobe.com)
  • These composites distill the essence of what your customers care about and are valuable tools to help you create an effective marketing strategy. (adobe.com)
  • The purpose of this is to help you develop a marketing communications plan that is guided by corporate marketing strategy, supports individual product marketing plans, and that achieves awareness and promotional guides. (slideshare.net)
  • Follow this simple step-by-step playbook to create a marketing communications plan that supports its marketing strategy. (slideshare.net)
  • Marketing Strategy Objectives Product Marketing Plan Key Marketing Metrics Dashboard Customer Profile Template Budget Template Message Mapping Tool Campaign Impression Calculator Social Media Channel Selection Tool Social Media Posting Calendar Tradeshow Evaluation Matrix Events Database Template Facilitating Insightful Focus Groups MarCom Calendar Marketing Strategy Plan MARCOM PLAN Framework Leverage the framework below to quickly empower your organization's marketing communications strategy. (slideshare.net)
  • Demand Metric believes the MarCom plan is separate and supports the marketing strategy and individual product-marketing plans. (slideshare.net)
  • Strategic Direction STAGE 1 MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PLAN Begin the creation of your MarCom plan by reviewing corporate marketing strategy. (slideshare.net)
  • It's in this area of your business plan that you'll hone the key elements of your marketing strategy. (score.org)
  • Before you start actually executing your marketing strategy, however, think about "branding. (score.org)
  • This branding will be reflected in the execution of your marketing strategy. (score.org)
  • You've agreed to pay this partner $1 for each referral, so you'll spend $100 on referrals for your marketing strategy. (score.org)
  • Aspects and theories this programme can seek positions in international firms within of brand management will be presented and discussed in order marketing, strategy, brand and product management, sales and to develop knowledge on how to manage in a global brand marketing research. (lu.se)
  • marketing research, business intelligence, scenario planning, International consumer trends, brands and innovation strategy and innovation. (lu.se)
  • Also called consumer or audience research, this step is designed to enhance your understanding of your target audience's characteristics, attitudes, beliefs, values, behaviors, determinants, benefits, and barriers to behavior change in order to create a strategy for social marketing programs. (cdc.gov)
  • Market strategy encompasses the specific target audience segment(s), the specific desired behavior change goal, the benefits you will offer, and the interventions that will influence or support behavior change. (cdc.gov)
  • Test, execute and improve marketing automation to improve efficiency and ROI. (sas.com)
  • The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) administers programs that create domestic and international marketing opportunities for U.S. producers of food, fiber, and specialty crops. (usda.gov)
  • More rarely, a trade association or government agency (such as the Agricultural Marketing Service) advertises on behalf of an entire industry or locality, often a specific type of food (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • AMA Digital Marketing Copywriting - October (Sold Out! (ama.org)
  • As it turns out, one of the High Grown firms' superpower is digital marketing. (bdcnetwork.com)
  • Specializing in healthcare marketing, including digital solutions, we've helped countless practices thrive. (practicebuilders.com)
  • The same goes for digital marketing. (wordstream.com)
  • Our job today is to "show your work" for you, with 165 key digital marketing statistics in five different categories. (wordstream.com)
  • Why are digital marketing statistics important? (wordstream.com)
  • Digital marketing statistics help you stay competitive. (wordstream.com)
  • When you're leveraging digital marketing statistics, you have full confidence in what's going to work. (wordstream.com)
  • After all, your digital marketing efforts will be fruitless without a strong website. (wordstream.com)
  • Get a birds' eye view of the digital marketing industry with these FAQs and stats. (wordstream.com)
  • How big is the digital marketing industry? (wordstream.com)
  • The global digital advertising and marketing market was estimated at $350 billion in 2020 and is projected to reach $786.2 billion by 2026. (wordstream.com)
  • The U.S. digital advertising and marketing market is currently estimated at $460 billion . (wordstream.com)
  • What is the growth rate of digital marketing? (wordstream.com)
  • The compound annual growth rate of digital marketing from 2020-2026 is projected at 9% . (wordstream.com)
  • 63% of businesses have increased their digital marketing budgets just this past year. (wordstream.com)
  • Between 2020 and 2021, there was a 14% growth rate in digital marketing budget spending across businesses. (wordstream.com)
  • What percent of marketing is digital? (wordstream.com)
  • 72% of overall marketing budgets get put towards digital marketing channels. (wordstream.com)
  • 55% of marketing is digital. (wordstream.com)
  • [1] Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers. (wikipedia.org)
  • This form of marketing effectively targets the mobile digital environment of customers and prospects. (oracle.com)
  • That's digital marketing done right. (sas.com)
  • There is clearly a transition from IT owning technological innovation to the marketing department owning the vast majority of digital and technological innovation. (forbes.com)
  • You'll do this by studying specialist modules on subjects such as new product development, digital marketing, and global advertising and brand promotion. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Our digital marketing team is growing, and we are looking for passionate, energetic team members with a thirst for knowledge to join us. (collegegrad.com)
  • It's a streaming world out there and that means video isn't simply a flashy digital marketing asset, it's an effective sales tool. (adobe.com)
  • Direct mail takes 21% less cognitive effort to process than digital marketing because it's tactile and "real", which leads to longer-lasting emotional connections and brand recall. (xerox.com)
  • The objective of the course is to introduce the emerging technologies and their impacts on digital marketing. (lu.se)
  • Literature from academic and professional sources will allow students to (1) improve their knowledge of new technologies, and (2) understand how such new technologies are implemented into digital marketing practices. (lu.se)
  • An auxiliary objective of the course is to inform students regarding digital marketing practices across globe, focusing not only on developed countries, but also on emerging markets. (lu.se)
  • Second, an individual assignment that assesses the students' understanding and skills in practical aspects of digital marketing. (lu.se)
  • We regularly field inquiries from national and regional engineering firms about marketing and lead generation services - and in particular, about the latest trends in professional services marketing. (bdcnetwork.com)
  • Current trends in healthcare marketing include a focus on services over brand or image, personalization over standardization, and building long-term relationships. (medscape.com)
  • Barchart is a leading provider of market data and services to the global financial, media, and commodity industries. (barchart.com)
  • While the marketing spend on print advertising continues to decline (see Hinge's own research on marketing for professional services ), some firms insist on wasting their hard-earned dollars. (bdcnetwork.com)
  • If they embraced the revolution currently underway in professional services marketing, would they be better off? (bdcnetwork.com)
  • We document the online revolution in our free book, Online Marketing for Professional Services . (bdcnetwork.com)
  • You will also study as either global or services marketing. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Ninety percent of brands using Experian's consumer data-driven marketing tools report better customer outcomes as a direct result of our services. (experian.com)
  • Amazon continues its foray into the health services market, making One Medical services available to Prime members for $9 per month. (webpronews.com)
  • Marketing is the process of identifying customers and "creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging" goods and services for the satisfaction and retention of those customers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continuity marketing is a method of providing goods or services to consumers that relies on direct marketing and continues into perpetuity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The flip side of knowing your own practice and your services is understanding your target market. (medscape.com)
  • Social marketing is critical to ensuring not just awareness of your programs and services, but also that they reach people where they are to help bring them to where they need to be mentally, emotionally, socially, and physically. (cdc.gov)
  • That's a problem, according to Andrea Eliscu, president of Medical Marketing Inc and author of four books on building healthcare practices. (medscape.com)
  • When it comes to small medical practices, "good marketing is 80% of their survival. (medscape.com)
  • Even the busiest small practices can be nimble in deploying announcements that serve a marketing mission. (medscape.com)
  • The latest moves in crypto markets, in context. (coindesk.com)
  • The text for the European Union's landmark Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) Regulation could be ready within six weeks, leading lawmaker Stefan Berger said Thursday. (coindesk.com)
  • In the meantime, crypto market players are waiting to know the exact answer. (coindesk.com)
  • Consequently, the dentist becomes responsible for the effectiveness and evaluation of the marketing program of the office, and may be helped by the auxiliary personnel. (bvsalud.org)
  • Martech is notoriously complex and dynamic, so it's no surprise that low-code is finding its way into the marketing department. (forrester.com)
  • The biggest obstacle to greater martech utilization is the complexity/sprawl of organizations' current marketing technology ecosystems. (marketingcharts.com)
  • Analysis on growth opportunities in different products, types, end use industries, and regions for the film capacitor market. (lucintel.com)
  • LocaliQ provides marketing products backed by proprietary technology to help businesses seize their potential. (wordstream.com)
  • He claimed that this resulted in $13 million worth of sales of DEC products, [2] and highlighted the potential of marketing through mass emails. (wikipedia.org)
  • Products can be marketed to other businesses (B2B marketing) or directly to consumers (B2C marketing). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cigarette and smokeless tobacco companies spend billions of dollars each year to market their products. (cdc.gov)
  • I have read, understood and accepted Gartner Separate Consent Letter , whereby I agree (1) to provide Gartner with my personal information, and understand that information will be transferred outside of mainland China and processed by Gartner group companies and other legitimate processing parties and (2) to be contacted by Gartner group companies via internet, mobile/telephone and email, for the purposes of sales, marketing and research. (gartner.com)
  • In Stage 2, you will study core subjects such as research methods, strategic marketing and consumer behaviour. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Fuel your process with market research. (adobe.com)
  • Market research will ensure your work is based on data, not on guesswork. (adobe.com)
  • The marketing mix, which outlines the specifics of the product and how it will be sold, is affected by the environment surrounding the product, the results of marketing research and market research, and the characteristics of the product's target market. (wikipedia.org)
  • The AMA reviews this definition and its definition for "marketing research" every three years. (wikipedia.org)
  • As with email marketing, your list can be built by gathering contact information from prospects and customers through other interactions your business has with them (signing up for a newsletter or webinar, a previous purchase, and so forth). (oracle.com)
  • Clearly there's a seismic shift in the new business economy where the world's leading companies are now driven by one discipline -- marketing. (forbes.com)
  • So the function of marketing is definitely becoming more central to growing the business. (forbes.com)
  • Business-to-consumer brand leaders need to cozy up to the idea of putting their customers in the CMO seat and leaning into next-gen marketing strategi. (clickz.com)
  • Master the art and science of professional marketing that drives the success of every business and brand. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Job Description Summary The Marketing Assistant is responsible for assisting the Business Development Liaison in maintaining daily operations of referrals. (collegegrad.com)
  • We understand that marketing plays an essential role in the success of any business. (collegegrad.com)
  • Create the right small business marketing for your target audience. (adobe.com)
  • Good small business marketing begins by understanding your target market and meeting them in the channels they use most. (adobe.com)
  • Create marketing for the channels your business needs. (adobe.com)
  • Large brands may have the ability to produce marketing for every imaginable channel, but small business owners have to prioritize where to allot their resources. (adobe.com)
  • You can't talk about online marketing these days without looking at the impact social media has on business. (adobe.com)
  • Receive in-depth profiles of current customers - Combine Experian's business marketing and credit data with your internal customer data to identify your customers' key characteristics, across your portfolio. (experian.com)
  • The sales and marketing section of your business plan is especially crucial because it determines how you'll plan on generating profit and describes how you intend to create exposure to best sell your product. (score.org)
  • The term marketing, what is commonly known as attracting customers, incorporates knowledge gained by studying the management of exchange relationships and is the business process of identifying, anticipating and satisfying customers' needs and wants. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a Medscape report, more than 1 in 4 physicians expressed distaste for the practical realities of running a business, and numerous respondents identified marketing as particularly difficult and costly. (medscape.com)
  • Market Intel- an MSc in Business Administration with a specialisation in ligence. (lu.se)
  • The School's close ties to the international business community how to build brand awareness and loyalty in international and extensive network of corporate partners ensure practical markets. (lu.se)
  • [3] That interaction can be more personal to users than traditional methods of outbound marketing and advertising. (wikipedia.org)
  • We had Haley Marketing create a 13-week email campaign for us. (haleymarketing.com)
  • Email marketing returns $36 for every $1 spent. (wordstream.com)
  • Small businesses claim that email marketing is the marketing channel that brings them the highest return on investment . (wordstream.com)
  • Email marketing is the act of sending a commercial message , typically to a group of people, using email . (wikipedia.org)
  • In its broadest sense, every email sent to a potential or current customer could be considered email marketing . (wikipedia.org)
  • Email marketing has evolved rapidly alongside the technological growth of the 21st century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Before this growth, when emails were novelties to most customers, email marketing was not as effective. (wikipedia.org)
  • Marketing an independent medical practice has evolved rapidly in the past decade. (medscape.com)
  • Eliscu's self-practice assessment for a new client serves as the foundation for a marketing plan. (medscape.com)
  • Marketing itself is very important for solving the problems of competitiveness of daily private practice, but in several times its application methods may raise concern due to the current regulations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Social marketing is the use of marketing theory, skills, and practice to achieve social change, promote general health, raise awareness, and induce changes in behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • This tool is based on best practice social marketing principles, and assists in developing, implementing, and evaluating an effective social marketing plan. (cdc.gov)
  • Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. (lucintel.com)
  • Learn how to plan and manage your marketing programs more efficiently and effectively than ever before. (sas.com)
  • This is important because your marketing communications plan directs how you will communicate with employees, clients, media, and other parties. (slideshare.net)
  • Your marketing communications plan directs how you will communi- cate with various audiences: employees, clients, media, and others. (slideshare.net)
  • 5MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PLAN What Is a Marketing Communications Plan? (slideshare.net)
  • The actual implementation of your sales and marketing initiatives actually occurs before you launch, when you've set your go-to-market date so strategize the components of your sales and marketing plan early on. (score.org)
  • After you document the marketing plan activities, calculate the costs that you expect to incur. (score.org)
  • Marketing science has developed a concrete process that can be followed to create a marketing plan. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is a plan of action for your entire communications and social marketing program. (cdc.gov)
  • You can establish a multichannel marketing platform -- and create a consistent customer experience at every touch point. (sas.com)
  • The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. (lu.se)
  • Streamline your marketing operations. (sas.com)
  • Location-based marketing uses proximity devices to deliver app-based advertisements to a target market based on their specific location. (oracle.com)
  • There comes a time when common sense marketing must intersect with the science of analytics if you want to turn data about your customers into something you can actually use to deliver timely, relevant offers that delight customers, rather than annoy them. (sas.com)
  • Deliver a cohesive, personalized retail marketing campaign that builds your connection with each customer. (oracle.com)
  • Over 20% of businesses say that the number of leads generated is the primary factor they base the success of their marketing channels . (wordstream.com)
  • What marketing channels are more appropriate for an early startup? (lu.se)
  • Some definitions of marketing highlight marketing's ability to produce value to shareholders of the firm as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • Text message marketing reaches your prospects and customers with a text about an offer, announcement, or other news. (oracle.com)
  • Build marketing automation workflows based on customers' data and behavior. (getresponse.com)
  • In addition to the marketing activities, our customer and distributor experience efforts are driving how service works, how customer interactions happen, and how sales occur. (forbes.com)
  • Director of Sales & Marketing Our company is looking for a Director of Sales & Marketing with a passion for hospitality and incredible leadership abilities. (collegegrad.com)
  • We are looking for someone with a marketing and sales background to drive sales through website leads, incoming calls, and follow up. (collegegrad.com)
  • About 1 in 7 (14% of) organizations are regularly using generative AI in marketing and sales. (marketingcharts.com)
  • My latest report, Chatbots Are Transforming Marketing , shows B2C marketing professionals how to use chatbots for marketing by focusing on the discover, explore, and engage stages of the customer life cycle. (forrester.com)
  • If your marketing efforts don't show up where your ideal customer needs to see them and they don't match up with what your ideal customer needs, all your work will fall flat. (adobe.com)
  • But self-employed physicians who haven't changed so swiftly can still make up ground by following certain easily digested, fundamental marketing principles. (medscape.com)
  • Thanks to marketing automation, I can finally focus on strategic solutions rather than manual execution. (getresponse.com)
  • Knowing this helps you keep the main goal of your social marketing effort top of mind. (cdc.gov)
  • The figure below shows the most successful marketing use cases for chatbots today and their potential for the future. (forrester.com)
  • To make sure those attempts to connect are as effective as possible, it's important to establish consistent branding for your company that will show up in your marketing materials. (adobe.com)
  • At the end of this study, most authors agreed that internal marketing is the most effective due to low cost. (bvsalud.org)
  • The "marketing concept" proposes that to complete its organizational objectives, an organization should anticipate the needs and wants of potential consumers and satisfy them more effectively than its competitors. (wikipedia.org)
  • A career at RBC Capital Markets means being part of a team that values perpetual learning, growth and mentorship. (rbccm.com)
  • What is the growth forecast for film capacitor market? (lucintel.com)
  • What are the major drivers influencing the growth of the film capacitor market? (lucintel.com)
  • and how marketing is becoming central and the driver of revenue growth. (forbes.com)
  • To effectively implement a social marketing campaign, you'll want to undertake the proper health communications preparation, execution, and follow-up so you can ensure your communications and social marketing efforts succeed. (cdc.gov)
  • Marketing analytics is the study of data to evaluate the performance of a marketing activity. (sas.com)
  • Learn more about the Marketing Analytics from this product sheet. (experian.com)
  • Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. (lucintel.com)
  • This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape for the film capacitor market. (lucintel.com)
  • Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service. (wikipedia.org)
  • How do I market my product/service? (lu.se)
  • Thanks to the guys over at Haley Marketing… getting their input really helped us see a higher return on all our social media and advertising… All the team is easy to work with, very creative, very responsive and been a good partner to American StaffCorp. (haleymarketing.com)
  • Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists , bloggers , and the general public. (wikipedia.org)
  • On a strategic level, social media marketing includes the management of a marketing campaign, governance , setting the scope (e.g. more active or passive use) and the establishment of a firm's desired social media "culture" and "tone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Social media marketing then connects these consumers and audiences to businesses that share the same needs, wants, and values. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keep the conversation flowing with social media marketing. (adobe.com)
  • What Are the Most Important Features of a Social Media Platform for Marketing and Advertising? (marketingcharts.com)
  • Marketing toward women is dominated by themes of social desirability, empowerment, and independence, which are conveyed by advertisements featuring slim, attractive, and athletic models. (cdc.gov)
  • These steps draw on the CDCynergy social marketing tool at CDCynergyLite.pdf . (cdc.gov)
  • 30% of consumers are spending more time reading marketing or promotions that arrive in their home mailbox compared to before the coronavirus pandemic began. (xerox.com)
  • Here are a few of the most popular ways to use mobile marketing to engage with your audience. (oracle.com)
  • Engage with marketing for public, private and not-for-profit organisations. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Wildlife trade sites and POFI sites (black circles) where wildlife samples were collected for study of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife traded in markets for human consumption, Laos. (cdc.gov)
  • Increasingly marketing is not just a participant in technology discussions, but is jointly responsible with IT for many of the decisions due to the impact on client experience, privacy and brand protection. (forbes.com)
  • Finally- Marketing has always been responsible for protecting the promise of the brand. (forbes.com)
  • In the past, marketing executives were often thought of as brand people. (forbes.com)
  • Lund Campus prefer within the broader area of international marketing and · Application deadline: January 2024 brand management. (lu.se)
  • Having big data doesn't automatically lead to better marketing. (sas.com)
  • Data is the most powerful and versatile tool in your marketing arsenal. (experian.com)
  • Your input is greatly appreciated as we explore the current state of Revenue Marketing. (surveymonkey.com)