Mannitol
Mannitol Dehydrogenases
Diuretics, Osmotic
Propylene Glycols
Sugar Alcohols
Receptors, Lysosphingolipid
Drugs, Generic
Multiple Sclerosis
Metabolic characterization of Lactococcus lactis deficient in lactate dehydrogenase using in vivo 13C-NMR. (1/14)
The metabolism of glucose by nongrowing cells of Lactococcus lactis strain FI7851, constructed from the wild-type L. lactis strain MG1363 by disruption of the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene [Gasson, M.J., Benson, K., Swindel, S. & Griffin, H. (1996) Lait 76, 33-40] was studied in a noninvasive manner by 13C-NMR. The kinetics of the build-up and consumption of the pools of intracellular intermediates mannitol 1-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and phosphoenolpyruvate as well as the utilization of [1-13C]glucose and formation of products (lactate, acetate, mannitol, ethanol, acetoin, 2,3-butanediol) were monitored in vivo with a time resolution of 30 s. The metabolism of glucose by the parental wild-type strain was also examined for comparison. A clear shift from typical homolactic fermentation (parental strain) to a mixed acid fermentation (lactate dehdydrogenase deficient; LDHd strain) was observed. Furthermore, high levels of mannitol were transiently produced and metabolized once glucose was depleted. Mannitol 1-phosphate accumulated intracellularly up to 76 mM concentration. Mannitol was formed from fructose 6-phosphate by the combined action of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphatase. The results show that the formation of mannitol 1-phosphate by the LDHd strain during glucose catabolism is a consequence of impairment in NADH oxidation caused by a highly reduced LDH activity, the transient production of mannitol 1-phosphate serving as a regeneration pathway for NAD+ regeneration. Oxygen availability caused a drastic change in the pattern of intermediates and end-products, reinforcing the key-role of the fulfilment of the redox balance. The flux control coefficients for the step catalysed by mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase were calculated and the implications in the design of metabolic engineering strategies are discussed. (+info)Mannitol 1-phosphate metabolism is required for sporulation in planta of the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. (2/14)
An expressed sequence tag encoding a putative mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Mpd1) has been characterized from the fungal wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. Mpd1 was disrupted by insertional mutagenesis, and the resulting mpd1 strains lacked all detectable NAD-linked mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1.17). The growth rates, sporulation, and spore viability of the mutant strains in vitro were not significantly different from the wild type. The viability of the mpd1 spores when subjected to heat stress was comparable to wild type. Characterization of the sugar alcohol content by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that, when grown on glucose, the mutant strains contained significantly less mannitol, less arabitol, but more trehalose than the wild-type strains. The mannitol content of fructose-grown cultures was normal. No secreted mannitol could be detected in wild type or mutants. Pathogenicity assays revealed the disruption of Mpd1 did not affect lesion development, however the mutants were unable to sporulate. These results throw new light on the role of mannitol in fungal plant interactions, suggesting a role in metabolic and redox regulation during the critical process of sporulation on senescing leaf material. (+info)High resolution reaction intermediates of rabbit muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase: substrate cleavage and induced fit. (3/14)
Crystal structures were determined to 1.8 A resolution of the glycolytic enzyme fructose-1,6-bis(phosphate) aldolase trapped in complex with its substrate and a competitive inhibitor, mannitol-1,6-bis(phosphate). The enzyme substrate complex corresponded to the postulated Schiff base intermediate and has reaction geometry consistent with incipient C3-C4 bond cleavage catalyzed Glu-187, which is adjacent by to the Schiff base forming Lys-229. Atom arrangement about the cleaved bond in the reaction intermediate mimics a pericyclic transition state occurring in nonenzymatic aldol condensations. Lys-146 hydrogen-bonds the substrate C4 hydroxyl and assists substrate cleavage by stabilizing the developing negative charge on the C4 hydroxyl during proton abstraction. Mannitol-1,6-bis(phosphate) forms a noncovalent complex in the active site whose binding geometry mimics the covalent carbinolamine precursor. Glu-187 hydrogen-bonds the C2 hydroxyl of the inhibitor in the enzyme complex, substantiating a proton transfer role by Glu-187 in catalyzing the conversion of the carbinolamine intermediate to Schiff base. Modeling of the acyclic substrate configuration into the active site shows Glu-187, in acid form, hydrogen-bonding both substrate C2 carbonyl and C4 hydroxyl, thereby aligning the substrate ketose for nucleophilic attack by Lys-229. The multifunctional role of Glu-187 epitomizes a canonical mechanistic feature conserved in Schiff base-forming aldolases catalyzing carbohydrate metabolism. Trapping of tagatose-1,6-bis(phosphate), a diastereoisomer of fructose 1,6-bis(phosphate), displayed stereospecific discrimination and reduced ketohexose binding specificity. Each ligand induces homologous conformational changes in two adjacent alpha-helical regions that promote phosphate binding in the active site. (+info)Effect of oxygen on glucose metabolism: utilization of lactate in Staphylococcus aureus as revealed by in vivo NMR studies. (4/14)
(+info)HPr/HPr-P phosphoryl exchange reaction catalyzed by the mannitol specific enzyme II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. (5/14)
The mannitol specific Enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli catalyzes an exchange reaction in which a phosphoryl moiety is transferred from one molecule of the heat stable phosphocarrier protein HPr to another. An assay was developed for measuring this reaction. Unlabeled phospho-HPr and 125I-labeled free HPr were incubated together in the presence of Enzyme IImtl, and production of 125I-labeled phospho-HPr was measured. The reaction was concentration-dependent with respect to Enzyme IImtl and did not occur in its absence. The reaction occurred in the absence of Mg2+ in the presence of 10 mM EDTA. Treatment of Enzyme IImtl with the histidyl reagent diethylpyrocarbonate inactivated it with respect to the exchange reaction. Levels of N-ethylmaleimide which inactivate Enzyme IImtl with respect to both P-enolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of mannitol and mannitol/mannitol-1-P transphosphorylation did not affect its activity in the exchange reaction; however, treatment with another sulfhydryl reagent, p-chloromercuribenzoate, resulted in partial inactivation. The pH optimum for the Enzyme IImtl-catalyzed exchange reaction was about 7.5. Enzyme I and the glucose specific Enzyme III, two other E. coli phosphotransferase system proteins which, like Enzyme IImtl, interact directly with HPr, were also shown to catalyze 125I-HPr/HPr-P phosphoryl exchange. (+info)Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Chemical properties and binding of substrates. (6/14)
Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity, and some chemical and physical properties were examined. The isoelectric point is 4.19. Amino acid analysis and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in presence of SDS indicate a subunit Mr of about 22,000, whereas gel filtration and electrophoresis of the native enzyme indicate an Mr of 45,000. Thus the enzyme is a dimer. Amino acid analysis showed cysteine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan to be present in low quantities, one, three, four and four residues per subunit respectively. The zinc content is not significant to activity. The enzyme is inactivated (greater than 99%) by reaction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) with the single thiol group; the inactivation rate depends hyperbolically on reagent concentration, indicating non-covalent binding of the reagent before covalent modification. The pH-dependence indicated a pKa greater than 10.5 for the thiol group. Coenzymes (NAD+ and NADH) at saturating concentrations protect completely against reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate), and substrates (mannitol 1-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate) protect strongly but not completely. These results suggest that the thiol group is near the catalytic site, and indicate that substrates as well as coenzymes bind to free enzyme. Dissociation constants were determined from these protective effects: 0.6 +/- 0.1 microM for NADH, 0.2 +/- 0.03 mM for NAD+, 9 +/- 3 microM for mannitol 1-phosphate, 0.06 +/- 0.03 mM for fructose 6-phosphate. The binding order for reaction thus may be random for mannitol 1-phosphate oxidation, though ordered for fructose 6-phosphate reduction. Coenzyme and substrate binding in the E X NADH-mannitol 1-phosphate complex is weaker than in the binary complexes, though in the E X NADH+-fructose 6-phosphate complex binding is stronger. (+info)Conversion of D-mannitol to D-ribose: a newly discovered pathway in Escherichia coli. (7/14)
A mutant (mtlD) strain of Escherichia coli unable to oxidize mannitol-1-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate was used to study the fate of mannitol-1-phosphate. D-[1-14C]mannitol entered the cells via the phosphotransferase system and was phosphorylated equally at carbon 1 or 6. The label disappeared gradually from the mannitol-1-phosphate pool, and some 60% of the 14C was recovered in nucleic acids. Ribose was isolated from the purified RNA. The 14C label distribution in the isolated ribose precluded a simple hexose-to-pentose conversion by elimination of one terminal carbon from mannitol-1-phosphate. The 14C from mannitol-1-phosphate that did not enter macromolecules was found in CO2 and in some organic, non-phosphorylated compounds that were not identified. We suggest that the de novo synthesis of mannitol-1-phosphate in E. coli may be a reaction specifically dedicated to the biosynthesis of ribose. (+info)Genetic dissection of catalytic activities of the Salmonella typhimurium mannitol enzyme II. (8/14)
Approximately 60 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated which exhibited altered levels of the activities of the mannitol enzyme II. The mutants were grouped into six distinct categories based on their mannitol fermentation, transport, chemotaxis, and phosphorylation activities. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mannitol Phosphates" is not a recognized medical term or concept in the way that, for example, "sodium chloride" is a specific chemical compound or "myocardial infarction" is a medical condition.
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol used as a medication, typically as an osmotic diuretic to reduce intracranial pressure or as a treatment for kidney failure. It can be administered intravenously or by mouth.
Phosphates, on the other hand, are a group of salts that contain the phosphate ion (PO43-). They have various uses in medicine and biology, such as in nutrition supplements, antacids, and laxatives.
It's possible that you may be looking for information on mannitol or phosphates separately, or there may be a specific medical context or compound that you have in mind. If you could provide more information about what you are looking for, I would be happy to help you further!
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol (a sugar substitute) used primarily as a diuretic to reduce brain swelling caused by traumatic brain injury or other causes that induce increased pressure in the brain. It works by drawing water out of the body through the urine. It's also used before surgeries in the heart, lungs, and kidneys to prevent fluid buildup.
In addition, mannitol is used in medical laboratories as a medium for growing bacteria and other microorganisms, and in some types of chemical research. In the clinic, it is also used as an osmotic agent in eye drops to reduce the pressure inside the eye in conditions such as glaucoma.
It's important to note that mannitol should be used with caution in patients with heart or kidney disease, as well as those who are dehydrated, because it can lead to electrolyte imbalances and other complications.
Phosphates, in a medical context, refer to the salts or esters of phosphoric acid. Phosphates play crucial roles in various biological processes within the human body. They are essential components of bones and teeth, where they combine with calcium to form hydroxyapatite crystals. Phosphates also participate in energy transfer reactions as phosphate groups attached to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, they contribute to buffer systems that help maintain normal pH levels in the body.
Abnormal levels of phosphates in the blood can indicate certain medical conditions. High phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia) may be associated with kidney dysfunction, hyperparathyroidism, or excessive intake of phosphate-containing products. Low phosphate levels (hypophosphatemia) might result from malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or certain diseases affecting the small intestine or kidneys. Both hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia can have significant impacts on various organ systems and may require medical intervention.
Mannitol dehydrogenases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of mannitol to mannose or the reverse reduction reaction, depending on the cofactor used. These enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of mannitol, a sugar alcohol found in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and plants.
There are two main types of mannitol dehydrogenases:
1. Mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (MT-2DH; EC 1.1.1.67): This enzyme oxidizes mannitol to fructose, using NAD+ as a cofactor. It is widely distributed in bacteria and fungi, contributing to their metabolic versatility.
2. Mannitol-1-dehydrogenase (MT-1DH; EC 1.1.1.17): This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of mannitol to mannose, using NADP+ as a cofactor. It is primarily found in plants and some bacteria, where it plays a role in osmoregulation and stress response.
In summary, mannitol dehydrogenases are enzymes that facilitate the interconversion of mannitol and its corresponding sugars (mannose or fructose) through oxidation-reduction reactions.
Osmotic diuretics are a type of diuretic medication that increase the excretion of urine by increasing the osmolarity of filtrate in the renal tubules. This is achieved by the drugs being freely filtered through the glomerulus and then not being reabsorbed in the tubules, which creates an osmotic gradient that promotes the movement of water into the tubular lumen, thereby increasing urine production.
Examples of osmotic diuretics include mannitol and urea. These medications are primarily used to promote diuresis in patients with conditions such as cerebral edema or increased intracranial pressure, as well as in the treatment of acute renal failure. It is important to note that osmotic diuretics can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if not used carefully, so close monitoring of fluid and electrolyte levels is necessary during treatment.
Propylene glycol is not a medical term, but rather a chemical compound. Medically, it is classified as a humectant, which means it helps retain moisture. It is used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as a solvent, preservative, and moisturizer. In medical settings, it can be found in topical creams, oral and injectable medications, and intravenous (IV) fluids.
The chemical definition of propylene glycol is:
Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propan-1,2-diol) is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. It is a viscous, colorless, and nearly odorless liquid that is miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. Propylene glycol is used as an antifreeze when mixed with water, as a solvent in the production of polymers, and as a moisturizer in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. It has a sweet taste and is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a food additive.
A patent, in the context of medicine and healthcare, generally refers to a government-granted exclusive right for an inventor to manufacture, use, or sell their invention for a certain period of time, typically 20 years from the filing date. In the medical field, patents may cover a wide range of inventions, including new drugs, medical devices, diagnostic methods, and even genetic sequences.
The purpose of patents is to provide incentives for innovation by allowing inventors to profit from their inventions. However, patents can also have significant implications for access to medical technologies and healthcare costs. For example, a patent on a life-saving drug may give the patent holder the exclusive right to manufacture and sell the drug, potentially limiting access and driving up prices.
It's worth noting that the patent system is complex and varies from country to country. In some cases, there may be ways to challenge or circumvent patents in order to increase access to medical technologies, such as through compulsory licensing or generic substitution.
Sugar alcohols, also known as polyols, are carbohydrates that are chemically similar to sugar but have a different molecular structure. They occur naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but most sugar alcohols used in food products are manufactured.
The chemical structure of sugar alcohols contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) instead of a hydrogen and a ketone or aldehyde group, which makes them less sweet than sugar and have fewer calories. They are not completely absorbed by the body, so they do not cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels, making them a popular sweetener for people with diabetes.
Common sugar alcohols used in food products include xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, and maltitol. They are often used as sweeteners in sugar-free and low-sugar foods such as candy, chewing gum, baked goods, and beverages.
However, consuming large amounts of sugar alcohols can cause digestive symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea, due to their partial absorption in the gut. Therefore, it is recommended to consume them in moderation.
Lysosphingolipid receptors are a type of cell surface receptor that bind to lysosphingolipids, which are bioactive lipids derived from the degradation of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids that play important roles in cell signaling and membrane structure.
Lysosphingolipids, such as lysosulfatide, lyso-Gb1 (lysoganglioside GM1), and lyso-PS (lysophosphatidylserine), have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Lysosphingolipid receptors include several proteins, such as P2X7 receptor, G2A receptor, and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member X2 (MRGX2), that have been identified to interact with lysosphingolipids and mediate their downstream signaling.
Abnormal accumulation of lysosphingolipids has been associated with several diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Therefore, understanding the biology of lysosphingolipid receptors may provide insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
A generic drug is a medication that contains the same active ingredients as an originally marketed brand-name drug, known as its "innovator" or "reference listed" drug. The active ingredient is the component of the drug that is responsible for its therapeutic effect. Generic drugs are required to have the same quality, strength, purity, and stability as their brand-name counterparts. They must also meet the same rigorous Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards regarding safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing.
Generic drugs are typically less expensive than their brand-name equivalents because generic manufacturers do not have to repeat the costly clinical trials that were required for the innovator drug. Instead, they demonstrate through bioequivalence studies that their product is therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug. This means that the generic drug delivers the same amount of active ingredient into a patient's bloodstream in the same timeframe as the brand-name drug.
In summary, generic drugs are copies of brand-name drugs with the same active ingredients, dosage forms, strengths, routes of administration, and intended uses. They must meet FDA regulations for safety, efficacy, and manufacturing standards, ensuring that they provide patients with the same therapeutic benefits as their brand-name counterparts at a more affordable price.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, called myelin, leading to damage and scarring (sclerosis). This results in disrupted communication between the brain and the rest of the body, causing a variety of neurological symptoms that can vary widely from person to person.
The term "multiple" refers to the numerous areas of scarring that occur throughout the CNS in this condition. The progression, severity, and specific symptoms of MS are unpredictable and may include vision problems, muscle weakness, numbness or tingling, difficulty with balance and coordination, cognitive impairment, and mood changes. There is currently no cure for MS, but various treatments can help manage symptoms, modify the course of the disease, and improve quality of life for those affected.
Benzamides are a class of organic compounds that consist of a benzene ring (a aromatic hydrocarbon) attached to an amide functional group. The amide group can be bound to various substituents, leading to a variety of benzamide derivatives with different biological activities.
In a medical context, some benzamides have been developed as drugs for the treatment of various conditions. For example, danzol (a benzamide derivative) is used as a hormonal therapy for endometriosis and breast cancer. Additionally, other benzamides such as sulpiride and amisulpride are used as antipsychotic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders.
It's important to note that while some benzamides have therapeutic uses, others may be toxic or have adverse effects, so they should only be used under the supervision of a medical professional.
Mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
Mannitol-1-phosphatase
Sorbitol
Sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase
Mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase
Phosphate nephropathy
Phosphotransferase
Mannose phosphate isomerase
Xylitol
Polyamorphism
Nimetazepam
Glyceraldehyde
1-Deoxynojirimycin
Vogel-Johnson agar
ATC code B05
Mannitol
List of MeSH codes (D09)
List of MeSH codes (D02)
Rhizobium binae
List of EC numbers (EC 3)
List of EC numbers (EC 1)
Rhizobium bangladeshense
Curvularia pallescens
ATC code A06
Fructokinase
ATC code V04
Acid-citrate-dextrose
List of MeSH codes (D08)
PEP group translocation
Haladaptatus paucihalophilus
Mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase - Wikipedia
Lycaon (Aluminum Phosphate; Mannitol) Boehringer Ingelheim
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Rhamnose1
- Strains of S. Enteritidis had better utilization of plant-derived sugars such as xylose, mannitol, rhamnose, and fructose, while S. Typhimurium strains were able to metabolize tagatose. (usda.gov)
Sodium8
- Each group was submitted to a bowel preparation with one of the following solutions: 10% manitol, sodium picosulphate or sodium phosphate. (nih.gov)
- Postural blood pressure and pulse rate as well as serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate were compared. (nih.gov)
- Sodium phosphate and 10% manitol solutions provided superior results in terms of colon cleansing compared to sodium picosulphate solution. (nih.gov)
- High levels of serum phosphate were the most striking alteration in patients prepared with sodium phosphate solution, again with no clinical signs. (nih.gov)
- Sodium phosphate and 10% manitol solutions are equivalent in providing good quality colon cleansing, with no significant side effects that could compromise the procedure. (nih.gov)
- Each mL contains 25 mg of the active ingredient fludarabine phosphate, 25 mg of mannitol, water for injection, q.s., and sodium hydroxide to adjust pH to 6.8. (guidelinecentral.com)
- sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of mannitol by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
- 24 mg Mannitol :41 mg/g Tampon phosphate sodium pH 7,1 q.s.p. 1g (contient du mannitol). (pearltrees.com)
Fructose2
- In enzymology, a mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol 1-phosphate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are fructose 6-phosphate, NADH and H+. (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use include hexose reductase, mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose 6-phosphate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism1
- The sequences of nine genes involved in phosphate metabolism were compared, and there were differences between serovars in the catalytic - ATP binding domain of the histidine kinase phoR. (usda.gov)
Escherichia3
- Jacobson, G.R., Lee, C.A. and Saier, M.H., Jr. Purification of the mannitol-specific enzyme II of the Escherichia coli phospho enol pyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. (enzyme-database.org)
- Elferink, M.G., Driessen, A.J. and Robillard, G.T. Functional reconstitution of the purified phospho enol pyruvate-dependent mannitol-specific transport system of Escherichia coli in phospholipid vesicles: coupling between transport and phosphorylation. (enzyme-database.org)
- Boer, H., ten Hoeve-Duurkens, R.H. and Robillard, G.T. Relation between the oligomerization state and the transport and phosphorylation function of the Escherichia coli mannitol transport protein: interaction between mannitol-specific enzyme II monomers studied by complementation of inactive site-directed mutants. (enzyme-database.org)
Mannose1
- Strains of Enteritidis and Typhimurium utilized sugars such as D-mannose and D-mannitol as carbon and energy sources better than strains of Kentucky. (usda.gov)
Enzyme3
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-mannitol-1-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
- The reaction involves a successive transfer of the phosphate group to several amino acids within the enzyme before the final transfer to the substrate. (enzyme-database.org)
- Lee, C.A. and Saier, M.H., Jr. Mannitol-specific enzyme II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. (enzyme-database.org)
Serum1
- dichlorphenamide and mannitol both decrease serum potassium. (medscape.com)
Humans1
- Phase I studies in humans have demonstrated that fludarabine phosphate is rapidly converted to the active metabolite, 2-fluoro-ara-A, within minutes after intravenous infusion. (guidelinecentral.com)
PROTEIN1
- The phosphate donor, which is shared among the different systems, is a phospho-carrier protein of low molecular mass that has been phosphorylated by EC 2.7.3.9 (phospho enol pyruvate-protein phosphotransferase). (enzyme-database.org)
Strains2
Interaction1
- mannitol increases levels of tobramycin by unspecified interaction mechanism. (medscape.com)
Solution1
- Fludarabine Phosphate Injection, USP is a sterile solution intended for intravenous administration. (guidelinecentral.com)
Properties2
- Here, the court noted that the board considered the negative properties of using mannitol (teaching-away), but was not convinced, and sufficient evidence supported the Board's decision. (patentlyo.com)
- In a lengthy brief, Novartis' discussion was relegated to one passing, unsupported sentence, stating that "[w]hile mannitol has some positive properties, it also has negative ones, including expense, poor machinability and possible impurities. (patentlyo.com)
Chemical1
- The chemical name for fludarabine phosphate is 9 H -Purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5- O -phosphono-ß-D-arabinofuranosyl) (2-fluoro-ara-AMP). (guidelinecentral.com)
Levels1
- mannitol decreases levels of magnesium chloride by increasing renal clearance. (medscape.com)
Effects1
- lurasidone increases effects of mannitol by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
Solid1
- Limited pharmacokinetic data for fludarabine phosphate for injection are available from a published study of children (ages 1 to 21 years) with refractory acute leukemias or solid tumors (Children's Cancer Group Study 097). (guidelinecentral.com)
Microcrystalline cellulose2
- In the present study, novel co-processed superdisintegrants were developed by spray drying method using microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol in different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) for use in the fast dissolving tablet formulations. (banglajol.info)
- Among the designed formulations, the formulation (MCM 3 ) containing 8 % w/w of co-processed superdisintegrant (1:3 mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol) emerged as the overall best formulation (t 50% 1.6 min) based on drug release characteristics in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer compared to commercial conventional tablet formulation (t 50% 6 min). (banglajol.info)
Dehydrogenase2
- In enzymology, a mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol 1-phosphate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are fructose 6-phosphate, NADH and H+. (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use include hexose reductase, mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, D-mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose 6-phosphate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
Reductase1
- Hexose phosphate and hexose reductase. (wikipedia.org)
Ingredients1
- Inactive ingredients are dibasic calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, pregelatinized starch (maize starch) and starch. (nih.gov)
Trehalose1
- RESULTS: Besides trehalose as major compatible solute, R. etli CE3 also accumulated glutamate and, if present in the medium, mannitol. (bvsalud.org)
Milk1
- Pigmentation can be induced by culturing bacteria into 30% milk agar, potato, and 1% glycerol monoacetate or phosphate agar. (universe84a.com)
Carbon1
- A Pathway for Photosynthetic Carbon Flow to Mannitol in Celery Leaves : Activity and Localization of Key Enzymes. (genome.jp)