Mandible. Medical search

Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.

Extraoral body-section radiography depicting an entire maxilla, or both maxilla and mandible, on a single film.

The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.

The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck.

The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve.

The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD.

One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.

Injuries to the lower jaw bone.

A physical misalignment of the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandibular) jaw bones in which either or both recede relative to the frontal plane of the forehead.

The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113)

Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery.

An articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

Insertion of an implant into the bone of the mandible or maxilla. The implant has an exposed head which protrudes through the mucosa and is a prosthodontic abutment.

The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion.

The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.

The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth.

Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.

Neoplasms produced from tooth-forming tissues.

Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

The stable placement of surgically induced fractures of the mandible or maxilla through the use of elastics, wire ligatures, arch bars, or other splints. It is used often in the cosmetic surgery of retrognathism and prognathism. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p636)

The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)

Cancers or tumors of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE unspecified. For neoplasms of the maxilla, MAXILLARY NEOPLASMS is available and of the mandible, MANDIBULAR NEOPLASMS is available.

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.

A prosthesis that gains its support, stability, and retention from a substructure that is implanted under the soft tissues of the basal seat of the device and is in contact with bone. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.

Necrosis of bone following radiation injury.

Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

Malocclusion in which the mandible is anterior to the maxilla as reflected by the first relationship of the first permanent molar (mesioclusion).

The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472)

Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)

Moving a retruded mandible forward to a normal position. It is commonly performed for malocclusion and retrognathia. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Abnormally small jaw.

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

Removable prosthesis constructed over natural teeth or implanted studs.

Computed tomography modalities which use a cone or pyramid-shaped beam of radiation.

Cysts found in the jaws and arising from epithelium involved in tooth formation. They include follicular cysts (e.g., primordial cyst, dentigerous cyst, multilocular cyst), lateral periodontal cysts, and radicular cysts. They may become keratinized (odontogenic keratocysts). Follicular cysts may give rise to ameloblastomas and, in rare cases, undergo malignant transformation.

A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.

The length of the face determined by the distance of separation of jaws. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD or VDO) or contact vertical dimension is the lower face height with the teeth in centric occlusion. Rest vertical dimension (VDR) is the lower face height measured from a chin point to a point just below the nose, with the mandible in rest position. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p250)

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.

Malocclusion in which the mandible is posterior to the maxilla as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (distoclusion).

The curve formed by the row of TEETH in their normal position in the JAW. The inferior dental arch is formed by the mandibular teeth, and the superior dental arch by the maxillary teeth.

The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. Dentition referring to the deciduous teeth is DENTITION, PRIMARY; to the permanent teeth, DENTITION, PERMANENT. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Saccular lesions lined with epithelium and contained within pathologically formed cavities in the jaw; also nonepithelial cysts (pseudocysts) as they apply to the jaw, e.g., traumatic or solitary cyst, static bone cavity, and aneurysmal bone cyst. True jaw cysts are classified as odontogenic or nonodontogenic.

One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)

Preprosthetic surgery involving rib, cartilage, or iliac crest bone grafts, usually autologous, or synthetic implants for rebuilding the alveolar ridge.

Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.

Extraoral devices for applying force to the dentition in order to avoid some of the problems in anchorage control met with in intermaxillary traction and to apply force in directions not otherwise possible.

The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.

Loose, usually removable intra-oral devices which alter the muscle forces against the teeth and craniofacial skeleton. These are dynamic appliances which depend on altered neuromuscular action to effect bony growth and occlusal development. They are usually used in mixed dentition to treat pediatric malocclusions. (ADA, 1992)

Two of the masticatory muscles: the internal, or medial, pterygoid muscle and external, or lateral, pterygoid muscle. Action of the former is closing the jaws and that of the latter is opening the jaws, protruding the mandible, and moving the mandible from side to side.

Rigid or flexible appliances that overlay the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. They are used to treat clenching and bruxism and their sequelae, and to provide temporary relief from muscle or temporomandibular joint pain.

Congenital malformation characterized by MICROGNATHIA or RETROGNATHIA; GLOSSOPTOSIS and CLEFT PALATE. The mandibular abnormalities often result in difficulties in sucking and swallowing. The syndrome may be isolated or associated with other syndromes (e.g., ANDERSEN SYNDROME; CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA). Developmental mis-expression of SOX9 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR gene on chromosome 17q and its surrounding region is associated with the syndrome.

Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.

The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)

Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.

A mixed tumor of odontogenic origin, in which both the epithelial and mesenchymal cells exhibit complete differentiation, resulting in the formation of tooth structures. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.

A benign tumor composed of bone tissue or a hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or on other structures (heteroplastic osteoma). (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Surgery performed to repair or correct the skeletal anomalies of the jaw and its associated dental and facial structures (e.g. CLEFT PALATE).

A condition marked by abnormal protrusion of the mandible. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Syndromes of bone destruction where the cause is not obvious such as neoplasia, infection, or trauma. The destruction follows various patterns: massive (Gorham disease), multicentric (HAJDU-CHENEY SYNDROME), or carpal/tarsal.

The mouth, teeth, jaws, pharynx, and related structures as they relate to mastication, deglutition, and speech.

Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance, that are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body.

A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures.

An odontogenic fibroma in which cells have developed into cementoblasts and which consists largely of cementum.

X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

Loose-fitting removable orthodontic appliances which redirect the pressures of the facial and masticatory muscles onto the teeth and their supporting structures to produce improvements in tooth arrangements and occlusal relations.

The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).

Either one of the two small elongated rectangular bones that together form the bridge of the nose.

Intraoral OSTEOTOMY of the lower jaw usually performed in order to correct MALOCCLUSION.

Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.

Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.

Either of a pair of bones that form the prominent part of the CHEEK and contribute to the ORBIT on each side of the SKULL.

Malocclusion in which the mandible and maxilla are anteroposteriorly normal as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (i.e., in neutroclusion), but in which individual teeth are abnormally related to each other.

A malocclusion in which maxillary incisor and canine teeth project over the mandiblar teeth excessively. The overlap is measured perpendicular to the occlusal plane and is also called vertical overlap. When the overlap is measured parallel to the occlusal plane it is referred to as overjet.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The scientific study of variations in size, shape, and proportion of the cranium.

The plan and delineation of dental prostheses in general or a specific dental prosthesis. It does not include DENTURE DESIGN. The framework usually consists of metal.

A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw.

A hollow part of the alveolar process of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE where each tooth fits and is attached via the periodontal ligament.

Contact between opposing teeth during a person's habitual bite.

Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.

A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

An orthodontic method used for correcting narrow or collapsed maxillary arches and functional cross-bite. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry),

The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Fractures of the upper or lower jaw.

The aftermost permanent tooth on each side in the maxilla and mandible.

The location of the maxillary and the mandibular condyles when they are in their most posterior and superior positions in their fossae of the temporomandibular joint.

The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.

A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech.

A fibro-osseous hereditary disease of the jaws. The swollen jaws and raised eyes give a cherubic appearance; multiple radiolucencies are evident upon radiographic examination.

Use of optic and geometric techniques to enhance radiographic image quality and interpretation. It includes use of microfocal X-ray tubes and intensifying fluoroscopic screens.

A mass of tissue that has been cut away from its surrounding areas to be used in TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).

Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.

Radiographic techniques used in dentistry.

The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.

Orthodontic appliances, fixed or removable, used to maintain teeth in corrected positions during the period of functional adaptation following corrective treatment. These appliances are also used to maintain the positions of the teeth and jaws gained by orthodontic procedures. (From Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p263)

Peculiarities associated with the internal structure, form, topology, or architecture of organisms that distinguishes them from others of the same species or group.

The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Recognition and elimination of potential irregularities and malpositions in the developing dentofacial complex.

Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).

The selective extraction of deciduous teeth during the stage of mixed dentition in accordance with the shedding and eruption of the teeth. It is done over an extended period to allow autonomous adjustment to relieve crowding of the dental arches during the eruption of the lateral incisors, canines, and premolars, eventually involving the extraction of the first premolar teeth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A extremely rare bone tumor characterized by abundant collagen formation and a fibrous stroma, without evidence of mitosis or pleomorphism. It appears on x-rays as an osteolytic lesion with well-defined margins and must be differentiated from primary fibrosarcoma of bone. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1441)

General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.

Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.

Increase in the mass of bone per unit volume.

The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).

FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.

A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)

The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p43)

The wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It is chiefly associated with aging. It is differentiated from TOOTH ABRASION (the pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by friction, as brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes) and from TOOTH EROSION (the loss of substance caused by chemical action without bacterial action). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p86)

The science devoted to the comparative study of man.

Insertion of an endosseous implant with a narrow wedge-shaped infrastructure extending through the oral mucosa into the mouth and bearing openings or vents through which tissue grows to obtain retention.

A bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. It houses the PITUITARY GLAND.

Production of a radiographic image of a small or very thin object on fine-grained photographic film under conditions which permit subsequent microscopic examination or enlargement of the radiograph at linear magnifications of up to several hundred and with a resolution approaching the resolving power of the photographic emulsion (about 1000 lines per millimeter).

Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

A circular structural unit of bone tissue. It consists of a central hole, the Haversian canal through which blood vessels run, surrounded by concentric rings, called lamellae.

Holding a DENTAL PROSTHESIS in place by its design, or by the use of additional devices or adhesives.

A denture replacing all natural teeth and associated structures in both the maxilla and mandible.

The comparative study of animal structure with regard to homologous organs or parts. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth.

An extra tooth, erupted or unerupted, resembling or unlike the other teeth in the group to which it belongs. Its presence may cause malposition of adjacent teeth or prevent their eruption.

The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.

The fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE surrounding the TOOTH ROOT, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS).

Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).

Attachment of orthodontic devices and materials to the MOUTH area for support and to provide a counterforce to orthodontic forces.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.

Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth.

Transverse sectioning and repositioning of the maxilla. There are three types: Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement or the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort II osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort III osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures with fracture of one or more facial bones. Le Fort III is often used also to correct craniofacial dysostosis and related facial abnormalities. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1203 & p662)

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.

The retention of a denture in place by design, device, or adhesion.

A dead body, usually a human body.

Bleeding from the blood vessels of the mouth, which may occur as a result of injuries to the mouth, accidents in oral surgery, or diseases of the gums.

The cat family in the order CARNIVORA comprised of muscular, deep-chested terrestrial carnivores with a highly predatory lifestyle.

The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.

An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.

A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.

The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)

Fractures of the upper jaw.

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A rare aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma, characterized by a biphasic histologic pattern of small compact cells intermixed with islands of cartilaginous matrix. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas have a predilection for flat bones; long tubular bones are rarely affected. They tend to occur in the younger age group and are highly metastatic. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1456)

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Traumatic injuries to the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. It may result in extreme pain, abnormal sensation in the areas the nerve innervates on face, jaw, gums and tongue and can cause difficulties with speech and chewing. It is sometimes associated with various dental treatments.

A registration of any positional relationship of the mandible in reference to the maxillae. These records may be any of the many vertical, horizontal, or orientation relations. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)

Usually a written medical and nursing care program designed for a particular patient.

The killing of animals for reasons of mercy, to control disease transmission or maintain the health of animal populations, or for experimental purposes (ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION).

A disease of young infants characterized by soft tissue swellings over the affected bones, fever, and irritability, and marked by periods of remission and exacerbation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesodermal core lined by ectoderm and endoderm on the two sides. In lower aquatic vertebrates, branchial arches develop into GILLS. In higher vertebrates, the arches forms outpouchings and develop into structures of the head and neck. Separating the arches are the branchial clefts or grooves.

The tip or terminal end of the root of a tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p62)

A benign tumor that consists chiefly of fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE, with variable numbers of MUSCLE CELLS forming portions of the neoplasm (From Stedman's, 27th ed).

Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.

The bone that forms the frontal aspect of the skull. Its flat part forms the forehead, articulating inferiorly with the NASAL BONE and the CHEEK BONE on each side of the face.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

Thin outer membrane that surrounds a bone. It contains CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CAPILLARIES, nerves, and a number of cell types.

The species Megaptera novaeangliae, in the family Balaenopteridae, characterized by its huge flippers and the arching of their back when diving. They are also known for their breaching and singing.

X-ray image-detecting devices that make a focused image of body structures lying in a predetermined plane from which more complex images are computed.

General or unspecified injuries involving the face and jaw (either upper, lower, or both).

A condition in which certain opposing teeth fail to establish occlusal contact when the jaws are closed.

Fibrous blood-filled cyst in the bone. Although benign it can be destructive causing deformity and fractures.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.

The growth action of bone tissue as it assimilates surgically implanted devices or prostheses to be used as either replacement parts (e.g., hip) or as anchors (e.g., endosseous dental implants).

Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)

Partial or total surgical excision of the tongue. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A plate of fibrous tissue that divides the temporomandibular joint into an upper and lower cavity. The disc is attached to the articular capsule and moves forward with the condyle in free opening and protrusion. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p92)

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).

The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.

Congenital or postnatal overgrowth syndrome most often in height and occipitofrontal circumference with variable delayed motor and cognitive development. Other associated features include advanced bone age, seizures, NEONATAL JAUNDICE; HYPOTONIA; and SCOLIOSIS. It is also associated with increased risk of developing neoplasms in adulthood. Mutations in the NSD1 protein and its HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY are associated with the syndrome.

A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.

Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)

The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.

Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.

The development and structure of the chimpanzee mandible. (1/1956)

The sites of growth and remodeling, and the associated changes in cortical bone structure, have been studied in the chimpanzee mandible and compared with those previously reported in the human and macaque mandibles. The location of the principal sites of growth, and the distribution of the areas of deposition and resorption in the ramus, were found to be similar in all three species. In the chimpanzee, unlike Man, the bone being deposited at the condyle, posterior border of the ramus and coronoid process was plexiform in nature, indicating very rapid growth. The pattern of remodeling in the mandibular body, on the other hand, showed marked species differences at the chin and on the submandibular lingual surface, which account for the contrasts seen in the adult morphology of these regions. Although the pattern of distribution of cortical densities differed from that of surface remodeling, the information they give is complementary in analysing bone growth. The densest regions were found to coincide with sites of consistent lamellar deposition, while the least dense regions were those where plexiform bone was formed. Areas where remodeling led to the greatest reorientation of bone tissue within the cortex showed the greatest disparity between the two patterns. (+info)

Modified cuspal relationships of mandibular molar teeth in children with Down's syndrome. (2/1956)

A total of 50 permanent mandibular 1st molars of 26 children with Down's syndrome (DS) were examined from dental casts and 59 permanent mandibular 1st molars of normal children were examined from 33 individuals. The following measurements were performed on both right and left molars (teeth 46 and 36 respectively): (a) the intercusp distances (mb-db, mb-d, mb-dl, db-ml, db-d, db-dl, db-ml, d-dl, d-ml, dl-ml); (b) the db-mb-ml, mb-db-ml, mb-ml-db, d-mb-dl, mb-d-dl, mb-dl-d angles; (c) the area of the pentagon formed by connecting the cusp tips. All intercusp distances were significantly smaller in the DS group. Stepwise logistic regression, applied to all the intercusp distances, was used to design a multivariate probability model for DS and normals. A model based on 2 distances only, mb-dl and mb-db, proved sufficient to discriminate between the teeth of DS and the normal population. The model for tooth 36 for example was as follows: p(DS) = (e(30.6-5.6(mb-dl)+25(mb-db)))/(1 + e(30.6 5.6(mb-dl)+25(mb db))). A similar model for tooth 46 was also created, as well as a model which incorporated both teeth. With respect to the angles, significant differences between DS and normals were found in 3 out of the 6 angles which were measured: the d-mb-dl angle was smaller than in normals, the mb-d-dl angle was higher, and the mb-dl-d angle was smaller. The dl cusp was located closer to the centre of the tooth. The change in size occurs at an early stage, while the change in shape occurs in a later stage of tooth formation in the DS population. (+info)

Role of the Bicoid-related homeodomain factor Pitx1 in specifying hindlimb morphogenesis and pituitary development. (3/1956)

Pitx1 is a Bicoid-related homeodomain factor that exhibits preferential expression in the hindlimb, as well as expression in the developing anterior pituitary gland and first branchial arch. Here, we report that Pitx1 gene-deleted mice exhibit striking abnormalities in morphogenesis and growth of the hindlimb, resulting in a limb that exhibits structural changes in tibia and fibula as well as patterning alterations in patella and proximal tarsus, to more closely resemble the corresponding forelimb structures. Deletion of the Pitx1 locus results in decreased distal expression of the hindlimb-specific marker, the T-box factor, Tbx4. On the basis of similar expression patterns in chick, targeted misexpression of chick Pitx1 in the developing wing bud causes the resulting limb to assume altered digit number and morphogenesis, with Tbx4 induction. We hypothesize that Pitx1 serves to critically modulate morphogenesis, growth, and potential patterning of a specific hindlimb region, serving as a component of the morphological and growth distinctions in forelimb and hindlimb identity. Pitx1 gene-deleted mice also exhibit reciprocal abnormalities of two ventral and one dorsal anterior pituitary cell types, presumably on the basis of its synergistic functions with other transcription factors, and defects in the derivatives of the first branchial arch, including cleft palate, suggesting a proliferative defect in these organs analogous to that observed in the hindlimb. (+info)

Canine sexual dimorphism in Egyptian Eocene anthropoid primates: Catopithecus and Proteopithecus. (4/1956)

Two very small late Eocene anthropoid primates, Catopithecus browni and Proteopithecus sylviae, from Fayum, Egypt show evidence of substantial sexual dimorphism in canine teeth. The degree of dimorphism suggests that these early anthropoids lived in social groups with a polygynous mating system and intense male-male competition. Catopithecus and Proteopithecus are smaller in estimated body size than any living primates showing canine dimorphism. The origin of canine dimorphism and polygyny in anthropoids was not associated with the evolution of large body size. (+info)

A modern human pattern of dental development in lower pleistocene hominids from Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain). (5/1956)

The study of life history evolution in hominids is crucial for the discernment of when and why humans have acquired our unique maturational pattern. Because the development of dentition is critically integrated into the life cycle in mammals, the determination of the time and pattern of dental development represents an appropriate method to infer changes in life history variables that occurred during hominid evolution. Here we present evidence derived from Lower Pleistocene human fossil remains recovered from the TD6 level (Aurora stratum) of the Gran Dolina site in the Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain. These hominids present a pattern of development similar to that of Homo sapiens, although some aspects (e.g., delayed M3 calcification) are not as derived as that of European populations and people of European origin. This evidence, taken together with the present knowledge of cranial capacity of these and other late Early Pleistocene hominids, supports the view that as early as 0.8 Ma at least one Homo species shared with modern humans a prolonged pattern of maturation. (+info)

Hindlimb patterning and mandible development require the Ptx1 gene. (6/1956)

The restricted expression of the Ptx1 (Pitx1) gene in the posterior half of the lateral plate mesoderm has suggested that it may play a role in specification of posterior structures, in particular, specification of hindlimb identity. Ptx1 is also expressed in the most anterior ectoderm, the stomodeum, and in the first branchial arch. Ptx1 expression overlaps with that of Ptx2 in stomodeum and in posterior left lateral plate mesoderm. We now show that targeted inactivation of the mouse Ptx1 gene severely impairs hindlimb development: the ilium and knee cartilage are absent and the long bones are underdeveloped. Greater reduction of the right femur size in Ptx1 null mice suggests partial compensation by Ptx2 on the left side. The similarly sized tibia and fibula of mutant hindlimbs may be taken to resemble forelimb bones: however, the mutant limb buds appear to have retained their molecular identity as assessed by forelimb expression of Tbx5 and by hindlimb expression of Tbx4, even though Tbx4 expression is decreased in Ptx1 null mice. The hindlimb defects appear to be, at least partly, due to abnormal chondrogenesis. Since the most affected structures derive from the dorsal side of hindlimb buds, the data suggest that Ptx1 is responsible for patterning of these dorsal structures and that as such it may control development of hindlimb-specific features. Ptx1 inactivation also leads to loss of bones derived from the proximal part of the mandibular mesenchyme. The dual role of Ptx1 revealed by the gene knockout may reflect features of the mammalian jaw and hindlimbs that were acquired at a similar time during tetrapod evolution. (+info)

Cognitive function and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. (7/1956)

Among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), impairment of cognitive function, i.e. deficits in memory, attention, and visuconstructive abilities are common. We applied different forms of treatment for patients with newly diagnosed OSAS in a randomized study with a one-year follow-up. Patients with BMI > 40 kg/m2 were excluded. After the initial diagnostic work-up, male patients were considered to be candidates for either nasal continuous airway pressure (nCPAP) (27 patients) or surgical treatment (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with or without mandibular osteotomy) (23 patients). Within the groups, the patients were then randomized to active treatment (nCPAP/surgery) or to conservative management. Cognitive function and severity of OSAS were assessed prior to treatment and 3 and 12 months later. At 12 months, all patients on nCPAP had a normal ODI4 index (< 10), and were significantly less somnolent than their controls; 3/11 of the surgically treated patients had a normal ODI4 index. Daytime somnolence was significantly less severe in the surgically treated patients than in their controls. Cognitive function did not correlate importantly with daytime sleepiness or severity of OSAS; the best Pearson pairwise correlation coefficient was between ODI4 and the Bourdon-Wiersma (r = 0.36). Success in treatment of OSAS did not affect neuropsychological outcome. We concluded that the standard cognitive test battery is insufficiently sensitive to identify positive changes in patients with OSAS, especially among those with a high level of overall mental functioning. (+info)

Clinical characteristics of CHARGE syndrome. (8/1956)

CHARGE syndrome, first described by Pagon, was named for its six major clinical features. They are: coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development including CNS anomalies, genital hypoplasia and/or urinary tract anomalies, and ear anomalies and/or hearing loss. We experienced three cases of CHARGE syndrome who displayed ocular coloboma, heart defects, retarded growth and development, and external ear anomalies, and we also review the previously reported literature concerning CHARGE syndrome. (+info)

The mandibles are caudal to the labrum and anterior to the maxillae. Typically the mandibles are the largest and most robust ... Two sets of muscles move the mandibles in the coronal plane: abductor muscles move insects' mandibles apart (laterally); ... All but a few adult Lepidoptera lack mandibles (the superfamily known as the mandibulate moths have fully developed mandibles ... Like the mandibles, maxillae are innervated by the subesophageal ganglia. Labium[edit]. The labium typically is a roughly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_mouthparts

Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. Diagram showing the origins of the main branches of the carotid arteries. Superficial ... It then curves upward over the body of the mandible at the antero-inferior angle of the masseter; passes forward and upward ... On the face, where it passes over the body of the mandible, it is comparatively superficial, lying immediately beneath the ... and facial movements such as those of the mandible, lips, and cheeks. In the neck, its origin is superficial, being covered by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_artery

Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. Mucus ... The gland can be bilaterally palpated (felt) inferior and posterior to the body of the mandible, moving inward from the ... inferior border of the mandible near its angle with the head tilted forwards. Lobes contain smaller lobules, which contain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submandibular_gland

Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery. Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular ... A concerted effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles helps in lowering the mandible and opening the jaw, whereas unilateral ... the lateral pterygoid is the only muscle of mastication that assists in depressing the mandible (opening the jaw). At the ... muscle is to pull the head of the condyle out of the mandibular fossa along the articular eminence to protrude the mandible. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_muscle

They are bounded laterally by the bone of the mandible and inferolaterally by the mylohyoid muscle. The glands can be felt ... Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. Sublingual gland Sublingual gland Sublingual gland Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublingual_gland

Elevation of the mandible (closes the jaw) Minor contribution to protrusion of the mandible Assistance in mastication Excursion ... Mandible. Inner surface. Side view. Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery. Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular ... pterygoid plate and the insertion is from the internal surface of the ramus of the mandible down to the angle of the mandible, ... into the lower and back part of the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible, as high as the mandibular foramen. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_muscle

Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. (Condyle and neck labeled at upper right.) Inner surface of mandible. Condyloid process is ... The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human mandible and some other species' mandibles that ends in a ... It is thicker than the coronoid process of the mandible and consists of two portions: the condyle and the constricted portion ... The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed. Horizontal section through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condyloid_process

This muscle arises from the oblique line of the mandible, and inserts on the skin of the lower lip, blending in with the ... Facial muscles Depressor anguli oris Position of depressor labii inferioris muscle (red). Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressor_labii_inferioris_muscle

It branches from the external carotid artery just deep to the neck of the mandible. The maxillary artery, the larger of the two ... Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. Lateral head anatomy detail Head anatomy anterior view Maxillary artery Maxillary artery ... The first or mandibular portion (or bony portion) passes horizontally forward, between the neck of the mandible and the ... runs obliquely forward and upward under cover of the ramus of the mandible and insertion of the temporalis, on the superficial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_artery

mandible cf. Propottininae indet. Proviverrinae - deciduous tooth Adapidae - mandible, isolated teeth Erinaceidae indet. - ... Xenarthra - phalanx zalambdodont - tiny mandible Amphibians Pipidae - radio-ulna Reptiles Amphisbaenia - vertebrae, mandibles, ... mandible, isolated teeth Namalestes gheerbranti - isolated teeth and maxilla Namaparamys inexpectatus - isolated molar, ... mandible, post-cranial bones Zegdoumys namibiensis - upper molar Pterodon sp. - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Crow_Limestone

... may also occur in the mandible from the articular groove of the temporal bone. The mandible can dislocate in the ... Chaudhry, Meher (April 19, 2012). Kulkarni, Rick (ed.). "Mandible dislocation". Medscape Reference. WebMD LLC. Retrieved March ... of a tooth is a dental traumatic injury in which the tooth has increased mobility but has not been displaced from the mandible ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subluxation

The simian shelf is a bony thickening on the front of the ape mandible. Its function is to reinforce the jaw, though it also ... As stated in the study, both, the human and chimpanzee, start out with a v-shaped mandible during the fetal stages, but the ... The mandibular symphysis consists of the external portion of the mandible, and the symphysis refers to the line seen between ... large mandible... and upper incisors". Although the forward leaning lower incisors began to show up less in apes, the simian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simian_shelf

"Cervalces Scotti." Maxilla & Mandible. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. . "Stag-moose". Illinois State Museum. Retrieved 2007-03- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervalces_scotti

mandible The mandible, or lower jaw, is the part of the skull below the cranium. Each half of the mandible, termed a mandibular ... dentary The dentary is the main bone of the mandible. It is the only mandible bone that bears teeth, and is located anterior to ... The mandibles are composed of both dermal and endochondral bones. The skull features a number of openings, which are important ... The mandible consists of both endochondral bones, which ossified from the Meckelian cartilage, and dermal bones. In dinosaurs, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy

Mandible. Body. *external surface (Chin, Jaw, Mandibular prominence, Mandibular symphysis, Lingual foramen, Mental protuberance ... Intramembranous ossification mainly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull but also the mandible, maxilla, and ... A bird's beak is primarily made of bone as projections of the mandibles which are covered in keratin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone

Mandible. Body. *external surface (Chin, Jaw, Mandibular prominence, Mandibular symphysis, Lingual foramen, Mental protuberance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomer_bone

Male mandibles typically have squarer chins and thicker, rougher muscle attachments than female mandibles.[citation needed] ... Mandible. Body. *external surface (Chin, Jaw, Mandibular prominence, Mandibular symphysis, Lingual foramen, Mental protuberance ... The bones of the facial skeleton (14) are the vomer, two inferior nasal conchae, two nasal bones, two maxilla, the mandible, ... Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures-synarthrodial (immovable) joints formed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skull

Mandible without palp. Second maxilliped without podopalp. Third maxilliped narrow, with vestigial arthrobranch. - L.A. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periclimenaeus

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Sen, Ranajit (January 1, 2003). Fractures of Mandible. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucien_Baudens

mandible In birds, the word mandible, alone, usually refers to the lower mandible. mantle The forward area of a bird's upper ... All beaks are composed of two jaws, generally known as the upper mandible (or maxilla) and lower mandible (or mandible), ... lower mandible Also, mandible. The lower part of a bird's bill or beak, roughly corresponding to the lower jaw of mammals, it ... specially called gnathotheca in the lower mandible. Compare: upper mandible. Contents: Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms

Peninj Mandible 1.5 Ma Paranthropus boisei 1964 Tanzania Richard Leakey OH 9. (Chellean Man)[45] 1.5 Ma Homo erectus 1960 ... Lothagam mandible (KNM-LT 329) [5] 5.25±0.25 Ma Australopithecus(?) 1967 Kenya A.D. Lewis[6] ... Lothagam mandible fragment Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine *^ Ward, Steven; Hill, Andrew (1987). "Pliocene hominid ... We show, based on molar size, that KNM-TH 13150 is consistent with the hypodigm of Ardipithecus, while the Lothagam mandible is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hominina_fossils

Diaphragm and pleural cavities in amphibian (left), bird (center), mammal (right). a, mandible; b, genio-hyoid; c, hyoid; d, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphragm_

... mandible; j. basibranchials; k, ribs; l, hyoid bone; I, II, III, IV, V, branchial arches. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturgeon

It most often affects the posterior mandible. It most commonly presents in the third decade of life.[1] ... Classic look to a keratocyctic odontogenic tumor in the right mandible in the place of a former wisdom tooth. Unicystic lesion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratocystic_odontogenic_tumour

The mandible lacks palpi; the incisor has four cusps and a spine-row of three or four spines; the molar is stout and distally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uromunna_sheltoni

Styloid process visible at center bottom.) Articulation of the mandible. Medial aspect. Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_styloid_process

The mandible is strong. The dental formula is 1.0.1.31.0.1.3 × 2 = 20 (one incisor, one premolar, and three molars on each side ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagidium_ahuacaense

The mandible arches upward. The symphysis, or area where the two sides of the lower jaw meet, is formed mostly by the mandibles ... It is known from a mandible and a portion of the front of the skull collected from the municipality of Monte Alto in São Paulo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrinhosuchus

As the mandible begins to undergo resorption, the area of the attachment of the genioglossus muscle in the anterior portion of ... Pre-prosthetic surgery: Mandible Veeramalai Naidu Devaki; Kandasamy Balu; Sadashiva Balakrishnapillai Ramesh; Ramraj Jayabalan ... Mandible". Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences. 4 (Suppl 2): S414-S416. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.100312. ISSN 0976-4879. PMC ... consideration should be given to possible augmentation of the anterior portion of the mandible rather than reduction of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveoloplasty

mandible XVI. - OF. mandible, later mandibule, or its source late L. mandibula, -ulum, f. mandere chew.. ... mandible 1. One of a pair of horny mouthparts in insects, crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes. The mandibles lie in front ... mandible 1. In vertebrates, the lower jaw.. 2. In birds, specifically the lower jaw and bill but the term is also used to ... mandible (man-dib-ŭl) n. the lower jawbone. It consists of a horseshoe-shaped body, the upper surface of which bears the lower ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/zoology-and-veterinary-medicine/zoology-general/mandible

... the antennae can help the mandibles push food into the mouth. The mandibles of a nauplius have two branches with a chewing or ... In the adult the mandible loses one of the branches, sometimes retaining the other as… ... Other articles where Mandible is discussed: crustacean: Appendages: … ... the antennae can help the mandibles push food into the mouth. The mandibles of a nauplius have two branches with a chewing or ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/mandible

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=mandibles&oldid=43040713" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mandibles

... mandible along the banks of the Amazon River. The lead author of the study, Rodolfo-Salas Gismondi, is on the right. ... Members of the international expedition team are collecting a Gryposuchus pachakamue mandible along the banks of the Amazon ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/113758.php?from=325476

Mandible dislocation is the displacement of the mandibular condyle from the articular groove in the temporal bone. Different ... encoded search term (Mandible Dislocation) and Mandible Dislocation What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions and ... Mandible Dislocation Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Apr 08, 2016 * Author: Meher Chaudhry, MD; Chief Editor: Trevor John ... The physician grasps the mandible at the apex of the mentum with both thumbs. The fingers are placed on the inferior molars. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/823775-differential

Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Prognathous Mandible in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s of ... Prognathous Mandible. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Prognathous Mandible in minutes with SmartDraw. ... Prognathous Mandible. Lateral view of person with a prognathous mandible.. LifeART Collection Images Copyright © 1989-2001 by ...

https://www.smartdraw.com/orthodontics/examples/prognathous-mandible/

Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Medial Mandible in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s of ... Medial Mandible. Medial view of the inside of the right half of the mandible.. LifeART Collection Images Copyright © 1989-2001 ... Medial Mandible. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Medial Mandible in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw ...

https://www.smartdraw.com/dentition/examples/medial-mandible/

Figure 3: Mandible of human embryo 24 mm. long. Outer aspect. Figure 4: Mandible of human embryo 24 mm. long. Inner aspect. ... Figure 5: Mandible of human embryo 95 mm. long. Outer aspect. Nuclei of cartilage stippled. Figure 5: Mandible of human embryo ... the rami rise up from the body of the mandible and meet with the body at the angle of the mandible or the gonial angle. The ... Changes in the mandible with age At birth. In childhood. In the adult. In old age. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandible

Mandible dislocation is the displacement of the mandibular condyle from the articular groove in the temporal bone. Different ... encoded search term (Mandible Dislocation) and Mandible Dislocation What to Read Next on Medscape ... Significant morbidity associated with isolated mandible dislocations is rare. However, fractures of the mandible, maxillofacial ... Closing of the mandible is performed by the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscle. The jaw opens at the ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/823775-overview

... of mandible which showed multilocular radiolucency on the left side of mandible on radiographic examination which is very ... Multilocular Unicystic Ameloblastoma of Mandible. Manas Bajpai,1 Deshant Agarwal,1 Anindya Bhalla,2 Malay Kumar,3 Rakesh Garg,4 ... N. Gupta, S. Saxena, V. C. Rathod, and P. Aggarwal, "Unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible," Journal of Oral and ... A 42-year-old male patient presented with the chief complains of swelling on the left side of the mandible since 1 month. On ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crid/2013/835892/

The Xiahe mandible consists of the right half of a partial mandible with two attached molars. The mandible was covered with a ... The Xiahe mandible ([ɕjâxɤ̌], shya-khuh) is a hominin fossil jaw (mandible) discovered in Baishiya Karst Cave, located on the ... Researchers describe the mandible as being "very robust". The Xiahe mandible shares one obvious trait, large teeth, that is ... The mandible also exhibits a single amino acid polymorphism, COL2α1 E583G, that is completely unique to itself. By way of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiahe_mandible

The mandible, or lower jaw, is the bone that forms the lower part of the skull, and along with the maxilla (upper jaw), forms ... The mandible, or lower jaw, is the bone that forms the lower part of the skull, and along with the maxilla (upper jaw), forms ... which causes painful swelling where the mandible meets the cheekbone. ...

https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/mandible

Shop mandible wall clocks and always be on good times. Because you choose the art, frame and hand colors, created by thousands ...

https://society6.com/wall-clocks/mandible

... , Mandible, Jaw Anatomy, Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy, Temporomandibular Joint, Masticatory Muscles, Muscles ... MANDIBLE, Jaw, Lower jaw bone, Bone structure of mandible, Bone structure of mandible (body structure), Mandible, NOS, Inferior ... Mandible Anatomy. Aka: Mandible Anatomy, Mandible, Jaw Anatomy, Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy, Temporomandibular Joint, ... Mandible, Mandibles, mandible, Mandibulla, Mandibular, mandibular, lower jaw bone, Lower Jaw, Mandibula, Bone, Mandibular, ...

https://fpnotebook.com/legacy/Dental/Anatomy/MndblAntmy.htm

Definition of temporal crest of mandible. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and ... temporal crest of mandible. Definition: ridge along anteromedial aspect of the coronoid process and upper ramus of the mandible ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/temporal-crest-of-mandible.html

This blue plate armor of item level 166 goes in the Hands slot. It is looted from Anub'esset. Added in World of Warcraft: Legion. Always up to date.

https://www.wowhead.com/item=137429/serrated-mandible-grips?bonus=1726

Mandible. The mandible, or jawbone, is the only movable bone in the skull. It is the strongest and most massive bone in the ... The mandible plays important roles in many functions of the mouth. Movement of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint ... Several facial expressions are produced by the movement of the mandible or by the tension of muscles on the mandible. ... The mandible is one of the twenty-two bones that make up the skull and the only one of those bones that is not fused to its ...

http://www.innerbody.com/image_dige01/skel48-new.html

We determine the mandible to be at least 160 thousand years old through U-series dating of an adhering carbonate matrix. The ... Here we report a Denisovan mandible, identified by ancient protein analysis9,10, found on the Tibetan Plateau in Baishiya Karst ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1139-x.epdf?shared_access_token=UIWuUxZvsjA61YV83ydgdtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0P942nzP1vkJMLGkhsJeCkc1uxFOsSAG42KyjUHw5StOIiTBwc4wAjv6qXw8WuhOtUF9J715bbUJOTedgCHHZ-cXOoQdZ3HrmUlrVnbuFGP0g%3D%3D&error=cookies_not_supported&code=7ddbb445-eafb-444e-8e46-8d787d651b49

Typical Ant Mandibles. Like all pterygote insects, ant mandibles have two points of articulation with the head (such mandibles ... Mandibles are also crucial to the hunting success of predatory ants. Mandibles can be wielded as formidable weapons in their ... Note the long transverse groove extending much of the length of the mandible; similar grooves and pits occur on the mandibles ... Ants use their mandibles for a diverse array of activities, and are thus constrained by the need to have mandibles which can ...

http://www.tolweb.org/treehouses/?treehouse_id=2482

Hoplitis spoliata, female, mandible. click on image to enlarge. © USDA Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Logan Utah Email ... IM/I_SD/0017/320/Hoplitis_spoliata,_female,_mandible,I_SD1776.jpg. width=320 x height=238 pixels; size=21113 bytes Discover ...

http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD1776

Osmia texana, male, mandible. © Rebekah Andrus Nelson Email full-size image and text title. Osmia texana, male, mandible. ... IM/I_SD/0044/mx/Osmia_texana,_male,_mandible,I_SD4458.jpg. width=613 x height=584 pixels; size=98542 bytes Discover Life , Top ...

https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20p?see=I_SD4458&res=640

Listen to Carbonized Gnawing Mandible Radio free online. Listen to free internet radio, sports, music, news, talk and podcasts ...

https://tunein.com/artist/Carbonized-Gnawing-Mandible-m1259101/

Definition of coronoid process of the mandible. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms ... coronoid process of the mandible. Definition: the triangular anterior process of the mandibular ramus, giving attachment to the ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/coronoid-process-of-the-mandible.html

My whole mandible is shifted towards my affected side and I have an unilateral crossbite that when I bite down forces my teeth ...

https://medhelp.org/posts/Temporomandibular-Joint--Muscle/TMJ-problem--mandible-assymetry/show/1208338

... Donepudi Nanda Kishore, H. R. Shiva Kumar, K. V. Umashankara, and Kirthi ... Both the condyle and coronoid tip being the most common sites of occurrence in the mandible, it rarely appears at the symphysis ... Here, we describe a case of osteochondroma arising from the left parasymphysis of mandible. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cripa/2013/167862/abs/

This is a human mandible (lower jaw bone). It was created from a CT scan available online that had a total of 460 slices. The ... This is a human mandible (lower jaw bone). It was created from a CT scan available online that had a total of 460 slices. The ... Mandible Bone by BME_Sundevil is licensed under the All Rights Reserved license. ... Mandible Bone by BME_Sundevil is licensed under the All Rights Reserved license. ...

https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3580

Most adult Hymenoptera have mandibles that follow the general form, as in grasshoppers. The mandibles are used to clip pieces ... Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insects mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages ... The mandibles are therefore instrumental in piercing the plant or animal tissues upon which these insects feed, and in helping ... Beetle mandibles show a remarkable amount of variability between species, and some are very highly adapted to the food sources ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandible_

The fibula was investigated as a donor site for free-flap mandible reconstruction. It has the advantages of consistent shape, ... Fibula free flap: a new method of mandible reconstruction.. Hidalgo DA1. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2734406

Mandible was commissioned and premiered by Andrew Uren in 2005, with performances with 175 East and at the World Bass Clarinet ...

https://sounz.org.nz/works/16167?locale=en

Mandible ) 02 for download as max and c4d on TurboSquid: 3D models for games, architecture, videos. (1449373) ... mandibula jawbone lower jaw mandible face teeth anatomical human bone bones anatomy scan scanned real photorealistic ... This Real Human Jawbone (Mandible) 02 is a high end, photorealistic 3D model, that will help you to add realism to your project ...

https://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/human-jawbone-mandible-02-model-1449373

The mandible consists of: The body, found at the front A ramus on the left and the right, the rami rise up from the body of the mandible and meet with the body at the angle of the mandible or the gonial angle. (wikipedia.org)
The body of the mandible is curved, and the front part gives structure to the chin. (wikipedia.org)
At its inferior end, the rami turn almost ninety degrees anteriorly to form the body of the mandible. (innerbody.com)
As the body of the mandible extends anteriorly from the rami on both sides, it forms an arch with the chin at its peak. (innerbody.com)
The platysma muscles, which depress the jaw, form insertions along the inferior edges of the body of the mandible. (innerbody.com)
Osteosarcoma affects the mandible and the maxilla differently, with mandibular tumors tending to arise from the body of the mandible while maxillary tumors arise from the alveolar ridge and sinus. (entjournal.com)

In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. (wikipedia.org)
The word "mandible" derives from the Latin word mandibula, "jawbone" (literally "one used for chewing"), from mandere "to chew" and -bula (instrumental suffix). (wikipedia.org)
The mandible (lower jawbone). (britannica.com)
The mandible, or jawbone, is the only movable bone in the skull. (innerbody.com)
This Real Human Jawbone (Mandible) 02 is a high end, photorealistic 3D model, that will help you to add realism to your project. (turbosquid.com)

The ramus (Latin: branch) of the human mandible has four sides, two surfaces, four borders, and two processes. (wikipedia.org)
This is a human mandible (lower jaw bone). (thingiverse.com)
You can only add 1 Real Antique Human Mandible. (skullsunlimited.com)
BIOMAN (Bio-mechanical organisation of the modern human mandible in transition from foraging to agriculture. (europa.eu)
In so doing we identified any differentiation in the biomechanical response of a human mandible that might be attributed to the mode of subsistence. (europa.eu)

The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. (wikipedia.org)
a movable lower jaw (mandible) and fixed upper jaw (maxilla). (britannica.com)
The mandible, or lower jaw, is the bone that forms the lower part of the skull, and along with the maxilla (upper jaw), forms the mouth structure. (healthline.com)
It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA. (fpnotebook.com)
The mandible/maxilla CT scan is the procedure, which became the integral part of any modern dentistry. (oxford-med.com.ua)

From the outside, the mandible is marked in the midline by a faint ridge, indicating the mandibular symphysis, the line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. (wikipedia.org)
Mandible dislocation is the displacement of the mandibular condyle from the articular groove in the temporal bone. (medscape.com)
Stretching from the left temporal bone to the right temporal bone, the mandible forms a flat arch with 16 teeth embedded in its superior surface. (innerbody.com)
Vascularised bone flaps have become the choice of the method of reconstruction of the mandible in an oncologic setting. (ebscohost.com)
The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the facial skull . (doccheck.com)
The Mandible Reconstruction Project was a multi-disciplinary effort to develop an alternative approach to bone replacement using "artificial" bone instead of autograft (harvested) bone. (bengrosser.com)
Stage I was a proof of concept involving a 73 year old female who had experienced severe bilateral bone loss in her mandible. (bengrosser.com)
The surgical treatment included peripheral ostectomy of the mandible, via an intraoral approach, for the removal of the lesion and restoration of the bone defect with an iliac bone autograft. (springer.com)
We have shown that the way the mandible is constrained has a large effect on the mode and magnitude of mandibular deformation while changing muscle vectors or Young's modulus of teeth, cancellous bone and periodontal ligament to that of cortical bone impacts significantly, but to a lesser degree especially in comparison with individual variation. (europa.eu)

Human anatomy of TOOTH SKULL MANDIBLE from Govert Bidloo around 1685. (artfire.com)

The same principles were applied in 1972173 by Roland Schmoker, who developed a universal plate and sophisticated instrument set designed initially for the treatment of comminuted fractures of the mandible. (springer.com)

Jin-Soo K, Sung-Eun K, Jae-Du K. Myofibroma of the mandible: a case report. (medigraphic.com)
Allon I, Vered M, Buchner A, Dayan D. Central (intraosseous) myofibroma of the mandible: clinical, radiologic and histopathologic features of a rare lesion. (medigraphic.com)

We report a rare case of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) of mandible which showed multilocular radiolucency on the left side of mandible on radiographic examination which is very unusual, and the majority of the cases of UAs till date has been reported of unilocular radiolucency. (hindawi.com)
Skull and one side of mandible of Musk Rat. (fromoldbooks.org)

Does anyone have documentation on whether one can bill for arch bar removal following a mandible fracture repair? (aapc.com)
Muscles of the mandible all insert on its caudal aspect, and chewing forces act on the mandible's cranial aspect causing a predominant bending force in a mandibular fracture. (vin.com)

Other injuries and infections that can affect the lower jaw include tendinitis, infections stemming from tooth decay or other tooth injuries, and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD), which causes painful swelling where the mandible meets the cheekbone. (healthline.com)
Movement of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint allows the mouth to masticate, or chew, food. (innerbody.com)

In this order only the left mandible is present, modified into a stylet. (wikipedia.org)
Conventional imaging showed an expansile radiolucent lesion involving the angle and the body of the left mandible. (entjournal.com)

Duane Mandible on Other Religions August 7, 2012 Fr. (patheos.com)

A histometric evaluation of unloaded non-submerged and submerged implants in the canine mandible. (nih.gov)
Critical size defect in the canine mandible. (psu.edu)

I was actually in Ethiopia when I heard on the national radio of Dr. Yohannes Haile-Selassie 's new 3.8 million to 3.5 million years ago hominid mandible. (anthropology.net)

Remove patient's mandible and any fragments if it is shattered. (thingiverse.com)

Panoramic radiograph revealed a huge osteodestructive lesion with well-defined multilocular radiolucency with thin corticated borders in the left side of the mandible extending from 36 to 45 (Figure 2 ). (hindawi.com)
The lesion may affect the metaphyses of the long bones but it may also involve the skull bones and more specifically the mandible, with most lesions appearing in the ramus-angle area. (springer.com)
Clinical and radiological examination revealed a tumor-like lesion of the mandible extending into the soft tissues, which on biopsy proved to be a desmoplastic fibroma. (springer.com)

The mandible also shows morphological similarities to some later East Asian fossils such as Penghu 1. (wikipedia.org)
When comparing average group shape, a clear morphological trend is defined where mandibles differ by the total size and the shape of the mandibular ramus, with hunter-gatherers tending to have a longer alveolar process and a wider ramus than agricultural groups contributing to more space for the teeth development and for the origin of the temporal masticatory muscles (Figure 1). (europa.eu)

Discover, Science News and Nova all named the discovery of the mandible in their lists of Top Science Stories of 2019. (wikipedia.org)

ridge along anteromedial aspect of the coronoid process and upper ramus of the mandible into which the temporalis muscle inserts. (drugs.com)
The mandible branch (Ramus mandibulae) originating from the Anguli mandibulae on both sides, has a square basic shape with 2 surfaces, 4 edges and 2 protrusions (processus). (doccheck.com)

Desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible: Review and report of two cases. (springer.com)
Iwai S, Matsumoto K, Sakuda M. Desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible mimicking osteogenic sarcoma: Report of a case. (springer.com)
Desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible in a child: report of a case. (springer.com)
Desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible in an infant. (springer.com)
We describe a rare case of nonossifying fibroma of the mandible in a 15-year-old boy who presented with a left mandibular swelling. (entjournal.com)

Arundel designed the Mandible with carbon fiber that functions well in extreme situations. (jensonusa.com)
Arundel Mandible Carbon Bottle Cage The Mandible is the top Arundel model with the strongest grip of all Arundel cages. (canyon.com)

The angle of the mandible in this position predisposes upward migration of the condylar head. (medscape.com)
Condylar growth is not a pacemaker of mandibular development, but it provides regional adaptive growth that is of considerable clinical significance, as the condyle's upward and backward growth movement regulates the anteriorly and inferiorly directed displacement of the mandible as a whole. (dissertations.se)

The mandible is one of the twenty-two bones that make up the skull and the only one of those bones that is not fused to its neighbors. (innerbody.com)
Human Skull - separated mandible and connectors by skriver is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution - Share Alike license. (thingiverse.com)
No mandible parts were located, and as of Wednesday evening, no other parts of the skull were recovered, the Caddo Parish Coroner's Office told The Times. (shreveporttimes.com)

See detailed information below for a list of 8 causes of Mandible infection , Symptom Checker , including diseases and drug side effect causes. (rightdiagnosis.com)

Acute chronic dislocations result from a similar mechanism in patients with risk factors such as congenitally shallow mandibular fossa, loss of joint capsule from previous mandible dislocations, or hypermobility syndromes. (medscape.com)

The Xiahe mandible consists of the right half of a partial mandible with two attached molars. (wikipedia.org)
The Maboko Island mandible exhibits a markedly proclined symphyseal axis, massive inferior transverse torus, mesiodistally narrow, high-crowned, and strongly procumbent lateral incisor, and molars with cingula restricted to the median buccal cleft. (pnas.org)

Fibula free flap: a new method of mandible reconstruction. (nih.gov)
The fibula was investigated as a donor site for free-flap mandible reconstruction. (nih.gov)
This article reviews certain pertinent and practical points with regards to fibula flap reconstruction of the mandible. (ebscohost.com)

The Xiahe mandible and its teeth exhibit general morphology that is typical of Middle Pleistocene hominin fossils. (wikipedia.org)
It then goes on to describe the basic morphology of an ant mandible and to show a few examples of both typical and somewhat unusual mandibles. (tolweb.org)
Indeed, numerous late Neanderthals such as Spy 1, Saint Césaire and the Near-East mandibles Amud 1 and Tabun II possess hints of a chin (i.e. tuber symphyseo) though not a true modern human morphology [37], [51]. (blogspot.com)
Our aim here is to re-evaluate the taxonomic affinities of the Mezzena mandible in a wide comparative framework using both comparative morphology and geometric morphometrics. (blogspot.com)

The masseter and temporalis muscles elevate the mandible before the lateral pterygoid muscle relaxes resulting in the mandibular condyle being pulled anterior to the bony eminence and out of the temporal fossa. (medscape.com)
Both the condyle and coronoid tip being the most common sites of occurrence in the mandible, it rarely appears at the symphysis region. (hindawi.com)

The shape of the condyles of the mandible allows it to elevate as well as depress in order to open and close the mouth. (innerbody.com)
These occur because when the body shape changes associated with developing large mandibles in males are transmitted to daughters it means a reduction in egg space. (science20.com)
In this light, we can interpret the position of the Mezzena mandible which stands within the modern human shape space, while presenting strong shape similarities with some Neanderthal specimens. (blogspot.com)
In so doing we ensured full control of all variables in the analysis, except for the form (i.e. size and shape) of the mandible. (europa.eu)

KEY WORDS: myofibroma, intraosseous, mandible. (scielo.cl)

Hublin and his Ph.D. student Frido Welker joined the research and helped identify the mandible as Denisovan using protein analysis. (wikipedia.org)
The Xiahe mandible shares one obvious trait, large teeth, that is similar to the Denisovan fossils on record from Denisova Cave. (wikipedia.org)

In birds, specifically the lower jaw but the term is also used to denote the two parts of the bill of a bird, as upper and lower mandibles. (encyclopedia.com)
The mental foramina provide space for the mental nerves to pass through the mandible and innervate the tissues of the lower lip and chin. (innerbody.com)
The basic mouthparts of insects include (from anterior to posterior) the labrum (upper lip), paired mandibles, paired maxillae, and the labium (lower lip) (Chapman, 1998). (tolweb.org)
Male horned beetles have enlarged lower jaws - or mandibles - used to fight rivals, and those with larger mandibles do have a mating advantage when there is direct male-male competition. (science20.com)

At the left and right temporal bones, the mandible begins as a pair of bony cylinders known as the condyles. (innerbody.com)
A small bony ridge at the chin, known as the mental protuberance, extends anteriorly from the mandible to support the tissues of the chin. (innerbody.com)
It has a small bony crest ( temporal crest of mandible ) that draws to the last molar in anteroinferior direction. (doccheck.com)

Several facial expressions are produced by the movement of the mandible or by the tension of muscles on the mandible. (innerbody.com)
Several muscles involved in moving the jaw have insertion points along the mandible. (innerbody.com)
Several other muscles form their origins on the mandible, such as the buccinators muscles, which arise inferior to the alveoli, and the mentalis muscles, which arise from the mental protuberance. (innerbody.com)

in the mandible represent 12% of all soft tissue tumors in children. (medigraphic.com)

Closing of the mandible is performed by the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscle. (medscape.com)

Durable and elegant, the Mandible is a sturdy carbon bottle cage that doesn't disappoint. (canyon.com)
This DTR / STR cages are a great match for the Mandible cage. (fairwheelbikes.com)

From the inside, the mandible appears concave. (wikipedia.org)
The concave side of the mandible is the Facies interna (inner surface). (doccheck.com)

Symphyseal and dental attributes of the mandible distinguish K. africanus, a species widely regarded as the earliest known member of the great ape and human clade, from other Miocene large-bodied hominoids. (pnas.org)

Lateral view of person with a prognathous mandible. (smartdraw.com)
Lateral dislocations are usually associated with mandible fractures. (medscape.com)

From the necks, the mandible widens considerably as it descends obliquely in the inferior and anterior directions to form the rami of the mandible. (innerbody.com)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). (wikipedia.org)

pair of chewing jaws (mandibles), a pair of complex first maxillae, and a pair of similar second maxillae joined together behind the mouth to form a structure called the labium. (britannica.com)
Mandibles ('jaws') are a crucial tool for many insects, but perhaps in no insect group are they more highly utilized than in the ants (Formicidae). (tolweb.org)

Dong and his colleague Chen Fahu researched the mandible, but it was so unusual that they did not know how to classify it. (wikipedia.org)
We report a case of Ewing's sarcoma localized in the mandible because of its unusual presentation. (uwi.edu)

The mandibular foramina, a pair of holes for nerves and blood vessels to enter the mandible and support the teeth, perforate the rami on their medial surface just below the coronoid process. (innerbody.com)

Mass foraging predators (e.g. army ants, described below) use their mandibles to pin down prey from all sides while their nestmates dispatch it. (tolweb.org)
In dorsal and cranial direction, you can see the mylohyoid line of the mandible ascending on both sides, imitating the course of the Linea obliqua on the external side. (doccheck.com)

bloodsucking flies, mosquitoes) the mandibles act as piercing stylets for drawing blood. (britannica.com)
Rather than being tooth-like, the mandibles of such insects are lengthened into stylets, which form the outer two parts of the feeding tube, or beak. (wikipedia.org)
The mandibles in Phthiraptera (lice) are also modified into piercing stylets. (wikipedia.org)

Proliferation of masseter myocytes after distraction osteogenesis of the porcine mandible. (biomedsearch.com)
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that distraction of the porcine mandible by the protocol described induces myocyte proliferation in the masseter muscle. (biomedsearch.com)

My whole mandible is shifted towards my affected side and I have an unilateral crossbite that when I bite down forces my teeth and jaw to turn to the right (affected side) I don't know if I had this kind of crossbite before and if it has made my assymetry and tmj problems worse or if is vice versa and my problems made my crossbite worse. (medhelp.org)
Following this approach we found that the Upper Palaeolithic mandible from Oase, Romania, despite appearing more 'robust' likely was used to generate similar bite forces to those in modern humans, rather than significantly greater ones, however, it could generate these over more posterior teeth without distraction of the temporo-mandibular joints. (europa.eu)

Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy65

Organisms5

Diseases76

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment72

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes18

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities1

Information Science3

Health Care4

The development and structure of the chimpanzee mandible. (1/1956)

Modified cuspal relationships of mandibular molar teeth in children with Down's syndrome. (2/1956)

Role of the Bicoid-related homeodomain factor Pitx1 in specifying hindlimb morphogenesis and pituitary development. (3/1956)

Canine sexual dimorphism in Egyptian Eocene anthropoid primates: Catopithecus and Proteopithecus. (4/1956)

A modern human pattern of dental development in lower pleistocene hominids from Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain). (5/1956)

Hindlimb patterning and mandible development require the Ptx1 gene. (6/1956)

Cognitive function and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. (7/1956)

Clinical characteristics of CHARGE syndrome. (8/1956)

Mandibular Neoplasms

Mandibular Diseases

Radiography, Panoramic

Jaw, Edentulous

Mandibular Condyle

Chin

Cephalometry

Maxilla

Mandibular Injuries

Retrognathia

Facial Bones

Osteogenesis, Distraction

Temporomandibular Joint

Dental Implantation, Endosseous

Bite Force

Alveolar Process

Mastication

Dental Implants

Odontogenic Tumors

Jaw

Skull

Jaw Fixation Techniques

Molar

Jaw Neoplasms

Masticatory Muscles

Facial Asymmetry

Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported

Ameloblastoma

Maxillary Diseases

Osteoradionecrosis

Oral Surgical Procedures

Mandibular Nerve

Malocclusion, Angle Class III

Dental Occlusion

Incisor

Mandibular Advancement

Micrognathism

Tooth

Denture, Overlay

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Odontogenic Cysts

Hyoid Bone

Vertical Dimension

Masseter Muscle

Malocclusion, Angle Class II

Dental Arch

Dentition

Jaw Cysts

Bicuspid

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation

Maxillary Neoplasms

Extraoral Traction Appliances

Skull Base

Orthodontic Appliances, Functional

Pterygoid Muscles

Occlusal Splints

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Alveolar Bone Loss

Cuspid

Bone Regeneration

Odontoma

Orthodontic Appliance Design

Osteoma

Orthognathic Surgical Procedures

Prognathism

Osteolysis, Essential

Stomatognathic System

Malocclusion

Jaw Diseases

Models, Anatomic

Anatomic Landmarks

Tooth, Impacted

Cementoma

X-Ray Microtomography

Temporal Muscle

Activator Appliances

Palate

Nasal Bone

Mandibular Osteotomy

Jaw, Edentulous, Partially