AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
MalariaMalaria, FalciparumMalaria, VivaxMalaria, CerebralMalaria VaccinesPlasmodium falciparumAntimalarialsPlasmodiumAnophelesParasitemiaPlasmodium vivaxMosquito ControlInsect VectorsMalaria, AvianProtozoan ProteinsPlasmodium bergheiAntigens, ProtozoanEndemic DiseasesPregnancy Complications, ParasiticKenyaChloroquinePyrimethamineFluorenesSulfadoxineDrug CombinationsInsecticidesTravelTanzaniaAntibodies, ProtozoanMaliMicroscopyBedding and LinensCulicidaeAnopheles gambiaeInsecticide-Treated BednetsAfricaQuinineGhanaPrimaquinePlasmodium malariaePlasmodium yoeliiMefloquinePlasmodium chabaudiSporozoitesErythrocytesInsect Bites and StingsDrug ResistanceParasitologyMosquito NetsSeasonsMozambiqueGabonSenegalPapua New GuineaDisease EradicationUgandaAmodiaquineBurkina FasoSesquiterpenesHost-Parasite InteractionsDiagnostic Tests, RoutineDNA, ProtozoanAnemiaGambiaEthanolaminesThailandMerozoite Surface Protein 1Plasmodium ovaleDisease VectorsPlacenta DiseasesRainParasite LoadMalawiBeninBloodDDTFeverPyrethrinsCameroonTopography, MedicalPlasmodium knowlesiRural PopulationPrevalenceSudanInfant, NewbornNigeriaInsecticide ResistanceCambodiaChemopreventionAfrica South of the SaharaBurundiEthiopiaGeographyIndonesiaClimatePermethrinLife Cycle StagesVanuatuPregnancyEntomology
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.
Malaria, Vivax
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.
Malaria, Cerebral
A condition characterized by somnolence or coma in the presence of an acute infection with PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (and rarely other Plasmodium species). Initial clinical manifestations include HEADACHES; SEIZURES; and alterations of mentation followed by a rapid progression to COMA. Pathologic features include cerebral capillaries filled with parasitized erythrocytes and multiple small foci of cortical and subcortical necrosis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p136)
Malaria Vaccines
Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.
Plasmodium falciparum
A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.
Antimalarials
Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)
Plasmodium
A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.
Anopheles
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Plasmodium vivax
A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions.
Mosquito Control
The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.
Insect Vectors
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Malaria, Avian
Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.
Protozoan Proteins
Proteins found in any species of protozoan.
Plasmodium berghei
A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.
Antigens, Protozoan
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.
Endemic Diseases
The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)
Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
Kenya
A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.
Chloroquine
The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
Pyrimethamine
One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.
Fluorenes
A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.
Sulfadoxine
A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.
Drug Combinations
Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.
Insecticides
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
Travel
Aspects of health and disease related to travel.
Tanzania
A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.
Antibodies, Protozoan
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.
Mali
A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.
Microscopy
The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.
Bedding and Linens
Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.
Culicidae
A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.
Anopheles gambiae
A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.
Insecticide-Treated Bednets
Lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester, nylon (polyamides), or other material impregnated with insecticide, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby offering protection against insect bite and insect-borne diseases.
Africa
Quinine
An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
Ghana
A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.
Primaquine
An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)
Plasmodium malariae
A protozoan parasite that occurs primarily in subtropical and temperate areas. It is the causal agent of quartan malaria. As the parasite grows it exhibits little ameboid activity.
Plasmodium yoelii
A species of PLASMODIUM causing malaria in rodents.
Mefloquine
A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.
Plasmodium chabaudi
A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles stephensi.
Sporozoites
The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.
Drug Resistance
Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.
Parasitology
The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.
Mosquito Nets
Free-standing or supported lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases.
Seasons
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Mozambique
A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.
Gabon
A republic in west equatorial Africa, south of CAMEROON and west of the CONGO. Its capital is Libreville.
Senegal
A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar.
Papua New Guinea
A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971.
Disease Eradication
Termination of all transmission of infection by global extermination of the infectious agent through surveillance and containment (From Porta, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th ed).
Uganda
A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.
Amodiaquine
A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.
Burkina Faso
A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.
Sesquiterpenes
Host-Parasite Interactions
The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.
Diagnostic Tests, Routine
Diagnostic procedures, such as laboratory tests and x-rays, routinely performed on all individuals or specified categories of individuals in a specified situation, e.g., patients being admitted to the hospital. These include routine tests administered to neonates.
DNA, Protozoan
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.
Gambia
A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within SENEGAL extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst.
Ethanolamines
AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.
Thailand
Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.
Merozoite Surface Protein 1
A surface protein found on Plasmodium species which induces a T-cell response. The antigen is polymorphic, sharing amino acid sequence homology among PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; and PLASMODIUM YOELII.
Plasmodium ovale
A species of protozoan parasite causing MALARIA. It is the rarest of the four species of PLASMODIUM infecting humans, but is common in West African countries and neighboring areas.
Disease Vectors
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.
Placenta Diseases
Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.
Rain
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Parasite Load
Measure of the number of the PARASITES present in a host organism.
Malawi
A republic in southern Africa east of ZAMBIA and MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland.
Benin
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)
Blood
The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.
DDT
A polychlorinated pesticide that is resistant to destruction by light and oxidation. Its unusual stability has resulted in difficulties in residue removal from water, soil, and foodstuffs. This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.
Pyrethrins
The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.
Cameroon
A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.
Topography, Medical
The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Medical topography should be differentiated from EPIDEMIOLOGY in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks.
Plasmodium knowlesi
A protozoan parasite from Southeast Asia that causes monkey malaria. It is naturally acquired by man in Malaysia and can also be transmitted experimentally to humans.
Rural Population
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Sudan
A country in northeastern Africa. The capital is Khartoum.
Infant, Newborn
An infant during the first month after birth.
Nigeria
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.
Insecticide Resistance
The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.
Cambodia
Chemoprevention
The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease.
Africa South of the Sahara
All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).
Burundi
A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by RWANDA and on the south by TANZANIA. Its capital is Bujumbura.
Ethiopia
An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa.
Geography
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Indonesia
A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith.
Climate
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Permethrin
A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.
Life Cycle Stages
The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.
Vanuatu
A republic consisting of an island group in Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Port-Vila. It was called New Hebrides until 1980. It was discovered in 1606 by the Portuguese, forgotten for 160 years, then visited by Bougainville in 1768 and Captain Cook in 1774. It was under joint British and French administration from 1906 until it became independent in 1980 under the name of Vanuatu. The name is native, meaning our land. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p833 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p570)
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Entomology
A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.
Incidence
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
Melanesia
The collective name for the islands of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Australia, including NEW CALEDONIA; VANUATU; New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, FIJI, etc. Melanesia (from the Greek melas, black + nesos, island) is so called from the black color of the natives who are generally considered to be descended originally from the Negroid Papuans and the Polynesians or Malays. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p748 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p344)
Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.
French Guiana
A French overseas department on the northeast coast of South America. Its capital is Cayenne. It was first settled by the French in 1604. Early development was hindered because of the presence of a penal colony. The name of the country and the capital are variants of Guyana, possibly from the native Indian Guarani guai (born) + ana (kin), implying a united and interrelated race of people. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p418 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p195)
Communicable Disease Control
Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.
Merozoites
Uninuclear cells or a stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. Merozoites, released from ruptured multinucleate SCHIZONTS, enter the blood stream and infect the ERYTHROCYTES.
Zambia
A republic in southern Africa, south of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and TANZANIA, and north of ZIMBABWE. Its capital is Lusaka. It was formerly called Northern Rhodesia.
Drug Therapy, Combination
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Parasites
Invertebrate organisms that live on or in another organism (the host), and benefit at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.
Africa, Western
The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.
Angola
A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
India
Genes, Protozoan
The functional hereditary units of protozoa.
Equatorial Guinea
A republic in central Africa, bordering the Bay of Biafra, CAMEROON is to the north and GABON to the south. Its capital is Malabo.
Rural Health
The status of health in rural populations.
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.
Eritrea
A country of eastern Africa, west of the Red Sea, bordered west and northwest by SUDAN, and south by ETHIOPIA. Its capital is Asmara.
Colombia
Sri Lanka
Genome, Protozoan
The complete genetic complement contained in a set of CHROMOSOMES in a protozoan.
Vietnam
Cross-Sectional Studies
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Sickle Cell Trait
The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Insect Repellents
Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.
Schizonts
Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan protozoa. It is exemplified by the life cycle of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM in the MALARIA infection cycle.
Asia, Southeastern
The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.
Atlantic Islands
Widely scattered islands in the Atlantic Ocean as far north as the AZORES and as far south as the South Sandwich Islands, with the greatest concentration found in the CARIBBEAN REGION. They include Annobon Island, Ascension, Canary Islands, Falkland Islands, Fernando Po (also called Isla de Bioko and Bioko), Gough Island, Madeira, Sao Tome and Principe, Saint Helena, and Tristan da Cunha.
Hemeproteins
Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of the spleen.
Population Density
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
Weather
The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.
Health Facilities
Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.
Epidemiological Monitoring
Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.
Protective Devices
Devices designed to provide personal protection against injury to individuals exposed to hazards in industry, sports, aviation, or daily activities.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties and include the dimension of time in the analysis.
Population Surveillance
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
Oocysts
Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.
Laos
Cote d'Ivoire
A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.
Plasmodium gallinaceum
A protozoan parasite that causes avian malaria (MALARIA, AVIAN), primarily in chickens, and is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.
Africa, Eastern
The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.
Immunoglobulin G
The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.
Maps as Topic
Representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.
Treatment Outcome
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Family Characteristics
Size and composition of the family.
Trophozoites
Cells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. In the malarial parasite, the trophozoite develops from the MEROZOITE and then splits into the SCHIZONT. Trophozoites that are left over from cell division can go on to form gametocytes.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Coinfection
Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.
Hemoglobins
The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.
alpha-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.
Brazil
Azure Stains
PHENOTHIAZINES with an amino group at the 3-position that are green crystals or powder. They are used as biological stains.
Rwanda
A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA, east of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, west of TANZANIA. Its capital is Kigali. It was formerly part of the Belgian trust territory of Ruanda-Urund.
Venezuela
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.
Placenta
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).
Plasmodium cynomolgi
A protozoan parasite that occurs naturally in the macaque. It is similar to PLASMODIUM VIVAX and produces a type of malaria similar to vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species has been found to give rise to both natural and experimental human infections.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Can anything be done to maintain the effectiveness of pyrethroid-impregnated bednets against malaria vectors? (1/6719)

Pyrethroid-treated bednets are the most promising available method of controlling malaria in the tropical world. Every effort should be made to find methods of responding to, or preventing, the emergence of pyrethroid resistance in the Anopheles vectors. Some cases of such resistance are known, notably in An. gambiae in West Africa where the kdr type of resistance has been selected, probably because of the use of pyrethroids on cotton. Because pyrethroids are irritant to mosquitoes, laboratory studies on the impact of, and selection for, resistance need to be conducted with free-flying mosquitoes in conditions that are as realistic as possible. Such studies are beginning to suggest that, although there is cross-resistance to all pyrethroids, some treatments are less likely to select for resistance than others are. Organophosphate, carbamate and phenyl pyrazole insecticides have been tested as alternative treatments for nets or curtains. Attempts have been made to mix an insect growth regulator and a pyrethroid on netting to sterilize pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes that are not killed after contact with the netting. There seems to be no easy solution to the problem of pyrethroid resistance management, but further research is urgently needed.  (+info)

gammadelta T cells contribute to control of chronic parasitemia in Plasmodium chabaudi infections in mice. (2/6719)

During a primary infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi, gammadelta T cells are stimulated and their expansion coincides with recovery from the acute phase of infection in normal mice or with chronic infections in B cell-deficient mice (mu-MT). To determine whether the large gammadelta T cell pool observed in female B cell-deficient mice is responsible for controlling the chronic infection, studies were done using double-knockout mice deficient in both B and gammadelta cells (mu-MT x delta-/-TCR) and in gammadelta T cell-depleted mu-MT mice. In both types of gammadelta T cell-deficient mice, the early parasitemia following the peak of infection was exacerbated, and the chronic parasitemia was maintained at significantly higher levels in the absence of gammadelta T cells. The majority of gammadelta T cells in C57BL/6 and mu-MT mice responding to infection belonged predominantly to a single family of gammadelta T cells with TCR composed of Vgamma2Vdelta4 chains and which produced IFN-gamma rather than IL-4.  (+info)

Immunization of mice with DNA-based Pfs25 elicits potent malaria transmission-blocking antibodies. (3/6719)

Immunological intervention, in addition to vector control and malaria chemotherapy, will be needed to stop the resurgence of malaria, a disease with a devastating impact on the health of 300 to 500 million people annually. We have pursued a vaccination strategy, based on DNA immunization in mice with genes encoding two antigens present on the sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum, Pfs25 and Pfg27, to induce biologically important antibodies that can block development of the parasite in the Anopheles mosquito and thus transmission of the disease. DNA encoding Pfs25 when administered by the intramuscular route, either alone or with DNA encoding Pfg27, had the most potent transmission-blocking effects, resulting in up to a 97% decrease in oocyst numbers in mosquito midguts and a 75% decrease in rate of infection. Immunization with DNA encoding a Pfg27-Pfs25 fusion protein was less effective and DNA encoding Pfg27 elicited antibodies in sera that had only modest effects on the infectivity of the parasite. These results show for the first time that DNA vaccination can result in potent transmission-blocking antibodies in mice and suggest that the Pfs25 gene should be included as part of a multicomponent DNA vaccine.  (+info)

Antimalarial activities of various 9-phenanthrenemethanols with special attention to WR-122,455 and WR-171,669. (4/6719)

Pilot appraisals of the activities of 16 specially selected 9-phenanthrenemethanols against acute infections with Plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys showed that all were more active than the reference compound, WR-33,063. WR-122,455, the most active derivative, and WR-171,669, ranked sixth, were selected for study in human volunteers. To assist this undertaking, appraisals of both compounds in owl monkeys infected with various strains of P. falciparum were expanded. These assessments showed: (i) that WR-122,455 was four times as active as chloroquine against infections with chloroquine-sensitive strains and that WR-171,669 equalled chloroquine in activity; (ii) that these compounds were fully active against infections with strains resistant to chloroquine, pyrimethamine, or quinine, or to all three standard drugs; (iii) that the activity of WR-122,455 was a function of total dose, single doses being as effective as the same amounts delivered in three or seven daily fractions; and (iv) that a single dose of WR-122,455 conferred extended, although only partial, protection against challenges with trophozoites. Complementary experiments in rhesus monkeys inoculated with sporozoites of P. cynomolgi showed that the activity of WR-122,455 was limited to blood schizonts and did not extend to early or late tissue schizonts. These evaluations were compatible with the results of preliminary studies of the activities of WR-122,455 and WR-171,669 in human volunteers.  (+info)

Antimalarial activities of various 4-pyridinemethanols with special attention to WR-172,435 and WR-180,409. (5/6719)

Pilot appraisals of the activities of 10 specially selected 2,6-substituted-4-pyridinemethanols against acute Plasmodium falciparum infections in owl monkeys identified three derivatives that were two to three times as active as chloroquine against infections with a 4-aminoquinoline-susceptible strain and, at the same doses, were equally effective against infections with a strain fully resistant to treatment with maximally tolerated doses of chloroquine, quinine, and pyrimethamine. Two of these derivatives, WR-172,435 and WR-180,409, deemed worthy of evaluation in human volunteers, were studied in greater depth in owl monkeys infected with either the multidrug-resistant Smith strain of P. falciparum or the pyrimethamine-resistant Palo Alto strain of P. vivax. These studies showed (i) that at the same total oral dose, 3-day and 7-day treatment schedules were equally effective and slightly superior to a single-dose schedule; (ii) that WR-172,435 was slightly more active than WR-180,409 in each treatment regimen; (iii) that intravenous delivery of WR-180,409 phosphate was feasible and effective; (iv) that both compounds effected control of parasitemia more rapidly than any standard or newly discovered antimalarial drug; and (v) that WR-172,435 and WR-180,409 had therapeutic indexes at least four to eight times those exhibited by chloroquine in infections with 4-aminoquinoline-susceptible strains, indexes retained by these pyridinemethanols against infections with various drug-resistant strains.  (+info)

Suppression of lymphocyte transformation by plasma from owl monkeys acutely infected with Plasmodium falciparum. (6/6719)

Plasma collected from owl monkeys during the acute phase of Plasmodium falciparum infection was shown to adversely affect several in vitro responses which are considered to be correlates of cell-mediated immune functions of normal monkeys. In the presence of acute-phase plasma, response of normal monkey peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen was severely reduced, as was the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to respond to allogenic and xenogenic histocompatible antigens. The transformation response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal humans to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was also suppressed. Since acute-phase plasma was not cytotoxic for peripheral blood lymphocytes, decreased responsiveness did not result from cell destruction. Acute-phase plasma appears to block initial steps in lymphocyte transformation.  (+info)

Evaluating the community education programme of an insecticide-treated bed net trial on the Kenyan coast. (7/6719)

Increased interest in the potential contribution of insecticide-impregnated bed nets (ITBN) to malaria control has led to research efforts to determine the impact and sustainability of ITBN programmes in differing environments. There is a need to develop effective, feasible educational strategies that will both inform and motivate community members, and thus maximize the correct usage of ITBN. This is especially true in communities where indigenous usage of bed nets is low. This paper describes the educational component of a randomized controlled community intervention trial of ITBN, with childhood malaria morbidity as an outcome. The educational approach and messages for the ITBN trial were developed from anthropological survey data collected 4 years before the trial, and from community surveys conducted by project researchers. Low levels of understanding amongst mothers of the aetiological link between mosquitos and malaria led to the exclusion of the term 'malaria' from the initial educational messages promoting the use of ITBN. Appropriate individuals within the existing district health care structure were trained as community educators in the project. These educators conducted intensive teaching in the community through public meetings and group teaching in the first 6 months of the trial. The impact of these initial activities was assessed through interviews with a random sample of 100 mothers and 50 household heads. This allowed the identification of messages which had not been well understood and further educational methods were chosen to address the areas pinpointed. The community assessment also demonstrated that, in 1994, over 90% of mothers understood a protective role for bed nets against malaria and the ITBN education messages were changed to take account of this. The school programme was evaluated through determining outreach (the number of households accessed), changes in participant children's knowledge, post-teaching assessment of mothers' knowledge and discussions with parent-teacher associations. It was shown that 40% of intervention homes with children in the target group were accessed, participant children learned the educational messages well (scores increased from a pre-teaching mean of 59% to a post-teaching mean of 92%) and a high level of awareness of the ITBN trial was achieved in these homes (75%). However, specific messages of the education programmed were not well transferred to the home (30%). The discussion emphasises the need for allocation of adequate resources for education in programmes dependent on achieving a change in community practices. We also describe the value of ongoing communication between programme planners and a target population in maximizing the effectiveness of messages and methods used.  (+info)

Implementing a nationwide insecticide-impregnated bednet programme in The Gambia. (8/6719)

Earlier studies in The Gambia suggested that the use of impregnated bednets might prove to be a useful malaria control strategy. Based on the results of these studies, in 1992 the Government of The Gambia was encouraged to initiate a National Impregnated Bednet Programme (NIBP) as part of the National Malaria Control Programme Strategy. This paper describes the implementation process/procedure of the NIBP. Evaluation results showed that, overall, 83% of the bednets surveyed has been impregnated, and 77% of children under the age of five years and 78% of women of childbearing age were reported to be sleeping under impregnated bednets.  (+info)

MARA Distribution Model of Climatic Suitability for Malaria TransmissionMARA Distribution Model of Climatic Suitability for Malaria Transmission
This map is a theoretical model based on available long-term climate data. Although it is reasonably accurate, it is not based on actual malaria data and may not reflect the real malaria status. It shows the theoretical suitability of local climatic conditions, and therefore the potential distribution of stable malaria transmission in the average year. Please note that climatic conditions, and therefore malaria transmission, vary substantially from one year to the next. Malaria control activities can also dramatically alter the malaria transmission situation. Where climate is suitable (red = 1), malaria is likely endemic (hypo-, meso-, hyper- or holoendemic). Suitable areas may have little or no malaria because of malaria control. Where climate is unsuitable (white = 0), malaria is likely epidemic or absent. Some unsuitable areas may actually have endemic malaria because of the presence of surface water in an area where there is little or no rain. In the marginally suitable areas (0.1 - ...
http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/maproom/.Health/.Regional/.Africa/.Malaria/.MARA_Distribution_Model.html
Achieving global malaria eradication in changing landscapes | Malaria Journal | Full TextAchieving global malaria eradication in changing landscapes | Malaria Journal | Full Text
Land use and land cover changes, such as deforestation, agricultural expansion and urbanization, are one of the largest anthropogenic environmental changes globally. Recent initiatives to evaluate the feasibility of malaria eradication have highlighted impacts of landscape changes on malaria transmission and the potential of these changes to undermine malaria control and elimination efforts. Multisectoral approaches are needed to detect and minimize negative impacts of land use and land cover changes on malaria transmission while supporting development aiding malaria control, elimination and ultimately eradication. Pathways through which land use and land cover changes disrupt social and ecological systems to increase or decrease malaria risks are outlined, identifying priorities and opportunities for a global malaria eradication campaign. The impacts of land use and land cover changes on malaria transmission are complex and highly context-specific, with effects changing over time and space. Landscape
https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-021-03599-0
Preventing disease and saving lives: the malaria season is upon usPreventing disease and saving lives: the malaria season is upon us
Malaria prevention and control strategies are being implemented robustly in the endemic provinces; however, similar strategies in the non-endemic provinces are lagging behind. This paper provides advice on the key measures for malaria prevention and management. Successful malaria treatment is dependent on a high index of suspicion for malaria in patients with acute febrile illness, and urgent treatment with effective medication.. Prevention of malaria. Travellers to malaria areas in southern Africa will be particularly vulnerable as the malaria risk season peaks in the coming months; therefore emphasis should be placed on prevention. Measures to avoid mosquito bites are the mainstay of malaria prevention and should be emphasised at all times. Whether or not appropriate chemoprophylaxis is warranted, should be determined by weighing up the risk of contracting malaria against the risk of adverse effects. Malaria risk is determined by travel location and accommodation, as well as season and length ...
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742011001200008&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
The Relationship between Haemoglobin Levels and Platelet Counts of Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Children in Offinso, Ghana...The Relationship between Haemoglobin Levels and Platelet Counts of Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Children in Offinso, Ghana...
Malaria is known to have significant effects on the body. This study, investigated the relation between platelet and haemoglobin levels of malaria positive and negative children (age range = 1-14 years). Out of the 1049 children (4.1± 3.3 years), comprising 493 females and 556 males who were tested for malaria parasites, the prevalence of malaria was 35.3%. Children aged one year with malaria recorded the least hemoglobin concentration of 8.0 ± 2.4g/dL. As the age of the children with malaria infection increase, the haemoglobin concentration also increased. The prevalence of anemia (,10 g/dL) in malaria infected children was 55.4% compared to 28.0% in children without malaria. Children with malaria infection were up to 4.0 (OR) times more likely to have severe anemia (,7 g/dL) than those uninfected. Furthermore, only 5.6% of malaria negative patients had thrombocytopenia (platelet ,150 ); while 49.5% of malaria positive children had thrombocytopenia. There was a significant weak positive ...
https://www.journalajbgmb.com/index.php/AJBGMB/article/view/30154
The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in China, 2004-2012: from intensified control to...The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in China, 2004-2012: from intensified control to...
In China, the national malaria elimination programme has been operating since 2010. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological changes in patterns of malaria in China from intensified control to elimination stages. Data on nationwide malaria cases from 2004 to 2012 were extracted from the Chinese national malaria surveillance system. The secular trend, gender and age features, seasonality, and spatial distribution by Plasmodium species were analysed. In total, 238,443 malaria cases were reported, and the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum increased drastically from |10% before 2010 to 55.2% in 2012. From 2004 to 2006, malaria showed a significantly increasing trend and with the highest incidence peak in 2006 (4.6/100,000), while from 2007 onwards, malaria decreased sharply to only 0.18/100,000 in 2012. Males and young age groups became the predominantly affected population. The areas affected by Plasmodium vivax malaria shrunk, while areas affected by P. falciparum malaria expanded from 294
https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-13-419
Malaria control aimed at the entire population in KwaZulu-Natal negates the need for policies to prevent malaria in pregnancyMalaria control aimed at the entire population in KwaZulu-Natal negates the need for policies to prevent malaria in pregnancy
Malaria in pregnancy. It is estimated that approximately 50 million pregnant women globally are at risk of contracting malaria each year, and that 10 000 mothers and 200 000 infants die annually as a result of malaria in pregnancy.[1] Studies conducted in malarious areas of Africa have shown that the burden of malaria in pregnant women is higher than in non-pregnant women. In pregnancy malaria results in anaemia, low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, miscarriage, stillbirth, and perinatal and maternal deaths,[2-4] these complications being particularly severe in pregnant women co-infected with HIV.[5]. Control policy for malaria in pregnancy. The World Health Assembly in 2005 set targets of more than 80% coverage with all the recommended malaria interventions for pregnant women living in malaria endemic areas. These include indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide for households at risk of malaria. Thirty-three of the 45 African countries that are endemic for malaria had implemented an ...
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742013000300027&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission - Oxford Big Data Institute
The quantification of malaria transmission for the classification of malaria risk has long been a concern for epidemiologists. During the era of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme, measurements of malaria endemicity were institutionalised by their incorporation into rules outlining defined action points for malaria control programmes. We review the historical development of these indices and their contemporary relevance. This is at a time when many malaria-endemic countries are scaling-up their malaria control activities and reconsidering their prospects for elimination. These considerations are also important to an international community that has recently been challenged to revaluate the prospects for malaria eradication.
https://www.bdi.ox.ac.uk/publications/34192
13 Home Cure for alleviating symptoms of Malaria - Home-Cure Network
What is Malaria? Malaria is an infectious disease characterized by colonization of red blood cells in our body by a parasite called plasmodium. Plasmodium is carried by female anopheles mosquito and it reaches into blood when this mosquito bites a human. Once the parasite enters the body, it multiplies in the liver and then affects the red blood cells.. Malaria is widespread in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world, where the anopheles mosquitoes thrive.. Agents of Malaria: Round 80% of malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium falciparum which has a lifespan of 2 months. Other less common agents of malaria include Plasmodium vivax: ( 3 years, but less serious), Plasmodium Ovale: (3 years) and Plasmodium Malariae which is rare and mild form of malaria with a life span of 10 years or more. Variants of malaria include tertian fever, quartan fever and malignant tertian fever.. Malaria Incubation period: Malaria generally lasts for round 8 to 20 days (max 2 months) after the bite of ...
http://home-cure.net/home-cure-malaria-home-remedy-natural-cures/
Malaria Prevention & Treatment | ReproLinePlusMalaria Prevention & Treatment | ReproLinePlus
Ninety percent of malaria deaths occur in Africa and disproportionately affect pregnant women and young children. Approximately 125 million pregnancies occur each year in areas with P. falciparum and/or P. vivax malaria transmission; 10,000 of these women and 200,000 of their newborns will die as a result of malaria during pregnancy.Malaria in pregnancy (MIP) contributes to maternal anemia, maternal death, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and low birth weight.In areas of stable malaria transmission, babies are more likely to be small for gestational age, and in areas of unstable malaria transmission, they are more likely to be born preterm. One-third of all neonatal deaths in malaria endemic regions of Africa are due to low birth weight associated with P. falciparum infections during pregnancy. Key approaches to reduce the burden of malaria for pregnant women, their newborns and young children include: intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women (IPTp) in areas of stable malaria ...
http://reprolineplus.org/resources/technical/malaria-prevention-treatment?sort_by=field_publicate_date_computed&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=6&f%5B0%5D=field_resource_type%3A19&f%5B1%5D=field_country%3A228&f%5B2%5D=field_country%3A181
Notice to Readers: World Malaria Day --- April 25, 2009Notice to Readers: World Malaria Day --- April 25, 2009
World Malaria Day is commemorated on April 25, the date in 2000 when 44 African leaders met in Abuja, Nigeria, and signed the Abuja Declaration, committing their countries to cutting malaria deaths in half by 2010. Malaria is a preventable and treatable parasitic disease transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria continues to cause approximately 1 million deaths worldwide each year, with nearly 90% of these deaths occurring among young children in Africa (1). This years theme for World Malaria Day is Counting Malaria Out, reflecting the countdown to achieve the 2010 goal of the Abuja Declaration. Since 2000, increasing numbers of partners and resources have rapidly increased malaria control efforts, and a consensus global action plan* has been written to guide a coordinated international effort to control, eliminate, and ultimately eradicate malaria. CDC contributes to malaria control through participation in the Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI), a U.S. government interagency ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a6.htm
The impact of long-lasting microbial larvicides in reducing malaria transmission and clinical malaria incidence: study protocol...The impact of long-lasting microbial larvicides in reducing malaria transmission and clinical malaria incidence: study protocol...
In the past decade, the massive scale-up of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), together with the use of artemisinin-based combination treatments, have led to major changes in malaria epidemiology and vector biology. Overall malaria prevalence and incidence have been greatly reduced worldwide [1]. But the reductions in malaria have not been achieved uniformly; some sites have experienced continued reductions in both clinical malaria and overall parasite prevalence [2-6], while other sites showed stability or resurgence in malaria despite high coverage of ITNs and IRS [7-12]. Persistence and resurgence of vector populations continues to be an important issue for malaria control and elimination [12-16]. More importantly, extensive use of ITNs and IRS has created intensive selection pressures for malaria vector insecticide resistance as well as for potential outdoor transmission, which appears to be limiting the success of ITNs and IRS. For example, in Africa, ...
https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-016-1545-4
Bednets and preventative treatment reduce malaria infection in children - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comBednets and preventative treatment reduce malaria infection in children - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
All three trials separately found that the chances becoming infected with malaria were reduced by up to 85 per cent when intermittent preventive treatment in children (IPTc) was combined with the use of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs), the main tool currently used to protect people against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.. The three studies are published this week in the journal Public Library of Science (PLoS) Medicine. The studies provide further evidence to support IPTc being integrated into programmes designed to control malaria, particularly in areas that seriously affected by a higher rate of malaria infection during warm periods of the rainy season.. Previous clinical trials have shown that seasonal IPTc, which involves the administration of two or three doses of antimalarial drugs during the high malaria transmission season, has successfully reduced the number of people suffering malaria. Sleeping underneath ITNs has been shown to prevent malaria by 50 per cent, however these are the ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/infections/14322-bednets-and-preventative-treatment-reduce-malaria-infection-in-children.html
High burden of malaria and anemia among tribal pregnant women in a chronic conflict corridor in India | Conflict and Health |...High burden of malaria and anemia among tribal pregnant women in a chronic conflict corridor in India | Conflict and Health |...
This study confirms the high burden of malaria among tribal pregnant women in a chronic conflict corridor in India. It also shows that the burden of malaria among pregnant women varies according to seasonal patterns, being even more relevant during the high malaria season from October to March. In addition, it indicates that malaria infections among pregnant women in this area present a high risk, as the risk of malaria infection in pregnancy is especially high during first and second pregnancies [15]. More than 50% of pregnant women presenting for ANC care in this setting are in the first and second pregnancies.. Most malaria cases identified (99%) were caused by P. falciparum (isolated or mixed with other forms of malaria) which may add substantial risk to the patients. This finding is aligned with the results of other studies on malaria transmission dynamics made in this region in the past decades. Those studies show that in forested tribal areas in this region, malaria transmission seems to ...
https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-017-0113-1
MALARIA.com - What are the causes of malaria?MALARIA.com - What are the causes of malaria?
QUESTION. What are the causes of malaria?. ANSWER. Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes. In the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver, and then infect red blood cells. Usually, people get malaria by being bitten by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Only Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit malaria and they must have been infected through a previous blood meal taken on an infected person. When a mosquito bites an infected person, a small amount of blood is taken in which contains microscopic malaria parasites. About 1 week later, when the mosquito takes its next blood meal, these parasites mix with the mosquitos saliva and are injected into the person being bitten.. Because the malaria parasite is found in red blood cells of an infected person, malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplant, or the shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood. Malaria may also be ...
http://www.malaria.com/questions/what-causes-malari
Prolonged elevation of viral loads in HIV-1-infected children in a region of intense malaria transmission in Northern Uganda: a...Prolonged elevation of viral loads in HIV-1-infected children in a region of intense malaria transmission in Northern Uganda: a...
INTRODUCTION: Malaria and HIV-1 infection cause significant morbidity and mortality in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Recurrent malaria infection increases HIV-1 viral load in adults and increases the rate of progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS. The effect of malaria on viral loads in children living with AIDS (CLWA) is not clearly known. METHODS: One hundred thirty five afebrile HIV-1 positive children having negative blood slides for malaria were recruited at Apac Hospital and followed up for one year. They were monitored for development of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, which was treated with chloroquine (CQ) + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and the children followed up for 28 days. HIV-1 viral loads were measured over three time-points: at enrolment (no malaria), during an episode of malaria, and at a visit about 8 weeks (range 6-19 weeks) after the malaria visit when the child had neither parasites nor any intervening malaria episodes (post-malaria). Primary analyses were restricted to children
http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/7/11/full/
World Malaria Day 2019 - Africa Media Development FoundationWorld Malaria Day 2019 - Africa Media Development Foundation
World Malaria Day (WMD) is an international day which is celebrated every year on 25th April and recognizes global efforts to control malaria. World Malaria Day was established in May 2007 by the 60th session of the World Health Assembly, WHO decision-making body. The day was established to provide education and understanding of malaria and spread information on year-long intensified implementation of national malaria-control strategies, including community-based activities for malaria prevention and treatment in endemic areas. World Malaria Day allows for corporations, multinational organizations and grassroots organizations globally to work together to bring awareness to malaria and advocate for policy changes.. Since 2000, malaria affected countries and their development partners have made remarkable progress in reducing the total number of malaria cases and death. But the toll of malaria remains unacceptably high. Every two minutes, a child dies of this preventable and treatable disease, ...
https://amdf-centre.org/2019/04/25/world-malaria-day-2019/
malaria symptoms crossword clue puzzle - Yahoo Search Resultsmalaria symptoms crossword clue puzzle - Yahoo Search Results
May 21, 2018 · Malaria symptom; Illness with fever and shivering, malaria say; Podge leaves pedagogue with an old form of malaria; Bearers of malaria; Drug used to treat malaria; Anti-malaria bark extract; Last of malaria through extremities of tsetse fly; Agcy. founded to help fight malaria; Malaria may cause these; Cause of malaria possibly - fashionable cult live accepting it ...
https://search.yahoo.com/mobile/s?p=malaria+symptoms+crossword+clue+puzzle&ei=UTF-8&xargs=0&_tsrc=apple&age=1m&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Aw%2Cm%3Ars-bottom
14 Interesting Facts About Malaria Every Nigerian Should Know - INFORMATION NIGERIA14 Interesting Facts About Malaria Every Nigerian Should Know - INFORMATION NIGERIA
Malaria is commonly transmitted by mosquitoes which has a free breeding environment in Africa including Nigeria. According to the World Health Organisation, WHO, 438,000 deaths from malaria occurred in 2014 and that more than two thirds (70 percent) of all malaria deaths are to children under 5, even though malaria is a preventable, treatable disease. Many Nigerians often take malaria for granted and would totally ignore every symptoms. \it is important know all you need to know about the disease, INFORMATION NIGERIA in this piece brings you 10 interesting facts about it…. - Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites that are spread to people through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquito vectors. Of the 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly.. - Malaria breeds mostly in warmer climates, where there is an abundance of humidity and rain.. - Approximately 3.2 billion people are at risk of malaria. In 2015, there were an estimated 214 million ...
http://www.informationng.com/2016/03/14-interesting-facts-about-malaria-every-nigerian-should-know.html
Plasmodium falciparum infection patterns since birth and risk of severe malaria: a nested case-control study in children on the...
Children in malaria endemic areas acquire immunity to severe malaria faster than to mild malaria. Only a minority of children suffers from severe malaria and it is not known what determines this. The aim of this study was to establish how P. falciparum infections during the first years of life affect the risk of severe malaria. A matched case-control study was nested within a large birth cohort set up to study the immunoepidemiology of pneumococci on the Kenyan coast. Infection patterns in three-monthly blood samples in cohort children admitted to hospital with severe malaria were compared to controls matched on age, residential location and time of sampling. P. falciparum detected at least once from birth conferred an increased risk of severe malaria and particularly if multiclonal infections, as characterized by genotyping of a polymorphic antigen gene, were ever detected. The results show for the first time that children with severe malaria have more infections early in life compared to community
https://www.medawar.ox.ac.uk/publications/388184
Malaria and the role of community health workers - On HealthMalaria and the role of community health workers - On Health
In the province of Palawan, the Philippines, malaria remains in peripheral regions. To accelerate the efforts to eliminate malaria in these regions, a community-based malaria control program was established in 1999.. This program, which is called Kilusan Ligtas Malaria (Tagalog for Movement Against Malaria), involved training 344 inhabitants as malaria microscopists (one microscopist per malaria-endemic village).. The utilization of community health workers including the microscopists has been proposed to overcome the recognized paucity of human resources and health systems.. This utilization was proved to be a potentially inexpensive, effective, and sustainable approach to bring malaria diagnosis and treatment closer to the affected households.. The microscopists in Palawan diagnose malaria in febrile patients via microscopy and prescribe first-line anti-malarial drugs to these malaria-infected patients.. The microscopists also implement community awareness-raising activities (CARA) that aim to ...
https://blogs.biomedcentral.com/on-health/2016/04/22/malaria-role-community-health-workers/
WHY MALARIA IS STILL SO PREVALENT | actionsinspotlight
The disease malaria took about 445,000 lives in 2016 and infected about 216 million people, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Malaria is transmitted by female mosquitoes and can eventually be fatal. The WHO fact sheet on malaria said that several groups were more susceptible to malaria, such as infants, children under age 5, and pregnant women. Although malaria may sound very terrifying, it is perfectly curable. As a matter of fact, some places have completely eliminated malaria. For example, according to the CDC, the United States eliminated malaria in the early 1950s. Most of Europe, Australia, and a few Asian, South American, and African countries were also declared malaria-free. So why is the death count still so high?. Well, despite the fact that malaria has been eliminated in most developed countries, it is still widespread in less developed countries. For example, according to the WHO factsheet on malaria, the WHO African Region carried about 90% of malaria cases and 91% ...
https://www.actionsinspotlight.org/why-malaria-is-still
To assess whether indoor residual spraying can provide additional protection against clinical malaria over current best...To assess whether indoor residual spraying can provide additional protection against clinical malaria over current best...
Background: Recently, there has been mounting interest in scaling-up vector control against malaria in Africa. It needs to be determined if indoor residual spraying (IRS with DDT) will provide significant marginal protection against malaria over current best practice of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and prompt treatment in a controlled trial, given that DDT is currently the most persistent insecticide for IRS. Methods: A 2 armed cluster-randomised controlled trial will be conducted to assess whether DDT IRS and LLINs combined provide better protection against clinical malaria in children than LLINs alone in rural Gambia. Each cluster will be a village, or a group of small adjacent villages; all clusters will receive LLINs and half will receive IRS in addition. Study children, aged 6 months to 13 years, will be enrolled from all clusters and followed for clinical malaria using passive case detection to estimate malaria incidence for 2 malaria transmission seasons in 2010 and 2011. This ...
http://dro.dur.ac.uk/15681/
Intermittent preventive treatment against malaria: an update. - LSHTM Research Online | London School of Hygiene and Tropical...Intermittent preventive treatment against malaria: an update. - LSHTM Research Online | London School of Hygiene and Tropical...
Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) against malaria is a malaria control strategy aimed at reducing the burden of malaria in certain high-risk groups, namely pregnant women and children. Three strategies - IPT in pregnancy (IPTp), infants (IPTi) and children (IPTc) - are reviewed here focusing on the mechanism of action, choice of drugs available, controversies and future research. Drugs for IPT need to be co-formulated, long acting, safe and preferably administered as a single dose. There is no obvious replacement for sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, the most commonly utilized drug combination. All strategies face similar problems of rising drug resistance, falling malaria transmission and a policy shift from controlling disease to malaria elimination and eradication. IPT is an accepted form of malaria control, but to date only IPTp has been adopted as policy.. ...
http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/3762/
Malaria Reports
Malaria Reports is a peer-reviewed international medical journal devoted entirely to the study diagnosis, and treatment of malaria. The journal covers all aspects of malaria, including the pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, epidemiology, and treatment of malaria for physicians and medical scientists. The journal tries to attract papers on malaria in its broadest sense. The journal welcomes papers that:. - provide malaria burden estimates and ways to improve the burden estimation (i.e. using optimal diagnostic tests).. - provide a better understanding of malaria, especially explaining the complex interaction between humans, vectors, climate and the environment. Studies incorporating e.g. socio-economic determinants are strongly encouraged. In line with this objective, we will appreciate papers reporting on interventions against malaria and clinically relevant information that will directly improve the care of patients with malaria.. - report on existing malaria information systems and ...
http://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/malaria/
Current Issues for Anti-Malarial Drugs to Control P. falciparum Malaria. - LSHTM Research Online | London School of Hygiene...Current Issues for Anti-Malarial Drugs to Control P. falciparum Malaria. - LSHTM Research Online | London School of Hygiene...
Successful malaria control depends heavily on efficacious anti-malarial drugs for the treatment of malaria. Artesunate-containing Combination Treatments (ACT) are increasingly recommended as first line malaria treatment in endemic countries, but implementation of this recommendation is limited by the small number of available and affordable co-formulated anti-malarial drugs. In recent years Intermittent Preventive Treatment has been recommended for malaria control in pregnancy and has been shown to be of potential public health importance in the prevention of malaria and anaemia in children. The use of drugs for malaria treatment or prevention is associated with the development of resistance and recent advances in molecular biology facilitate the evaluation of the impact on drug resistance of new drug-based strategies. This review concentrates on the challenges surrounding the use of ACT, the current understanding of IPT in infants and the use of molecular approaches to enhance our understanding ...
http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/12071/
Meet the health workers at the frontlines of disease control: Q&A with a rural health worker | Malaria Consortium BlogMeet the health workers at the frontlines of disease control: Q&A with a rural health worker | Malaria Consortium Blog
Dorothy Ibrahim is a rural health worker of many years standing. She is a proud contributor to the fight against malaria in the rural settlement of Gauraka, just outside Abuja in Niger State. Nigeria is one of the worlds most malaria endemic countries, accounting for approximately a quarter of all deaths from the disease worldwide. Kolo Yakubu, Senior Technical Malaria Officer at Malaria Consortium in Nigeria, spoke to Dorothy about her role as a rural health worker and the impact that SuNMaP - Support to National Malaria Control Programme - a partnership programme led by Malaria Consortium, has had on her role.. Youve been working for many years in this area. What changes have you seen during that time?. When I first started working here, many years ago, I would do all that the books demanded but still lose the baby. Severe malaria claimed the lives of one in 15 children under-five in my area. The traditional healer would prescribe herbal concoctions and tell parents that their baby would ...
http://www.malariaconsortium.org/blog/meet-the-health-workers-at-the-frontlines-of-disease-control-qa-with-a-rural-health-worker/
IL4-589C/T polymorphism and IgE levels in severe malaria - Immunology
Previous studies identified an allelic variant of the IL4 promoter region (IL4-589T) that appears to enhance the transcriptional activity of IL4, and is associated with increased IgE levels. Total serum IgE levels are elevated in malaria endemic regions, and higher in children with severe malaria. Here, we investigated the relationship of the IL4-589C/T polymorphism with severity of the disease in a case-control study of severe malaria in Burkina Faso, West Africa. No association between the IL4-589T and severe malaria was observed. No difference in Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgE was detected between severe and uncomplicated malaria patients. Among children with severe malaria, total IgE levels were significantly elevated in those carrying the IL4-589T allele (P = 0.018). In children with uncomplicated malaria, no significant difference was found. These results raise the possibility that there is a relationship between susceptibility to severe malaria, IgE production and genetic variation in the IL4
https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/383354
Factors influencing malaria prevalence (morbidity) in Mukono District in Uganda : A case study of Goma sub county, Mukono...Factors influencing malaria prevalence (morbidity) in Mukono District in Uganda : A case study of Goma sub county, Mukono...
The study was about factors influencing malaria morbidity in Goma Sub County which is located in Mukono district. The main objective was to find out the relationship between social factors (settlement pattern, distance to bushes, distance to breeding places, income spent on malaria treatment and controls) and malaria morbidity. Specifically, the study looked at the effect of demographic factor (gender) on malaria morbidity and assessed the malaria prevention strategies. A simple random sample of 398 households based on three multi-stage sampling method at parish, village and household levels was used in the study. The variables in this research were analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Under multivariate analysis, the binary logistic regression was ran for occurrence of malaria morbidity against all other variables. The following variables sex, settlement pattern, proportion of household income spent on malaria controls, distance to bushes, distance to breeding places, use ...
http://dissertations.mak.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12281/6683
Analyzing Challenges Facing Global Health Efforts to Eradicate Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa | The University Library ArchivesAnalyzing Challenges Facing Global Health Efforts to Eradicate Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa | The University Library Archives
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by one of the plasmodia species that breed in the female anopheles mosquito. Plasmodium falciparum is the most severe and prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the fact that Malaria is a preventable and curable disease, it is endemic in over 90 countries. According to the latest estimates in the World Malaria report of 2014, 198 million cases occurred globally in 2013, and the disease led to over 500,000 deaths. The report also estimated international and domestic funding for malaria control and elimination for 2013 to be $2.7 billion. Even though malaria is a global disease, the burden is heaviest in the African region where 90% of malaria deaths occur. Since 1955, global health organizations have doubled their efforts for funding, vaccine development and, research, in an effort to eradicate malaria. However, the efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa region have been met with challenges like vector control, the changing epidemiology of malaria, donor fatigue, ...
https://muislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/muislandora:3005
Malaria research - The Travel Doctor
I am pleased to announce our latest research project: my staff and I are participating in the following very important initiative.. 3 Day Malarone Acceptability and Tolerability research project (3MAT). Malaria is one of the most common causes of fever in Australian travellers, with approximately 400 cases reported each year in Australia. Most travellers who develop malaria did not take anti-malarial medications, or did not take the medications properly (e.g. forgot to take tablets). Malaria is a serious illness and can potentially be fatal.. A research project is being conducted with the aim to make it easier and cheaper to take malaria pills and thus reduce the risk of malaria in travellers. Malarone is a safe and effective anti-malarial medication. The standard dosage of Malarone for prevention of malaria is one tablet per day, starting 2 days before travelling to a malaria area, daily while in a malaria area, and continuing until 7 days after leaving the malaria area.. Research has shown ...
http://www.thetraveldoctor.com.au/malaria-research/
Caretakers understanding of malaria, use of insecticide treated net and care seeking-behavior for febrile illness of their...Caretakers understanding of malaria, use of insecticide treated net and care seeking-behavior for febrile illness of their...
Local understandings of malaria and use of preventive measures-are critical factors in sustained control of malaria. This study assessed caretakers knowledge on malaria, use of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLINs) and care-seeking behavior for their childrens illness in different malaria transmission settings of Ethiopia. Data were collected from 709 caretakers of children of 2-9 years of age during in 2016. A standard questionnaire was used to assess caretakers perceptions of malaria, use of LLIN and care seeking behavior for febrile illness of children aged 2-9 years. The caretakers recognized malaria mostly by chills (70.4%, 499/709), fever (45.7%, 324/709) and headache (39.8%, 282/709). Overall, only 66.4% (471) of the caretakers knew that mosquito bite caused malaria and that it was quite heterogeneous by localities (ranging from 26.1% to 89.4%) and altitude (p | 0.05). Majority, 72.2% (512), of the caretakers knew that sleeping under LLIN could prevent malaria. Overall knowledge on
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-017-2731-z
Novel Strategies to Prevent Malaria and Improve Maternal-Child Health in Africa | Global Research ProjectsNovel Strategies to Prevent Malaria and Improve Maternal-Child Health in Africa | Global Research Projects
Malaria and HIV are two of the most important Infectious diseases worldwide that are overlapping and synergistic in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the scale up of front line prevention efforts, the burden of malaria remains staggering among pregnant women and children; and malnutrition and growth retardation are major threats to child health. The purpose of the Prevention of Malaria and HIV Disease in Tororo (PROMOTE) program project (POI) is to evaluate promising interventions to reduce the burden of malaria and HIV and Improve maternal-child health through hypothesis based intervention studies. PROMOTE II will test the hypotheses that a) enhanced malaria chemoprevention in HIV infected and uninfected pregnant women will reduce placenta malaria; b) enhanced chemoprevention provided during both pregnancy and childhood will reduce malaria in children in the first 2 years of life and c) limiting in utero exposure to malaria antigens with enhanced malaria chemoprevention during pregnancy will reduce ...
http://globalprojects.ucsf.edu/node/17456
Identifying the Urban Populations in Africa at Risk for Malaria from a New Vector - envirobitesIdentifying the Urban Populations in Africa at Risk for Malaria from a New Vector - envirobites
In humans, malaria causes fevers, liver problems, breathing issues, and death. Malaria also leads to billions in economic impact in the areas in which it is present. These impacts include lost productivity and earning power of those afflicted or killed by malaria, the health investments needed to combat malaria, and tourism being deterred by a fear of malaria.. In 2018, more than 228 million cases of malaria were recorded and over 400,000 people around the world died from it.. The majority of the most common mosquito vectors of malaria (all species within the Anopheles genus) live and thrive in Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Its possible that they have evolved alongside humans during mankinds long history in Africa to become even more efficient at transmitting malaria.. Until recently, most of the malaria outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa had been in rural or semi-rural areas. Scientists believe that this was the majority of the population in this area lived in rural areas. This is ...
https://envirobites.org/2020/09/17/identifying-the-urban-populations-in-africa-at-risk-for-malaria-from-a-new-vector/
Altmetric - Malaria prevalence in Mangaluru city area in the southwestern coastal region of IndiaAltmetric - Malaria prevalence in Mangaluru city area in the southwestern coastal region of India
Malaria is highly prevalent in many parts of India and the Indian subcontinent. Mangaluru, a city in the southwest coastal region of Karnataka state in India, and surrounding areas are malaria endemic with 10-12 annual parasite index. Despite high endemicity, to-date, very little has been reported on the epidemiology and burden of malaria in this area. A cross-sectional surveillance of malaria cases was performed among 900 febrile symptomatic native people (long-time residents) and immigrant labourers (temporary residents) living in Mangaluru city area. During each of dry, rainy, and end of rainy season, blood samples from a group of 300 randomly selected symptomatic people were screened for malaria infection. Data on socio-demographic, literacy, knowledge of malaria, and treatment-seeking behaviour were collected to understand the socio-demographic contributions to malaria menace in this region. Malaria is prevalent in Mangaluru region throughout the year and Plasmodium vivax is predominant ...
https://www.altmetric.com/details/30663841
Role of bharangyadi kwath in the cases of visham jwara (malaria) | International Journal of Development Research (IJDR)Role of bharangyadi kwath in the cases of visham jwara (malaria) | International Journal of Development Research (IJDR)
Malaria is a protozoal disease transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, caused by minute parasitic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, which infect human and insect hosts alternatively. There are four species of the genus plasmodium responsible for the malaria parasite infections that commonly infect man, P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.malariae and P.ovale. The most important of these is P.falciparum because it can be rapidly fatal and is responsible for the majority of malaria related deaths. Malaria effects mainly poor, underserved and marginalized populations in remote rural areas which are characterized by inadequate control measures and limited access to health care. Higher malaria prevalence has been reported among ethnic and tribal groups living in remote forested and border areas. Treatment for Malaria is primarily aimed at personal protective measures that prevent mosquitoes from biting and transmitting malaria, chemo-prophylaxis, anti-malarial drug of choice and blood schizonticides are the ...
http://journalijdr.com/role-bharangyadi-kwath-cases-visham-jwara-malaria
Spatial Analysis of Malaria Incidence at the Village Level in Areas with Unstable Transmission in EthiopiaSpatial Analysis of Malaria Incidence at the Village Level in Areas with Unstable Transmission in Ethiopia
BACKGROUND. Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia, accounting for over five million cases and thousands of deaths annually. The risks of morbidity and mortality associated with malaria are characterized by spatial and temporal variation across the country. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of malaria transmission at the local level and implements a risk mapping tool to aid in monitoring and disease control activities. METHODS. In this study, we examine the global and local patterns of malaria distribution in 543 villages in East Shoa, central Ethiopia using individual-level morbidity data collected from six laboratory and treatment centers between September 2002 and August 2006. RESULTS. Statistical analysis of malaria incidence by sex, age, and village through time reveal the presence of significant spatio-temporal variations. Poisson regression analysis shows a decrease in malaria incidence with increasing age. A significant difference in the ...
https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/3365
Vector-focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges...Vector-focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges...
In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been achieved towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, these new vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202009.0552/v1
Eleven years of malaria surveillance in a Sudanese village highlights unexpected variation in individual disease susceptibility...Eleven years of malaria surveillance in a Sudanese village highlights unexpected variation in individual disease susceptibility...
An analysis is presented of continuous data collected over 11 years based on 1 902 600 person/days of observation on the malaria experience of the people of Daraweesh, a village in eastern Sudan. Malaria transmission is hypo-endemic: the acquisition of clinical immunity with age is not as obvious as in more holo-endemic areas and malaria remained a problem in all age groups throughout the study. However, this population, who are of Fulani origin, showed a distinctly variable level of disease susceptibility. Thirty-two percent of the village never reported malaria symptoms or required malaria treatment while others experienced up to 8 clinical episodes over the 11 years of observation. Malaria incidence was clearly influenced by drought but much less obviously by rainfall. To what extent outbreak patterns are explicable in terms of anopheline factors, and to human immune factors, remains an interesting question for malaria modelling in this, and in other low transmission zones, such as the ...
http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/handle/123456789/17100
Malaria Is on the Rise Due to Lack of Funding, WHO Report SaysMalaria Is on the Rise Due to Lack of Funding, WHO Report Says
Sleeping under an insecticide-treated bednet (ITN) and spraying homes with insecticides are effective ways to prevent malaria in most countries affected by malaria.. While 54% of people at risk in sub-Saharan Africa slept with an ITN compared to 30% in 2010, the increase in coverage has slackened since 2014, according to the report.. The report also noted a decline in the number of people protected by insecticides, from an estimated 180 million in 2010 to 100 million in 2016. The largest decreases were noted in the African Region.. Read More: The UK Is Investing £45 Million to End Malaria in Uganda. In 2016, there was an estimated US$ 2.7 billion invested in malaria efforts worldwide, but the annual amount needed by 2020 to successfully reach the 2030 targets of WHOs malaria strategy is US $6.5 billion.. The WHO Global Technical Strategy for Malaria outlines a 40% decrease in malaria cases and mortality rates by the year 2020.. Meeting the global malaria targets will only be possible through ...
https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/malaria-on-the-rise/
Ghana, Kenya and Malawi to take part in WHO malaria vaccine pilot programme - AfricaNewsAnalysisGhana, Kenya and Malawi to take part in WHO malaria vaccine pilot programme - AfricaNewsAnalysis
The injectable vaccine, RTS,S, was developed to protect young children from the most deadly form of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. RTS,S will be assessed in the pilot programme as a complementary malaria control tool that could potentially be added to the core package of WHO-recommended measures for malaria prevention.. The prospect of a malaria vaccine is great news. Information gathered in the pilot programme will help us make decisions on the wider use of this vaccine, said Dr Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa. Combined with existing malaria interventions, such a vaccine would have the potential to save tens of thousands of lives in Africa, she added.. Africa bears the greatest burden of malaria worldwide. Global efforts in the last 15 years have led to a 62 percent reduction in malaria deaths between 2000 and 2015, yet approximately 429,000 people died of the disease in 2015, the majority of them young children in Africa.. The WHO pilot programme will assess ...
http://www.africanewsanalysis.com/ghana-kenya-and-malawi-to-take-part-in-who-malaria-vaccine-pilot-programme/
Frontiers | Pausing the Fight Against Malaria to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Is the Future of Malaria Bleak? |...Frontiers | Pausing the Fight Against Malaria to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Is the Future of Malaria Bleak? |...
Malaria remains a major global health burden, killing hundreds of thousands annually, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2019, a Phase IV Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI)-linked malaria vaccine implementation was underway. However, in December 2019, a novel pneumonia condition termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with many clinical, epidemiological, and biological parallels to malaria, was reported in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is spreading rapidly, and, as of the 3rd of June, 2020, more than 382,507 persons had died from COVID-19. Children under 5 years who suffer high malaria-attributable mortalities are largely asymptomatic for COVID-19. Considering that the malaria burden is highest in low-income tropical countries with little capacity to fund malaria control and eradication programs, the fight against malaria in these regions is likely to be hampered. Access to healthcare has generally been limited, while malaria
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01476/full
Dressing for malaria: testing insecticide treated clothing | Malaria Consortium BlogDressing for malaria: testing insecticide treated clothing | Malaria Consortium Blog
According to the recent World Malaria Report 2015, around 234 million people are at high risk of malaria in Southeast Asia. The region accounted for 10 percent of global malaria cases and seven percent of deaths in 2015.. There are two types of malaria that cause the most concern in the region - and both can be deadly. Seventy-four percent of P. vivax malaria cases occur in Southeast Asia. P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin, the most effective treatment, is also of grave concern in the region and has now been detected in five countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.. Malaria can be transmitted by biting mosquitoes during indoor and outdoor activities. However, current malaria vector control policy relies almost entirely on methods that address indoor feeding and resting mosquitoes through indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated mosquito nets. National malaria control programmes are finding that ...
http://www.malariaconsortium.org/blog/dressing-for-malaria-testing-insecticide-treated-clothing/
Innovations and Developments in Drugs Drives the Global Cerebral Malaria Therapeutics Market - BizPR.ca | Canadian Free Press...
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and animals caused by parasitic protozoan belonging to the plasmodium family. Malaria is typically transmitted from human to human through the bite of an infected Anopheles (female) mosquito. Symptoms of malaria include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, diarrhea, anemia, and vomiting. Severe malaria can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. Cerebral malaria is a form of severe malaria. Cerebral malaria has high mortality rate and can cause various complications in the neurology.. Cerebral malaria causes CNS manifestations which includes any degree of impaired consciousness, abnormal neurological signs, delirium, and focal and generalized convulsions. Causes of neurological manifestations in cerebral malaria are due to high-grade fever, anti-malarial drugs, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and severe anemia. Patients of cerebral malaria exhibit symptoms such as nystagmus, seizures, or fall into coma. Artemisinin derivatives ...
http://www.bizpr.ca/2017/03/21/cerebral-malaria-therapeutics-market-2/
Controlled Human Malaria Infection by Intradermal Injection of Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites in Tanzanian Adults - Tabular...Controlled Human Malaria Infection by Intradermal Injection of Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoites in Tanzanian Adults - Tabular...
Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) is a critical component of malaria vaccine and drug development and is an important element of any strategy for accelerating the development of new tools for malaria control, elimination and eradication. Until now, CHMI has been performed in malaria naïve subjects from countries not endemic for malaria using both infectious mosquitoes and recently, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ). Results from these studies report significant infection success in all study subjects and an excellent safety profile.. The conduct of CHMI studies in malaria endemic populations will allow early understanding of responses to new vaccines and drugs in endemic country populations and for direct comparisons between previously exposed and non-exposed individuals. Performing CHMI studies in malaria endemic countries will reduce associated costs, speed-up the process of testing and substantially contribute to the acceleration of the ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01540903
Malaria-specific antibody responses and parasite persistence after infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi<...Malaria-specific antibody responses and parasite persistence after infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Malaria-specific antibody responses and parasite persistence after infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi. AU - Achtman, A. H.. AU - Stephens, Robin. AU - Cadman, E. T.. AU - Harrison, V.. AU - Langhorne, J.. PY - 2007/9. Y1 - 2007/9. N2 - While it is known that antibodies are critical for clearance of malaria infections, it is not clear whether adequate antibody responses are maintained and what effect chronic infection has on this response. Here we show that mice with low-grade chronic primary infections of Plasmodium chabaudi or infections very recently eliminated have reduced second infections when compared with the second infection of parasite-free mice. We also show that parasite-specific antibody responses induced by infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi contain both short- and long-lived components as well as memory B cells responsible for a faster antibody response during re-infection. Furthermore, parasite-specific antibodies to the C-terminal fragment ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/malaria-specific-antibody-responses-and-parasite-persistence-afte
Impact of high malaria incidence in seasonal migrant and permanent adult male laborers in mechanized agricultural farms in...Impact of high malaria incidence in seasonal migrant and permanent adult male laborers in mechanized agricultural farms in...
Seasonal migrant and permanent laborers who are working in big mechanized agricultural farms in Metema - Humera lowlands are not included in Ethiopia Malaria Elimination Program. The aim of this research was to show the high confirmed and treated malaria cases in these laborers. A retrospective analysis of the confirmed and treated malaria cases in all the districts of West, Central and North Gondar Zones, using Weekly Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) reports, was conducted to show a complete picture of the malaria incidences in the areas. A total of 3,485,646 confirmed malaria cases were treated in Amhara region during 2013 to 2017. Of the total malaria cases in the Amhara region during these period, 1, 286, 848 cases or 37.2% were originated from West, Central and North Gondar Zones. But these 3 Zones contribute only 17% of Amhara region population. Of all the confirmed malaria cases reported in the 3 Zones, 41.7% (536,749/1286, 848) was reported from the three lowland districts (Metema, West
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-8415-4
Marked variation in MSP-119 antibody responses to malaria in western Kenyan highlands.Marked variation in MSP-119 antibody responses to malaria in western Kenyan highlands.
Assessment of malaria endemicity at different altitudes and transmission intensities, in the era of dwindling vector densities in the highlands, will provide valuable information for malaria control and surveillance. Measurement of serum anti-malarial antibodies is a useful marker of malaria exposure that indicates long-term transmission potential. We studied the serologic evidence of malaria endemicity at two highland sites along a transmission intensity cline. An improved understanding of the micro-geographic variation in malaria exposure in the highland ecosystems will be relevant in planning effective malaria control.Total IgG levels to Plasmodium falciparum MSP-119 were measured in an age-stratified cohort (< 5, 5-14 and ? 15 years) in 795 participants from an uphill and valley bottom residents during low and high malaria transmission seasons. Antibody prevalence and level was compared between different localities. Regression analysis was performed to examine the association between ...
https://vivo.health.unm.edu/display/n1556041538
Health effects of long-term exposure to insecticide-treated mosquito nets in the control of malaria in endemic regions, revised...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Health effects of long-term exposure to insecticide-treated mosquito nets in the control of malaria in endemic regions, revised. AU - Anyanwu, Ebere C.. AU - Ehiri, John E. AU - Kanu, Ijeoma. AU - Merrick, Joav. PY - 2006/12/15. Y1 - 2006/12/15. N2 - The endemicity of malaria in tropical areas of the world persists, especially in countries south of Saharan Africa. The efforts and concerns invested by the World Health Organization and other health agencies to eradicate malaria are commendable. However, in spite of all these efforts, the loss in economic and human resources continues. In a previous report, the long-term health effects of insecticide-impregnated bednet (IIBN) use were highlighted with the expectation of attracting serious thoughts and further research on the issue. This present paper is an update on that expectation. Results from a comprehensive literature search show that not much work has been done on the effects of long-term exposure to IIBNs in combating ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/health-effects-of-long-term-exposure-to-insecticide-treated-mosqu
World Malaria Day 2017 - Statement RBM | MalariaWorldWorld Malaria Day 2017 - Statement RBM | MalariaWorld
World Malaria Day 2017 Statement from Dr. Kesetebirhan Admasu Chief Executive Officer, Roll Back Malaria Partnership. We can be the generation to end malaria for good. April 25, 2017 - (Geneva, Switzerland). On World Malaria Day the global community unites to reflect on our progress and the challenges that lie ahead. Since 2000 we have made great strides in curbing the malaria epidemic. Thanks to the mobilization of resources and political will, malaria control and elimination efforts have resulted in nearly 7 million lives saved, hundreds of millions of infections averted and over US$2 trillion added to the economies of endemic countries. The Roll Back Malaria Partnership, recently revitalized and reinvigorated with new leadership and a new strategic approach has been central to this achievement. It remains pivotal in coordinating and convening partners worldwide to ensure sufficient and accessible resources for countries for malaria control and elimination efforts, and to providing cohesive ...
https://malariaworld.org/blog/world-malaria-day-2017-statement-rbm
GMS | MAINZ//2011: 56. GMDS-Jahrestagung und 6. DGEpi-Jahrestagung | Long-term effects of malaria prevention with insecticide...
Background: Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) have been shown to be very effective against malaria and are now a key tool of the global Roll Back Malaria initiative. There remain, however, concerns regarding possible higher mortality in children protected during early infancy due to interference with immunity development. Moreover, the long-term effects on malaria prevalence and morbidity are not well described. Methods: Between 2000 and 2002, a birth cohort was enrolled in 41 villages of a malaria holoendemic area in north-western Burkina Faso. All neonates (n=3387) were individually randomised to ITN protection from birth (group A) versus ITN protection from age 6 months (group B). Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. In 2009, a survey took place in 6 sentinel study villages, and in 2010, a census was conducted in all study villages.. Results: After a mean follow-up time of 7.3 years, 443/3387 (13.1%) children had migrated out of the area and 436/3230 (13%) had died, mostly at home. ...
https://www.egms.de/static/en/meetings/gmds2011/11gmds176.shtml
Increased Prevalence of Severe Malaria in HIV-Infected Adults in South Africa : Clinical Infectious Diseases - oi
Background. Conflicting reports exist regarding the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the risk of severe malaria. We aimed to assess the effect of HIV infection status, advancing immunosuppression, and antimalarial immunity on the severity of malaria.. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted. Consecutive hospitalized adult patients with falciparum malaria were tested for HIV antibodies and to determine CD4+ T cell count. Immunity to malaria was assessed by obtaining a history of childhood residence in an area where malaria is endemic. Patients were assessed for features of severe malaria.. Results. Three hundred thirty-six patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 32 (10%) had severe malaria. The prevalence of HIV infection was 33%, and 111 patients (33%) were nonimmune to malaria. HIV-infected patients complained more frequently about respiratory and abdominal symptoms and less frequently about rigors and headache. Risk factors for severe malaria determined ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1086/498023
Figure 2 - Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in Humans and Macaques, Thailand - Volume 17, Number 10-October 2011 - Emerging...
Naturally acquired human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi are endemic to Southeast Asia. To determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi malaria in malaria-endemic areas of Thailand, we analyzed genetic characteristics of P. knowlesi circulating among naturally infected macaques and humans. This study in 2008-2009 and retrospective analysis of malaria species in human blood samples obtained in 1996 from 1 of these areas showed that P. knowlesi accounted for 0.67% and 0.48% of human malaria cases, respectively, indicating that this simian parasite is not a newly emergent human pathogen in Thailand. Sequence analysis of the complete merozoite surface protein 1 gene of P. knowlesi from 10 human and 5 macaque blood samples showed considerable genetic diversity among isolates. The sequence from 1 patient was identical with that from a pig-tailed macaque living in the same locality, suggesting cross-transmission of P. knowlesi from naturally infected macaques to humans.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/10/11-0349-f2
Protect yourself against malaria
The Public Health Agency (PHA) is using World Malaria Day (25 April 2012) to warn travellers to take precautions on how to avoid this serious, sometimes fatal disease spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes in tropical countries. The number of malaria infections recorded among UK residents has increased by almost 30% in the last two years.. Malaria is common in many tropical countries, including large areas of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Haiti and the Dominican Republic, parts of the Middle and Far East and some Pacific Ocean Islands.. Dr Michael Devine, Consultant in Health Protection, PHA, said: Although malaria is potentially deadly, it is almost completely preventable. There are two main ways of avoiding malaria and it is important to follow both of them. These are, taking malaria prevention tablets and avoiding mosquito bites.. Malaria prevention tablets. There are many different malaria prevention tablets and it is very important to take the right ones for the area that ...
http://www.publichealth.hscni.net/print/1429
Malaysia Is on Track to Eliminate Malaria 10 Years Ahead of ScheduleMalaysia Is on Track to Eliminate Malaria 10 Years Ahead of Schedule
A decade ago, Malaysia became a founding member of the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network in an attempt to curb the high case rate of infection across Southeast Asia. The networks efforts - including widespread mosquito net distribution and increased funding for malaria research - helped see malaria rates fall in the region by 59% between 2010 to 2017. Read More: New Asia-Pacific Partnership Aims to Stop Fake Medicines Taking the Region Hostage. While Malaysias human malaria cases are essentially eliminated, health officials are concerned about an resurgence of the monkey malaria parasite. The rare form of malaria, known as Plasmodium knowlesi, infects the macaque monkey species and was long incorrectly thought not to affect humans.. According to the World Health Organization, Malaysia has the highest rates of Plasmodium knowlesi in the world. Since 2008, over 15,000 cases of monkey-linked malaria in humans have been reported in the country.. Read More: This New Malaria-Fighting Drug Is ...
https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/malaysia-to-eliminate-malaria-2020/
Evaluating Malaria Case Management at Public Health Facilities in Two Provinces in Angola | Management Sciences for HealthEvaluating Malaria Case Management at Public Health Facilities in Two Provinces in Angola | Management Sciences for Health
Abstract. Background: Malaria accounts for the largest portion of healthcare demand in Angola. A pillar of malaria control in Angola is the appropriate management of malaria illness, including testing of suspect cases with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and treatment of confrmed cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Periodic systematic evaluations of malaria case management are recommended to measure health facility readiness and adherence to national case management guidelines.. Methods: Cross-sectional health facility surveys were performed in low-transmission Huambo and high-transmission Uíge Provinces in early 2016. In each province, 45 health facilities were randomly selected from among all public health facilities stratified by level of care. Survey teams performed inventories of malaria commodities and conducted exit interviews and re-examinations, including RDT testing, of a random selection of all patients completing outpatient consultations. Key health facility ...
http://www.msh.org/resources/evaluating-malaria-case-management-at%C2%A0public-health-facilities-in%C2%A0two-provinces-in%C2%A0angola?page=33
Altmetric - The dangers of accepting a single diagnosis: case report of concurrent Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue...Altmetric - The dangers of accepting a single diagnosis: case report of concurrent Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue...
Dengue and malaria are two common, mosquito-borne infections, which may lead to mortality if not managed properly. Concurrent infections of dengue and malaria are rare due to the different habitats of its vectors and activities of different carrier mosquitoes. The first case reported was in 2005. Since then, several concurrent infections have been reported between the dengue virus (DENV) and the malaria protozoans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Symptoms of each infection may be masked by a simultaneous second infection, resulting in late treatment and severe complications. Plasmodium knowlesi is also a common cause of malaria in Malaysia with one of the highest rates of mortality. This report is one of the earliest in literature of concomitant infection between DENV and P. knowlesi in which a delay in diagnosis had placed a patient in a life-threatening situation. A 59-year old man staying near the Belum-Temengor rainforest at the Malaysia-Thailand border was admitted with fever ...
https://www.altmetric.com/details/15221816
Cerebral Malaria | Practical NeurologyCerebral Malaria | Practical Neurology
Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of man. It infects approximately 5% of the worlds population and kills somewhere between one and two million people each year. Of the four species of malaria parasites that infect humans, only Plasmodium falciparum is lethal. Cerebral involvement causing coma in severe falciparum malaria is a characteristic but ominous development carrying a 15-20% treated case fatality. Untreated it is considered uniformly fatal. Cerebral malaria is widely quoted as being the most common cause of coma in tropical areas of the world.. WHO GETS CEREBRAL MALARIA? In some parts of the tropics malaria is acquired as many as two or three times every day and thus everyone in the community has malaria all the time. At the other end of the spectrum, there are many areas where the chances of acquiring malaria are relatively low. For example, along the western border of Thailand,. ...
http://pn.bmj.com/content/4/1/20
Malaria prophylaxis - WikipediaMalaria prophylaxis - Wikipedia
Malaria prophylaxis is the preventive treatment of malaria. Several malaria vaccines are under development. Risk management Bite prevention-clothes that cover as much skin as possible, insect repellent, insecticide-impregnated bed nets and indoor residual spraying Chemoprophylaxis Rapid diagnosis and treatment Recent improvements in malaria prevention strategies have further enhanced its effectiveness in combating areas highly infected with the malaria parasite. Additional bite prevention measures include mosquito and insect repellents that can be directly applied to skin. This form of mosquito repellent is slowly replacing indoor residual spraying, which is considered to have high levels of toxicity by WHO (World Health Organization). Further additions to preventive care are sanctions on blood transfusions. Once the malaria parasite enters the erythorocytic stage, it can adversely affect blood cells, making it possible to contract the parasite through infected blood. Chloroquine may be used ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_prophylaxis
Imported malaria and artemisinin-based combination therapy failure in travellers returning to Belgium: a retrospective study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Imported malaria and artemisinin-based combination therapy failure in travellers returning to Belgium: a retrospective study. AU - Rovira-Vallbona, Eduard. AU - Bottieau, Emmanuel. AU - Guetens, Pieter. AU - Verschueren, Jacob. AU - Rebolledo, Javiera. AU - Nulens, Eric. AU - Van der Hilst, Jeroen. AU - Clerinx, Jan. AU - Van Esbroeck, Marjan. AU - Rosanas-Urgell, Anna. N1 - CPDF. PY - 2019. Y1 - 2019. N2 - BACKGROUND: Malaria (Plasmodium spp) remains a top cause of travel-associated morbidity among European residents. Here, we describe recent trends of imported malaria to Belgium and characterize the first cases of P.falciparum failure to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT).METHODS: National surveillance data and registers from national reference laboratory were used to investigate malaria cases and ACT failures in the past 20 years. Recurrent infections were confirmed by pfmsp genotyping and polymorphisms in drug resistance-associated genes pfk13, pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfpm2, ...
https://research.itg.be/en/publications/imported-malaria-and-artemisinin-based-combination-therapy-failur
FOREST MALARIA IN VIETNAM: A CHALLENGE FOR CONTROL | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneFOREST MALARIA IN VIETNAM: A CHALLENGE FOR CONTROL | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Forest malaria is a complex but common phenomenon occurring in southeast Asia. We studied its epidemiology through a prospective community-based study in central Vietnam. A total of 585 individuals were followed for two years by active case detection and biannual cross-sectional surveys. The prevalence of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum was constantly about 20% across surveys and the incidence rate of clinical episodes of P. falciparum malaria was 0.11/person-year. Multivariate analysis showed that regular forest activity was the main risk factor for clinical malaria and malaria infections. Untreated bed nets had a significant protective effect (60%), except for people regularly sleeping in the forest. The population-attributable fraction for regular forest activity was estimated to be 53%. Our results confirm the major role played by forest activity on the malaria burden in this area and provide the basis for targeting control activities to forest workers. New interventions based on insecticide
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2004.70.110
Malaria and the mobile and migrant population in Cambodia: a population movement framework to inform strategies for malaria...Malaria and the mobile and migrant population in Cambodia: a population movement framework to inform strategies for malaria...
The relationships between human population movement (HPM) and health are a concern at the global level. In the case of malaria, those links are crucial in relation to the spread of drug-resistant parasites and to the elimination of malaria in the Greater Mekong sub-Region (GMS) and beyond. The mobile and migrant populations (MMP) who are involved in forest-related activities are both at high risk of being infected with malaria and at risk of receiving late and sub-standard treatment due to poor access to health services. In Cambodia, in 2012, the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) identified, as a key objective, the development of a specific strategy for MMPs in order to address these challenges. A population movement framework (PMF) for malaria was developed and operationalized in order to contribute to this strategy.. Read the full piece from Malaria Journal here.. ...
https://www.psi.org/news/malaria-and-the-mobile-and-migrant-population-in-cambodia-a-population-movement-framework-to-inform-strategies-for-malaria-control-and-elimination/
Zambia Malaria Indicator Survey 2012 | GHDxZambia Malaria Indicator Survey 2012 | GHDx
Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Ministry of Health (Zambia), Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI), United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO). Zambia Malaria Indicator Survey 2012 ...
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/zambia-malaria-indicator-survey-2012
Table 2 - Genetic Structure of Plasmodium falciparum and Elimination of Malaria, Comoros Archipelago - Volume 16, Number 11...
The efficacy of malaria control and elimination on islands may depend on the intensity of new parasite inflow. On the Comoros archipelago, where falciparum malaria remains a major public health problem because of spread of drug resistance and insufficient malaria control, recent interventions for malaria elimination were planned on Moheli, 1 of 4 islands in the Comoros archipelago. To assess the relevance of such a local strategy, we performed a population genetics analysis by using multilocus microsatellite and resistance genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum sampled from each island of the archipelago. We found a contrasted population genetic structure explained by geographic isolation, human migration, malaria transmission, and drug selective pressure. Our findings suggest that malaria elimination interventions should be implemented simultaneously on the entire archipelago rather than restricted to 1 island and demonstrate the necessity for specific chemoresistance surveillance on each of the 4
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/16/11/10-0694-t2
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi: differential susceptibility of gene-targeted mice deficient in IL-10 to an erythrocytic-stage...Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi: differential susceptibility of gene-targeted mice deficient in IL-10 to an erythrocytic-stage...
Female and male mice deficient in IL-10 production by targeted disruption of the IL-10 gene were infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS) blood-stage parasites. Both male and female mutant mice exhibited more severe signs of disease than did +/+ or heterozygous control mice. Female defective mice also displayed an increased mortality; 56% of mice died within 20 days of infection. Mortality did not appear to be due to a fulminating parasitemia as death occurred at different levels of parasitemia in the individual mice. The acute infection was accompanied by an enhanced Th1 IFN-gamma response. This response was retained in the chronic phase of infection of both male and female mutant mice, whereas in controls the responding CD4+ T cells were predominantly Th2 cells secreting IL-4. The data suggest that IL-10 regulates the inflammatory response to the parasite and that in its absence the combined effects of malaria toxins and the sustained or enhanced IFN-gamma response lead to increased ...
http://edoc.mdc-berlin.de/14074/
In the town of Djibo in northern Burkina Faso, a Fulani child is sick with malaria. After a visit to the local military health...
In the town of Djibo in northern Burkina Faso, a Fulani child is sick with malaria. After a visit to the local military health center, the childs father, Dicko Ousmana, feeds his son artesunate and amodiaquine, an artemisin-combination therapy for malaria treatment. While easily prevented by sleeping under an insecticide-treated mosquito net every night, throughout Africa, malaria is a major killer of pregnant women and children under five.. rural,african,africans,amodiaquine,artemisinin combination therapy,artesunate,babies,baby,burkina faso,child,children under five,disease,diseases,djibo,drugs,father,fathers,fula,fulani,malaria,malaria treatment,medical,medicine,pediatric,peul,peule,pharmaceutical,prescription drug,public health,sahel,sick,sickness,soum province,west africa. Spirit of Humanity. ...
https://www.ireneabdouphotography.com/galleries/ngo-photography/images/f91422d3-e9c1-458e-8434-34334ff4b444
Malaria Information and Resources - Fogarty International Center @ NIH
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease causing fever, chills and flu-like illness that can be fatal. Despite an increased focus on malaria, it still claims hundreds of thousands of lives each year, most of them children in Africa. Poor quality antimalarial drugs, which lead to drug resistance and inadequate treatment, are also a growing concern, posing an urgent threat to vulnerable populations.. Fogarty has supported a wide range of efforts to combat malaria, including the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria, an international effort to identify and address malaria research priorities. Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases, a joint NIH - National Science Foundation (NSF) initiative, funds malaria-related projects in Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Belize and more. Through the Global Infectious Disease program, Fogarty has supported research training efforts that advance scientific discoveries, while developing local malaria research capacity in places where its needed most.. Fogartys epidemiology ...
https://www.fic.nih.gov/ResearchTopics/Pages/InfectiousDiseases-Malaria.aspx
Ecotope-Based Entomological Surveillance and Molecular Xenomonitoring of Multidrug Resistant Malaria Parasites in Anopheles...Ecotope-Based Entomological Surveillance and Molecular Xenomonitoring of Multidrug Resistant Malaria Parasites in Anopheles...
The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) malaria caused by |i|Plasmodium falciparum|/i| or |i|Plasmodium vivax|/i| have become increasingly important in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). MDR malaria is the heritable and hypermutable property of human malarial parasite populations that can decrease |i|in vitro|/i| and |i|in vivo|/i| susceptibility to proven antimalarial drugs as they exhibit dose-dependent drug resistance and delayed parasite clearance time in treated patients. MDR malaria risk situations reflect consequences of the national policy and strategy as this influences the ongoing national-level or subnational-level implementation of malaria control strategies in endemic GMS countries. Based on our experience along with current literature review, the design of ecotope-based entomological surveillance (EES) and molecular xenomonitoring of MDR falciparum and vivax malaria parasites in |i|Anopheles|/i| vectors is proposed to monitor infection pockets in transmission control areas
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ipid/2014/969531/
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration to Humans Disrupts Malaria Parasite...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration to Humans Disrupts Malaria Parasite...
Abstract. Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) to humans is used to control onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. Recent field studies have shown an added killing effect of ivermectin MDA against malaria vectors. We report that ivermectin MDA reduced the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infectious Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) in treated villages in southeastern Senegal. Ivermectin MDA is a different delivery method and has a different mode of action from current malaria control agents. It could be a powerful and synergistic new tool to reduce malaria transmission in regions with epidemic or seasonal malaria transmission, and the prevalence and intensity of neglected tropical diseases.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0160
Malaria parasite | definition of malaria parasite by Medical dictionaryMalaria parasite | definition of malaria parasite by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of malaria parasite in the Medical Dictionary? malaria parasite explanation free. What is malaria parasite? Meaning of malaria parasite medical term. What does malaria parasite mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/malaria+parasite
High parasitaemia incidence rates can be used to estimate malaria morbidity rates<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - High parasitaemia incidence rates can be used to estimate malaria morbidity rates. AU - Delacollette, C. AU - Van der Stuyft, P. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - A method to test the hypothesis that parasitological data can provide an accurate approximation to malaria morbidity is described using data collected in Nyanza Lac, a hyperendemic malaria region with perennial transmission in South Burundi, between June 1990 and May 1991. AB - A method to test the hypothesis that parasitological data can provide an accurate approximation to malaria morbidity is described using data collected in Nyanza Lac, a hyperendemic malaria region with perennial transmission in South Burundi, between June 1990 and May 1991. KW - B780-tropical-medicine. KW - Protozoal diseases. KW - Malaria. KW - Parasitemia. KW - Incidence. KW - Morbidity. KW - Burundi. KW - Africa-Central. M3 - A1: Web of Science-article. VL - 87. SP - 537. EP - 539. JO - Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. JF - Annals of ...
https://research.itg.be/en/publications/high-parasitaemia-incidence-rates-can-be-used-to-estimate-malaria
Epistasis between the haptoglobin common variant and α+thalassemia influences risk of severe malaria in Kenyan children. -...
Haptoglobin (Hp) scavenges free hemoglobin following malaria-induced hemolysis. Few studies have investigated the relationship between the common Hp variants and the risk of severe malaria, and their results are inconclusive. We conducted a case-control study of 996 children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and 1220 community controls and genotyped for Hp, hemoglobin (Hb) S heterozygotes, and α(+)thalassemia. Hb S heterozygotes and α(+)thalassemia homozygotes were protected from severe malaria (odds ratio [OR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.18 and OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.91, respectively). The risk of severe malaria also varied by Hp genotype: Hp2-1 was associated with the greatest protection against severe malaria and Hp2-2 with the greatest risk. Meta-analysis of the current and published studies suggests that Hp2-2 is associated with increased risk of severe malaria compared with Hp2-1. We found a significant interaction between Hp genotype and α(+)thalassemia in predicting
https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/447811
Human genetic determinants of severe malaria in Burkina Faso | MalariaGENHuman genetic determinants of severe malaria in Burkina Faso | MalariaGEN
An unmatched case-control study was conducted. Severe malaria cases and mild malaria controls were children (aged 1 month - 15 years) of Mossi ethnicity, admitted to hospital with signs of severe and uncomplicated malaria, respectively. The children were recruited from patients admitted to the paediatric ward of three hospitals in Ouagadougou (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Centre Médical Paul VI and Centre Médical Saint Camille) during the high malaria transmission seasons of 1993-94.. The criteria for inclusion followed the definitions stated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Severe malaria was defined by the presence of P. falciparum in the thick blood film associated with at least one of the following conditions: prostration (incapacity of child to sit without help in absence of coma), unrousable coma (Blantyre coma score ≤ 2), repeated generalised convulsions (more than two episodes in the preceding 24 hr), severe anaemia (haemoglobin ,5 g/dl), hypoglycemia ...
https://www.malariagen.net/network/where-we-work/human-genetic-determinants-severe-malaria-burkina-faso
Piperaquine concentration and malaria treatment outcomes in Ugandan children treated for severe malaria with intravenous...
BACKGROUND:Treatment for severe malaria must be prompt with effective parenteral antimalarial drugs for at least 24 h to achieve fast parasite clearance, and when the patient can tolerate oral therapy, treatment should be completed with effective artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) for complete parasite clearance and to prevent recrudescence. We evaluated piperaquine concentration and malaria treatment outcomes among Ugandan children treated for severe malaria with intravenous artesunate (AS) or quinine (QN) plus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), in Tororo District Hospital in Eastern Uganda. METHODS:Capillary blood piperaquine concentration data were obtained from a randomized clinical trial whose objective was to evaluate parasite clearance, 42-day parasitological treatment outcomes and safety, following treatment of severe malaria with intravenous AS or QN, plus artemether-lumefantrine or DP among children in Tororo District Hospital, in Eastern Uganda. RESULTS:Piperaquine concentration
https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/publications/1077788
April Malaria Advisory | NICDApril Malaria Advisory | NICD
Southern Africa is currently experiencing the annual malaria season and as expected there has been an increase in transmission due to the rise in ambient temperature, rainfall and humidity as compared to the same period last year.. With the approach of the holiday season in April, it is important for travellers visiting any of the malaria areas within Southern Africa and elsewhere to take appropriate precautions and maintain a high index of suspicion for symptoms of malaria on their return.. Where is malaria found?. The areas of transmission of malaria in South Africa are the north -eastern parts of Limpopo (along the borders with Mozambique and Zimbabwe), the lowveld areas of Mpumalanga (including the Kruger National Park but excluding Mbombela and immediate surrounds) and the far northern parts of Kwa-Zulu Natal (see map). While the Kruger National Park does fall in the malaria risk area, the transmission risk would be considered low to moderate, depending on the specific camps visited for ...
http://www.nicd.ac.za/index.php/malaria-advisory-april-2017/
Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against malaria mosquitoes in northwestern Burkina Faso | Parasites &...Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against malaria mosquitoes in northwestern Burkina Faso | Parasites &...
In Sub Saharan Africa malaria remains one of the major health problems and its control represents an important public health measure. Integrated malaria control comprises the use of impregnated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying. The use of drugs to treat patients can create additional pressure on the equation of malaria transmission. Vector control may target the adult mosquitoes or their aquatic larval stages. Biological larvicides such as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) represent a promising approach to support malaria control programs by creating additional pressure on the equation of malaria transmission. In this study we examined the efficacy of a water-dispersible granule formulation (WDG) of the biological larvicide Bti (VectoBac®) against wild Anopheles spp. larvae. Different concentrations of the larvicide were tested in standardized plastic tubs in the field against untreated controls. In weekly intervals tubs were treated with fixed concentrations of larvicide and the
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-7-371/tables/2
City Research Online - The Game-Theoretical Model of Using Insecticide-Treated Bed-Nets to Fight MalariaCity Research Online - The Game-Theoretical Model of Using Insecticide-Treated Bed-Nets to Fight Malaria
Malaria infection is a major problem in many countries. The use of the Insecticide-Treated BedNets (ITNs) has been shown to significantly reduce the number of malaria infections; however, the effectiveness is often jeopardized by improper handling or human behavior such as inconsistent usage. In this paper, we present a game-theoretical model for ITN usage in communities with malaria infections. We show that it is in the individuals self interest to use the ITNs as long as the malaria is present in the community. Such an optimal ITN usage will significantly decrease the malaria prevalence and under some conditions may even lead to complete eradication of the disease.. ...
https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/15858/
IAMAT | Bhutan | MalariaIAMAT | Bhutan | Malaria
Risk is present in the country; areas of risk are specified: Risk is present year round in the following southern districts bordering India: Samtse, Chukha, Dagana, Tsirang, Sarpang, Zhemgang, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar. Take one of the malaria suppressive medications listed below.. Focal malaria transmission during the summer rainy season (May to September) occurs throughout the other districts below 1700 m / 5577 ft. Take meticulous anti-mosquito bite measures during the risk season. The districts of Bhumthang, Gasa, Paro and Thimphu are risk free.. Malaria risk is present below the altitude of : 1700 meters High risk months for Malaria are: January to December Malaria transmission vector(s): A.culicifacies Incidence of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: 35 ...
https://www.iamat.org/country/bhutan/risk/malaria
MalariaMalaria
WHO site on malaria CDC site on malaria PAHO site on malaria Portal: Medicine (Wikipedia articles in need of updating from ... "Malaria Worldwide - How Can Malaria Cases and Deaths Be Reduced? - Drug resistance in the Malaria Endemic World". www.cdc.gov. ... Severe malaria is usually caused by P. falciparum (often referred to as falciparum malaria). Symptoms of falciparum malaria ... The geographic distribution of malaria within large regions is complex, and malaria-afflicted and malaria-free areas are often ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
Malaria!Malaria!
"Malaria!" from The great indie discography "Germany" from Billboard "Malaria!" from Forty years videoart.de, Part 1 Malaria! at ... Malaria!'s most popular record was New York Passage (produced by Eric Dufaure for Cachalot Records), which was top 10 in both U ... Malaria! was an experimental electronic band from West Berlin formed in 1981 by Gudrun Gut and Bettina Köster following the ... 1981: Malaria (12") 1981: How Do You Like My New Dog? (7") 1982: Emotion (LP) 1982: New York Passage (12") 1982: White Water ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria!
Malaria JournalMalaria Journal
Hommel, Marcel (2010). "10 years of Malaria Journal: how did Open Access change publication patterns?". Malaria Journal. 9: 284 ... The Malaria Journal is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by BioMed Central. It was established in 2002 and ... "Malaria Journal". 2014 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2015. Official website v t e ( ... Malaria, BioMed Central academic journals, Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals, Microbiology journals, English- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_Journal
Malaria prophylaxisMalaria prophylaxis
Several malaria vaccines are under development. For pregnant women who are living in malaria endemic areas, routine malaria ... Malaria prophylaxis is the preventive treatment of malaria. ... Malaria is one of the oldest known pathogens, and began having ... Once the malaria parasite enters the erythrocytic stage, it can adversely affect blood cells, making it possible to contract ... Malaria prevention Mosquito control Radeva-Petrova, D; Kayentao, K; ter Kuile, FO; Sinclair, D; Garner, P (10 October 2014). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_prophylaxis
Malaria cultureMalaria culture
... is the method to grow malaria parasites outside the body i.e. in an ex vivo environment. Although attempts for ... Sherman, I. W. (2010). Magic Bullets to Conquer Malaria. From Quinine to Qinghaosu. ASM Press. ISBN 978-1-55581-543-1. LeRoux M ... Doolan, D. L. (Editor) (2002) Malaria Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine) , Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, ISBN 0- ... Trager W, Jensen JB (1997). "Continuous culture of Plasmodium falciparum: its impact on malaria research". Int. J. Parasitol. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_culture
Malaria ConsortiumMalaria Consortium
"Malaria Consortium - Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention". GiveWell. Retrieved 2021-02-09. "Malaria Consortium - Trustees' Report ... "Malaria Consortium , Malaria Consortium awarded prestigious Independent Research Organisation status". Malaria Consortium. ... Established in 2003, Malaria Consortium works in Africa and Asia Pacific with aims to combat malaria and neglected tropical ... Malaria and parasite control in general is central to Malaria Consortium's strategy. It focuses on the prevention, control, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_Consortium
Airport malariaAirport malaria
Malaria transmission in-flight or on a stop-over is not considered airport malaria. Although most imported malaria is due to ... Airport malaria, sometimes known as baggage, luggage or suitcase malaria, occurs when a malaria infected female Anopheles ... airport malaria is specifically caused by the transmission of malaria parasites to a human through the bite of a malaria ... Airport malaria is rare with most cases being reported sporadically and in the summer. It is not as well recognised as malaria ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_malaria
Malaria (disambiguation)Malaria (disambiguation)
Malaria may also refer to: Malaria (1919 film), a German silent film Malaria (1943 film), a French drama film Malaria (2016 ... Look up malaria in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and ... an experimental electronic band from West Berlin This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Malaria. If ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_(disambiguation)
Target MalariaTarget Malaria
... www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2020 Feachem, R., Chen, I, Akbari, O. et al. Malaria ... www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2020 Feachem, R., Chen, I, Akbari, O. et al. Malaria ... Reducing the number of mosquitoes that can transmit the malaria parasite would lead to fewer malaria infections. The project's ... of malaria deaths in the world. According to the World Malaria Report 2020 published by the World Health Organization, despite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_Malaria
Malaria therapyMalaria therapy
The malaria therapy (or malaria inoculation, and sometimes malariotherapy) is a medical procedure of treating diseases using ... In malaria therapy, malarial parasites (Plasmodium) are specifically used to cause fever, and an elevated body temperature ... He understood and reported on the value of malaria and typhoid in the treatment of mental disease. He was the first to ... As the primary disease is treated, the malaria is then cured using antimalarial drugs. The method was developed by Austrian ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_therapy
Avian malariaAvian malaria
Valkiūnas, Gediminas; Iezhova, Tatjana A. (2018-05-29). "Keys to the avian malaria parasites". Malaria Journal. BioMed Central ... causing avian malaria to be a widespread global disease, found everywhere except Antarctica. Avian malaria is most notably ... there is no specific phylogeny for avian malaria parasites and related haemosporidian parasites. However, given that malaria ... Avian malaria is a parasitic disease of birds, caused by parasite species belonging to the genera Plasmodium and Hemoproteus ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_malaria
Malaria vaccineMalaria vaccine
"RTS,S malaria candidate vaccine reduces malaria by approximately one-third in African infants". malariavaccine.org. Malaria ... "Malaria Vaccines". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Malaria Vaccine Initiative Malaria vaccines UK ... A malaria vaccine is a vaccine that is used to prevent malaria. The only approved use of a vaccine outside the EU, as of 2022, ... Research continues with other malaria vaccines. The most effective malaria vaccine is R21/Matrix-M, with a 77% efficacy rate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_vaccine
Congenital malariaCongenital malaria
P37.3) Congenital falciparum malaria (P37.4) Other congenital malaria (Congenital disorders). ... "Prevalence of congenital malaria in high-risk Ghanaian newborns: a cross-sectional study". Malaria Journal. 12 (1): 17. doi: ... Congenital malaria is an extremely rare condition which occurs due to transplacental transmission of maternal infection. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_malaria
Malaria No MoreMalaria No More
... is a nonprofit organization that seeks to eradicate malaria. The organization has offices in the United States ... Since Malaria No More's inception - at the White House event that launched the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative in 2006 - ... Malaria No More has worked to mobilize political commitment, funding and innovation, with the goal of "ending malaria within ... Malaria No More's official Website Forecasting Healthy Futures Twittering for a Good Cause, CNN, April 17, 2009 Big Guns Enter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_No_More
Malaria Atlas ProjectMalaria Atlas Project
Malaria prevalence is known to vary in a relatively predictable fashion in space and time, and observed malaria prevalence ... "MAP Researchers". Malaria Atlas Project. Retrieved January 9, 2017. The Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) was founded in 2005 Weiss, ... "Millions of children's lives saved as malaria deaths plunge: U.N." Reuters. 2015-09-16. Retrieved 2015-12-09. Malaria Atlas ... Although still below target levels, current malaria interventions have substantially reduced malaria disease incidence across ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_Atlas_Project
Malaria (1919 film)Malaria (1919 film)
Malaria is a 1919 German silent film directed by Rochus Gliese and starring Lyda Salmonova, Emil Kühne, and Ewald Bach. Lyda ... Malaria at IMDb v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, IMDb ID same as Wikidata ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_(1919_film)
Malaria (1943 film)Malaria (1943 film)
Malaria at IMDb v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, IMDb ID same as Wikidata ... Malaria is a 1943 French drama film directed by Jean Gourguet and starring Mireille Balin, Sessue Hayakawa and Jacques Dumesnil ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_(1943_film)
Against Malaria FoundationAgainst Malaria Foundation
World Swim Against Malaria Against Malaria Foundation GiveWell's assessment of the Against Malaria Foundation. Includes ... "Trustees". Against Malaria Foundation. Retrieved 8 March 2021. "Malaria Advisory Group". Against Malaria Foundation. Retrieved ... "History". Against Malaria Foundation. Retrieved February 19, 2017. "THE AGAINST MALARIA FOUNDATION - Charity 1105319". register ... "Distribution Partners". Against Malaria Foundation. Retrieved 8 March 2021. Official website "Against Malaria Foundation, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Against_Malaria_Foundation
History of malariaHistory of malaria
... in an endemic malaria vector. Malaria was effectively eliminated in the United States by the use of DDT in the National Malaria ... Malaria and the Fall of Rome Malaria Around the North Sea Malariasite: History Centers for Disease Control: History of Malaria ... The name malaria is derived from mal aria ('bad air' in Medieval Italian). This idea came from the Ancient Romans, who thought ... The presence of malaria in Egypt from circa 800 BCE onwards has been confirmed using DNA-based methods. Malaria became widely ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_malaria
Africa Fighting MalariaAfrica Fighting Malaria
... "seeks to educate people about the scourge of Malaria and the political economy of malaria control". The organization generally ... Africa Fighting Malaria (AFM) was an NGO based in Washington D.C., United States and South Africa which stated that it " ... According to their website, last updated in 2011, their mission was to "make malaria control more transparent, responsive and ... "Nonprofit Explorer - AFRICA FIGHTING MALARIA INTERNATIONAL INC - ProPublica". projects.propublica.org. Retrieved 2016-05-16. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Fighting_Malaria
Malaria in PalestineMalaria in Palestine
Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in Palestine The Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in Palestine Local Malaria Elimination ... A contribution to the epidemiology of malaria". Am. J. Hyg. 6: 431-449. Kligler, I.J.; Mer, G. (1930). "Studies on malaria: V. ... doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(41)90040-8. How the Fight Against Malaria Infected the Future Map of Israel How was malaria of 100 years ... Israel Jacob Kligler was a microbiologist, a Zionist, and a key contributor to the eradication of malaria in Israel. Malaria ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_in_Palestine
Amazon Malaria InitiativeAmazon Malaria Initiative
To achieve the malaria control objective, AMI has created the following set of goals and priorities. Ensure malaria control ... "Malaria in the Americas". paho.org. Retrieved 26 June 2014. "Combating Malaria" (PDF). NAPSA. Minsa (November 7, 2008). "Casos ... Cibulskis, Roll Back Malaria Partnership; [co-authored by Richard; Szilagyi], Zsofia (2012). Defeating malaria in Asia, the ... The Americas plan of action includes a 75% reduction in malaria morbidity as well as 25% reduction in malaria related deaths by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Malaria_Initiative
Malaria Control ProjectMalaria Control Project
In 2008, among the studies performed were the effectiveness of different types of Malaria vaccines in high and low malaria ... "Open Malaria" which can be used to simulate outcomes in various types of malaria transmission settings. On 21 June 2016, ... The model simulates malaria infection in 50,000 to 100,000 people. Each work unit lasted for an hour in average personal ... "Open Malaria releases". GitHub. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017. Maire (21 June 2016). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_Control_Project
Presidents Malaria InitiativePresident's Malaria Initiative
Roll Back Malaria, and Global Fund. Global malaria efforts, including those of PMI, have cut malaria mortality by over 60%, ... The President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) is a U.S. Government initiative to control and eliminate malaria, one of the leading ... "The President's Malaria Initiative and Other U.S. Government Global Malaria Efforts". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. ... "About , PMI". President's Malaria Initiative. "The President's Malaria Initiative, 12th Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). PMI. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President's_Malaria_Initiative
Malaria in MadagascarMalaria in Madagascar
... stratifying the country into malaria epidemiologic clusters based on the intensity of malaria transmission. Malaria control and ... Despite recent progress, malaria in Madagascar remains a major health problem, and severe malaria is among the top five causes ... From 2003 to 2013, there were clear impacts observed from malaria control program investments, including decreases in malaria ... Malaria epidemiology varies considerably in different regions of Madagascar; however, the entire population is considered to be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_in_Madagascar
Imagine No MalariaImagine No Malaria
... (INM) is a comprehensive anti-malaria campaign run by The United Methodist Church. The ministry mission ... As a life-saving ministry, Imagine No Malaria aims to raise $75 million to empower the people of Africa to overcome malaria's ... Tuberculosis and Malaria, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Red Crescent Society. The Imagine No Malaria campaign has ... Imagine No Malaria works in partnership with the United Nations Foundation and the Global Fund to reduce the number of deaths ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagine_No_Malaria
Mosquito-malaria theoryMosquito-malaria theory
ISBN 978-0-595-40731-6. Malaria: Past and Present The History of Malaria, an Ancient Disease History of Malaria: Scientific ... Thus the theory became the foundation of malariology and the strategy of control of malaria. Malaria was prevalent in the Roman ... It was from those Romans the name "malaria" originated. They called it malaria (literally meaning "bad air") as they believed ... The theory proposed that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes, in opposition to the centuries-old medical dogma that malaria ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito-malaria_theory
Pregnancy-associated malariaPregnancy-associated malaria
"CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - Where Malaria Occurs". www.cdc.gov. CDC-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. ... "Pregnancy-associated malaria and malaria in infants: an old problem with present consequences". Malaria Journal. 13 (1): 271. ... Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) or placental malaria is a presentation of the common illness that is particularly life- ... January 2020). "Vivax malaria in pregnancy and lactation: a long way to health equity". Malaria Journal. 19 (1): 40. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy-associated_malaria
Malaria (2016 film)Malaria (2016 film)
Malaria'". Screen Daily. Retrieved 21 October 2016. Vladimir Kozlov (15 October 2016). "Parviz Shahbazi's 'Malaria' Wins Grand ... Malaria at IMDb v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, 2016 films, ... Malaria (Persian: مالاریا) is a 2016 Iranian drama film written and directed by Parviz Shahbazi. It world premiered in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_(2016_film)
World Malaria DayWorld Malaria Day
... WHO website Roll Back Malaria Partnership - World Malaria Day MALARIA.com - World Malaria Day WHO Global ... Malaria No More UK, World Malaria Day. "Malaria , Mosquitoes Suck: The Tour". Malaria Community, World Malaria Day. "World ... World Malaria Day 2019-2020-2021: "Zero malaria starts with me" World Malaria Day 2018: "Ready to beat malaria" World Malaria ... World Malaria Day 2013-2015 web site World Malaria Day 2012 web site World Malaria Day 2011 web site World Malaria Day 2009- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Malaria_Day
CDC - Malaria - TravelersCDC - Malaria - Travelers
Education and Information for Travelers regarding Malaria risks and prevention. ... Malaria Notices. New! Update to Guidance for use of Artemether-Lumefantrine (Coartem®) in Pregnancy for Uncomplicated Malaria. ... Prophylaxis Guidelines for Malaria in "Off-the-Radar" Areasexternal icon. *Travel to West Africa? Dont Neglect Malaria ... If malaria prevention medicines will be needed for the traveler, the Malaria Information by Country Table lists the CDC- ...
https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/index.html
Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prophylaxis Information, by Country - Chapter 2 - 2020 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health | CDC
Malaria. 3 Refers to P. falciparum malaria unless otherwise noted.. 4Tafenoquine can cause potentially life-threatening ... MALARIA. The following recommendations to protect travelers from malaria were developed by using the best available data from ... If the information is available, trends in malaria incidence and other data are considered in the context of malaria control ... For a thorough discussion of malaria and guidance for prophylaxis, see Chapter 4, Malaria. ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/yellow-fever-malaria-information-by-country/dominican-republic
MalariaMalaria
1976)‎. Malaria. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/127245 ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/127245?locale-attribute=zh&
Malaria: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaMalaria: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Malaria is a parasitic disease that involves high fevers, shaking chills, flu-like symptoms, and anemia. ... Malaria is a major disease hazard for travelers to warm climates.. In some areas of the world, mosquitoes that carry malaria ... Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn baby (congenitally) and by blood transfusions. Malaria can be ... Malaria, especially falciparum malaria, is a medical emergency that requires a hospital stay. Chloroquine is often used as an ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000621.htm
Single-Dose Drug Prevents Malaria RelapseSingle-Dose Drug Prevents Malaria Relapse
Funding for both studies was provided by GlaxoSmithKline and Medicines for Malaria Venture. Several coauthors report funding ... Cite this: Single-Dose Drug Prevents Malaria Relapse, Patient Selection Key - Medscape - Jan 16, 2019. ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/907772
MalariaMalaria
... dc.contributor.advisor. World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/127245?locale-attribute=es&show=full
Malaria Surveillance -- United States, 1992Malaria Surveillance -- United States, 1992
Cryptic Malaria No cases of cryptic malaria were reported for 1992 (6). Induced Malaria The following three cases of blood ... Imported Malaria Cases Imported Malaria in Military Personnel Twenty-nine cases of imported malaria in U.S. military personnel ... Microscopic Diagnosis of Malaria The early diagnosis of malaria requires that physicians consider malaria in the differential ... Malaria Acquired in the United States Congenital Malaria The following four cases of congenitally acquired malaria were ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0039398/m0039398.asp
Emergent Management of Malaria: Overview, Emergency Department Care, Admission GuidelinesEmergent Management of Malaria: Overview, Emergency Department Care, Admission Guidelines
Although typically an illness of tropical regions of the world, more than 1500 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United ... Malaria is the most deadly vector-borne human disease in the world. ... The WHO also has established guidelines for the treatment of malaria [19] and management of severe malaria. [20] Malarial ... Go to Malaria and Malaria in Children for complete information on these topics. ...
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/784065-overview
malaria | Blogs | CDCmalaria | Blogs | CDC
... malaria - Sharing our stories on preparing for and responding to public health events ...
https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/tag/malaria/
Malaria | OMS | Bureau régional pour lAfriqueMalaria | OMS | Bureau régional pour l'Afrique
The Burden of Malaria in the AFRO Region ... of malaria-related deaths. The socioeconomic impact of malaria ... 10 Facts on Malaria in Africa (2015). *Ghana, Kenya and Malawi to Take Part in WHO Malaria Vaccine Pilot Programme (Press ... The Burden of Malaria in the AFRO Region. Between 2000 and 2015, the number of new malaria cases declined by 42%, and the ... The MAL programme seeks to reduce morbidity and mortality due to malaria while simultaneously maintaining malaria free areas ...
https://www.afro.who.int/fr/node/8923
CDC - Malaria - Malaria Worldwide - CDCs Global Malaria Activities - Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI)CDC - Malaria - Malaria Worldwide - CDC's Global Malaria Activities - President's Malaria Initiative (PMI)
Information on the Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI) and how CDC works with other agencies in support of it. ... The very low prevalence of malaria found in the city allowed the National Malaria Control Program and PMI to focus malaria ... Malaria Notices. New! Discontinuation of CDCs Distribution of Intravenous Artesunate as Commercial Drug. Guidance for Malaria ... The U.S. Presidents Malaria Initiative. The U.S. Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI)external icon is a U.S. Government ...
https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/cdc_activities/pmi.html
WHO EMRO | Reports | Malaria
Malaria control and elimination , Publications , Reports Section menu. You are here. *Malaria control and elimination*About the ... Estimated malaria case incidence decreased by 11% between 2010 and 2015. Estimated malaria mortality rate reduced by 6% between ... Report on the fourth intercountry meeting of national malaria programme managers-countries free of malaria or with residual ... Report on the fifth intercountry meeting of national malaria programme managers - countries free of malaria or with residual ...
https://www.emro.who.int/malaria/reports/
Investing In Women, Girls Key To Ending AIDS, TB, Malaria | KFFInvesting In Women, Girls Key To Ending AIDS, TB, Malaria | KFF
... and Malaria Epidemics Kate Dodson, vice president for global health at the United Nations Foundation ... Huffington Post: Women and Girls are Key to Ending the AIDS, TB, and Malaria Epidemics. Kate Dodson, vice president for global ... Investing In Women, Girls Key To Ending AIDS, TB, Malaria. Sep 26, 2016 ...
https://www.kff.org/news-summary/investing-in-women-girls-key-to-ending-aids-tb-malaria/
News Releases - The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and MalariaNews Releases - The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
Krystals Fight: Surviving Malaria as a Child to Combat the Disease Every Day as a Scientist ...
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/?&page=27
Malaria fundraiser, new art exhibit and more events plannedMalaria fundraiser, new art exhibit and more events planned
NIH Funds 10 International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research | National Institutes of Health (NIH)NIH Funds 10 International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
14 million in first-year funding to establish 10 new malaria research centers around the world. ... In an effort to accelerate the control of malaria and help eliminate it worldwide, the National Institute of Allergy and ... NIH Funds 10 International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research. In an effort to accelerate the control of malaria and ... an effort that since 2005 has worked to fight malaria in the regions most affected by the disease. Infection by malaria-causing ...
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funds-10-international-centers-excellence-malaria-research
Malarias WHO moment | Nature BiotechnologyMalaria's WHO moment | Nature Biotechnology
Malarias WHO moment. Nature Biotechnology volume 39, page 1322 (2021)Cite this article ... Malarias WHO moment. Nat Biotechnol 39, 1322 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01129-6 ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-021-01129-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=6cf60698-a1ee-45d4-bccf-bf631d1ab28b
CDC - Malaria - Travelers - Risk AssessmentCDC - Malaria - Travelers - Risk Assessment
Education and information for Health-Care Professionals regarding a malaria risk assessment for travelers including questions ... Malaria Notices. New! Discontinuation of CDCs Distribution of Intravenous Artesunate as Commercial Drug. Guidance for Malaria ... Malaria infection in pregnant women can be more severe than in nonpregnant women. Malaria can increase the risk for adverse ... See the malaria information by country table for details.. Malaria transmission is not distributed homogeneously throughout all ...
https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/risk_assessment.html
Project #54 | Malaria Prevention in Myanmar - One Days WagesProject #54 | Malaria Prevention in Myanmar - One Day's Wages
One of the leading causes of death in children under five in Myanmar is Malaria. Malaria is highly endemic in the remote rural ... Our partnership with BusinessKind set out to 1. decrease the mortality and morbidity of malaria in pregnant women and children ...
https://onedayswages.org/malaria-prevention-in-myanmar/
Biting back against malaria | Shell GlobalBiting back against malaria | Shell Global
Learn how a project supported by Shell is helping protect thousands of people in the Philippines from a potentially deadly bite.
https://www.shell.com/inside-energy/biting-back-against-malaria.html
Malaria eradication special accountMalaria eradication special account
1956)‎. Malaria eradication special account. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/88360 ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/88360
Malaria, genetic diseases plagued King Tut - CNN.comMalaria, genetic diseases plagued King Tut - CNN.com
... died of conditions including malaria and complications from a leg fracture, according to a study published this week in the ... CNN) -- The legendary Egyptian boy king Tutankhamun, commonly known as King Tut, died of conditions including malaria and ... But DNA testing also showed evidence of plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. The parasite ...
https://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/16/king.tut.malaria/index.html?hpt=C1
Drug Shown to Dramatically Cut Malaria DeathsDrug Shown to Dramatically Cut Malaria Deaths
Experts say, left untreated, death is certain in severe cases of malaria. But in the first large, clinically controlled trial ... Researchers have known for a long time about artemisinins effectiveness as a malaria treatment. But, according to Dr. White, ... The other half received quinine, the standard treatment for malaria in Africa and throughout many parts of Asia. ... Since the 1960s, quinine has become less effective as the malaria parasite becomes more resistant to quinine. ...
https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-08-25-voa42/395068.html
MERA India: Malaria Elimination Research Alliance IndiaMERA India: Malaria Elimination Research Alliance India
... J Vector Borne Dis. 2019 Jan-Mar;56(1):1-3. doi: 10.4103/0972- ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31070158/
FT Health: Moving beyond malaria | Financial TimesFT Health: Moving beyond malaria | Financial Times
... a surge in chronic diseases and the continued burden of malaria. As an FT special report on malaria shows, despite substantial ... What about your work around malaria?. We continue to be very dedicated to our initiative. We have committed to distribute up to ... The World Bank reckons that without extra investment, diseases such as TB and malaria will push an additional 28.3m people into ... Yet the wider use of diagnostics (which still need improvement) has shown many infections previously thought to be malaria are ...
https://www.ft.com/content/73b81fe6-2bff-11e7-bc4b-5528796fe35c
Monkey malaria alert in Sabah | The StarMonkey malaria alert in Sabah | The Star
... their hunt for the Anopheles mosquitoes that are known for transmitting an emerging disease called Plasmodium knowlesi malaria ... "Malaysias national malaria eradication plan is proving extremely effective in reducing case numbers of other types of malaria. ... "Conventional approaches used to tackle malaria such as drugs or bed nets cannot be used to combat P. knowlesi as monkeys are ... He said health officials were doing all things possible to optimise the treatment of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria or more ...
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/06/11/monkey-malaria-alert-in-sabah-intense-hunt-on-for-diseasecarrying-mozzies/
Fighting malaria with mobile devicesFighting malaria with mobile devices
... s Innovating Social Change Conference 2014 on the private ventures helping tackle the public scourge of malaria ... Malaria No More CEO Martin Edlund spoke at Kellogg' ... Fighting malaria with mobile devices. Malaria No More CEO spoke ... Here are a few of the ways Malaria No More is using mobile to fight malaria:. *Malaria No More paired with African leaders and ... Malaria No More CEO Martin Edlund made a bold prediction at Kellogg on Wednesday about what will take malaria off the board.. " ...
https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/news_articles/2014/10312014-innovating-social-change-martin-edlund.aspx
MalariaMalaria
... in the U.S.. Malaria was previously more widespread in temperate areas including North America and Europe. It is ... Unstable, or epidemic, malaria refers to an increase in malaria in areas of low endemicity or to outbreaks in areas previously ... Malaria is suspected in persons with a history of being in an endemic area and presenting symptoms consistent with malaria (see ... Reviews on severe malaria and pathogenesis: *IA Clark, WB Cowden (2003) The pathophysiology of falciparum malaria. Pharmacology ...
http://www2.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/malaria.html
MalariaMalaria
Ovale Malaria, Falciparum Malaria, Vivax Malaria, Quartan Malaria, Tertian Fever, Quartan Fever. ... Malaria, Plasmodium Falciparum, Plasmodium Malariae, Plasmodium Vivax, Plasmodium Ovale, Plasmodium Falciparum Infection, ... Ovale Malaria, Falciparum Malaria, Vivax Malaria, Quartan Malaria, Tertian Fever, Quartan Fever ... Falciparum or Knowlesi Malaria or Severe Case and Unknown Species *See CDC emergency contact information as below for Malaria ...
https://fpnotebook.com/mobile/ID/Parasite/Mlr1.htm
PlasmodiumMosquitoesEradicationPresident's Malaria InitiativeParasitesVivax malariaVaccinePreventionAfricaCauses malaria2022ProgrammeHumansDeathsPrevent malariaEliminate MalariaAcquired malaria casesInterrupting malaria transmissionEliminationEndemic areasFalciparum MalariaAnophelesInfectionBurden of malariaAreas where malariaMultidrug resistant malariaTreatment of severe malariaIndia2021IncidenceHuman malariaReduce malariaTransmissionDisease20172000Million cases of malariaSevereInsecticide treatedTravelersMorbidityRisk for malariaSymptoms of malariaFight against malariaAntimalarialCentersInfectionsCasesAnti-malariaClinical malariaEffective malariaSurveillanceGlobal Malaria Action PlanVirtually all patients with malariaTuberculosisMosquito-borneChillsSpecies2018ResearchersPatientsControlEpidemiologyResistanceWorld's populationWorld Health Organ
Plasmodium29
  • Problem/Condition: Malaria is caused by one of four species of Plasmodium (i.e. (cdc.gov)
  • Relatively less is known about Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri , however disease is typically of similar course and severity of vivax malaria. (medscape.com)
  • Although local Plasmodium transmission is rare in the United States (despite recent cases of P vivax transmitted locally), malaria was once widely endemic in the United States, and there is the potential for a resurgence of endemic malaria. (medscape.com)
  • But DNA testing also showed evidence of plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans. (cnn.com)
  • KOTA KINABALU: Health authorities in Sabah are intensifying their hunt for the Anopheles mosquitoes that are known for transmitting an emerging disease called Plasmodium knowlesi malaria from monkeys to humans. (thestar.com.my)
  • He said health officials were doing all things possible to optimise the treatment of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria or more commonly known as monkey malaria in humans through early detection. (thestar.com.my)
  • Malaria is caused by members of the genus Plasmodium . (tulane.edu)
  • Malaria is a disease that results from the bite of a female mosquito carrying a Plasmodium parasite. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Of the five species of Plasmodium that cause malaria, P. vivax and P. ovale have the added complication of a dormant liver stage, which can be reactivated without the need for a mosquito bite. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Scientists have for the first time detected the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in India's rhesus and bonnet monkeys and called for intensive surveillance to determine whether this has any implications for the country's malaria-control programme. (telegraphindia.com)
  • Malaria is a disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium , which is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. (paho.org)
  • Malaria parasites, of which Plasmodium falciparum is the most widespread and lethal, are transmitted by mosquitoes and have a complex life cycle. (news-medical.net)
  • They have found that the doughnut-shaped cereal, Cheerios, provides the ideal growing condition to cultivate fungi that are being studied for their ability to kill Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria. (scienceblog.com)
  • Malaria is caused by a parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, which is transmitted from person to person via mosquitoes. (nbcnews.com)
  • NIAID grantee Manuel Llinas, of Princeton University, and his colleagues discovered that Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite, uses a double-branched metabolic pathway instead of the classical loop. (medindia.net)
  • Malaria in humans is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • But in 2008, malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum parasites started to become resistant to artemisinin in western Cambodia. (upi.com)
  • Our research provides a systematic functional analysis for all the 30 phosphatases in Plasmodium berghei - the parasite responsible for causing malaria in rodents. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • In humans the deadliest form of malaria is caused by the single cell parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • ANSWER Plasmodium, the single-celled parasite which causes malaria, has been infecting humans since ancient times. (malaria.com)
  • Malaria (Plasmodium spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria is a potentially life-threatening parasitic disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. (medscape.com)
  • Malaria is an important parasitic disease of humans caused by infection with a parasite of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by female anopheles . (bvsalud.org)
  • Resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is threatening to reverse recent gains in reducing global deaths from malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Treatment of uncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale , and Plasmodium vivax in adult and pediatric patients. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment of malaria acquired in geographic areas where chloroquine resistance occurs or when the Plasmodium species has not been identified. (nih.gov)
  • Oxidative killing of the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii by activated macrophages. (aai.org)
  • Enfermedad protozoaria causada en los seres humanos por cuatro especies del género PLASMODIUM: P. falciparum (MALARIA FALCIPARUM), P. vivax (MALARIA VIVAX), P. ovale y P. malariae, que se trasmiten por la picadura de un mosquito hembra infectado del género Anopheles. (bvsalud.org)
  • En los ANIMALES, la malaria la causan otras especies del género Plasmodium. (bvsalud.org)
Mosquitoes21
  • Because malaria-transmitting mosquitoes are most active at night, include an assessment of the likelihood that the travelers might be spending time outdoors in the evenings for dining or entertainment. (cdc.gov)
  • Mosquitoes, like the malaria parasite itself, have long found ways to adapt and survive. (ft.com)
  • New research published in Nature Communications shows it is possible for drug-resistant forms of the malaria parasite - currently confined to mosquitoes in Southeast Asia - to infect African mosquitoes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The researchers released 1,200 GM mosquitoes into a cage containing mice infected with malaria. (theecologist.org)
  • Although the GM mosquitoes were physically weaker, they lived longer and laid more eggs because they were free of the malaria parasite. (theecologist.org)
  • Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. (paho.org)
  • Malaria transmission rates can differ depending on local factors such as rainfall patterns (mosquitoes breed in wet conditions), the proximity of mosquito breeding sites to people, and types of mosquito species in the area. (paho.org)
  • Malaria Infected mosquitoes are more attracted to human odor than uninfected mosquitoes, speeding the transmission of malaria parasites. (healthline.com)
  • Unfortunately for humans, malaria-infected mosquitoes can't get enough of the scents we emit. (healthline.com)
  • It makes it so that the malaria-carrying mosquito Anopheles gambiae is better able to find blood meals, and so it facilitates the transmission of malaria from mosquitoes to humans and vice versa. (healthline.com)
  • The London study is the first to show olfactory changes in mosquitoes caused by P. falciparum , but malaria is known to affect mosquito behavior in more ways than one. (healthline.com)
  • Researchers pointed to previous studies showing that mosquitoes infected with malaria take in larger and more frequent portions of blood than do uninfected mosquitoes. (healthline.com)
  • 2004) Anopheles mosquitoes, malaria. (scirp.org)
  • The parasite and mutations, carried by mosquitoes, spread rapidly in the region for five years before the malaria outbreak became apparent, the researchers said. (upi.com)
  • Mosquitoes: The Long-term Effects of Malaria Eradication in India ," NBER Working Papers 13539, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)
  • Mosquitoes: The Long-TermEffects of Malaria Eradication in India ," Working Paper Series rwp07-051, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government. (repec.org)
  • As the earth becomes warmer and more humid, the mosquitoes that transfer malaria will start to invade all areas of the earth, not just the warm and tropical areas. (200diseases.com)
  • On the island of Zanzibar, off the coast of Mozambique, high-tech drones are being used to spray a silicone-based liquid gel (Aquatain) in endemic areas where malaria-carrying mosquitoes lay eggs, and where there are large concentrations of stagnant water. (who.int)
  • New chemicals on bed nets could beat resistance in malaria carrying mosquitoes. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • So, over the course of time, the mosquito population in the area will decline and with no mosquitoes there's no transmission of malaria. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • Transmission of Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria Parasites to Mosquitoes under Antimalarial Drug Pressure. (ox.ac.uk)
Eradication15
  • The updated PMI strategy (2015-2020) reaffirms support for the long-term goal of worldwide malaria eradication and aims to build on progress made in the last decade and address new challenges that could hamper further progress. (cdc.gov)
  • TOPICALS - MALARIA ERADICATION 1960-63 never hinged mint collection with sets, miniature sheets & sheetlets, incl. (sandafayre.com)
  • Dr Matthew Grigg, Menzies Research fellow and lead author of the study, said: "Malaysia's national malaria eradication plan is proving extremely effective in reducing case numbers of other types of malaria. (thestar.com.my)
  • The researchers say that to be effective, malaria eradication needs to target the liver stage as well as the blood stage of the parasite infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Our research has shown that one of the biggest problems in realizing malaria eradication is relapsing P. vivax infections, which are critical for sustained transmission in the region. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The report notes that communities plagued by malaria can choose to commit to a time-bound eradication goal with purpose, urgency, and dedication, instead of gradual efforts to reduce malaria, which comes with the constant threat of resurgence, and a steeping struggle against drug and insecticide resistance. (indiatimes.com)
  • For too long, malaria eradication has been a distant dream, but now we have evidence that malaria can and should be eradicated by 2050,' said Richard Feachem, Director of the Global Health Group at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) in the US. (indiatimes.com)
  • This is particularly true in Africa, where just five countries account for nearly half of the global burden,' said Winnie Mpanju-Shumbusho, Co-chair of The Lancet Commission on malaria eradication. (indiatimes.com)
  • To achieve eradication within the timeline, the Commission urges that specific and deliberate actions at country, regional and global levels must be taken - with three ways to accelerate the decline in malaria cases worldwide. (indiatimes.com)
  • First, the Commission suggests that the world must manage and implement current malaria control programmes better with improved use of existing tools - what it calls the 'software of eradication. (indiatimes.com)
  • The authors note that training programmes should emphasise practical leadership and management skills which they say would create a global network of malaria eradication professionals over time. (indiatimes.com)
  • This study considers the malaria-eradication campaigns in the United States (circa 1920), and in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico (circa 1955) in order to measure how much childhood exposure to malaria depresses labor productivity. (repec.org)
  • Its conclusion: no longer a sci-fi dream, malaria eradication is now possible in our lifetime. (vox.com)
  • To be sure, the approaches to malaria eradication it outlines are all scientifically and politically plausible. (vox.com)
  • This database showcases such innovations that have a difference towards malaria eradication globally for adaptation and scalling in the African region. (who.int)
President's Malaria Initiative4
  • The U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) external icon is a U.S. Government initiative designed to drastically reduce malaria deaths and illnesses in target countries in sub-Saharan Africa with a long-term vision of a world without malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • These regions include some of the focus countries of the President's Malaria Initiative, an effort that since 2005 has worked to fight malaria in the regions most affected by the disease. (nih.gov)
  • RTI with funding from the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative has worked closely with the Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme (ZAMEP) since 2006 to strengthen its malaria surveillance system, supporting the development of a case-based system known as Coconut Surveillance. (rti.org)
  • Going forward, representatives from the President's Malaria Initiative are slated to discuss how SBCC fits into their recently released 2015-2020 strategy at an upcoming call. (healthcommcapacity.org)
Parasites11
  • There are four different types of malaria caused by four related parasites. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infection by malaria-causing parasites results in approximately 240 million cases around the globe annually, and causes more than 850,000 deaths each year. (nih.gov)
  • The growth in the number of malaria parasites with pfgch1 mutations is concerning, because the mutations enhance resistance to SP and may encourage the evolution of new resistant strains. (eurekalert.org)
  • So, if the main thrust of an anti-malaria campaign is targeting the blood stage of the parasite, then it could be undermined by relapses caused by the parasites in the liver. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Mass drug administration that includes a drug that kills parasites in the liver is likely to be a highly effective strategy for eliminating malaria in PNG. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The IISc researchers point out that the country's malaria-control efforts are focused on eliminating malaria from humans without taking into account potential animal reservoirs of the parasites. (telegraphindia.com)
  • Previous studies looking for malaria parasites in monkeys - conducted between the 1960s and 1980s - had revealed only simian, or monkey-specific malaria parasites called P inui, P cynomolgi and P fragile in Indian macaque populations. (telegraphindia.com)
  • Genetic studies have suggested that African apes living in the wild are infected with malaria parasites similar to those that infect humans. (telegraphindia.com)
  • 2022) The transcriptional regulator HDP1 controls expansion of the inner membrane complex during early sexual differentiation of malaria parasites. (news-medical.net)
  • A better understanding of these chimp parasites might lead to improved treatments for malaria or even development of a vaccine, Wolfe said, noting early smallpox vaccines were developed from the related cowpox. (nbcnews.com)
  • Malaria-causing parasites use a new metabolic pathway that helps them to survive inside human blood cells, say scientists. (medindia.net)
Vivax malaria3
  • Be that as it may, we find that the white patients inoculated with vivax malaria show great variation in the character and duration of the subsequent infection they experience. (ajtmh.org)
  • The researchers are planning to work - with other groups - on developing biomarkers for P. vivax malaria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Malaria transmission is endemic in all lowland areas of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and high morbidity caused by both falciparum and vivax malaria presents a major burden to the population and the local health services [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccine17
  • The following pages present country-specific information on yellow fever (YF) vaccine require-ments and recommendations ( Table 2-06 ) and malaria transmission information and prophy-laxis recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • Country-specific maps of malaria transmission areas, country-specific maps depicting yellow fever vaccine recommen-dations, and a reference map of China are included to aid in interpreting the information. (cdc.gov)
  • Spain has approved an experimental malaria vaccine for trials in people, just months after Britain's Medical Research Council rejected it. (newscientist.com)
  • At present, no widely approved vaccine exists for malaria, which causes disease in about 130 million people and kills 2 million a year. (newscientist.com)
  • Given the safety of the vaccine and the severity of malaria in The Gambia, they say: 'It would be unethical to withhold testing of a new product that has been shown to be potentially beneficial, even if it has not been fully biochemically characterised according to traditional criteria. (newscientist.com)
  • David Evered of the MRC says finding an effective vaccine against malaria is a high priority for the MRC. (newscientist.com)
  • Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine adminis. (scoop.it)
  • Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine administered according to different full, fractional, and delayed third or early fourth dose regimens in children aged 5-17 months in Ghana and Kenya: an ope. (scoop.it)
  • And research is already under way to develop a vaccine to prevent the spread of this strain of malaria. (healthline.com)
  • Fighting against Malaria: Prevent wars while waiting for the 'miraculous' vaccine ," Economics Working Papers 766, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jan 2006. (repec.org)
  • The vaccine scheduler table summarizes the current vaccination schedule for young children, adolescents, and adults for Malaria. (who.int)
  • RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) is the first and, to date, the only vaccine to show that it can significantly reduce malaria, and life-threatening severe malaria, in young African children. (bvsalud.org)
  • Harvard Chan School's Dyann Wirth offers some thoughts on a new malaria vaccine and its potential impact. (harvard.edu)
  • In this episode of POFA, we discuss the a groundbreaking malaria vaccine and its potential effects on the developing world with Nobel Laureate Dr. Peter Agre. (hopkinspofa.com)
  • But on October 6, the W.H.O. approved the first ever malaria vaccine. (hopkinspofa.com)
  • Malaria Vaccine Initiative and Global Fund were also visited to source for information. (bvsalud.org)
  • Malawi will begin broad use of RTS,S, Africa's first malaria vaccine for children under age five. (path.org)
Prevention28
  • however, because malaria prevention recommendations and the availability of antimalarial drugs vary, travelers from other countries should consult health care providers in their respective countries. (cdc.gov)
  • It also provides additional information including the species of malaria that occur there, the presence of drug resistance, and the specific medicines that CDC recommends for use for malaria prevention in each country where malaria transmission occurs on CDC's Malaria maps. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention of malaria involves a balance between ensuring that all people who will be at risk of infection use the appropriate prevention measures, while preventing adverse effects of those interventions among people using them unnecessarily. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on the risk assessment, specific malaria prevention interventions should be used by the traveler. (cdc.gov)
  • If malaria prevention medicines will be needed for the traveler, the Malaria Information by Country Table lists the CDC-recommended options. (cdc.gov)
  • The Drugs for Malaria Prevention table provides prescription dosing information for both adults and children. (cdc.gov)
  • The initiative was announced on June 30, 2005, when President Bush pledged to increase U.S. funding of malaria prevention and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa by more than $1.2 billion over 5 years (FY2006-FY2010). (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria surveillance is conducted to identify episodes of local transmission and to guide prevention recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria prevention guidelines were updated and disseminated to health-care providers. (cdc.gov)
  • Recommendations concerning prevention and treatment of malaria can be obtained from CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • decrease the mortality and morbidity of malaria in pregnant women and children in rural villages of Northern Myanmar by prevention education and the distribution of 1,000 custom designed insecticide treated bed nets, and 2. (onedayswages.org)
  • Particular care should be given to ensure an effective malaria prevention strategy for these travelers. (cdc.gov)
  • Tablet gamers who play "Best Fiends," released earlier this month by several of the minds behind "Angry Birds," are rewarded with in-game currency if they visit a Malaria No More campaign page to learn about malaria prevention. (northwestern.edu)
  • Colin Sutherland, an author and co-Director of the LSHTM Malaria Centre, says, "SP is an established drug for malaria prevention and treatment in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children. (eurekalert.org)
  • We are proud to support national malaria control programs on their journeys to achieving zero malaria by strengthening approaches to prevention, patient case management, vector control, surveillance, and community-level engagement. (rti.org)
  • Since 2017, RTI through the USAID StopPalu+ project in Guinea has improved community involvement in malaria prevention & control by training more than 1,000 religious leaders in 19 districts to disseminate information. (rti.org)
  • Learn more about our work in malaria prevention, control, and elimination. (rti.org)
  • According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each year more than a million people, mostly children, die of malaria worldwide. (nbcnews.com)
  • Although progress has been made in reducing the global burden of malaria, the disease remains endemic in many regions, and the use of appropriate prevention measures by travelers is still inadequate. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • VFRs continue to be a difficult population to reach with effective malaria prevention strategies. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Evidence-based prevention strategies that effectively target VFRs need to be developed and implemented to have a substantial impact on the numbers of imported malaria cases in the United States. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on malaria . (upi.com)
  • According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, there were 8638 confirmed cases of malaria in the European Union/European Economic Area in 2019. (medscape.com)
  • Waginingen-based startup In2Care has received a grant of 10.3 million dollar (9,3 million euro) from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to further develop a new 'Eave Tubes' malaria-prevention method, developed in collaboration with researchers in Africa. (cafayate.net)
  • The 'Eave Tubes' malaria-prevention method involves limiting the amount of mosquito's accessing homes by installing so-callled 'eave tubes. (cafayate.net)
  • There is need for regular health education campaigns emphasizing on malaria prevention, signs and symptoms and benefits of seeking medical care immediately for sick children. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • In an era where malaria persists - despite mass distribution of preventive commodities like long lasting insecticide-treated nets, rapid tests and effective treatment - it has become increasingly clear that social and behavior change communication (SBCC) cannot be an ad hoc component of malaria prevention and control. (healthcommcapacity.org)
  • Malaria control and prevention should be strengthened in hotspot districts in the appropriate months to improve program effectiveness . (bvsalud.org)
Africa19
  • Travelers to sub-Saharan Africa have the greatest risk of both getting malaria and dying from their infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Passage of the Lantos-Hyde Act in 2008 authorized an expanded U.S. Government malaria program for FY2009-FY2013 and PMI developed a USG Malaria Strategy (2009-2014) to achieve Africa-wide impact by halving the burden of malaria in 70 percent of at-risk populations in sub-Saharan Africa, or approximately 450 million people. (cdc.gov)
  • The number of reported malaria cases that had been acquired in Africa by U.S. civilians decreased 38%, primarily because the number of P. falciparum cases declined. (cdc.gov)
  • Every year, Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 90% of the world's new malaria cases and 92% of malaria-related deaths. (who.int)
  • Estimated deaths from malaria globally declined to 619,000 last year from 625,000 in 2020 as healthcare services stabilized after pandemic-led disruptions, especially in Africa where the disease is most prevalent, the WHO stated in its World Malaria Report 2022. (medscape.com)
  • The seven-year awards will establish the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMRs) in regions where malaria is endemic, including parts of Africa, Asia, the Pacific Islands and Latin America. (nih.gov)
  • The other half received quinine, the standard treatment for malaria in Africa and throughout many parts of Asia. (voanews.com)
  • Malaria causes about 435,000 deaths each year, primarily in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. (eurekalert.org)
  • Meanwhile, Medical News Today recently learned that Africa is at higher risk of drug-resistant malaria than previously thought. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Malaria is one of the world's most common infectious diseases, responsible for over 400,000 deaths per year, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. (scienceblog.com)
  • The region only accounts for 3% of malaria cases, reports Maxmen, but if the resistant disease makes it to Africa deaths could dramatically increase. (axios.com)
  • Their analyses indicate that socioeconomic and environmental trends, together with improved coverage of current malaria interventions, will 'lead to low levels of malaria that persist in pockets across roughly ten countries in equatorial Africa in 2050. (indiatimes.com)
  • While global malaria incidence and death rates declined by 36 and 60 per cent respectively since the year 2000, the advancements are threatened by recent plateaus in global funding, together with a rise of malaria cases in 55 countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America, says the report. (indiatimes.com)
  • In 2020 an estimated 241 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 627,000 people died, mostly children in sub-Saharan Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • The vast majority of cases in the United States are in travelers and immigrants returning from countries where malaria transmission occurs, many from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • It acts against P. falciparum , the most deadly malaria parasite globally and the most prevalent in Africa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Malaria remains one of the world's leading killer diseases with most of these deaths being in Africa. (who.int)
  • Africa has long been plagued by malaria - each year, the disease kills nearly 300,000 African children under 5 years old. (hopkinspofa.com)
  • The Regulation of Inherently Autoreactive VH4-34-Expressing B Cells in Individuals Living in a Malaria-Endemic Area of West Africa. (utexas.edu)
Causes malaria3
  • The infection that causes malaria is transmitted exclusively by mosquitos in the genus Anopheles . (medscape.com)
  • In the ongoing arms race between humans and the parasite that causes malaria, Taane Clark and colleagues at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) report that new mutations that enhance resistance to a drug used to prevent malaria in pregnant women and children are already common in countries fighting the disease. (eurekalert.org)
  • The pharmaceutical giant last week opened to the public the designs behind 13,500 chemical compounds that it said may be capable of inhibiting the parasite that causes malaria. (wsj.com)
20223
  • The plan seeks to intensify surveillance and improve diagnostic services and treatment to raise the number of districts that have already achieved "zero local transmission" of malaria from 75 in 2017 to 571 by 2022. (telegraphindia.com)
  • This year (2022), the Malaria Champions (MC) Committee has reviewed the initiative to better respond to current and future challenges. (paho.org)
  • The Global Fund Strategy (2017-2022): Investing to End Epidemics outlines our partnership's bold agenda for 2017-2022 and is guided by the vision of a world free of the burden of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria with better health for all. (theglobalfund.org)
Programme7
  • The MAL programme seeks to reduce morbidity and mortality due to malaria while simultaneously maintaining malaria free areas and expanding the number of areas where malaria is controlled. (who.int)
  • The programme also provides technical support to accelerate and scale up cost-effective interventions such as indoor residual spraying, malaria treatment in pregnancy/intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, case management, and epidemic preparedness and response. (who.int)
  • In fact, 2020 globally has been a record year where through all channels, nearly 300 million nets were distributed, despite all the significant challenges countries were facing," said Dr Abdisalan Noor from the WHO's Global Malaria Programme during a briefing with journalists. (medscape.com)
  • We don't know yet whether falciparum can multiply in macaques - but if that happens, it could have implications on the malaria-control programme," said Jyotsana Dixit, a scientist at the IISc CES and lead author of the study. (telegraphindia.com)
  • For the first time, we can confidently say that we have stopped making progress,' Pedro Alonso, the director of the Global Malaria Programme at the World Health Organization tells Amy Maxmen at Nature . (axios.com)
  • The Commission also anticipates a revolution in the collection, analysis, and use of data about malaria cases in the next decade with profound effects on programme management and effectiveness. (indiatimes.com)
  • The National Malaria Control Programme started recommending the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) in 1989, but net distributions remained few and far between and no quick scaling-up of ITNs was envisaged [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Humans3
  • Scientists at John Hopkins University in Maryland have created a GM mosquito which is resistant to the malaria parasite, meaning that it cannot be carried and transferred to humans via a bite. (theecologist.org)
  • We now know that malaria, while at least thousands of years old, did not originate in humans but rather was introduced into our species, presumably by the bite of a mosquito that had previously fed on a chimpanzee. (nbcnews.com)
  • The researchers said the shift of the malaria parasite to humans could have taken place as long as 2 million to 3 million years ago, or as recently as 10,000 years ago. (nbcnews.com)
Deaths15
  • To reduce malaria deaths and illness in each target country, PMI helps national governments deliver proven, effective interventions to those at risk for malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • Seven deaths were attributed to malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • Reuters) - Malaria-related deaths fell slightly in 2021 after a significant increase in the first year of COVID-19, but remained higher than the pre-pandemic estimated toll, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) report on Thursday. (medscape.com)
  • Four countries - Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Niger and Tanzania - accounted for just over half of all malaria deaths globally in 2021. (medscape.com)
  • The decline in deaths comes even as the number of malaria infections continued to rise, albeit at a slower pace, to an estimated 247 million in 2021. (medscape.com)
  • As an FT special report on malaria shows, despite substantial progress in tackling the parasite, much still needs to be done to tackle the remaining 400,000 deaths each year. (ft.com)
  • Despite this progress, however, there were approximately 207 million malaria cases and 627,000 deaths in 2012, and close to 100 countries have ongoing malaria transmission. (kff.org)
  • 1 As such, it is unclear whether global malaria control targets set out by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership, including reducing malaria cases by 75% and malaria deaths to near zero by the end of 2015, will be reached. (kff.org)
  • The health ministry's surveillance network has also said malaria deaths in the country have dropped from about 1,000 in 2001 to less than 300 in 2015. (telegraphindia.com)
  • In the Americas, 765,000 cases of malaria and around 340 deaths were reported in 2018. (paho.org)
  • In 2017 there were 219 million cases of malaria globally, causing nearly 435,000 deaths, mostly among African children. (paho.org)
  • They add that malaria continues to trap countries in cycles of inequity, with 85 per cent of global deaths reported in 2017 coming from 29 nations. (indiatimes.com)
  • According to the study, there are 200 million human cases and more than 770,000 deaths worldwide each year related to malaria. (healthline.com)
  • The U.S. government's goal under the PMI Strategy 2021-2026 is to work with PMI-supported countries and partners to further reduce malaria deaths and substantially decrease malaria morbidity, toward the long-term goal of elimination. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria deaths were reduced by more than 99% in the same period of time. (bvsalud.org)
Prevent malaria6
  • Often this includes avoiding mosquito bites through the use of repellents or insecticide treated bed nets, and specific medicines to prevent malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • The interventions used to prevent malaria can be very effective when used properly, but none of them are 100% effective. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, their growth may threaten efforts to use SP to prevent malaria in vulnerable groups. (eurekalert.org)
  • Although more patients reported taking chemoprophylaxis to prevent malaria, the majority reported not taking it, and adherence was poor among those who did take chemoprophylaxis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • To prevent malaria from infecting the ears, eyes, or causing diarrhea, put Pure Silver Concentrate on your hands, mouth, and nose. (200diseases.com)
  • In the lead up to World Malaria Day, HC3 will host a webinar that will describe different kinds of household questionnaires and data analysis that enable governments, communities and partnering organizations to make informed, context-specific decisions to control and prevent malaria. (healthcommcapacity.org)
Eliminate Malaria2
  • The Union health ministry had last year announced a plan to eliminate malaria from across the country by 2027. (telegraphindia.com)
  • Attempts were made in the 1960s and 1970s to eliminate malaria from PNG territory with a mix of indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), mass drug administration and environmental measures [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Acquired malaria cases1
  • State and/or local health departments and CDC thoroughly investigate all locally acquired malaria cases, and CDC conducts an analysis of all imported cases to detect trends in acquisition. (cdc.gov)
Interrupting malaria transmission1
  • During the late 1940s, a combination of improved socioeconomic conditions, water management, vector-control efforts, and case management was successful at interrupting malaria transmission in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Elimination13
  • Between 2000 and 2012, global malaria incidence rates are estimated to have decreased by 25% and mortality rates by 42%, and more than 30 countries are actively pursuing malaria elimination. (kff.org)
  • The Global Malaria Action Plan (GMAP), released by Roll Back Malaria in 2008 as a framework to guide malaria control efforts through 2015, estimated that funding would need to reach an average of US$5.1 billion annually between 2011 and 2020 in order to reach malaria control and elimination targets. (kff.org)
  • This report provides an analysis of malaria funding trends for control and elimination and R&D activities over time compared to the estimated need presented in the GMAP. (kff.org)
  • To say that malaria elimination is close to home for Varunika Ruwanpura is an understatement. (abc.net.au)
  • Since the year 2000, 11 countries have achieved malaria elimination, and despite challenges posed by COVID-19, elimination is within reach for 25 more countries and territories by 2025. (rti.org)
  • Through Inform Asia: USAID's Health Research Program, RTI supports the final mile to elimination by strengthening malaria surveillance systems, evaluating strategies and tools for scale-up of interventions and improving the ability of national malaria programs to generate, analyze, and use strategic data for decision-making. (rti.org)
  • Having a strong malaria surveillance system in place is central to a countries' ability to sustain progress and ultimately achieve elimination. (rti.org)
  • In 2016, PAHO/WHO Member States approved the resolution CD55.R7 , Plan of Action for Malaria Elimination 2016-2020, through which they are committed to continue reducing malaria cases over the next four years. (paho.org)
  • PAHO/WHO works with the governments, nonprofit organizations, initiatives and networks that support efforts in the Americas for the control and elimination of malaria: Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Malaria Champions of the Americas. (paho.org)
  • And so even though this will be a long and tedious project, it's important to have new drugs being developed in the pipeline and play our part in contributing to the global malaria elimination campaign. (scienceblog.com)
  • Groups from across the Myanmar political spectrum met with US and international bodies to discuss tangible steps toward the elimination of malaria in the region. (thelancet.com)
  • These strategy documents describe why and how malaria elimination efforts will take place over the next 15 years. (healthcommcapacity.org)
  • At the country level, HC3 is working in Nigeria to build the capacity of the country's national malaria elimination program's advocacy, communication and social mobilization branch, and providing state-of-the-art SBCC programming at the community level in five states. (healthcommcapacity.org)
Endemic areas4
  • One of our primary goals with these centers is to fund cutting-edge research in malaria-endemic areas that will keep up with the rapidly changing epidemiology of the disease," says NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. (nih.gov)
  • Develop and conduct training and career development programs for researchers from malaria-endemic areas. (nih.gov)
  • Maintain a high index of suspicion for malaria in any patient exhibiting any malarial symptoms and having a history of travel to endemic areas. (medscape.com)
  • BackgroundThere are over 200 million reported cases of malaria each year, and most children living in endemic areas will experience multiple episodes of clinical disease before puberty. (ox.ac.uk)
Falciparum Malaria2
  • Severe malaria primarily involves P falciparum infection, although death due to splenic rupture has been reported in patients with non- P falciparum malaria. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with non- P falciparum malaria who are well can usually be treated on an outpatient basis. (medscape.com)
Anopheles3
  • For the risk-averse traveler, remember that even in low risk situations, it only takes one bite from an infective female Anopheles mosquito to transmit malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • Only the Anopheles genus of the mosquito can transmit Malaria. (paho.org)
  • For example, high vitellogenin levels weaken the immune system of the African malarial mosquito ( Anopheles gambiae ), thereby making it more likely to contract and pass on malaria. (thenextweb.com)
Infection11
  • However, all travelers to countries where malaria is present may be at risk for infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The emergency physician practicing in what are typically considered nonendemic countries, such as the United States, should have a high index of suspicion for malaria and other infectious zoonotic diseases, including other hemorrhagic fevers (eg, dengue or, less commonly, Ebola virus infection ), in patients who present with a history of fever and travel or immigration from an endemic region. (medscape.com)
  • For some areas with limited malaria transmission, where malaria cases occur sporadically and risk of infection to travelers is assessed as being very low, it is recommended that travelers use mosquito avoidance measures only, and no chemoprophylaxis should be prescribed. (cdc.gov)
  • Certain travelers have been shown to have greater risk of malaria infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria infection in pregnant women can be more severe than in nonpregnant women. (cdc.gov)
  • Relapse has a specific meaning in regards to malaria and refers to the reactivation of the infection via hypnozoites. (tulane.edu)
  • Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), for example, was once a first-line anti-malaria treatment, but now primarily is used to prevent infection in pregnant women and children. (eurekalert.org)
  • They were randomly assigned to receive malaria drugs that either targeted the liver and blood stage of infection or only the blood stage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The results showed that the children who received drugs that targeted the liver and blood stages of malaria infection had 80% fewer infections than those treated with drugs that only targeted the blood stage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Patients with malaria typically become symptomatic a few weeks after infection, although the host's previous exposure or immunity to malaria affects the symptomatology and incubation period. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with malaria typically become symptomatic a few weeks after infection, though the symptomatology and incubation period may vary, depending on host factors and the causative species. (medscape.com)
Burden of malaria2
  • Despite these improvements, the AFRO region still experiences the highest burden of malaria globally. (who.int)
  • In a small clinic in New Abirim in southern Ghana, doctors we met were worried about two issues: a surge in chronic diseases and the continued burden of malaria. (ft.com)
Areas where malaria1
  • Large and devastating epidemics can occur when the mosquito-borne parasite is introduced into areas where people have had little prior contact with the infecting parasite and have little or no immunity to malaria, or when people with low immunity move into areas where malaria cases are constant. (paho.org)
Multidrug resistant malaria3
  • There is a pressing need for novel therapeutic options to treat multidrug resistant malaria," Chakrabarti says. (scienceblog.com)
  • SATURDAY, Feb. 3, 2018 -- An outbreak of multidrug-resistant malaria in southeast Asia likely stems from two mutations of the malaria-causing parasite that combined a decade ago, according to new research. (upi.com)
  • Favored resistance transmission under ACT coverage could have profound implications for the spread of multidrug-resistant malaria beyond Southeast Asia. (ox.ac.uk)
Treatment of severe malaria4
  • The Committee for Medical Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion for artesunate (Artesunate Amivas) for the initial treatment of severe malaria in adults and children during a meeting this week. (medscape.com)
  • At that time, IV artesunate, the WHO-recommended first-line treatment for severe malaria, will become the first-line drug for treatment of severe malaria in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • During this COCA Call, clinicians will learn about CDC's guidance for use of IV artesunate for the treatment of severe malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • Describe treatment of severe malaria, including interim treatment, and use of IV artesunate. (cdc.gov)
India6
  • 2 ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India. (nih.gov)
  • malaria-free India. (nih.gov)
  • Some of the earliest known medical writings from China, Assyria, and India accurately describe the malaria-like intermittent fevers. (tulane.edu)
  • is one of the major vectors of urban malaria in India and some parts of Asia. (eurekalert.org)
  • Falciparum is a human malaria parasite that had not been seen in monkeys in India before. (telegraphindia.com)
  • This is unexpected because falciparum is a human malaria parasite which had not been seen in monkeys in India before," said Praveen Karanth a professor at the IISC Centre for Ecological Sciences. (telegraphindia.com)
20211
  • Cite this: EMA Endorses Injectable Malaria Drug Artesunate - Medscape - Sep 17, 2021. (medscape.com)
Incidence4
  • [ 4 ] there is an anticipation that global warming will increase the incidence of malaria worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Since the establishment of global malaria incidence and mortality reduction targets in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, significant progress has been made in addressing the global malaria epidemic. (kff.org)
  • She said public awareness, the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and coordination with neighboring provinces on fogging operations were among the factors that led to zero malaria incidence in the province. (philstar.com)
  • A negative binomial regression was used to find correlations between climatic factors and sociodemographic characteristics and the incidence of malaria . (bvsalud.org)
Human malaria2
  • Identifying the key kinases and phosphatases in the parasite life cycle will define the targets for drug development to treat human malaria and prevent its transmission in communities by the mosquito. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The research gathered here using the mouse malaria parasite can be directly related to the human malaria parasite, as many of the genes share a very similar homology and symptoms of the diseases are very similar. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Reduce malaria2
  • Reduce malaria mortality by one-third from 2015 levels in PMI-supported countries, achieving a greater than 80% reduction from PMI's original 2000 baseline levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Reduce malaria morbidity in PMI-supported countries by 40% from 2015 levels. (cdc.gov)
Transmission12
  • Obtain a detailed itinerary including all possible destinations that may be encountered during the trip and check to see if malaria transmission occurs in these locations. (cdc.gov)
  • The Malaria Information by Country Table provides detailed information about the specific parts of countries where malaria transmission does or does not occur. (cdc.gov)
  • Most malaria cases in the United States occur among persons who have traveled to areas that have ongoing transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Through 1992, almost all cases of malaria in the United States were imported from regions of the world where malaria transmission was known to occur. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria transmission is not distributed homogeneously throughout all countries. (cdc.gov)
  • Some destinations have malaria transmission occurring throughout the whole country, while in others it occurs in defined pockets. (cdc.gov)
  • In some countries with significant seasonal shifts in temperature or rainfall, malaria transmission intensity may decrease during the colder or drier months of the year. (cdc.gov)
  • For these reasons and because no chemoprophylactic regimen is completely effective, women who are pregnant or likely to become pregnant should be advised to avoid travel to areas with malaria transmission if possible. (cdc.gov)
  • The majority of malaria infections in the United States occur among persons who have traveled to regions with ongoing malaria transmission. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • However, malaria is also occasionally acquired by persons who have not traveled out of the country, through exposure to infected blood products, congenital transmission, laboratory exposure, or local mosquitoborne transmission. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Martens, P. and Hall, L. (2000) Malaria on the move: Human population movement and its impact on malaria transmission. (scirp.org)
  • HC3's Grace Awantang will discuss the results of a Madagascar survey exploring how cognitive, emotional and social factors affect behavior in different zones of malaria transmission. (healthcommcapacity.org)
Disease27
  • Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Malaria is the most deadly vector-borne human disease in the world. (medscape.com)
  • Malaria has been eliminated from many parts of the globe, but 40 percent of the world's population still live in areas where they are at risk for contracting the disease. (nih.gov)
  • There is continuing research on this emerging disease," said Dr William, the principal investigator of an international study on monkey malaria and co-author of the report that was recently published in The Lancet Planetary Health . (thestar.com.my)
  • Malaria is going to be the first disease beaten by mobile phones," he said. (northwestern.edu)
  • Malaria has always thrived on misinformation," Edlund said, citing that even the name is based on an outdated notion the disease was spread through bad (mal) air (aria). (northwestern.edu)
  • Despite a long-term global response, efforts to control the disease are hampered by the rise of drug-resistant strains of the parasite species that cause malaria. (eurekalert.org)
  • A genetically modified mosquito is being hailed as the route to tackling malaria, a disease which kills more than one million people every year. (theecologist.org)
  • Travelers from malaria-free areas to disease "hot spots" are especially vulnerable to the disease. (paho.org)
  • Malaria takes an economic toll - cutting economic growth rates by as much as 1.3% in countries with high disease rates. (paho.org)
  • This plan also seeks to prevent the reestablishment of the disease in 27 countries and territories of the Region that have been considered malaria-free since early 1970s. (paho.org)
  • Debopam Chakrabarti, an infectious disease specialist at UCF, recently received a $3.8 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to use fungus-derived compounds to develop better treatments for malaria. (scienceblog.com)
  • Malaria is becoming increasingly difficult to treat because the disease is mutating and becoming drug resistant. (scienceblog.com)
  • Reports Maxmen, 'A review of 75 malaria resurgences between 1930 and 2011 found that most upticks in the disease followed funding disruptions. (axios.com)
  • Scientists say they may have tracked down the origins of the deadly disease malaria - chimpanzees. (nbcnews.com)
  • Malaria has been a human disease as long as history," Wolfe, of Stanford University and the Global Viral Forecasting Initiative, said in a telephone interview. (nbcnews.com)
  • The study found that more than half of the world's countries are malaria-free today, encouraging discussions about completely eradicating the disease. (indiatimes.com)
  • And lastly, the authors say that malaria endemic countries and donors must provide more funds for ultimately eradicating the disease. (indiatimes.com)
  • Proper use of malaria chemoprophylaxis will prevent the majority of malaria illness and reduce the risk for severe disease (http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/drugs.html). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • On one hand, malaria remains treatable and its prevalence has been reduced to low enough levels to aim to eliminate the disease in Cambodia and neighboring countries. (upi.com)
  • Malaria is a deadly mosquito-borne disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people each year - mostly children and pregnant women. (vox.com)
  • Malaria is a key focus for Bill and Melinda Gates, and they've spent years making the case that the disease can be eradicated. (vox.com)
  • And at least anecdotally, lots of people are moved to contribute to an effort to end malaria in a way that they wouldn't be if the mission was framed as an effort to stem this year's losses from the disease. (vox.com)
  • Even in the United States, where malaria was eliminated 70 years ago, the disease continues to threaten the health of U.S. travelers, U.S. military personnel, and U.S. citizens living abroad. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria is probably the world's most significant disease. (200diseases.com)
  • Malaria is a serious disease that affects 200 million people every year and is found in tropical areas of the world. (medlineplus.gov)
20171
  • In 2017, the number of cases of malaria among U.S. citizens rose to 2,161, the highest number in 45 years, and almost all cases were among travelers. (cdc.gov)
20003
  • [ 1 ] Although typically an illness of tropical regions of the world, more than 2000 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States each year, with nearly all originating from outside the country. (medscape.com)
  • Thailand and Lao PDR are part of the Greater Mekong subregion, which has achieved significant progress in combatting malaria, with cases declining by 97% between 2000 and 2020. (rti.org)
  • In the 6 countries of the subregion, the reported number of malaria cases fell by 97% between 2000 and 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Million cases of malaria1
  • There are still more than 200 million cases of malaria reported annually around the world, claiming nearly 50,000 lives, according to the authors. (indiatimes.com)
Severe18
  • This occurs in some cases of malaria and results from severe red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis. (medscape.com)
  • For the first time, new research shows that a drug derived from an ancient Chinese herb prevents death in severe cases of malaria. (voanews.com)
  • Experts say, left untreated, death is certain in severe cases of malaria. (voanews.com)
  • The European Medicines Agency's human medicines committee has recommended approval for an intravenous treatment for severe malaria . (medscape.com)
  • Common symptoms are fever, chills, and nausea, but if left untreated malaria can lead to serious complications like kidney failure, severe anemia , and seizures. (medscape.com)
  • To receive continuing education (CE) for WC2922-032819 - (Webcast) Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) Calls/Webinars - COCA Call- Guidance for Using Intravenous Artesunate for Treating Severe Malaria in the United States, March 28, 2019, please visit TCEO and follow these 9 Simple Steps by April 29, 2019 . (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, an average of 1,700 cases of malaria are imported each year, of which 300 are severe. (cdc.gov)
  • Severe malaria must be treated with an intravenous (IV) antimalarial drug. (cdc.gov)
  • Starting on April 1, 2019, all U.S. clinicians must call CDC to obtain IV artesunate to treat cases of severe malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • Identify the criteria for severe malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • severe malaria is a rare life threatening illness. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • On reviewing 61 malaria death investigation forms submitted to the provincial office in 2014, 22(36%) were children below ten years who succumbed to severe malaria. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • This study was conducted to determine factors associated with severe malaria so as to come up with evidence based interventions to prevent severe malaria and associated mortality. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • A case was defined as a child 10 years and below, who was admitted at Hauna (Mutasa) or Nyanga District Hospitals between September 2014 and May 2015 with a primary diagnosis of severe malaria. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Owning at least one ITN in the household [aOR=0.32, 95% CI=0.11, 0.95] and having a mother as a caregiver [aOR=0.23, 95% CI=0.09, 0.76] were independently protective of severe malaria. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Being undernourished [Odds Ratio (OR)=10.13, 95% CI=1.04, 98.49] and being female [OR=0.27, 95% CI=0.08, 0.96] were associated with mortality owing to severe malaria. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • factors associated with severe malaria and mortality owing to severe malaria identified in this study are consistent with other studies. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Caregiver healthcare seeking behaviours, patient related factors and health system related factors are important determinants of severe malaria among children. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
Insecticide treated4
  • Currently, 31% of pregnant women are receiving preventative treatment for malaria and 53% of at-risk people are sleeping under insecticide-treated nets. (who.int)
  • Among preventive measures, the use of insecticide treated nets at home and indoor residual spraying of insecticides are recommended for malaria. (paho.org)
  • But much of the developed world has now eradicated malaria, and through treatments, insecticide-treated bednets, and efforts to develop vaccines, its toll in the developing world has been reduced, too. (vox.com)
  • Insecticide-treated bednets are the most important tool in the fight against malaria, with chemicals called pyrethroids being the main pesticide used to treat them. (thenakedscientists.com)
Travelers6
  • About 2,000 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States annually, mostly in returned travelers. (cdc.gov)
  • Travelers who become ill with a fever or flu-like illness either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after returning home (for up to 1 year) should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the physician their travel history. (cdc.gov)
  • Travelers who are assessed at being at high risk of developing malaria while traveling should consider carrying a full treatment course of malaria medicines with them. (cdc.gov)
  • Providing this reliable supply of medicine (formerly referred to as standby or emergency self-treatment) will ensure that travelers have immediate access to an appropriate and high quality medicine if they are diagnosed with malaria while abroad. (cdc.gov)
  • The risk for a traveler contracting malaria differs substantially from region to region and from traveler to traveler, even within a single country, based upon travelers' behaviors and circumstances. (cdc.gov)
  • Ironically, VFR travelers often consider themselves to be at no risk because they grew up in a malaria-endemic country and consider themselves to be immune. (cdc.gov)
Morbidity2
  • Failure to consider malaria in the differential diagnoses of a febrile illness following such travel, even if seemingly temporally remote, and even when antimalarial prophylaxis medications have been reportedly taken as directed, can result in significant morbidity or mortality, especially in children and pregnant or immunocompromised patients. (medscape.com)
  • Malaria has been and still is the cause of much human morbidity and mortality. (tulane.edu)
Risk for malaria1
  • In addition, approximately half the world's population remains at risk for malaria. (kff.org)
Symptoms of malaria1
  • If symptoms of malaria occur, the traveler should seek immediate medical attention. (cdc.gov)
Fight against malaria2
  • But Bill Gates has taken a more pessimistic tone in his recent public statements about the future of the fight against malaria. (vox.com)
  • While tremendous progress in the fight against malaria has been made, an estimated 3.2 billion people-almost half the world's population across 91 countries or territories-are still at risk of malaria. (cdc.gov)
Antimalarial3
  • When traveling to a country with malaria you must take antimalarial medication," Logan said. (healthline.com)
  • Malaria infections can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly with antimalarial medications appropriate for the patient's age and medical history, the likely country of malaria acquisition, and previous use of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) generates innovative resources and reliable evidence to inform the malaria community on the factors affecting the efficacy of antimalarial medicines. (malaria.com)
Centers3
  • In an effort to accelerate the control of malaria and help eliminate it worldwide, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, today announced approximately $14 million in first-year funding to establish 10 new malaria research centers around the world. (nih.gov)
  • The ICEMR program seeks to address this need by creating a network of multidisciplinary research centers in malaria-endemic settings," Dr. Hall says. (nih.gov)
  • Overall, these centers are expected to bring critical infrastructure to these endemic regions and help build training and research capacity to combat malaria worldwide. (nih.gov)
Infections5
  • Yet the wider use of diagnostics (which still need improvement) has shown many infections previously thought to be malaria are in fact other conditions for which basic antibiotics and other simple treatments are not available locally. (ft.com)
  • Using mathematical models, the researchers also showed that anti-malaria programs are unlikely to eradicate malaria if they cannot identify and treat children with dormant liver infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These could help develop new tools to identify and treat people with chronic malaria infections, which they believe will be critical for reaching the goal of eradicating malaria in PNG and the Asia-Pacific. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This incomplete reporting compromises efforts to examine trends in malaria cases and prevent infections. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The Strategy's primary goal is to end AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, with a particular focus on making catalytic investments and leveraging innovations to spur faster progress in reducing new infections, addressing structural barriers to improved HIV, tuberculosis and malaria outcomes and building equity, sustainability and lasting impact. (theglobalfund.org)
Cases14
  • Description of System: Malaria cases were identified at the local level (i.e., by health-care providers or through laboratory-based surveillance). (cdc.gov)
  • Results: CDC received reports of 910 cases of malaria that had onset of symptoms during 1992 among persons in the United States and its territories. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria cases have declined from an estimated 2 million in 2001 to 1.13 million in 2015. (telegraphindia.com)
  • There were 5 million more malaria cases in 2016 compared to the previous year, according to the World Health Organization. (axios.com)
  • Ongoing humanitarian crises in countries like Sudan and Yemen make targeting malaria in those places more difficult, though the WHO reports apparent reductions in cases in some of those countries. (axios.com)
  • It's concerning that we're seeing more malaria cases, in part because resistance to some drugs is rapidly spreading in malaria in Southeast Asia. (axios.com)
  • Malaria cases diagnosed by blood film, polymerase chain reaction, or rapid diagnostic tests are mandated to be reported to local and state health departments by health-care providers or laboratory staff. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • CDC received 1,687 reported cases of malaria with an onset of symptoms in 2012 among persons in the United States, including 1,683 cases classified as imported, one laboratory-acquired case, one nosocomial case, and two cryptic cases. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Despite the 12% decline in the number of cases reported in 2012 compared with 2011, the overall trend in malaria cases has been increasing since 1973. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • While it would be catastrophic if resistance developed in the same way for the last remaining anti-malarial drugs, it is now possible to conduct genetic surveillance of malaria cases, allowing researchers to respond as soon as possible to changes in the parasite population," Amato said. (upi.com)
  • About 2,000 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States each year. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria cases data from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from the Ghanaian District Health Information and Management System and aggregated at a district and monthly level. (bvsalud.org)
  • A total of 1,105,370 malaria cases were reported between 2015 and 2019. (bvsalud.org)
  • Significant seasonal variation was observed, with June and July being the peak months of reported malaria cases. (bvsalud.org)
Anti-malaria1
  • A similar Malaria No More campaign saw clinics use mobile devices to report on their stock of anti-malaria drugs, so no one rushing to a clinic will find the cupboard bare. (northwestern.edu)
Clinical malaria4
  • All RTS,S/AS01E regimens provided substantial, similar protection against clinical malaria, suggesting potential flexibility in the recommended dosing regimen and schedule. (scoop.it)
  • Only a small proportion of patients with clinical malaria progress to this medical emergency. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
  • Repeated clinical malaria episodes are associated with modification of the immune system in children. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We set out to understand how frequent clinical malaria, which elicits a strong inflammatory response, affects the immune system and whether these modifications are observable in the absence of detectable parasitaemia.MethodsWe used a multi-dimensional approach comprising whole blood transcriptomic, cellular and plasma cytokine analyses on a cohort of children living with endemic malaria, but uninfected at sampling, who had been under active surveillance for malaria for 8 years. (ox.ac.uk)
Effective malaria1
  • According to Lee Hall, M.D., Ph.D., chief of the Parasitology and International Programs Branch in NIAID, sustainable and effective malaria control requires research in multiple settings on the complex interactions among the parasite, the mosquito vector, the local ecology and the human host. (nih.gov)
Surveillance2
  • We need to understand how these mutations work and monitor them as part of malaria surveillance programs," says Clark. (eurekalert.org)
  • Case investigations are conducted by local and state health departments, and reports are transmitted to CDC through the National Malaria Surveillance System (NMSS), National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS), or direct CDC consults. (unboundmedicine.com)
Global Malaria Action Plan1
  • The CCoP contributed SBCC input to the Global Malaria Action Plan 2 (GMAP2) as well as the Global Technical Strategy . (healthcommcapacity.org)
Virtually all patients with malaria1
  • Importantly, virtually all patients with malaria present with headache. (medscape.com)
Tuberculosis4
  • It guides how our partnership can accelerate progress towards our vision of a world free of the burden of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria with better, equitable health for all. (theglobalfund.org)
  • The Global Fund's bold, ambitious new Strategy: Fighting Pandemics and Building a Healthier and More Equitable World sets out how the Global Fund partnership aims to accelerate impact towards the 2030 horizon and contribute to a world free of the burden of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria with better, more equitable health for all, as set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3 . (theglobalfund.org)
  • The Strategy has four strategic objectives at its core: Maximize impact against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria, Build Resilient and Sustainable Systems for Health, Promote and Protect Human Rights and Gender Equality, and Mobilize Increased Resources. (theglobalfund.org)
  • In 2004, the PNG National Department of Health (NDoH) managed to secure a first malaria grant from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) allowing it to re-intensify its malaria control efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Mosquito-borne1
  • Now, to reduce the risk of the parasite becoming untreatable, the investigators urge malaria control programs to closely monitor genetic mutations in the mosquito-borne parasite. (upi.com)
Chills1
  • Patients with malaria often experience fever, chills and flu-like illness. (scienceblog.com)
Species2
  • different species cause the different forms of malaria we see in different parts of the world. (malaria.com)
  • Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. (bvsalud.org)
20181
  • Additionally, GMAP estimates that funding for malaria research and development (R&D) would need to reach at US$750-900 million annually between 2008-2018. (kff.org)
Researchers3
  • Researchers have known for a long time about artemisinin's effectiveness as a malaria treatment. (voanews.com)
  • The researchers came to this conclusion after running a clinical trial in a group of children living in an area of Papua New Guinea (PNG), where malaria is endemic. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The researchers note that the finding has significant implications for malaria control programs not only in Asia-Pacific, but also in Central and South America, South and Southeast Asia and the Middle East, where P. vivax is also a significant cause of malaria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Patients4
  • The patient population of the Florida State Hospital, is, as might be expected in a state that has attracted much immigration during the last two decades, highly cosmopolitan, and we presume that the neurosyphilitic patients for whom malaria therapy is prescribed reflect this characteristic. (ajtmh.org)
  • In patients with suspected malaria, obtaining a history of recent or remote travel to an endemic area is critical. (medscape.com)
  • Most patients with malaria have no specific physical findings, but splenomegaly may be present. (medscape.com)
  • Some patients with malaria present with diarrhea and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. (medscape.com)
Control10
  • and other organizations in supporting host countries' malaria control efforts. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2013, funding for malaria control reached US$2.6 billion, its highest level to date. (kff.org)
  • Funding for malaria control has increased significantly over the past decade, rising three fold between 2005 and 2013, (from US$871 million in 2005 to US$2.6 billion in 2013), largely due to the creation of the Global Fund. (kff.org)
  • Despite significant increases over the past decade, total funding for malaria control activities is significantly below the GMAP's estimated annual need of US$5.1 billion. (kff.org)
  • While funding levels for malaria control activities beyond 2013 are not yet known for all funding sources, projected data are available from the U.S. and the Global Fund, the two largest funders for malaria efforts, and both are projected to increase their funding in the next several years. (kff.org)
  • A worker fumigates buildings to control malaria in Sri Lanka in 2011. (axios.com)
  • From the simulations, the authors also report very high levels of malaria control with the combined use of fast diagnostic tests, mosquito nets, indoor spraying of pesticides, and a combination therapy based on the anti-malarial drug Artemisinin. (indiatimes.com)
  • Background: DDT was among the initial persistent organic pollutants listed under the Stockholm Convention and continues to be used for control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases in accordance with its provisions on acceptable purposes. (ku.dk)
  • Similarly, global use of DDT, for control of malaria and leishmaniasis, showed a 30% decline over the period 2001-2014, from 5388 metric tons p.a. to 3772 metric tons p.a. (ku.dk)
  • In 2004, the country intensified its malaria control activities with support from the Global Fund. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidemiology1
  • They will adapt their research to changes in malaria epidemiology and emerging research needs as well as opportunities within the specific regions. (nih.gov)
Resistance5
  • Chloroquine was the treatment of choice for malaria and is still followed in most countries for treatment of P. Vivax , but P. falciparum has developed resistance to it. (paho.org)
  • Current therapies are very effective against malaria, but the problem is the parasite is developing resistance. (scienceblog.com)
  • Prophylaxis of malaria in geographic areas where chloroquine resistance occurs. (nih.gov)
  • In some countries, DDT is used in response to the development of resistance in malaria vectors against pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. (ku.dk)
  • Some other countries have stopped using DDT, in compliance to the Convention, or in response to DDT resistance in malaria vectors. (ku.dk)
World's population2
  • Approximately half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, particularly those living in lower-income countries. (paho.org)
  • According to the WHO, more than half the world's population is at risk of contracting malaria. (axios.com)
World Health Organ1
  • LINGAYEN, Philippines - The Pangasinan health office is confident the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Department of Health (DOH) will declare the province malaria-free, an official said yesterday. (philstar.com)