New Hampshire
Maine
Phocoena
Atlantic Ocean
Vermont
Legislation, Medical
Arthropod Vectors
New England
State Health Plans
Sulfoxides
Formularies as Topic
Cat Diseases
Bivalvia
Anaplasmosis
Health Care Sector
Medicaid
Ecosystem
Alcoholic Intoxication
United States
Breeding
Population Surveillance
Disease Outbreaks
Geography
Cats
Regression Analysis
A multistate, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A. National Hepatitis A Investigation Team. (1/175)
BACKGROUND: We investigated a large, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in February and March 1997 in Michigan and then extended the investigation to determine whether it was related to sporadic cases reported in other states among persons who had consumed frozen strawberries, the food suspected of causing the outbreak. METHODS: The cases of hepatitis A were serologically confirmed. Epidemiologic studies were conducted in the two states with sufficient numbers of cases, Michigan and Maine. Hepatitis A virus RNA detected in clinical specimens was sequenced to determine the relatedness of the virus from outbreak-related cases and other cases. RESULTS: A total of 213 cases of hepatitis A were reported from 23 schools in Michigan and 29 cases from 13 schools in Maine, with the median rate of attack ranging from 0.2 to 14 percent. Hepatitis A was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries in a case-control study (odds ratio for the disease, 8.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 33) and a cohort study (relative risk of infection, 7.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 53) in Michigan and in a case-control study in Maine (odds ratio for infection, 3.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 14). The genetic sequences of viruses from 126 patients in Michigan and Maine were identical to one another and to those from 5 patients in Wisconsin and 7 patients in Arizona, all of whom attended schools where frozen strawberries from the same processor had been served, and to those in 2 patients from Louisiana, both of whom had consumed commercially prepared products containing frozen strawberries from the same processor. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a large outbreak of hepatitis A in Michigan that was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries. We found apparently sporadic cases in other states that could be linked to the same source by viral genetic analysis. (+info)Cigarette smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy among women who gave birth to live infants--Maine, 1988-1997. (2/175)
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes (e.g., low birthweight and preterm delivery). The adverse effect of smoking on birthweight occurs primarily during the last trimester of pregnancy. To study smoking prevalence over time among women who gave birth to live infants in Maine, CDC and the Maine Department of Human Services (MDHS) analyzed self-reported data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) collected during 1988-1997. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate that despite the overall decline in smoking prevalence in Maine among women who gave birth to live infants, smoking prevalence remains high during the last 3 months of pregnancy among young women and low-income women, particularly those participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). (+info)Screening mammography rates by specialty of the usual care physician. (3/175)
CONTEXT: Although Medicare began paying for screening mammography in 1991, utilization among enrollees has been low. PRACTICE PATTERN EXAMINED: The relation between the specialty of the usual care physician and the proportion of women 65 years of age and older receiving mammography. DATA SOURCE: 100% Medicare Part B claims for 186,526 female enrollees residing in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont during 1993 and 1994. RESULTS: Among women of the target screening age (65 to 69 years), 55.4%, received mammography during the 2-year period. The highest rates of mammography were observed in women whose usual care physician was a gynecologist (77.9%; 95% CI, 75.8 to 79.9), followed by those treated by an internist (67.1%; CI, 66.5 to 67.7), family practitioner (58.1%; CI, 57.4 to 58.9), general practitioner (47.4%; CI, 45.4 to 49.5), and other specialists (41.3%; CI, 40.1 to 42.5). The lowest rates were observed in women who had no physician visits during the 2-year period (9.5%; CI, 8.7 to 10.4). Although screening rates were lower in women aged 70 years and older, a similar pattern was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of a Medicare enrollee's receiving screening mammography is strongly influenced by the specialty of her usual care physician. Covering a preventive service does not guarantee its use. (+info)Attributes of atmospheric carbon monoxide oxidation by Maine forest soils. (4/175)
CO, one of the most important trace gases, regulates tropospheric methane, hydroxyl radical, and ozone contents. Ten to 25% of the estimated global CO flux may be consumed by soils annually. Depth profiles for (14)CO oxidation and CO concentration indicated that CO oxidation occurred primarily in surface soils and that photooxidation of soil organic matter did not necessarily contribute significantly to CO fluxes. Kinetic analyses revealed that the apparent K(m) was about 18 nM (17 ppm) and the V(max) was 6.9 micromol g (fresh weight)(-1) h(-1); the apparent K(m) was similar to the apparent K(m) for atmospheric methane consumption, but the V(max) was more than 100 times higher. Atmospheric CO oxidation responded sensitively to soil water regimes; decreases in water content in initially saturated soils resulted in increased uptake, and optimum uptake occurred at water contents of 30 to 60%. However, extended drying led to decreased uptake and net CO production. Rewetting could restore CO uptake, albeit with a pronounced hysteresis. The responses to changing temperatures indicated that the optimum temperature for net uptake was between 20 and 25 degrees C and that there was a transition to net production at temperatures above 30 degrees C. The responses to methyl fluoride and acetylene indicated that populations other than ammonia oxidizers and methanotrophs must be involved in forest soils. The response to acetylene was notable, since the strong initial inhibition was reversed after 12 h of incubation; in contrast, methyl fluoride did not have an inhibitory effect. Ammonium did not inhibit CO uptake; the level of nitrite inhibition was initially substantial, but nitrite inhibition was reversible over time. Nitrite inhibition appeared to occur through indirect effects based on abiological formation of NO. (+info)Pseudomonas dermatitis/folliculitis associated with pools and hot tubs--Colorado and Maine, 1999-2000. (5/175)
During 1999-2000, outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis and otitis externa associated with swimming pool and hot tub use occurred in Colorado and Maine. This report summarizes these outbreaks and provides recommendations for swimming pool and hot tub operation and maintenance, particularly when using offsite monitoring of water disinfectant and pH levels or when cyanuric acid is added to pools as a chlorine stabilizer. (+info)Decreasing incidence of burn injury in a rural state. (6/175)
OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in the incidence of burn injury since the regionalization of burn care and intensification of fire prevention initiatives that occurred in Maine during the 1970s. METHODS: Death certificate data from Maine and the United States for deaths due to fire or burns were obtained for 1960-98. Hospitalization and burn registry data were obtained for Maine from 1973-98. Frequencies and incidence rates were compared over time and, where possible, between Maine and the United States. RESULTS: During 1960-79, annual burn mortality in Maine averaged 5.1/100,000, with random variation. After this, the rate declined steadily to an average annual level of 1.4/100,000 during 1993-96. For the entire United States, average annual mortality declined from 4.2/100,000 during 1961-64 to 1.5/100,000 during 1993-96. Reduction in mortality has been principally due to prevention of dwelling fires. Hospitalization for burns in Maine was 34.8/100,000 during 1973-76 and declined to 10.6/100,000 during 1995-98. CONCLUSIONS: Burn prevention measures have dramatically reduced the incidence of death and hospitalization resulting from burns in Maine. (+info)Enrichment of high-affinity CO oxidizers in Maine forest soil. (7/175)
Carboxydotrophic activity in forest soils was enriched by incubation in a flowthrough system with elevated concentrations of headspace CO (40 to 400 ppm). CO uptake increased substantially over time, while the apparent K(m) ((app)K(m)) for uptake remained similar to that of unenriched soils (<10 to 20 ppm). Carboxydotrophic activity was transferred to and further enriched in sterile sand and forest soil. The (app)K(m)s for secondary and tertiary enrichments remained similar to values for unenriched soils. CO uptake by enriched soil and freshly collected forest soil was inhibited at headspace CO concentrations greater than about 1%. A novel isolate, COX1, obtained from the enrichments was inhibited similarly. However, in contrast to extant carboxydotrophs, COX1 consumed CO with an (app)K(m) of about 15 ppm, a value comparable to that of fresh soils. Phylogenetic analysis based on approximately 1,200 bp of its 16S rRNA gene sequence suggested that the isolate is an alpha-proteobacterium most closely related to the genera Pseudaminobacter, Aminobacter, and Chelatobacter (98.1 to 98.3% sequence identity). (+info)Nosocomial outbreak of Microbacterium species bacteremia among cancer patients. (8/175)
To date, only 6 sporadic Microbacterium species (formerly coryneform Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] groups A-4 and A-5) infections have been reported. The source, mode of transmission, morbidity, mortality, and potential for nosocomial transmission of Microbacterium species remain unknown. From 26 July through 14 August 1997, 8 episodes of coryneform CDC group A-5 symptomatic bacteremia occurred in 6 patients on the oncology ward at the Maine Medical Center. One patient died. All isolates were identified at CDC as Microbacterium species and had identical DNA banding patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. To assess risk factors for Microbacterium species infection, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. The presence of a central venous catheter was the strongest risk factor (6/6 vs. 22/48; relative risk, 3.2; P<.0001). This outbreak demonstrates significant Microbacterium species-associated morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations and confirms the potential for epidemic nosocomial transmission. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Hampshire" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the 50 states in the United States of America, located in the New England region. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Maine" is not a medical term or concept. It is actually the name of a state, the 23rd state to join the United States of America. Maine is located in the northeastern part of the country and is known for its rocky coastline, maritime history, and natural beauty. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those!
"Phocoena" is the genus name for a group of marine mammals commonly known as porpoises. These are small, toothed whales that are characterized by their robust body, short beak, and distinct triangular dorsal fin. The term "Phocoena" specifically refers to a few species within this family, including the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and the spectacled porpoise (Phocoena dioptrica). These animals are known for their agile swimming abilities and are found in various parts of the world's oceans.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Atlantic Ocean" is a geographical term referring to one of the five oceans on Earth. It doesn't have a medical definition. The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean, covering approximately 20% of the Earth's surface. It stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, alternatively, to the Antarctica region) in the south, and is bounded by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Vermont" is not a medical term. It is a geographical location, being the name of a state in the United States. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to try and help answer those!
Medical legislation refers to laws and regulations that govern the practice of medicine and related healthcare fields. These laws are established by federal, state, or local governments to ensure that medical professionals provide safe, ethical, and effective care to their patients. They cover a wide range of issues including:
1. Licensing and certification of healthcare providers
2. Standards of care and professional conduct
3. Patient rights and privacy (e.g., HIPAA)
4. Prescription medication use and abuse
5. Medical malpractice and liability
6. Healthcare facility accreditation and safety
7. Public health and prevention measures
8. Research involving human subjects
9. Reimbursement for medical services (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid)
10. Telemedicine and telehealth practices
Medical legislation aims to protect both patients and healthcare providers while maintaining a high standard of care and promoting the overall health of the population.
Arthropod vectors are living organisms, specifically arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and lice, that can transmit infectious agents (such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites) from one host to another. This process is called vector-borne transmission. The arthropod vectors become infected with the pathogen while taking a blood meal from an infected host, then transmit the pathogen to another host during subsequent feedings. The transmission can occur through various means, including biting, stinging, or even mechanical contact. It's important to note that not all arthropods are vectors, and only certain species within each group are capable of transmitting diseases.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New England" is not a medical term. It's a geographical region in the northeastern United States, consisting of six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help with those!
"State Health Plans" is a general term that refers to the healthcare coverage programs offered or managed by individual states in the United States. These plans can be divided into two main categories: Medicaid and state-based marketplaces.
1. **Medicaid**: This is a joint federal-state program that provides healthcare coverage to low-income individuals, families, and qualifying groups, such as pregnant women, children, elderly people, and people with disabilities. Each state administers its own Medicaid program within broad federal guidelines, and therefore, the benefits, eligibility criteria, and enrollment processes can vary from state to state.
2. **State-based Marketplaces (SBMs)**: These are online platforms where individuals and small businesses can compare and purchase health insurance plans that meet the standards set by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). SBMs operate in accordance with federal regulations, but individual states have the flexibility to design their own marketplace structure, manage their own enrollment process, and determine which insurers can participate.
It is important to note that state health plans are subject to change based on federal and state laws, regulations, and funding allocations. Therefore, it is always recommended to check the most recent and specific information from the relevant state agency or department.
Sulfoxides are organic compounds characterized by the functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and a carbon atom. The general structure is R-S(=O)O-R', where R and R' represent alkyl or aryl groups. They are often formed by the oxidation of sulfides, which contain a sulfur atom bonded to two carbon atoms. Sulfoxides have a trigonal pyramidal geometry at the sulfur atom due to the presence of two electron-withdrawing oxygen atoms. They exhibit properties of both polar and nonpolar compounds, making them useful as solvents and intermediates in organic synthesis.
A formulary is a list of prescription drugs, both generic and brand-name, that are approved for use in a specific health plan or healthcare system. The formulary includes information on the preferred drugs within each therapeutic class, along with any restrictions or limitations on their use. Formularies are developed and maintained by a committee of healthcare professionals, including pharmacists and physicians, who evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of different medications.
The purpose of a formulary is to promote the appropriate use of medications, improve patient outcomes, and manage healthcare costs. By establishing a preferred list of drugs, health plans and healthcare systems can negotiate better prices with pharmaceutical manufacturers and ensure that patients receive high-quality, evidence-based care.
Formularies may include various types of medications, such as oral solid dosage forms, injectables, inhalants, topicals, and others. They are typically organized by therapeutic class, and each drug is assigned a tier based on its cost and clinical value. Tier 1 drugs are usually preferred generics or lower-cost brand-name medications, while Tier 2 drugs may be higher-cost brand-name medications that have no generic equivalent. Tier 3 drugs are typically specialty medications that are used to treat complex or rare conditions and are often associated with high costs.
Healthcare providers are encouraged to prescribe drugs that are listed on the formulary, as these medications have been thoroughly reviewed and deemed safe and effective for use in their patient population. However, there may be situations where a non-formulary medication is necessary to treat a particular patient's condition. In such cases, healthcare providers can request an exception or prior authorization to prescribe the non-formulary drug.
Formularies are regularly updated to reflect new drugs that come on the market, changes in clinical guidelines, and shifts in the therapeutic landscape. Health plans and healthcare systems may also modify their formularies in response to feedback from patients and providers or to address concerns about safety, efficacy, or cost.
In summary, a formulary is a comprehensive list of prescription drugs that are approved for use in a specific health plan or healthcare system. Formularies promote the appropriate use of medications, improve patient outcomes, and manage costs by encouraging the prescribing of safe and effective drugs that have been thoroughly reviewed and deemed appropriate for their patient population.
Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure in which the adenoids are removed. The adenoids are a patch of tissue located behind the nasal cavity, near the roof of the mouth. They help to filter out germs that are breathed in through the nose. However, sometimes the adenoids can become enlarged or infected, leading to problems such as difficulty breathing through the nose, recurrent ear infections, and sleep apnea. In these cases, an adenoidectomy may be recommended to remove the adenoids and alleviate these symptoms.
The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis, which means that the patient can go home the same day as the surgery. The surgeon will use a special instrument to remove the adenoids through the mouth, without making any external incisions. After the surgery, the patient may experience some discomfort, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing for a few days. However, these symptoms usually resolve within a week or two.
It is important to note that an adenoidectomy is not the same as a tonsillectomy, which is the surgical removal of the tonsils. While the tonsils and adenoids are both part of the immune system and located in the same area of the mouth, they serve different functions and may be removed separately or together depending on the individual's medical needs.
There are many diseases that can affect cats, and the specific medical definitions for these conditions can be quite detailed and complex. However, here are some common categories of feline diseases and examples of each:
1. Infectious diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include:
* Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), also known as feline parvovirus, which can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms and death in kittens.
* Feline calicivirus (FCV), which can cause upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and nasal discharge.
* Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which can suppress the immune system and lead to a variety of secondary infections and diseases.
* Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Pasteurella multocida or Bartonella henselae, which can cause abscesses or other symptoms.
2. Neoplastic diseases: These are cancerous conditions that can affect various organs and tissues in cats. Examples include:
* Lymphoma, which is a common type of cancer in cats that can affect the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and other organs.
* Fibrosarcoma, which is a type of soft tissue cancer that can arise from fibrous connective tissue.
* Squamous cell carcinoma, which is a type of skin cancer that can be caused by exposure to sunlight or tobacco smoke.
3. Degenerative diseases: These are conditions that result from the normal wear and tear of aging or other factors. Examples include:
* Osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease that can cause pain and stiffness in older cats.
* Dental disease, which is a common condition in cats that can lead to tooth loss, gum inflammation, and other problems.
* Heart disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a thickening of the heart muscle that can lead to congestive heart failure.
4. Hereditary diseases: These are conditions that are inherited from a cat's parents and are present at birth or develop early in life. Examples include:
* Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure.
* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in some cats.
* Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which is a group of genetic disorders that cause degeneration of the retina and can lead to blindness.
Bivalvia is a class of mollusks, also known as "pelecypods," that have a laterally compressed body and two shells or valves. These valves are hinged together on one side and can be opened and closed to allow the animal to feed or withdraw into its shell for protection.
Bivalves include clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and numerous other species. They are characterized by their simple body structure, which consists of a muscular foot used for burrowing or anchoring, a soft mantle that secretes the shell, and gills that serve both as respiratory organs and feeding structures.
Bivalves play an important role in aquatic ecosystems as filter feeders, helping to maintain water quality by removing particles and organic matter from the water column. They are also commercially important as a source of food for humans and other animals, and their shells have been used historically for various purposes such as tools, jewelry, and building materials.
Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States and western black-legged ticks (Ixodes pacificus) in the western United States.
The bacterium infects and reproduces within certain white blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and chills that typically appear within 1-2 weeks after a tick bite. Other possible symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, and a rash (although a rash is uncommon).
Anaplasmosis can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies against the bacterium or the DNA of the organism itself. It is usually treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline, which are most effective when started early in the course of the disease.
Preventing tick bites is the best way to avoid anaplasmosis and other tick-borne diseases. This can be done by using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, avoiding wooded and brushy areas with high grass, and checking for ticks after being outdoors. If a tick is found, it should be removed promptly using fine-tipped tweezers, grasping the tick as close to the skin as possible and pulling straight upwards with steady pressure.
A tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which the tonsils, two masses of lymphoid tissue located on both sides of the back of the throat, are removed. This procedure is typically performed to treat recurrent or severe cases of tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils), sleep-disordered breathing such as obstructive sleep apnea, and other conditions where the tonsils are causing problems or complications. The surgery can be done under general anesthesia, and there are various methods for removing the tonsils, including traditional scalpel excision, electrocautery, and laser surgery. After a tonsillectomy, patients may experience pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing, but these symptoms typically improve within 1-2 weeks post-surgery.
Seawater is not a medical term, but it is a type of water that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface. Medically, seawater can be relevant in certain contexts, such as in discussions of marine biology, environmental health, or water safety. Seawater has a high salt content, with an average salinity of around 3.5%, which is much higher than that of freshwater. This makes it unsuitable for drinking or irrigation without desalination.
Exposure to seawater can also have medical implications, such as in cases of immersion injuries, marine envenomations, or waterborne illnesses. However, there is no single medical definition of seawater.
The Health Care Sector is a segment of the economy that includes companies and organizations that provide goods and services to treat patients with medical conditions, as well as those that work to maintain people's health through preventative care and health education. This sector includes hospitals, clinics, physician practices, dental practices, pharmacies, home health care agencies, nursing homes, laboratories, and medical device manufacturers, among others.
The Health Care Sector is often broken down into several subsectors, including:
1. Providers of healthcare services, such as hospitals, clinics, and physician practices.
2. Payers of healthcare costs, such as insurance companies and government agencies like Medicare and Medicaid.
3. Manufacturers of healthcare products, such as medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology products.
4. Distributors of healthcare products, such as wholesalers and pharmacy benefit managers.
5. Providers of healthcare information technology, such as electronic health record systems and telemedicine platforms.
The Health Care Sector is a significant contributor to the economy in many countries, providing employment opportunities and contributing to economic growth. However, it also faces significant challenges, including rising costs, an aging population, and increasing demands for access to high-quality care.
Medicaid is a joint federal-state program that provides health coverage for low-income individuals, including children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and people with disabilities. Eligibility, benefits, and administration vary by state, but the program is designed to ensure that low-income individuals have access to necessary medical services. Medicaid is funded jointly by the federal government and the states, and is administered by the states under broad federal guidelines.
Medicaid programs must cover certain mandatory benefits, such as inpatient and outpatient hospital services, laboratory and X-ray services, and physician services. States also have the option to provide additional benefits, such as dental care, vision services, and prescription drugs. In addition, many states have expanded their Medicaid programs to cover more low-income adults under the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
Medicaid is an important source of health coverage for millions of Americans, providing access to necessary medical care and helping to reduce financial burden for low-income individuals.
An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.
While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.
Diagnostic errors refer to inaccurate or delayed diagnoses of a patient's medical condition, which can lead to improper or unnecessary treatment and potentially serious harm to the patient. These errors can occur due to various factors such as lack of clinical knowledge, failure to consider all possible diagnoses, inadequate communication between healthcare providers and patients, and problems with testing or interpretation of test results. Diagnostic errors are a significant cause of preventable harm in medical care and have been identified as a priority area for quality improvement efforts.
Alcoholic intoxication, also known as alcohol poisoning, is a condition that occurs when a person consumes a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time. This can lead to an increase in the concentration of alcohol in the blood, which can affect the normal functioning of the body's organs and systems.
The symptoms of alcoholic intoxication can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but they may include:
* Confusion or disorientation
* Slurred speech
* Poor coordination
* Staggering or difficulty walking
* Vomiting
* Seizures
* Slow or irregular breathing
* Low body temperature (hypothermia)
* Pale or blue-tinged skin
* Unconsciousness or coma
Alcoholic intoxication can be a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. If you suspect that someone has alcohol poisoning, it is important to seek medical help right away. Treatment may include supportive care, such as providing fluids and oxygen, and monitoring the person's vital signs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.
It is important to note that alcoholic intoxication can occur even at relatively low levels of alcohol consumption, especially in people who are not used to drinking or who have certain medical conditions. It is always best to drink in moderation and to be aware of the potential risks associated with alcohol consumption.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population density" is actually a term used in population geography and epidemiology, rather than medical terminology. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area or region, usually measured as the number of people per square mile or square kilometer.
However, understanding population density can be important in public health and medicine because it can influence various factors related to health outcomes and healthcare delivery, such as:
1. Disease transmission rates: Higher population densities can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those that are transmitted through close contact between individuals.
2. Access to healthcare services: Areas with lower population density might have fewer healthcare resources and providers available, making it more challenging for residents to access necessary medical care.
3. Health disparities: Population density can contribute to health inequities, as urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities than rural areas, leading to differences in health outcomes between these populations.
4. Environmental factors: Higher population densities might lead to increased pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards that can negatively impact health.
Therefore, while "population density" is not a medical definition per se, it remains an essential concept for understanding various public health and healthcare issues.
In medical terms, "breeding" is not a term that is commonly used. It is more frequently used in the context of animal husbandry to refer to the process of mating animals in order to produce offspring with specific desired traits or characteristics. In human medicine, the term is not typically applied to people and instead, related concepts such as reproduction, conception, or pregnancy are used.
Population surveillance in a public health and medical context refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data for a defined population over time. It aims to monitor the health status, identify emerging health threats or trends, and evaluate the impact of interventions within that population. This information is used to inform public health policy, prioritize healthcare resources, and guide disease prevention and control efforts. Population surveillance can involve various data sources, such as vital records, disease registries, surveys, and electronic health records.
Medical education is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and values necessary for becoming a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, nurse, or allied health professional. It involves a combination of theoretical instruction, practical training, and experiential learning in clinical settings. The goal of medical education is to produce competent, compassionate, and ethical practitioners who can provide high-quality care to patients and contribute to the advancement of medicine. Medical education typically includes undergraduate (pre-medical) studies, graduate (medical) school, residency training, and continuing medical education throughout a healthcare professional's career.
A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.
Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.
Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Geography is a field of study that deals with the location and distribution of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, as well as how humans interact with and affect those features. It is not a concept that is typically used in a medical context. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!
"Cat" is a common name that refers to various species of small carnivorous mammals that belong to the family Felidae. The domestic cat, also known as Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus, is a popular pet and companion animal. It is a subspecies of the wildcat, which is found in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Domestic cats are often kept as pets because of their companionship, playful behavior, and ability to hunt vermin. They are also valued for their ability to provide emotional support and therapy to people. Cats are obligate carnivores, which means that they require a diet that consists mainly of meat to meet their nutritional needs.
Cats are known for their agility, sharp senses, and predatory instincts. They have retractable claws, which they use for hunting and self-defense. Cats also have a keen sense of smell, hearing, and vision, which allow them to detect prey and navigate their environment.
In medical terms, cats can be hosts to various parasites and diseases that can affect humans and other animals. Some common feline diseases include rabies, feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and toxoplasmosis. It is important for cat owners to keep their pets healthy and up-to-date on vaccinations and preventative treatments to protect both the cats and their human companions.
A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.
Regression analysis is a statistical technique used in medicine, as well as in other fields, to examine the relationship between one or more independent variables (predictors) and a dependent variable (outcome). It allows for the estimation of the average change in the outcome variable associated with a one-unit change in an independent variable, while controlling for the effects of other independent variables. This technique is often used to identify risk factors for diseases or to evaluate the effectiveness of medical interventions. In medical research, regression analysis can be used to adjust for potential confounding variables and to quantify the relationship between exposures and health outcomes. It can also be used in predictive modeling to estimate the probability of a particular outcome based on multiple predictors.
Maine
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Augusta2
- [4] Randolph is included in the Augusta , Maine micropolitan New England City and Town Area . (wikipedia.org)
- [3] China is included in the Augusta , Maine micropolitan NECTA . (wikipedia.org)
Attorney general's office2
- The death of Gregory Lasselle, 27, was one of five police shootings statewide that the Maine attorney general's office has recently found to be justified. (sunjournal.com)
- The Maine Attorney General's Office and the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner were each notified of Bileau's death, which is standard procedure. (yahoo.com)
Penobscot County1
- Dexter is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. (wikipedia.org)
20231
- Maine has an estate tax with an exemption of $6.41 million for 2023. (kiplinger.com)
Centers4
- Coastal and Down East Maine have emerged as important centers for the creative economy, especially in the vicinity of Portland, which is also bringing gentrification. (wikipedia.org)
- A subsidiary of Maine Medical Center, the program is linked to research centers throughout the country and beyond, to provide children with treatments here in Maine. (elks.org)
- Dozens of the centers have closed over the last two years in Maine, a reflection of the difficulty in finding workers and also rising costs that nibble away at razor-thin profit margins. (sunjournal.com)
- The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) describes ME/CFS as a distinct disorder with specific symptoms and physical signs. (medlineplus.gov)
Saco1
- The principal rivers of Maine are the Saco, Androscoggin, Kennebec, Penobscot, and St. Croix, which flow south, and the St. John, flowing at first northerly and gradually turning and flowing in a southeasterly direction through New Brunswick into the Bay of Fundy. (catholic.com)
State19
- Maine (/meɪn/ ) is the easternmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. (wikipedia.org)
- Although Maine is the largest state in New England by total area, it is also the 12th-smallest by area, the 9th-least populous, the 13th-least densely populated, and the most rural of the 50 U.S. states. (wikipedia.org)
- Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820 when it voted to secede from Massachusetts to become a separate state. (wikipedia.org)
- The French named the entire area Acadia, including the portion that later became the state of Maine. (wikipedia.org)
- Location in Kennebec County and the state of Maine . (wikipedia.org)
- Their history, spanning roughly 1790 to 1860, can be itemized in the Maine state archives. (wikipedia.org)
- The CNA Registry lists CNAs who, through training, competency testing and clinical work experience, meet the federal and state requirements to work as a Certified Nursing Assistant in the state of Maine. (maine.gov)
- Maine State Police Detectives were called to Sherman yesterday because of human remains discovered in the woods near mile 269 off Interstate 95. (maine.gov)
- Maine is commonly known as the Pine Tree State, but is sometimes called the Star in the East. (catholic.com)
- The soil of Maine is for the most part hard, dry, and rocky, but along the river valleys, and in low lands originally covered by water, there is considerable fertile land, while in the northern portion of the state, in the valleys of the St. John and its tributary, the Aroostook, the soil is equal in fertility to any In the world. (catholic.com)
- Rsu 14 has received support from 378 individuals from Maine and 137 individuals out-of-state . (donorschoose.org)
- The $100,000 Club, Private Sector Committee, Elliott and Friends Program, MCCP Golf Tournament and the $100,000 Club (Maine Elks Association Major Project Endowment Fund) The Maine Elks Association Hundred Thousand Dollar Club concept was introduced by Past President Anthony G. Vafiades, who believed that the state association could establish an endowment fund to help suport the Maine Elks major projects and charitable endeavors. (elks.org)
- CDC funds the Maine State education department to assess health-risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death and disability among youth and adults. (cdc.gov)
- STD - In Maine, CDC funds the state health department to reduce STDs through science-based prevention and control services that are high impact, scalable, cost effective, and sustainable. (cdc.gov)
- TB - In Maine, CDC funds the State health department for TB prevention and control activities. (cdc.gov)
- UnitedHealthcare in Maine is here to serve the needs of employers, employees and their families across the state. (uhc.com)
- Rsu 17/msad 17 has received support from 773 individuals from Maine and 478 individuals out-of-state . (donorschoose.org)
- 1-A Portland man who was serving a 39-month sentence for probation revocation died Wednesday morning at the Maine State Prison in Warren. (yahoo.com)
- This page is a compilation of Census data from the 2008 American Community Survey profiling the demographics of those who left Maine in 2007 to move to another state in 2008 and vice versa. (taxfoundation.org)
Search1
- Search The Knot to find trusted wedding hair and make-up artists in Maine. (theknot.com)
100,0001
- In Maine, the rate of primary and secondary syphilis was 0.9 per 100,000 in 2011 and 2.1 per 100,000 in 2015. (cdc.gov)
DHHS1
- The Maine Background Check Center (MBCC) is a secure, web-based system operated by the Maine Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) in partnership with the Maine Department of Public Safety (DPS) and regulated employers that provide care and services to vulnerable Maine citizens. (maine.gov)
Belfast1
- Rooftop Elephant , Belfast, ME - (roadsideamerica.com)
Kennebec2
- The earliest known inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine were Algonquian-speaking Wabanaki peoples, including the Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Penobscot, Androscoggin, and Kennebec. (wikipedia.org)
- Randolph is a town and a census-designated place (CDP) in Kennebec County , Maine , United States. (wikipedia.org)
Statewide1
- The statewide sales tax in Maine is 5.5%, and there are no additional local sales taxes, according to the Tax Foundation . (kiplinger.com)
Coastal2
- The coastal areas of eastern Maine first became the Province of Maine in a 1622 land patent. (wikipedia.org)
- We offer ferry services to Monhegan Island, Puffin Watches with National Audubon narrators, and Maine Coastal and Seal Watches. (visitmaine.com)
BRUNSWICK2
- It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and northwest, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- No harmful exposures to site-related contamination are associated with groundwater and drinking water, surface water, or indoor air at the Naval Air Station Brunswick site in Brunswick, Maine, finds the public health assessment released by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (cdc.gov)
Citizens1
- Unfortunately, it failed in part at least to accomplish its purpose, for at the present time (1910) a Joint International Commission is endeavoring to harmonize the differences concerning the use of the river which have arisen, and are liable to arise in the future between citizens of Maine on the northern border and British subjects living on the lower St. John. (catholic.com)
Main1
- Currently, the Maine Children's Cancer Program is the main beneficiary of the fund. (elks.org)
HOSPITAL3
- At this point, the paramedics who were with me put a bandage on my leg to stop the bleeding and moved me to an ambulance and to take me to Al Aqsa Hospital in Deir Al-Balah. (who.int)
- I was in Al Aqsa Hospital for about 30 minutes to receive first aid before they moved me to Al-Quds Hospital in Gaza City. (who.int)
- From there they transferred me to Shifa Hospital. (who.int)
Department5
- The Maine Department of Health and Human Services developed a prediabetes and diabetes policy builder within the Healthy US Scorecard, an online employee wellness tool, to promote coverage for and participation in the National DPP lifestyle change program. (cdc.gov)
- The 3,100-acre estuary is owned and managed by the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife and is a haven for the region's most unique birds. (nationalgeographic.com)
- Maine Department of Corrections spokesperson Anna Black said in a statement. (yahoo.com)
- Bileau's death is the ninth inmate death that has been confirmed this year by the Maine Department of Corrections. (yahoo.com)
- The Maine Department of Corrections typically does not comment on an inmate's cause of death. (yahoo.com)
Employers2
Heart Disease1
- Maine receives funding and technical support from CDC to work to prevent and manage diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. (cdc.gov)
Health6
- Viral Hepatitis - In Maine, CDC supports projects to improve the delivery of primary and secondary viral hepatitis prevention services in health-care settings and public health programs that serve at-risk adults and adolescents. (cdc.gov)
- In the United States, the medicolegal investigation of unusual, suspicious, sudden and unexplained, violent, and non-natural deaths, including those deemed a possible threat to the public health, is usually performed by a coroner system or a medical examiner (ME) system. (medscape.com)
- On behalf of the People and Government of the Republic of Angola, I proudly launch the Zero Malaria Starts with Me campaign, a bold and catalytic initiative for a future in which malaria is no longer a persistent threat to health," said Angola's Minister of Health, Dr Silvia Lutucuta. (who.int)
- To this end, I build historical and contemporary spatial datasets that allow me to analyse the expansion of the missionary enterprise, the development of education and health care systems, and the. (lu.se)
- a report released by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) says residents living near and around the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS) in Kittery, Maine may have been or are currently being exposed to environmental contaminants at levels not likely to cause health effects. (cdc.gov)
- The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has released its final public health assessment for the Leeds Metal site in Leeds, Maine (ME). (cdc.gov)
Committee2
- To assist MCCP in their efforts, the Maine Elks Association's MCCP Committee works tirelessly throughout the year to raise the money needed. (elks.org)
- The purpose of the Private Sector Committee is to raise funds for the Maine Children's Cancer Program through fundraisers and donations from outside sources, beyond the Elks. (elks.org)
Program8
- Maine residents must apply for property tax stabilization program. (kiplinger.com)
- The Maine Children's Cancer Program (MCCP) was created to provide these comprehensive medical and psychological services to Maine's children with cancer and their families. (elks.org)
- MCCP is the only comprehensive cancer treatment program for children in Maine. (elks.org)
- Because Elks Care and Elks Share, the Maine Elks Association adopted the program as a major project in 1985, and since that time, the association has donated over $1 million dollars to the program. (elks.org)
- Thanks in part to the efforts of the Maine Elks Association and Subordinate Lodges, 70% of children in the MCCP Program are cured of cancer. (elks.org)
- Since its inception, the program has treated over 800 children here in Maine. (elks.org)
- The goal of the Maine Elks Association and the Maine Children's Cancer Program is to bring that number down to zero. (elks.org)
- The money raised from this program is donated to the MCCP Program through the Maine Elks Association. (elks.org)
Email updates1
- Send me email updates and offers from TMZ and its Affiliates. (tmz.com)
Warrant1
- The residence was secured with the assistance of Maine Game Wardens and Maine Forest Rangers while a warrant could be drafted. (maine.gov)
Infections1
- Infection -- About 1 out of 10 people who develop certain infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus and Q fever, go on to develop ME/CFS. (medlineplus.gov)
Prevention1
- Any deaths caused by COVID are included in case counts maintained by the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (yahoo.com)
Difficulty1
- Because symptoms such as extreme fatigue, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, and sleep problems are similar to ME/CFS, researchers are looking into a possible connection between the two conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
Made4
- Jay did the map and made me that cute button. (activerain.com)
- By the Treaty of Washington, also called the Ashburton Treaty, made in 1842 to end the dispute relative to the proper location of the northeastern frontier, the St. John River was constituted the northern boundary of Maine for a distance of 72 miles, and the St. Croix for a distance of 100 miles or more. (catholic.com)
- Nervous Nellie's: Where Jam is Made , Deer Isle, ME - 24 mi. (roadsideamerica.com)
- If I have made en error when adding values to the plugin job parameters I get a page telling me that I've tried to add invalid data. (lu.se)
Guide1
- Travel pristine lakes and rapids, portage over falls and dams, and camp on the peaceful banks with a Registered Maine Guide. (nationalgeographic.com)
Found2
- Archeological evidence suggests that Vikings in Greenland returned to North America for several centuries after the initial discovery to trade and collect timber, with the most relevant evidence being the Maine Penny, an 11th-century Norwegian coin found at a Native American dig site in 1954. (wikipedia.org)
- The firearm hunting season for deer kicked off Saturday with Maine resident hunting day, and many local hunters found success according to several central Maine tagging stations. (sunjournal.com)
Site1
- If confirmed, this would make Maine the site of the earliest European discovery in the entire US. (wikipedia.org)
English2
- A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate and conflict with the local Indigenous people caused many to fail. (wikipedia.org)
- The Plymouth Company established the first English settlement in Maine at the Popham Colony in 1607, the same year as the settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. (wikipedia.org)
Years2
- The territory of Maine has been inhabited by aboriginal populations for thousands of years after the glaciers retreated during the last ice age. (wikipedia.org)
- Christopher comes to ME PTAC after many years with the Central Maine Community College, the Maine International Trade Center, economic development entities and private industry. (constantcontact.com)
Send2
- Send me a message! (google.com)
- Send me a copy of my responses. (google.com)
Stories2
- In 1987, parts of Dexter's downtown area were used as backdrops for the film Creepshow 2, a horror anthology film based on stories written by Maine native Stephen King. (wikipedia.org)
- Stories, reports and tips on tourist attractions and odd sights in Maine . (roadsideamerica.com)
News1
- Find product information, local news and access to a list of UnitedHealthcare contacts in Maine. (uhc.com)
Page2
People8
- Maine CDC regulates several types of businesses and professions to keep people safe and healthy. (maine.gov)
- Eighteen people are dead after this week's mass shooting in Maine -- lives cut short when Robert Card opened fire in a bowling alley and a bar -- and the list of his victims includes people in their 70s and even a 14-year-old boy. (tmz.com)
- As you know, Card also injured 13 people during his murder spree -- his Bowdoin, ME home was surrounded by police Thursday night, but he wasn't home. (tmz.com)
- We need people to help coordinate voter registration drives and party-building activities in their region of Maine. (gp.org)
- Mental or physical stress -- Many people with ME/CFS have been under serious mental or physical stress before becoming ill. (medlineplus.gov)
- Energy production -- The way that cells within the body get energy is different in people with ME/CFS than in people without the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
- But many people with ME/CFS have not been diagnosed, particularly among minorities. (medlineplus.gov)
- People with ME/CFS have persistent and profound fatigue and are unable to do activities they were able to do before the illness. (medlineplus.gov)
Important3
- What are the most important things to bring with me? (roadtripamerica.com)
- Somewhat important to me. (surveymonkey.com)
- Not particularly important to me. (surveymonkey.com)
Coast1
- The islands off the coast of Maine are very numerous. (catholic.com)
Local2
- However, Maine has no local sales taxes. (kiplinger.com)
- Hence, the Zero Malaria Starts with Me campaign is a unique opportunity to establish solid internal mechanisms that can support resource mobilization and build strong local partnerships in the fight against malaria. (who.int)
Staff1
- Joining us as a member of the Eastern Maine Development Corporation (EMDC) staff is Christopher Paradis. (constantcontact.com)
Areas1
- As physicians and lay professionals obtained training in medicolegal investigation of death in the northeastern United States, they took that training and began to move to other areas of the nation, establishing ME systems. (medscape.com)