Povidone
Substance P
Macromolecular Substances
Receptors, Neurokinin-1
Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
Encyclopedias as Topic
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Substrate Specificity
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Ritonavir
Enzymes
Molecular chaperones: small heat shock proteins in the limelight. (1/19184)
Small heat shock proteins have been the Cinderellas of the molecular chaperone world, but now the crystal structure of a small heat shock protein has been solved and mutation of two human homologues implicated in genetic disease. Intermediate filaments appear to be one of the key targets of their chaperone activity. (+info)Association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by nascent snRNA transcripts. (2/19184)
BACKGROUND: Coiled bodies are nuclear organelles that are highly enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and certain basal transcription factors. Surprisingly, coiled bodies not only contain mature U snRNPs but also associate with specific chromosomal loci, including gene clusters that encode U snRNAs and histone messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which coiled bodies associate with these genes is completely unknown. RESULTS: Using stable cell lines, we show that artificial tandem arrays of human U1 and U2 snRNA genes colocalize with coiled bodies and that the frequency of the colocalization depends directly on the transcriptional activity of the array. Association of the genes with coiled bodies was abolished when the artificial U2 arrays contained promoter mutations that prevent transcription or when RNA polymerase II transcription was globally inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Remarkably, the association was also abolished when the U2 snRNA coding regions were replaced by heterologous sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The requirement for the U2 snRNA coding region indicates that association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by the nascent U2 RNA itself, not by DNA or DNA-bound proteins. Our data provide the first evidence that association of genes with a nuclear organelle can be directed by an RNA and suggest an autogenous feedback regulation model. (+info)Vac1p coordinates Rab and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in Vps45p-dependent vesicle docking/fusion at the endosome. (3/19184)
The vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediates transport of vacuolar protein precursors from the late Golgi to the lysosome-like vacuole. Sorting of some vacuolar proteins occurs via a prevacuolar endosomal compartment and mutations in a subset of VPS genes (the class D VPS genes) interfere with the Golgi-to-endosome transport step. Several of the encoded proteins, including Pep12p/Vps6p (an endosomal target (t) SNARE) and Vps45p (a Sec1p homologue), bind each other directly [1]. Another of these proteins, Vac1p/Pep7p/Vps19p, associates with Pep12p and binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), the product of the Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) [1] [2]. Here, we demonstrate that Vac1p genetically and physically interacts with the activated, GTP-bound form of Vps21p, a Rab GTPase that functions in Golgi-to-endosome transport, and with Vps45p. These results implicate Vac1p as an effector of Vps21p and as a novel Sec1p-family-binding protein. We suggest that Vac1p functions as a multivalent adaptor protein that ensures the high fidelity of vesicle docking and fusion by integrating both phosphoinositide (Vps34p) and GTPase (Vps21p) signals, which are essential for Pep12p- and Vps45p-dependent targeting of Golgi-derived vesicles to the prevacuolar endosome. (+info)Four dimers of lambda repressor bound to two suitably spaced pairs of lambda operators form octamers and DNA loops over large distances. (4/19184)
Transcription factors that are bound specifically to DNA often interact with each other over thousands of base pairs [1] [2]. Large DNA loops resulting from such interactions have been observed in Escherichia coli with the transcription factors deoR [3] and NtrC [4], but such interactions are not, as yet, well understood. We propose that unique protein complexes, that are not present in solution, may form specifically on DNA. Their uniqueness would make it possible for them to interact tightly and specifically with each other. We used the repressor and operators of coliphage lambda to construct a model system in which to test our proposition. lambda repressor is a dimer at physiological concentrations, but forms tetramers and octamers at a hundredfold higher concentration. We predict that two lambda repressor dimers form a tetramer in vitro when bound to two lambda operators spaced 24 bp apart and that two such tetramers interact to form an octamer. We examined, in vitro, relaxed circular plasmid DNA in which such operator pairs were separated by 2,850 bp and 2,470 bp. Of these molecules, 29% formed loops as seen by electron microscopy (EM). The loop increased the tightness of binding of lambda repressor to lambda operator. Consequently, repression of the lambda PR promoter in vivo was increased fourfold by the presence of a second pair of lambda operators, separated by a distance of 3,600 bp. (+info)Stable remodeling of tailless nucleosomes by the human SWI-SNF complex. (5/19184)
The histone N-terminal tails have been shown previously to be important for chromatin assembly, remodeling, and stability. We have tested the ability of human SWI-SNF (hSWI-SNF) to remodel nucleosomes whose tails have been cleaved through a limited trypsin digestion. We show that hSWI-SNF is able to remodel tailless mononucleosomes and nucleosomal arrays, although hSWI-SNF remodeling of tailless nucleosomes is less effective than remodeling of nucleosomes with tails. Analogous to previous observations with tailed nucleosomal templates, we show both (i) that hSWI-SNF-remodeled trypsinized mononucleosomes and arrays are stable for 30 min in the remodeled conformation after removal of ATP and (ii) that the remodeled tailless mononucleosome can be isolated on a nondenaturing acrylamide gel as a novel species. Thus, nucleosome remodeling by hSWI-SNF can occur via interactions with a tailless nucleosome core. (+info)Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (6/19184)
Two synthetic O-GlcNAc-bearing peptides that elicit H-2Db-restricted glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) have been shown to display nonreciprocal patterns of cross-reactivity. Here, we present the crystal structures of the H-2Db glycopeptide complexes to 2.85 A resolution or better. In both cases, the glycan is solvent exposed and available for direct recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR). We have modeled the complex formed between the MHC-glycopeptide complexes and their respective TCRs, showing that a single saccharide residue can be accommodated in the standard TCR-MHC geometry. The models also reveal a possible molecular basis for the observed cross-reactivity patterns of the CTL clones, which appear to be influenced by the length of the CDR3 loop and the nature of the immunizing ligand. (+info)Structural basis of Rab effector specificity: crystal structure of the small G protein Rab3A complexed with the effector domain of rabphilin-3A. (7/19184)
The small G protein Rab3A plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The crystal structure of activated Rab3A/GTP/Mg2+ bound to the effector domain of rabphilin-3A was solved to 2.6 A resolution. Rabphilin-3A contacts Rab3A in two distinct areas. The first interface involves the Rab3A switch I and switch II regions, which are sensitive to the nucleotide-binding state of Rab3A. The second interface consists of a deep pocket in Rab3A that interacts with a SGAWFF structural element of rabphilin-3A. Sequence and structure analysis, and biochemical data suggest that this pocket, or Rab complementarity-determining region (RabCDR), establishes a specific interaction between each Rab protein and its effectors. RabCDRs could be major determinants of effector specificity during vesicle trafficking and fusion. (+info)Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes and their implications for the assembly of the spliceosomal snRNPs. (8/19184)
The U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) involved in pre-mRNA splicing contain seven Sm proteins (B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G) in common, which assemble around the Sm site present in four of the major spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These proteins share a common sequence motif in two segments, Sm1 and Sm2, separated by a short variable linker. Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes, D3B and D1D2, show that these proteins have a common fold containing an N-terminal helix followed by a strongly bent five-stranded antiparallel beta sheet, and the D1D2 and D3B dimers superpose closely in their core regions, including the dimer interfaces. The crystal structures suggest that the seven Sm proteins could form a closed ring and the snRNAs may be bound in the positively charged central hole. (+info)Povidone, also known as PVP or polyvinylpyrrolidone, is not a medication itself but rather a pharmaceutical ingredient used in various medical and healthcare products. It is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that has the ability to bind to and carry other substances, such as drugs or iodine.
In medical applications, povidone is often used as a binder or coating agent in pharmaceutical tablets and capsules. It can also be found in some topical antiseptic solutions, such as those containing iodine, where it helps to stabilize and control the release of the active ingredient.
It's important to note that while povidone is a widely used pharmaceutical ingredient, it is not typically considered a medication on its own.
Substance P is an undecapeptide neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, belonging to the tachykinin family of peptides. It is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and is primarily found in sensory neurons. Substance P plays a crucial role in pain transmission, inflammation, and various autonomic functions. It exerts its effects by binding to neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptors, which are expressed on the surface of target cells. Apart from nociception and inflammation, Substance P is also involved in regulating emotional behaviors, smooth muscle contraction, and fluid balance.
Macromolecular substances, also known as macromolecules, are large, complex molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers. These substances are formed through polymerization, a process in which many small molecules combine to form a larger one. Macromolecular substances can be naturally occurring, such as proteins, DNA, and carbohydrates, or synthetic, such as plastics and synthetic fibers.
In the context of medicine, macromolecular substances are often used in the development of drugs and medical devices. For example, some drugs are designed to bind to specific macromolecules in the body, such as proteins or DNA, in order to alter their function and produce a therapeutic effect. Additionally, macromolecular substances may be used in the creation of medical implants, such as artificial joints and heart valves, due to their strength and durability.
It is important for healthcare professionals to have an understanding of macromolecular substances and how they function in the body, as this knowledge can inform the development and use of medical treatments.
Substance-related disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), refer to a group of conditions caused by the use of substances such as alcohol, drugs, or medicines. These disorders are characterized by a problematic pattern of using a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. They can be divided into two main categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders involve a pattern of compulsive use despite negative consequences, while substance-induced disorders include conditions such as intoxication, withdrawal, and substance/medication-induced mental disorders. The specific diagnosis depends on the type of substance involved, the patterns of use, and the presence or absence of physiological dependence.
Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor that bind to the neuropeptide substance P, which is a member of the tachykinin family. These receptors are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and play important roles in various physiological functions, including pain transmission, neuroinflammation, and emesis (vomiting).
NK-1 receptors are activated by substance P, which binds to the receptor's extracellular domain and triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of various intracellular signaling pathways. This activation can ultimately result in the modulation of neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression.
In addition to their role in normal physiological processes, NK-1 receptors have also been implicated in a number of pathological conditions, including pain, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders. As such, NK-1 receptor antagonists have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of these conditions.
Substance abuse treatment centers are healthcare facilities that provide a range of services for individuals struggling with substance use disorders (SUDs), including addiction to alcohol, illicit drugs, prescription medications, and other substances. These centers offer comprehensive, evidence-based assessments, interventions, and treatments aimed at helping patients achieve and maintain sobriety, improve their overall health and well-being, and reintegrate into society as productive members.
The medical definition of 'Substance Abuse Treatment Centers' encompasses various levels and types of care, such as:
1. **Medical Detoxification:** This is the first step in treating substance abuse, where patients are closely monitored and managed for withdrawal symptoms as their bodies clear the harmful substances. Medical detox often involves the use of medications to alleviate discomfort and ensure safety during the process.
2. **Inpatient/Residential Treatment:** This level of care provides 24-hour structured, intensive treatment in a controlled environment. Patients live at the facility and receive various therapeutic interventions, such as individual therapy, group counseling, family therapy, and psychoeducation, to address the underlying causes of their addiction and develop coping strategies for long-term recovery.
3. **Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP):** Also known as day treatment, PHPs offer structured, intensive care for several hours a day while allowing patients to return home or to a sober living environment during non-treatment hours. This level of care typically includes individual and group therapy, skill-building activities, and case management services.
4. **Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP):** IOPs provide flexible, less intensive treatment than PHPs, with patients attending sessions for a few hours per day, several days a week. These programs focus on relapse prevention, recovery skills, and addressing any co-occurring mental health conditions.
5. **Outpatient Treatment:** This is the least restrictive level of care, where patients attend individual or group therapy sessions on a regular basis while living at home or in a sober living environment. Outpatient treatment often serves as step-down care after completing higher levels of treatment or as an initial intervention for those with milder SUDs.
6. **Aftercare/Continuing Care:** Aftercare or continuing care services help patients maintain their recovery and prevent relapse by providing ongoing support, such as 12-step meetings, alumni groups, individual therapy, and case management.
Each treatment modality has its unique benefits and is tailored to meet the specific needs of individuals at various stages of addiction and recovery. It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional or an addiction specialist to determine the most appropriate level of care for each person's situation.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a class of medications that are commonly used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage in people with diabetes).
ACE inhibitors work by blocking the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme, an enzyme that converts the hormone angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors cause blood vessels to relax and widen, which lowers blood pressure and reduces the workload on the heart.
Some examples of ACE inhibitors include captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, and fosinopril. These medications are generally well-tolerated, but they can cause side effects such as cough, dizziness, headache, and elevated potassium levels in the blood. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider's instructions carefully when taking ACE inhibitors and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.
Substrate specificity in the context of medical biochemistry and enzymology refers to the ability of an enzyme to selectively bind and catalyze a chemical reaction with a particular substrate (or a group of similar substrates) while discriminating against other molecules that are not substrates. This specificity arises from the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, which has evolved to match the shape, charge distribution, and functional groups of its physiological substrate(s).
Substrate specificity is a fundamental property of enzymes that enables them to carry out highly selective chemical transformations in the complex cellular environment. The active site of an enzyme, where the catalysis takes place, has a unique conformation that complements the shape and charge distribution of its substrate(s). This ensures efficient recognition, binding, and conversion of the substrate into the desired product while minimizing unwanted side reactions with other molecules.
Substrate specificity can be categorized as:
1. Absolute specificity: An enzyme that can only act on a single substrate or a very narrow group of structurally related substrates, showing no activity towards any other molecule.
2. Group specificity: An enzyme that prefers to act on a particular functional group or class of compounds but can still accommodate minor structural variations within the substrate.
3. Broad or promiscuous specificity: An enzyme that can act on a wide range of structurally diverse substrates, albeit with varying catalytic efficiencies.
Understanding substrate specificity is crucial for elucidating enzymatic mechanisms, designing drugs that target specific enzymes or pathways, and developing biotechnological applications that rely on the controlled manipulation of enzyme activities.
HIV Protease Inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral medications used in the treatment of HIV infection. They work by blocking the activity of the HIV protease enzyme, which is necessary for the virus to replicate and infect new cells. By inhibiting this enzyme, the medication prevents the virus from maturing and assembling into new infectious particles.
HIV protease inhibitors are often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs as part of a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. This approach has been shown to effectively suppress viral replication, reduce the amount of virus in the bloodstream (viral load), and improve the health and longevity of people living with HIV.
Examples of HIV protease inhibitors include saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, and tipranavir. These medications are usually taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules, and may be prescribed alone or in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.
It is important to note that HIV protease inhibitors can have significant side effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, as well as metabolic changes such as increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of liver function, lipid levels, and other health parameters is necessary to ensure safe and effective use of these medications.
Ritonavir is an antiretroviral medication used in the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS. It is a protease inhibitor, which works by blocking the action of protease, an enzyme that the virus needs to multiply. By doing this, Ritonavir helps to reduce the amount of HIV in the body, keeping it at a low level and preventing the disease from progressing.
Ritonavir is often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It is also sometimes used at lower doses to boost the levels of other protease inhibitors in the body, a practice known as "pharmacologic boosting."
It's important to note that Ritonavir does not cure HIV/AIDS, but it can help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. As with all medications, Ritonavir can have side effects, and it may interact with other drugs, so it's important to take it exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
Enzymes are complex proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body. They help to lower activation energy required for reactions to occur, thereby enabling the reaction to happen faster and at lower temperatures. Enzymes work by binding to specific molecules, called substrates, and converting them into different molecules, called products. This process is known as catalysis.
Enzymes are highly specific and will only catalyze one particular reaction with a specific substrate. The shape of the enzyme's active site, where the substrate binds, determines this specificity. Enzymes can be regulated by various factors such as temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors or activators. They play a crucial role in many biological processes, including digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication.
In the context of medicine and pharmacology, "kinetics" refers to the study of how a drug moves throughout the body, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (often abbreviated as ADME). This field is called "pharmacokinetics."
1. Absorption: This is the process of a drug moving from its site of administration into the bloodstream. Factors such as the route of administration (e.g., oral, intravenous, etc.), formulation, and individual physiological differences can affect absorption.
2. Distribution: Once a drug is in the bloodstream, it gets distributed throughout the body to various tissues and organs. This process is influenced by factors like blood flow, protein binding, and lipid solubility of the drug.
3. Metabolism: Drugs are often chemically modified in the body, typically in the liver, through processes known as metabolism. These changes can lead to the formation of active or inactive metabolites, which may then be further distributed, excreted, or undergo additional metabolic transformations.
4. Excretion: This is the process by which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated from the body, primarily through the kidneys (urine) and the liver (bile).
Understanding the kinetics of a drug is crucial for determining its optimal dosing regimen, potential interactions with other medications or foods, and any necessary adjustments for special populations like pediatric or geriatric patients, or those with impaired renal or hepatic function.
Humin
Alexander Kovarski
Covalent bond
List of MeSH codes
French Group for the Study of Polymers and their Application
Enzyme inhibitor
Nicotine vaccine
Affinity chromatography
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures
Thomas Graham (chemist)
Plastic recycling
Photochlorination
Entrez
Timeline of crystallography
Chaotropic activity
David A. Tirrell
Wladyslaw Metanomski
Gliding motility
Cytosol
Sirius (synchrotron light source)
Colloid
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
Heptazine
Steam exploded fiber
Lung microbiota
Cell (biology)
Chromatin
Cytoplasm
Arachnids in medicine
Chaotropic agent
Imaging of humic substance macromolecular structures in water and soils<...
Optical imaging of metabolic dynamics in animals
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Biopolymers | Profiles RNS
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Conference
The effects of humic substances on DNA isolation from soils [PeerJ]
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Polymethyl Methacrylate | Colorado PROFILES
DeCS
Scholars@Duke publication: A mutation of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor impairs agonist activation of adenylyl cyclase without...
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Humans1
- these substances, in both rodents and humans. (cdc.gov)
Humic Substances6
- Humic substances (HSs) are the natural organic polyelectrolytes formed from the biochemical weathering of plant and animal remains. (princeton.edu)
- Here we argue that the available evidence does not support the formation of large-molecular-size and persistent 'humic substances' in soils. (nature.com)
- Sutton, R. & Sposito, G. Molecular structure in soil humic substances: the new view. (nature.com)
- Burdon, J. Are the traditional concepts of the structures of humic substances realistic? (nature.com)
- Due to their very complex molecular structure, humic substances, including humin, do not correspond to pure substances but consist of a mixture of many compounds that remain very difficult to characterize even using modern analytical techniques. (wikipedia.org)
- Humic substances (HS) are compounds with a complicated structure, present in the humus soil layer, water, lake sediments, peat, brown coal and shales. (peerj.com)
MeSH1
- Macromolecular Substances" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
Organic3
- Organic matter Soil organic matter Humus Humic substance Rice, James A. "Humin" Soil Science 2001, vol. 166(11), pp. 848-857. (wikipedia.org)
- Enzyme inhibitors are a chemically diverse set of substances that range in size from organic small molecules to macromolecular proteins . (wikipedia.org)
- It is an organic substance that is found in Canada and elsewhere primarily as a chemical intermediate in a variety of industries. (gc.ca)
Chemistry3
- Their macromolecular structure and chemistry determine their role in biogeochemical processes. (princeton.edu)
- In situ spectromicroscopic evidence showed that the HS macromolecular structures (size and shape) vary as a function of HS origin (soil versus fluvial), solution chemistry, and the associated mineralogy. (princeton.edu)
- Humins are carbon-based macromolecular substances, that can be found in soil chemistry or as a by-product from saccharide-based biorefinery processes. (wikipedia.org)
Soils1
- The macromolecular structural changes of HSs are likely to modify contaminant solubility, biotransformation, and the carbon cycle in soils and sediments. (princeton.edu)
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY1
- In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure. (uchicago.edu)
Toxic Substances1
- The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) mandates that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) shall assess whether adequate information on health effects is available for the priority hazardous substances. (cdc.gov)
Biological2
- Half maximal inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function. (researchgate.net)
- The methyl esters of methacrylic acid that polymerize easily and are used as tissue cements, dental materials, and absorbent for biological substances. (ouhsc.edu)
Hazardous1
- Humins are not considered to be a dangerous substance according to officially recognized hazardous material classification systems based on physical-chemical properties such as flammability, explosiveness, susceptibility to oxidation, corrosiveness or eco-toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Priority1
- This substance was identified in the categorization of the Domestic Substances List (DSL) as a high priority for action under the Challenge. (gc.ca)
Human1
- On the basis of the carcinogenic potential of 2-nitrotoluene, for which there may be a probability of harm at any exposure level, it is concluded that 2-nitrotoluene is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. (gc.ca)
Found1
- The Act further directs that where feasible, ATSDR shall develop methods to determine the health effects of substances in combination with other substances with which they are commonly found. (cdc.gov)
Specific1
- Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C-D signals with macromolecular selectivity. (nih.gov)
People2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Macromolecular Substances" by people in this website by year, and whether "Macromolecular Substances" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Macromolecular Substances" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
Proteins2
- Recent evidence indicates that other proteins are associated with connexins at gap junctions, and we have termed this macromolecular complex the Nexus. (elsevierpure.com)
- To identify potential scaffolding proteins that could organize a macromolecular signaling complex involving the CaR and Kir4.2, we used yeast two-hybrid cloning with the COOH-terminal 125 amino acids (AA) of Kir4.2 as bait to screen a human kidney cDNA library. (elsevierpure.com)
Synthetic macromolecular1
- The in vitro assay system is composed of two components, a synthetic macromolecular biobarrier and a Chemical Detection System (CDS). (nih.gov)
Complexes3
- this term includes gene products that are parts of macromolecular complexes\, by the definition that all members of a complex normally copurify under all except extreme conditions. (bionity.com)
- In this work, we present an approach for 3D single particle analysis in localization microscopy which hugely increases signal-to-noise ratio and resolution and enables determining the symmetry groups of macromolecular complexes. (tudelft.nl)
- Towards this, macromolecular complexes composed of Munc18c, Doc2b and Munc18-1 were detected in β-cells. (ttu.edu)
Microscopy1
- In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure. (nih.gov)
Humic substances2
- Due to their very complex molecular structure, humic substances, including humin, do not correspond to pure substances but consist of a mixture of many compounds that remain very difficult to characterize even using modern analytical techniques. (wikipedia.org)
- Several ecologically relevant aspects of soil organic matter (SOM), like the sorption of organic compounds and the water uptake kinetics, can only be explained in terms of the macromolecular structure of the humic substances. (tu-berlin.de)
Biophysics1
- 1 Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. (nih.gov)
Polymers1
- Conjugates of anticancer agents and polymers: advantages of macromolecular therapeutics in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
Complex2
- Scholars@Duke publication: Revealing the macromolecular targets of complex natural products. (duke.edu)
- Gout Tool is a macromolecular complex of natural anti-inflammatory substances and vitamins attached to natural carriers, serving as an ideal combination for essential micronutrients and antioxidants, free of side effects. (beautybridge.com)
Structural1
- This symposium will describe the current state of research on the structural analysis of large macromolecular assemblies and the most important challenges that must be met to take our understanding to the next level. (nih.gov)
Corrosion1
- Corrositex® is a validated and accepted (1)(2)(3)(4) in vitro test method that assesses if a substance can produce skin corrosion. (nih.gov)
Structures1
- In this paper, we discuss several methods of structure refinement that promise to increase the accuracy of macromolecular structures determined by NMR. (nih.gov)
Structure2
- Certainly by changing some atoms in large molecules we can subtly change the properties of that substance, and so, knowledge of the atomic structure is important but more secondary. (yale.edu)
- The unique processing of the product's macromolecular structure ensures correct absorption which aids in natural increased immune response and overall healing abilities of the body. (beautybridge.com)
Systems1
- Humins are not considered to be a dangerous substance according to officially recognized hazardous material classification systems based on physical-chemical properties such as flammability, explosiveness, susceptibility to oxidation, corrosiveness or eco-toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Formation1
- The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (lookformedical.com)
Test13
- Test substances are applied to the upper surface of the macromolecular biobarrier. (nih.gov)
- Corrosive substances are able to disrupt the integrity of the biobarrier, leading to the penetration of the test substance through the biobarrier into the CDS located beneath (6)(8). (nih.gov)
- The presence of the test substance in the CDS results in a color change that is detected visually. (nih.gov)
- the more corrosive a test substance, the shorter the time required to affect a color change. (nih.gov)
- Prior to performing Corrositex®, a test substance is evaluated as to its compatibility with the CDS. (nih.gov)
- A sample of the test substance is placed in a small amount of CDS fluid. (nih.gov)
- Corrositex® (i.e., the test substance qualifies). (nih.gov)
- If the test substance does not cause a color change, it must be tested by another method. (nih.gov)
- Qualified test substances are classified into one of four categories by a screening test that is supplied with the assay kit. (nih.gov)
- The category that a test substance is assigned to will determine how the breakthrough time (if one occurs) will be interpreted. (nih.gov)
- A test substance is assigned to a category based on its ability to induce a pH change in one of two defined buffers. (nih.gov)
- In Corrositex®, a test substance is assigned to an UN transportation Packing Group by considering the pH category that is assigned based on the result obtained in the screening test and by the time it takes for the test substance to penetrate the biobarrier. (nih.gov)
- Category A1 and B1 test substances are assigned to Group I if, after application to the biobarrier, a color change is observed between zero and three minutes, to Group II if a color change is observed after three minutes and up to one hour, and to Group III if a color change is observed after one hour and up to four hours. (nih.gov)
Status1
- It is known that the conformation of the macromolecular SOM network is distinctly affected by the water status in soil. (tu-berlin.de)
Size1
- Polymeric nanoparticles are solid, colloidal particles consisting of macromolecular substances that vary in size from 10 to 1000 nm. (medscape.com)
Large2
Small1
- Due to its extremely small polyporous filter elements, any harmful substances, small molecule or macromolecular, will be removed effectively. (hgrigging.com)
GROUPS1
- Packing Groups are assigned according to the degree of danger presented by the corrosive substance. (nih.gov)
Properties1
- We do indeed look at bonding and maybe get into the shape of a molecule and how that might influence the properties of a substance. (yale.edu)
Change1
- Category A2 substances produce little or no pH changes when added to the acid buffer and, therefore, little or no color change in the buffer solution is observed. (nih.gov)
Process1
- Lungs: Cellular respiration release CO 2 as excretory substance, which is eliminated outside by respiratory process in the lungs. (rbsesolutions.com)