A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.
An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of PAIN, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.
Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.
Disorders related to substance abuse.
A class of cell surface receptors for TACHYKININS with a preference for SUBSTANCE P. Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors have been cloned and are members of the G protein coupled receptor superfamily. They are found on many cell types including central and peripheral neurons, smooth muscle cells, acinar cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells.
Health facilities providing therapy and/or rehabilitation for substance-dependent individuals. Methadone distribution centers are included.

Molecular chaperones: small heat shock proteins in the limelight. (1/19184)

Small heat shock proteins have been the Cinderellas of the molecular chaperone world, but now the crystal structure of a small heat shock protein has been solved and mutation of two human homologues implicated in genetic disease. Intermediate filaments appear to be one of the key targets of their chaperone activity.  (+info)

Association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by nascent snRNA transcripts. (2/19184)

BACKGROUND: Coiled bodies are nuclear organelles that are highly enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and certain basal transcription factors. Surprisingly, coiled bodies not only contain mature U snRNPs but also associate with specific chromosomal loci, including gene clusters that encode U snRNAs and histone messenger RNAs. The mechanism(s) by which coiled bodies associate with these genes is completely unknown. RESULTS: Using stable cell lines, we show that artificial tandem arrays of human U1 and U2 snRNA genes colocalize with coiled bodies and that the frequency of the colocalization depends directly on the transcriptional activity of the array. Association of the genes with coiled bodies was abolished when the artificial U2 arrays contained promoter mutations that prevent transcription or when RNA polymerase II transcription was globally inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Remarkably, the association was also abolished when the U2 snRNA coding regions were replaced by heterologous sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The requirement for the U2 snRNA coding region indicates that association of snRNA genes with coiled bodies is mediated by the nascent U2 RNA itself, not by DNA or DNA-bound proteins. Our data provide the first evidence that association of genes with a nuclear organelle can be directed by an RNA and suggest an autogenous feedback regulation model.  (+info)

Vac1p coordinates Rab and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in Vps45p-dependent vesicle docking/fusion at the endosome. (3/19184)

The vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediates transport of vacuolar protein precursors from the late Golgi to the lysosome-like vacuole. Sorting of some vacuolar proteins occurs via a prevacuolar endosomal compartment and mutations in a subset of VPS genes (the class D VPS genes) interfere with the Golgi-to-endosome transport step. Several of the encoded proteins, including Pep12p/Vps6p (an endosomal target (t) SNARE) and Vps45p (a Sec1p homologue), bind each other directly [1]. Another of these proteins, Vac1p/Pep7p/Vps19p, associates with Pep12p and binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), the product of the Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) [1] [2]. Here, we demonstrate that Vac1p genetically and physically interacts with the activated, GTP-bound form of Vps21p, a Rab GTPase that functions in Golgi-to-endosome transport, and with Vps45p. These results implicate Vac1p as an effector of Vps21p and as a novel Sec1p-family-binding protein. We suggest that Vac1p functions as a multivalent adaptor protein that ensures the high fidelity of vesicle docking and fusion by integrating both phosphoinositide (Vps34p) and GTPase (Vps21p) signals, which are essential for Pep12p- and Vps45p-dependent targeting of Golgi-derived vesicles to the prevacuolar endosome.  (+info)

Four dimers of lambda repressor bound to two suitably spaced pairs of lambda operators form octamers and DNA loops over large distances. (4/19184)

Transcription factors that are bound specifically to DNA often interact with each other over thousands of base pairs [1] [2]. Large DNA loops resulting from such interactions have been observed in Escherichia coli with the transcription factors deoR [3] and NtrC [4], but such interactions are not, as yet, well understood. We propose that unique protein complexes, that are not present in solution, may form specifically on DNA. Their uniqueness would make it possible for them to interact tightly and specifically with each other. We used the repressor and operators of coliphage lambda to construct a model system in which to test our proposition. lambda repressor is a dimer at physiological concentrations, but forms tetramers and octamers at a hundredfold higher concentration. We predict that two lambda repressor dimers form a tetramer in vitro when bound to two lambda operators spaced 24 bp apart and that two such tetramers interact to form an octamer. We examined, in vitro, relaxed circular plasmid DNA in which such operator pairs were separated by 2,850 bp and 2,470 bp. Of these molecules, 29% formed loops as seen by electron microscopy (EM). The loop increased the tightness of binding of lambda repressor to lambda operator. Consequently, repression of the lambda PR promoter in vivo was increased fourfold by the presence of a second pair of lambda operators, separated by a distance of 3,600 bp.  (+info)

Stable remodeling of tailless nucleosomes by the human SWI-SNF complex. (5/19184)

The histone N-terminal tails have been shown previously to be important for chromatin assembly, remodeling, and stability. We have tested the ability of human SWI-SNF (hSWI-SNF) to remodel nucleosomes whose tails have been cleaved through a limited trypsin digestion. We show that hSWI-SNF is able to remodel tailless mononucleosomes and nucleosomal arrays, although hSWI-SNF remodeling of tailless nucleosomes is less effective than remodeling of nucleosomes with tails. Analogous to previous observations with tailed nucleosomal templates, we show both (i) that hSWI-SNF-remodeled trypsinized mononucleosomes and arrays are stable for 30 min in the remodeled conformation after removal of ATP and (ii) that the remodeled tailless mononucleosome can be isolated on a nondenaturing acrylamide gel as a novel species. Thus, nucleosome remodeling by hSWI-SNF can occur via interactions with a tailless nucleosome core.  (+info)

Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (6/19184)

Two synthetic O-GlcNAc-bearing peptides that elicit H-2Db-restricted glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) have been shown to display nonreciprocal patterns of cross-reactivity. Here, we present the crystal structures of the H-2Db glycopeptide complexes to 2.85 A resolution or better. In both cases, the glycan is solvent exposed and available for direct recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR). We have modeled the complex formed between the MHC-glycopeptide complexes and their respective TCRs, showing that a single saccharide residue can be accommodated in the standard TCR-MHC geometry. The models also reveal a possible molecular basis for the observed cross-reactivity patterns of the CTL clones, which appear to be influenced by the length of the CDR3 loop and the nature of the immunizing ligand.  (+info)

Structural basis of Rab effector specificity: crystal structure of the small G protein Rab3A complexed with the effector domain of rabphilin-3A. (7/19184)

The small G protein Rab3A plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The crystal structure of activated Rab3A/GTP/Mg2+ bound to the effector domain of rabphilin-3A was solved to 2.6 A resolution. Rabphilin-3A contacts Rab3A in two distinct areas. The first interface involves the Rab3A switch I and switch II regions, which are sensitive to the nucleotide-binding state of Rab3A. The second interface consists of a deep pocket in Rab3A that interacts with a SGAWFF structural element of rabphilin-3A. Sequence and structure analysis, and biochemical data suggest that this pocket, or Rab complementarity-determining region (RabCDR), establishes a specific interaction between each Rab protein and its effectors. RabCDRs could be major determinants of effector specificity during vesicle trafficking and fusion.  (+info)

Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes and their implications for the assembly of the spliceosomal snRNPs. (8/19184)

The U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) involved in pre-mRNA splicing contain seven Sm proteins (B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G) in common, which assemble around the Sm site present in four of the major spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These proteins share a common sequence motif in two segments, Sm1 and Sm2, separated by a short variable linker. Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes, D3B and D1D2, show that these proteins have a common fold containing an N-terminal helix followed by a strongly bent five-stranded antiparallel beta sheet, and the D1D2 and D3B dimers superpose closely in their core regions, including the dimer interfaces. The crystal structures suggest that the seven Sm proteins could form a closed ring and the snRNAs may be bound in the positively charged central hole.  (+info)

Resonance energy flow dynamics of coherently delocalized excitons in biological and macromolecular systems: Recent theoretical advances and open issues
TY - CHAP. T1 - Control of Metabolism by Dynamic Macromolecular Interactions. AU - Keleti, T.. AU - OvÁdi, J.. PY - 1988/1/1. Y1 - 1988/1/1. N2 - This chapter discusses the control of metabolism by dynamic macromolecular interactions. Metabolic pathways are controlled and directed by pacemaker, bottleneck, and key enzymes. In general, no single enzyme is responsible for the control of a whole metabolic pathway. In pursuing the pacemaker theory, attempts are made to quantify metabolic regulation, and one studies each enzyme in a sequence separately in situ, determines its kinetic properties in the greatest possible detail and accuracy, and then seeks to determine how it works when it is in the intact cell. In prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the largest macrocompartment is the cytoplasm, containing quantities of soluble enzymes and is full of membranes associated with a great variety of organelles. A theoretical analysis of glycolysis in human erythrocytes has been provided, implicitly assuming ...
The four types of macromolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. These macromolecules are large molecules that make up most of the bodies of living things. They consist of...
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane.
acids. In a nutshell, a macromolecule is a very large molecule consisting of many smaller structural units linked together (like how a train is made up multiple cars linked together). All biological macromolecules are made up of a small number of elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. All cells and their organelles are made up of these four macromolecules and each type has its own specific properties and functions. In your main post, in order to help you remember the different types of macromolecules and their general structure and function, I would like you to create 2 different types of analogies for each type of macromolecule (a total of 8 analogies).. Science. ...
Research in our laboratory seeks to fuse computational and experimental efforts to investigate proteins, the fundamental molecules of biology, and their interactions with small molecule substrates, therapeutics, or probes. We develop computational methods with three major ambitions in mind: 1) to enable protein structure elucidation of membrane proteins the primary target of most therapeutics and large macromolecular complexes such as viruses; 2) design proteins with novel structure and/or function to explore novel approaches to protein therapeutics and deepen our understanding of protein folding pathways, and 3) understand the relation between chemical structure and biological activity quantitatively in order to design more efficient and more specific drugs. Crucial for our success is the experimental validation of our computational approaches which we pursue in our laboratory or in collaboration with other scientists ...
We have formed the HIVE Center to characterize at the atomic level the structural and dynamic relationships between interacting macromolecules in the HIV life c...
Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms. Molecules of Life Macromolecules are large organic molecules which are carbon-based 4 Types: Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Lipids Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms.
Today, most macromolecules are delivered in traditional invasive injectable formats, which often results in poor patient compliance and are therefore not the most suitable route for long-term treatment. Although oral delivery remains the preferred route for developers of new therapies, it poses a variety of development challenges to formulation scientists, for example:. ...
Get Macromolecule essential facts. View Videos or join the Macromolecule discussion. Add Macromolecule to your PopFlock.com topic list or share. Macromolecule at popflock.com
This session is dedicated to investigations of novel phenomena at the nanoscale, including unique chemistry, physics, assembly, and structuring, particularly leading to enhanced or unusual properties. Theoretical, computational, and experimental papers are welcome, as well as work aimed at emerging technologies that may arise from nanoscale phenomena. ***Note to faculty candidates: please include a note to the session chair during submission to alert them to your status*** +++Note: this session will be sorted jointly with Nanoscale Structure in Polymers and Polymer Thin Films, Confinement, and Interfaces. Authors may submit to either session.+++. ...
View Notes - Lecture 3 from BIOL 1103 at Carleton CA. 3. Biomacromolecules Iain McKinnell Dept Biology Read your Purple Pages Chemistry of life: Atoms smallest units of matter that can undergo
While antibodies are a major extracellular tool of the highest specificity to answer important biomedical questions, the improvements in electroporation discussed below may make it feasible to also use antibodies as an intracellular deletion tool to study (a) viruses inside the cell, (b) cancer cells, (c) signal transduction, (d) genetics, (e) metabolism, and (f) other structures and mechanisms. Already, others have succeeded in depositing macromolecules, including antibodies (Abs), and nucleic acids inside cells, using many techniques, including electroporation (EP). However, EP has limitations that have precluded its widespread use, particularly its high kill rate for cells and the low percentage of cells that are able to incorporate macromolecules. If these limitations could be overcome for Abs and nucleic acids, then it would be practical to use them as highly specific probes for intracellular molecules. In our experiments using EP, we were able to largely prevent lethality for cells during ...
Herpesviruses assemble in a complex order of consecutive and convoluted morphogenesis events that involve large macromolecular complexes interacting with host-derived membranes. Advances in structural methods allow us now to characterize these transitional states in-situ. Unfortunately, the kinetics and dynamics of these processes often remain unstudied because purification for classical biochemistry usually disables the superstructures and ensemble assays lack resolution. For these reasons, very little is known about the in-situ dynamics and kinetics of herpesvirus assembly intermediates at single-particle resolution. This information is, however, crucial to mechanistically understand the effect of pharmacological inhibitors on virus productivity. To fill this gap, the group Quantitative and Molecular Virology at the MHH & the CSSB develops functional assays to quantify and mechanistically describe the kinetics and dynamics of viral macromolecular complexes in living cells at the single ...
Sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge is a matrix free solution technique with no immobilisation, columns, or membranes required and can be used to study self-association and complex or
Standard experimental techniques for determining the structure of small to moderately-sized molecules are difficult to apply to large macromolecular complexes. These complexes, consisting of multiple protein
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) in 2008. Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 13.1 million deaths in 2030. Lung, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year.Conjugation of cytotoxic drugs with macromolecules improves their pharmacokinetic profile, prolonging the distribution and elimination phases. Furthermore, the slow release of active drug from the carrier may result in sustained high intratumoral drug levels and lower plasma concentrations of the active drug. In order to achieve this combined effect, a macromolecule-drug conjugate should preferentially release the active drug within the tumor tissue. The following components are essential to reach this goal: a biodegradable linkage, a suitable spacer, and a potent bioactive anticancer agent. Among the most widely studied macromolecules are N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA), ...
Structural Cell BiologyMacromolecular crystallography, in combination with other biophysical and biochemical techniques, is the most powerful tool currently available for obtaining the high resolution information necessary to understand the details of the macromolecular interactions governing cell life. Shortly after
Native mass spectrometry can provide insight into the structure of macromolecular biological systems. As analytes under investigation get larger and more complex, instrument capabilities need to be advanced. Herein, modifications to an Orbitrap Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer that increase signal intensity
Article Novel nanoplatform for oral delivery of anti-cancer biomacromolecules. Oral administration of bio-macromolecules is an uphill task and the challenges from varying pH and enzymatic activity are difficult to overcome. In this regard, nanotechno...
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1B1 gene.[1] The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of Na+/K+ and H+/K+ ATPases beta chain proteins, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+-ATPases. Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane protein responsible for establishing and maintaining the electrochemical gradients of Na and K ions across the plasma membrane. These gradients are essential for osmoregulation, for sodium-coupled transport of a variety of organic and inorganic molecules, and for electrical excitability of nerve and muscle. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a large catalytic subunit (alpha) and a smaller glycoprotein subunit (beta). The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane. The glycoprotein subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase is encoded by multiple genes. This gene encodes a beta 1 subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants ...
Author(s): Palovcak, Eugene Joseph | Advisor(s): Cheng, Yifan | Abstract: Biological macromolecules such as enzymes are nanoscale machines. This is true in a concrete sense: if the atomic structure of a biological macromolecule can be obtained, the theories of mechanics and intermolecular forces can be applied to explain how the machine works in terms that engineers would understand, including motors, ratchets, gates and transducers. Nevertheless, biological macromolecules are complex, fragile and extremely small, so obtaining their structures is a challenging experimental endeavor. Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a technique for determining the 3D structure of a biological macromolecule from a large set of 2D electron micrographs of individual structurally-identical particles. To obtain such images, a solution of the macromolecules must be prepared in the frozen-hydrated state, embedded in a thin electron-transparent glassy film of water. This specimen must then be imaged
An introductory look at the molecular visualization software to 3D animation software workflow, with step-by-step tutorials to acquaint the user to three of the popular molecular viewing softwares Chimera, Pymol and VMD. Pre-production tasks done in molecular viewing software to prepare PDB files for import into Maya (via the Molecular Maya plugin) will be discussed, including splitting macromolecules into multiple pieces and rebuilding large macromolecular complexes from separate PDB files.. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. ...
The aim of the course Physical Chemistry of Macromolecular systems is to explain kinetic properties of disperse systems, thermodynamics of polymer solutions and their applications in technologies and other fields. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The texas-sized molecular box. T2 - A versatile building block for the construction of anion-directed mechanically interlocked structures. AU - Rambo, Brett M.. AU - Gong, Han Yuan. AU - Oh, Moonhyun. AU - Sessler, Jonathan L.. PY - 2012/8/21. Y1 - 2012/8/21. N2 - Over the last two decades, researchers have focused on the synthesis and development of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). The intramolecular motion of mechanical bonds and the ability to induce this effect with the choice of the proper external stimuli has prompted the development of macromolecular systems that possess the ability to perform work at the molecular level. Currently, researchers are working to incorporate interlocked species into complex structural systems, such as molecular frameworks and nanoparticles, and to create ever more elegant noncovalent architectures. This effort provides an incentive to generate new building blocks for the construction of MIMs. In this Account, we describe progress ...
In contrast to other methods used to analyze macromolecules, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) enables characterization of samples in their native state under biologically relevant solution conditions. AUC is the most versatile, rigorous and accurate technology available for determining the molecular weight, hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties of a protein or other macromolecule. It can be used to investigate nearly any type of molecule or particle over a wide range of concentrations and in a diverse variety of solvents. For many research questions, there is no satisfactory analytical substitute for AUC.. ...
In contrast to other methods used to analyze macromolecules, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) enables characterization of samples in their native state under biologically relevant solution conditions. AUC is the most versatile, rigorous and accurate technology available for determining the molecular weight, hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties of a protein or other macromolecule. It can be used to investigate nearly any type of molecule or particle over a wide range of concentrations and in a diverse variety of solvents. For many research questions, there is no satisfactory analytical substitute for AUC.. ...
Download Art 4 (PDF). Key words: N, N-dimethylacrylamide; 3, 9-divinyl-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxaspiro(5.5)undecane; radical polymerization; smart macromolecular systems. 5. Loredana E. NITA, Aurica P. CHIRIAC, Manuela T. NISTOR and Iordana NEAMTU ...
2011Macromolecular Systems in Soft and Living Matters, Dhont,J.K.G.; Gompper,G.; Lang,P.R.; Richter,R.; Ripoll,M.; Willbold,D.; Zorn,R., Jülich, Lecture Notes of the 42nd IFF Spring School 2011, Schriften des Forschungszentrum Jülich, 2011, Reihe Schlüsseltechnologien, Vol. 20, ISBN 978-3-89336-688-0, D1.1-D1.20 BibTeX , EndNote: XML, Text , RIS http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Contribution to a conference proceedings/Contribution to a book Gensch, T. ; Kaschuba, D. ...
CMCF is an umbrella facility which operates two beamlines, CMCF-ID and CMCF-BM, at the Canadian Light Source. Together, both beamlines enable high-resolution structural studies of proteins, nucleic acids and other macromolecules, satisfying the requirements of the most challenging and diverse crystallographic experiments.
To fully understand a molecule, you first need to learn what it looks like, and then, how it moves. This isnt easy. Ive talked before about how unusual biological molecules can be if youre accustomed to thinking of real-world objects. They are fundamentally flexible and dynamic in a way that everyday objects arent. They move chaotically, at lightning speed, crashing through a molecular mosh pit on the sub-microscopic scale. Protein and nucleic acid macromolecules are… Continue reading ...
A technique for identifying folding patterns of proteins using mass spectrometry that is potentially faster and requires less sample than X-ray crystallographic or NMR methods has been developed by B.W. Gibson and I.D. Kuntz. They believe the time needed to determine the fold family of a protein can be reduced to one week and that less than 10mg of protein may be required to elucidate macromolecular interactions, and multiple conformational states, and to contribute to the design of protein mimetics ...
MNA-G has a MW=16,000 and MNA-M has a doublet of MW=15,000 and 16,000 when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Higher molecular weight species (>5 million Da) are present in samples analyzed by gel filtration ...
Our laboratory is committed to understanding the fundamental mechanisms by which membrane proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules are transported throughout eukaryotic cells. To do so, we take advantage of numerous interdisciplinary approaches, including genetics, biochemistry, structural biology, biophysics, molecular biology and high-resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy.. Additionally, we use a variety of experimental systems, ranging from simple animal models (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans) to human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also aim to recapitulate individual steps of membrane transport in vitro, using recombinant proteins and chemically defined lipids. Our ultimate goal is to identify the regulatory pathways that control membrane deformation, which enable vesicle formation in the endosomal and secretory systems. Although basic research is the cornerstone of our program, we also seek to define pathomechanisms that underlie human disease, focusing on the impact of ...
Compendium of XAFS beamlines in Europe. This compendium of XAFS beamlines is mantained by the Commission on XAFS of the IUCr as a service to the scientific community. We list beamlines on which measurements of XAFS and related techniques, both in the soft and in the hard x-ray regions, are possible; the widest possible range of applications is considered. Both presently operating beamlines and those which are in the construction, commissioning or design phase are included.. See our list of acronyms.. The data is listed to the best of our knowledge; most of it has been obtained from facility websites and in ...
MTs are cylindrical polymers 25 nanometers (nm = 10-9 meter) in diameter, comprised of 13 longitudinal protofilaments which are each chains of the protein tubulin (Figure 8). Each tubulin is a peanut-shaped dimer (8 nm by 4 nm by 5 nm) which consists of two slightly different monomers known as alpha and beta tubulin, (each 4 nm by 4 nm by 5 nm, weighing 55,000 daltons). Tubulin subunits within MTs are arranged in a hexagonal lattice which is slightly twisted, resulting in differing neighbor relationships among each subunit and its six nearest neighbors (Figure 9). Thus pathways along contiguous tubulins form helical pathways which repeat every 3, 5 and 8 rows (the Fibonacci series). Alpha tubulin monomers are more negatively charged than beta monomers, so each tubulin (and each MT as a whole) is a ferroelectric dipole with positive (beta monomer) and negative (alpha monomer) ends.[xxiii ...
Gene Information GEMIN6 is part of a large macromolecular complex localized to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus that plays a role in the cytoplasmic assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Other members of this complex include SMN (MIM 600354) GEMIN2 (SIP1; MIM 602595) GEMIN3 (DDX20; MIM 606168) GEMIN4 (MIM 606969) and GEMIN5 (MIM 607005).[supplied by OMIM Jul 2002]. ...
Mistake computations and statistical analysis were applied from a book whose writers were Hibbert, D.B & A ; Gooding J.J ( 2006 ) . All the mistakes were in 95 % assurance interval. Specifications of membrane and belongingss of H2O did non incorporate any mistake due to they were measured under standard conditions.. DecisionIn a nutshell, dead terminal membrane filtration is a good method to extinguish H2O out if coveted merchandise is collected from membrane surface. Although it is really expensive and requires high applied force per unit area to keep filtration public presentation, it is able to bring forth high quality and concentrated merchandise. From H2O and yeast solution testings, membrane and bar opposition could be estimated. This experiment besides could look into filtration behavior and macromolecular system based on informations aggregation.. The filtrate volume as a map of clip was used to look into the fouling theoretical account on membrane. In this experiment, the bar was ...
Background: To understand the mechanism by which a protein transmits a signal through the cell membrane, an understanding of the flexibility of its transmembrane (TM) region is essential. Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) has become the method of choice to investigate the slowest motions in macromolecular systems. It has been widely used to study transmembrane channels and pumps. It relies on the hypothesis that the vibrational normal modes having the lowest frequencies (also named soft modes) describe the largest movements in a protein and are the ones that are functionally relevant. In particular NMA can be used to study dynamics of TM regions, but no tool making this approach available for non-experts, has been available so far.. Results: We developed the web-application [email protected] (TransMembrane α-helical Mobility analyzer). It uses NMA to characterize the propensity of transmembrane α-helices to be displaced. Starting from a structure file at the PDB format, the server computes the normal modes of the ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular aspects of lens cell differentiation. AU - Papaconstantinou, John. PY - 1967/1/1. Y1 - 1967/1/1. N2 - I have presented a series of observations on macromolecular interactions which occur during the terminal stages of lens cell differentiation. These are summarized in Fig. 2. Other cell types that undergo similar changes are the erythrocyte and skin cells (epidermis) during the process of keratinization. These other cells are also involved in the synthesis of highly specific proteins, and there are indications that molecular alterations similar to those described for the lens may also occur in these cells (26). Thus, elucidation of a specific series of macromolecular interactions such as those described may provide a basis for the biochemical definition of the terminal stages of cellular differentiation. Differentiation of the reticulocyte, for example, involves inactivation of the nucleus, stabilization of mRNA, and possibly a ribosomal breakdown such as I have ...
Page contains details about iota carrageenan-FeII supramolecular complexes . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com
Salie, Zhe Li; Kirby, Karen A; Michailidis, Eleftherios et al. (2016) Structural basis of HIV inhibition by translocation-defective RT inhibitor 4-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2-deoxyadenosine (EFdA). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:9274-9 ...
2BZA: Non-Boltzmann thermodynamic integration (NBTI) for macromolecular systems: relative free energy of binding of trypsin to benzamidine and benzylamine.
Secretory granules contain specific proteins and other macromolecules that are destined for secretion into the extracellular space. This slide shows secretory granules in pancreatic acinar cells. Their size is approximately 1 µm in diameter, and they accumulate on the apical side of the cell above the nucleus. ...
Tripisciano, C.; Kozynchenko, O.P.; Linsberger, I.; Phillips, G.J.; Howell, C.A.; Sandeman, S.R.; Tennison, S.R.; Mikhalovsky, S.V.; Weber, V.; Falkenhagen D. (2011). Activation-dependent adsorption of cytokines and toxins related to liver failure to carbon beads. Biomacromolecules, 12(10): 3733-3740 ...
Question 8: In some protein assemblies, one subunit may be referred to as a regulatory subunit and another as a catalytic subunit. An enzyme composed of both regulatory and catalytic subunits when assembled is often referred to as a ________. ...
A user manual is located next to the machine. Beckman also provide An Introduction to Analytical Ultracentrifugation written by G. Ralston and Self-Associating Systems in the Analytical Ultracentrifuge written by D.K. McRorie and P.J. Voelker both of which provide helpful suggestions for setting up experiments.. ...
We had hoped that 2006 would be a calm year for the MX Group, used for consolidation of the work performed during 2005. Of course this has not proven to be the case! During 2006, the MX beamlines welcomed over 2000 visitors carrying out more than 660 separate experimental sessions. Moreover, and as predicted, the availability of sample changing robots has fundamentally altered the way in which the beamlines are used: in the period 1st April to 16th December 2006, the sample changers were used to mount around 13,000 crystals. The availability of sample changers means that users can either screen large numbers of samples before collecting data from the best possible crystal or, in the case of pre-screened samples, collect many datasets very rapidly indeed. Such an intensive use of the beamlines means they must be highly reliable. That they continue to remain so is a tribute to the work of all the members of the MX Group (particularly our technical staff) and the support groups with whom we ...
PA28 Activator gamma Subunit/PSME3 RNAi available through Novus Biologicals. Browse our PA28 Activator gamma Subunit/PSME3 RNAi catalog backed by our Guarantee+.
The MSKC hosts a number of guest researchers who utilize our facilities for protein production and structural studies. Below, a list of actively underway or concluded projects.
Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , QED \ Anti-Cholera toxin beta subunit \ 20202 for more molecular products just contact us
... and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites ... "Catalysis of the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of the membrane to the other." " ... Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5." "Catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant ... Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is ...
... s are carbon-based macromolecular substances, that can be found in soil chemistry or as a by-product from saccharide-based ... Due to their very complex molecular structure, humic substances, including humin, do not correspond to pure substances but ... 2010-02-01). "Humin-like substances formed under the conditions of industrial hydrolysis of wood". Russian Journal of Applied ... Humins are not considered to be a dangerous substance according to officially recognized hazardous material classification ...
Such covalent substances are usually gases, for example, HCl, SO2, CO2, and CH4. In molecular structures, there are weak forces ... Macromolecular structures have large numbers of atoms linked by covalent bonds in chains, including synthetic polymers such as ... Such covalent substances are low-boiling-temperature liquids (such as ethanol), and low-melting-temperature solids (such as ... There are several types of structures for covalent substances, including individual molecules, molecular structures, ...
... conducted extensive research of the regularities of the dynamics of low-molecular weight additives in macromolecular substances ... Kovarski new methods for the research of magnetic nanoparticles aggregation in dispersions and macromolecular adsorption on ...
... macromolecular substances D06 - hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists D07 - none (enzymes and coenzymes) D08 ...
The statutes of the GFP set out the following goals: the advancement and dissemination of studies on macromolecular substances ...
... s are a chemically diverse set of substances that range in size from organic small molecules to macromolecular ... These natural toxins include some of the most poisonous substances known. Artificial inhibitors are often used as drugs, but ... "Approaches to the description and prediction of the binding affinity of small-molecule ligands to macromolecular receptors". ...
... based on a highly specific macromolecular binding interaction between the biomolecule and another substance. The specific type ... Carbohydrate bonding is most often used with glycoproteins or any other carbohydrate-containing substance; carbohydrate is used ...
The Differentiation and Specificity of Corresponding Proteins and other Vital Substances in Relation to Biological ... It contained beta sheet (antiparallel) as well as helices, and was also the first macromolecular structure to have its atomic ... Richardson JS, Richardson DC (2014). "Biophysical highlights from 54 years of macromolecular crystallography". Biophysical ...
He also proposed the association theory which claimed that the substances such as cellulose or starch that we now know are ... It remained the most popular explanation until Hermann Staudinger's macromolecular theory of 1920s. Elected an Honorary Fellow ...
Macromolecular Symposia. 57 (1): 1-13. doi:10.1002/masy.19920570103. Brooks, Amy L.; Wang, Shunli; Jambeck, Jenna R. (June 2018 ... Victorin, K; Stahlberg, M; Ahlborg, U (June 1988). "Emission of mutagenic substances from waste incineration plants". Waste ... Schyns, Zoé O. G.; Shaver, Michael P. (February 2021). "Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review". Macromolecular ... Schyns, Zoé O. G.; Shaver, Michael P. (February 2021). "Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review". Macromolecular ...
In: Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A - Chemistry. 16, 2006, p. 1463-1472, doi:10.1080/00222338108063248. Theodor Weyl ... the 26th time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances ... the 26th time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances ...
... unique small molecule chemical structures PubChem Substance: deposited chemical substance records Genome Project: genome ... three-dimensional macromolecular structures Taxonomy: organisms in GenBank Taxonomy dbSNP: single nucleotide polymorphism Gene ... bioactivity screens of chemical substances Probe: sequence-specific reagents NLM Catalog: NLM bibliographic data for over 1.2 ...
... for his fundamental works on the macromolecular conformation and the validation of macromolecular structures by means of the ' ... "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances." The substances included ... 233, 223 (1971) Meyer, E. F. Jr (1971). Interactive computer display for the three-dimensional study of macromolecular ... à plusieurs genres de substances cristallisées, Chez Gogué et Née de La Rochelle, Paris Haüy, R.J. (1795). Leçons de Physique, ...
2010). "Hydrophobic substances induce water stress in microbial cells". Microbial Biotechnology. 3 (6): 701-716. doi:10.1111/j. ... even though they partition into the hydrophobic domains of macromolecular systems. Hamaguchi & Geiduschek (1962). "The Effect ... According to the original usage and work carried out on cellular stress mechanisms and responses, chaotropic substances do not ... Furthermore, hydrophobic substances known to stress cellular systems (including benzene and toluene) can chaotropically ...
Extracellular polymeric substance Microneme Mucilage Nan, Beiyan (February 2017). "Bacterial gliding motility: Rolling out a ... Energized nano-machinery or large macromolecular assemblies located on the bacterium's cell body. "Focal adhesion complexes" ...
His work in macromolecular synthesis underlies the development of "smart" materials, which respond to external cues like ... Recognizing that most synthetic polymers are mixtures, rather than pure substances, he developed pioneering techniques for the ... Tirrell, David A. (2008). "Reinterpreting the Genetic Code: Implications for macromolecular design, evolution and analysis". In ...
"Unusual Names Assigned to Chemical Substances" presented at the 101-st National Meeting of the ACS on April 14, 1986, and ... as member of the Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature (1987-1999). Metanomski participated in the IUPAC as secretary of ...
The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its ... This high concentration of macromolecules in cytosol causes an effect called macromolecular crowding, which is when the ... Hoppert M, Mayer F (1999). "Principles of macromolecular organization and cell function in bacteria and archaea". Cell Biochem ... The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular ...
Examples of such substances are xanthan and guar gum. Destabilization can be accomplished by different methods: Removal of the ... Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-1-84755-942-5. OCLC 406528399. ... If this is the case, then the colloidal particles will repel or only weakly attract each other, and the substance will remain a ... From page 183: "As gelatine appears to be its type, it is proposed to designate substances of the class as colloids, and to ...
Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology Chemistry and Technology of biologically active substances Technology of drugs Technology ... of organometallic compounds Chemical technology of natural energy and carbon materials Chemical Technology of Macromolecular ... and biological synthesis of various types of lipids and their complexes with a variety of biologically active substances, the ...
Linus Pauling and J. H. Sturdivant (1937): "The Structure of Cyameluric Acid, Hydromelonic Acid and Related Substances". ... Tamikuni Komatsu (2001): "The First Synthesis and Characterization of Cyameluric High Polymers". Macromolecular Chemistry and ...
We call homologous substances those that have the same chemical properties and whose composition offers certain analogies in ... Saarela, K. (2013-10-22). Macromolecular Chemistry-8: Plenary and Main Lectures Presented at the International Symposium on ... Nous appelons substances homologues celles qui jouissent des même propriétés chimiques et dont la composition offre certaines ... ISBN 978-1-4832-8025-7. Charles Gerhardt (1843) "Sur la classification chimique des substances organiques" (On the chemical ...
Alternatively, the fibers, along with other extracted substances, can be processed chemically or digested to produce ethanol ... Characterization and properties". Die Angewandte makromolekulare Chemie: Applied macromolecular chemistry and physics. Hüthig ... and other useful substances. Maurizio Avella; Claudio Bozzi; Ramiro dell'Erba; Bonaventura Focher; Annamaria Marzetti; Ezio ...
Macromolecular components of respiratory secretions (proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, nucleic acids) are converted to nutrients ... Secondly, they are able to produce antibacterial substances called bacteriocins which inhibit the growth of pathogens. Genera ...
Just which of the multitudinous substances present in a nucleus will constitute a part of the extracted material partly depends ... The term, introduced by Walther Flemming, has multiple meanings: Simple and concise definition: Chromatin is a macromolecular ...
The membrane is semi-permeable, and selectively permeable, in that it can either let a substance (molecule or ion) pass through ... Embedded within this membrane is a macromolecular structure called the porosome the universal secretory portal in cells and a ... Vacuoles of plant cells are surrounded by tonoplast which helps in transport of ions and other substances against concentration ...
The main components of the cytoplasm are cytosol (a gel-like substance), the organelles (the cell's internal sub-structures), ... an effect called macromolecular crowding occurs and the cytosol does not act as an ideal solution. This crowding effect alters ... The inclusions are small particles of insoluble substances suspended in the cytosol. A huge range of inclusions exist in ... The submicroscopic ground cell substance or cytoplasmic matrix which remains after exclusion of the cell organelles and ...
Macromolecular structure and function is dependent on the net effect of these forces (see protein folding), therefore it ... Antichaotropic salts such as ammonium sulphate can be used to precipitate substances from the impure mixture. This is used in ... A chaotropic agent is a substance which disrupts the structure of, and denatures, macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic ... "Hydrophobic substances induce water stress in microbial cells". Microbial Biotechnology. 3 (6): 701-716. doi:10.1111/j.1751- ...
Prior to the development of macromolecular theory by Hermann Staudinger in the 1920s, which stated that individual polymers are ... is a theory first advanced by chemist Thomas Graham in 1861 to describe the molecular structure of colloidal substances such as ...
Macromolecular Symposia. 54-55 (1): 509-518. doi:10.1002/masy.19920540138. Bishop, Charles A., ed. (2007). Vacuum deposition ... Plant-derived cellulose is usually found in a mixture with hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and other substances, while bacterial ...
The primary functions of the liver include removing toxic substances from the blood, manufacturing blood proteins, storing ... Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 211 (6): 657-668. doi:10.1002/macp.200900425. Koshy, Sandeep T.; Zhang, David K.Y.; ... Immobilisation of specific ligands onto cryogels enables adsorption of specific substances, supporting their use as treatment ... Splanchnic vasodilatation triggers the production of endogenous vasoactive substances that produce renal vasoconstriction and ...
... substance P - substrate - sugar - sulfur - supercoil - superfamily - superoxide - surface immunoglobulin - surface plasmon ... macromolecular system - macromolecule - macrophage colony-stimulating factor - major histocompatibility complex - Malpighi body ...
Amorphous substances such as starch and cellulose were proposed to consist of building blocks, packed in a loosely crystalline ... Walter H, Brooks DE (March 1995). "Phase separation in cytoplasm, due to macromolecular crowding, is the basis for ... Iborra FJ (April 2007). "Can visco-elastic phase separation, macromolecular crowding and colloidal physics explain nuclear ... "colloidal organic substances", and which Oparin referred to as 'coacervates' (after de Jong ) - particles composed of two or ...
The viral genome is around 2500 nm in length, so it is tightly packaged within the capsid along with substances such as sodium ... essentially the macromolecular synthesis of cell proteins is shut off. Over the next 1-2 hours, a loss of margination of ...
... buds have been listed as one of the 38 substances used to prepare Bach flower remedies, a kind of alternative medicine ... Pasch, H. (2002). "Considerations on the macromolecular structure of chestnut ellagitannins by matrix-assisted laser desorption ...
This is the case for numerous substances known as non-Newtonian fluids. Among these are gels, and dilatant fluids, ... Dynamical mechanisms of influence of alternating electromagnetic fields on macromolecular and cooperative systems (Doktor ... Dynamical mechanisms of influence of alternating electromagnetic fields on macromolecular and cooperative systems (Doktor ...
This plan also manages and monitors the substances used around the produce, the maintenance needed to protect the produce, and ... macromolecular biosynthesis, and respiration. It is needed for root ramification and strength and seed formation, and can ...
Purely inorganic substances such as iron are often required in essential organic reactions, e.g. oxygen binding in the ... Members of the Lippard laboratory studying macromolecular crystallography have explored the structure, mechanisms and activity ... He is considered one of the founders of bioinorganic chemistry, studying the interactions of nonliving substances such as ...
In this reaction, 90% of substance A is converted (consumed), but only 80% of the 90% is converted to the desired substance B ... Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 202 (12): 2614-2622. doi:10.1002/1521-3935(20010801)202:12. 3.0.CO;2-E. Wayne F. Reed, ... and 20% to undesired by-products C. So, conversion of A is 90%, selectivity for B 80% and yield of substance B 72%. Werner ...
He found the formula for vinyl by mixing a few synthetic polymers, and the result was a substance that was elastic, but wasn't ... Semon, Waldo L.; Stahl, G. Allan (April 1981). "History of Vinyl Chloride Polymers". Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A ... He did invent an indigestible synthetic rubber substance that could be used as a bubble gum (and produced exceptionally large ...
In the early 1880s Albrecht Kossel further purified the substance and discovered its highly acidic properties. He later also ... Elson D (1965). "Metabolism of Nucleic Acids (Macromolecular DNA and RNA)". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 34: 449-86. doi: ...
McNair JB (1932). "The interrelation between substances in plants: essential oils and resins, cyanogen and oxalate". Am J Bot. ... and lipids or macromolecular membrane structures. Druses may also have some purpose in calcium regulation. Idioblast Raphide ...
Sols consist of a substance evenly distributed in another substance, also known as a colloid. However, smaller grained sols, ... fractionation of macromolecules and macromolecular complexes, etc. Centrifugation is used in many different ways in the food ... not only is this process used to separate two miscible substances, but also to analyze the hydrodynamic properties of ... to identify and characterize macromolecular conformational changes, and to calculate equilibrium constants and thermodynamic ...
Elias's Trends in Macromolecular Science (Midland Macromolecular Monographs, vol. 1, Gordon & Breach, New York / London, 1973) ... 1963 - Chemistry and Physics of Rubberlike Substances - co-author. Editor: Leslie Bateman, then director of the Natural Rubber ...
The first such substance approved for therapeutic use was biosynthetic "human" insulin made via recombinant DNA. Sometimes ... the terms biological medicinal products or therapeutic biological product to refer specifically to engineered macromolecular ... In the European Union, a biological medicinal product is one of the active substance(s) produced from or extracted from a ... Biologics can be composed of sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, or complex combinations of these substances, or may be living ...
Inferring the mind to arrange experience of the world into substance, space, and time, Kant placed the mind as part of the ... This yielded to macromolecular theory, the term macromolecule introduced by German chemist Hermann Staudinger in 1922 (Morange ... A classic case is the aether, a substance that was supposed by nineteenth-century physicists to permeate all space and make it ... Fourth, when critical of the reality of atoms, he normally meant the Greek sense of 'indivisible substance' and thought ...
O'Dell TJ, Hawkins RD, Kandel ER, Arancio O (December 1991). "Tests of the roles of two diffusible substances in long-term ... Matthies, H. (1988). "Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation and Macromolecular Changes in Memory Formation". Synaptic Plasticity in ...
The thermodynamically more stable 2-sulfolene can be isolated from the mixture of isomers as pure substance in the form of ... E. J. Goethals (1967). "On the polymerization and copolymerization of sulfolenes". Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 109 (1 ...
... substance of very high concern) banned from manufacturing and application in May 2013. Phosphorus-based isosorbide compounds, ... Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics (in German). 202 (17): 3410-3419. doi:10.1002/1521-3935(20011101)202:17. 3.0.CO;2-Q0 ( ... Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 212 (19): 2114-2120. doi:10.1002/macp.201100146. Hani MA, Chatti S, Kricheldorf HR, ...
Along with other substances associated with early embryos, EPF is believed to play a role in preventing the immune system of ... GroES+Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 3D macromolecular structures of GroES in ... Rolfe BE, Morton H, Cavanagh AC, Gardiner RA (Mar 1983). "Detection of an early pregnancy factor-like substance in sera of ... Because the rosette inhibition assay for EPF is indirect, substances that have similar effects may confound the test. Pig semen ...
The name of the substance is derived by contraction from the genus Anacardium, which includes the cashew tree, Anacardium ... Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 21 (8): 496-499. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3927(20000501)21:8. 3.0.CO;2-G. Scott G (2003). ...
Since the first evidence of a macromolecular array on a bacterial cell wall fragment in the 1950s S-layer structure has been ... and phagocytosis resistance against low pH barrier against high-molecular-weight substances (e.g., lytic enzymes) adhesion (for ... Houwink, AL (1953). "A macromolecular mono-layer in the cell wall of Spirillum spec". Biochim Biophys Acta. 10 (3): 360-6. doi: ...
Biocides; (macromolecular substances as carriers for biocide material A01N 25/10)} [2013-01] ... Biocides (macromolecular substances as carriers for biocide material A01N 25/10) [2018-01] ... Ingredients treated with organic substances {(treated with macromolecular compounds C08K 9/08)} [2013-01] ... Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, ...
Results of search for su:{Macromolecular Substances.} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ...
Macromolecular Substances / chemical synthesis * Macromolecular Substances / chemistry * Molecular Structure * Solvents / ...
D05 - Macromolecular Substances. Keratin. Keratins. Molecular Motors. Molecular Motor Proteins. D06 - Hormones, Hormone ...
Macromolecular Substances [D05]. *Polymers [D05.750]. *Plastics [D05.750.716]. *Polyethylenes [D05.750.716.507]. * ...
Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances. 02. Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other ... Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances. 02. Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other ... Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances. 02. Making solutions, dispersions or lattices by other methods ... Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances. 02. Making solutions, dispersions or lattices by other methods ...
2 Macromolecular Substances * 2 Molecular Weight * 1 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology * 1 Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ...
... includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of ... any of various polysaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch; a tasteless and odorless gummy substance that is used as a ... a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of ...
... includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of ...
Macromolecular Substances Medicine & Life Sciences 11% * Ischemic Preconditioning Medicine & Life Sciences 10% ... over the basis of ischemic preconditioning by demonstrating that SDH is a component of mitoKATP as part of a macromolecular ... over the basis of ischemic preconditioning by demonstrating that SDH is a component of mitoKATP as part of a macromolecular ... over the basis of ischemic preconditioning by demonstrating that SDH is a component of mitoKATP as part of a macromolecular ...
Macromolecular Substances [D05]. *Polymers [D05.750]. *Plastics [D05.750.716]. *Resins, Synthetic [D05.750.716.822] ...
Both antibodies and enzymes are macromolecular substances, each performing different missions in the long evolutionary process ... Enzymes can highly selectively combine substances with specific structures in the chemical reaction process, thereby greatly ...
Macromolecular Substances [D05]. *Polymers [D05.750]. *Plastics [D05.750.716]. *Resins, Synthetic [D05.750.716.822] ...
i,n,/i,-Alkanoic compounds in sulphur-rich macromolecular substances: A detailed investigation of sulphur incorporation and ... Organic pollutants associated with macromolecular soil organic matter: Mode of binding , Organic Geochemistry, 26 , pp. 745-758 ... Metabolites of xenobiotica and mineral oil constituents linked to macromolecular organic matter in polluted environments , ...
Most of the extracellular enzymes are hydrolases, which can degrade macromolecular substances into small molecular substances ... and size of the core materials inherent in the nanomaterials and the modification groups and loaded antibacterial substances. ...
Macromolecular Structure 58% * Macromolecular Substances 31% * Eukaryotic Cells 24% * Physiological Phenomena 23% ...
Macromolecular Substances [D05]. *Polymers [D05.750]. *Polyphloretin Phosphate [D05.750.795]. *Biomedical and Dental Materials ...
C08J9/04-Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using ... 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16 * 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims ... 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22 * 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 ... 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4 * 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims ...
Macromolecular Substances Medicine & Life Sciences 89% * Histidine Medicine & Life Sciences 70% * Interleukin-8 Medicine & Life ... N2 - Hydrogen-bonding and ionic interactions play fundamental roles in macromolecular recognition and function. In contrast to ... AB - Hydrogen-bonding and ionic interactions play fundamental roles in macromolecular recognition and function. In contrast to ... Hydrogen-bonding and ionic interactions play fundamental roles in macromolecular recognition and function. In contrast to ...
... proteins of the virus in the nucleus of the host cell there may be controlling of the synthesis of macromolecular substances in ...
It also decomposes macromolecular pectin substances into micromolecular substances, absorb them in vivo, and transforms them ... Bast non-cellulosic substances have extremely complicated composition and structure, and the non-cellulosic degradation can be ... Bio-degumming is a process that centers on catalyzing the degradation of non-cellulosic substances by biocatalysts (enzymes) ... the degumming bacterial strain realizes the growth and proliferation through the nutrient substances in the degumming solution ...
... the outcome peaks evidences the presence of a little quantity of substances of various molecular weights in the macromolecular ... The active substance is extracted from animal organs and tissues at 3-7°C, pH 3.0 (cytomedins) or 11.0 (cytamins) for 6 days. ... In this view, it becomes ever more significant to devise technologies securing the safety of such substances and to work out ... Since Cytomedins and Cytamins are water-soluble substances, the fixation of samples was performed not on a microscope slide but ...
Macromolecular Substances [D05] Macromolecular Substances * Polymers [D05.750] Polymers * Plastics [D05.750.716] Plastics ...
Macromolecular Substances. S. van Teeffelen, Shaevitz, J. W., and Gitai, Z., "Image analysis in fluorescence microscopy: ... J. W. Shaevitz, Block, S. M., and Schnitzer, M. J., "Statistical kinetics of macromolecular dynamics.", Biophys J, vol. 89, no ... J. W. Shaevitz, Block, S. M., and Schnitzer, M. J., "Statistical kinetics of macromolecular dynamics.", Biophys J, vol. 89, no ... J. W. Shaevitz, Block, S. M., and Schnitzer, M. J., "Statistical kinetics of macromolecular dynamics.", Biophys J, vol. 89, no ...
Macromolecular Substances [D05] Macromolecular Substances * Multiprotein Complexes [D05.500] Multiprotein Complexes * ...
Macromolecular Substances [D05] Macromolecular Substances * Polymers [D05.750] Polymers * Biopolymers [D05.750.078] Biopolymers ...
Macromolecular Systems. Macromolecular Substances. D24 - IMMUNOLOGIC AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS. Luciferins. Firefly Luciferin. ...
In 2005 the D05 subcategory was recreated by MeSH but with other content: Macromolecular Substances. ...
Macromolecular Systems. Macromolecular Substances. D24 - IMMUNOLOGIC AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS. Luciferins. Firefly Luciferin. ...
Macromolecular Substances. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Membrane Proteins --blood. en_US. ...
  • Sepuru, KM & Rajarathnam, K 2018, ' Distinct Differences in Structural States of Conserved Histidines in Two Related Proteins: NMR Studies of the Chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 in the Free Form and Macromolecular Complexes ', Biochemistry , vol. 57, no. 41, pp. 5969-5977. (utmb.edu)
  • In this view, it becomes ever more significant to devise technologies securing the safety of such substances and to work out effective control methods proving the absence of infectious agents, protooncogenes, prion proteins or other objectionable components in them. (antiaging-systems.com)
  • Finally, we show that in both Drosophila and human cells, ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated, and in Drosophila these proteins are together constituents of a large (700-900 kDa), soluble macromolecular complex. (nyu.edu)
  • ASBT/macromolecular substrate complexes were rapidly internalized in vesicles, localized in early endosomes, dissociated and escaped the vesicular transport while binding of cytoplasmic ileal bile acid binding proteins cause exocytosis of macromolecules and prevented entry into lysosomes. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • They continue to react with each other and their surrounding substances, especially macromolecular nucleic acids and proteins, causing changes in molecular structure. (ybstudy.com)
  • The organic acid and the substances that make up the vinegar aroma and ester aroma pass through the filtration membrane to become permeate and flow out, while the vinegar has micron and sub-micron suspended particles and other macromolecular proteins and bacterial substances are blocked by the filter membrane. (jiuwumembrane.com)
  • these substances, in both rodents and humans. (cdc.gov)
  • However, unlike small molecules, which are typically synthesized and used as discreet, homogeneous compounds, polymeric and macromolecular materials are usually synthesized and used as a heterogeneous distribution of compounds of the same structural motif but varying size. (macalester.edu)
  • Toxic substances that can be excreted with sweat include heavy metals and harmful compounds such as BPA and some types of PCBs. (amalislam.com)
  • Multilayer capsules with cell-like topology: Fabrication and spontaneous loading of various substances in aqueous and ethanol solutions. (mpg.de)
  • In support of this, a recent study reported that the macromolecular component obtained by aqueous solvent extraction of JBO had anti-influenza activity ( Lee et al. (smadsignaling.com)
  • 2012). However, viscous substances (VS), a macromolecular component extractable by aqueous solvent and produced in the cavity of JBO (JBOVS), are not well-characterized with regard to their chemical and mineral compositions. (smadsignaling.com)
  • Membrane barrier test method for skin corrosion assay utilizes an artificial membrane designed to respond to corrosive substances and may be used to test solids, liquids (with the exception of aqueous materials with a pH between 4.5 and 8.5), and emulsions. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • Other substances too small to act as immunogens on their own (drugs, pesticides, etc) must be coupled to a macromolecular carrier molecule (usually a protein) to become immunogenic and elicit an immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. (systemsbiology.net)
  • Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the crystallization process of a protein macromolecular substance under two different conditions: pure diffusive regime and microgravity conditions present on space laboratories. (strath.ac.uk)
  • However, during the entire brewing process, the starch, cellulose, protein, fat and other macromolecular substances in the raw materials were not completely decomposed, which caused the vinegar to become cloudy and precipitated, which seriously affected the quality of the product and the improvement of commodity grades. (jiuwumembrane.com)
  • Because vinegar contains protein, tanning and colloidal substances, the membrane is easily contaminated and blocked after a period of filtration, resulting in a decrease in membrane flux. (jiuwumembrane.com)
  • this term includes gene products that are parts of macromolecular complexes, by the definition that all members of a complex normally copurify under all except extreme conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polymer and macromolecular chemistry combine to form a highly interdisciplinary field that cuts across all areas of modern chemistry. (macalester.edu)
  • In particular, the preparation of polymeric and macromolecular materials can be used to illustrate many of the fundamental concepts of synthetic chemistry. (macalester.edu)
  • The contemporary epoch is marked by an extraordinary diversity of unfavourable factors affecting the human organism: natural conditions, unbalanced nutrition, environmental factors, external damaging agents including ionising and microwave radiation and toxic substances. (antiaging-systems.com)
  • Sweat glands function to produce sweat which can help remove these toxic substances from the body. (amalislam.com)
  • Kapil and I come to you from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry in Atlanta, Georgia. (cdc.gov)
  • This method is generally used to detect small molecules with fewer epitopes, of course, this method can also be used to detect macromolecular antigens and even antibodies. (pegreviews.com)
  • More than 900 kinds of gaseous substances are involved, mainly including: and various kinds of solvents. (cghzxc.com)
  • Add the adhesive is to enhance the mechanical strength of the glass fiber, mainly used for filtering coarse particles such as macromolecular substance and air dust. (aqingfengfilter2.com)
  • The chemical degumming method centering on soda cooking, which is commonly used at home (China) and abroad, is a process that aims to acquire cellulosic fiber satisfying the follow-up processing requirements by catalyzing the degradation of bast non-cellulosic substances under acidic and high-temperature conditions with some aftertreatment measures. (researchsquare.com)
  • Bio-degumming is a process that centers on catalyzing the degradation of non-cellulosic substances by biocatalysts (enzymes) and aims to obtain the cellulosic fiber satisfying the follow-up processing requirements. (researchsquare.com)
  • Bast non-cellulosic substances have extremely complicated composition and structure, and the non-cellulosic degradation can be realized only through the collaborative action of key enzymes such as pectinase (Zhou et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • A semipermeable membrane is a thin layer of material capable of separating substances when a driving force is applied across the membrane. (rowatertreatment-system.com)
  • Here, we propose a new strategy that uses high-affinity binding macromolecular substrates to functionally transform the membrane transporters so that they behave like receptors, ultimately allowing the apical-basal transport of bound macromolecules. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The test substance is part of a category approach of methylenediphenyl diisocyanates (MDI) with existing data gaps filled according to ECHA guidance on Read Across (ECHA, 2017). (europa.eu)
  • Then a series of complex physical and chemical reactions are initiated, which make complex macromolecular pollutants into simple small molecular safety substances, and achieve the effect of purifying waste gas. (cghzxc.com)
  • The data constrain the macromolecular structure of organics detected in the ice grains and suggest the presence of a thin organic-rich film on top of the oceanic water table, where organic nucleation cores generated by the bursting of bubbles allow the probing of Enceladus' organic inventory in enhanced concentrations. (nature.com)
  • Microbial flocculants are macromolecular substances produced by microorganisms. (springeropen.com)
  • Global market of humic substances has been increasing steadily based on the perception of the multifunctional properties as plant biostimulant, microbial vehicle and plant protective agent against environmental stress. (springeropen.com)
  • Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in ocean systems. (sc.edu)
  • Bile acid based macromolecular substrates were synthesized and allowed to interact with ASBT. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. (systemsbiology.net)
  • Both antibodies and enzymes are macromolecular substances, each performing different missions in the long evolutionary process. (articlesfactory.com)
  • Enzymes can highly selectively combine substances with specific structures in the chemical reaction process, thereby greatly reducing the activation energy of chemical reactions, and catalyzing chemical reactions with high selectivity and efficiency, enabling them to be realized under mild conditions. (articlesfactory.com)
  • High-energy C-band light was used to break the molecular chain of exhaust gas, change the molecular structure of exhaust gas, decompose and oxidize polymer organic matter to produce low-molecular harmless substances, such as water and carbon dioxide. (cghzxc.com)
  • These are the commercial substance which are injected or absorbed into animal tissues to stimulates the production of antibodies. (imedpub.com)
  • In order to avoid reacting chemically with the filtered medium, use the glass fiber without binder to filter organic substances and use the glass fiber with binder to filter inorganic substances. (aqingfengfilter2.com)
  • The fluid component of the saliva is derived from the perfusing blood vessels in proximity to the gland, while the macromolecular composition is derived from secretory granules within the acinar cells. (medscape.com)
  • As a strong catalytic oxidant, ozone can effectively kill bacteria and destroy toxic and harmful substances into harmless substances with low molecular weight. (cghzxc.com)
  • There are lots of harmful substances that may enter the body either through pollution, food, drinks to cosmetics. (amalislam.com)
  • Long-term experience of applying peptide bioregulators extracted from the organs and tissues of young animals has confirmed the high efficacy of this class of substances in various diseases and pathologic states including those not responsive to the treatment with other medications. (antiaging-systems.com)
  • "Therefore, organic fermentation can rupture the cell partitions of tissues and break down macromolecular substances into small molecular substances, thereby releasing a wide range of vitamins or energetic substances," ​ mentioned the researchers. (promodealtoday.com)
  • Table 1 shows a summary of common responses of different plants treated with humic substances against osmotic stress (salinity and drought) and heavy metal toxicity. (springeropen.com)
  • With respect to toxicokinetics, all MDI substances are highly reactive and exhibit strong reactivity with biological nucleophiles which are directly related to the toxicity mode of action. (europa.eu)
  • Accordingly, the toxicokinetic behavior of the substances of the MDI category at the extracellular site of contact is directly responsible its substance toxicity. (europa.eu)
  • Thus, the chemical and toxicokinetic profile of substances of the MDI category is predictive of the toxicity response for all endpoints. (europa.eu)
  • 2016 ). Bioflocculant is a class of biological macromolecular substances with flocculating activity obtained from biological sources (Salehizadeh et al. (springeropen.com)
  • study of the biological macromolecular structure of drug substances (NMR and x-ray structure analysis methods). (olainfarm.com)
  • d) applications of polymer and macromolecular materials to societal needs. (macalester.edu)
  • When detecting macromolecular antigenic substances, due to the influence of steric hindrance, the detection method is not as sensitive as the double antibody sandwich method for detecting macromolecular antigenic substances. (pegreviews.com)
  • The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. (systemsbiology.net)
  • Therefore, the look of book ligands, both little substances and macromolecular conjugates, for learning the chemical substance and natural properties of GPCRs have already been developed with this process, has provided experts with a technique that is even more versatile compared to the traditional medicinal chemical methods. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Chemical priming by humic substances is a promising field tool in plant stress physiology and crop stress management. (springeropen.com)
  • The system is composed of a synthetic macromolecular biobarrier and a chemical detection system, which can detect a test substance. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • In this category, Substances of the MDI category all share similar chemical features namely that they a) all contain high levels of mMDI, and b) contain have at least two aromatic NCO groups that are electronically separated from other aromatic rings by at least a methylene bridge. (europa.eu)
  • It has excellent effects on turbidity reduction, sterilization and separation, concentration and purification of macromolecular substances. (rowatertreatment-system.com)
  • A2A, and A3 receptor functionalized congeners possess yielded macromolecular conjugates, irreversibly binding AR ligands for receptor inactivation and crosslinking, radioactive probes that make use of prosthetic organizations, immobilized ligands for affinity chromatography, and dual-acting ligands that work as binary medicines. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Hydrogen-bonding and ionic interactions play fundamental roles in macromolecular recognition and function. (utmb.edu)
  • Like small molecules as applied in medicines, polymeric and macromolecular materials occupy a central role in maintaining overall societal well-being. (macalester.edu)
  • Synthesis Of Poly Vinyl Chloride/Chlorinated Polypropylene-Active Natural Substance Derivatives For Potential Packaging Materials Application. (researchgate.net)
  • Any substance that can cause a sudden or fundamental change in the genetic material of an organism, making gene mutation or chromosomal aberration above the natural level, is collectively referred to as a mutagen. (ybstudy.com)
  • However, as MAPs are macromolecular substances, the direct method of MAPs organic synthesis will produce by-products, ( fmoc amino acids supply )which will form a heterogeneous body, bringing inconvenience to the later purification work. (omizzur.com)
  • Antigen is a substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response . (imedpub.com)
  • 2003). Due to the common reactivity of the isocyanate group and the relatively similar rate constants for the two substances, it is expected that substances of the MDI category will react similarly. (europa.eu)
  • These results reconcile the controversy over the basis of ischemic preconditioning by demonstrating that SDH is a component of mitoK ATP as part of a macromolecular super-complex. (elsevier.com)
  • Here we report observations of emitted ice grains containing concentrated and complex macromolecular organic material with molecular masses above 200 atomic mass units. (nature.com)
  • Typically, four replicas are produced for each tested substance and its corresponding controls. (plasticsurgerykey.com)
  • However, the active application of animal-derived peptide bioregulators in medicine requires special control over the quality and safety of these substances, since raw material used in their production can contain components hazardous for the human organism. (antiaging-systems.com)
  • The applicable conditions of this method are: macromolecular substances containing multiple antigenic epitopes. (pegreviews.com)
  • With the advent of novel macromolecular medications, the horizon of aerosol drug delivery is expanding to include nonrespiratory conditions (eg, diabetes, analgesia, thyroid disorders, genetic disease). (medscape.com)