Lysosomes. Medical search

A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Ubiquitously expressed integral membrane glycoproteins found in the LYSOSOME.

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles formed by invagination of phagocytized material. They fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes in which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome digest the phagocytized material.

An intracellular proteinase found in a variety of tissue. It has specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. The enzyme is involved in catabolism of cartilage and connective tissue. EC 3.4.23.5. (Formerly EC 3.4.4.23).

The segregation and degradation of damaged or unwanted cytoplasmic constituents by autophagic vacuoles (cytolysosomes) composed of LYSOSOMES containing cellular components in the process of digestion; it plays an important role in BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS of amphibians, in the removal of bone by osteoclasts, and in the degradation of normal cell components in nutritional deficiency states.

An abundant lysosomal-associated membrane protein that has been found to shuttle between LYSOSOMES; ENDOSOMES; and the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Loss of expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 is associated with GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE IIB.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A group of lysosomal proteinases or endopeptidases found in aqueous extracts of a variety of animal tissues. They function optimally within an acidic pH range. The cathepsins occur as a variety of enzyme subtypes including SERINE PROTEASES; ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; and CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.

A hexosaminidase specific for non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides. It acts on GLUCOSIDES; GALACTOSIDES; and several OLIGOSACCHARIDES. Two specific mammalian isoenzymes of beta-N-acetylhexoaminidase are referred to as HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Deficiency of the type A isoenzyme causes TAY-SACHS DISEASE, while deficiency of both A and B isozymes causes SANDHOFF DISEASE. The enzyme has also been used as a tumor marker to distinguish between malignant and benign disease.

A receptor that is specific for IGF-II and mannose-6-phosphate. The receptor is a 250-kDa single chain polypeptide which is unrelated in structure to the type 1 IGF receptor (RECEPTOR, IGF TYPE 1) and does not have a tyrosine kinase domain.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that play a key role in cellular secretory and endocytic pathways. EC 3.6.1.-.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Phosphoric acid esters of mannose.

Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

A group of inherited metabolic diseases characterized by the accumulation of excessive amounts of acid mucopolysaccharides, sphingolipids, and/or glycolipids in visceral and mesenchymal cells. Abnormal amounts of sphingolipids or glycolipids are present in neural tissue. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and skeletal changes, most notably dysostosis multiplex, occur frequently. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, pp36-7)

An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.

Inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects in specific lysosomal hydrolases and resulting in intracellular accumulation of unmetabolized substrates.

A lysosomal cysteine proteinase with a specificity similar to that of PAPAIN. The enzyme is present in a variety of tissues and is important in many physiological and pathological processes. In pathology, cathepsin B has been found to be involved in DEMYELINATION; EMPHYSEMA; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, and NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phenol sulfate to yield a phenol and sulfate. Arylsulfatase A, B, and C have been separated. A deficiency of arylsulfatases is one of the causes of metachromatic leukodystrophy (LEUKODYSTROPHY, METACHROMATIC). EC 3.1.6.1.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucose residues in chitobiose and higher analogs as well as in glycoproteins. Has been used widely in structural studies on bacterial cell walls and in the study of diseases such as MUCOLIPIDOSIS and various inflammatory disorders of muscle and connective tissue.

Endosomes containing intraluminal vesicles which are formed by the inward budding of the endosome membrane. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) may fuse with other organelles such as LYSOSOMES or fuse back with the PLASMA MEMBRANE releasing their contents by EXOCYTOSIS. The MVB intraluminal vesicles released into the extracellular environment are known as EXOSOMES.

An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

An enzyme isolated from horseradish which is able to act as an antigen. It is frequently used as a histochemical tracer for light and electron microscopy. Its antigenicity has permitted its use as a combined antigen and marker in experimental immunology.

The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of N-acylhexosamine residues in N-acylhexosamides. Hexosaminidases also act on GLUCOSIDES; GALACTOSIDES; and several OLIGOSACCHARIDES.

A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

A ubiquitously-expressed cysteine protease that plays an enzymatic role in POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN PROCESSING of proteins within SECRETORY GRANULES.

Endogenous glycoproteins from which SIALIC ACID has been removed by the action of sialidases. They bind tightly to the ASIALOGLYCOPROTEIN RECEPTOR which is located on hepatocyte plasma membranes. After internalization by adsorptive ENDOCYTOSIS they are delivered to LYSOSOMES for degradation. Therefore receptor-mediated clearance of asialoglycoproteins is an important aspect of the turnover of plasma glycoproteins. They are elevated in serum of patients with HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS or HEPATITIS.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.

A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.

A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.

N-acylated oligopeptides isolated from culture filtrates of Actinomycetes, which act specifically to inhibit acid proteases such as pepsin and renin.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A family of calcium-binding alpha-globulins that are synthesized in the LIVER and play an essential role in maintaining the solubility of CALCIUM in the BLOOD. In addition the fetuins contain aminoterminal cystatin domains and are classified as type 3 cystatins.

A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

An adaptor protein complex found primarily on perinuclear compartments.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A group of four homologous sphingolipid activator proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage of a common protein precursor molecule referred to as prosaposin.

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.

A set of protein subcomplexes involved in PROTEIN SORTING of UBIQUITINATED PROTEINS into intraluminal vesicles of MULTIVESICULAR BODIES and in membrane scission during formation of intraluminal vesicles, during the final step of CYTOKINESIS, and during the budding of enveloped viruses. The ESCRT machinery is comprised of the protein products of Class E vacuolar protein sorting genes.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Proton-translocating ATPases that are involved in acidification of a variety of intracellular compartments.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational.

A papain-like cysteine protease that has specificity for amino terminal dipeptides. The enzyme plays a role in the activation of several pro-inflammatory serine proteases by removal of their aminoterminal inhibitory dipeptides. Genetic mutations that cause loss of cathepsin C activity in humans are associated with PAPILLON-LEFEVRE DISEASE.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Melanin-containing organelles found in melanocytes and melanophores.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.

An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.

Membrane-limited structures derived from the plasma membrane or various intracellular membranes which function in storage, transport or metabolism.

The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular transport between membranous organelles. Each molecule of clathrin consists of three light chains (CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAINS) and three heavy chains (CLATHRIN HEAVY CHAINS) that form a structure called a triskelion. Clathrin also interacts with cytoskeletal proteins.

A cytomegalovirus glycoprotein re-routes MHC class I complexes to lysosomes for degradation. (1/6965)

Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) early gene expression interferes with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) pathway of antigen presentation. Here we identify a 48 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the MCMV early gene m06, which tightly binds to properly folded beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-associated MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This association is mediated by the lumenal/transmembrane part of the protein. gp48-MHC class I complexes are transported out of the ER, pass the Golgi, but instead of being expressed on the cell surface, they are redirected to the endocytic route and rapidly degraded in a Lamp-1(+) compartment. As a result, m06-expressing cells are impaired in presenting antigenic peptides to CD8(+) T cells. The cytoplasmic tail of gp48 contains two di-leucine motifs. Mutation of the membrane-proximal di-leucine motif of gp48 restored surface expression of MHC class I, while mutation of the distal one had no effect. The results establish a novel viral mechanism for downregulation of MHC class I molecules by directly binding surface-destined MHC complexes and exploiting the cellular di-leucine sorting machinery for lysosomal degradation. (+info)

Identification of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2/megalin as an endocytic receptor for seminal vesicle secretory protein II. (2/6965)

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2/megalin (LRP-2) is an endocytic receptor that is expressed on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells lining specific regions of the male and female reproductive tracts. In the present study, immunohistochemical staining revealed that LRP-2 is also expressed by epithelial cells lining the ductal region and the ampulla of the rat seminal vesicle. To identify LRP-2 ligands in the seminal vesicle, we probed seminal vesicle fluid with 125I-labeled LRP-2 in a gel-blot overlay assay. A 100-kDa protein (under non-reducing conditions) was found to bind the radiolabeled receptor. The protein was isolated and subjected to protease digestion, and the proteolytic fragments were subjected to mass spectroscopic sequence analysis. As a result, the 100-kDa protein was identified as the seminal vesicle secretory protein II (SVS-II), a major constituent of the seminal coagulum. Using purified preparations of SVS-II and LRP-2, solid-phase binding assays were used to show that the SVS-II bound to the receptor with high affinity (Kd = 5.6 nM). The binding of SVS-II to LRP-2 was inhibited using a known antagonist of LRP-2 function, the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein RAP. Using a series of recombinant subfragments of SVS-II, the LRP-2 binding site was mapped to a stretch of repeated 13-residue modules located in the central portion of the SVS-II polypeptide. To evaluate the ability of LRP-2 to mediate 125I-SVS-II endocytosis and lysosomal degradation, ligand clearance assays were performed using differentiated mouse F9 cells, which express high levels of LRP-2. Radiolabeled SVS-II was internalized and degraded by the cells, and both processes were inhibited by antibodies to LRP-2 or by RAP. The results indicate that LRP-2 binds SVS-II and can mediate its endocytosis leading to lysosomal degradation. (+info)

Purification of gibberellic acid-induced lysosomes from wheat aleurone cells. (3/6965)

Using isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, lysosomes were concentrated in a single region of a sucrose-Ficoll gradient (p = 1-10 g cm-3), well separated from most other cell organelles. Gibberellic acid-induced lysosomes were found to be rich in alpha-amylase and protease but not ribonuclease. The lysosomal band also contained a majority of the NADH2-cytochrome c reductase, a marker enzyme for endoplasmic reticulum, found in the gradient. Examination of electron micrographs revealed that a purified band of lyosomes contained at least 3 vesicle types, ranging in size from 0-1 to 0-5 mum. The significance of these findings to proposed mechanisms of action of gibberellic acid is discussed. (+info)

Impaired lysosomal processing of beta2-microglobulin by infiltrating macrophages in dialysis amyloidosis. (4/6965)

BACKGROUND: Macrophages may participate in amyloid fibril formation by processing the protein precursor. Although this theory seems to apply for amyloidosis, in which proteolytic cleavage is a prerequisite for amyloid fibril formation, it has not been demonstrated for beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) amyloidosis. We aimed to establish the role played by macrophages in beta2m amyloidosis. METHODS: We used a double immunogold electron microscopy technique, including mouse antihuman CD68, rabbit antihuman beta2m, amyloid P component, and lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP-1) antibodies. Differential density labeling studies of beta2m and amyloid P component were performed extra- and intracellularly to assess protein processing by macrophages. RESULTS: The cells surrounding amyloid fibrils were found to be mostly CD68 positive, suggesting that they were of monocyte-macrophage lineage. Intracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils was also observed; these fibrils were constantly surrounded by LAMP-1-linked gold particles, demonstrating that intracellular beta2m was almost exclusively lysosomal. The rough-surface endoplasmic reticulum was not labeled by beta2m antibody, suggesting that there was no active synthesis of beta2m by the cells. As a marker of endocytosis, protruded cytoplasmic processes in close relation with the intracellular accumulations of beta2m amyloid fibrils were observed. No difference in density labeling (extracellular vs. intracellular) was observed for beta2m, whereas intracellular P component labeling was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: All of these data are strongly suggestive of phagocytosis and not synthesis of amyloid fibrils by macrophages. Further, they demonstrate an impaired lysosomal processing specific for beta2m, as other compounds of the amyloid fibrils (P component) are significantly cleared. (+info)

5'-Nucleotidase activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. II. Cellular distribution and effects of endocytosis. (5/6965)

The diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid (DASA) can inactivate about 80% of the total 5'-nucleotidase of viable macrophages. The remaining 20% can be inactivated if the cells are first lysed in detergent, and presumably represents an intracellular pool of 5'-nucleotidase. The bulk of this pool may represent cytoplasmic vesicles derived from plasma membrane by endocytosis. This internal compartment is expanded up to threefold immediately after the cells have ingested a large latex load. This is consistent with previous observations on the internalization of 5'-nucleotidase in latex phagosomes. In latex-filled cells this intracellular pool of enzyme is inactivated over a few hours, and the cells then slowly increase their enzyme activity to nearly normal levels. However, 24 h after latex ingestion the metabolism of 5'-nucleotidase in these recovered cells is abnormal, as the rate of enzyme degradation is about twice the normal rate, and the DASA-insensitive enzyme pool in these cells is strikingly diminished. This may reflect effects of the accumulated indigestible particles on the fate of incoming pinocytic vesicles or on newly synthesized plasma membrane precursor. Another endocytic stimulus, concanavalin A, also reduces the total cell 5'-nucleotidase activity. This effect, which is time and temperature dependent, can be prevented by the competitive sugar alpha-methyl mannose. The concanavalin A inhibition can be reversed in the absence of new protein synthesis or in cells cultivated in serum-free conditions. It is not known whether the effect of concanavalin A on 5'-nucleotidase depends upon the interiorizaiton of plasma membrane or is strictly associated with events at the cell surface. (+info)

Macrophage plasminogen activator: induction by asbestos is blocked by anti-inflammatory steroids. (6/6965)

Intraperitoneal injection of asbestos fibres into mice induces the formation of exudates containing macrophages that produce plasminogen activator. Like-wise, in vitro addition of asbestos to macrophage cultures stimulates plasminogen activator secretion; the synthesis and secretion of lysozyme and lysosomal enzymes are not changed under these conditions. The enhanced secretion of plasminogen activator by macrophages exposed to asbestos is suppressed by low concentrations of anti-inflammatory steroids. (+info)

Opposing motor activities of dynein and kinesin determine retention and transport of MHC class II-containing compartments. (7/6965)

MHC class II molecules exert their function at the cell surface by presenting to T cells antigenic fragments that are generated in the endosomal pathway. The class II molecules are targetted to early lysosomal structures, termed MIIC, where they interact with antigenic fragments and are subsequently transported to the cell surface. We previously visualised vesicular transport of MHC class II-containing early lysosomes from the microtubule organising centre (MTOC) region towards the cell surface in living cells. Here we show that the MIIC move bidirectionally in a 'stop-and-go' fashion. Overexpression of a motor head-deleted kinesin inhibited MIIC motility, showing that kinesin is the motor that drives its plus end transport towards the cell periphery. Cytoplasmic dynein mediates the return of vesicles to the MTOC area and effectively retains the vesicles at this location, as assessed by inactivation of dynein by overexpression of dynamitin. Our data suggest a retention mechanism that determines the perinuclear accumulation of MIIC, which is the result of dynein activity being superior over kinesin activity. The bidirectional nature of MIIC movement is the result of both kinesin and dynein acting reciprocally on the MIIC during its transport. The motors may be the ultimate targets of regulatory kinases since the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine induces a massive release of lysosomal vesicles from the MTOC region that is morphologically similar to that observed after inactivation of the dynein motor. (+info)

Endometrial lysosomal enzyme activity in normal cycling endometrium. (8/6965)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible role of four lysosomal enzymes in endometrial function and remodelling during the normal menstrual cycle by fluorimetric measurement (acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase). A prospective study was conducted of 45 endometrial biopsies obtained from women with normal menstrual cycles. Activity of all four enzymes was identified in human endometrium. Activity of acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was relatively high, whilst that of alpha-L-fucosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase was low. There was no significant change in the activity of any of the four enzymes from the proliferative to the secretory phase of the cycle. This study suggests that the activity of these enzymes remains constant throughout a major portion of the normal cycle. (+info)

The size of lysosomes varies from 0.1 μm to 1.2 μm. With a pH ranging from ~4.5-5.0, the interior of the lysosomes is acidic ... Lüllmznn-Rauch R (2005). "History and Morphology of Lysosome". In Zaftig P (ed.). Lysosomes (Online-Ausg. 1 ed.). Georgetown, ... "The crucial impact of lysosomes in aging and longevity". Ageing Research Reviews. Lysosomes in Aging. 32: 2-12. doi:10.1016/j. ... "The crucial impact of lysosomes in aging and longevity". Ageing Research Reviews. Lysosomes in Aging. 32: 2-12. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosome

... s (LAMPs) are integral membrane proteins, specific to lysosomes, and whose exact ... Structurally, the lamp proteins consist of two internally homologous lysosome-luminal domains separated by a proline-rich hinge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosome-associated_membrane_glycoprotein

... has been shown to interact with Rab9A. The identified protein subunits of ... Nazarian R, Falcón-Pérez JM, Dell'Angelica EC (July 2003). "Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 3 (BLOC-3): a ... BLOC-3 or biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 3 is a ubiquitously expressed multisubunit protein complex. ... "Assembly of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-3 (BLOC-3) and its interaction with Rab9". J. Biol. Chem. 285 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenesis_of_lysosome-related_organelles_complex_3

BLOC-1 or biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 is a ubiquitously expressed multisubunit protein complex in a ... These organelles are called LROs (lysosome-related organelles) which are apparent in specific cell-types, such as melanocytes. ... lysosome-associate membrane proteins). Multiple studies recapitulate an association with the adaptor complex AP-3, a protein ... "Assembly and Architecture of Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex-1 (BLOC-1)". The Journal of Biological Chemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenesis_of_lysosome-related_organelles_complex_1

These gene mutations slow down the fusion between autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes, leading to the accumulation of autophagic ... Without the LAMP-2 protein, fusion between autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes occurs much slower, leading to the accumulation of ... Matzner U (2005). "Therapy of Lysosomal Storage Diseases". Lysosomes. Springer US. pp. 112-129. doi:10.1007/0-387-28957-7_10. ... which plays a role in the transport of cellular materials into the lysosome, mutations of the LAMP2 gene lead to little to no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagic_vacuolar_myopathy

Lysosomes provide such an environment by maintaining a pH of 5.0 inside of the organelle. If a lysosome were to rupture, the ... However, if numerous lysosomes leaked the cell could be destroyed from autodigestion. Lysosomes carry out intracellular ... The main functions of a lysosome are to process molecules taken in by the cell and to recycle worn out cell parts. The enzymes ... The lysosome engulfs another organelle and uses its enzymes to take apart the ingested material. The resulting organic monomers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endomembrane_system

Mutations of synuclein alleles lead to lysosome pH increase and hydrolase inhibition. As a result, lysosomes degradative ... Within the lysosome/vacuole, the contents of the autophagosome are degraded via acidic lysosomal hydrolase. Microautophagy, on ... The autophagosome then travels through the cytoplasm of the cell to a lysosome in mammals, or vacuoles in yeast and plants, and ... In January 1962 they reported an increased number of lysosomes in rat liver cells after the addition of glucagon, and that some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy

In 1969 he gave the first clear-cut distinction between lysosomes and peroxisomes. In 1972, he and his wife discovered a new ... He was the first to describe lysosome using electron microscopy; his collaborator Christian de Duve received Nobel Prize for ... "It is largely due to Novikoff's bold and imaginative use of morphological techniques," de Duve praised him, "that lysosomes ... In 1955, now confident that the membranous particles were cell organelles, de Duve gave a hypothetical name "lysosomes" to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_B._Novikoff

... of lysosomes. Serendipity followed de Duve for another major discovery. After the confirmation of lysosome, de Duve's team was ... De Duve thought it was not a lysosome because it is not an acid hydrolase, typical of lysosomal enzymes; still, it had similar ... From insulin to lysosomes". Hormones. 5 (2): 151-5. doi:10.14310/horm.2002.11179. PMID 16807228. UNESCO Media Services (17 May ... From insulin to lysosomes". Hormones (Athens, Greece). 5 (2): 151-55. doi:10.14310/horm.2002.11179. PMID 16807228. Raju, TN ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_de_Duve

Lysosomes, Plasma membrane ----> Endosomes (receptor-mediated endocytosis) Membrane transport protein Wikipedia:MeSH D12.776# ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular_transport_protein

Weismann, G.; Becher, B.; Wiedermann, G.; -- (1965). "Studies on Lysosomes. Vii. Acute and Chronic Arthritis Produced by Intra- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_W._Bernheimer

Sharma J, di Ronza A, Lotfi P, Sardiello M (July 2018). "Lysosomes and Brain Health". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 41: 255- ... a protein that acts as a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Biostasis Cryoprotectant Cryptobiosis Freeze ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalose

Roy AB (April 1976). "Sulphatases, lysosomes and disease". The Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebroside-sulfatase

Roy AB (1976). "Sulphatases, lysosomes and disease". Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 54 (2): 111-35. doi:10.1038/icb.1976.13. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondro-4-sulfatase

It stains lysosomes red. It is used as a general stain in histology, as a counterstain in combination with other dyes, and for ... In the Neutral Red Assay live cells incorporate neutral red into their lysosomes. As cells begin to die, their ability to ... Vital staining of lysosomes and other cell organelles of the rat with Neutral red]. Progress in Histochemistry and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_red

Roy AB (April 1976). "Sulphatases, lysosomes and disease". The Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arylsulfatase

The protein contains eleven transmembrane domains and is inserted into the membrane of the lysosome. BioGPS analysis for ... with the N-terminus of the protein being within the lysosome and the C-terminus located in the cytosol. Post-translational ... "The Proteome of Lysosomes". Proteomics. 10 (22): 4053-4076. doi:10.1002/pmic.201000196. PMID 20957757. S2CID 25869334. Schroder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM63A

... lysosome; mitochondrion (inner and outer membranes); nucleus (inner and outer membranes); peroxisome; vacuole; cytoplasmic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_membrane

Late endosomes are thought to mediate a final set of sorting events prior the delivery of material to lysosomes. Lysosomes are ... Luzio JP, Rous BA, Bright NA, Pryor PR, Mullock BM, Piper RC (May 2000). "Lysosome-endosome fusion and lysosome biogenesis". ... To accomplish this, lysosomes use some 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes, all of which are manufactured in the ... The approximate pH of a lysosome is 4.8 and by electron microscopy (EM) usually appear as large vacuoles (1-2 µm in diameter) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocytosis

For instance, lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down most biomolecules in the cytoplasm. Peroxisomes are used to ... "Lysosome". British Society for Cell Biology. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017. ... and single membrane structures such as lysosomes. Mitochondria are proposed to come from the endosymbiosis of an aerobic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote

1976) Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, Vol. 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam (pp. 404). Dingle, J.T., Dean, R.T., and Sly, W. eds. ( ... 1975) Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, Vol. 4. Elsevier, Amsterdam (pp. 614). Dingle, J.T. and Dean, R.T. eds. ( ... 1984) Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, Vol. 7. Elsevier, Amsterdam (pp. 479). Smith, H. and Dean, R.T. (1997) Improvisation ... 443). Dean, R.T. (1977) Lysosomes. Institute of Biology Series, Edward Arnold, London (pp. 90). Dean, R.T. (1978) Cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Dean_(musician)

Cathelicidins, antimicrobial polypeptides found in lysosomes. Svendsen A (2000). "Lipase protein engineering". Biochim Biophys ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradative_enzyme

... degradation occurs in the lysosomes. Here, arylsulfatase A hydrolyzes the sulfate group. However, in order for this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfatide

Lysosomes are involved in cellular digestion. Food can be taken from outside the cell into food vacuoles by a process called ... Lysosomes are also used to destroy defective or damaged organelles in a process called autophagy. They fuse with the membrane ... These food vacuoles fuse with lysosomes which break down the components so that they can be used in the cell. This form of ... Most of these proteins mature in the Golgi apparatus before going to their final destination which may be to lysosomes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicle_(biology_and_chemistry)

II . Bidirectional flow between secondary lysosomes and plasma membrane. J. Cell Biol. 86:304-314. With C. F. Nathan and H. W. ... V. The formation of macrophage lysosomes. J. Exp. Med. 123:757-766. 1967 With B. A. Ehrenreich. The uptake and digestion of ... These discoveries, which traced the phagocytic digestive system to the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles and lysosomes, became ... and fuses with the lysosome where the contents are then digested." The result, as Moberg and Steinman put it, was the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanvil_A._Cohn

Janoff A, Scherer J (November 1968). "Mediators of inflammation in leukocyte lysosomes. IX. Elastinolytic activity in granules ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathepsin_G

... s have membrane-bound proteins to recruit and fuse with lysosomes to form mature phagolysosomes. The lysosomes contain ... Endosomes and lysosomes then fuse with the phagosome to contribute to the membrane, especially when the engulfed particle is ... Roy CR, Kagan JC (1 January 2013). Evasion of Phagosome Lysosome Fusion and Establishment of a Replicative Organelle by the ... They control actin polymerisation which is required for the phagosome to fuse with endosomes and lysosomes. Other non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagosome

Upon activation by Rheb, mTORC1 localizes to the Ragulator-Rag complex on the lysosome surface where it then becomes active in ... Efeyan A, Zoncu R, Sabatini DM (September 2012). "Amino acids and mTORC1: from lysosomes to disease". Trends in Molecular ... Active mTORC1 is positioned on lysosomes. mTOR is inhibited when lysosomal membrane is damaged by various exogenous or ... At this stage another galectin, galectin-3, interacts with TRIM16 to guide selective autophagy of damaged lysosomes. TRIM16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR

His discovery of the TFEB gene, which controls the functioning of lysosomes, has had a major impact on cellular biology and ... "Lysosomes and Endocytosis Gordon Research Conference". "Invited Participants - Developing new dialogue". Embl.de. Retrieved 1 ... More recently he focused his attention on lysosomes, the organelles that are responsible for cellular waste degradation. ... Challenging the conventional knowledge of cellular biology, he hypothesized that lysosome is a dynamic structure subjected to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Ballabio

They are subsequently degraded in lysosomes. The remaining free amino acids are transported across the basolateral membrane by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_protein_reabsorption

Lupascu, Gh; Bona, C; Gheordunescu, Vl; Profeta, A; Iancu, Larissa; World Health Organization (‎World Health Organization, 1969)‎ ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Lysosomes&type=mesh

lysosome (plural lysosomes) *(cytology) An organelle found in all types of animal cells which contains a large range of ... lysosome. Further reading[edit]. *"lysosome", in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=lysosome&oldid=66056053" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lysosome

Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered that two key cellular structures, called mitochondria and lysosomes, come into ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Lysosomes&page=9

Lupascu, Gh; Bona, C; Gheordunescu, Vl; Profeta, A; Iancu, Larissa; World Health Organization (‎World Health Organization, 1969)‎ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Lysosomes&type=mesh

The role of lysosomes in iron metabolism and recycling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2011 Dec;43(12):1686-97. Epub 2011 Sep 3. ... The role of lysosomes in iron metabolism and recycling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2011 Dec;43(12):1686-97. Epub 2011 Sep 3. ... In the lysosome, Cathepsin D chops up prosaposin, releasing four activator proteins, saposin A, B, C, D, which assist in the ... In the lysosome, prosaposin is cleaved by cathepsin into four saposins that are known cofactors for different lysosomal enzymes ...

https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/dysfunctional-lysosomes-cause-ferroptosis-neurons

We demonstrate that in infected hepatocytes, lysosomes are redistributed away from the nucleus, and surface exposure of ... lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) is increased. Lysosom … ... Knockdown of SNARE proteins involved in lysosome-plasma membrane fusion reduces lysosome exocytosis and Plasmodium infection. ... and surface exposure of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) is increased. Lysosome exocytosis in infected cells ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31731198/

A lysosome is a cell organelle.[1] They are like spheres and they have hydrolytic enzymes which can break down almost all kinds ... By convention, lysosome is the term used for animal cells.[2] In plant cells, vacuoles do similar functions. With a wider ... Lysosomes work like the digestive system to break down, or digest, proteins, acids, carbohydrates, dead organelles, and other ... Lysosome. Yale University. [2] Archived 2015-10-30 at the Wayback Machine ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosome

The mechanisms of lysosome and SG recruitment of mTORC1 are well studied. In contrast, molecular details on lysosomal ... In this mini-review, we integrate the molecular mechanisms of lysosome and SG recruitment of the TSC complex. We discuss their ... The TSC subunit TSC1 binds lysosomes via phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). The SG assembly factors 1 and 2 ( ... The TSC complex subunit 1 (TSC1) binds lysosomes via phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]. The SG assembly factors ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.751892/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Cell_and_Developmental_Biology&id=751892

All the latest science news about lysosome from Phys.org ... Lysosome. Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid ... The size of lysosomes varies from 0.1-1.2 μm. At pH 4.8, the interior of the lysosomes is acidic compared to the slightly ... Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulf viruses or bacteria. The membrane around a lysosome ... The name lysosome derives from the Greek words lysis, to separate, and soma, body. They are frequently nicknamed "suicide-bags ...

https://phys.org/tags/lysosome/sort/date/6h/

PI4KIIα phosphorylation by GSK3 directs vesicular trafficking to lysosomes James W. Robinson; James W. Robinson ... complex for trafficking to the lysosome to be degraded. Blocking phosphorylation reduces trafficking to the lysosome, ... adaptin, adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) complex, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), lysosome, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase II α ( ... PI4KIIα phosphorylation by GSK3 directs vesicular trafficking to lysosomes. Biochem J 15 November 2014; 464 (1): 145-156. doi: ...

https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article-abstract/464/1/145/48031/PI4KII-phosphorylation-by-GSK3-directs-vesicular?redirectedFrom=PDF

Inhibition of neutrophil lysosome-phagosome fusion associated with influenza virus infection in vitro. Role in depressed ... Inhibition of neutrophil lysosome-phagosome fusion associated with influenza virus infection in vitro. Role in depressed ... The data indicate a close relationship between the ability of influenza virus to ablate normal intracellular lysosome-phagosome ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/110580/scanned-page/1393

INFLUENCE OF SUCROSE ON CHLOROQUINE-3-H3 CONTENT OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO: THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF LYSOSOMES IN CHLOROQUINE ... Since it is likely that malaria parasites accumulate CQ in lysosomes, it was proposed that CQ resistance might be based on some ... INFLUENCE OF SUCROSE ON CHLOROQUINE-3-H3 CONTENT OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO: THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF LYSOSOMES IN CHLOROQUINE ... INFLUENCE OF SUCROSE ON CHLOROQUINE-3-H3 CONTENT OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO: THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF LYSOSOMES IN CHLOROQUINE ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/173/1/71

Search Thermo Fisher Scientific ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/technical-resources/research-tools/image-gallery/image-gallery-detail.10242.html

... lysosomes soak their contents in an acid bath. Using two new techniques, Steinberg et al. show that lysosomes can hike their ... Like the stomach, lysosomes soak their contents in an acid bath. Using two new techniques, Steinberg et al. show that lysosomes ... negatively charged molecules that cant diffuse into the lysosome. Even after this substitution, lysosomes still reduced their ... They suggest that lysosomes probably lose some positive ions and gain some chloride, thus avoiding any osmotic swelling or ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/189/7/1054/35863/Lysosomes-don-t-accentuate-the-negative

The function(s) of the Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex 1 (BLOC-1) during brain development is hitherto ... Sex-dimorphic effects of Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex-1 (BLOC-1) deficiency on mouse perinatal brain ... Ghiani, Cristina; DellAngelica, Esteban (2020), Sex-dimorphic effects of Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex-1 ( ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5068/D1R67M

... Port-a-Patch publication in ... from intact lysosomes. We show that TPCN2 is a highly selective Ca2+ channel that is regulated by intralysosomal pH. Using site ...

https://www.nanion.de/en/temp/ion-channels-and-diseases/137-home/articles/262-2010-papers-characterization-of-two-pore-channel-2-tpcn2-mediated-ca2-currents-in-isolated-lysosomes.html

Purification of lysosomes from guinea pig gastric mucosal cells by uptake of triton WR-1339. / Madson, T. H.; LaRusso, N. F.; ... Purification of lysosomes from guinea pig gastric mucosal cells by uptake of triton WR-1339. Gastroenterology. 1981 Jan 1;80(5 ... Madson, T. H. ; LaRusso, N. F. ; Dozois, R. R. / Purification of lysosomes from guinea pig gastric mucosal cells by uptake of ... Madson, T. H., LaRusso, N. F., & Dozois, R. R. (1981). Purification of lysosomes from guinea pig gastric mucosal cells by ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/purification-of-lysosomes-from-guinea-pig-gastric-mucosal-cells-b

Lysosome Vesicle Biogenesis (Homo sapiens) * trans-Golgi Network Lysosomal Vesicle Scission (Homo sapiens) * Lysosome Destined ... trans-Golgi Network Lysosome Vesicle Destined Membrane Coat Assembly (Homo sapiens) * Lysosome Destined Cargo:AP-1:Beta- ... Lysosome Destined Cargo:AP-1:beta-Arrestin-1:Vamp Complex [Golgi membrane] Stable Identifier ... Lysosome Destined Cargo:AP-1:Beta-arrestin:Vamp:Clathrin Triskelion:Dynamin:Endophilin Complex [Golgi membrane] (Homo sapiens) ...

https://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-432687

These findings represent an unsuspected mechanism for messenger-mediated Ca(2+) release from lysosome-related organelles. ... the functional equivalent of a lysosome in the sea urchin egg. ... NAADP mobilizes Ca(2+) from reserve granules, lysosome-related ... NAADP mobilizes Ca(2+) from reserve granules, lysosome-related organelles, in sea urchin eggs. ... These findings represent an unsuspected mechanism for messenger-mediated Ca(2+) release from lysosome-related organelles. ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/106523

Purpose: The ubiquitin-proteasome program (UPS) and lysosome-dependent macroautophagy (autophagy) are two. immune Uncategorized ... Purpose: The ubiquitin-proteasome program (UPS) and lysosome-dependent macroautophagy (autophagy) are two main intracellular ... filled with the heaviest mobile components like the nuclei and supplementary lysosomes) and supernatants (S1). The S1 was ...

http://www.immune-source.com/2017/01/purpose-the-ubiquitin-proteasome-program-ups-and-lysosome-dependent-macroautophagy-autophagy-are-two/

cytoplasmic lysosomes signal. English Text: cytoplasmic lysosomes signal. Target: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS. ... SSCYLYP - cytoplasmic lysosomes positive. Variable Name: SSCYLYP. SAS Label: cytoplasmic lysosomes positive. English Text: ... Lysosomes. Distinct and bright speckled staining irregularly distributed in the cytoplasm. Mitotic cell patterns. Mitotic cell ... cytoplasmic lysosomes positive. Target: Both males and females 12 YEARS - 150 YEARS. Code or Value. Value Description. Count. ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/1999-2000/SSANA_A.htm

Lysosomes in disease. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 1967 Dec; 34(239): 451-3. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/84590?locale=zh_TW

Lysosomes in Health and Disease. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD and surrounding area ...

https://www.training.nih.gov/programs/postdoc_irp/apply

Finally, the lipid transfer protein ATG2 is also recruited to damaged lysosomes where its activity is potently stimulated by ... Given the damaging contents of lysosomes, LMP must be rapidly resolved, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly ... Lysosomal membrane damage triggers a lipid signalling pathway that repairs lysosomes via lipid transport at newly ... Upon LMP, phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase type 2α (PI4K2A) accumulates rapidly on damaged lysosomes, generating high levels of ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05164-4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=7748de84-9b32-4321-919a-f6f9619a565a

Lysosomes were labeled with the fluorescent vital dye acridine orange and the rate and extent of their fusion with yeast- ... using horseradish peroxidase or thorium dioxide as markers for secondary lysosomes. Good agreement was found with results ... Several approaches were used to study the determinants of phagosome-lysosome {P-L} fusion in intact mouse macrophages. ... Lysosomes were labeled with the fluorescent vital dye acridine orange and the rate and extent of their fusion with yeast- ...

https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/student_theses_and_dissertations/478/

TextPublication details: Sofia : Medicina i Fizkultura, 1981. Description: 257 pSubject(s): LysosomesNLM classification: QH 603 ... Structure and functions of lysosomes / M.S. Davidoff ; [translated from the Bulgarian by Stoyan Danev] By: Davidoff, Michail ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=Provider%3AMedicina%20i%20Fizkultura.%20and%20location%3ABORROWABLE-COLL-STACKS&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=su-to:Lysosomes

While Lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicular organelles found throughout the cytoplasm. ... Difference Between Secretory Vesicles and Lysosomes is that Secretory vesicles are the organelles with limiting membrane and ... Types of Lysosomes. Lysosomes are of two types:. Primary lysosome, which is pinched off from Golgi apparatus. It is inactive in ... Secondary lysosome, which is the active lyso some. It is formed by the fusion of a primary lysosome with phagosome or endosome ...

https://anydifferencebetween.com/difference-between-secretory-vesicles-and-lysosomes/

We use necessary cookies to make our site function. Wed also like to set additional cookies that help us improve our website. You can find out more on our cookie policy.. ...

https://ximbio.com/reagent/157225/mcerulean-lysosomes-20-vector

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https://lumen3d.com/tag/lysosome/

In fibroblasts, the lysosome has been identified as a key organelle in resealing. Protein markers of the lysosome membrane ... In fibroblasts, the lysosome has been identified as a key organelle in resealing. Protein markers of the lysosome membrane ... In fibroblasts, the lysosome has been identified as a key organelle in resealing. Protein markers of the lysosome membrane ... In fibroblasts, the lysosome has been identified as a key organelle in resealing. Protein markers of the lysosome membrane ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/repairing-a-torn-cell-surface-make-way-lysosomes-to-the-rescue

The lysosomes are formed by Golgi apparatus. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Then, these vesicles are pinched off from Golgi apparatus and become the lysosomes. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Primary lysosome , which is pinched off from Golgi apparatus. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Examples include the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum etc. (theskepticsguide.org)
GTTR was also identified within a variety of subcellular compartments within hair cells, including lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei, and in similar structures by immunoelectron microscopy. (elsevier.com)

Zeroing in on that pathway, the researchers found that in the absence of the lysosomal protein prosaposin, glycosphingolipids accumulate in the lysosomes, setting off oxidative stress. (alzforum.org)
The lysosomal membrane protects the cytosol, and therefore the rest of the cell, from the degradative enzymes within the lysosome. (phys.org)
Conditions that cause molecules to build up inside lysosomes, including mucolipidosis III gamma, are called lysosomal storage disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
Lysosomal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate in turn recruits multiple oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein (ORP) family members, including ORP9, ORP10, ORP11 and OSBP, to orchestrate extensive new membrane contact sites between damaged lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. (nature.com)
The ORPs subsequently catalyse robust endoplasmic reticulum-to-lysosome transfer of phosphatidylserine and cholesterol to support rapid lysosomal repair. (nature.com)
The pH in the secondary lysosome becomes acidic and the lysosomal enzymes are activated. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Lysosomal function is critical for organismal homeostasis-mutations in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause severe human disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, and lysosome dysfunction is implicated in age-associated diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. (abu-remaileh.com)
Simultaneously, lysosome biosynthesis is stimulated by activation of TFEB, a transcriptional regulator of lysosomal biogenesis. (hki-jena.de)
In lysosomes isolated from rat liver organ and spleen, a share from the intracellular inhibitor from the nuclear factor B (IB) could be recognized in the lysosomal matrix where it really is rapidly degraded. (thetechnoant.info)
Densitometric analyses had been performed with a graphic Analyzer Program (Inotech S-100, Sunnyvale, CA). Outcomes Immunolocalization of 55268-74-1 IC50 IB in Lysosomes As an initial step toward identifying whether lysosomes had been mixed up in 55268-74-1 IC50 intracellular degradation of IB, we examined if IB could possibly be recognized in the lysosomal small percentage. (thetechnoant.info)
Blocking MALT1 protease activity increases the endo-lysosome abundance, impaired autophagic flux, and culminates in lysosomal-mediated death, concomitantly with mTOR inactivation and dispersion from lysosomes. (biorxiv.org)

Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. (phys.org)
Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulf viruses or bacteria. (phys.org)
The function(s) of the Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complex 1 (BLOC-1) during brain development is hitherto largely unknown. (datadryad.org)
NAADP mobilizes Ca(2+) from reserve granules, lysosome-related organelles, in sea urchin eggs. (ox.ac.uk)
These findings represent an unsuspected mechanism for messenger-mediated Ca(2+) release from lysosome-related organelles. (ox.ac.uk)
Difference Between Secretory Vesicles and Lysosomes is that Secretory vesicles are the organelles with limiting membrane and contain the secretory substances. (anydifferencebetween.com)
While Lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicular organelles found throughout the cytoplasm. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Among the organelles of the cytoplasm, the lysosomes have the thickest covering membrane. (anydifferencebetween.com)
These observations agree that the proteostasis of quiescent cells is mediated, in part, by lysosomes, small cellular organelles that eliminate impurities from the cells. (longlonglife.org)
Lysosomes are spherical, membrane-bound organelles present in the cytoplasm of animal cells. (biologywise.com)
Lysosomes are membrane-bound compartments that degrade macromolecules and clear damaged organelles to enable cellular adaptation to various metabolic states. (abu-remaileh.com)
We found that microglia could take up small particles of amyloid beta efficiently and deliver them to lysosomes -the digestive organelles of cells. (curealz.org)
Quick look: Lysosomes are membrane bounded organelles found in animal and plant cells. (actuinde.com)
Lysosome related organelles. (cloudasfmf.gq)
What organelles does lysosome work with. (cloudasfmf.gq)
What organelles does lysosome work with We're sometimes saying what they're best for. (cloudasfmf.gq)
Lysosomes are organelles that may be found in virtually any animal-like eukaryotic cell.Enzymes that were produced by the cell are stored in lysosomes.The lysosome's job is to digest anything it comes in contact with.They may be involved in the digestion of food or the breakdown of the cell after it has died.Another common question is: ″In an animal cell, where exactly can one find the lysosome? (totalpetstores.com)
Lysosomes are essential organelles that aid in the digestion of many substances that are found inside the cell by breaking them down. (totalpetstores.com)
Recent studies reveal that lysosomes are organelles that store hydrolytic enzymes in a dormant state. (totalpetstores.com)
When a cell consumes food or absorbs it, the lysosome releases its enzymes, which then proceed to break down more complex molecules, such as carbohydrates and proteins, into the useable energy that is necessary for the cell to continue to exist.In the event that no food is available, the enzymes of the lysosome will degrade other organelles inside the cell in order to access the nutrients that are required. (totalpetstores.com)
Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. (bt-laboratory.com)
Lysosomes of leukocytes and fibroblasts, dense bodies of platelets, azurophilic granules of neutrophils, and melanosomes of melanocytes are generally larger in size and irregular in morphology, indicating that a common pathway in the synthesis of organelles responsible for storage is affected in patients with CHS. (medscape.com)
The swellings are caused by the gradual accumulation of organelles within cells known as lysosomes, which are known to digest cellular waste, researchers find. (androidizer.com)
Further, the researchers discovered that a protein in lysosomes called PLD3 caused these organelles to grow and clump together along axons, eventually leading to the swelling of axons and the breakdown of electrical conduction. (androidizer.com)

Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered that two key cellular structures, called mitochondria and lysosomes, come into direct contact with each other in the cell to regulate their respective functions. (news-medical.net)
These results suggest the involvement of mitochondria and lysosomes in apoptosis induced by TiO2 nanoparticles. (cdc.gov)

The membrane around a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes to work at the 4.5 pH they require. (phys.org)
Lysosomes fuse with vacuoles and dispense their enzymes into the vacuoles, digesting their contents. (phys.org)
This enzyme helps prepare certain newly made enzymes for transport to lysosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
These mutations disrupt the tagging of digestive enzymes with M6P, which prevents many enzymes from reaching the lysosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
The shortage of digestive enzymes within lysosomes causes large molecules to accumulate there. (medlineplus.gov)
The signs and symptoms of mucolipidosis III gamma are most likely due to the shortage of digestive enzymes inside lysosomes and the effects these enzymes have outside the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
About 50 different hydrolytic enzymes, known as acid hydroxylases are pre sent in the lysosomes, through which lysosomes exe cute their functions. (anydifferencebetween.com)
The enzymes in the secondary lysosome are activated. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Lysosomes are specialized membrane-bound vesicles that contain enzymes for molecular digestion. (biologywise.com)
Lysosomes are also capable of releasing their digestive enzymes outside the cell to bring about extracellular digestion. (biologywise.com)
The digestive enzymes in lysosomes require acid conditions for their activity. (curealz.org)
Lysosomes are spherical sacs that are bound by a membrane and are packed with hydrolytic enzymes. (totalpetstores.com)
An animal cell's lysosome is an organelle that includes enzymes that are responsible for breaking down outdated cell material as well as foreign substances that enter the cell from the outside. (totalpetstores.com)
Exocytosis is the process by which waste products are removed from the cell after the material has been broken down by strong enzymes contained within the lysosomes. (totalpetstores.com)
A lysosome is a small sac-like component of a cell that contains enzymes that may break down things. (totalpetstores.com)

Purpose: The ubiquitin-proteasome program (UPS) and lysosome-dependent macroautophagy (autophagy) are two main intracellular pathways for proteins degradation. (immune-source.com)
In animal cells, the lysosome is an organelle that plays a significant part in the regulation of cellular homeostasis.Both intracellular and external components can be digested by lysosomes.Participate significantly in the process of autophagy.Lysosomes play a role in the process of crinophagy, also known as secretion, which involves the elimination of surplus secretory granules.Lysosomes play an important role in the process of breaking down blood clots. (totalpetstores.com)
What is the role of lysosomes in autophagy? (totalpetstores.com)
A depiction of the mechanism of cellular autophagy showing the fusion of a lysosome with an autophagosome. (portlandpress.com)
The lysosomes are aimed for the digestion of the macromolecules from phagocytosis, endocytosis, and autophagy. (blurtit.com)

Associated with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, the BORC complex may recruit ARL8B and couple lysosomes to microtubule plus-end-directed kinesin motor (PubMed:25898167). (bt-laboratory.com)

At pH 4.8, the interior of the lysosomes is acidic compared to the slightly alkaline cytosol (pH 7.2). (phys.org)

Lysosome diagram showcasing enzyme complexes within the single-walled membrane A lysosome is a type of membrane-bound organelle that is present in animal cells. (actuinde.com)

Lysosomes, which are found in animal cells, serve as the ″trash disposal,″ whereas vacuoles, which are found in plant cells, provide the same role. (totalpetstores.com)
The contents of the cells stain with lipid stains, and the vacuoles that contain this material are decorated by anti-human lysosome antibody. (medscape.com)

Lysosomes are often called ' garbage system ' of the cell because of their degradation activity. (anydifferencebetween.com)
The uptake occurs through specialized vesicles which fuse with the lysosomes followed by the degradation of the foreign entity by hydrolases. (biologywise.com)
We found the reason for poor degradation was that the lysosomes in microglia were not as acidic as lysosomes in other cells. (curealz.org)
We will begin to measure the effects of increased lysosome acidification on degradation of amyloid plaques. (curealz.org)
Furthermore, RPE cells exposed to Aβ were identified as deficient in cargo-carrying lysosomes at time points that are critical to POS degradation. (ox.ac.uk)
Therefore, the creation of intracellular reactive air varieties during serum hunger may be among the systems mediating IB degradation in lysosomes. (thetechnoant.info)

This vacuole then fuses with the primary lysosome where the hydrolases digest the macromolecules to sugars, amino acids and nucleotides, which are the primary building blocks of every cell. (biologywise.com)
The primary tasks of a lysosome include the digestion of macromolecules (such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), the repair of the cell membrane, and the reaction to foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and other antigens. (totalpetstores.com)

It is formed by the fusion of a primary lysosome with phagosome or endosome (see below). (anydifferencebetween.com)
The primary lysosome fuses with the phagosome or endosome to form the secondary lysosome. (anydifferencebetween.com)
One primary lysosome fuses with one autophagosome to form the secondary lysosome. (anydifferencebetween.com)

Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion. (nih.gov)

A lysosome is a cell organelle . (wikipedia.org)
In fibroblasts, the lysosome has been identified as a key organelle in resealing. (elsevier.com)
Unlike hormones that affect mTORC1 by inducing protein phosphorylation, the presence of amino acids triggers the movement of the complex from the cytosol to the lysosome, the subcellular organelle where RHEB is constantly located. (molcells.org)
Describe the function of each organelle lysosomes Discover the potential organelle online dating profile answere key lysosome the digital world has to offer. (cloudasfmf.gq)
Describe the function of each organelle lysosomes organelle online dating profile answere key lysosome This content does not have an English version, still a showman! (cloudasfmf.gq)
Organelle online dating profile lysosome Organelle online dating profile lysome answere key, organelle online dating profile lysosome Arguably, by showing up walking-distance profiles, it is easier to engage in casual dates and this may serve as a self-esteem enhancement cellf-love organelle online dating profile lysosome answer key mechanism, as previously discussed, which may increase engagement and usage of online dating services. (cloudasfmf.gq)

In response to nutrient shortage and stresses, the TSC complex inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) at the lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
The mechanisms of lysosome and SG recruitment of mTORC1 are well studied. (frontiersin.org)
Lysosomes are widely recognized as the major signaling platform at which the TSC complex inhibits mTORC1. (frontiersin.org)
While the growth factors like insulin initiate a signaling cascade to induce conformational changes in the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), amino acids cause the complex to localize to the site of activation, the lysosome. (molcells.org)
The precise mechanism of how mTORC1 moves in and out of the lysosome is yet to be elucidated in detail. (molcells.org)
Here we report that microtubules and the motor protein KIF11 are required for the proper dissociation of mTORC1 from the lysosome upon amino acid scarcity. (molcells.org)
When microtubules are disrupted or KIF11 is knocked down, we observe that mTORC1 localizes to the lysosome even in the amino acid-starved situation where it should be dispersed in the cytosol, causing an elevated mTORC1 activity. (molcells.org)
Moreover, in the mechanistic perspective, we discover that mTORC1 interacts with KIF11 on the motor domain of KIF11, enabling the complex to move out of the lysosome along microtubules. (molcells.org)
This direct visualization of leucine sensing and LRS translocation to the lysosome was related to mTORC1 activation. (elsevier.com)

Conversely, stimulating the lysosome pathway increases aggregate removal, thereby improving quiescent neural stem cell activation. (longlonglife.org)
Strengthening the pathway of lysosomes in older quiescent stem cells would counteract the negative effects of their declining activation. (longlonglife.org)
Apoptosis is initiated through various pathways in a cell, one of them being lysosome-mediated apoptotic pathway. (biologywise.com)

The lysosome maintains this pH differential by pumping protons (H+ ions) from the cytosol across the membrane via proton pumps and chloride ion channels. (phys.org)
By temporarily punching holes in the cell membrane, the researchers replaced chloride ions in the cytosol with bulky, negatively charged molecules that can't diffuse into the lysosome. (rupress.org)

Lysosome exocytosis in infected cells occurs independently of sporozoite traversal. (nih.gov)
By convention, lysosome is the term used for animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
The drug uptake characteristics in mammalian cells appeared similar to the ones found in malaria parasites and were probably based on a similar mechanism, i. e. , pinocytosis with subsequent accumulation of CQ-3-H 3 in lysosomes. (aspetjournals.org)
Madson, TH , LaRusso, NF & Dozois, RR 1981, ' Purification of lysosomes from guinea pig gastric mucosal cells by uptake of triton WR-1339 ', Gastroenterology , vol. 80, no. 5 II. (elsevier.com)
Lysosomes in the cells of the secretory glands remove the excess secretory products by degrading the secretory granules. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Recently, lysosomes having secretory function called secretory lysosomes are found in some of the cells, particularly in the cells of immune system. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Lysosomes in the cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells secrete perforin and granzymes, which destroy both viral-infected cells and tumor cells. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Secretory lysosomes of mast cells secrete serotonin, which is a vasoconstrictor substance and inflammatory mediator. (anydifferencebetween.com)
In gastric eptithelial cells, local depolymerization of filamentous actin has been identified as a crucial step in resealing: it may function to remove a barrier to lysosome-plasma membrane contact leading to exocytotic fusion. (elsevier.com)
Recent studies suggest that lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) can bind cell surface amelogenin and act as signaling receptors for amelogenin in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and cementoblasts in vitro. (elsevier.com)
The investigators hypothesize that the creation of amyloid aggregates begins with the formation of "amyloid seeds," early aggregations of the Aβ peptide that forms plaques, in the lysosomes of neural cells. (wustl.edu)
Further experiments in the intracellular environment showed that the majority of protein aggregates of quiescent cells were contained in lysosomes. (longlonglife.org)
With age, the activity of the lysosome is disrupted, causing the accumulation of protein aggregates and affecting the activation of quiescent neural stem cells. (longlonglife.org)
Lysosomes keep neuronal stem cells young. (longlonglife.org)
Plant cells rarely contain lysosomes. (biologywise.com)
The lysosomes of the neighboring cells bring about the residual digestion of these components. (biologywise.com)
Where are lysosomes found in animal cells? (totalpetstores.com)
What does the lysosome do in plant and animal cells? (totalpetstores.com)
What the difference between lysosomes in plant and animal cells? (totalpetstores.com)
Rab7b, a novel lysosome-associated small GTPase, is involved in monocytic differentiation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. (nih.gov)
Live-cell imaging probes developed by Spirochrome are cell-permeable compounds which stain microtubules (SiR-Tubulin), F-actin (SiR-Actin), Lysosomes (SiR-Lysosome) and chromosomal DNA (SiR-DNA) in living cells. (cytoskeleton.com)

The data indicate a close relationship between the ability of influenza virus to ablate normal intracellular lysosome-phagosome fusion with subsequent depression of bactericidal functions of PMNL. (jci.org)
Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are all digested by the lysosome, which functions as the digestive system for the cell. (totalpetstores.com)
What are the 5 functions of lysosomes? (totalpetstores.com)

Upon LMP, phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase type 2α (PI4K2A) accumulates rapidly on damaged lysosomes, generating high levels of the lipid messenger phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. (nature.com)
Finally, the lipid transfer protein ATG2 is also recruited to damaged lysosomes where its activity is potently stimulated by phosphatidylserine. (nature.com)
The lysosome is like a bag that consisted of a single layer of the lipid bilayer membrane. (actuinde.com)

Lysosomes are therefore known as the digestive system of the cell and serve to degrade substances taken up from outside the cell and to digest elements the cell no. (actuinde.com)
How do lysosomes digest food? (totalpetstores.com)

Inhibition of neutrophil lysosome-phagosome fusion associated with influenza virus infection in vitro. (jci.org)

Lysosomes can maintain their acidity in macrophages that carry the chloride transporter ClC-7 (green, left image) and in macrophages lacking the transporter (right). (rupress.org)
Several approaches were used to study the determinants of phagosome-lysosome {P-L} fusion in intact mouse macrophages. (rockefeller.edu)
Kielian, Margaret Carol, "Characterization of Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion in Macrophages" (1981). (rockefeller.edu)

Since it is likely that malaria parasites accumulate CQ in lysosomes, it was proposed that CQ resistance might be based on some form of insufficiency of the plasmodial lysosomes. (aspetjournals.org)

Lysosomes are polymorphic and exist as primary, secondary, autophagic and secretory lysosomes. (biologywise.com)

By developing novel tools and harnessing the power of metabolomics, proteomics and functional genomics, our lab will define 1) how the lysosome communicates with other cellular compartments to fulfill the metabolic demands of the cell under various metabolic states, 2) and how its dysfunction leads to rare and common human diseases. (abu-remaileh.com)

Intracellular CD40L is stored in secretory lysosomes, and colocalizes more strongly with Fas ligand than with CTLA-4, two other molecules that are delivered to the cell surface following antigen recognition. (elsevier.com)

The conventional lysosomes are modified into secretory lysosomes by combining with secretory granules (which contain the particular secretory product of the cell). (anydifferencebetween.com)

It may be possible to eliminate this breakdown of the electrical signals in axons by targeting PLD3 or other molecules that regulate lysosomes, independent of the presence of plaques," Grutzendler says. (androidizer.com)

Knockdown of SNARE proteins involved in lysosome-plasma membrane fusion reduces lysosome exocytosis and Plasmodium infection. (nih.gov)
In contrast, promoting fusion between the lysosome and plasma membrane dramatically increases infection. (nih.gov)
Lysosomes were labeled with the fluorescent vital dye acridine orange and the rate and extent of their fusion with yeast-containing phagosomes was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. (rockefeller.edu)
Fusion was also assayed by electron microscopy, using horseradish peroxidase or thorium dioxide as markers for secondary lysosomes. (rockefeller.edu)
Lysosome Fusion Maintains Phagosome Integrity during Fungal Infection. (hki-jena.de)

Certain proteases present in lysosomes have been identified as one of the initiators for such cell death. (biologywise.com)

With a wider definition, lysosomes are found in the cytoplasm of plant and protists as well as animal cell . (wikipedia.org)
[3] Sometimes, when the cell itself is dying or is dead the lysosomes will eat up the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Blocking phosphorylation reduces trafficking to the lysosome, stabilizing PI4KIIα and its cargo proteins for redistribution throughout the cell. (portlandpress.com)
The secondary lysosome containing these degraded waste products moves through cytoplasm and fuses with cell membrane. (anydifferencebetween.com)
McNeil, PL 2002, ' Repairing a torn cell surface: Make way, lysosomes to the rescue ', Journal of Cell Science , vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 873-879. (elsevier.com)
In a recent publication in Science magazine[1], Stanford University researchers found that quiescent neural stem cell activation could be improved by enhancing lysosome activity. (longlonglife.org)
However, the microglia in our cell culture experiments were unable to degrade the amyloid beta even though it was in the lysosomes. (curealz.org)
What Does The Lysosome Do In An Animal Cell? (totalpetstores.com)
Lysosomes perform the role of the digestive system of the cell. (totalpetstores.com)
In addition, lysosomes play a part in the process of phagocytosis, which is when a cell engulfs a molecule in order to break it down. (totalpetstores.com)
What is the function of a lysosome in an animal cell kids? (totalpetstores.com)
Rab7b regulates dendritic cell migration by linking lysosomes to the actomyosin cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
As part of the BORC complex may play a role in lysosomes movement and localization at the cell periphery. (bt-laboratory.com)
DiNardo AR, Mace EM, Lesteberg K, Cirillo JD, Mandalakas AM, Graviss EA, Orange JS, Makedonas G. Schistosome Soluble Egg Antigen Decreases Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Effector Function With Concomitant Arrest of Macrophage Phago-Lysosome Maturation. (ucdenver.edu)

The rapid upregulation of cathepsin B was out of step with the prolonged accumulation of Aβ within lysosomes, and contrasted with enzymatic responses to internalized photoreceptor outer segments (POS). (ox.ac.uk)

The TSC complex subunit 1 (TSC1) binds lysosomes via phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]. (frontiersin.org)
The Ragulator complex is a protein complex consisting of five subunits, which is attached to the cytosolic surface of the lysosome and binds to the C-terminal domains of RagA/B and RagC/D. When amino acids are present, RagA/B in the Rag complex is in GTP-bound form whereas RagC/D is GDP-bound. (molcells.org)

This project investigates a potential mechanism of amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, i.e., the mechanism through which early aggregation of amyloid occurs in lysosomes. (wustl.edu)

Homogenates had been centrifuged at 800×at 4 °C for 10 min to acquire P1 pellets (filled with the heaviest mobile components like the nuclei and supplementary lysosomes) and supernatants (S1). (immune-source.com)

Secondary lysosome , which is the active lyso some. (anydifferencebetween.com)
Increased mitotic activity, indicating reparative response secondary to the celldamage, was observed in the endothelium of lysosome- injected eyes. (arvojournals.org)

The name lysosome derives from the Greek words lysis , to separate , and soma , body . (phys.org)
The word 'lysosome' is derived from the two Greek words - 'lysis' (destruction) and 'soma' (body). (biologywise.com)

We demonstrate that in infected hepatocytes, lysosomes are redistributed away from the nucleus, and surface exposure of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) is increased. (nih.gov)

Researchers assumed that lysosomes counteract the increase in positive charge by allowing in negatively charged chloride ions through channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, the protein that's defective in cystic fibrosis. (rupress.org)

As hyphae grow, the expanding phagosome consumes the majority of free lysosomes. (hki-jena.de)

Using genetic and molecular tools we will then perform followup studies to establish the role of the lysosome in tissue homeostasis. (abu-remaileh.com)
These findings place MALT1 as a new druggable target involved in glioblastoma and unveil ways to modulate the homeostasis of endo-lysosomes. (biorxiv.org)

Since sucrose has been reported to increase the size and enzymatic activity of lysosomes this observation suggested that increased size and/or enzymatic activity of the lysosomes was associated with increased cellular CQ-3-H 3 . (aspetjournals.org)

Moreover, we provide pharmacological and biochemical evidence that this Ca(2+) store is the reserve granule, the functional equivalent of a lysosome in the sea urchin egg. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy23

Organisms1

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

A cytomegalovirus glycoprotein re-routes MHC class I complexes to lysosomes for degradation. (1/6965)

Identification of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2/megalin as an endocytic receptor for seminal vesicle secretory protein II. (2/6965)

Purification of gibberellic acid-induced lysosomes from wheat aleurone cells. (3/6965)

Impaired lysosomal processing of beta2-microglobulin by infiltrating macrophages in dialysis amyloidosis. (4/6965)

5'-Nucleotidase activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. II. Cellular distribution and effects of endocytosis. (5/6965)

Macrophage plasminogen activator: induction by asbestos is blocked by anti-inflammatory steroids. (6/6965)

Opposing motor activities of dynein and kinesin determine retention and transport of MHC class II-containing compartments. (7/6965)

Endometrial lysosomal enzyme activity in normal cycling endometrium. (8/6965)

Lysosomes

Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins

Endosomes

Acid Phosphatase

Endocytosis

Phagosomes

Cathepsin D

Autophagy

Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2

Microscopy, Electron

Cathepsins

Protein Transport

Vacuoles

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases

Receptor, IGF Type 2

Cell Fractionation

Golgi Apparatus

Biological Transport

Chloroquine

rab GTP-Binding Proteins

Subcellular Fractions

Mannosephosphates

Organelles

Glucuronidase

Mucolipidoses

Organoids

Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Cathepsin B

Cell Line

Cell Compartmentation

Intracellular Membranes

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Liver

Androstenes

Cell Membrane

Hydrolases

Arylsulfatases

Histocytochemistry

Cells, Cultured

Acetylglucosaminidase

Multivesicular Bodies

Ammonium Chloride

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Horseradish Peroxidase

Membrane Fusion

Macrophages

Hexosaminidases

Vesicular Transport Proteins

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Cathepsin L

Asialoglycoproteins

Cytoplasmic Granules

Fibroblasts

Antigens, CD63

Leupeptins

Cystinosis

Phagocytosis

Microscopy, Confocal

Macrolides

Sulfatases

Pepstatins

Exocytosis

Membrane Proteins

Fetuins

rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins

Adaptor Protein Complex 3

Kinetics

HeLa Cells

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

Cytoplasm

Membrane Glycoproteins

Saposins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Niemann-Pick Diseases

Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport

Proteins

Cricetinae

Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases

Dextrans