AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, Agriculture
PhagosomesLysosomesLysosome-Associated Membrane GlycoproteinsPhagocytosisEndosomesMacrophagesrab5 GTP-Binding ProteinsAcid PhosphataseCathepsin DEndocytosisVacuolesrab GTP-Binding ProteinsLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2Membrane FusionMicroscopy, ElectronLegionella pneumophilaOrganoidsCell LineProtein TransportIntracellular MembranesAutophagyPinocytosisLatexOrganellesMicrospheresCell FractionationHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCathepsinsAntigens, CD63Cells, CulturedMicroscopy, FluorescenceBiological TransportCell MembraneCytoplasmic GranulesThorium DioxideMycobacterium aviumMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronCell CompartmentationVacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPasesLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1Microscopy, ConfocalReceptor, IGF Type 2Mycobacterium tuberculosisVesicular Transport ProteinsAmmonium ChlorideSubcellular FractionsMacrolidesHorseradish PeroxidaseMembrane ProteinsGolgi ApparatusMembrane GlycoproteinsAcidsZymosanActinsNADPH OxidasePhagocytesChediak-Higashi SyndromePhosphatidylinositol PhosphatesNeutrophilsListeria monocytogenesbeta-N-AcetylhexosaminidasesCytosolHistocytochemistryTransport VesiclesPigment Epithelium of EyeMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealChloroquineAntigen PresentationMannosephosphatesMycobacterium smegmatisCytoplasmGlucuronidaseEndoplasmic ReticulumMice, Inbred C57BLAnnexin A3MucolipidosesAntigens, CDLysosomal Storage DiseasesModels, BiologicalKineticsIntracellular FluidMycobacterium marinumMycobacteriaceaeHypochlorous AcidCathepsin BFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGreen Fluorescent ProteinsDextransDictyosteliumCentrifugation, Density GradientQa-SNARE ProteinsMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionMycobacteriumMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium kansasiiCarrier ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-hckMutationLiverCell FusionReceptors, IgGCricetinaeHeLa CellsExocytosisProteinsAndrostenesXanthenesMycobacterium phleiOpsonin ProteinsMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsHydrolasesFibroblastsMice, KnockoutRecombinant Fusion ProteinsElectron Probe MicroanalysisSorting NexinsArylsulfatasesSalmonella typhimurium
Phagosomes: Membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles formed by invagination of phagocytized material. They fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes in which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome digest the phagocytized material.Lysosomes: A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins: Ubiquitously expressed integral membrane glycoproteins found in the LYSOSOME.Phagocytosis: The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).Endosomes: Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.Macrophages: The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins: A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.Cathepsin D: An intracellular proteinase found in a variety of tissue. It has specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. The enzyme is involved in catabolism of cartilage and connective tissue. EC 3.4.23.5. (Formerly EC 3.4.4.23).Endocytosis: Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.Vacuoles: Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.rab GTP-Binding Proteins: A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that play a key role in cellular secretory and endocytic pathways. EC 3.6.1.-.Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2: An abundant lysosomal-associated membrane protein that has been found to shuttle between LYSOSOMES; ENDOSOMES; and the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Loss of expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 is associated with GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE IIB.Membrane Fusion: The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Legionella pneumophila: A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE. It has been isolated from numerous environmental sites as well as from human lung tissue, respiratory secretions, and blood.Organoids: An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Protein Transport: The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.Intracellular Membranes: Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.Autophagy: The segregation and degradation of damaged or unwanted cytoplasmic constituents by autophagic vacuoles (cytolysosomes) composed of LYSOSOMES containing cellular components in the process of digestion; it plays an important role in BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS of amphibians, in the removal of bone by osteoclasts, and in the degradation of normal cell components in nutritional deficiency states.Pinocytosis: The engulfing of liquids by cells by a process of invagination and closure of the cell membrane to form fluid-filled vacuoles.Latex: A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchouc. Latex is composed of 25-35% caoutchouc, 60-75% water, 2% protein, 2% resin, 1.5% sugar & 1% ash. RUBBER is made by the removal of water from latex.(From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). Hevein proteins are responsible for LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY. Latexes are used as inert vehicles to carry antibodies or antigens in LATEX FIXATION TESTS.Organelles: Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.Microspheres: Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.Cell Fractionation: Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Cathepsins: A group of lysosomal proteinases or endopeptidases found in aqueous extracts of a variety of animal tissues. They function optimally within an acidic pH range. The cathepsins occur as a variety of enzyme subtypes including SERINE PROTEASES; ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; and CYSTEINE PROTEASES.Antigens, CD63: Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Microscopy, Fluorescence: Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.Cell Membrane: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Cytoplasmic Granules: Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.Mycobacterium avium: A bacterium causing tuberculosis in domestic fowl and other birds. In pigs, it may cause localized and sometimes disseminated disease. The organism occurs occasionally in sheep and cattle. It should be distinguished from the M. avium complex, which infects primarily humans.Microscopy, Immunoelectron: Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.Cell Compartmentation: A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc.Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases: Proton-translocating ATPases that are involved in acidification of a variety of intracellular compartments.Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1: An abundant lysosomal-associated membrane protein that has been found to shuttle between LYSOSOMES; ENDOSOMES; and the PLASMA MEMBRANE. In PLATELETS and T-LYMPHOCYTES it may play a role in the cellular degranulation process.Microscopy, Confocal: A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.Receptor, IGF Type 2: A receptor that is specific for IGF-II and mannose-6-phosphate. The receptor is a 250-kDa single chain polypeptide which is unrelated in structure to the type 1 IGF receptor (RECEPTOR, IGF TYPE 1) and does not have a tyrosine kinase domain.Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.Vesicular Transport Proteins: A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.Subcellular Fractions: Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)Macrolides: A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.Horseradish Peroxidase: An enzyme isolated from horseradish which is able to act as an antigen. It is frequently used as a histochemical tracer for light and electron microscopy. Its antigenicity has permitted its use as a combined antigen and marker in experimental immunology.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Golgi Apparatus: A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)Membrane Glycoproteins: Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.Acids: Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)ZymosanActins: Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.NADPH Oxidase: A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.Phagocytes: Cells that can carry out the process of PHAGOCYTOSIS.Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates: Phosphatidylinositols in which one or more alcohol group of the inositol has been substituted with a phosphate group.Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.Listeria monocytogenes: A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases: A hexosaminidase specific for non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides. It acts on GLUCOSIDES; GALACTOSIDES; and several OLIGOSACCHARIDES. Two specific mammalian isoenzymes of beta-N-acetylhexoaminidase are referred to as HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Deficiency of the type A isoenzyme causes TAY-SACHS DISEASE, while deficiency of both A and B isozymes causes SANDHOFF DISEASE. The enzyme has also been used as a tumor marker to distinguish between malignant and benign disease.Cytosol: Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.Histocytochemistry: Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.Transport Vesicles: Vesicles that are involved in shuttling cargo from the interior of the cell to the cell surface, from the cell surface to the interior, across the cell or around the cell to various locations.Pigment Epithelium of Eye: The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.Macrophage Activation: The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.Macrophages, Peritoneal: Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.Antigen Presentation: The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)Mannosephosphates: Phosphoric acid esters of mannose.Mycobacterium smegmatis: A rapid-growing, nonphotochromogenic species of MYCOBACTERIUM originally isolated from human smegma and found also in soil and water. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Cytoplasm: The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)GlucuronidaseEndoplasmic Reticulum: A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Mice, Inbred C57BLAnnexin A3: A protein of the annexin family that catalyzes the conversion of 1-D-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate and water to 1-D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate.Mucolipidoses: A group of inherited metabolic diseases characterized by the accumulation of excessive amounts of acid mucopolysaccharides, sphingolipids, and/or glycolipids in visceral and mesenchymal cells. Abnormal amounts of sphingolipids or glycolipids are present in neural tissue. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and skeletal changes, most notably dysostosis multiplex, occur frequently. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, pp36-7)Antigens, CD: Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defects in specific lysosomal hydrolases and resulting in intracellular accumulation of unmetabolized substrates.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Intracellular Fluid: The fluid inside CELLS.Mycobacterium marinum: A moderate-growing, photochromogenic species found in aquariums, diseased fish, and swimming pools. It is the cause of cutaneous lesions and granulomas (swimming pool granuloma) in humans. (Dorland, 28th ed)Mycobacteriaceae: A family of gram-positive bacteria found in soil and dairy products and as parasites on animals and man. Several are important pathogens.Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.Cathepsin B: A lysosomal cysteine proteinase with a specificity similar to that of PAPAIN. The enzyme is present in a variety of tissues and is important in many physiological and pathological processes. In pathology, cathepsin B has been found to be involved in DEMYELINATION; EMPHYSEMA; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, and NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.Green Fluorescent Proteins: Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.Dextrans: A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.Dictyostelium: A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.Centrifugation, Density Gradient: Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Qa-SNARE Proteins: A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position as syntaxin 1A in the SNARE complex and which also are most similar to syntaxin 1A in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. This subfamily is also known as the syntaxins, although a few so called syntaxins are Qc-SNARES.Microscopy, Electron, Transmission: Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.Mycobacterium: A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts.Mycobacterium bovis: The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis.Mycobacterium kansasii: A slow-growing, photochromogenic species that is the etiologic agent of a tuberculosis-like disease in humans and is frequently isolated from human pulmonary secretions or tubercles. The incidence of infection is sharply increased among immunocompromised individuals. (Dorland, 28th ed)Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-hck: Members of the src-family tyrosine kinase family that are strongly expressed in MYELOID CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Cell Fusion: Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.Receptors, IgG: Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).Cricetinae: A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Exocytosis: Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.Proteins: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.Androstenes: Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings.Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.Mycobacterium phlei: A saprophytic bacterium widely distributed in soil and dust and on plants.Opsonin Proteins: Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.Microtubule-Associated Proteins: High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.Hydrolases: Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Electron Probe Microanalysis: Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.Sorting Nexins: A large family of phosphatidylinositol phosphate-binding proteins that are involved in mediating intracellular transport and sorting of proteins via a variety of endocytic pathways.Arylsulfatases: Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phenol sulfate to yield a phenol and sulfate. Arylsulfatase A, B, and C have been separated. A deficiency of arylsulfatases is one of the causes of metachromatic leukodystrophy (LEUKODYSTROPHY, METACHROMATIC). EC 3.1.6.1.Salmonella typhimurium: A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.
Mitochondria associated membranes (MAM)Mitochondria associated membranes (MAM)
DigestionDigestion
Cathepsin SCathepsin S
MacrophageMacrophage
CathelicidinCathelicidin
PhagocytePhagocyte
Intracellular digestionIntracellular digestion
Philip DArcy HartPhilip D'Arcy Hart
Aspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatus
Innate immune systemInnate immune system
Listeria monocytogenesListeria monocytogenes
Rhodococcus equiRhodococcus equi
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
Legionnaires diseaseLegionnaires' disease
Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis
RILP (gene)RILP (gene)
Chédiak-Higashi syndromeChédiak-Higashi syndrome
Biological membraneBiological membrane
Nonspecific immune cellNonspecific immune cell
CORO1ACORO1A
PhagolysosomePhagolysosome
Antibody-dependent enhancementAntibody-dependent enhancement
EndocytosisEndocytosis
Swine brucellosisSwine brucellosis
Major histocompatibility complexMajor histocompatibility complex
Dictyostelium discoideumDictyostelium discoideum
Macrophage - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMacrophage - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
InflammationInflammation
NocardiaNocardia
Immune systemImmune system
PeroxisomePeroxisome
AutophagyAutophagy
AutophagyAutophagy
Type IV hypersensitivityType IV hypersensitivity
Intracellular transportIntracellular transport
MicronucleusMicronucleus
PhagosomePhagosome
DigestionDigestion
IRGsIRGs
endoplasmic reticulumendoplasmic reticulum
LysosomeLysosome
தின்குழியமை - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாதின்குழியமை - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
MacrophageMacrophage
Biological membraneBiological membrane
Endomembrane systemEndomembrane system
Polyclonal B cell responsePolyclonal B cell response
பெருவிழுங்கி - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாபெருவிழுங்கி - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
Cell (biology)Cell (biology)
Leishmania donovaniLeishmania donovani
List of MeSH codes (A11)List of MeSH codes (A11)
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, Agriculture
PhagosomesLysosomesLysosome-Associated Membrane GlycoproteinsPhagocytosisEndosomesMacrophagesrab5 GTP-Binding ProteinsAcid PhosphataseCathepsin DEndocytosisVacuolesrab GTP-Binding ProteinsLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2Membrane FusionMicroscopy, ElectronLegionella pneumophilaOrganoidsCell LineProtein TransportIntracellular MembranesAutophagyPinocytosisLatexOrganellesMicrospheresCell FractionationHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCathepsinsAntigens, CD63Cells, CulturedMicroscopy, FluorescenceBiological TransportCell MembraneCytoplasmic GranulesThorium DioxideMycobacterium aviumMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronCell CompartmentationVacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPasesLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1Microscopy, ConfocalReceptor, IGF Type 2Mycobacterium tuberculosisVesicular Transport ProteinsAmmonium ChlorideSubcellular FractionsMacrolidesHorseradish PeroxidaseMembrane ProteinsGolgi ApparatusMembrane GlycoproteinsAcidsZymosanActinsNADPH OxidasePhagocytesChediak-Higashi SyndromePhosphatidylinositol PhosphatesNeutrophilsListeria monocytogenesbeta-N-AcetylhexosaminidasesCytosolHistocytochemistryTransport VesiclesPigment Epithelium of EyeMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealChloroquineAntigen PresentationMannosephosphatesMycobacterium smegmatisCytoplasmGlucuronidaseEndoplasmic ReticulumMice, Inbred C57BLAnnexin A3MucolipidosesAntigens, CDLysosomal Storage DiseasesModels, BiologicalKineticsIntracellular FluidMycobacterium marinumMycobacteriaceaeHypochlorous AcidCathepsin BFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGreen Fluorescent ProteinsDextransDictyosteliumCentrifugation, Density GradientQa-SNARE ProteinsMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionMycobacteriumMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium kansasiiCarrier ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-hckMutationLiverCell FusionReceptors, IgGCricetinaeHeLa CellsExocytosisProteinsAndrostenesXanthenesMycobacterium phleiOpsonin ProteinsMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsHydrolasesFibroblastsMice, KnockoutRecombinant Fusion ProteinsElectron Probe MicroanalysisSorting NexinsArylsulfatasesSalmonella typhimurium
Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages by soluble extracts of virulent Brucella abortus. - PubMed - NCBIInhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages by soluble extracts of virulent Brucella abortus. - PubMed - NCBI
Effect of gamma-interferon on phagosome-lysosome fusion in Salmonella typhimurium-infected murine macrophages. - PubMed - NCBIEffect of gamma-interferon on phagosome-lysosome fusion in Salmonella typhimurium-infected murine macrophages. - PubMed - NCBI
CiNii 論文 - HVEM Observation of Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion in the Pigment Epithelium ...CiNii 論文 - HVEM Observation of Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion in the Pigment Epithelium ...
The Legionnaires disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocytes. | JEMThe Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocytes. | JEM
Simvastatin induces autophagic flux to restore cerulein-impaired phagosome-lysosome fusion in acute pancreatitisSimvastatin induces autophagic flux to restore cerulein-impaired phagosome-lysosome fusion in acute pancreatitis
ATP-Mediated Killing of Intracellular Mycobacteria by Macrophages is a P2X7-Dependent Process Inducing Bacterial Death by...ATP-Mediated Killing of Intracellular Mycobacteria by Macrophages is a P2X7-Dependent Process Inducing Bacterial Death by...
Implication of phagosome-lysosome fusion in restriction of Mycobacterium avium growth in bone marrow macrophages from...Implication of phagosome-lysosome fusion in restriction of Mycobacterium avium growth in bone marrow macrophages from...
Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in ovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes by Ehrlichia (Cytoecetes) phagocytophila. -...Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion in ovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes by Ehrlichia (Cytoecetes) phagocytophila. -...
Lysosomal enzyme trafficking between phagosomes, endosomes, and lysosomes in J774 macrophages. Enrichment of cathepsin H in...Lysosomal enzyme trafficking between phagosomes, endosomes, and lysosomes in J774 macrophages. Enrichment of cathepsin H in...
RESPONSE OF CULTURED MACROPHAGES TO MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON FUSION OF LYSOSOMES WITH PHAGOSOMES |...RESPONSE OF CULTURED MACROPHAGES TO MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON FUSION OF LYSOSOMES WITH PHAGOSOMES |...
Phagosome-lysosome fusion: Characterization of intracellular membrane fusion in mouse macrophages<...Phagosome-lysosome fusion: Characterization of intracellular membrane fusion in mouse macrophages<...
Phagosome - WikipediaPhagosome - Wikipedia
Dynein Clusters into Lipid Microdomains on Phagosomes to Drive Rapid Transport toward Lysosomes. | CCAMPDynein Clusters into Lipid Microdomains on Phagosomes to Drive Rapid Transport toward Lysosomes. | CCAMP
Mitochondria associated membranes (MAM) - WikipediaMitochondria associated membranes (MAM) - Wikipedia
Frontiers | Biofilm-derived Legionella pneumophila evades the innate immune response in macrophages | Cellular and Infection...Frontiers | Biofilm-derived Legionella pneumophila evades the innate immune response in macrophages | Cellular and Infection...
Cytosolic free Ca2+ signals in single adherent human neutrophils: Generation and functional role | SpringerLinkCytosolic free Ca2+ signals in single adherent human neutrophils: Generation and functional role | SpringerLink
Virulent Mycobacterium fortuitum restricts NO production by a gamma interferon-activated J774 cell line and phagosome-lysosome...Virulent Mycobacterium fortuitum restricts NO production by a gamma interferon-activated J774 cell line and phagosome-lysosome...
The kinetics of phagosome maturation as a function of phagosome/lysosome fusion and acquisition of hydrolytic activity<...The kinetics of phagosome maturation as a function of phagosome/lysosome fusion and acquisition of hydrolytic activity<...
Autophagic cell death: the story of a misnomerAutophagic cell death: the story of a misnomer
Macrophage - New World EncyclopediaMacrophage - New World Encyclopedia
Macrophage - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaMacrophage - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MEROPS - the Peptidase DatabaseMEROPS - the Peptidase Database
Anti-TLR7 antibody (ab113524) | AbcamAnti-TLR7 antibody (ab113524) | Abcam
Rab7a - Ras-related protein Rab-7a - Rattus norvegicus (Rat) - Rab7a gene & proteinRab7a - Ras-related protein Rab-7a - Rattus norvegicus (Rat) - Rab7a gene & protein
Macrophage - WikipediaMacrophage - Wikipedia
KEGG T01001: 1520KEGG T01001: 1520
Catabolism of Sialyl Compounds in Nature | SpringerLinkCatabolism of Sialyl Compounds in Nature | SpringerLink
Pla2g5 - Phospholipase A2 group V precursor - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Pla2g5 gene & proteinPla2g5 - Phospholipase A2 group V precursor - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Pla2g5 gene & protein
Phagosome - FactbitesPhagosome - Factbites
Free Anatomy Flashcards about A&PI-Ch3Free Anatomy Flashcards about A&PI-Ch3
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, Agriculture
PhagosomesLysosomesLysosome-Associated Membrane GlycoproteinsPhagocytosisEndosomesMacrophagesrab5 GTP-Binding ProteinsAcid PhosphataseCathepsin DEndocytosisVacuolesrab GTP-Binding ProteinsLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2Membrane FusionMicroscopy, ElectronLegionella pneumophilaOrganoidsCell LineProtein TransportIntracellular MembranesAutophagyPinocytosisLatexOrganellesMicrospheresCell FractionationHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCathepsinsAntigens, CD63Cells, CulturedMicroscopy, FluorescenceBiological TransportCell MembraneCytoplasmic GranulesThorium DioxideMycobacterium aviumMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronCell CompartmentationVacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPasesLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1Microscopy, ConfocalReceptor, IGF Type 2Mycobacterium tuberculosisVesicular Transport ProteinsAmmonium ChlorideSubcellular FractionsMacrolidesHorseradish PeroxidaseMembrane ProteinsGolgi ApparatusMembrane GlycoproteinsAcidsZymosanActinsNADPH OxidasePhagocytesChediak-Higashi SyndromePhosphatidylinositol PhosphatesNeutrophilsListeria monocytogenesbeta-N-AcetylhexosaminidasesCytosolHistocytochemistryTransport VesiclesPigment Epithelium of EyeMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealChloroquineAntigen PresentationMannosephosphatesMycobacterium smegmatisCytoplasmGlucuronidaseEndoplasmic ReticulumMice, Inbred C57BLAnnexin A3MucolipidosesAntigens, CDLysosomal Storage DiseasesModels, BiologicalKineticsIntracellular FluidMycobacterium marinumMycobacteriaceaeHypochlorous AcidCathepsin BFluorescent Antibody TechniqueGreen Fluorescent ProteinsDextransDictyosteliumCentrifugation, Density GradientQa-SNARE ProteinsMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionMycobacteriumMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium kansasiiCarrier ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-hckMutationLiverCell FusionReceptors, IgGCricetinaeHeLa CellsExocytosisProteinsAndrostenesXanthenesMycobacterium phleiOpsonin ProteinsMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsHydrolasesFibroblastsMice, KnockoutRecombinant Fusion ProteinsElectron Probe MicroanalysisSorting NexinsArylsulfatasesSalmonella typhimurium
Enhanced phagosome-lysosome fusionVesicleEndosomesInhibit phagosome-lysosome fusionPlasma membraneInhibition of phagosome-lysosomeLysosomalAvoid fusion with lysosomesFuses with the lysosomeFusion of the phagosomeBacteriumVesiclesPhagolysosomeMycobacteriumLatex bead-containingAcidification of the phagosomeEnzymesBiogenesisPrevents the phagosomeCellsCompartmentsMacrophage activationEndoplasmicMembrane ProteinMurine macrophagesBacilliDigestionAntigenFormationPathwayCell membraneSimilarityAutophagosomesMacrophages infected
Enhanced phagosome-lysosome fusion1
Vesicle4
Endosomes10
Inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion2
Plasma membrane5
Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome4
Lysosomal10
Avoid fusion with lysosomes1
Fuses with the lysosome1
Fusion of the phagosome1
  • Then, we found research performed by another group in 2004, in which it was shown that the fusion of the phagosome and lysosome was blocked due to these enzymes. (rug.nl)
Bacterium9
Vesicles4
Phagolysosome2
Mycobacterium4
Latex bead-containing1
Acidification of the phagosome1
Enzymes4
Biogenesis2
Prevents the phagosome1
  • This finding suggested that the molecule works as an antacid and prevents the phagosome from reaching the level of acidity required to fuse with the lysosome. (rug.nl)
Cells10
  • Effect of colchicine on the three-dimensional organization of elongated lysosomes(Nematolysosomes) in rat pancreatic exocrine cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Here, we show that dynein motors physically cluster into microdomains on the membrane of a phagosome as it matures inside cells. (ccamp.res.in)
  • In this report, we describe a quantitative assay for phagosome-lysosome fusion (PLF) and its use to measure the levels of PLF in cells that have been infected with either wild-type L. pneumophila or one of several mutants defective in different icm genes or dotA . (asm.org)
  • Proposed to play a role in zinc homeostasis probably implicating its association with TMEM163 (PubMed:25130899) In adaptive immunity, TRPML2 and TRPML1 may play redundant roles in the function of the specialized lysosomes of B cells. (rcsb.org)
  • Cells that lack LAMP2 express normal levels of VAMP8, but fail to accumulate STX17 on autophagosomes, which is the most likely explanation for the lack of fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes (PubMed:27628032). (genecards.org)
  • Epithelial cells, specifically type II pneumocytes, also internalize conidia which traffic to the lysosome where ingested conidia are destroyed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among them, also viral antigens can end up in the lysosomes, in virally infected cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we describe a new approach designed to monitor the proteolytic activity of maturing phagosomes in live antigen-presenting cells. (rupress.org)
  • In non-polarized cells, lysosome exocytosis facilitates rapid resealing of torn membranes. (biologists.org)
  • We find that in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, calcium ionophores or pore-forming toxins cause lysosomes to fuse predominantly with the basolateral membrane. (biologists.org)
Compartments4
Macrophage activation1
Endoplasmic1
Membrane Protein2
  • The lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) family includes the dendritic cell endocytic receptors DC-LAMP and CD68, as well as LAMP-1 and LAMP-2. (jimmunol.org)
  • Immunoelectron microscopy of macrophages infected with M. avium indicates that the parasitophoric vacuolar membrane possesses the late endosomal marker lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 but lacks the vesicular proton-ATPase ( 34 ). (asm.org)
Murine macrophages3
Bacilli3
Digestion1
Antigen1
Formation2
Pathway2
  • The p38alpha-MAPK pathway-dependent trafficking of LPSs to lysosomes requires TLR4. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)
  • These peptides are produced mainly from antigens that have been internalized and processed in the endocytic pathway of APCs, where they meet class II molecules en route to the cell surface ( 1 , 2 ). (rupress.org)
Cell membrane1
Similarity2
Autophagosomes1
Macrophages infected1
  • Tests with macrophages infected with M. tubercuolsis show that the phagosomes only swell significantly in the presence of the enzyme Rv3378c needed to produce 1-TbAd. (rug.nl)
Macrophage - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Macrophage - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (simple.wikipedia.org)
Anti-TLR7 antibody [4F4] (ab28048) | Abcam
Anti-TLR7 antibody [4F4] (ab28048) | Abcam (abcam.com)
The Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocytes. | JEM
The Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocytes. | JEM (jem.rupress.org)
Macrophage - Wikipedia
Macrophage - Wikipedia (en.m.wikipedia.org)
KEGG T01001: 1520
KEGG T01001: 1520 (genome.jp)
Anti-RILP antibody (ab140188) | Abcam
Anti-RILP antibody (ab140188) | Abcam (abcam.com)
Catabolism of Sialyl Compounds in Nature | SpringerLink
Catabolism of Sialyl Compounds in Nature | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Host Defense Flashcards by Lizzie Muller | Brainscape
Host Defense Flashcards by Lizzie Muller | Brainscape (brainscape.com)
Immunology | MindMeister Mind Map
Immunology | MindMeister Mind Map (mindmeister.com)
Histoplasmosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Histoplasmosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Frontiers | Controlling Extra- and Intramacrophagic Mycobacterium abscessus by Targeting Mycolic Acid Transport | Cellular and...
Frontiers | Controlling Extra- and Intramacrophagic Mycobacterium abscessus by Targeting Mycolic Acid Transport | Cellular and... (frontiersin.org)
Phagosome - Wikipedia
Phagosome - Wikipedia (en.m.wikipedia.org)
PPT - Host Defenses PowerPoint Presentation - ID:959685
PPT - Host Defenses PowerPoint Presentation - ID:959685 (slideserve.com)
Tobias Meyer | Stanford Medicine Profiles
Tobias Meyer | Stanford Medicine Profiles (med.stanford.edu)
Phagocytosis [image] | EurekAlert! Science News
Phagocytosis [image] | EurekAlert! Science News (eurekalert.org)
A conserved amino acid sequence directing intracellular type III secretion by Salmonella typhimurium | PNAS
A conserved amino acid sequence directing intracellular type III secretion by Salmonella typhimurium | PNAS (pnas.org)
Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes | Nature Reviews Immunology
Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes | Nature Reviews Immunology (nature.com)
Frontiers | Friend, Foe or Both? Immune Activity in Alzheimer's Disease | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Frontiers | Friend, Foe or Both? Immune Activity in Alzheimer's Disease | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (frontiersin.org)
Chap 16 Reading Worksheet (16) | Phagocyte | Complement System
Chap 16 Reading Worksheet (16) | Phagocyte | Complement System (scribd.com)
Leading bugs to the death chamber: A kinder face of cholesterol | EurekAlert! Science News
Leading bugs to the death chamber: A kinder face of cholesterol | EurekAlert! Science News (eurekalert.org)
Activator of G-Protein Signaling 3-Induced Lysosomal Biogenesis Limits Macrophage Intracellular Bacterial Infection | The...
Activator of G-Protein Signaling 3-Induced Lysosomal Biogenesis Limits Macrophage Intracellular Bacterial Infection | The... (jimmunol.org)
Surface LAMP-2 Is an Endocytic Receptor That Diverts Antigen Internalized by Human Dendritic Cells into Highly Immunogenic...
Surface LAMP-2 Is an Endocytic Receptor That Diverts Antigen Internalized by Human Dendritic Cells into Highly Immunogenic... (jimmunol.org)
Tuberculosis Bacteria Hide in the Body and Spreads Infection
Tuberculosis Bacteria Hide in the Body and Spreads Infection (medindia.net)
Frontiers | Mucosal Therapy of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis With IgA and Interferon-γ | Immunology
Frontiers | Mucosal Therapy of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis With IgA and Interferon-γ | Immunology (frontiersin.org)
PPT - Infectious Diseases PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2297937
PPT - Infectious Diseases PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2297937 (slideserve.com)
Aspergillus fumigatus - Wikipedia
Aspergillus fumigatus - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death elicited by anticancer chemotherapy | SpringerLink
Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death elicited by anticancer chemotherapy | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Difference between revisions of Mycobacterium leprae -- Leprosy - microbewiki
Difference between revisions of "Mycobacterium leprae -- Leprosy" - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)
Frontiers | Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative Bacteria: A Perspective Update | Microbiology
Frontiers | Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative Bacteria: A Perspective Update | Microbiology (frontiersin.org)