Luteolin. Medical search

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.

A plant genus of the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Members contain iridoid glucosides.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is an ingredient of Banxia Houpu (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL).

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common names of daisy or marguerite are easily confused with other plants. Some species in this genus have been reclassified to TANACETUM.

Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.

A group of FLAVONOLS based on kaempferol. They are derived from naringenin and can be hydroxylated to QUERCETIN or reduced to leucopelargonidin.

The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).

Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.

A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

A group of 4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. The common names of beebalm or lemonbalm are also used for MONARDA.

Application of pharmaceutically active agents on the tissues of the EYE.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.

A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.

The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.

A cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.

Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

Homogeneous liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved, i.e., molecularly dispersed, in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents. For reasons of their ingredients, method of preparation, or use, they do not fall into another group of products.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that has long been used in folk medicine for treating wounds.

A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Oleuropein, a phenolic secoiridoid glycoside, is found in the leaves.

Functionalization of exogenous substances to prepare them for conjugation in PHASE II DETOXIFICATION. Phase I enzymes include CYTOCHROME P450 enzymes and some OXIDOREDUCTASES. Excess induction of phase I over phase II detoxification leads to higher levels of FREE RADICALS that can induce CANCER and other cell damage. Induction or antagonism of phase I detoxication is the basis of a number of DRUG INTERACTIONS.

Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.

A plant genus of subsucculent annual or perennial plants in the family BALSAMINACEAE, order Geraniales.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)

The above-ground plant without the roots.

5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.

A family of proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylic acids such as LACTIC ACID and PYRUVIC ACID across cellular membranes.

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes formation of root nodules on some, but not all, types of sweet clover, MEDICAGO SATIVA, and fenugreek.

A highly vascularized extra-embryonic membrane, formed by the fusion of the CHORION and the ALLANTOIS. It is mostly found in BIRDS and REPTILES. It serves as a model for studying tumor or cell biology, such as angiogenesis and TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A light-sensitive neuroendocrine organ attached to the roof of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain. The pineal gland secretes MELATONIN, other BIOGENIC AMINES and NEUROPEPTIDES.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.

Enzymes that catalyze the exohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages with release of alpha-glucose. Deficiency of alpha-1,4-glucosidase may cause GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE II.

Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.

A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.

A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.

Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.

The reproductive organs of plants.

DNA of kinetoplasts which are specialized MITOCHONDRIA of trypanosomes and related parasitic protozoa within the order KINETOPLASTIDA. Kinetoplast DNA consists of a complex network of numerous catenated rings of two classes; the first being a large number of small DNA duplex rings, called minicircles, approximately 2000 base pairs in length, and the second being several dozen much larger rings, called maxicircles, approximately 37 kb in length.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.

A viral oncoprotein originally isolated from a murine T CELL LYMPHOMA infected with the acutely transforming retrovirus AKT8. v-akt protein is the viral homologue of PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-AKT.

An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.

The cellular signaling system that halts the progression of cells through MITOSIS or MEIOSIS if a defect that will affect CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION is detected.

The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is closely related in structure to the INSULIN RECEPTOR. Although commonly referred to as the IGF-I receptor, it binds both IGF-I and IGF-II with high affinity. It is comprised of a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The beta subunit contains an intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Glycosides of GLUCURONIC ACID formed by the reaction of URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCURONIC ACID with certain endogenous and exogenous substances. Their formation is important for the detoxification of drugs, steroid excretion and BILIRUBIN metabolism to a more water-soluble compound that can be eliminated in the URINE and BILE.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression through the CELL CYCLE. They ensure that the cell has completed, in the correct order and without mistakes, all the processes required to replicate the GENOME and CYTOPLASM, and divide them equally between two daughter cells. If cells sense they have not completed these processes or that the environment does not have the nutrients and growth hormones in place to proceed, then the cells are restrained (or "arrested") until the processes are completed and growth conditions are suitable.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Transcription factors that form transcription initiation complexes on DNA, bind to specific DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES and are required to initiate transcription. Although their binding may be localized to distinct sequence and structural motifs within the DNA they are considered non-specific with regard to the specific gene being transcribed.

A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II. Included in this category are a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS which target the eukaryotic form of topoisomerase II and ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS which target the prokaryotic form of topoisomerase II.

The finer blood vessels of the vasculature that are generally less than 100 microns in internal diameter.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.

A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.

Enzyme that catalyzes the movement of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionone to a catechol or a catecholamine.

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A continuous cell line that is a substrain of SWISS 3T3 CELLS developed though clonal isolation. The mouse fibroblast cells undergo an adipose-like conversion as they move to a confluent and contact-inhibited state.

Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASE I.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

A protein serine-threonine kinase that catalyzes the PHOSPHORYLATION of I KAPPA B PROTEINS. This enzyme also activates the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B and is composed of alpha and beta catalytic subunits, which are protein kinases and gamma, a regulatory subunit.

A family of ribosomal protein S6 kinases that are considered the major physiological kinases for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6. Unlike RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, 90KDa the proteins in this family are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of RAPAMYCIN and contain a single kinase domain. They are referred to as 70kDa proteins, however ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of mRNAs for proteins in this class also results in 85kDa variants being formed.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Examinations used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.

Splitting the DNA into shorter pieces by endonucleolytic DNA CLEAVAGE at multiple sites. It includes the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, which along with chromatin condensation, are considered to be the hallmarks of APOPTOSIS.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

Endothelial cells that line venous vessels of the UMBILICAL CORD.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

A short pro-domain caspase that plays an effector role in APOPTOSIS. It is activated by INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. Isoforms of this protein exist due to multiple alternative splicing of its MESSENGER RNA.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.

The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.

A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and APOPTOSIS. They specifically cleave peptides at a CYSTEINE amino acid that follows an ASPARTIC ACID residue. Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.

Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

Protective effect of flavonoids on endothelial cells against linoleic acid hydroperoxide-induced toxicity. (1/177)

The protective effect of flavonoids against linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LOOH)-induced cytotoxicity was examined by using cultured endothelial cells. When the cells were incubated with both LOOH and flavonoids, most flavonols protected the cells from injury by LOOH. Flavones bearing an ortho-dihydroxy structure also showed a protective effect against the cytotoxicity of LOOH. However, flavanones had no effect. The structure-activity relationship revealed the presence of either the ortho-di-hydroxy structure in the B ring of the flavonoids or 3-hydroxyl and 4-oxo groups in the C ring to be important for the protective activities. The interaction between flavonoids and a-tocopherol was also examined in this system. Flavonoids that were protective against LOOH-induced cytotoxicity had at least an additive effect on the action of alpha-tocopherol against LOOH-induced damage. (+info)

Effects of luteolin and quercetin, inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, on cell growth and metastasis-associated properties in A431 cells overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor. (2/177)

1. Flavonoids display a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory. Anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-cancer effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of eight flavonoids on the tumour cell proliferation, cellular protein phosphorylation, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) secretion. 2. Of the flavonoids examined, luteolin (Lu) and quercetin (Qu) were the two most potent agents, and significantly inhibited A431 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 19 and 21 micronM, respectively. 3. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 nM) promoted growth of A431 cells (+25+/-4.6%) and mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation of EGFR were inhibited by Lu and Qu. At concentration of 20 micronM, both Lu and Qu markedly decreased the levels of phosphorylation of A431 cellular proteins, including EGFR. 4. A431 cells treated with Lu or Qu exhibited protuberant cytoplasmic blebs and progressive shrinkage morphology. Lu and Qu also time-dependently induced the appearance of a ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation, and this effect was abolished by EGF treatment. 5. The addition of EGF only marginally diminished the inhibitory effect of luteolin and quercetin on the growth rate of A431 cells, treatment of cellular proteins with EGF and luteolin or quercetin greatly reduced protein phosphorylation, indicating Lu and Qu may act effectively to inhibit a wide range of protein kinases, including EGFR tyrosine kinase. 6. EGF increased the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), while Lu and Qu appeared to suppress the secretion of these two MMPs in A431 cells. 7. Examination of the relationship between the chemical structure and inhibitory effects of eight flavonoids reveal that the double bond between C2 and C3 in ring C and the OH groups on C3' and C4' in ring B are critical for the biological activities. 8. This study demonstrates that the inhibitory effects of Lu and Qu, and the stimulatory effects of EGF, on tumour cell proliferation, cellular protein phosphorylation, and MMP secretion may be mediated at least partly through EGFR. This study supports the idea that Lu and Qu may have potential as anti-cancer and anti-metastasis agents. (+info)

Luteolin, an abundant dietary component is a potent anti-leishmanial agent that acts by inducing topoisomerase II-mediated kinetoplast DNA cleavage leading to apoptosis. (3/177)

BACKGROUND: Plant-derived flavonoids, which occur abundantly in our daily dietary intake, possess antitumor, antibacterial, and free radical scavenging properties. They form active constituents of a number of herbal and traditional medicines. Several flavonoids have been shown to exert their action by interacting with DNA topoisomerases and promoting site-specific DNA cleavage. Therefore, flavonoids are potential candidates in drug design. We report here that, although the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin are potent antileishmanial agents, luteolin has great promise for acting as a lead compound in the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis, a major concern in developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle cleavage in drug-treated parasites was measured by electrophoresis of the total cellular DNA, followed by Southern hybridization using 32P labeled kDNA as a probe. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Annexin V. RESULTS: Luteolin and quercetin inhibited the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro, inhibited DNA synthesis in promastigotes, and promoted topoisomerase-II-mediated linearization of kDNA minicircles. The IC50 values of luteolin and quercetin were 12.5 microM and 45.5 microM, respectively. These compounds arrest cell cycle progression in L. donovani promastigotes, leading to apoptosis. Luteolin has no effect on normal human T-cell blasts. Both luteolin and quercetin reduced splenic parasite burden in animal models. CONCLUSION: Luteolin and quercetin are effective antileishmanial agents. Quercetin has nonspecific effects on normal human T cells, but luteolin appears nontoxic. So, luteolin can be a strong candidate for antileishmanial drug design. (+info)

Flavonoids inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. (4/177)

We investigated the growth inhibitory activity of several flavonoids, including apigenin, luteolin, kaempherol, quercetin, butein, isoliquiritigenin, naringenin, genistein, and daizein against B16 mouse melanoma 4A5 cells. Isoliquiritigenin and butein, belonging to the chalcone group, markedly suppressed the growth of B16 melanoma cells and induced cell death. The other flavonoids tested showed little growth inhibitory activity and scarcely caused cell death. In cells treated with isoliquiritigenin or butein, condensation of nuclei and fragmentation of nuclear DNA, which are typical phenomena of apoptosis, were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining and by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA. Flowcytometric analysis showed that isoliquiritigenin and butein increased the proportion of hypodiploid cells in the population of B16 melanoma cells. These results demonstrate that isoliquiritigenin and butein inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma cells. Extracellular glucose decreased the proportion of hypodiploid cells that appeared as a result of isoliquiritigenin treatment. p53 was not detected in cells treated with either of these chalcones, however, protein of the Bcl-2 family were detected. The level of expression of Bax in cells treated with either of these chalcones was markedly elevated and the level of Bcl-XL decreased slightly. Isoliquiritigenin did not affect Bcl-2 expression, but butein down-regulated Bcl-2 expression. From these results, it seems that the pathway by which the chalcones induce apoptosis may be independent of p53 and dependent on proteins of the Bcl-2 family. It was supposed that isoliquiritigenin induces apoptosis in B16 cells by a mechanism involving inhibition of glucose transmembrane transport and promotion of Bax expression. On the other hand, it was suggested that butein induces apoptosis via down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and promotion of Bax expression. This mechanism differs from the isoliquiritigenin induction pathway. (+info)

Luteolin inhibits an endotoxin-stimulated phosphorylation cascade and proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. (5/177)

Flavonoids are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds with a wide distribution throughout the plant kingdom. In the present study, we compared the ability of several flavonoids to modulate the production of proinflammatory molecules from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and investigated their mechanism(s) of action. Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 with luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside, quercetin, and the isoflavonoid genistein inhibited both the LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 release, whereas eriodictyol and hesperetin only inhibited TNF-alpha release. From the compounds tested luteolin and quercetin were the most potent in inhibiting cytokine production with an IC(50) of less than 1 and 5 microM for TNF-alpha release, respectively. To determine the mechanisms by which flavonoids inhibit LPS signaling, we used luteolin and determined its ability to interfere with total protein tyrosine phosphorylation as well as Akt phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Pretreatment of the cells with luteolin attenuated LPS-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of many discrete proteins. Moreover, luteolin inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of Akt. Treatment of macrophages with LPS resulted in increased IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and reduced the levels of IkappaB-alpha. Pretreatment of cells with luteolin abolished the effects of LPS on IkappaB-alpha. To determine the functional relevance of the phosphorylation events observed with IkappaB-alpha, macrophages were transfected either with a control vector or a vector coding for the luciferase reporter gene under the control of kappaB cis-acting elements. Incubation of transfected RAW 264.7 cells with LPS increased luciferase activity in a luteolin-sensitive manner. We conclude that luteolin inhibits protein tyrosine phosphorylation, nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated gene expression and proinflammatory cytokine production in murine macrophages. (+info)

Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and amylase by luteolin, a flavonoid. (6/177)

Twenty-one naturally occurring flavonoids were tested for inhibitory activities against alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1). Luteolin, amentoflavone, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and daidzein were the strongest inhibitors among the compounds tested. Luteolin inhibited alpha-glucosidase by 36% at the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and was stronger than acarbose, the most widely prescribed drug, in inhibitory potency, suggesting that it has the possibility to effectively suppress postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Luteolin also inhibited alpha-amylase effectively although it was less potent than acarbose. The clinical value of luteolin needs to be further evaluated. (+info)

In vitro absorption and metabolism of nobiletin, a chemopreventive polymethoxyflavonoid in citrus fruits. (7/177)

The polymethoxyflavonoid (PMF), nobiletin (NOB), specifically occurs in citrus fruits, and is currently believed to be a promising anti-inflammatory and antitumor promoting agent. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro absorption and metabolism of NOB and compared them with those of the polyhydroxyflavonoid (PHF), luteolin (LT). NOB preferentially accumulated in a differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer, which is a model for small intestinal epithelial cells, while LT did not. Treatment of NOB with a rat liver S-9 mixture led to the formation of 3'-demethyl-NOB, while that of LT did not. We thus suggest that PMFs including NOB have properties distinct from those of general flavonoids for absorption and metabolism in vitro. (+info)

Deglucuronidation of a flavonoid, luteolin monoglucuronide, during inflammation. (8/177)

In this study, we investigated whether luteolin monoglucuronide was converted to free aglycone during inflammation using human neutrophils stimulated with ionomycin/cytochalasin B and rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). beta-Glucuronidase activity was assayed using 4-methylumbelliferyl-glucuronide and methanol extracts of rat plasma containing luteolin monoglucuronide. The released 4-methylumbelliferone, a fluorescent molecule, was quantified by fluorometry. Deglucuronidation of luteolin monoglucuronide was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. HPLC analyses showed that the supernatants obtained from neutrophils stimulated with ionomycin/cytochalasin B hydrolyzed luteolin monoglucuronide to free luteolin. beta-Glucuronidase activity in human serum from patients on hemodialysis increased significantly compared with that from healthy volunteers. The beta-glucuronidase activity in rat plasma increased after i.v. injection of LPS. The ratio of luteolin to luteolin monoglucuronide in plasma of LPS-treated rats also increased. These results suggest that during inflammation beta-glucuronidase is released from stimulated neutrophils or certain injured cells and then deglucuronidation of flavonoids occurs. (+info)

... is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, with a yellow crystalline appearance. Luteolin is the principal yellow dye compound ... Tambor synthesized luteolin. Luteolin is most often found in leaves, but it is also seen in rinds, barks, clover blossom, and ... Luteolin was first isolated in pure form, and named, in 1829 by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul. The luteolin ... "Intestinal absorption of luteolin and luteolin 7-O-[beta]-glucoside in rats and humans". FEBS Letters. 438 (3): 220-24. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteolin

Other names in common use include o-dihydric phenol methyltransferase, luteolin methyltransferase, luteolin 3'-O- ... In enzymology, a luteolin O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.42) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L- ... luteolin), whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone. This enzyme belongs to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteolin_O-methyltransferase

Luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase is an enzyme that uses UDP-glucuronate and luteolin to produce UDP and luteolin 7-O-beta-D ... Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide 2"-O-glucuronosyltransferase is an enzyme that uses UDP-glucuronate and luteolin 7-O-beta-D- ... Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide is a chemical compound that is classified as a flavone. It is found in Acanthus hirsutus and in rye ( ... doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80175-4. Anhalt, Stephan; Weissenböck, Gottfried (1992). "Subcellular localization of luteolin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide

... luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucuronate and luteolin, whereas its two ... In enzymology, a luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.189) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucuronate:luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase. Other names in common use ... include uridine diphosphoglucuronate-luteolin 7-O-glucuronosyltransferase, and LGT. Schulz M, Weissenbock G (1988). "3 specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteolin_7-O-glucuronosyltransferase

... luteolin 7-O-beta-D-diglucuronide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + luteolin 7-O-[beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->2)-beta-D- ... luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide-glucuronosyltransferase, UDPglucuronate:luteolin, 7-O-diglucuronide-4'-O-glucuronosyl-transferase, ... In enzymology, a luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide 4'-O-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.191) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucuronate:luteolin-7-O-beta-D-diglucuronide 4'-O-glucuronosyltransferase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide_4'-O-glucuronosyltransferase

... luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + luteolin 7-O-[beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1→2)-beta-D- ... In enzymology, a luteolin-7-O-glucuronide 2"-O-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.190) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucuronate:luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide 2''-O-glucuronosyltransferase. ... doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80175-4. Anhalt S, Weissenböck G (April 1992). "Subcellular localization of luteolin glucuronides and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide_2"-O-glucuronosyltransferase

T. megapotamicum contains luteolin. It also appears that many of the species contain a very similar chromatographic profile, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelesperma

It is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main ... Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase Orientin, the 8-C glucoside of luteolin. Hypoglycaemic activity of Gentiana olivieri and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoorientin

... and luteolin; and coumarin. Chamomile, a relative of ragweed, can cause allergy symptoms and can cross-react with ragweed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matricaria_chamomilla

It is the 8-C glucoside of luteolin. Orientin is found in Adonis vernalis, in Anadenanthera colubrina and Anadenanthera ... Its identification using mass spectrometry is established Isoorientin (or homoorientin) is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientin

Gutiérrez-Venegas, Gloria; Kawasaki-Cárdenas, Perla; Rita Arroyo-Cruz, Santa; Maldonado-Frías, Silvia (2006-07-10). "Luteolin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naringenin

It is a 7-O-glucoside of luteolin. It can be found in Ferula varia and F. foetida in Campanula persicifolia and C. rotundifolia ... Teslov, L. S.; Teslov, S. V. (1972). "Cynaroside and luteolin from Campanula persicifolia and C. Rotundifolia". Chemistry of ... Flavone 7-O-beta-glucosyltransferase adds a glucose to luteolin. A cynaroside 7-O-glucosidase has been identified in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynaroside

It is the 7-O-neohesperidoside of luteolin. It can be found in Veronicastrum sibiricum var. japonicum and in Teucrium ... japonicum Hara und Synthese des Luteolin-7-neohesperidosids (Veronicastrosid)". Chemische Berichte (in German). 102 (9): 3009- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronicastroside

Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in some neurons. Jones SA, Scheller J, Rose-John S (2011). "Therapeutic strategies for the ... Jang S, Kelley KW, Johnson RW (2008). "Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-IL-6

... contains the bioactive agents apigenin and luteolin. The total antioxidant capacity of artichoke flower heads is one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke

Among the effective flavonoids, luteolin from Lonicera japonica sp., isorhamnetin from Opuntia ficus-indica, genistein from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotrophin_mimetics

japonicum Hara und Synthese des Luteolin-7-neohesperidosids (Veronicastrosid). Hiroyuki Inouye, Yasuhiko Aoki, Hildebert Wagner ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronicastrum_sibiricum

... luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-О-glucuronide, orientin, isoorientin, phenylpropanoids acteoside (verbascoside), ... Glyzin, V. I.; Peshkova, V. A.; Khokhrina, T. A. (November 1972). "Luteolin 7-β-D-glucosiduronic acid from Phlomis tuberosa". ... Phytochemical analyses of Phlomoides tuberosa leaves have found flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, luteolin, ... The roots shown the presence of oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, verbascose, flavonoids luteolin, linarin, quercitrin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlomoides_tuberosa

Various species contain apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, other flavonoids and ecdysteroids. Species Serratula alata Desf. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratula

Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. Other secondary metabolites reported from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorzonera

Luteolin has been found to be a strong inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The compound can inhibit the enzyme up to 36% with a ... Kim JS, Kwon CS, Son KH (November 2000). "Inhibition of α-glucosidase and amylase by luteolin, a flavonoid". Biosci. Biotechnol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-glucosidase

Luteolin - anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Quercetin - 3-O-β-D-galactoside is common in plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadogia_homblei

... is a flavone, chemically the 3'-methoxy derivative of luteolin. Diosmetin is one of three possible regioisomers of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysoeriol

Her group discovered that a flavone (luteolin) derived from alfalfa seed extracts is necessary for activation of nodulation ... Peters, NK; Frost, JW; Long, SR (29 August 1986). "A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti ... Peters, NK; Frost, JW; Long, SR (29 August 1986). "A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_R._Long

Hartwig UA, Maxwell CA, Joseph CM, Phillips DA (January 1990). "Chrysoeriol and Luteolin Released from Alfalfa Seeds Induce nod ... Peters NK, Frost JW, Long SR (August 1986). "A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation ... luteolin, 3′,5-dimethoxyluteolin, 5-methoxyluteolin, medicarpin, stachydrine, and trigonelline. These compounds attract S. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensifer_meliloti

Zhao G, Qin GW, Wang J, Chu WJ, Guo LH (2010). "Functional activation of monoamine transporters by luteolin and apigenin ... 2010). "Discovery and synthesis of novel luteolin derivatives as DAT agonists". Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18 (22): 7842-8. doi:10.1016 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuptake_enhancer

Luteolin, supplement extracted from peanuts that also possesses IGF-1 properties. Drotaverine, used to alleviate renal colic ... Yu MC, Chen JH, Lai CY, Han CY, Ko WC (2009). "Luteolin, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of phosphodiesterases 1-5, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor

Luteolin beets, artichokes, celery, carrots, celeriac, rutabaga, parsley, mint, chamomile, lemongrass, chrysanthemum. Flavan-3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_phytochemicals_in_food

An, Sang Mi; Kim, Hyo Jung; Kim, Jung-Eun; Boo, Yong Chool (2008). "Flavonoids, taxifolin and luteolin attenuate cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxifolin

Other compounds identified in the fruit include the polyphenols, luteolin, and kaempferol. In the Malabar Coast, it is known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_gummi-gutta

Luteolin, a lemon blam flavonoid, may contribute to reducing anxiety through modulating motor movements and locomotion. ... Our data suggest that luteolin does not produce anxiolysis by modulation of the GABAA receptor; however, luteolin may modulate ... flumazenil and luteolin, and (5) midazolam and luteolin. The behavioral component of anxiety was examined by using the elevated ... Luteolin is a major component of the essential oil lemon balm. We divided 55 rats into 5 groups: (1) control (negative control ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/article/luteolin-lemon-blam-flavonoid-may-contribute-reducing-anxiety-through-modulati

To see if luteolin might have a similar effect in vivo, the researchers gave mice luteolin-laced drinking water for 21 days ... But how was luteolin inhibiting production of IL-6?. Jang began by looking at a class of proteins involved in intracellular ... Jang found that luteolin inhibited JNK phosphorylation in microglial cell culture. The failure of the JNK to activate the AP-1 ... Jang showed that luteolin was shutting down production of a key cytokine in the inflammatory pathway, interleukin-6 (IL-6). The ...

https://www.science20.com/news_releases/luteolin_flavonoid_in_celery_may_impact_multiple_sclerosis

Mailuoning and Luteolin Prevents High Glucose-induced Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic ... Shimoi K, Okada H, Furugori M, Goda T, Takase S, Suzuki M, et al. Intestinal absorption of luteolin and luteolin 7-O-β- ... 5: Effect of luteolin on high glucose-treated RMECs. Luteolin (A) treatment reversed the effects of high glucose treatment on B ... Mechanism studies have shown that mailuoning and luteolin could inhibit p-VEGFR2. Mailuoning and luteolin could prevent high ...

https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/mailuoning-and-luteolin-prevents-high-glucoseinduced-human-retinal-microvascular-endothelial-cell-apoptosis-in-diabetic-retinopath-3910.html?aid=3910

However, luteolin did not appear to be useful in modulating the levels of IL-8, since only a high concentration of luteolin (80 ... ELISA results showed that the IL-8 production in cells treated with 80 µM luteolin was decreased, whereas 20 and 40 µM luteolin ... Exposure of these cells to luteolin also resulted in a dose‑dependent decrease in clonogenic ability. Next, luteolin was found ... These cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of luteolin, and then allowed to grow for the next 10 days. Luteolin ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/or.2016.5336

Enquiry for China Luteolin 491-70-3 of Hangzhou FST Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. , China Luteolin 491-70-3 Suppliers & China ... Chinachemnet , Sign in , Join NowLuteolin Manufacturers, China Luteolin Suppliers, China Luteolin Exporters ...

http://www.chinachemnet.com/15861/Luteolin-enquiry-1922193.html

High-Luteolin Foods • Celery. • Parsley. • Chamomile tea. • Herbs - oregano, rosemary and spearmint. • Olive oil. • Carrots The ... Scientists have now discovered the link between a flavonoid compound called luteolin and brain health. Older mice in a recent ... Linked to a decreased risk of heart disease and cancer, celery (which is high in luteolin) reduces inflammation naturally. This ... leaves of most plants contain luteolin so it is very easy to increase your intake of this valuable flavonoid by simply adding ...

http://undergroundhealthreporter.com/health-benefits-of-celery/

Genomics Proteomics and Bioinformatics , CysLT2 Receptors , This study evaluated the interaction of (CI) flavonoids (luteolin ... This study evaluated the interaction of (CI) flavonoids (luteolin, acacetin, and buddleoside) with \amylase. ... This study evaluated the interaction of (CI) flavonoids (luteolin, acacetin, and buddleoside) with \amylase. of the external ... Open in a separate window Physique 1 Chemical structures of buddleoside, acacetin, luteolin, and acarbose 2.?MATERIALS AND ...

http://www.bioinf.org/2020/08/20/%EF%BB%BFthis-study-evaluated-the-interaction-of-ci-flavonoids-luteolin-acacetin-and-buddleoside-with-amylase/

Database on Polyphenols in Foods

http://phenol-explorer.eu/contents/graph?compound_id=229&experimental_method_group_id=1&food_id=774&unit_type=weight

25 mg/kg/d luteolin, 50 mg/kg/d luteolin, 10 mg/kg/d pioglitazone, 50 mg/kg/d luteolin combined with 10 mg/kg/d T0070907 (PPARγ ... Luteolin showed good PPARγ activity according to docking score (score = − 8.2). Luteolin treatment downregulated the infarct ... Pioglitazone plays protective roles similar to luteolin. T0070907 concealed the neuroprotective roles of 50 mg/kg/d luteolin. ... Luteolin exerts neuroprotective roles against inflammation and autophagy of hippocampus induced by cerebral I/R by activating ...

https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-022-03652-8

Name】Luteolin【Source】PeanutHull【CAS Registry number】491-70-3【Molecular Formula】C15H10O6【Molecular Weight】286.23【Detection ... Name】Luteolin. 【Source】PeanutHull. 【CAS Registry number】491-70-3. 【Molecular Formula】C15H10O6. 【Molecular Weight】286.23. 【 ... Name】Luteolin【Source】PeanutHull【CAS Registry number】491-70-3【Molecular Formula】C15H10O6【Molecular Weight】286.23【Detection ...

http://www.dsybio.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=612

深入研究「Stimulation of Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis by luteolin through enhancement of histone H3 acetylation and c-Jun activation ... Stimulation of Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis by luteolin through enhancement of histone H3 acetylation and c-Jun activation in HL ...

https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/stimulation-of-fasfasl-mediated-apoptosis-by-luteolin-through-enh/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Additionally, luteolin treatment improved mitochondrial and locomotory activities in primary neurons and Caenorhabditis elegans ... This signaling pathway likely contributed to the observed effect of luteolin on enhanced mitochondrial complexes I and II ... Following dose response curve-dependent selection, we identified the flavonoid luteolin as a primary hit. Further validation in ... In addition, we describe a novel mechanism through which luteolin modulates mitochondrial activity in neuronal models with ...

https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-021-00979-5

Artichoke Extract (Luteolin) vs. Pure Luteolin: Whats the Difference?. Luteolin is not bioavailable on its own if taken as a ... Luteolin is not bioavailable so your body cant use it. Luteolin as part of the Artichoke plant is used by your body. Because ... Artichoke Extract (Luteolin). Artichoke Extract (Luteolin) has been shown to boost memory and learning, improve motivation and ... When luteolin is combined with another natural herb called Forskolin, you get double duty. Luteolin reduces PDE4 which ...

https://nootropicsexpert.com/artichoke-extract-luteolin/?replytocom=21214

Product References: Our Luteolin is purified, dried and packed in the GMP standard environment and can be used for final ...

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Lets explore Luteolin vs. Lutein, along with its health benefits and dosage. ... Lutein and Luteolin may sound similar, but they are different. ... luteolin luteolin and lutein benefits luteolin vs. lutein. ... Is Luteolin and Lutein the Same?. Although they have a similar name, Lutein and Luteolin are not the same. Lutein is an organic ... Luteolin vs. Lutein Side Effects. When taken orally, Luteolin and Lutein pose no risk and have no known side effects. However, ...

https://healthplugged.com/luteolin-vs-lutein/

Be the first to review "Luteolin per 1 pil kopen" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are ...

https://ikwildoorbehandelen.nl/product/luteolin-per-1-day/

Luteolin. Synonym(s). : 3′,4′,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone. Empirical Formula (Hill Notation). : C15H10O6. CAS No.. : 491-70-3. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/FR/en/search/207-741-0?focus=products&page=1&perpage=30&sort=relevance&term=207-741-0&type=egec_number

Its still our same Luteolin Powder formula with Luteolin and Rutin, but weve added L-Theanine thanks to its ability to help ... Our Pediatric Luteolin Powder with L-Theanine for Kids is specifically formulated to be safe and effective for kids aged 2 and ... Its still our same Luteolin Powder formula with Luteolin and Rutin, but weve added L-Theanine thanks to its ability to help ... Our Pediatric Luteolin Powder with L-Theanine for Kids is specifically formulated to be safe and effective for kids aged 2 and ...

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... luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. ... Both luteolin and quercetin inhibited APAP sulfation but not ... METHODS: Two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, were evaluated as potential inhibitors of eight human CYP isoforms, of six UDP ... KEY FINDINGS: Luteolin and quercetin inhibited human CYP isoforms to varying degrees, with greatest potency towards CYP1A2 and ... The findings indicate that luteolin and quercetin are not likely to be of clinical value for preventing or treating APAP- ...

https://go.drugbank.com/articles/A176384

Highlights Nutritional supplements and extracts like Luteolin have benefits and are used by cancer patients and those at- ... For Which Cancer Types Should I Avoid Luteolin Supplement?. Nov 24, 2022 ...

https://addon.life/tag/is-luteolin-supplement-good-for-cancer-patients/

High quality Herbal Pure Luteolin Powder Natural Health Supplement 2 Years Shelf Life from China, Chinas leading pure herbal ... Luteolin is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an agent in the ... Product Name: Luteolin powder. Form: Powder. Appearance : Yellow green powder. Part Used : Bark. Specification: 98% ... Luteolin is a naturally occurring molecule known as bioflavonoid, often found in foods including parsley, artichoke leaves, ...

https://www.herbal-extractpowder.com/china-herbal_pure_luteolin_powder_natural_health_supplement_2_years_shelf_life-12982862.html

Exporter of herbal active ingredients/Luteolin From China. ... Luteolin is most often found in leaves, but it is also seen in ... Luteolin is a ; more specifically, it is one of the more common . It is thought to play an important role in the human body as ... These characteristics of luteolin are also believed to play an important part in the prevention of . Multiple research ... experiments describe luteolin as a biochemical agent that can dramatically reduce inflammation and the symptoms of .. ...

https://www.chinaadditives.net/herbal-active-ingredients-luteolin-600786.html

Plant flavonoid luteolin reduces inflammatory response in the brain Researchers at the University of Illinois report this week ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Promoter-Region&page=5

... luteolin-3,7-di-O-glucoside with the InChIKey BISZYPSIZGKOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N. ... CH$NAME: luteolin-3,7-di-O-glucoside. CH$COMPOUND_CLASS: CLASS1 Flavonoid CLASS2 Flavone CLASS3 Luteolin glycoside. CH$FORMULA ... RECORD_TITLE: Lutl-3p-Glc-7-Glc, luteolin-3,7-di-O-glucoside ; LC-ESI-QQ; MS2. DATE: 2009.02.09. AUTHORS: Sawada Y, Matsuda F ... Lutl-3p-Glc-7-Glc, luteolin-3,7-di-O-glucoside ; LC-ESI-QQ; MS2. Mass Spectrum ...

https://massbank.eu/MassBank/RecordDisplay?id=MSBNK-RIKEN_ReSpect-PS085307

Luteolin in Japanese chrysanthemum extract, highly active pineapple enzyme can relieve the gout attacks, regulate uric acid ... UNIQMAN Luteolin with Bromelain Veg Capsules【Gout Relief】. SGD $105.65 ~ 211.29 SGD $65.78 ~ 125.58. ... UNIQMAN Luteolin with Bromelain Veg Capsules【Gout Relief】. Deal with gout pain, swelling, inflammition, regulate uric acid ... Luteolin is beneficial to regulation of uric acid production and metabolism in 4 weeks.. 2. Bromelain, pineapple enzyme. Highly ...

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No.7: Luteolin. It is a bio-flabonoid known for its strong antioxidant action and its anti-inflammatory properties. ...

https://bodymedia.com/prime-male-review/

1. Apigenin and luteolin glycosides from aerial parts. J Agric.Food Chem. 2001;49:753-758. View abstract. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/19.html

A new co-ultramicronized composite including palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin to prevent neuroinflammation in spinal cord ... a formulation including PEA and the antioxidant compound luteolin (Lut), subjected to an ultramicronization process, co- ... a formulation including PEA and the antioxidant compound luteolin (Lut), subjected to an ultramicronization process, co- ...

https://iris.unime.it/handle/11570/2654403

luteolin. −7.05. 6.76. chrysoeriol. −6.90. 8.72. quercetin-o-glucoside. −6.85. 9.46. isorhamnetin. −6.72. 11.86. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4717

Luteolin Reduces Alzheimers Disease Pathologies Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury.. *Luteolin as an anti-inflammatory and ... What makes dandelion useful as anatural nootropic is its large Luteolin content. Luteolin from dandelion is a natural nootropic ... Luteolin is a flavonoid that can eradicate free radicals and act as an anti-inflammatory agent. This is crucial when it comes ... Luteolin, an emerging anti-cancer flavonoid, poisons eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I.. *The Herbal Brain Booster Youve Never ...

https://worldtruth.tv/dandelion-tea-great-for-detox-and-preventing-cancer/

Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. (drugbank.com)
METHODS: Two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, were evaluated as potential inhibitors of eight human CYP isoforms, of six UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms and of APAP glucuronidation and sulfation. (drugbank.com)
Parsley possesses several flavonoids such as apiin and luteolin, and its essential oil contains apiol and myristicin. (medscape.com)

Investigation of the anxiolytic effects of luteolin, a lemon balm flavonoid in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. (greenmedinfo.com)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of luteolin and its potential interaction with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor in male Sprague-Dawley rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
The effects of luteolin exposure were dramatic, resulting in as much as a 90 percent drop in IL-6 production in the LPS-treated cells. (science20.com)
The effects of luteolin on osteoclast differentiation, function in vitro and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. (nih.gov)

3-O-methylquercetin, tangeritin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-8-C-glucoside, luteolin-8-C-glucoside, luteolin-6-C-glucoside, diosmetin and catechin from the methanolic extract of Hyparrhenia hirta employing high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. (who.int)
On top of that chamomile also has some antioxidant activity (thanks to some other active ingredients called matricine, apigenin and luteolin). (incidecoder.com)

KEY FINDINGS: Luteolin and quercetin inhibited human CYP isoforms to varying degrees, with greatest potency towards CYP1A2 and CYP2C8. (drugbank.com)
Both luteolin and quercetin inhibited APAP sulfation but not glucuronidation. (drugbank.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of human CYP activity by luteolin and quercetin occurred with IC50 values exceeding customary in-vivo human exposure with tolerable supplemental doses of these compounds. (drugbank.com)
The findings indicate that luteolin and quercetin are not likely to be of clinical value for preventing or treating APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. (drugbank.com)
Their studies showed that the hydroxylation pattern of the B-ring of the flavons and flavonols, such as luteolin and quercetin, seemed to affect their angionesis and anticancer activity, especially the inhibition of protein kinase activity and antiproliferation. (medscape.com)

The purpose of the study was to determine if luteolin could also reduce inflammation the brain, said animal sciences professor and principal investigator Rodney Johnson. (science20.com)
One of the questions we were interested in is whether something like luteolin, or other bioactive food components, can be used to mitigate age-associated inflammation and therefore improve cognitive function and avoid some of the cognitive deficits that occur in aging," Johnson said. (science20.com)
Linked to a decreased risk of heart disease and cancer, celery (which is high in luteolin) reduces inflammation naturally. (undergroundhealthreporter.com)
Luteolin exerts neuroprotective roles against inflammation and autophagy of hippocampus induced by cerebral I/R by activating PPARγ in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Luteolin is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an agent in the prevention of inflammation, a promoter of carbohydrate metabolism, and an immune system modulator. (herbal-extractpowder.com)
In a Chinese study, luteolin almost completely protected glial cells from free radical damage and inflammation. (alsearsmd.com)
Luteolin inhibits microglial inflammation and improves neuron survival against inflammation. (alsearsmd.com)

In the present study, we demonstrated the effect of luteolin, a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, on the expression and activation of TAM RTKs and the association with its cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Luteolin, a flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory activity, has been reported to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, luteolin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in age-related neurodegenerative disorders, for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes-associated cognitive decline and traumatic brain injury [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lutein is an organic pigment called "the eye vitamin," whereas Luteolin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. (healthplugged.com)
Because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, both Lutein and Luteolin are used as dietary supplements. (healthplugged.com)

Artichoke Extract (Luteolin) vs. Pure Luteolin: What's the Difference? (nootropicsexpert.com)

Mechanism studies have shown that mailuoning and luteolin could inhibit p-VEGFR2. (ijpsonline.com)
Luteolin inhibitsMA-induced hyperactivity and behavioral sensitization in mice through the ERK1/2/ΔFosB pathway, and the JNK signaling pathway might be involved in MA-induced neurodegeneration in the CPu, and luteolin inhibit this process. (semanticscholar.org)

Scientists have now discovered the link between a flavonoid compound called luteolin and brain health . (undergroundhealthreporter.com)

The findings indicate a possible role for luteolin or other bioactive compounds in treating neuroinflammation, Johnson said. (science20.com)
Moreover, luteolin administration ameliorated neuroinflammation and autophagy in damaged hippocampal region. (biomedcentral.com)

Artichoke Extract contains a naturally occurring compound called luteolin . (nootropicsexpert.com)
Since oxidative stress is considered to play an important role in neuroinflammatory disorders, in the present work we studied a new composite, a formulation including PEA and the antioxidant compound luteolin (Lut), subjected to an ultramicronization process, co-ultraPEALut. (unime.it)

On the other hand, the plant flavonoid Luteolin is an antioxidant used for centuries in alternative medicine to treat hypertension, inflammatory illness, and cancer. (healthplugged.com)

Luteolin is not bioavailable on its own if taken as a supplement. (nootropicsexpert.com)
For Which Cancer Types Should I Avoid Luteolin Supplement? (addon.life)

Article: Saebyeol Jang, Keith W. Kelley, and Rodney W. Johnson, 'Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and activation of AP-1', Proc. (science20.com)
Luteolin reduces PDE4 which maintains cellular signal strength. (nootropicsexpert.com)

Jang found that luteolin inhibited JNK phosphorylation in microglial cell culture. (science20.com)
We next found that luteolin abrogated Axl phosphorylation in response to growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), its ligand, implying the inhibitory effect of luteolin on Gas6-induced Axl activation. (spandidos-publications.com)

Both Lutein and Luteolin are types of colorful compounds that have significant medical uses. (healthplugged.com)

Open in a separate window Physique 1 Chemical structures of buddleoside, acacetin, luteolin, and acarbose 2. (bioinf.org)
Reagents Buddleoside (purity: 99.37%), acacetin (purity: 99.8%), and luteolin (purity: 98.92%) were purchased from Chengdu Manst Biotechnology Co. Ltd. \amylase was bought from Shanghai Ryon Biological Technology Co. Ltd.. DPPH and soluble starch were purchased from Changsha LongHe cup and chemical substance experimental components small Co. Ltd. Acarbose (purity? (bioinf.org)

Artichoke Extract (Luteolin) has been shown to boost memory and learning, improve motivation and mood, and stimulate the growth of new neurons in the brain. (nootropicsexpert.com)
Artichoke Extract (Luteolin) is a natural PDE4 inhibitor in the brain. (nootropicsexpert.com)

Is Luteolin and Lutein the Same? (healthplugged.com)
Although they have a similar name, Lutein and Luteolin are not the same. (healthplugged.com)
The primary distinction between Lutein and Luteolin is that Lutein is a carotenoid essential for eye health. (healthplugged.com)

The new study looked at luteolin (LOO-tee-OH-lin), a plant flavonoid known to impede the inflammatory response in several types of cells outside the central nervous system. (science20.com)
Those cells that were also exposed to luteolin showed a significantly diminished inflammatory response. (science20.com)
Jang showed that luteolin was shutting down production of a key cytokine in the inflammatory pathway, interleukin-6 (IL-6). (science20.com)
Luteolin treatment downregulated the infarct area and the pro-inflammatory cytokines levels caused by MCAO/R injury. (biomedcentral.com)

Collectively, our data suggest that TAM RTKs, but not IL-8, are promising therapeutic targets of luteolin to abrogate cell proliferation and to overcome chemoresistance in NSCLC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, we describe a novel mechanism through which luteolin modulates mitochondrial activity in neuronal models with potential therapeutic validity for treatment of a variety of human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

T0070907 concealed the neuroprotective roles of 50 mg/kg/d luteolin. (biomedcentral.com)
Dandelion is also beneficial for brain health and acts as a neuroprotective agent due to its high luteolin content. (worldtruth.tv)

The present study is aimed to determine the mechanism of the protective effect of mailuoning and its main component luteolin on diabetic retinopathy. (ijpsonline.com)

Our Pediatric Luteolin Powder with L-Theanine for Kids is specifically formulated to be safe and effective for kids aged 2 and up. (lutimax.com)
It's still our same Luteolin Powder formula with Luteolin and Rutin, but we've added L-Theanine thanks to its ability to help soothe and relax children without drowsiness! (lutimax.com)
Take a serving of Luteolin Complex Powder and either sprinkle it on your food or dissolve it into a glass of water. (lutimax.com)
Click here to be notified by email when Pediatric Luteolin Powder + L-Theanine For Kids becomes available. (lutimax.com)
What is Luteolin powder? (herbal-extractpowder.com)

Highlights Nutritional supplements and extracts like Luteolin have benefits and are used by cancer patients and those at-genetic risk of cancer. (addon.life)

To see if luteolin might have a similar effect in vivo, the researchers gave mice luteolin-laced drinking water for 21 days before injecting the mice with LPS. (science20.com)
Those mice that were fed luteolin had significantly lower levels of IL-6 in their blood plasma four hours after injection with the LPS. (science20.com)
Older mice in a recent study retained youthful brain functioning when their diet was enriched with luteolin. (undergroundhealthreporter.com)

Next, luteolin was found to decrease the protein levels of all three TAM RTKs in the A549 and A549/CisR cells in a dose‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, we found that luteolin increased contacts between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), contributing to increased mitochondrial calcium (Ca 2+ ) and Ca 2+ -dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Luteolin has been found. (koreamed.org)
Links to Plants Containing Luteolin RESEARCH The listings of research below represents a compilation of scientific articles found on the topic, with a very brief overview description of each article/study. (earthtokathy.com)

Further validation in neuronal models indicated that luteolin increased mitochondrial respiration in primary neurons, despite not affecting mitochondrial mass, structure, or mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, luteolin treatment improved mitochondrial and locomotory activities in primary neurons and Caenorhabditis elegans expressing an expanded polyglutamine tract of the huntingtin protein. (biomedcentral.com)

Exposure of these cells to luteolin also resulted in a dose‑dependent decrease in clonogenic ability. (spandidos-publications.com)

Using electromobility shift assays, which measure the binding of transcription factors to DNA promoters, Jang eventually determined that luteolin inhibited IL-6 production by preventing activator protein-1 (AP-1) from binding the IL-6 promoter. (science20.com)
In addition, Axl promoter activity was decreased by luteolin, indicating that luteolin suppresses Axl expression at the transcriptional level. (spandidos-publications.com)

Further studies indicated that mailuoning and luteolin inhibited the expression of apoptotic protein Bax and upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. (ijpsonline.com)
In a similar manner, in H460 and H460/CisR cells, the protein levels of Axl and Tyro3 were decreased following luteolin treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
Ectopic expression of Axl was observed to attenuate the antiproliferative effect of luteolin, while knockdown of the Axl protein level using a gold nanoparticle-assisted gene delivery system increased its cytotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)

The researchers first studied the effect of luteolin on microglia. (science20.com)
Researchers studied the effect of Luteolin on immune system cells in the brain called microglia . (nootropicsexpert.com)

The leaves of most plants contain luteolin so it is very easy to increase your intake of this valuable flavonoid by simply adding certain foods to your diet. (undergroundhealthreporter.com)
Here are my top picks for foods and herbs rich in luteolin. (alsearsmd.com)

This formula is non-drowsy and in addition to the benefits of Luteolin, Rutin, and L-Theanine, it also works to improve T-cell function in children and adults, boosting their immune systems. (lutimax.com)

Luteolin is beneficial to regulation of uric acid production and metabolism in 4 weeks. (bhks.com.sg)

The binding activity of luteolin to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was calculated via molecular docking analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Luteolin showed good PPARγ activity according to docking score (score = − 8.2). (biomedcentral.com)

Mailuoning and luteolin could prevent high glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy, suggesting that mailuoning and luteolin could be useful in the clinical treatment of diabetic retinopathy. (ijpsonline.com)
Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). After reperfusion, vehicle, 25 mg/kg/d luteolin, 50 mg/kg/d luteolin, 10 mg/kg/d pioglitazone, 50 mg/kg/d luteolin combined with 10 mg/kg/d T0070907 (PPARγ inhibitor) were immediately orally treatment for 7 days. (biomedcentral.com)

This signaling pathway likely contributed to the observed effect of luteolin on enhanced mitochondrial complexes I and II activities. (biomedcentral.com)

We observed the cytotoxic effect of luteolin in parental A549 and H460 cells as well as in cisplatin-resistant A549/CisR and H460/CisR cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In contrast to the inhibitory effect of luteolin on the expression of TAM RTKs, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production was not decreased by luteolin in H460 and H460/CisR cells, while IL-8 production/cell was increased. (spandidos-publications.com)

Following dose response curve-dependent selection, we identified the flavonoid luteolin as a primary hit. (biomedcentral.com)

EMAILWIRE.COM, January 03, 2017 ) This is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Global Luteolin (CAS 491-70-3) Industry with a focus on the Chinese market. (emailwire.com)

Luteolin also decreased LPS-induced transcription of IL-6 in the hippocampus, a brain region that is critical to spatial learning and memory. (science20.com)
Luteolin helps protect the brain and nerves from damage. (healthplugged.com)

Different concentrations of mailuoning and luteolin were added to the cells. (ijpsonline.com)

Luteolin, a lemon blam flavonoid, may contribute to reducing anxiety through modulating motor movements and locomotion. (greenmedinfo.com)
Luteolin is a major component of the essential oil lemon balm. (greenmedinfo.com)

Luteolin Potentially Treating Prostate Cancer and COVID-19 Analyzed by the Bioinformatics Approach: Clinical Findings and Drug Targets. (cdc.gov)

Let's look into Luteolin and Lutein's health benefits and how they differ. (healthplugged.com)

Anatomy26

Organisms19

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes33

Information Science1

Health Care4

Publication Characteristics1

Protective effect of flavonoids on endothelial cells against linoleic acid hydroperoxide-induced toxicity. (1/177)

Effects of luteolin and quercetin, inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, on cell growth and metastasis-associated properties in A431 cells overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor. (2/177)

Luteolin, an abundant dietary component is a potent anti-leishmanial agent that acts by inducing topoisomerase II-mediated kinetoplast DNA cleavage leading to apoptosis. (3/177)

Flavonoids inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. (4/177)

Luteolin inhibits an endotoxin-stimulated phosphorylation cascade and proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. (5/177)

Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and amylase by luteolin, a flavonoid. (6/177)

In vitro absorption and metabolism of nobiletin, a chemopreventive polymethoxyflavonoid in citrus fruits. (7/177)

Deglucuronidation of a flavonoid, luteolin monoglucuronide, during inflammation. (8/177)

Flavonoids

Apigenin

Quercetin

Lonicera

Perilla frutescens

Chrysanthemum

Chamomile

Kaempferols

Lamiaceae

Expectorants

Flavonols

Glucosides

Flavones

Melissa

Administration, Ophthalmic

Plant Extracts

Flavanones

Propylene Glycol

Sodium Oxybate

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium

Solar Energy

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Achillea

Ligustrum

Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I

Picrates

Cerebrum

Impatiens

Cell Line, Tumor

Anti-Allergic Agents

Plant Components, Aerial

Luteolin

Plants, Medicinal

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Apoptosis

Phenols

Mice, Inbred ICR

Cyclohexanones

Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters

Oils, Volatile

Anticarcinogenic Agents

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

Free Radical Scavengers

Sinorhizobium meliloti

Chorioallantoic Membrane

Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Molecular Structure

Antioxidants

Signal Transduction

Glycosides

Plant Leaves

Pineal Gland

HT29 Cells

alpha-Glucosidases

Biflavonoids

Catechols

Fluorenes

Cell Proliferation

Phytotherapy

Encephalitis

Flowers

DNA, Kinetoplast

Cell Survival

Phosphorylation

Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute

Oncogene Protein v-akt

Amsacrine

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Biphenyl Compounds

Polyphenols

M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Microglia

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Receptor, IGF Type 1

Cells, Cultured

Lipopolysaccharides

Glucuronides

Rhizobium

NF-kappa B