Luteinizing hormone. Medical search

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Those protein complexes or molecular sites on the surfaces and cytoplasm of gonadal cells that bind luteinizing or chorionic gonadotropic hormones and thereby cause the gonadal cells to synthesize and secrete sex steroids. The hormone-receptor complex is internalized from the plasma membrane and initiates steroid synthesis.

The beta subunit of luteinizing hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide with structure similar to the beta subunit of the placental chorionic gonadatropin (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN) except for the additional 31 amino acids at the C-terminal of CG-beta. Full biological activity of LH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the LHB gene causes HYPOGONADISM and infertility.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).

Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.

A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.

The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first isolated from the extracts of the HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE; PITUITARY STALK; and NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. In addition, some hypophysiotropic hormones control pituitary cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and hormone synthesis. Some can act on more than one pituitary hormone.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes the ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES that regulate vital functions such as GROWTH; METABOLISM; and REPRODUCTION.

The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.

Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans.

Receptors with a 6-kDa protein on the surfaces of cells that secrete LUTEINIZING HORMONE or FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE, usually in the adenohypophysis. LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE binds to these receptors, is endocytosed with the receptor and, in the cell, triggers the release of LUTEINIZING HORMONE or FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE by the cell. These receptors are also found in rat gonads. INHIBINS prevent the binding of GnRH to its receptors.

Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. They are under the regulation of PITUITARY HORMONES; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. TESTOSTERONE is the major androgen (ANDROGENS) produced.

The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.

Natural hormones secreted by the THYROID GLAND, such as THYROXINE, and their synthetic analogs.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.

A phase of the ESTROUS CYCLE that precedes ESTRUS. During proestrus, the Graafian follicles undergo maturation.

Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).

The period of the MENSTRUAL CYCLE representing follicular growth, increase in ovarian estrogen (ESTROGENS) production, and epithelial proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM. Follicular phase begins with the onset of MENSTRUATION and ends with OVULATION.

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

The surgical removal of one or both testicles.

Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Structurally, they include polypeptide, protein, and glycoprotein molecules.

Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).

Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.

The alpha chain of pituitary glycoprotein hormones (THYROTROPIN; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE) and the placental CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Within a species, the alpha subunits of these four hormones are identical; the distinct functional characteristics of these glycoprotein hormones are determined by the unique beta subunits. Both subunits, the non-covalently bound heterodimers, are required for full biologic activity.

The period in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE that follows OVULATION, characterized by the development of CORPUS LUTEUM, increase in PROGESTERONE production by the OVARY and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the ENDOMETRIUM. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of MENSTRUATION.

A phase of the ESTROUS CYCLES that follows METESTRUS. Diestrus is a period of sexual quiescence separating phases of ESTRUS in polyestrous animals.

A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.

Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.

Cell surface proteins that bind FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A state of sexual inactivity in female animals exhibiting no ESTROUS CYCLE. Causes of anestrus include pregnancy, presence of offspring, season, stress, and pathology.

The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Middle portion of the hypothalamus containing the arcuate, dorsomedial, ventromedial nuclei, the TUBER CINEREUM and the PITUITARY GLAND.

The beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide. Full biological activity of FSH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the FSHB gene causes delayed puberty, or infertility.

A collection of NEURONS, tracts of NERVE FIBERS, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels in the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation provides the mechanism for hypothalamic neuroendocrine (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) regulation of pituitary function and the release of various PITUITARY HORMONES into the systemic circulation to maintain HOMEOSTASIS.

Surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis, or pituitary gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.

A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.

A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.

Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.

Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.

A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Region of hypothalamus between the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE and OPTIC CHIASM.

The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS; the PITUITARY GLAND; the ovaries; and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase.

Hormones produced by the GONADS, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL and PROGESTERONE from the OVARY, and TESTOSTERONE from the TESTIS. The major peptide hormones include ACTIVINS and INHIBINS.

Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.

The period of cyclic physiological and behavior changes in non-primate female mammals that exhibit ESTRUS. The estrous cycle generally consists of 4 or 5 distinct periods corresponding to the endocrine status (PROESTRUS; ESTRUS; METESTRUS; DIESTRUS; and ANESTRUS).

Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.

Raised area at the infundibular region of the HYPOTHALAMUS at the floor of the BRAIN, ventral to the THIRD VENTRICLE and adjacent to the ARCUATE NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS. It contains the terminals of hypothalamic neurons and the capillary network of hypophyseal portal system, thus serving as a neuroendocrine link between the brain and the PITUITARY GLAND.

Method to determine the occurrence of OVULATION by direct or indirect means. Indirect methods examine the effects of PROGESTERONE on cervical mucus (CERVIX MUCUS), or basal body temperature. Direct ovulation detection, generally used in fertility treatment, involves analyses of circulating hormones in blood and ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.

Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.

A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

PROGESTERONE-producing cells in the CORPUS LUTEUM. The large luteal cells derive from the GRANULOSA CELLS. The small luteal cells derive from the THECA CELLS.

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

The flattened stroma cells forming a sheath or theca outside the basal lamina lining the mature OVARIAN FOLLICLE. Thecal interstitial or stromal cells are steroidogenic, and produce primarily ANDROGENS which serve as precusors of ESTROGENS in the GRANULOSA CELLS.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Those protein complexes or molecular sites on the surfaces of gonadal and other sensitive cells that bind gonadotropins and thereby modify the functions of those cells; hCG, LH, and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE are the major specific gonadotropins.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).

Specific high affinity binding proteins for THYROID HORMONES in target cells. They are usually found in the nucleus and regulate DNA transcription. These receptors are activated by hormones that leads to transcription, cell differentiation, and growth suppression. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes (GENES, ERBA): erbA-alpha and erbA-beta for alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors, respectively.

Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.

Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.

Anterior pituitary cells that can produce both FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.

A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.

One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from the PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN precursor. The known members of this group are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin. The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; OPIOID PEPTIDES is used for the broader group.

Absence of menstruation.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.

Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.

The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.

The period following ESTRUS during which the phenomena of estrus subside in those animals in which pregnancy or pseudopregnancy does not occur.

The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.

Sexual union of a male and a female in non-human species.

Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency.

A glycoprotein that causes regression of MULLERIAN DUCTS. It is produced by SERTOLI CELLS of the TESTES. In the absence of this hormone, the Mullerian ducts develop into structures of the female reproductive tract. In males, defects of this hormone result in persistent Mullerian duct, a form of MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM.

Steroidal compounds related to PROGESTERONE, the major mammalian progestational hormone. Progesterone congeners include important progesterone precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with progestational activities.

A peptide of 44 amino acids in most species that stimulates the release and synthesis of GROWTH HORMONE. GHRF (or GRF) is synthesized by neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, GHRF stimulates GH release by the SOMATOTROPHS in the PITUITARY GLAND.

Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.

A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.

A polypeptide that is secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, stimulates mitosis, cell differentiation and cell growth. Species-specific growth hormones have been synthesized.

A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)

Metabolites or derivatives of PROGESTERONE with hydroxyl group substitution at various sites.

Cyst due to the occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland.

A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.

Ductless glands that secrete HORMONES directly into the BLOOD CIRCULATION. These hormones influence the METABOLISM and other functions of cells in the body.

An inactive metabolite of PROGESTERONE by reduction at C5, C3, and C20 position. Pregnanediol has two hydroxyl groups, at 3-alpha and 20-alpha. It is detectable in URINE after OVULATION and is found in great quantities in the pregnancy urine.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A system of NEURONS that has the specialized function to produce and secrete HORMONES, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an ENDOCRINE SYSTEM or organ.

A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Chemical compounds causing LUTEOLYSIS or degeneration.

Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.

Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.

A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)

The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, and feeding.

A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

Abnormally infrequent menstruation.

A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.

The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The gamete-producing glands, OVARY or TESTIS.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Compounds, either natural or synthetic, which block development of the growing insect.

Formation of CORPUS LUTEUM. This process includes capillary invasion of the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE, hypertrophy of the GRANULOSA CELLS and the THECA CELLS, and the production of PROGESTERONE. Luteinization is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

Peptide hormones produced by NEURONS of various regions in the HYPOTHALAMUS. They are released into the pituitary portal circulation to stimulate or inhibit PITUITARY GLAND functions. VASOPRESSIN and OXYTOCIN, though produced in the hypothalamus, are not included here for they are transported down the AXONS to the POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY before being released into the portal circulation.

An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.

A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.

A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.

Sexual activities of animals.

An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given species. The term applies to both animals and humans.

The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

The male reproductive organs. They are divided into the external organs (PENIS; SCROTUM;and URETHRA) and the internal organs (TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; VAS DEFERENS; SEMINAL VESICLES; EJACULATORY DUCTS; PROSTATE; and BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS).

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

An enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation (aromatization) of the ring A of C19 androgens and converts them to C18 estrogens. In this process, the 19-methyl is removed. This enzyme is membrane-bound, located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogen-producing cells of ovaries, placenta, testes, adipose, and brain tissues. Aromatase is encoded by the CYP19 gene, and functions in complex with NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE in the cytochrome P-450 system.

Gonadal interstitial or stromal cell neoplasm composed of only LEYDIG CELLS. These tumors may produce one or more of the steroid hormones such as ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS; and CORTICOSTEROIDS. Clinical symptoms include testicular swelling, GYNECOMASTIA, sexual precocity in children, or virilization (VIRILISM) in females.

Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.

Process of maintaining the functions of CORPORA LUTEA, specifically PROGESTERONE production which is regulated primarily by pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in cycling females, and by PLACENTAL HORMONES in pregnant females. The ability to maintain luteal functions is important in PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE.

Three nuclei located beneath the dorsal surface of the most rostral part of the thalamus. The group includes the anterodorsal nucleus, anteromedial nucleus, and anteroventral nucleus. All receive connections from the MAMILLARY BODY and BRAIN FORNIX, and project fibers to the CINGULATE BODY.

A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

An acyclic state that resembles PREGNANCY in that there is no ovarian cycle, ESTROUS CYCLE, or MENSTRUAL CYCLE. Unlike pregnancy, there is no EMBRYO IMPLANTATION. Pseudopregnancy can be experimentally induced to form DECIDUOMA in the UTERUS.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Examinations that evaluate functions of the pituitary gland.

Hormones produced in the testis.

A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.

(9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-Trihydroxyprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGF(1 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11,alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGF(2 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGF(3 alpha)). A family of prostaglandins that includes three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. All naturally occurring PGF have an alpha configuration at the 9-carbon position. They stimulate uterine and bronchial smooth muscle and are often used as oxytocics.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

Degradation of CORPUS LUTEUM. In the absence of pregnancy and diminishing trophic hormones, the corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis which is characterized by the involution and cessation of its endocrine function.

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.

Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERONE. Primary actions of progestins, including natural and synthetic steroids, are on the UTERUS and the MAMMARY GLAND in preparation for and in maintenance of PREGNANCY.

Injections into the cerebral ventricles.

A nucleus located in the middle hypothalamus in the most ventral part of the third ventricle near the entrance of the infundibular recess. Its small cells are in close contact with the ependyma.

A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.

Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic.

The beta subunit of human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Its structure is similar to the beta subunit of LUTEINIZING HORMONE, except for the additional 30 amino acids at the carboxy end with the associated carbohydrate residues. HCG-beta is used as a diagnostic marker for early detection of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS); ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; HYDATIDIFORM MOLE; CHORIOCARCINOMA; or DOWN SYNDROME.

The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.

A transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor family NR5 that is expressed throughout the adrenal and reproductive axes during development. It plays an important role in sexual differentiation, formation of primary steroidogenic tissues, and their functions in post-natal and adult life. It regulates the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes.

A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.

Unsaturated pregnane derivatives containing two keto groups on side chains or ring structures.

An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.

A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Development of female secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the MALE. It is due to the effects of estrogenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.

The degeneration and resorption of an OVARIAN FOLLICLE before it reaches maturity and ruptures.

High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRB gene (also known as NR1A2, THRB1, or ERBA2 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Mutations in the THRB gene cause THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE SYNDROME.

A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.

Plasma concentration changes in LH and FSH following electrochemical stimulation of the medial preoptic are or dorsal anterior hypothalamic area of estrogen- or androgen-sterilized rats.(1/6154)

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Prolactin replacement fails to inhibit reactivation of gonadotropin secretion in rams treated with melatonin under long days. (2/6154)

This study tested the hypothesis that prolactin (PRL) inhibits gonadotropin secretion in rams maintained under long days and that treatment with melatonin (s.c. continuous-release implant; MEL-IMP) reactivates the reproductive axis by suppressing PRL secretion. Adult Soay rams were maintained under long days (16L:8D) and received 1) no further treatment (control, C); 2) MEL-IMP for 16 wk and injections of saline/vehicle for the first 8 wk (M); 3) MEL-IMP for 16 wk and exogenous PRL (s.c. 5 mg ovine PRL 3x daily) for the first 8 wk (M+P). The treatment with melatonin induced a rapid increase in the blood concentrations of FSH and testosterone, rapid growth of the testes, an increase in the frequency of LH pulses, and a decrease in the LH response to N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid. The concomitant treatment with exogenous PRL had no effect on these reproductive responses but caused a significant delay in the timing of the sexual skin color and growth of the winter pelage. These results do not support the hypothesis and suggest that PRL at physiological long-day concentrations, while being totally ineffective as an inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion, acts in the peripheral tissues and skin to maintain summer characteristics. (+info)

Luteinizing hormone inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in luteal cells from rats on day 19 of pregnancy. (3/6154)

We have previously reported that intrabursal ovarian administration of LH at the end of pregnancy in rats induces a decrease in luteal progesterone (P4) synthesis and an increase in P4 metabolism. However, whether this local luteolytic effect of LH is exerted directly on luteal cells or on other structures, such as follicular or stromal cells, to modify luteal function is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of LH on isolated luteal cells obtained on Day 19 of pregnancy. Incubation of luteal cells with 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml of ovine LH (oLH) for 6 h did not modify basal P4 production. The addition to the culture medium of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC, 10 microgram/ml), a membrane-permeable P4 precursor, or pregnenolone (10(-2) microM) induced a significant increase in P4 accumulation in the medium in relation to the control value. When luteal cells were preincubated for 2 h with oLH, a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the 22R-HC- or pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation was observed. Incubation of luteal cells with dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM, a cAMP analogue) plus isobutylmethylxanthine (1 mM, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) also inhibited pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation. Incubation with an inositol triphosphate synthesis inhibitor, neomycin (1 mM), or an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, (8,9-N, N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (1 mM), did not prevent the decrease in pregnenolone-stimulated P4 secretion induced by oLH. It was concluded that the luteolytic action of LH in late pregnancy is due, at least in part, to a direct action on the luteal cells and that an increase in intracellular cAMP level might mediate this effect. (+info)

Activities of glucose metabolic enzymes in human preantral follicles: in vitro modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, and transforming growth factor beta1. (4/6154)

Modulation of glucose metabolic capacity of human preantral follicles in vitro by gonadotropins and intraovarian growth factors was evaluated by monitoring the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), two regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), a key mitochondrial enzyme of the Krebs cycle. Preantral follicles in classes 1 and 2 from premenopausal women were cultured separately in vitro in the absence or presence of FSH, LH, epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), or transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) for 24 h. Mitochondrial fraction was separated from the cytosolic fraction, and both fractions were used for enzyme assays. FSH and LH significantly stimulated PFK and PK activities in class 1 and 2 follicles; however, a 170-fold increase in MDH activity was noted for class 2 follicles that were exposed to FSH. Although both EGF and TGFbeta1 stimulated glycolytic and Krebs cycle enzymes for class 1 preantral follicles, TGFbeta1 consistently stimulated the activities of both glycolytic enzymes more than that of EGF. IGF-I induced PK and MDH activities in class 1 follicles but negatively influenced PFK activity for class 1 follicles. In general, only gonadotropins consistently stimulated both glycolytic and Krebs cycle enzyme activities several-fold in class 2 follicles. These results suggest that gonadotropins and ovarian growth factors differentially influence follicular energy-producing capacity from glucose. Moreover, gonadotropins may either directly influence glucose metabolism in class 2 preantral follicles or do so indirectly through factors other than the well-known intraovarian growth factors. Because growth factors modulate granulosa cell mitosis and functionality, their role on energy production may be related to specific cellular activities. (+info)

Changes in basement membrane thickness in the human endometrium during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. (5/6154)

We have examined aspects of the fine structure of the basal laminae associated with the luminal and glandular epithelium and small blood vessels in the human endometrium. Four short studies are presented and reviewed. Study 1 examined biopsies from 20 fertile women taken on days after the luteinizing hormone surge (LH): LH +2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. The basal lamina (both lamina densa and lucida) increased in thickness over the period studied. Study 2 again studied the glandular epithelium and examined the effect of RU486 (a progesterone receptor blocker) administered on day LH +3 and biopsied on day LH +6. The basal laminae were found to be the same as LH +2 control group but thinner than LH +6 control. Study 3 documented increased thickness of the basal laminae between LH +6, 8 and 13 in the luminal epithelium. The within-group coefficient of variation was 16% and 27% for LH +6 and LH +13 groups but only 2 % for LH +8. Study 4 demonstrated an increase in basal lamina thickness associated with small blood vessels between LH +6 and LH +10 in normal fertile women. The basal lamina provides the interface between epithelial and mesenchymal environments; changes in its structure can alter the phenotypic expression of the epithelia. It is one of the maternal barriers that must be transgressed by the trophoblast during implantation. Together, these combined studies provide quantitative baseline structural information on the electron microscopical appearance of the basal lamina during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. (+info)

Melatonin inhibits release of luteinizing hormone (LH) via decrease of [Ca2+]i and cyclic AMP. (6/6154)

The role of [Ca2+]i and cAMP in transduction of the melatonin inhibitory effect on GnRH-induced LH release from neonatal rat gonadotrophs has been studied, because melatonin inhibits the increase of both intracellular messengers. Treatments increasing Ca2+ influx (S(-) Bay K8644 or KCI) or cAMP concentration (8-bromo-cAMP or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) potentiated the GnRH-induced LH release and partially diminished the inhibitory effect of melatonin. Combination of the treatments increasing cAMP and calcium concentrations blocked completely the melatonin inhibition of LH release. The combined treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP and S(-) Bay K8644 also blocked the melatonin inhibition of GnRH-induced [Ca2+]i increase in 89 % of the gonadotrophs, while any of the treatments alone blocked the melatonin effect in about 25 % of these cells. These observations suggest that a cAMP-dependent pathway is involved in regulation of Ca2+ influx by melatonin and melatonin inhibition of LH release may be mediated by the decrease of both messengers. (+info)

The mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha on aromatase activity in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. (7/6154)

We investigated aromatization and the mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) on oestradiol biosynthesis in freshly prepared granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. Freshly prepared granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries incubated for only 3 h under basal conditions secreted significantly (P< 0.001) greater amounts of oestradiol-17beta than that of granulosa cells from normal ovaries. 8-Bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), but not follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH), further enhanced this activity. Both EGF and TGFalpha inhibited gonadotrophinor 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated, but not basal, oestradiol production. LH receptor (LHR) binding, estimated by immunolabelling the bound LH, was significantly (P< 0.001) reduced in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries when compared with cells from normal ovaries. EGF or TGFalpha significantly reduced the binding in cultured cells from all patient groups (P< 0.05). More interestingly, a further increase of the inhibitory effect was seen in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries (P < 0.001). In conclusion, granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries contain high levels of basal aromatase activity in vitro, which is probably inherited from the in-vivo condition. EGF and TGFalpha suppress oestradiol synthesis at a step beyond the production of cAMP and also LHR binding with more effect in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. (+info)

Reproductive experience and opioid regulation of luteinizing hormone release in female rats. (8/6154)

The objective of the present study was to determine whether reproductive experience that produces shifts in opioid regulation of prolactin secretion and behavioural functions also alters opioid regulation of LH during the oestrous cycle or lactation. In Expt 1 the effect of naloxone administration (i.v.) on LH was compared between age-matched, nulliparous and primiparous, catheterized female rats on dioestrus II. In Expt 2, the effects of multiple reproductive experiences on opiate control of LH were investigated using cyclic, nulliparous and multiparous (three litters) rats. In both experiments, no differences in naloxone-stimulated LH release were found between groups even though multiple reproductive experiences resulted in the prolongation of oestrous cyclicity. In Expt 3, day 8 lactating primiparous rats were administered 2, 5, 10 or 25 mg naloxone kg-1 i.v. The three lowest naloxone doses, but not the 25 mg kg-1 dose, significantly increased LH concentrations. The possible effects of prior reproductive experience on opioid control of LH during lactation were then investigated. Naloxone at 0.5 mg kg-1, but not at 2 mg kg-1 or 10 mg kg-1, stimulated a significantly greater rise in LH in multiparous (two litters) than in primiparous females. Overall, these data indicate that while modest differences were found in naloxone-induced LH responses between multiparous and primiparous animals during lactation, reproductive experience did not significantly alter opioid regulation of LH during subsequent oestrous cycles at the naloxone doses examined. Hence, the effects of reproductive experience on opioid regulation of LH are less pronounced than those previously found for opioid regulation of prolactin and behaviour. (+info)

... (LH, also known as luteinising hormone, lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by ... Peptide hormones, Sex hormones, Human hormones, Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, Anterior pituitary hormones) ... Häggström M (2014). "Reference ranges for estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone during ... The luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene is localized in the LHB/CGB gene cluster on chromosome 19q13.32. In contrast to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone

This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH). ... Shome B, Parlow AF (1973). "The primary structure of the hormone-specific, beta subunit of human pituitary luteinizing hormone ... biologically inactive luteinizing hormone: characterization of the abnormal hormone". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 52 (6): 1143- ... The luteinizing hormone beta subunit is encoded by a single gene in all mammals. In primates, this gene is located within a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone_beta_polypeptide

Shim M, Bang WJ, Oh CY, Lee YS, Cho JS (July 2019). "Effectiveness of three different luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ... Mezo G, Manea M (December 2009). "Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists". Expert Opin Ther Pat. 19 (12): 1771-85. ... blocking the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. In men, ... clinical use of agonists and antagonists of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone. Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab.: 3: 157 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_antagonist

Stimulates release of luteinizing hormone (LH). Stimulates release of somatoliberin and somatotrophin secretion and inhibits ... melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH). It is abundant ... Koval'zon VM (1994). "[DSIP: the sleep peptide or an unknown hypothalamic hormone?]". Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii I ... PMID 7817664.: Koval'zon VM (1994). "[DSIP: the sleep peptide or an unknown hypothalamic hormone?]". Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-sleep-inducing_peptide

His work included the development of the first radioimmunoassay to measure bird luteinizing hormone (LH) in collaboration with ... Thyroid hormone replacement reinstates the refractory state. Importantly birds are hatched in a refractory state but this is ... This made it possible to measure LH in 10 microliters of plasma and so follow circulating hormone levels in individual birds ... That work introduced him to endocrinology and the development of assays to understand the physiological role of hormones. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Follett

"Follicle-Stimulating Hormone". WebMD. Bowen R. "Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating Hormones". www.vivo.colostate.edu. ... Peptide hormones, Sex hormones, Human hormones, In vitro fertilisation, Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, ... Its structure is similar to those of luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and human chorionic ... luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone during the menstrual cycle". WikiJournal of Medicine (published 2014-03-26 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone

Levels of luteinizing hormone, conversely, remained unchanged. In general, progestogens can maximally suppress testosterone ... 2009). "Sex hormones and their modulators". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (36th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. p ... ISBN 978-94-009-8195-9. Joachim Ufer (1969). The Principles and Practice of Hormone Therapy in Gynaecology and Obstetrics. de ... ISBN 978-1-4200-0890-6. G. Raspé (22 October 2013). Hormones and Embryonic Development: Advances in The Biosciences. Elsevier ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestonorone_caproate

Schwanzel-Fukuda, Marlene; Pfaff, Donald W. (March 1989). "Origin of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons". Nature. ... His laboratory worked out the first nerve cell circuit for a mammalian behavior, discovered hormone-sensitive genes in the ... Pfaff, Donald W. (1980). Estrogens and Brain Function : Neural Analysis of a Hormone-Controlled Mammalian Reproductive Behavior ... Hormones and Behavior. 61 (1): 1-3. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.12.015. S2CID 54402047 - via Elsevier Science Direct. Pfaff, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_W._Pfaff

eCG is actually an equine luteinizing hormone. Endometrial cups behave somewhat like cells from metastatic tumors, in that they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cup

This test measures the amount of luteinizing hormone, a hormone that increases just before ovulation, that is in the urine. ... Before ovulation, the luteinizing hormone levels dramatically increase; this is known as the "LH surge". This test can ... This test is able to detect luteinizing hormone and estrone-3-glucuronide 90% of the time. This test can be used in multiple ... Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a peptide hormone which causes the primordial follicles in the ovaries to develop and to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_testing

The four important sexual hormones are oxytocin, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.[page needed ... A surge of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) triggers ovulation. On day 14, the LH surge causes a Graafian follicle to surface the ovary ... Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, which is the release of a mature egg.[page needed] Males have both internal and ... Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for ovulation in women, which acts by triggering egg maturity; in men it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality

Bruchovsky N, Goldenberg SL, Akakura K, Rennie PS (September 1993). "Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in prostate ... markedly suppresses circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at sufficiently high ... In addition to its AR antagonistic activity and suppression of gonadal sex-hormone production, high-dose CPA has been found to ... Wierckx K, Gooren L, T'Sjoen G (May 2014). "Clinical review: Breast development in trans women receiving cross-sex hormones". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacology_of_cyproterone_acetate

... and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are released into the bloodstream to act upon the ovaries. Luteinizing hormone serves to ... luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Young, J. M.; McNeilly, A. S. (2010). "Theca: the forgotten cell of ... Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by projections of the hypothalamus into the anterior pituitary gland. ... Over a period of months, the granulosa cells and thecal cells secrete antral fluid (a mixture of hormones, enzymes, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_of_follicle

GnRH modulators affect the secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ... the biological target of the hypothalamic hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; also known as luteinizing-releasing ... All GnRH modulators are contraindicated in pregnancy (pregnancy category X). A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH ... Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins, Hormonal antineoplastic drugs, Progonadotropins). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_modulator

Theca cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH). LH kicks off the production of androgens by the theca cells, most ... "The antral follicle count is a better marker than basal follicle-stimulating hormone for the selection of older patients with ... Antral follicles can attain a tremendous size that is hampered only by the availability of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), ... usually accompanied by high follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Several studies show that an AFC test is more accurate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antral_follicle

"The Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Estradiol on Luteinizing Hormone Biosynthesis in Cultured Rat Anterior ... AIYER, M. S.; CHIAPPA, SHARON A.; FINK, G. (1974). "A Priming Effect of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor on the Anterior ... GnSAF is involved in regulating the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary and the ovarian cycle. ... Homburg, R; Armar, NA; Eshel, A; Adams, J; Jacobs, HS (1989). "Influence of serum luteinising hormone concentrations on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin_surge-attenuating_factor

Luteinizing hormone mutation and hypogonadism in men and women. N Engl J Med 2007 357:897-904. Achard C, Courtillot C, Lahuna O ... Hypogonadism caused by a single amino acid substitution in the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone N Engl J Med. 1992; 326(3): ... Hypogonadism in a patient with a mutation in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351(25):2619-25. ... Normal spermatogenesis in a man with mutant luteinizing hormone. N Engl J Med 2009 361:1856-1863. Basciani S, Watanabe M, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertile_eunuch_syndrome

It makes thecal cells more responsive to luteinizing hormone. Therefore, obesity increases ovarian androgen production. ... Hammond GL, Bocchinfuso WP (1996). "Sex hormone-binding globulin: gene organization and structure/function analyses". Hormone ... into luteinized theca cells. Theca cells are located in the ovarian follicles and become luteinized when the ovarian follicle ... The dispersal of luteinized theca cells throughout the ovarian stroma - in contrast to their distribution in PCOS, in which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperandrogenism

He conducted elaborate studies on the molecular mechanism of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), a hormone which has significant role in ... Moudgal, N. R.; Moyle, W. R.; Greep, R. O. (1971). "Specific binding of luteinizing hormone to Leydig tumor cells". The Journal ... At Harvard, he also collaborated with W. R. Moyle and established the presence of Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin ... Specific binding of luteinizing hormone to Leydig tumor cells, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry in 1971. He ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuggehalli_Raghuveer_Moudgal

... follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) estrogen progesterone GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH ... Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH). LH induces the production of androgens by the theca cells, ... Five hormones participate in an intricate process of positive and negative feedback to regulate folliculogenesis. They are: ... At this stage in development, they become dependent on hormones, particularly FSH which causes a substantial increase in their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folliculogenesis

... was found to more than double luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels and to triple estradiol levels. In ... "Sex Steroids and Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Release in Men. Studies in Estrogen-Treated Agonadal Subjects and Eugonadal ... "Adverse Effects of Hormones and Hormone Antagonists on the Liver". Drug-Induced Liver Disease. Current Treatment Options in ... It has also been studied as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women and to treat acne and seborrhea in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilutamide

As follicles grow, they acquire receptors for luteinizing hormone, a pituitary hormone that reinitiates meiosis in the oocyte ... Luteinizing hormone acts on receptors in the outer layers of granulosa cells of the follicle, causing a decrease in cyclic GMP ... Luteinizing hormone also stimulates gene expression leading to ovulation. Oogenesis starts with the process of developing ... and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the developmental stage. In 2016, two papers published by Morohaku et al. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oogenesis

Nilutamide by itself more than doubled luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels and tripled estradiol levels. The ... with anastrozole and bicalutamide in a boy with a novel mutation in the luteinizing hormone receptor". Journal of Pediatric ... "Sex steroids and pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in men. Studies in estrogen-treated agonadal subjects and eugonadal ... In Hormone Research (Vol. 72, pp. 266-267). Mitre N, Lteif A (December 2009). "Treatment of familial male-limited precocious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_uses_of_bicalutamide

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH, LHRH) Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (FSH/LH ... Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (FSH/LH-RH) Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating ... hormone-releasing factor (LH/FSH-RF); Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) ... is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone

"Effects of Alcohol on Plasma Testosterone and Luteinizing Hormone Levels". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2 (3 ... "Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, beta-endorphin and ... Mendelson, JH; Mello, NK; Ellingboe, J (1977). "Effects of acute alcohol intake on pituitary-gonadal hormones in normal human ... Ellingboe, J (1987). "Acute effects of ethanol on sex hormones in non-alcoholic men and women". Alcohol and Alcoholism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted during sleep at the onset of pubertal maturation, pointing to an important relationship ... "Synchronization of Augmented Luteinizing Hormone Secretion with Sleep during Puberty". New England Journal of Medicine. 287 (12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescent_sleep

... which causes the nearby anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Before ... Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates further development of the ovarian follicle. The follicle that reaches maturity is called ... About mid-cycle, some 10-12 hours after the increase in luteinizing hormone, known as the LH surge, the dominant follicle ... Naturally occurring hormones drive the cycles; the cyclical rise and fall of the follicle stimulating hormone prompts the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle

... as well as regulating the release of several other peptide hormones including vasopressin, luteinizing hormone, and oxytocin. ... "Neuromedin s as novel putative regulator of luteinizing hormone secretion". Endocrinology. 148 (2): 813-23. doi:10.1210/en.2006 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromedin_S

The luteinizing hormone pulses are the consequence of pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion by the hypothalamus ... An American physiologist, Ernst Knobil, discovered that the anterior pituitary produces pulses of Luteinizing hormone at about ... "gonadotropin releasing hormone pulse generator"). Boyar demonstrated that in children approaching puberty the Luteinizing ... "Synchronization of augmented luteinizing hormone secretion with sleep during puberty". The New England Journal of Medicine. 287 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Boyar

LH (luteinizing hormone) is a larger protein hormone secreted into the general circulation by gonadotrope cells of the anterior ... Boyar R, Finkelstein J, Roffwarg H, Kapen S, Weitzman E, Hellman L (1972). "Synchronization of augmented luteinizing hormone ... FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) is another protein hormone secreted into the general circulation by the gonadotrope cells of ... GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is a peptide hormone released from the hypothalamus which stimulates gonadotrope cells of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty

"Non-steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists or surgical castration ... Hormone Therapy in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Humana Press. pp. 347-368. doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-152-7_16. ISBN 978-1-60761- ... Hormone Therapy in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Humana Press. pp. 347-368. doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-152-7_16. ISBN 978-1-60761- ... in women As a component of hormone therapy for transgender women Precocious puberty in boys Priapism in men Unlike SAAs, NSAAs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsteroidal_antiandrogen

Base testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) levels are precursors in individuals with 46 ... They are given a hormone called hydrocortisone, a form of hormone replacement therapy, with the objective to induce puberty. ... The anti-Müllerian hormone is used for evaluating the function of Sertoli cells. A urinary steroid profile shows the ratio of ... These processes are initiated and regulated by biological metabolites such as DNA, hormones and proteins. The initial steps of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_anomalies

... luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Like VK5211, GSK2881078 has been clinically tested in ... there was a statistically significant lowering of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) and serum total testosterone levels. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_androgen_receptor_modulator

... luteinizing hormone. The inner lining of the seminal vesicles (the epithelium) is made of a lining of interspersed column- ... The seminal vesicles have also been found to contain luteinizing hormone receptors, and hence may also be regulated by the ... Sertoli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone, which causes the paramesonephric duct to regress. The development and maintenance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminal_vesicles

In accordance, the reduction of testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels with allylestrenol in men has been found in a study ... It is able to considerably decrease circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone in ... 289-. ISBN 978-0-08-093292-7. Gunnet JW, Dixon LA (2000). "Hormones, Sex Hormones". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical ... 2009). "Sex hormones and their modulators". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (36th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. p ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allylestrenol

Before the production of the pituitary hormone luteinizing hormone (LH) by the embryo starting at about weeks 11-12, human ... This action of androgens is supported by a hormone from Sertoli cells, Müllerian inhibitory hormone (MIH), which prevents the ... Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, Sex hormones). ... An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen

Schally AV, Kastin AJ, Arimura A (November 1971). "Hypothalamic follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH ... March 1982). "Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ... "Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer , Breast Cancer Treatment". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2022-04-28. Hammerstrom AE, Cauley DH, ... Gann PH, Hennekens CH, Ma J, Longcope C, Stampfer MJ (August 1996). "Prospective study of sex hormone levels and risk of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Barrell, G. K.; Lapwood, K. R. (1979). "Seasonality of semen production and plasma luteinizing hormone, testosterone and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polled_Dorset

Luboshitzky R, Lavie L, Shen-Orr Z, Herer P (April 2005). "Altered luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in middle- ... by the hypothalamus and subsequently follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinising hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary ... Altered male hormones can also lead to erectile dysfunction which is the major cause of infertility in obese men. Gonadal heat ... Leptin is a hormone which production is increased in obese animals. In cows, leptin can inhibit thecal cells from producing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_and_fertility

July 2003). "Central orexin A has site-specific effects on luteinizing hormone release in female rats". Endocrinology. 144 (7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SB-334867

... of Paraphilic Disorders in Sexual Offenders or Men With a Risk of Sexual Offending With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone ... Wallen K (2001). "Sex and context: hormones and primate sexual motivation". Hormones and Behavior. 40 (2): 339-57. CiteSeerX ... hormones and primate sexual motivation". Hormones and Behavior. 40 (2): 339-357. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.22.5968. doi:10.1006/hbeh. ... Giles (2008). "Sex hormones and sexual desire". Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour. 38 (1): 45-66. doi:10.1111/j.1468- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_hormones_on_sexual_motivation

"Practical differences between luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in prostate cancer: perspectives across the ... The suppression of testosterone level results from its inhibition of the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior ... These hormones are responsible for the synthesis of steroid sex hormones (testosterone in men; progesterone and estrogen in ... of Paraphilic Disorders in Sexual Offenders or Men With a Risk of Sexual Offending With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_and_sexual_desire

... follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (the key hormone used in fertility testing, an example is the ovulation ... Choh Hao Li discovered human growth hormone (and subsequently used it to treat a form of dwarfism caused by growth hormone ... Maugh II, Thomas (2 December 1987). "Discovered Human Growth Hormone: Choh Hao Li, 74; Endocrinologist at UC". Los Angeles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Chinese

... of testosterone to estradiol reduces serum testosterone levels resulting in increased release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from ... Hormone-disrupting chemicals, including PFASs, are linked with rapid declines in human fertility. In a meta-analysis for ... PFASs have been shown to decrease thyroid peroxidase, resulting in decreased production and activation of thyroid hormones in ... Other proposed mechanisms include alterations in thyroid hormone signaling, metabolism and excretion as well as function of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances

... by 6 genes which are arranged in tandem and inverted pairs on chromosome 19q13.3 and contiguous with the luteinizing hormone ... This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 5 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin ( ... CG). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit which confers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGB5

... growth of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles in male rats without increasing circulating levels of luteinizing hormone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG-120907

... follicular-stimulating hormone] and [luteinizing hormone] production." The key difference between enclomiphene citrate and ... lutenizing hormone] and [follicular-stimulating hormone] and thus to produce both testosterone and sperm in the testes, this ... and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). The biological role of these hormones is to stimulate the endogenous production of ... secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have abnormally low testosterone levels due to low-normal levels of luteinizing hormone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclomifene

Conversely, hydrocodone inhibits adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Chronic ... Hydrocodone, like other opioids, stimulates the secretion of prolactin, growth hormone (GH), insulin and glucagon. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzhydrocodone

... the release of the pituitary hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). However, after the ... Shim M, Bang WJ, Oh CY, Lee YS, Cho JS (July 2019). "Effectiveness of three different luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ... "Estramustine phosphate for preventing flare-up in luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue depot therapy". Eur. Urol. 27 ... A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_agonist

... of NHS Wales Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide, a protein This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LHB

... luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol. Modern phototherapy lamps used in the treatment of seasonal ... The production of the hormone melatonin, a sleep regulator, is inhibited by light and permitted by darkness as registered by ... It is reported that bright light therapy may activate the production of reproductive hormones, such as testosterone, ... Danilenko KV, Samoilova EA (2007). "Stimulatory effect of morning bright light on reproductive hormones and ovulation: results ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_therapy

... resulting in an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and levels. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, in ... Dosages of bicalutamide of 10 mg, 30 mg, and 50 mg per day have been found to produce a "moderate" effect on sex hormone levels ... Early clinical results". Hormone Research. 32 Suppl 1: 77-81. doi:10.1159/000181316. PMID 2515147. E.E. Müller (6 December 2012 ... Changes in hormone levels with bicalutamide monotherapy Testosterone levels with 10, 30, and 50 mg/day bicalutamide monotherapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacology_of_bicalutamide

... different potency in terms of measures including suppression of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, ... Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, Hormones of the pregnant female, Ketones, Sex hormones). ... In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estrone has been used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy ... to designate the hormone or hormones that induce estrus in animals, the time when female mammals are fertile and receptive to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrone

... in the production of the gonadotropin hormones normally released by the anterior pituitary gland known as luteinising hormone ( ... Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the major form of treatment with the aim to replace the missing testosterone or oestrogen ... For females, hormone replacement involves the use of oestrogen and progesterone. Firstly, oestrogen is used in tablet or gel ... Treatment for both males and females with KS/CHH normally consists of one of three options which can be used for both hormone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallmann_syndrome

... can suppress libido by inhibiting secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the anterior ... It is primarily known in animals as a hormone released by the pineal gland in the brain at night, and has long been associated ... In addition to its role as a natural hormone, melatonin is used as a dietary supplement and medication in the treatment of ... Although a role for melatonin as a plant hormone has not been clearly established, its involvement in processes such as growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin

A commonly used ovulation predictor is the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge urine stick or ovulation predictor stick that helps ... Ov-Watch Clinical Trial "Luteinizing Hormone". Women.webmd.com. 2011-05-18. Retrieved 2013-09-27. [Brown, J.B., Holmes, J., & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conception_device

... and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and secretion]" [The effect of melatonin on prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH ... Juszczak M, Michalska M (2006). "[The effect of melatonin on prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), ... Melatonin is a dietary supplement and medication as well as naturally occurring hormone. As a hormone, melatonin is released by ... The hormone may be administered orally, as capsules, gummies, tablets, or liquids. It is also available for use sublingually, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin_as_a_medication_and_supplement

... other glycoprotein hormone receptors such as Luteinizing hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone and Thyroid-stimulating hormone ... "Identification and cloning of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor of the glycoprotein hormone receptor subfamily". Biochem ... California using expression sequence tags based on putative glycoprotein hormone receptors in Drosophila. Experimental evidence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGR5

... luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, from the pituitary gland. This in turn, results in suppression of gonadal ... the main biological target of the progestogen sex hormone progesterone. It has effects similar to those of the hormone ... It is a progestin and has effects similar to those of the hormone progesterone. It works primarily by preventing ovulation and ... Estradiol with levonorgestrel in the form of a skin patch is used under the brand name Climara Pro for hormone replacement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levonorgestrel

Schally AV, Kastin AJ, Arimura A (November 1971). "Hypothalamic follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH ... March 1982). "Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ... The main male hormone is testosterone, which is produced mainly by the testicles. It is dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a metabolite ... Cancer that has spread to other parts of the body is usually treated also with hormone therapy, to deprive a tumour of sex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate

This test measures the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood. LH plays an important role in sexual development and ... www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/luteinizing-hormone ... What is a luteinizing hormone (LH) levels test?. This test measures the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in your blood. LH is ... medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/ Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Levels Test. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh-levels-test/

The reference range for luteinizing hormone is as follows: Males Prepubertal: 0.3-6. ... encoded search term (Luteinizing Hormone) and Luteinizing Hormone What to Read Next on Medscape ... Luteinizing Hormone Updated: Sep 28, 2020 * Author: Edward Charbek, MD, FCCP; Chief Editor: Thomas M Wheeler, MD, FCAP more... ... Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin- ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2089268-overview

... also called interstitial-cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), one of two gonadotropic hormones (i.e., hormones concerned with the ... LH is a glycoprotein and operates in conjunction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Following the release of the egg ( ... luteinizing hormone (LH), also called interstitial-cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), one of two gonadotropic hormones (i.e., ... Alternate titles: ICSH, LH, interstitial-cell stimulating hormone. By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Last Updated: Oct ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/luteinizing-hormone

... urinary follicle-stimulating hormone and human, urinary luteinizing hormone, for bioassay ... Recombinant human luteinizing hormone : proposed international standard Gaines Das, Rose E; Storring, Patrick L; World Health ... Proposed international standards for the alpha and beta subunits of human pituitary luteinizing hormone (‎LH : progress report ... Collaborative study on the proposed first international standard of bovine luteinizing hormone for immunoassay / by J. G. ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Luteinizing+Hormone

Luteinizing hormone (IU/L). Variable Name: LB2LHSI. SAS Label: Luteinizing hormone (IU/L). English Text: Luteinizing hormone ( ... Luteinizing hormone (mIU/mL). Variable Name: LB2LH. SAS Label: Luteinizing hormone (mIU/mL). English Text: Luteinizing hormone ... Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Serum FSH and LH levels and questionnaire data on menstrual ... Standard Biochemistry Profile, Follicle Stimulating Hormone & Luteinizing Hormone, Second Exam (L40_2_B) Data File: L40_2_B.xpt ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2001-2002/L40_2_B.htm

LH deficiency almost always occurs in conjunction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) deficiency because LH and FSH are ... An isolated luteinizing hormone (LH) deficiency is an uncommon condition. ... encoded search term (Luteinizing Hormone Deficiency) and Luteinizing Hormone Deficiency What to Read Next on Medscape ... Luteinizing hormone beta mutation and hypogonadism in men and women. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 30. 357(9):897-904. [QxMD MEDLINE ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/255046-treatment

While we are ranked among the best childrens hospitals in the country, its our compassionate approach to treatment that makes us truly exceptional. Through a combination of revolutionary treatments and extraordinary patient experiences, our care does more than heal. It brings the entire family together for emotional support and understanding across multiple locations to reach you in the community where you live. Learn more... ...

https://www.akronchildrens.org/lab_tests/Luteinizing-Hormone-LH2.html

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of switching therapy with a second-line luteinizing hormone-releasing ... hormone (LHRH) analogue after prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression for advanced prostate cancer. ... Efficacy of switching therapy of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue for advanced prostate cancer November 23, 2016 ... This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of switching therapy with a second-line luteinizing hormone-releasing ...

https://www.urotoday.com/recent-abstracts/urologic-oncology/prostate-cancer/92416-efficacy-of-switching-therapy-of-luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone-analogue-for-advanced-prostate-cancer.html

Luteinizing Hormone) ELISA Kit from Gentaur Elisa Kits. Cat Number: G-EC-06048. USA, UK & Europe Distribution. ... Rabbit LH (Luteinizing Hormone) ELISA Kit , G-EC-06048. Rating * Select Rating. 1 star (worst). 2 stars. 3 stars (average). 4 ... Rabbit LH (Luteinizing Hormone) ELISA Kit , G-EC-06048 , Gentaur Elisa Kits ...

https://caslab.com/rabbit-lh-luteinizing-hormone-elisa-kit-g-ec-06048/?setCurrencyId=2

Our Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Test In Houston At Any Lab Test Now Can Help Give You Answers. ... Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The Luteinizing Hormone or LH Test measures how much of the hormone is in your blood. The LH is ... In females, this hormone helps regulate the menstrual cycle and egg production. It is common to see LH levels rise and fall ...

https://www.anylabtestnow.com/houston-77008/tests/luteinizing-hormone-lh/

Leptin levels and luteinizing hormone pulsatility in normal cycling women and their relationship to daily changes in metabolic ... Luteinizing hormone pulses were increased in amplitude and slower after the leptin peak. The average (+/-SE) number of LH ... Leptin levels and luteinizing hormone pulsatility in normal cycling women and their relationship to daily changes in metabolic ... Luteinizing hormone pulsatility was analyzed using a Cluster Program analysis. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1113402

Asp330 and Tyr331 in the C-terminal cysteine-rich region of the luteinizing hormone receptor are key residues in hormone- ... Asp330 and Tyr331 in the C-terminal cysteine-rich region of the luteinizing hormone receptor are key residues in hormone- ... The luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor plays an essential role in male and female gonadal function. Together with the follicle- ... stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, the LH receptor forms the family of glycoprotein ...

https://repub.eur.nl/pub/28827

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In the male, LH stimulates the development of the interstitial cells of the testes , which secrete testosterone , a male sex hormone . (britannica.com)
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) recommends the following baseline screening tests for women with suspected polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): thyroid function tests, serum prolactin levels, and a free androgen index (defined as total testosterone divided by sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG] × 100, to give a calculated free testosterone level). (medscape.com)
The relationship between dietary nutrients and plasma testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, estradiol-17 beta, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin levels was investigated in 12 Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) vegetarian (SV), 10 SDA nonvegetarian (SNV), and 8 non-SDA nonvegetarian (NV) men. (nih.gov)
In men, LH promotes the body's production of male hormones such as testosterone. (healthline.com)
Evaluation of the influence of prenatal transportation stress on GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in sexually mature Brahman bulls. (tamu.edu)
The combination of ingredients promotes the release of the luteinizing hormone (L.H.). This helps the body produce more testosterone. (mercurynews.com)
It wasn't until the mid-eighties however, when a team of Bulgarian researchers determined that it may elevate testosterone production by increasing the blood levels of LH (luteinizing hormone) - a testosterone balancing hormone produced by the pituitary gland. (vitacart.com)
I had no idea what was going on in my body but in a nutshell, my sex hormone production was slowly shutting down (thanks to no ovulation) and with every month that I spent on the pill I was producing less and less estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. (nicolejardim.com)
Oftentimes low estrogen comes packaged with other hormone imbalances too - FSH/LH, progesterone, testosterone, thyroid and cortisol to name a few. (nicolejardim.com)
Testosterone is the hormone responsible for the development of male external genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics. (hgh-therapy-rx.com)
When this hormone isn't produced anymore, the production of estrogen is stalled in women, and testosterone is no longer produced in men. (yourdrugs.com)
Luteinizing hormone travels via the bloodstream to the testes where it causes an increase in testosterone production. (topazraider.com)
As with other key hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, having healthy levels of growth hormone is important. (topazraider.com)
Puberty onset, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and estradiol levels were determined. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment of an infertile man with testosterone does [not] improve spermatogenesis, since exogenous administrated testosterone and its metabolite estrogen will suppress both GnRH production by the hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone production by the pituitary gland and subsequently suppress testicular testosterone production. (limelight.moe)
The fact remains that hormones are completely out of balance during and after any pro-hormone cycle, and in many cases your body is no longer producing normal levels of its own natural testosterone, potentially leading to losses in lean muscle and sex drive. (suppvault.com)

Impairment of the opioidergic control of luteinizing hormone secretion in Turner's syndrome: lack of effect of gonadal steroid therapy. (unipi.it)
While both secrete regulatory hormones, the hypothalamus contains neurosecretory neurons that directly and solely control the AL of the PG's hormone secretion. (enotes.com)
Then, they bind to the AL receptor cells called thyrotrophs, whereupon they signal the AL to either release or inhibit secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). (enotes.com)
Role of the ovary in controlling luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prolactin secretion during and after lactation in pigs. (cocites.com)
Hypothalamic hormones regulate anterior pituitary tropic hormones that, in turn, determine target gland secretion. (mhmedical.com)
In the diagnosis of growth disorders, measurements of IGF-I are a useful indicator of growth hormone (GH) secretion. (unitslab.com)

One hundred seventy-seven women have been studied over the periovulatory period, in order to obtain detailed information on temporal relationships between ovulation and defined changes in the concentrations of estradiol-17β (E 2 ), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and progesterone (P) in peripheral plasma. (ajog.org)
These women may also have much lower levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone . (thehealthboard.com)
Luteinizing hormone generally works alongside follicle stimulating hormone to stabilize progesterone and estrogen levels during and after ovulation in fertile women. (thehealthboard.com)
Once the ovaries become less sensitive to these hormones, the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop to well below normal. (thehealthboard.com)
Confirmation of ovulation and characterization of luteinizing hormone and progesterone secretory patterns in cycling, isosexually housed Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis). (bvsalud.org)
It also triggers your ovaries to produce the hormone progesterone. (healthline.com)
Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone in the adult female pig during the oestrous cycles, late pregnancy and lactation, and after ovariectomy and pentobarbitone treatment. (cocites.com)
Another CES Honoree was Oova , a high-tech home diagnostic fertility test, which measures luteinising hormone and progesterone in the urine, thanks to its cutting-edge test pads and supporting smartphone app. (wordpress.com)

An LH test works closely with another hormone called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to control sexual functions. (medlineplus.gov)
LH is a glycoprotein and operates in conjunction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). (britannica.com)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) a. (pearson.com)
Together with the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, the LH receptor forms the family of glycoprotein hormone receptors. (eur.nl)
The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level should be checked to rule out primary ovarian failure. (medscape.com)
The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. (jefferson.edu)
This, along with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), are often found in higher levels within the bloodstream in women who are approaching menopause. (thehealthboard.com)
Ovarian follicle dynamics in immature rats treated with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist (Org. (eur.nl)
The availability of recombinant drugs now offers, for the first time, the opportunity to examine the role of follicle stimulating hormone and LH separately. (medeaacademy.com)
High levels of prolactin in the body prevent the release of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). (healthline.com)
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretory dynamics in Turner's syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
Pregnyl contains the luteinizing hormone and the follicle stimulating hormone. (bodypharm.biz)
The first is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) , which stimulates the maturation of an egg. (verywellhealth.com)
The anterior pituitary produces six major hormones: (1) prolactin (PRL), (2) growth hormone (GH), (3) adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), (4) luteinizing hormone (LH), (5) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and (6) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). (mhmedical.com)
Biochemical markers of bone formation (total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, phosphorus and osteocalcin ), endocrinological analysis (estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH)) and serum total cholesterol and total lipids were estimated. (osteoporosis-studies.com)

From the statistical model for LH it was possible to estimate that ovulation in 90% of the cases had occurred between 16 (±6) and 48 (±6) hours after the first significant rise in the concentration of this hormone and between −3 (±5) and 36 (±5) hours after the peak. (ajog.org)
Luteinizing hormone (LH), a gonadotropin hormone (GTH) of the pituitary glycoprotein family, is important in oocyte maturation, ovulation, and spermiation. (elsevier.com)
LH spurs ovulation and enables with the hormone. (muscleseek.com)
Luteinizing Hormone is the hormone responsible for ovulation and the production of estrogen. (perfscience.com)
Article history: Received 25 September 2013 Received in revised form 6 December 2013 Accepted 12 December 2013 Available online 21 December 2013 Keywords: Gonadotropin Lutropin Luteinizing hormone Human chorionic gonadotropin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor Luteinizing hormone receptor a b s t r a c t Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are widely recognized for their roles in ovulation and the support of early pregnancy. (docksci.com)
Textbooks recognize the disparate endogenous functions of these hormones, underscoring the role of LH in follicular maturation and ovulation induction, while acknowledging the essential role of hCG in early pregnancy survival. (docksci.com)
A hormone produced by the pituitary whose function is to mature and trigger the release of the egg at ovulation. (nisig.com)
Basically, estrogen is not building high enough to cause the spike in Luteinizing hormone that kicks off ovulation. (nicolejardim.com)
Inhibition of luteinizing hormone release and ovulation by 6-chloro- and 6-fluoromelatonin. (medchemexpress.com)
Ovulation predictor kits work by detecting the levels of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) hormone in the urine. (hotdeals360.com)
The second is luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers ovulation, or the release of the egg. (verywellhealth.com)
PCOS causes a hormone imbalance, which affects ovulation. (laserlighthealth.com)

Lack of luteinizing hormone and menopause symptoms are not directly related, but the lessened estrogen levels which result are a prime reason for issues like mood swings and night sweats. (thehealthboard.com)
Buchanan, CD, Mahesh, VB & Brann, DW 2000, ' Estrogen-astrocyte-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone signaling: A role for transforming growth factor-β 1 ', Biology of reproduction , vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1710-1721. (elsevier.com)
Although estrogen is generally considered the main female sex hormone, there is such a thing as too much in women. (natures-source.com)
The term 'estrogen dominance' refers to when estrogen is in higher quantities than needed, and it's usually higher in relation to the other sex hormones. (natures-source.com)
This article focuses on estrogen dominance, but it should be noted that deficiencies or excess of any of the four hormones listed above can cause issues. (natures-source.com)
In order to fully understand the concept of estrogen dominance, it is important to understand that the term 'estrogen' is actually describing a family of hormones. (natures-source.com)
If your estrogen is low, it's likely that there is some kind of breakdown along your hormone superhighway. (nicolejardim.com)
Recently, LH-RH receptors have been described in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors, suggesting that LH-RH plays a role in the regulation of hormone dependent breast cancer. (ividenokkam.com)
Women with CKD tend to have lower estrogen levels because the ovaries slow or even stop making this hormone. (cdc.gov)

A condition where the pituitary gland secretes too much of the hormone prolactin. (healthline.com)

The luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor plays an essential role in male and female gonadal function. (eur.nl)
Inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor in both sexes. (medscape.com)
Luteinizing hormone receptor mutations in disorders of sexual development and cancer. (medscape.com)
Regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression by mevalonate kinase--role of the catalytic center in mRNA recognition. (jefferson.edu)
The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and, in humans, binds two closely related ligands, members of the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone family. (unimore.it)
16 ] Breast cancer in men is almost always hormone receptor positive. (cancer.gov)
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. (docksci.com)
LH and hCG share a common receptor, yet each hormone triggers a unique cascade of events following receptor binding (Casarini et al. (docksci.com)
A receptor for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) has been detected in a number of human tumors including colorectal, ovarian and lung carcinomas, but not in normal human tissue. (ividenokkam.com)

Serum IGF-1 is a sensitive and specific marker of growth hormone (GH) excess. (medscape.com)
Is human growth hormone hghthe long sought wachstumshormontherapy anti-imbatranire fountain of youth? (ok-advertising.ro)
The term growth hormone releasing hormone GHRH is sometimes extended to include chemicals produced by cells that affect the same cell (autocrine or intracrine signaling) or nearby cells (paracrine signaling). (elisachina.com)
Store and ship all of of the comptents of the EIA assay for Bovine Growth hormone (GH) on blue ice/ice packs at +4 degrees Celcius. (elisachina.com)
Bovine Growth hormone (GH) ELISA Kit is manufactured by highest quality antibodies and plates to provide you with excellent and reproducible results in your work. (elisachina.com)
The stimulation of central nicotinic and muscarinic receptors also increases growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels. (thehouseofgoodies.com)
In vivo, IGF-I synthesis is stimulated by growth hormone (GH) and nutritional intake. (unitslab.com)

The reasons luteinizing hormone and menopause are connected, involve the desensitization of the ovaries to both luteinizing hormone and FSH. (thehealthboard.com)
This raised the possibility that cycling squirrel monkeys may not ovulate during nonmated cycles To test this hypothesis, we performed laparoscopies on nine isosexually housed, cycling monkeys to observe the ovaries after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge , which was measured by mouse interstitial cell bioassay using LER 1909-2 as the standard. (bvsalud.org)
Hypogonadism refers to a condition in which little or no hormone is produced by the testes or ovaries. (medscape.com)

luteinizing hormone (LH) , also called interstitial-cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) , one of two gonadotropic hormones ( i.e., hormones concerned with the regulation of the gonads, or sex glands) that is produced by the pituitary gland . (britannica.com)
Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. (jefferson.edu)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is released by the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)
Stimulation testing with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist induces a characteristic rise in ovarian-derived 17-hydroxyprogesterone after 24 hours. (medscape.com)
Lowered testicular T causes your hypothalamus to produce less gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). (hgh-therapy-rx.com)
Lowered GnRH causes your pituitary gland to make less luteinizing hormone (LH). (hgh-therapy-rx.com)

All glycoprotein hormone receptors share a common modular topography, with an N-terminal extracellular ligand binding domain and a C-terminal seven-transmembrane transduction domain. (eur.nl)
Receptors , hormones Hormones Hormones are messenger molecules that are synthesized in one part of the body and move through the bloodstream to exert specific regulatory effects on another part of the body. (lecturio.com)
This medication is considered a type of hormone therapy, and it works by stopping the production of luteinizing hormone and blocking receptors. (yourdrugs.com)
The results show that CdS/Hollow-fiber electrode has good pH stability and excellent stability in tap water and tap water with the additions of impurities.Functional expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) receptors in human breast cancer cells. (ividenokkam.com)

Pituitary adenomas are benign monoclonal tumors that arise from one of the five anterior pituitary cell types and may cause clinical effects from either overproduction of a pituitary hormone or compressive/destructive effects on surrounding structures, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, optic chiasm, and cavernous sinus. (mhmedical.com)

Citicoline, by activating the central cholinergic system, also increases plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels and potentiates serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels. (thehouseofgoodies.com)

Diagnostic Kit for Luteinizing Hormone (fluorescence immunochromatographic assay) is a fluorescence immunochromatographic assay for the quantitative detection of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in human serum or plasma, which is mainly used in the evaluation of pituitary endocrine function.All positive sample must be confirmed by other methodologies. (baysenrapidtest.com)

These influential hypothalamic hormones are generally referred to as inhibiting and releasing hormones. (enotes.com)
Pituitary hormones are secreted in a pulsatile manner, reflecting intermittent stimulation by specific hypothalamic-releasing factors. (mhmedical.com)
Peripheral hormones feedback to regulate hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. (mhmedical.com)

A comparison of outcomes from in vitro fertilization cycles stimulated with either recombinant luteinizing hormone (LH) or human chorionic gonadotropin acting as an LH analogue delivered as human menopausal gonadotropins, in subjects with good or poor ovarian reserve: A retrospective analysis. (medscape.com)
With technologic advancements, including the development of highly puriﬁed and recombinant gonadotropins, researchers now appreciate that these hormones are not as interchangeable as once believed. (docksci.com)

Absence of secretory endometrium after false-positive home urine luteinizing hormone testing. (jefferson.edu)
It is a simple, single-step device which detects the Luteinizing Hormone in the urine. (hotdeals360.com)

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland. (healthline.com)

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the complex surge and fluctuations in many different reproductive hormones. (limamemorial.org)

These hormones can help to regulate the menstrual cycle, reduce androgen levels, and improve fertility. (evolvetelemed.com)

Both single-chain hormones and salmon pituitary extract induced maturation of Japanese eel oocytes in vitro. (elsevier.com)

The glands that secrete Luteinizing hormones LHRG and LH, FSH comprise the endocrine signaling system. (elisachina.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Radioimmunoassay of rabbit luteinizing hormone during pregnancy and following immunization with homologous antibodies to ovine LH. (who.int)

Leptin levels and luteinizing hormone pulsatility in normal cycling women and their relationship to daily changes in metabolic rate. (duke.edu)
levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are usually low in patients with PCOS. (medscape.com)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels are elevated for Tanner stage, sex, and age. (medscape.com)
This also results in luteinizing hormone and FSH not being process as well, causing blood levels to be particularly high during this time. (thehealthboard.com)
This is usually done through blood tests to check where hormone levels are so that both patients and doctors can keep track of progress over time. (thehealthboard.com)
Consequently, if the hormone level is too high or too low, the body senses this and modifies secretions until circulating blood levels return to optimal levels, which is somewhat like how a thermostat in your home works to control the temperature via an air conditioning unit. (enotes.com)
E2), free T, bioavailable T (BAT), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sexual function raise your levels and the nPP and this is boosting its popularity. (internetvoicesradio.com)
If you've been following me for even a short time, you know that I am a huge advocate of investigating why certain hormone levels are low. (nicolejardim.com)
[ 4 ] Over the past years, marijuana has been found to affect the brain, increasing the risk of psychotic disorders, and to change hormone levels: Chronic abuse of marijuana can lead to cognitive deficits. (medscape.com)
We therefore studied the association between marijuana use and semen quality and hormone levels among 1,215 young, healthy, unselected men of whom 45.4% had used marijuana during the past 3 months. (medscape.com)
The chemical signals we send have direct and developmental effects on hormone levels in other people. (rna-mediated.com)
Your doctor may prescribe medicine that helps increase hormone levels. (cdc.gov)
The first type of test is a hormone assay, which checks the levels of certain hormones in the body to reveal any imbalances that may contribute to developing PCOS. (evolvetelemed.com)

The role of luteinizing hormone (LH) during folliculogenesis has intrigued the scientific and medical community for at least three decades. (medeaacademy.com)

Luteinising Hormone plays an important role in maintaining the normal reproductive functions in both males and females. (thyrocare.com)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a chemical on your frame that triggers vital procedures on your reproductive gadget. (muscleseek.com)
1. Introduction It is well established that luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) play key roles in the reproductive cycle. (docksci.com)
We have demonstrated the feasibility of using urinary reproductive hormone data obtained via fertility monitors to calculate endocrine endpoints for epidemiological studies of ovarian function during multiple menstrual cycles. (cdc.gov)

Characterisation of the influence of anti-gastrin, anti-epidermal growth factor, anti-oestradiol, and anti-luteinising hormone releasing hormone antibodies on the proliferation of 27 cell lines from the gastrointestinal tract. (bmj.com)

The alpha subunit is similar in LH, FSH, TSH, and HCG, while the beta subunits differs among the hormones. (medscape.com)

Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity. (jefferson.edu)

LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. (jefferson.edu)

Hypogonadism occurs when your sex glands produce little or no sex hormones. (hgh-therapy-rx.com)
Hormone releasing factors and releasing hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms. (elisachina.com)
Each of these pituitary hormones elicits specific responses in peripheral target glands. (mhmedical.com)

Patients with this condition require lifelong treatment with replacement thyroid and adrenal hormones in addition to the medical treatment discussed above. (medscape.com)

In females, this hormone helps regulate the menstrual cycle and egg production. (anylabtestnow.com)

Perrett RM, McArdle CA. Molecular Mechanisms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Signaling: Integrating Cyclic Nucleotides into the Network. (medscape.com)

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of switching therapy with a second-line luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue after prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression for advanced prostate cancer. (urotoday.com)
In the case of a newly diagnosed patient with hormone-naïve high-grade metastatic prostate cancer, initiating therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist (LHRH) would be appropriate, said Renzulli. (onclive.com)

Sex hormones also play a role in the menstrual cycle and sperm production. (hgh-therapy-rx.com)
The menstrual cycle begins when a particular hormone is secreted in the brain. (verywellhealth.com)

This at home female hormone test will provide a broad picture of your hormonal health. (nicolejardim.com)

These fluctuations in hormones are what cause most menopausal symptoms. (thehealthboard.com)
Most menopausal symptoms are due to fluctuations in several hormones, including luteinizing hormone. (thehealthboard.com)

Doctors may continue to test for luteinizing hormone and menopause symptoms at each visit. (thehealthboard.com)

Relationships between endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropins, and follicular development after weaning in sows. (cocites.com)

A woman with PCOS tends to produce excess androgens, or male hormones. (verywellhealth.com)

These symptoms are caused by fluctuating hormones during perimenopause. (perfscience.com)
When Lupron is being used to delay puberty, children may experience an increase in symptoms relating to puberty within the first week or two due to the increase in hormones. (yourdrugs.com)
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy ( BHRT ) is a treatment option that can help improve PCOS symptoms. (evolvetelemed.com)

PCOS is a common hormone disorder affecting childbearing women. (medlineplus.gov)

Remifemin from C. racemosa is used to suppress LUTEINIZING HORMONE . (bvsalud.org)

This test measures the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
The Luteinizing Hormone or LH Test measures how much of the hormone is in your blood. (anylabtestnow.com)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 30,000 Dalton, which is produced by the anterior pituitary. (baysenrapidtest.com)

Luteinizing Hormone Deficiency. (medscape.com)
Disorders of the pituitary can be broadly divided into clinical syndromes associated with hormone excess (i.e., benign pituitary tumors) or with hormone deficiency (i.e., infarction, mass effects, autoimmune, granulomatous disease, and genetic disorders). (mhmedical.com)

Anatomy32

Organisms14

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Plasma concentration changes in LH and FSH following electrochemical stimulation of the medial preoptic are or dorsal anterior hypothalamic area of estrogen- or androgen-sterilized rats.(1/6154)

Prolactin replacement fails to inhibit reactivation of gonadotropin secretion in rams treated with melatonin under long days. (2/6154)

Luteinizing hormone inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in luteal cells from rats on day 19 of pregnancy. (3/6154)

Activities of glucose metabolic enzymes in human preantral follicles: in vitro modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, and transforming growth factor beta1. (4/6154)

Changes in basement membrane thickness in the human endometrium during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. (5/6154)

Melatonin inhibits release of luteinizing hormone (LH) via decrease of [Ca2+]i and cyclic AMP. (6/6154)

The mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha on aromatase activity in granulosa cells from polycystic ovaries. (7/6154)

Reproductive experience and opioid regulation of luteinizing hormone release in female rats. (8/6154)

Luteinizing Hormone

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Receptors, LH

Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit

Testosterone

Estradiol

Progesterone

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Hormones

Pituitary Gland

Ovulation

Ovary

Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones

Prolactin

Pituitary Gland, Anterior

Estrus

Ovariectomy

Castration

Sexual Maturation

Receptors, LHRH

Leydig Cells

Corpus Luteum

Gonadal Steroid Hormones

Thyroid Hormones

Radioimmunoassay

Testis

Gonadotropins

Proestrus

Gonadotropins, Pituitary

Follicular Phase

Ovarian Follicle

Sheep

Orchiectomy

Pituitary Hormones, Anterior

Granulosa Cells

Hypothalamus

Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit

Luteal Phase

Diestrus

Triptorelin Pamoate

Pituitary Hormones

Receptors, FSH

Pregnancy

Anestrus

Periodicity

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Hypogonadism

Cattle

Drug Implants

Rats, Inbred Strains

Inhibins

Parathyroid Hormone

Hypothalamus, Middle

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit

Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System

Hypophysectomy

Androstenedione

Feedback

Leuprolide

Gonadotropins, Equine

Puberty, Precocious

Steroids

Preoptic Area

Menstrual Cycle

Gonadal Hormones

Hormone Antagonists

Estrous Cycle

Estrogens

Median Eminence

Ovulation Detection

Menstruation

Kisspeptins

Human Growth Hormone

Ovulation Induction

Reproduction

Luteal Cells

Thyrotropin

Theca Cells

Organ Size