AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Longitudinal StudiesNational Longitudinal Study of Adolescent HealthProspective StudiesAgingRisk FactorsCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesQuestionnairesBaltimoreAge FactorsCross-Sectional StudiesSex FactorsTime FactorsChild DevelopmentLinear ModelsSocioeconomic FactorsBody Mass IndexHealth StatusPrevalenceCognition DisordersDepressionPregnancyAdolescent BehaviorRegression AnalysisDisease ProgressionParent-Child RelationsNeuropsychological TestsUnited StatesCognitionInfant, NewbornLogistic ModelsSmokingIncidenceMothersStress, PsychologicalEducational StatusParentingInterpersonal RelationsSocial EnvironmentSeverity of Illness IndexMagnetic Resonance ImagingPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPatient DropoutsParentsChild BehaviorAlcohol DrinkingReproducibility of ResultsChild of Impaired ParentsPubertyEnglandAdolescent PsychologyMultivariate AnalysisJuvenile DelinquencySocial ClassPeer GroupAdaptation, PsychologicalBody HeightAdolescent DevelopmentAnalysis of VarianceTemperamentPredictive Value of TestsActivities of Daily LivingMother-Child RelationsAnthropometrySocial SupportObesityHealth SurveysBiological MarkersInternal-External ControlDepressive DisorderGreat BritainDementiaModels, StatisticalBody WeightSocial AdjustmentPersonality DevelopmentEmploymentQuality of LifeReference ValuesAustraliaIntelligenceGrowthAchievementSubstance-Related DisordersFathersWisconsinLife Change EventsSwedenGeriatric AssessmentEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupPersonalityOdds RatioSelf ConceptResidence CharacteristicsModels, PsychologicalMental HealthComorbidityEpidemiologic MethodsChild Behavior DisordersPsychometricsBirth WeightFather-Child RelationsCrime VictimsNetherlandsIntelligence TestsMental DisordersPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsMortalityStatistics as TopicFamilyInterviews as TopicViolenceFamily ConflictMotion Pictures as TopicUrban PopulationChild AbuseSeasonsBreast FeedingAfrican AmericansSex DistributionSocializationHealth BehaviorProportional Hazards ModelsCase-Control StudiesSex CharacteristicsPovertyPersonality InventoryPersonality AssessmentRisk AssessmentAggressionSelf ReportWeight GainPsychotic DisordersHealth Status IndicatorsBrainMotor ActivityAbsorptiometry, PhotonFamily CharacteristicsAdiposityStudentsQuebecFriendsSocial BehaviorChronic DiseaseBody CompositionAge of OnsetExerciseDenmarkRiskData Interpretation, StatisticalBone DensityAnxietyBangladeshEpidemiologic Research DesignOsteoarthritis, KneeChicagoLanguage DevelopmentResearch DesignBlood PressureRural PopulationAlzheimer DiseaseMarriageGestational AgeRisk-TakingConduct DisorderLife StyleTreatment OutcomeHuman DevelopmentAffective SymptomsDisability EvaluationBias (Epidemiology)Anxiety DisordersChi-Square DistributionPhysical FitnessRetrospective StudiesPsychological TestsData CollectionSensitivity and SpecificityDietSexual BehaviorGenotypeInfant BehaviorObject AttachmentCausalityDevelopmental DisabilitiesSchoolsFinlandCardiovascular DiseasesHIV InfectionsNew ZealandSleep DisordersConfidence IntervalsMarylandTwinsOverweightSocial IdentificationAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersNutritional StatusAntisocial Personality DisorderSuicidal IdeationSocial Control, Informal
Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health: Longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in the United States during the 1994-95 school year. The Add Health cohort has been followed into young adulthood. (from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth accessed 08/2012)Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.BaltimoreAge Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Child Development: The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Health Status: The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Cognition Disorders: Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Adolescent Behavior: Any observable response or action of an adolescent.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Parent-Child Relations: The interactions between parent and child.Neuropsychological Tests: Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.United StatesCognition: Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Mothers: Female parents, human or animal.Stress, Psychological: Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.Educational Status: Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.Parenting: Performing the role of a parent by care-giving, nurturance, and protection of the child by a natural or substitute parent. The parent supports the child by exercising authority and through consistent, empathic, appropriate behavior in response to the child's needs. PARENTING differs from CHILD REARING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the children and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.Interpersonal Relations: The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Psychiatric Status Rating Scales: Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.Patient Dropouts: Discontinuance of care received by patient(s) due to reasons other than full recovery from the disease.Parents: Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.Child Behavior: Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, INFANT BEHAVIOR is available.Alcohol Drinking: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Child of Impaired Parents: Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder.Puberty: A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.EnglandAdolescent Psychology: Field of psychology concerned with the normal and abnormal behavior of adolescents. It includes mental processes as well as observable responses.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Juvenile Delinquency: The antisocial acts of children or persons under age which are illegal or lawfully interpreted as constituting delinquency.Social Class: A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.Peer Group: Group composed of associates of same species, approximately the same age, and usually of similar rank or social status.Adaptation, Psychological: A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Body Height: The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.Adolescent Development: The continuous sequential physiological and psychological changes during ADOLESCENCE, approximately between the age of 13 and 18.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Temperament: Predisposition to react to one's environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.Mother-Child Relations: Interaction between a mother and child.Anthropometry: The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.Social Support: Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Internal-External Control: Personality construct referring to an individual's perception of the locus of events as determined internally by his or her own behavior versus fate, luck, or external forces. (ERIC Thesaurus, 1996).Depressive Disorder: An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.Great BritainDementia: An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Social Adjustment: Adaptation of the person to the social environment. Adjustment may take place by adapting the self to the environment or by changing the environment. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 1996)Personality Development: Growth of habitual patterns of behavior in childhood and adolescence.Employment: The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Australia: The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.Intelligence: The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.Growth: Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.Achievement: Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general.Substance-Related Disorders: Disorders related to substance abuse.Fathers: Male parents, human or animal.WisconsinLife Change Events: Those occurrences, including social, psychological, and environmental, which require an adjustment or effect a change in an individual's pattern of living.SwedenGeriatric Assessment: Evaluation of the level of physical, physiological, or mental functioning in the older population group.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Personality: Behavior-response patterns that characterize the individual.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Self Concept: A person's view of himself.Residence Characteristics: Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.Models, Psychological: Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted.Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Epidemiologic Methods: Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.Child Behavior Disorders: Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.Psychometrics: Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.Birth Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Father-Child Relations: Interaction between the father and the child.Crime Victims: Individuals subjected to and adversely affected by criminal activity. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)Netherlands: Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.Intelligence Tests: Standardized tests that measure the present general ability or aptitude for intellectual performance.Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Mortality: All deaths reported in a given population.Statistics as Topic: The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.Family: A social group consisting of parents or parent substitutes and children.Interviews as Topic: Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.Violence: Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc.Family Conflict: Struggle or disagreement between parents, parent and child or other members of a family.Motion Pictures as Topic: The art, technique, or business of producing motion pictures for entertainment, propaganda, or instruction.Urban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.Child Abuse: Abuse of children in a family, institutional, or other setting. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Breast Feeding: The nursing of an infant at the breast.African Americans: Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Socialization: The training or molding of an individual through various relationships, educational agencies, and social controls, which enables him to become a member of a particular society.Health Behavior: Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.Poverty: A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.Personality Inventory: Check list, usually to be filled out by a person about himself, consisting of many statements about personal characteristics which the subject checks.Personality Assessment: The determination and evaluation of personality attributes by interviews, observations, tests, or scales. Articles concerning personality measurement are considered to be within scope of this term.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Aggression: Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.Self Report: Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects.Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Psychotic Disorders: Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)Health Status Indicators: The measurement of the health status for a given population using a variety of indices, including morbidity, mortality, and available health resources.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Absorptiometry, Photon: A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.Family Characteristics: Size and composition of the family.Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.Students: Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.Quebec: A province of eastern Canada. Its capital is Quebec. The region belonged to France from 1627 to 1763 when it was lost to the British. The name is from the Algonquian quilibek meaning the place where waters narrow, referring to the gradually narrowing channel of the St. Lawrence or to the narrows of the river at Cape Diamond. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p993 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p440)Friends: Persons whom one knows, likes, and trusts.Social Behavior: Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Body Composition: The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.DenmarkRisk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Data Interpretation, Statistical: Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.Bone Density: The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.Anxiety: Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.BangladeshEpidemiologic Research Design: The form and structure of analytic studies in epidemiologic and clinical research.Osteoarthritis, Knee: Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)ChicagoLanguage Development: The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences.Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Rural Population: The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.Alzheimer Disease: A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)Marriage: The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby individuals are joined together.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.Risk-Taking: Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.Conduct Disorder: A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Human Development: Continuous sequential changes which occur in the physiological and psychological functions during the life-time of an individual.Affective Symptoms: Mood or emotional responses dissonant with or inappropriate to the behavior and/or stimulus.Disability Evaluation: Determination of the degree of a physical, mental, or emotional handicap. The diagnosis is applied to legal qualification for benefits and income under disability insurance and to eligibility for Social Security and workmen's compensation benefits.Bias (Epidemiology): Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.Anxiety Disorders: Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Physical Fitness: The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Psychological Tests: Standardized tests designed to measure abilities, as in intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests, or to evaluate personality traits.Data Collection: Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Sexual Behavior: Sexual activities of humans.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Infant Behavior: Any observable response or action of a neonate or infant up through the age of 23 months.Object Attachment: Emotional attachment to someone or something in the environment.Causality: The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.Developmental Disabilities: Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)Schools: Educational institutions.FinlandCardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).New Zealand: A group of islands in the southwest Pacific. Its capital is Wellington. It was discovered by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642 and circumnavigated by Cook in 1769. Colonized in 1840 by the New Zealand Company, it became a British crown colony in 1840 until 1907 when colonial status was terminated. New Zealand is a partly anglicized form of the original Dutch name Nieuw Zeeland, new sea land, possibly with reference to the Dutch province of Zeeland. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p842 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p378)Sleep Disorders: Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.MarylandTwins: Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).Overweight: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".Social Identification: The process by which an aspect of self image is developed based on in-group preference or ethnocentrism and a perception of belonging to a social or cultural group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders: Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.Nutritional Status: State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.Antisocial Personality Disorder: A personality disorder whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. The individual must be at least age 18 and must have a history of some symptoms of CONDUCT DISORDER before age 15. (From DSM-IV, 1994)Suicidal Ideation: A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.Social Control, Informal: Those forms of control which are exerted in less concrete and tangible ways, as through folkways, mores, conventions, and public sentiment.

Effect of growth hormone treatment on adult height of children with idiopathic short stature. Genentech Collaborative Group. (1/19822)

BACKGROUND: Short-term administration of growth hormone to children with idiopathic short stature results in increases in growth rate and standard-deviation scores for height. However, the effect of long-term growth hormone therapy on adult height in these children is unknown. METHODS: We studied 121 children with idiopathic short stature, all of whom had an initial height below the third percentile, low growth rates, and maximal stimulated serum concentrations of growth hormone of at least 10 microg per liter. The children were treated with growth hormone (0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight per week) for 2 to 10 years. Eighty of these children have reached adult height, with a bone age of at least 16 years in the boys and at least 14 years in the girls, and pubertal stage 4 or 5. The difference between the predicted adult height before treatment and achieved adult height was compared with the corresponding difference in three untreated normal or short-statured control groups. RESULTS: In the 80 children who have reached adult height, growth hormone treatment increased the mean standard-deviation score for height (number of standard deviations from the mean height for chronologic age) from -2.7 to -1.4. The mean (+/-SD) difference between predicted adult height before treatment and achieved adult height was +5.0+/-5.1 cm for boys and +5.9+/-5.2 cm for girls. The difference between predicted and achieved adult height among treated boys was 9.2 cm greater than the corresponding difference among untreated boys with initial standard-deviation scores of less than -2, and the difference among treated girls was 5.7 cm greater than the difference among untreated girls. CONCLUSION: Long-term administration of growth hormone to children with idiopathic short stature can increase adult height to a level above the predicted adult height and above the adult height of untreated historical control children.  (+info)

Incidence and occupational pattern of leukaemias, lymphomas, and testicular tumours in western Ireland over an 11 year period. (2/19822)

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine incidence of the following malignancies, testicular tumours, all leukaemias and all lymphomas in the West of Ireland in an 11 year period. Secondly, to examine the relation between disease patterns and available occupational data in male subjects of working age. DESIGN: A census survey of all cases occurring in the three counties in the Western Health Board (WHB) area, Galway, Mayo and Roscommon, for the 11 year period 1980 to 1990 inclusive. Average annual age standardised incidence rates for the period were calculated using the 1986 census data. Rates for the area are compared with rates from the southern region of Ireland, which had a tumour registry. Trends over the time period are evaluated. All male subjects for whom occupational data were available were categorised using the Irish socioeconomic group classification and incidence rates by occupation were compared using the standardised incidence ratio method. In one of the counties, Galway, a detailed occupational history of selected cases and an age matched control group was also elicited through patients' general practitioners. SETTING: All available case records in the West of Ireland. RESULTS: There are no national incidence records for the period. Compared with data from the Southern Tumour Registry, the number of cases of women with myeloid leukaemias was significantly lower. Male leukaemia rates were significantly lower as a group (SIR 84 (95% CI 74, 95) but not when considered as individual categories. Regression analysis revealed an increasing trend in the number of new cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among both men (r = 0.47, p = 0.02) and women (r = 0.90, p = 0.0001) and of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in men (r = 0.77, p = 0.005) and women (r = 0.68 p = 0.02) in the WHB region over the last decade. Four hundred and fifty six male cases over the age of 15 years were identified and adequate occupational information was available for 74% of these. Standardised incidence ratios of testicular tumours 100, 938) and agriworkers other than farmers (SIR 377, 95% CI 103, 967). There were also significantly increased incidence ratios for both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR 169, 95% CI 124, 266) and three categories of leukaemias among farmers. Hodgkin's disease and acute myeloid leukaemias were significantly increased among semi-skilled people. Interview data with 90 cases and 54 controls of both sexes revealed that among farmers, cases (n = 31) were significantly less likely than controls (n = 20) to use tractor mounted spraying techniques (OR = 0.19 (95% CI 0.04, 0.80)) and less likely to wear protective masks (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.84)). CONCLUSIONS: Trends of increase in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and some leukaemias are consistent with studies elsewhere. The study provides further evidence of the relation between agricultural work and certain lymphoproliferative cancers. The possible carcinogenic role of chemicals used in agricultural industries must be considered as an explanation.  (+info)

Do housing tenure and car access predict health because they are simply markers of income or self esteem? A Scottish study. (3/19822)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate relations between health (using a range of measures) and housing tenure or car access; and to test the hypothesis that observed relations between these asset based measures and health are simply because they are markers for income or self esteem. DESIGN: Analysis of data from second wave of data collection of West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, collected in 1991 by face to face interviews conducted by nurse interviewers. SETTING: The Central Clydeside Conurbation, in the West of Scotland. SUBJECTS: 785 people (354 men, 431 women) in their late 30s, and 718 people (358 men, 359 women) in their late 50s, participants in a longitudinal study. MEASURES: General Health Questionnaire scores, respiratory function, waist/hip ratio, number of longstanding illnesses, number of symptoms in the last month, and systolic blood pressure; household income adjusted for household size and composition; Rosenberg self esteem score; housing tenure and care access. RESULTS: On bivariate analysis, all the health measures were significantly associated with housing tenure, and all except waist/hip ratio with car access; all except waist/hip ratio were related to income, and all except systolic blood pressure were related to self esteem. In models controlling for age, sex, and their interaction, neither waist/hip ratio nor systolic blood pressure remained significantly associated with tenure or care access. Significant relations with all the remaining health measures persisted after further controlling for income or self esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Housing tenure and car access may not only be related to health because they are markers for income or psychological traits; they may also have some directly health promoting or damaging effects. More research is needed to establish mechanisms by which they may influence health, and to determine the policy implications of their association with health.  (+info)

Carotenoid intakes, assessed by dietary questionnaire, are associated with plasma carotenoid concentrations in an elderly population. (4/19822)

High intakes of fruits and vegetables and of carotenoids are associated with a lower risk for a variety of chronic diseases. It is therefore important to test the validity of dietary questionnaires that assess these intakes. We compared intakes of five carotenoids, as calculated from responses to the Willett 126-item food-frequency questionnaire, with corresponding biochemical measures. Subjects included 346 women and 201 men, aged 67-93 y, in the Framingham Heart Study. Unadjusted correlations were higher among women than men as follows: alpha-carotene 0.33 and 0.18, beta-carotene, 0.36 and 0.25; beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.44 and 0.32; lycopene, 0.35 and 0.21; and lutein + zeaxanthin, 0.27 and 0.10, respectively. Adjustment for age, energy intake, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), plasma cholesterol concentrations and smoking reduced the gender differences, respectively, to the following: alpha-carotene 0.30 and 0.28; beta-carotene, 0.34 and 0.31; beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.45 and 0.36; lycopene, 0.36 and 0.31; and lutein + zeaxanthin, 0.24 and 0.14. Plots of adjusted mean plasma carotenoid concentration by quintile of respective carotenoid intake show apparent greater responsiveness among women, compared with men, to dietary intake of alpha- and beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, but similar blood-diet relationships for lycopene and lutein + zeaxanthin. Reported daily intake of fruits and vegetables correlated most strongly with plasma beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-carotene among women and with plasma alpha- and beta-carotene among men. With the exception of lutein + zeaxanthin, this dietary questionnaire does provide reasonable rankings of carotenoid status among elderly subjects, with the strongest correlations for beta-cryptoxanthin. Appropriate adjustment of confounders is necessary to clarify these associations among men.  (+info)

Obstructive uropathy and hydronephrosis in male KK-Ay mice: a report of cases. (5/19822)

Uropathy associated with hydronephrosis was observed frequently in our male KK-Ay mouse colony during a long-term study of diabetes. The lesion occurred in 24 of the 31 KK-Ay male mice and accounted for the greatest number of spontaneous deaths among them. It was observed after 4 months of age and involved about hard plugs of altered seminal material resembling the seminal vesicle secretion. The plugs became impacted in the urethral bulb and the bladder. The penile anatomy, with its flexure, pressure on the urethra from the bulbocavernosus muscle, and the characteristic ability of the seminal fluid to easily coagulate to form the vaginal plug may have contributed to the lesion. Correlation between development of the uropathy and diabetes has not been established.  (+info)

Measurement of striatal D2 dopamine receptor density and affinity with [11C]-raclopride in vivo: a test-retest analysis. (6/19822)

Subacute and long-term stability of measurements of D2 dopamine receptor density (Bmax), affinity (Kd) was studied with positron emission tomography in eight healthy male volunteers. [11C]-Raclopride and the transient equilibrium method were used to measure D2 receptor characteristics. The interval between measurements (scan pairs) was 3 to 7 weeks (subacute) for four subjects and 6 to 11 months (long-term) for four subjects. A test-retest analysis of quantitative measurements of D2 receptor Bmax and Kd was compared with that done on binding potential (BP, Bmax/Kd) measures. In addition, the effect of error in defining the transient equilibrium time (tmax) in the parameter estimation procedure was explored with simulations. The subacute test-retest indicates good reproducibility of D2 receptor density, affinity, and BP ratio measurements with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.90, 0.96, and 0.86, respectively. The variability of the measurements after 6 to 11 months was slightly higher than that seen in a subacute testing for Kd and more clearly so for binding potential and Bmax. The absolute variability in Bmax (14.5%) measurements was consistently higher than that of Kd (8.4%) or BP (7.9%) both in subacute and long-term measurements. Simulations indicated that the Bmax and Kd estimation procedure is more sensitive to error in the tmax than that for the BP. The results indicate a good overall stability of the equilibrium method with [11C]raclopride for measuring dopamine D2 receptor binding characteristics in the striatum. The BP approach is more stable than Kd and especially Bmax measurements. Error in defining the tmax in particular in the low specific radioactivity scan may be one source of greater variability in Bmax versus BP. However, a higher intraindividual variability in measurements of the D2 receptor Bmax also may include a component of continuous regulation of this parameter over time. These methodologic aspects should be considered in the design and interpretation of longitudinal studies on D2 dopamine receptor characteristics with [11C]-raclopride.  (+info)

New-onset sustained ventricular tachycardia after cardiac surgery. (7/19822)

BACKGROUND: The de novo occurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) after CABG has been described, but the incidence, mortality rate, long-term follow-up, and mechanism are not well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients undergoing CABG at a single institution. Patients were followed up for the development of sustained VT, and a detailed analysis of clinical, angiographic, and surgical variables associated with the occurrence of VT was performed. A total of 382 patients participated, and 12 patients (3.1%) experienced >/=1 episode of sustained VT 4.1+/-4.8 days after CABG. In 11 of 12 patients, no postoperative complication explained the VT; 1 patient had a perioperative myocardial infarction. The in-hospital mortality rate was 25%. Patients with VT were more likely to have prior myocardial infarction (92% versus 50%, P<0.01), severe congestive heart failure (56% versus 21%, P<0.01), and ejection fraction <0.40 (70% versus 29%, P<0.01). When all 3 factors were present, the risk of VT was 30%, a 14-fold increase. Patients with VT had more noncollateralized totally occluded vessels on angiogram (1.4+/-0.97 versus 0.54+/-0.7, P<0.01), a bypass graft across a noncollateralized occluded vessel (1.50+/-1.0 versus 0.42+/-0.62, P<0.01), and a bypass graft across a noncollateralized occluded vessel to an infarct zone (1.50+/-1.0 versus 0.17+/-0.38, P<0.01). By multivariate analysis, the number of bypass grafts across a noncollateralized occluded vessel to an infarct zone was the only independent factor predicting VT. CONCLUSIONS: The first presentation of sustained monomorphic VT in the recovery period after CABG is uncommon, but the incidence is high in specific clinical subsets. Placement of a bypass graft across a noncollateralized total occlusion in a vessel supplying an infarct zone was strongly and independently associated with the development of VT.  (+info)

Septicemia in dialysis patients: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. (8/19822)

BACKGROUND: Infection is second to cardiovascular disease as a cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and septicemia causes a majority of these infectious deaths. To identify patients at high risk and to characterize modifiable risk factors for septicemia, we examined the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis for septicemia in a large, representative group of U.S. dialysis patients. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of incident ESRD patients in the case-mix study of the U.S. Renal Data System with seven years of follow-up from hospitalization and death records. Poisson regression was used to examine independent risk factors for hospital-managed septicemia. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the independent effect of septicemia on all-cause mortality and on death from septicemia. Separate analyses were performed for patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). RESULTS: Over seven years of follow-up, 11.7% of 4005 HD patients and 9.4% of 913 PD patients had at least one episode of septicemia. Older age and diabetes were independent risk factors for septicemia in all patients. Among HD patients, low serum albumin, temporary vascular access, and dialyzer reuse were also associated with increased risk. Among PD patients, white race and having no health insurance at dialysis initiation were also risk factors. Patients with septicemia had twice the risk of death from any cause and a fivefold to ninefold increased risk of death from septicemia. CONCLUSIONS: Septicemia, which carries a marked increased risk of death, occurs frequently in patients on PD as well as HD. Early referral to a nephrologist, improving nutrition, and avoiding temporary vascular access may decrease the incidence of septicemia. Further study of how race, insurance status, and dialyzer reuse can contribute to the risk of septicemia among ESRD patients is indicated.  (+info)

Impact of persistent hip or knee pain on overall health status in elderly people: A longitudinal population study - Dawson -...Impact of persistent hip or knee pain on overall health status in elderly people: A longitudinal population study - Dawson -...
At baseline, 1,305 (40.7%) of 3,210 eligible respondents reported hip or knee pain. At 1 year, 1,072 (82.1%) of 1,305 individuals responded, of whom 820 (76.5%) remained symptomatic (the persistent group). In multivariate analysis, baseline factors identified as strongly related to having persistent pain were maximum Lequesne score (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, P , 0.001), maximum hip/knee pain score (OR 1.61, P , 0.001), and number of painful hip and knee joints at baseline (OR 1.48, P = 0.004). Following adjustment for age, sex, and baseline score, differences in mean SF-36 change scores of the 2 groups were significant for all dimensions except for mental health. ...
Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study | The BMJSmoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study | The BMJ
In a previous study we showed that female smokers have about a 50% higher relative risk of dying from vascular disease.5 The present study confirmed this sex difference and found that the difference is not affected by adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors.. Our analyses were based on baseline smoking status. If substantially more men than women gave up smoking during follow up, this could explain some of the observed difference. In 11 094 subjects in the Copenhagen city heart study who were re-examined after 5 years, 12.8% of men and 11.6% of women who smoked at baseline had given up smoking. As quitting rates were similar, this is not likely to have affected results.. A few studies have addressed the issue of sex difference in effect of smoking on ischaemic heart disease. 4 8-12 In a large prospective Norwegian study that included 11 843 subjects, relative risk of myocardial infarction was 3.3 in female current smokers and 1.9 in male current smokers after adjustment for total and ...
Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study | The BMJSmoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study | The BMJ
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
Childhood behavior problems and academic outcomes in adolescence: longitudinal population-based study<...Childhood behavior problems and academic outcomes in adolescence: longitudinal population-based study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Childhood behavior problems and academic outcomes in adolescence. T2 - longitudinal population-based study. AU - Sayal, Kapil. AU - Washbrook, Elizabeth. AU - Propper, Carol. PY - 2015/5. Y1 - 2015/5. N2 - Objective To investigate the impact of increasing levels of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional/defiant behaviors at age 7 years on academic achievement at age 16 years. Method In a population-based sample of 7-year-old children in England, information was obtained about inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional/defiant behaviors (using parent and teacher ratings) and the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). After adjusting for confounder variables, their associations with academic achievement in national General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations (using scores and minimum expected school-leaving qualification level [5 "good" GCSEs]) at age 16 years were ...
Longitudinal effects of muscular hypertrophy allele on milk production traits during the lactation using a novel equivalent...Longitudinal effects of muscular hypertrophy allele on milk production traits during the lactation using a novel equivalent...
Longitudinal effects of muscular hypertrophy allele on milk production traits during the lactation using a novel equivalent model when molecular information is ...
eCite - The association between hip bone marrow lesions and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional and longitudinal population...eCite - The association between hip bone marrow lesions and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional and longitudinal population...
The association between hip bone marrow lesions and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based study
Brain characteristics of memory decline and stability in aging : Contributions from longitudinal observationsBrain characteristics of memory decline and stability in aging : Contributions from longitudinal observations
Aging is typically associated with declining mental abilities, most prominent for some forms of memory. There are, however, large inter-individual differences within the older population. Some people experience rapid decline whereas others seem almost spared from any adverse effects of aging. This thesis examined the neural underpinnings of such individual differences by using longitudinal observations of episodic memory change across 15-20 years, combined with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Study I found significant correlations between volume and activity of the hippocampus (HC), and memory change over a 6-year period. That is, individuals with decline in HC function also had declining memory. In contrast, Study II showed that successfully aged individuals, who maintained high memory scores over 15-20 years, had preserved HC function compared to age-matched elderly with average memory change. The successful agers had HC activity levels comparable to those of ...
Baseline and longitudinal patterns of brain atrophy in MCI patients, and their use in prediction of short-term conversion to AD...Baseline and longitudinal patterns of brain atrophy in MCI patients, and their use in prediction of short-term conversion to AD...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Baseline and longitudinal patterns of brain atrophy in MCI patients, and their use in prediction of short-term conversion to AD. T2 - Results from ADNI. AU - Misra, Chandan. AU - Fan, Yong. AU - Davatzikos, Christos. PY - 2009/2/15. Y1 - 2009/2/15. N2 - High-dimensional pattern classification was applied to baseline and multiple follow-up MRI scans of the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in order to investigate the potential of predicting short-term conversion to Alzheimers Disease (AD) on an individual basis. MCI participants that converted to AD (average follow-up 15 months) displayed significantly lower volumes in a number of grey matter (GM) regions, as well as in the white matter (WM). They also displayed more pronounced periventricular small-vessel pathology, as well as an increased rate of increase of such pathology. Individual person analysis was performed using a pattern classifier previously ...
UK Data Service Discover » Impact of Dependent Interviewing on Interview Dynamics: Implications for Longitudinal Study Design,...UK Data Service Discover » Impact of Dependent Interviewing on Interview Dynamics: Implications for Longitudinal Study Design,...
UK Data Service data catalogue record for Impact of Dependent Interviewing on Interview Dynamics: Implications for Longitudinal Study Design, 2006.
CLA+ & CWRA+ Longitudinal Outcomes StudyCLA+ & CWRA+ Longitudinal Outcomes Study
Launched in fall 2013, CLA+ is designed to assess the skills most critical for success beyond college. Its high school counterpart, CWRA+, measures identical skills that are critical for success in college. CLA+ and CWRA+ provide reliable measures of students ability to solve complex problems by analyzing and synthesizing disparate pieces of information while presenting cohesive, persuasive, and grammatically correct solutions.. Given that the skills measured by CLA+-Analysis and Problem Solving, Writing Effectiveness, Writing Mechanics, Scientific and Quantitative Reasoning, Critical Reading and Evaluation, and Critique an Argument (detecting logical flaws and questionable assumptions)-are skills that are widely valued especially by employers, CAE is undertaking longitudinal studies to examine the relationship between individuals performance on CLA+ and their post-collegiate outcomes.. The CLA+ and CWRA+ longitudinal outcomes survey project began with a year-long feasibility study, starting ...
Longitudinal Patterns of Pain Reporting among Community-dwelling Older Adults. | Physicians WeeklyLongitudinal Patterns of Pain Reporting among Community-dwelling Older Adults. | Physician's Weekly
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6783 community-dwelling participants using six years of longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). NHATS is a cohort of older adults that is representative of Medicare Beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. NHATS data collection began in 2011, and demographic and health data are collected annually through in-person interviews. Participants were asked if they had bothersome pain and activity-limiting pain in the past month. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify longitudinal patterns of bothersome pain and activity-limiting pain over six years. We used weighted, multinomial logistic regression to examine associations with each trajectory ...
Loewenstein, D.A., Greig, M.T., Schinka, J.A., et al. (2012) An investigation of PreMCI Subtypes and longitudinal outcomes....Loewenstein, D.A., Greig, M.T., Schinka, J.A., et al. (2012) An investigation of PreMCI Subtypes and longitudinal outcomes....
Loewenstein, D.A., Greig, M.T., Schinka, J.A., et al. (2012) An investigation of PreMCI Subtypes and longitudinal outcomes. Alzheimers & Dementia, 8, 172-179.
A population-based longitudinal study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ and subsequent risk of psychotic...A population-based longitudinal study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ and subsequent risk of psychotic...
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia has a neurodevelopmental component to its origin, and may share overlapping pathogenic mechanisms with childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs). Nevertheless, longitudinal studies of psychotic outcomes among individuals with NDs are limited. We report a population-based prospective study of six common childhood NDs, subsequent neurocognitive performance and the risk of psychotic experiences (PEs) in early adolescence. METHOD: PEs were assessed by semi-structured interviews at age 13 years. IQ and working memory were measured between ages 9 and 11 years. The presence of six NDs (autism spectrum, dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, dysorthographia, dyscalculia) was determined from parent-completed questionnaires at age 9 years. Linear regression calculated the mean difference in cognitive scores between children with and without NDs. Associations between NDs and PEs were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs); effects of cognitive deficits ...
Longitudinal effects of change in body mass on measurements of ventilatory capacity. | ThoraxLongitudinal effects of change in body mass on measurements of ventilatory capacity. | Thorax
BACKGROUND: In several longitudinal studies changes in body mass and in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) have been found to be negatively correlated. This paper tests the hypothesis that failure to allow for the association can lead to error in the interpretation of longitudinal measurements of ventilatory capacity. METHODS: Male shipyard workers (n = 1005) were assessed on two occasions with an average interval between measurements of 6.9 years. A respiratory symptoms questionnaire, detailed anthropometric measurements, and dynamic spirometric tests were undertaken. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify variables which contributed to the changes in lung function. RESULTS: After allowing for age and growth in stature, a change in body mass of 1 kg was, on average, associated with a mean (SE) converse change in FEV1 of 17.6 (2.0) ml, and in forced vital capacity (FVC) of 21.1 (2.5) ml. Neglect of changes in body mass (which in this context reflected changes in body fat) ...
Understanding employee attitudes to change in longitudinal perspective: a study in UK public services 1996-2007<...Understanding employee attitudes to change in longitudinal perspective: a study in UK public services 1996-2007<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Understanding employee attitudes to change in longitudinal perspective. T2 - a study in UK public services 1996-2007. AU - Procter, Stephen. AU - Randall, Julian Adrian. PY - 2015/1. Y1 - 2015/1. N2 - Purpose- The purpose of this paper is twofold: to understand how and why employee attitudes to change might change over time; and to demonstrate what type of research might best capture this change.Design/methodology/approach- The paper brings together three studies of the same organization, conducted at different times by the same researchers.Findings- Employee attitudes to change in the three episodes are portrayed in terms of the assumptions that seem to underpin them. The first episode is characterized by a challenge to the basic assumptions employees have about their work; the second, by a fragmentation of assumptions according to sub-group; and the third, by the confirmation of a new set of assumptions about what work involves.Research limitations/implications- The paper ...
Randomized Controlled Trial of Group-Based Culturally Specific Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Af - North American Quitline...Randomized Controlled Trial of Group-Based Culturally Specific Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Af - North American Quitline...
This study tested the efficacy of group-based culturally specific cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation among low-income African Americans. Participants (N=342; 63.8% male; M=49.5 years old; Mcigarettes/day=18) were randomly assigned to eight sessions of group-based culturally specific or standard CBT, plus 8-weeks of transdermal nicotine patches. Biochemically-verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (ppa) was assessed at the end-of-therapy (i.e., CBT) (EOT), and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Primary outcomes were the longitudinal intervention effect over the 12-month follow-up period, and 7-day ppa at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included 7-day ppa at the EOT and 12-month follow-up, and intervention ratings. Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) tested the longitudinal effect and logistic regression tested effects at specific time points. GLMM demonstrated a longitudinal effect of intervention condition. Specifically, 7-day ppa was 2 times (p = .02) ...
Climate-driven longitudinal trends in pasture-borne helminth infections of dairy cattleClimate-driven longitudinal trends in pasture-borne helminth infections of dairy cattle
article{8510376, author = {Charlier, Johannes and Habteab Ghebretinsae, Aklilu and Levecke, Bruno and Ducheyne, Els and Claerebout, Edwin and Vercruysse, Jozef}, issn = {0020-7519}, journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY}, keyword = {Cattle,Ostertagia,Fasciola,Climate change,ELISA,Infectious disease,FREE-LIVING STAGES,BULK-TANK MILK,SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS,FASCIOLA-HEPATICA,OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI,SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION,GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES,ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS,POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCE,FARMED RUMINANTS}, language = {eng}, number = {13-14}, pages = {881--888}, title = {Climate-driven longitudinal trends in pasture-borne helminth infections of dairy cattle}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.09.001}, volume = {46}, year = {2016 ...
One-leg standing balance and functional status in a population of 512 community-living elderly persons | SpringerLinkOne-leg standing balance and functional status in a population of 512 community-living elderly persons | SpringerLink
The objective of this cross-sectional study (whose baseline data were drawn from a longitudinal population study) was to determine if oneleg standing balance might be a useful marker of functional sta
Direct, Longitudinal Comparison of 1H and 23Na MRI After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia | StrokeDirect, Longitudinal Comparison of 1H and 23Na MRI After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia | Stroke
TTC-stained sections are shown in Figure 2, A through C⇑, and the evolution of TTC-defined infarct volume is shown in Figure 3A⇑. Infarct size grew to ≈50% of the ipsilateral cortex over the first 2 days. On day 0.5, 1 animal of 6 exhibited a TTC-defined infarct. That fraction increased to half of the animals on day 1 and all of the animals on day 2. Statistical analysis revealed 2 salient results. First, days 2 and 14 were significantly different from day 0.5 (P=0.002 and P=0.003) but not from each other. Thus, infarct volume peaked by day 2. Second, the difference between days 1 and 2 was statistically significant, indicating that the majority of infarct growth occurred between these 2 time points with no significant changes thereafter (P=0.016).. 1H T2 maps are shown in Figure 2, D through G⇑, and the evolution of the volume of tissue with prolonged T2 is shown in Figure 3B⇑. Abnormality volume grew to 50% of the affected cortex over the first 2 days. On day 0.5, 5 of the 21 animals ...
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In this population-based longitudinal study in the Brazilian Amazon area, the A allele of FTO rs9939609 was significantly associated with higher BMI gain during childhood. The genotype effects were modified by baseline vitamin D status-children with insufficient 25(OH)D levels presented larger increases in BMI for each A allele compared with those with normal 25(OH)D concentrations.. Our findings of the longitudinal effects of FTO genotype on child weight gain are in line with previous reports. A large meta-analysis including data from eight European cohorts with 9,143 children on average per age stratum found an additive effect of rs9939609 A allele on BMI starting at 5.5 years of age (2). FTO variants have also been associated with higher BMI among African American subjects as young as 10 years old (16) and Brazilian children since age 4 years (17). There is indication that variation at the FTO locus may impact developmental age in relation to BMI in childhood by accelerating adiposity rebound ...
Discuss the pros and cons of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal approaches to the study of development. - A-Level Psychology -...Discuss the pros and cons of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal approaches to the study of development. - A-Level Psychology -...
Introduction. Discuss the pros and cons of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal approaches to the study of development. Word Count: 1103 The study of development, also known as Developmental psychology is all about the study of change over time. It is about understanding the nature and processes that are involved in biological, social, cognitive and emotional changes. The main interest and focus of developmental psychology lies in childhood development from birth through to adolescence. However the main responsibility is to study change from infancy to old age. The goal is to establish a core understanding of changes and the processes that generate them. Psychologists want to do more than simply describe, they want to understand the processes and causes of developmental change. They want to be able to explain changes in behaviour in order to be able to control or prevent it. In order to comprehend developmental change over time, psychologists have employed a number of research methods both ...
Body fatness : Longitudinal relationship of body mass index and the sum of skinfolds with other risk factors for coronary heart...Body fatness : Longitudinal relationship of body mass index and the sum of skinfolds with other risk factors for coronary heart...
OBJECTIVE : To analyse the longitudinal relationships between body mass index BMI/sum of skinfolds SSF and biological and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease ICHD. DESIGN : An observational longitudinal study ; that is, the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. SUBJECTS : 181 males and females, initially aged 13 y. Over a period of...
ALCOHOL REPORTS: Genetic influences on alcohol use across stages of development: GABRA2 and longitudinal trajectories of...ALCOHOL REPORTS: Genetic influences on alcohol use across stages of development: GABRA2 and longitudinal trajectories of...
We use data from 1070 individuals who participated in the prospective sample of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, in order to better understand the unfolding of genetic risk across development. Piecewise linear growth models were fit to model the influence of genotype on rate of increase in drunkenness from early adolescence to young adulthood (14-18 years), the change in drunkenness during the transition to adulthood (18-19 years) and the rate of change in drunkenness across young adulthood (≥ 19 years). ...
Is Full Better than Half? Examining the Longitudinal Effects of Full-day Kindergarten Attendance | RANDIs Full Better than Half? Examining the Longitudinal Effects of Full-day Kindergarten Attendance | RAND
This paper uses the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 to evaluate the efficacy of the full-day kindergarten policy.
Advertising=S Longitudinal Effects on Brand Attitudes: the Moderating Roles of Evaluation Goals and Attitude Confidence by...Advertising=S Longitudinal Effects on Brand Attitudes: the Moderating Roles of Evaluation Goals and Attitude Confidence by...
Table 3 shows the results. The hypotheses predict a positive parameter for Ab1 X Cf term and a negative parameter for Cb2 X Cf term. Results support this prediction: The parameter estimate was positive and significant for Ab1 X Cf term (bAb1xCf=.387, t=3.286, p , .01) and negative and significant for Cb2 X Cf term (bCb2xCf= -.325, t= -3.154, p , .01). As expected, the parameter estimate was insignificant for attitude confidence (bCf= -.017, t= -.280). These results support H4-a and H4-b.. Although our major concern was the effect of ad exposure on brand attitudes at a later time, we additionally investigated the effects of Aad1 and Ab1 on Aad2 in each evaluation group. In the ad evaluation group, Aad2 appeared to be influenced by Aad1 more than by Ab1 (.357 vs. -.122), whereas in the brand evaluation group Aad2 appeared to be influenced by Ab1 more than by Aad1 (.605 vs. .046). The reason is thought to be that in the ad evaluation group Aad1 is more salient than Ab1, whereas in the brand ...
How Does Marriage Affect Physical and Psychological Health? A Survey of the Longitudinal EvidenceHow Does Marriage Affect Physical and Psychological Health? A Survey of the Longitudinal Evidence
Downloadable! This paper examines an accumulating modern literature on the health benefits of relationships like marriage. Although much remains to be understood about the physiological channels, we draw the judgment, after looking across many journals and disciplines, that there is persuasive longitudinal evidence for such effects. The size of the health gain from marriage is remarkable. It may be as large as the benefit from giving up smoking.
Longitudinal trajectories of awareness in early-stage dementia - Open Research OnlineLongitudinal trajectories of awareness in early-stage dementia - Open Research Online
Although it is often assumed that awareness decreases as dementia severity increases, there is limited evidence regarding changes in awareness over time. We examined awareness in 101 individuals with early-stage dementia (PwD) and their carers; 66 were reassessed after 12 months and 51 were seen again at 20 months. Awareness was assessed in relation to memory, everyday activities, and socio-emotional functioning using discrepancies between PwD and carer ratings on parallel questionnaires. PwD completed neuropsychological tests and measures of mood and quality of life. Carers completed measures of mood and stress. At initial assessment, discrepancies were greatest for activities of daily living, moderate for memory, and least pronounced for socio-emotional functioning. Discrepancy scores did not change over time. PwD self-ratings indicated perceived poorer functioning in everyday activities over time, but no change for memory and socio-emotional functioning. Carer ratings indicated perceived ...
School performance and the risk of suicide attempts in young adults: a longitudinal population-based studySchool performance and the risk of suicide attempts in young adults: a longitudinal population-based study
Poor school performance was found to predict suicide attempts among young adults without a history of suicidal thoughts. Adult health behaviours and social conditions did not explain this relationship. Instead, other factors linked with poor school performance, such as poor coping ability, may incre …
Conventional epidemiology underestimates the incidence of asthma and wheeze : a longitudinal population-based study among...Conventional epidemiology underestimates the incidence of asthma and wheeze : a longitudinal population-based study among...
BACKGROUND: Because of shifts in the gender ratio and incidence and remission rates of asthma during the teen ages, the methodology of incidence studies among teenagers is important, i.e. if the time intervals between surveys are too long, the incident cases might not be properly identified. The aim was to study the impact of study design on the incidence rates of asthma and wheeze during the teen ages.. METHODS: In a study about asthma and allergic diseases within the OLIN studies (Obstructive Lung Disease in northern Sweden), a cohort of school children (n = 3,430) was followed annually by questionnaire from age 8 yrs. In the endpoint survey (age 18 yrs) 2,582 (75% of original responders) participated. Incident cases from age 12-18 yrs were identified by two methods: annual questionnaire reports (AR) and baseline-endpoint surveys only (BE).. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of asthma and wheeze was significantly higher based on AR compared to BE. Compared to the incidence rates based on all ...
Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging | Canadian Longitudinal Study on AgingCanadian Longitudinal Study on Aging | Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) is a large, national, long-term study that will follow approximately 50,000 individuals who are between the ages of 45 and 85 when recruited, for at least 20 years. The CLSA will collect information on the changing biological, medical, psychological, social, lifestyle and economic aspects of peoples lives. These factors will be studied to understand how, individually and in combination, they have an impact in both maintaining health and in the development of disease and disability as people age. ...
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) is one of six surveys, designed by the United States Department of Labor, comprising the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) Series. The survey was intended to be representative of United States residents, both male and female, in 1979 who were born between the years of 1957 and 1964. The NLSY79 observes the life-course experiences of young adults that had, typically, finished their schooling and were making decisions about education and training, entering the labor market, military service, marriage, and having families. The survey was conducted annually between the years of 1979 and 1994 and then biennially thereafter. The NLSY79 addresses 13 main topics including: labor market experiences, training investments, schooling, military experience, income and assets, health conditions, substance abuse and criminal behavior, geographic residence, family background, household composition, marital and fertility histories, and childcare. Between ...
National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women, 1968-2003National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women, 1968-2003
The National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women is one of six surveys, designed by the United States Department of Labor, comprising the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) Series. The original purpose of the survey was to study employment patterns of women in their teens and early 20s who were completing school, making initial career and job decisions, and starting families. The survey was first administered to 5,159 respondents by interviewers from the United States Census Bureau in 1968. The survey has been repeated a further 21 times, approximately every other year, between the years of 1968 and 2003. Unlike the two NLS male cohorts, which were abandoned by the early 1990s, the NLS of Young Women is an ongoing study. The survey queried respondents on 17 main subjects: work and nonwork experiences, work-related discrimination, training investments, schooling information, retirement status and plans, volunteer work and leisure-time activities, physical well-being, health care and health ...
New AGHLS-publication! - Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal StudyNew AGHLS-publication! - Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study
The AGHLS-team published an article on the longitudinal relation between muscle strength and smoking in European Addiction Research: The longitudinal relation between smoking and muscle strength Aims: To assess longitudinally whether smoking tobacco is related to muscle strength in healthy adults and to assess the influence of lifestyle covariates on this relation. Data were obtained…
Quality of life at older ages: evidence from the English longitudinal study of aging (wave 1) | Journal of Epidemiology &...Quality of life at older ages: evidence from the English longitudinal study of aging (wave 1) | Journal of Epidemiology &...
Objectives: To investigate whether longstanding illnesses, social context, and current socioeconomic circumstances predict quality of life.. Design: Secondary analysis of wave 1 of the English longitudinal study of aging. Missing data were imputed and multiple regression analyses conducted.. Setting: England, 2002. Participants: Nationally representative sample of non-institutionalised adults living in England (n = 11 234, 54.5% women, age 65.1 (SD 10.2) years).. Main outcome measure: Quality of life as measured by CASP-19, a 19 item Likert scaled index.. Results: The quality of life was reduced by depression (β −0.265), poor perceived financial situation (β −0.157), limitations in mobility (β −0.124), difficulties with everyday activities (β −0.112), and limiting longstanding illness (β −0.112). The quality of life was improved by trusting relationships with family (β 0.105) and friends (β 0.078), frequent contacts with friends (β 0.059), living in good neighbourhoods (β ...
Altmetric - Chronicity of sleep problems in children with chronic illness: a longitudinal population-based studyAltmetric - Chronicity of sleep problems in children with chronic illness: a longitudinal population-based study
Older research outputs will score higher simply because theyve had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 252,880 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 35th percentile - i.e., 35% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it ...
Early-life origins of adult disease: national longitudinal population-based study of the United States. - PubMed - NCBIEarly-life origins of adult disease: national longitudinal population-based study of the United States. - PubMed - NCBI
Am J Public Health. 2011 Dec;101(12):2317-24. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300252. Epub 2011 Oct 20. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Is age-related decline in lean mass and physical function accelerated by obstructive lung disease or smoking? | ThoraxIs age-related decline in lean mass and physical function accelerated by obstructive lung disease or smoking? | Thorax
In this study we have shown striking similarities in body composition and physical functioning between older adult men and women with mild-to-moderate OLD and smokers with normal lung function. These were characterised by a markedly lower body weight, lean mass, fat mass, BMC and quadriceps strength compared with never-smoking controls. Interestingly, because longitudinal trajectories in the eighth decade of life were, to a large extent, comparable to those of their never-smoking controls, the large baseline differences persisted over a period of 7 years of follow-up. This suggests that a common insult related to smoking induced a divergent pattern earlier in life which may not uniformly persist into old age.. The unique design of the Health ABC Study enabled us to investigate for the first time the longitudinal pattern and progression of body composition changes and the decline in physical functioning simultaneously in persons with OLD and smokers without OLD in comparison with ageing effects ...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Longitudinal Predictors of Self-Rated Health and Mortality in Older Adults - 23514 | Preventing Chronic...Welcome to CDC stacks | Longitudinal Predictors of Self-Rated Health and Mortality in Older Adults - 23514 | Preventing Chronic...
Time 1 depression was the strongest predictor of self-rated health at all points, independent of age and education. Education, mild activities, body mass index, delayed word recall, and smoking were all associated with self-rated health at each point and predicted mortality. Delayed word recall mediated the relationships of mild activity with health and mortality. Bidirectional mediation was found for the effects of mild activity and depression on health ...
Identification and Estimation of Irregular Correlated Random Coefficient ModelsIdentification and Estimation of 'Irregular' Correlated Random Coefficient Models
In this paper we study identification and estimation of a correlated random coefficients (CRC) panel data model. The outcome of interest varies linearly with a vector of endogenous regressors. The coefficients on these regressors are heterogenous across units and may covary with them. We consider the average partial effect (APE) of a small change in the regressor vector on the outcome (cf., Chamberlain, 1984; Wooldridge, 2005a). Chamberlain (1992) calculates the semiparametric efficiency bound for the APE in our model and proposes a √N consistent estimator. Nonsingularity of the APEs information bound, and hence the appropriateness of Chamberlains (1992) estimator, requires (i) the time dimension of the panel (T) to strictly exceed the number of random coefficients (p) and (ii) strong conditions on the time series properties of the regressor vector. We demonstrate irregular identification of the APE when T = p and for more persistent regressor processes. Our approach exploits the different ...
CLS conference highlights the relevance of longitudinal research to policy - Centre for Longitudinal StudiesCLS conference highlights the relevance of longitudinal research to policy - Centre for Longitudinal Studies
Longitudinal research is a crucial source of evidence for policy in areas as diverse as mental health, unemployment, cognitive development, parenting, poverty and obesity, according to speakers at the Centre for Longitudinal Studies annual conference.
APOEε4 Genotype and Hypertension Modify 8-year Cortical Thinning: Five Occasion Evidence from the Seattle Longitudinal Study.APOEε4 Genotype and Hypertension Modify 8-year Cortical Thinning: Five Occasion Evidence from the Seattle Longitudinal Study.
Author(s): Rast, Philippe; Kennedy, Kristen M; Rodrigue, Karen M; Robinson, Paul RAW; Gross, Alden L; McLaren, Donald G; Grabowski, Tom; Schaie, K Warner; Willis, Sherry L | Abstract: We investigated individual differences in longitudinal trajectories of brain aging in cognitively normal healthy adults from the Seattle Longitudinal Study covering 8 years of longitudinal change (across 5 occasions) in cortical thickness in 249 midlife and older adults (52-95 years old). We aimed to understand true brain change; examine the influence of salient risk factors that modify an individuals rate of cortical thinning; and compare cross-sectional age-related differences in cortical thickness to longitudinal within-person cortical thinning. We used Multivariate Multilevel Modeling to simultaneously model dependencies among 5 lobar composites (Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, and Cingulate [CING]) and account for the longitudinal nature of the data. Results indicate (1) all 5 lobar composites significantly
Marriage can, milkshake cannot?…Marriage can, milkshake cannot?…
Can marriage protect us against dementia? Researchers at Loughborough University wanted to see whether marriage offers a protective role in dementia. The study was part of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. This is a population-based longitudinal study of a representative sample of adults aged 50 and older. It began in 2000. Repeat assessments take place…
Resilience in Midwestern Families: Selected Findings from the First Decade of a Prospective, Longitudinal Study - Conger - 2002...Resilience in Midwestern Families: Selected Findings from the First Decade of a Prospective, Longitudinal Study - Conger - 2002...
The authors review findings related to mechanisms of resilience in an ongoing longitudinal study of a cohort of 558 focal youth and their families. The ongoing study began when the cohort of adolescents was in 7th grade. Findings demonstrate that resilience to economic adversity for the parents of the focal adolescents was promoted by marital support, effective problem solving skills, and a sense of mastery. For the cohort of youth, resilience to economic hardship was promoted by support from parents, siblings, and adults outside the family. Resilience to the difficult transitions from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to early adulthood was especially fostered by nurturant-involved parenting and by less angry or hostile parenting. ...
Power and Sample Size for Multilevel and Longitudinal Study Designs | CourseraPower and Sample Size for Multilevel and Longitudinal Study Designs | Coursera
플로리다대학교에서 제공합니다. Power and Sample Size for Longitudinal and Multilevel Study Designs, a five-week, fully online course covers innovative, ... Enroll for free.
U.S. GAO - Weapon Systems Annual Assessment: Limited Use of Knowledge-Based Practices Continues to Undercut DODs InvestmentsU.S. GAO - Weapon Systems Annual Assessment: Limited Use of Knowledge-Based Practices Continues to Undercut DOD's Investments
In our 17th annual assessment, we reviewed DODs 82 largest complex programs (worth $1.69 trillion). Our review comes during a time of significant change at DOD. DOD has transferred oversight responsibilities for many programs to the military services that manage them. At the department-level, it is now focusing on developing weapons capabilities faster. We will continue to monitor these changes in oversight.Meanwhile, we found that costs continue to increase for many of these programs-even those that started after major acquisition reforms were adopted in 2010. This is troubling because these reforms were supposed to limit cost growth.Arleigh Burke-class DestroyerA military ship in the water.This special report is GAOs 17th annual assessment of the Department of Defenses (DOD) $1.69 trillion portfolio of 82 major weapon systems acquisition programs.
Preliminary Report on the Longitudinal Comparison Study of the National Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health...Preliminary Report on the Longitudinal Comparison Study of the National Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health...
Holden, E. (2001). Preliminary Report on the Longitudinal Comparison Study of the National Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, The Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute Research and Training Center for Childrens Mental Health ...
Comorbid chronic diseases, discordant impact on mortality in older people: a 14-year longitudinal population study | Journal of...Comorbid chronic diseases, discordant impact on mortality in older people: a 14-year longitudinal population study | Journal of...
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) - ADAThe Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) - ADA
The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) is an Australia-wide study of the health and lifestyles of a large group of Australian males aged between 10 and 55 at recruitment. The study will follow participants over time and provide an important resource for improving the health of Australian men and boys.. Ten to Men researches the social, economic and lifestyle factors that impact on the health and wellbeing of Australian males at different stages of life. It is the first national longitudinal study in Australia focusing exclusively on male health and wellbeing. The study will make a significant contribution to improving knowledge about male health and wellbeing across the life course. ...
A Randomized Trial of Longitudinal Effects of Low-Intensity Responsivity Education/Prelinguistic Milieu TeachingA Randomized Trial of Longitudinal Effects of Low-Intensity Responsivity Education/Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching
Purpose: To evaluate the longitudinal effects of a 6-month course of responsivity education (RE)/prelinguistic milieu teaching (PMT) for young children with developmental delay. Method: Fifty-one children, age 24-33 months, with fewer than 10 expressive words were randomly assigned to early-treatment/no-treatment groups. All treatment was added as a supplement to services that the children received in the community. Follow-up data were collected 6 and 12 months after the conclusion of the initial 6-month treatment/no-treatment conditions. Results: No effects of this treatment were detected 6 or 12 months after the conclusion of the initial treatment condition. Conclusions: M. E. Fey et al. (2006) reported that 6 months of RE/PMT led to a significant treatment effect in the use of intentional communication in 1 of 2 communication sampling contexts. This finding, combined with evidence from other studies, suggests that RE/PMT may be applied clinically at low intensity with the expectation of ...
Longitudinal predictors of family violence and parenting style : a study of high-risk individuals - Spectrum: Concordia...Longitudinal predictors of family violence and parenting style : a study of high-risk individuals - Spectrum: Concordia...
Numerous researchers have suggested that an aggressive behavioural style is more stable over time in boys than girls. This literature has recently been called into question by studies demonstrating that girls styles of expressing aggression may be different from boys, and that aggression may occur in different contexts for males and females across the life course. The present study explored longitudinal predictors of self-reported family violence and parenting styles in men and women with childhood histories that placed them at high-risk for various psycho-social problems. Three main questions are addressed: (a) Within a high-risk sample, to what extent can we use participants past histories of aggression and withdrawal to predict spousal and parental violence and parenting style? (b) Can we make the same predictions for both men and women? and (c) What are the developmental and current life variables that favor/hinder the development and practice of violence in the home and positive ...
Medical Books Pdf: Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (Agahls) PdfMedical Books Pdf: Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (Agahls) Pdf
In a long follow-up period of 23 years about 600 teenagers were observed till their young adult age in order to investigate the longitudinal relationship between health and lifestyles considering physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption. Download Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (Agahls): A 23-Year Follow-Up from Teenager to Adult About the Relationship Between Lifestyle and Health (Medicine and Sport Science) from rapidshare, mediafire, 4shared. Longitudinal studies with a follow-up lasting for a quarter of a century are very rare and the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) is indeed unique among them. The focus is multidisciplinary and involves both physical and psychological determinants in relation to a wide range of health outcomes. The multiple measurements were carefully standardized in nine waves of data collection, thus producing a high-quality data set, which has been analyzed by the application of advanced Search and find a lot of ...
The association between dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and depressive symptoms over time: the Invecchiare...The association between dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and depressive symptoms over time: the Invecchiare...
A diet typically consumed by the Tuscan population - high in vegetables, olive oil, fish, fruits, grains, potatoes, (tomato) sauces, eggs and moderate in wine, red meat and processed meat - was consistently associated with lower depressive symptoms over time in the InCHIANTI cohort. The association between the typical Tuscan dietary pattern and repeated measures of depressive symptoms attenuated after adjustment for confounding factors, but remained statistically significant.. Using RRR to identify dietary patterns and the prospective design of the study with its repeated assessment of depressive symptoms are major strengths of this study. In addition, our study is unique in using continuous scores for depressive symptoms instead of using a cut-off point. This is an advantage because continuous scores are more likely to reflect reality compared with using a cut-off point for depressive symptoms, as the latter could be considered arbitrary. It might be argued that interpreting continuous CES-D ...
A pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of developing hypertension among middle-aged womenA pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of developing hypertension among middle-aged women
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A pro-inflammatory diet is thought to lead to hypertension through oxidative stress and vessel wall inflammation. We therefore investigated the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and developing hypertension in a population-based cohort of middle-aged women. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health ... read more included 7169 Australian women, aged 52 years (SD 1 year) at baseline in 2001, who were followed up through 4 surveys until 2013. The DII, a literature-derived dietary index that has been validated against several inflammatory markers, was calculated based on data collected via a validated food-frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. Hypertension was defined as new onset of doctor-diagnosed hypertension, ascertained through self-report between 2001 and 2013. Generalised Estimating Equation analyses were used to investigate the association between the DII and incident hypertension. The analyses were ...
Resilience in patients and spouses faced with malignant melanoma. A longitudinal qualitative study - Zurich Open Repository...Resilience in patients and spouses faced with malignant melanoma. A longitudinal qualitative study - Zurich Open Repository...
Engeli, Lucia. Resilience in patients and spouses faced with malignant melanoma. A longitudinal qualitative study. 2014, University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine. ...
Article | From an illusion of certainty into a reality of uncertainty: A longitudinal qualitative study of how people affected...Article | From an illusion of certainty into a reality of uncertainty: A longitudinal qualitative study of how people affected...
Article: Taylor A, Wells M, Hubbard G & Worth A (2016) From an illusion of certainty into a reality of uncertainty: A longitudinal qualitative study of how people affected by laryngeal cancer use information over time. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 23, pp. 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2016.03.006
The relationship between SF-6D utility scores and lifestyle factors across three life-stages: Evidence from the Australian...The relationship between SF-6D utility scores and lifestyle factors across three life-stages: Evidence from the Australian...
Purpose: To investigate how SF-6D utility scores change with age between generations of women, and to quantify the relationship of SF-6D with lifestyle factors across life-stages. Methods: Up to seven waves of self-reported, longitudinal data were drawn for the 1973-78 (young, N=13772), 1946-51 (mid-age, N=12792), 1921-26 (older, N=9972) cohorts from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health. Mixed effects models were employed for analysis. Results: Young and mid-age women had similar average SF-6D scores at baseline (0.63-0.64), which remained consistent over 16 year period. However, older women had lower scores at baseline at 0.57 which steadily declined over 15 years. Across cohorts, low education attainment, greater difficulty in managing on income, obesity, physical inactivity, heavy smoking, non-drinking and increasing stress levels were associated with lower SF-6D scores. The magnitude of effect varied between cohorts. SF-6D scores were lower amongst young women with high risk ...
Australia Longitudinal Study on Womens HealthAustralia Longitudinal Study on Women's Health
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Longitudinal measurement invariance, stability and change of anger and cynicismLongitudinal measurement invariance, stability and change of anger and cynicism
Anger and hostility are key concepts in behavioral medicine, but little is known about their stability over life course. A sample of 3,074 individuals from six age groups (aged 15-30 at the baseline) were selected from a population-based study to examine longitudinal measurement invariance, stabilit …
Published PapersPublished Papers
van Uffelen J, Berecki J, Brown W & Dobson A. What is a healthy body mass index for women in their seventies? Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2010; 65(8): 847-853. Background: This study examines the relevance of the World Health Organization (WHO) optimal range for body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-25 kg/m2 to morbidity in older women.Methods: Data were from 11,553 women who completed five mailed surveys at 3-year intervals between 1996 (age 70-75 years) and 2008 (age 82-87 years). Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis; hospital admissions; and mortality were assessed. The association between BMI in 1996 and each outcome was examined using logistic regression models with repeated measures and a proportional hazards model for survival.Results: There were consistent associations between increasing BMI and increasing incidence and prevalence of DM, hypertension, and heart ...
Longitudinal Effects of Parenting Mediated by Deviant Peers on Violent and Non-Violent Antisocial Behaviour and Substance Use...Longitudinal Effects of Parenting Mediated by Deviant Peers on Violent and Non-Violent Antisocial Behaviour and Substance Use...
References. Ahmad, I., Smetana, J. G., & Klimstra, T. (2015). Maternal monitoring, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent adjustment among Palestinian refugee youth in Jordan. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25, 403-411. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12133 [ Links ] Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The psychology of criminal conduct (5th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Co. [ Links ] Assink, M., van der Put, C. E., Hoeve, M., de Vries, S. L. A., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Oort, F. J. (2015). Risk factors for persistent delinquent behavior among juveniles: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.002 [ Links ] Barrera, M., Prelow, H. M., Dumka, L. E., Gonzales, N. A., Knight, G. P., Michaels, M. L., ... Tein, J. (2002). Pathways from family economic conditions to adolescents distress: Supportive parenting, stressors outside the family, and deviant peers. Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 135-152. ...
ALSWH Substudies and AnalysesALSWH Substudies and Analyses
Little systematic research has been conducted in Australia to develop a picture of mid-aged womens experiences of violence and abuse across their lifetime. The present study was designed to address this deficiency by assessing the prevalence rates of different types of abuse, the situations in which they occur, how women coped, and the effect of abusive encounters on general health and well-being. Measures included descriptive variables, the SF-36 physical and mental health summary measures, the GHQ-12 instrument for psychological distress, and the CES-D depression scale. Using self-report questionnaires, data were obtained from 1159 mid-aged women previously recruited in the The Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health longitudinal project. The most frequently reported forms of abuse were emotional, physical and sexual. These overwhelmingly occurred in the home across all life stages, but mostly in adulthood and on an occasional or weekly basis. Almost all perpetrators were persons ...
RRH: Rural and Remote Health. Janni LeungRRH: Rural and Remote Health. Janni Leung
Australia. Janni Leung is affiliated with School of Population Health from Australias University of Queensland. Her research focuses on comparing differences in breast cancer health service use between the rural and urban population. Jannis background is in the field of health psychology, sociology, and epidemiology. She has previously worked as a womens health research assistant in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health study, and a geriatric research assistant in the Men, Women and Ageing study. ...
A longitudinal effect study of contract signing for preventing alcohol use among Swedish school childrenA longitudinal effect study of contract signing for preventing alcohol use among Swedish school children
Background: Around 40% of the primary schools in Sweden have programs to prevent tobacco and alcohol use. One popular program is carried out by the Non-Governmental Organization SMART. The aim is to prevent or postpone alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among children through positive reinforcement and signing of contracts. The contract in this longitudinal study also contains items on good conduct behavior. Are there differences in youth problem behaviors between those who signed the contract all years versus those who signed the contract shorter time? What factors characterize those who signed the contract all the years compared to the others? Methods: Students in five schools in a middle-sized municipality in Sweden answered class-room questionnaires in three waves: 7th (n=432), 8th (n=458), and 9th (n=422) grade. Response rates were 88%. Students are divided into three groups, based on response at T3 on many years of contract signing: long-attendees, short-attendees, sporadic- or ...
Reading Recovery (TM) implementation in Labrador : a two-year longitudinal study of the long-term effects of Reading Recovery ...Reading Recovery (TM) implementation in Labrador : a two-year longitudinal study of the long-term effects of Reading Recovery ...
The effectiveness of the Reading Recovery™ program for students who are identified at-risk of reading and writing failure was evaluated in a two-year longitudinal study involving 36 participants within the Labrador School Board. The study not only demonstrated the effectiveness of Reading Recovery™, W also the implications for effective programming to meet the needs of children such as those of a multi-cultural background and isolated environments. To evaluate the impact of Reading Recovery™, the study consisted of three groups: the Treatment group, consisting of participants who were successfully discontinued from Reading Recovery™ in grade 1 the previous year, the Reference Group consisting of participants considered to be average-achieving within the classroom, and a Comparison Group consisting of students considered to be at-risk of reading and writing failure who were unable to access Reading Recovery™. Participants were assessed over a two-year period from fall, 1998 to the ...
The course of depressive symptoms with decline in cognitive function - a longitudinal study of older adults receiving in-home...The course of depressive symptoms with decline in cognitive function - a longitudinal study of older adults receiving in-home...
Depressive symptoms in old age are common, but the prevalence, persistence, and incidence of depressive symptoms in older adults with and without dementia receiving in-home care is less well studied, and descriptions of the relationship between severity of cognitive decline and depressive symptoms over time is, to our knowledge, lacking. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence, incidence and persistence of depressive symptoms over a 36-month follow-up period among older adults receiving in-home care at baseline, and to explore the association between cognitive function and the course of depressive symptoms over time ...
Power and Sample Size for Multilevel and Longitudinal Study Designs | CourseraPower and Sample Size for Multilevel and Longitudinal Study Designs | Coursera
Offered by Университет Флориды. Power and Sample Size for Longitudinal and Multilevel Study Designs, a five-week, fully online course covers innovative, research-based power and sample size methods, and software for multilevel and longitudinal studies. The power and sample size methods and software taught in this course can be used for any health-related, or more generally, social science-related (e.g., educational research) application. All examples in the course videos are from real-world studies on behavioral and social science employing multilevel and longitudinal designs. The course philosophy is to focus on the conceptual knowledge to conduct power and sample size methods. The goal of the course is to teach and disseminate methods for accurate sample size choice, and ultimately, the creation of a power/sample size analysis for a relevant research study in your professional context. Power and sample size selection is one of the most important ethical questions researchers face
Positive Affect Is Associated With Less Memory Decline: Evidence From a 9-Year Longitudinal Study<...Positive Affect Is Associated With Less Memory Decline: Evidence From a 9-Year Longitudinal Study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Positive Affect Is Associated With Less Memory Decline. T2 - Evidence From a 9-Year Longitudinal Study. AU - Hittner, Emily F.. AU - Stephens, Jacquelyn E.. AU - Turiano, Nicholas A.. AU - Gerstorf, Denis. AU - Lachman, Margie E.. AU - Haase, Claudia M.. N1 - Funding Information: We thank all Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study participants and the research team.. PY - 2020/11. Y1 - 2020/11. N2 - Memory decline is a concern for aging populations across the globe. Positive affect plays an important role in healthy aging, but its link with memory decline has remained unclear. In the present study, we examined associations between positive affect (i.e., feeling enthusiastic, attentive, proud, active) and memory (i.e., immediate and delayed recall), drawing from a 9-year longitudinal study of a national sample of 991 middle-age and older U.S. adults. Results revealed that positive affect was associated with less memory decline across 9 years when analyses controlled for age, ...
Investigating Embryonic Gene Expression Changes in a Rat Model of Congenital Heart Defects and Longitudinal Effects on...Investigating Embryonic Gene Expression Changes in a Rat Model of Congenital Heart Defects and Longitudinal Effects on...
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth defect, occurring in approximately 1% of all births and continue to be a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Ventricular septal defects (VSD) account for the majority of CHDs and result from incomplete formation of the interventricular septum. To produce a population of offspring with VSD in a reproducible and dose-dependent manner we administered dimethadione (DMO) to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the sensitive window of embryonic heart development. DMO, a discontinued anticonvulsant drug, is a potent heart teratogen; when administered in six doses it produces 74% incidence of VSD with poor postnatal viability, whereas four doses produces 43% VSD with greater postnatal survival. We aimed to use these models to test the hypothesis that in utero exposure to DMO interferes with normal gene expression patterning in the developing heart, resulting in CHDs which spontaneously resolve postnatally, yet exhibit maladaptive ...
Post Traumatic Growth among Suicide Survivors: Longitudinal Effects of Interpersonal CharacteristicsPost Traumatic Growth among Suicide Survivors: Longitudinal Effects of Interpersonal Characteristics
The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention is the leading private funder of suicide prevention research in the United States.
Predictive comparison of joint longitudinal-survival modeling: a case study illustrating competing approaches. | College of...Predictive comparison of joint longitudinal-survival modeling: a case study illustrating competing approaches. | College of...
The joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data has received extraordinary attention in the statistics literature recently, with models and methods becoming increasingly more complex. Most of these approaches pair a proportional hazards survival with longitudinal trajectory modeling through parametric or nonparametric specifications. In this paper we closely examine one data set previously analyzed using a two parameter parametric model for Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) egg-laying trajectories paired with accelerated failure time and proportional hazards survival models. We consider parametric and nonparametric versions of these two models, as well as a proportional odds rate model paired with a wide variety of longitudinal trajectory assumptions reflecting the types of analyses seen in the literature. In addition to developing novel nonparametric Bayesian methods for joint models, we emphasize the importance of model selection from among joint and non joint models. The default in the ...
Iodine fortification may influence the age-related change in thyroid volume: a longitudinal population-based study (DanThyr) -...Iodine fortification may influence the age-related change in thyroid volume: a longitudinal population-based study (DanThyr) -...
Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Female; Food, Fortified; Goiter; Humans; Iodine; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Size; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Thyroid Gland; Young Adult; Clinical Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ...
Protocol for the Delirium and Cognitive Impact in Dementia (DECIDE) study: A nested prospective longitudinal cohort study | BMC...Protocol for the Delirium and Cognitive Impact in Dementia (DECIDE) study: A nested prospective longitudinal cohort study | BMC...
Participants will be assessed daily for the first five days by SR or a clinical research nurse, both trained in the assessment of delirium. From day 6, those with delirium will continue to be seen daily until delirium resolution. In the absence of delirium from day 6, or following resolution of delirium, participants will be screened regularly for delirium using a semi-structured interview including a modified version of the Delirium Observation and Screening Scale [25]. Should participants display any signs of delirium according to this, the full assessment described above will be performed to determine whether DSM-5 delirium is present.. These assessments will enable the recording of the duration and characteristics of delirium or the development of new delirium. It will be possible to follow the natural history of the delirium in terms of any fluctuations, potential resolution and therefore estimate duration. The subsequent development of delirium in previously non-delirious participants will ...
Predictors of high healthcare costs in elderly patients with liver cancer in end-of-life: a longitudinal population-based study...Predictors of high healthcare costs in elderly patients with liver cancer in end-of-life: a longitudinal population-based study...
The novel findings of this study are that elderly liver cancer patients with HCs in their LML include patients receiving aggressive EOL cancer care such as ICU care, ventilator support, anticancer treatment, and a high number of admission days. Additionally, comorbidities such as CKD, esophageal varices with bleeding and receiving opioid medicine are significant independent positive predictors of HCs. However, patients with more admission times in the LML, comorbidities of ascites and hypertension were significantly negative predictors of HCs.. The cost of cancer care has increased dramatically in the past 20 years, particularly at EOL [26], thus taxing a burdened health care system. Carlson et al. reported that Medicare patients with healthcare costs greater than the 95th percentile consumed 40% of total Medicare costs from 1998 to 2002 [42]. In the current study, 212 patients (10%) had HCs (, US $5093 per person), accounting for 38.95% of the total healthcare costs of this population. Our ...
How Should We Follow-Up Asymptomatic Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Patients? A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. -...How Should We Follow-Up Asymptomatic Metal-on-Metal Hip Resurfacing Patients? A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. -...
Current surveillance for metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MoMHR) patients is not evidence based. This study established changes that occurred in 152 asymptomatic MoMHRs using repeat ultrasound and patient-reported outcomes. Factors associated with (1) ultrasound progression and (2) developing new pseudotumors were analyzed. Patients underwent repeat assessments 4.3 years later. Ultrasound progression was observed in 19% (n = 29), with 10% (n = 15) developing new pseudotumors. Key predictors of ultrasound progression included high blood cobalt (P = .00013) and chromium (P = .00065), and high initial ultrasound grade (P = .003) and volume (P = .036). No asymptomatic MoMHRs with initially normal metal ions (|2 μg/L) and normal ultrasounds (33% of cohort) developed new pseudotumors. This patient subgroup does not require repeat follow-up within 5 years.
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) - University of Wisconsin Survey Center - UW-MadisonWisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) - University of Wisconsin Survey Center - UW-Madison
The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) is very pleased to announce that a new round of interviews with Graduates and their selected Sibling will begin in July 2019 and continue until approximately 2024. As in past years, the University of Wisconsin Survey Center (UWSC) will be contacting participants for interviews.
Impact of social integration on metabolic functions: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study of US older...Impact of social integration on metabolic functions: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study of US older...
Metabolic functions may operate as important biophysiological mechanisms through which social relationships affect health. It is unclear how social embeddedness or the lack thereof is related to risk of metabolic dysregulation. To fill this gap we tested the effects of social integration on metabolic functions over time in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States and examined population heterogeneity in the effects. Using longitudinal data from 4,323 adults aged over 50 years in the Health and Retirement Study and latent growth curve models, we estimated the trajectories of social integration spanning five waves, 1998-2006, in relation to biomarkers of energy metabolism in 2006. We assessed social integration using a summary index of the number of social ties across five domains. We examined six biomarkers, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the
Impact of social integration on metabolic functions: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study of US older...Impact of social integration on metabolic functions: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal study of US older...
Metabolic functions may operate as important biophysiological mechanisms through which social relationships affect health. It is unclear how social embeddedness or the lack thereof is related to risk of metabolic dysregulation. To fill this gap we tested the effects of social integration on metabolic functions over time in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States and examined population heterogeneity in the effects. Using longitudinal data from 4,323 adults aged over 50 years in the Health and Retirement Study and latent growth curve models, we estimated the trajectories of social integration spanning five waves, 1998-2006, in relation to biomarkers of energy metabolism in 2006. We assessed social integration using a summary index of the number of social ties across five domains. We examined six biomarkers, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the
Protecting adolescents from harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health - Add HealthProtecting adolescents from harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health - Add Health
Resnick, M. D.; Bearman, P. S.; Blum, R. W.; Bauman, K. E.; Harris, K. M.; Jones, J.; Tabor, J.; Beuhring, T.; Sieving, R. E.; Shew, M.; Ireland, M.; Bearinger, L. H.; & Udry, J. R. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. JAMA, 278(10), 823-832.
Longitudinal Studies - EUCAMLongitudinal Studies - EUCAM
In contrast to cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies are designed to observe a sample over an extended period or to study changes over time. In general, longitudinal studies are often the best way to study changes over time [2]. To examine the effect of alcohol advertising and marketing on alcohol consumption in young people longitudinal studies are especially valuable because they capture what happens to individuals over time and can demonstrate whether individuals who differ in their exposure to advertising differ in their future drinking behaviour [1]. Longitudinal studies provide the highest level of evidence that is available for evaluation of advertising and marketing exposure and subsequent drinking behaviour. If such studies are well designed, conducted and analysed they can provide supportive evidence for a causal relationship between a particular exposure and an outcome [3]. Well conducted and designed longitudinal studies have a representative sample with a minimum of ...
Prevalence of frailty and disability: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing | FrailtyPrevalence of frailty and disability: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing | Frailty
Gale CR, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Age Ageing 2015;44:162-165. Publication date: January 1, 2015. Summary. In this study, the authors examined the prevalence of frailty and disability among 5,450 individuals aged 60 and over from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, as well as the proportion of those with disabilities who were receiving help or were using assistive devices.. Frailty was defined according to the Fried criteria. Participants were asked about difficulties with mobility or other everyday activities. Those with difficulties were asked whether they received help or used assistive devices.. The overall weighted prevalence of frailty was 14%. Prevalence rose with increasing age, from 6.5% in those aged 60-69 years to 65% in those aged 90 or over. Frailty occurred more frequently in women than in men (16 versus 12%). Mobility difficulties were very common: 93% of frail individuals had such difficulties versus 58% of the non-frail individuals.. Among frail individuals, difficulties in ...
Pulse Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Are Related to Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging |...Pulse Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Are Related to Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging |...
This study examined relations of PP and PWV, markers of arterial stiffness, with longitudinal assessment of cognitive function in stroke- and dementia-free persons using a fairly extensive range of neuropsychological tests. Results revealed that, as individuals grew older, those with accelerated increases in PP or higher PWV at baseline showed a performance decline on tests of verbal and nonverbal learning and memory and a cognitive screening measure weighted for memory and concentration. Those with increasing levels of PP also displayed a longitudinal decline on a test of concentration that taps working memory, and those with higher baseline PWV showed decline in delayed verbal recall. In addition, an interaction of PP and sex on delayed verbal memory revealed that, across all of the testing sessions, men scored lower than women, but this effect was a bit more pronounced at higher levels of PP. Tests of simple attention, perceptuo-motor speed, executive functions, and language were not impacted ...
Codebook | National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Public Use Education Data Weights, Wave III | Data...Codebook | National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, Public Use Education Data Weights, Wave III | Data...
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7-12 in the United States. The Add Health cohort has been followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent in 2008, when the sample was aged 24-32*. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents social, economic, psychological and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships, providing unique opportunities to study how social environments and behaviors in adolescence are linked to health and achievement outcomes in young adulthood. The fourth wave of interviews expanded the collection of biological data in Add Health to understand the social, behavioral, and biological linkages in health trajectories as the Add Health cohort ages through adulthood. The fifth wave of data collection is planned to begin
Determining Lifestyle Correlates of Body Mass Index using Multilevel Analyses: The Tromsø Study, 1979-2001 : American Journal...Determining Lifestyle Correlates of Body Mass Index using Multilevel Analyses: The Tromsø Study, 1979-2001 : American Journal...
Increases in overweight and obesity have been observed globally in both developed and developing countries. The authors assessed the relation between lifestyle factors and body mass index (BMI) (weight (kg)/height (m)2) in a population-based longitudinal study, using BMI and its subsequent change as responses in a multilevel model. The authors included 11,115 men and women aged 20-61 years at baseline who were living in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway, and who participated in three or four consecutive health surveys between 1979-1980 and 2001. Baseline age, physical activity at work, coffee consumption, and desired BMI (i.e., the BMI that the subjects reported they would like to have) were positively associated with baseline BMI, whereas height, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and level of education were inversely associated. Most relations were found to be stronger in women than in men. Clinically relevant effect sizes were observed for most of the significant ...
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The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing | SpringerLinkThe Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing | SpringerLink
Randomised trial of a parent-mediated intervention for infants at high risk for autism: longitudinal outcomes to age 3 years. ...Randomised trial of a parent-mediated intervention for infants at high risk for autism: longitudinal outcomes to age 3 years. ...
Failure to control hypercholesterolaemia in the Irish adult population: cross-sectional analysis of the baseline wave of The...Failure to control hypercholesterolaemia in the Irish adult population: cross-sectional analysis of the baseline wave of The...
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National Longitudinal Study of 1972 (NLS -72) - OverviewNational Longitudinal Study of 1972 (NLS -72) - Overview
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Longitudinal StudiesNational Longitudinal Study of Adolescent HealthProspective StudiesAgingRisk FactorsCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesQuestionnairesBaltimoreAge FactorsCross-Sectional StudiesSex FactorsTime FactorsChild DevelopmentLinear ModelsSocioeconomic FactorsBody Mass IndexHealth StatusPrevalenceCognition DisordersDepressionPregnancyAdolescent BehaviorRegression AnalysisDisease ProgressionParent-Child RelationsNeuropsychological TestsUnited StatesCognitionInfant, NewbornLogistic ModelsSmokingIncidenceMothersStress, PsychologicalEducational StatusParentingInterpersonal RelationsSocial EnvironmentSeverity of Illness IndexMagnetic Resonance ImagingPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPatient DropoutsParentsChild BehaviorAlcohol DrinkingReproducibility of ResultsChild of Impaired ParentsPubertyEnglandAdolescent PsychologyMultivariate AnalysisJuvenile DelinquencySocial ClassPeer GroupAdaptation, PsychologicalBody HeightAdolescent DevelopmentAnalysis of VarianceTemperamentPredictive Value of TestsActivities of Daily LivingMother-Child RelationsAnthropometrySocial SupportObesityHealth SurveysBiological MarkersInternal-External ControlDepressive DisorderGreat BritainDementiaModels, StatisticalBody WeightSocial AdjustmentPersonality DevelopmentEmploymentQuality of LifeReference ValuesAustraliaIntelligenceGrowthAchievementSubstance-Related DisordersFathersWisconsinLife Change EventsSwedenGeriatric AssessmentEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupPersonalityOdds RatioSelf ConceptResidence CharacteristicsModels, PsychologicalMental HealthComorbidityEpidemiologic MethodsChild Behavior DisordersPsychometricsBirth WeightFather-Child RelationsCrime VictimsNetherlandsIntelligence TestsMental DisordersPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsMortalityStatistics as TopicFamilyInterviews as TopicViolenceFamily ConflictMotion Pictures as TopicUrban PopulationChild AbuseSeasonsBreast FeedingAfrican AmericansSex DistributionSocializationHealth BehaviorProportional Hazards ModelsCase-Control StudiesSex CharacteristicsPovertyPersonality InventoryPersonality AssessmentRisk AssessmentAggressionSelf ReportWeight GainPsychotic DisordersHealth Status IndicatorsBrainMotor ActivityAbsorptiometry, PhotonFamily CharacteristicsAdiposityStudentsQuebecFriendsSocial BehaviorChronic DiseaseBody CompositionAge of OnsetExerciseDenmarkRiskData Interpretation, StatisticalBone DensityAnxietyBangladeshEpidemiologic Research DesignOsteoarthritis, KneeChicagoLanguage DevelopmentResearch DesignBlood PressureRural PopulationAlzheimer DiseaseMarriageGestational AgeRisk-TakingConduct DisorderLife StyleTreatment OutcomeHuman DevelopmentAffective SymptomsDisability EvaluationBias (Epidemiology)Anxiety DisordersChi-Square DistributionPhysical FitnessRetrospective StudiesPsychological TestsData CollectionSensitivity and SpecificityDietSexual BehaviorGenotypeInfant BehaviorObject AttachmentCausalityDevelopmental DisabilitiesSchoolsFinlandCardiovascular DiseasesHIV InfectionsNew ZealandSleep DisordersConfidence IntervalsMarylandTwinsOverweightSocial IdentificationAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersNutritional StatusAntisocial Personality DisorderSuicidal IdeationSocial Control, Informal
Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing2018National longitudinal studyEducation Longitudinal StudyAustralian Longitudinal StudyBaltimore Longitudinal Study of AgingWisconsin Longitudinal Study2002SearchAgeingResearchersResearch20191992Cross-sectional surveysBirth CohortMainContentRetrospective studyCMAJPopulation StudyIntervals through timeSystematic ReviewAdolescentsDepressionRepresentativeComorbidCohortsExploresConductTimeInterventionYearsResearcherMorbidityDesignOutcomeMethodsExaminesCharacteristicsMortalityPregnancyAdultsPatientsInsightsReport
Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing6
20182
  • Briggs R, Carey D, Kennelly SP, Kenny RA (2018) Longitudinal association between orthostatic hypotension at 30 seconds post-standing and late-life depression. (springer.com)
  • In 2017/2018 through interviewing and shadowing HR Business Partners and line-managers, as well as HR managers within the global HR function on HR's work, practice and tools, as well as studies of relevant documents such as leadership documents etc. (gu.se)
National longitudinal study1
Education Longitudinal Study2
Australian Longitudinal Study4
Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging1
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study1
20022
Search1
  • The search was completed in April 1997 and identified six studies of asthma incidence, seven of prognosis, 22 case-control studies, and 10 case series addressing disease severity. (bmj.com)
Ageing10
Researchers19
Research32
  • If you have questions about your rights as a participant in this study, please call the Research Ethics Review Board at the National Center for Health Statistics, toll free, at 1-800-223-8118. (cdc.gov)
  • Research method used to study changes over time. (encyclopedia.com)
  • In longitudinal research, results are recorded for the same group of subjects, referred to as a cohort, throughout the course of the study. (encyclopedia.com)
  • To provide an analytical research database for the purpose of studying the effect of demographic and socio-economic differentials on U.S. mortality rates. (census.gov)
  • We have examined the validity of SMPY's identification and educational facilitation procedures by means of longitudinal research. (hoagiesgifted.org)
  • Study design depends greatly on the nature of the research question. (iwh.on.ca)
  • Each newsletter required 31 h of study personnel time (mostly research student) to produce. (springer.com)
  • We would also like to thank the Canadian Cancer Society, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and Prostate Cancer Canada for providing funding for this study, as well as the larger studies. (springer.com)
  • The larger studies, the newsletters, and the survey were all approved by the institutional research ethics board prior to study commencement. (springer.com)
  • Longitudinal research involves the follow up of individuals, households, communities or other groups over time. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • The Editors seek to ensure that all research reporting is accessible to the journal's multi-disciplinary readership and encourage comparisons and collaborations between countries and studies. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • At the request of program sponsors, the Krell Institute contracted with Westat, an employee-owned research corporation based in Rockville, Maryland, to conduct a study of the more than 400 DOE CSGF fellows and alumni. (krellinst.org)
  • There is growing recognition of the powerful role that longitudinal research can play in building evidence for policy and programme development, and there is considerable interest in establishing new longitudinal studies in developing countries. (unicef-irc.org)
  • Symposium attendees addressed a set of thematic, methodological and governance related issues on longitudinal research. (unicef-irc.org)
  • The Symposium seeks to provide an opportunity to reflect on challenges and opportunities of longitudinal research in low income settings, identifying lessons and best practices for future studies. (unicef-irc.org)
  • This study will be conducted as part of the NIH-supported Childhood Liver Disease Research and Education Network (ChiLDREN). (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • A longitudinal study is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time - often many decades. (primidi.com)
  • Nationwide Children's Hospital is one of only five institutions nationally to join a multi-institution clinical research study to understand the benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adolescents. (nationwidechildrens.org)
  • The Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) research study is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). (nationwidechildrens.org)
  • Adolescents participating in this clinical research study will visit the Clinical Research Services research facility at Nationwide Children's four times over a span of two years to complete questionnaires, provide blood and urine samples and to have body measurements recorded. (nationwidechildrens.org)
  • The study is being undertaken by a global research team led by University of Technology Sydney. (edu.au)
  • The achievements of this study can in large part be credited to his conscientious management and commitment to the integrity of the research objectives. (hhs.gov)
  • This document is the work of both parts of the Pennhurst Longitudinal Study team, Temple University and Human Services Research Institute, and was developed at the request of the Office of Human Development Services in the Region III Office of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (hhs.gov)
  • Under the assumption that UWC develops particular characteristics in its community members (represented by students and alumni) that will lead them to have a positive impact on society, the central research question of the exploratory study was: "What characteristics related to ethical standards does UWC develop in its students and how does this manifest in their daily lives, as current students or later as alumni? (uwc.org)
  • To address some of the potential issues of using a longitudinal design in a conflict-affected setting, the research team from John Hopkins and their NGO partners (Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli - CISP) had to carefully consider the study design. (endvawnow.org)
  • Funded by the National Institute on Aging, the grant will support ongoing research, including large-scale behavioral genetics studies, of cognition, aging and the risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (news-medical.net)
  • We, the directors of NIDA, NIAAA, NCI's Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, and NICHD, are now calling on the research community to help us design a large longitudinal study that would accomplish this objective. (drugabuse.gov)
  • this will be followed this summer by a formal request for information (RFI) to get input from the research community on proposed study design and measures. (drugabuse.gov)
  • Purpose: Accelerate research on lung complications associated with HIV-infection by characterizing lung infections, other HIV-associated lung complications, and their consequences in longitudinal studies in existing HIV-infected cohorts and other established groups of HIV-infected patients. (nih.gov)
  • The information collected by these calls is only being used for this research study. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Clinical Research Services, a one-stop, comprehensive resource for investigators conducting clinical and translational research, will be providing the research support and clinical resources for this study. (nationwidechildrens.org)
  • The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey is a government-funded, longitudinal social research project, for which Roy Morgan Research conducts the survey. (roymorgan.com)
20192
19922
  • At the time of the 1992 WLS study, very few households had Internet access, and an Internet module would have been impractical at that time. (wisc.edu)
  • DESIGN: This prospective study, based on a random sample of the total female population of 430,000 in Gothenburg, Sweden, was started in 1968, with follow-ups in 1974, 1980, and 1992. (gu.se)
Cross-sectional surveys4
  • In addition to the cross-sectional surveys, there are several longitudinal studies that track the same person, family, or household over time. (hhs.gov)
  • Table 6-3 presents a summary of the eight longitudinal surveys that were identified and reviewed for this effort according to the same features used to review the cross-sectional surveys. (hhs.gov)
  • 9 As with the cross-sectional surveys, the longitudinal surveys were initially examined according to four key selection criteria to identify surveys that offer the best opportunity to be enhanced to inform efforts to develop a typology of homeless families. (hhs.gov)
  • BACKGROUND The relation of parental smoking to wheezing and asthma occurring after the first year of life was assessed by a systematic quantitative review of case-control and longitudinal studies, complementing earlier reviews of cross sectional surveys and wheezing in early childhood. (bmj.com)
Birth Cohort1
  • A total of 6796 children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were interviewed at elementary school age (8 and 10 years) about bullying experiences with a previously validated bullying interview and at secondary school age (12.9 years) about parasomnias such as nightmares, night terrors and sleepwalking by trained postgraduate psychologists. (aappublications.org)
Main2
Content1
  • Based on the expected size of the Annual Social and Economic Supplements to be conducted, the expected number of deaths to be added to the NLMS through the updating process will increase the mortality content of the study to over 550,000 cases out of a total number of approximately 3.8 million records. (census.gov)
Retrospective study2
CMAJ1
  • Hammond and colleagues recent Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) longitudinal cohort study is a valuable contribution to electronic cigarette related public health problems for adolescents (1). (cmaj.ca)
Population Study1
Intervals through time2
Systematic Review1
  • This systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 longitudinal studies found consistent and strong evidence that electronic cigarette use is associated with increased odds of subsequent cigarette smoking initiation and current cigarette smoking among adolescents. (cmaj.ca)
Adolescents2
Depression1
  • The magnitude, chronicity, impairment, longitudinal stability and distinction from anxiety and depression associated with this condition in the general population, suggest that neurasthenia is an important diagnostic entity for which additional validation studies should be undertaken. (prohealth.com)
Representative1
Comorbid2
  • The objective of this study was to develop a prospectively applicable method for classifying comorbid conditions which might alter the risk of mortality for use in longitudinal studies. (nih.gov)
  • The method of classifying comorbidity provides a simple, readily applicable and valid method of estimating risk of death from comorbid disease for use in longitudinal studies. (nih.gov)
Cohorts1
  • Unfortunately, similar studies and claims still occur in metabolomics despite contrary experience from larger cohorts ( 3 ). (pnas.org)
Explores2
  • This study explores the exegetical meanings, or meanings derived from local interpretation, that a megaproject can encapsulate and how those meanings shape the megaproject's process. (pmi.org)
  • The article explores the longitudinal relationship between subjective and objective deprivation in early adolescence on the one hand, and criminal offending in adolescence and early adulthood on the other. (diva-portal.org)
Conduct1
  • The good news is, with the combined resources and ingenuity of multiple NIH institutes and other partners, we now have the capability to conduct such a study-one that would help us more confidently establish the effects of occasional or regular use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs on the brains and lives of young Americans. (drugabuse.gov)
Time21
  • This study will cover topics such as heart disease, diabetes, and other health conditions, and will help us understand how our health changes over time. (cdc.gov)
  • If you received our letter and are interested in helping us with this study, we would like to arrange an appointment with you at a time that is most convenient for you. (cdc.gov)
  • The longitudinal study allows the researcher to focus on these children as they mature and record developmental patterns across time. (encyclopedia.com)
  • In this method, the subjects, or cohort, are drawn from different groups and are studied at the same point in time. (encyclopedia.com)
  • longitudinal study (long-i- tew -di-năl) n. a systematic study of a group of people over a period of time. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Longitudinal studies deal with change over time among individuals or groups. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
  • Longitudinal studies offer many of the same potential advantages as cross-sectional studies, and they have the added potential benefit of tracking people over time and thus may provide an opportunity to examine entries into, and exits out of, homelessness (depending on their tracking methods). (hhs.gov)
  • The defining feature of a cross-sectional study is that it can compare different population groups at a single point in time. (iwh.on.ca)
  • The key here is that longitudinal studies extend beyond a single moment in time. (iwh.on.ca)
  • The longitudinal study design would account for cholesterol levels at the onset of a walking regime and as the walking behaviour continued over time. (iwh.on.ca)
  • However, because of the repeated observation at the individual level, they have more power than cross-sectional observational studies, by virtue of being able to exclude time-invariant unobserved individual differences and also of observing the temporal order of events. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the disadvantages of longitudinal study are that they take a lot of time and are very expensive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-sectional study Time series Repeated measures design Shadish, William R. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the disadvantages of longitudinal study include the fact that it takes a lot of time and is very expensive. (primidi.com)
  • To be considered for the Teen-LABS study, an adolescent must be 19 years of age or younger at the time of study enrollment, have a Body Mass Index of 95% or greater, and have been approved to have bariatric surgery at Nationwide Children's Hospital. (nationwidechildrens.org)
  • Longitudinal and cohort studies follow the same group of individuals over time. (endvawnow.org)
  • Given the inherent time frame required of this approach, it can be very challenging to employ such a study in conflict and post-conflict settings where conditions can change rapidly. (endvawnow.org)
  • Case-control studies are relatively simple and economical to carry out, but the one weakness is that only one outcome may be studied at a time. (endvawnow.org)
  • As a group, scans of SDAT subjects showed greater atrophy than those of control subjects in all volumetric indexes at each time of testing and demonstrated greater progression of atrophy during the study period. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The longitudinal design involved repeated measures nested within classes and schools and repeated measures on schools that were changing over time. (readingrecovery.org)
  • Footprints In Time was an innovative study aiming to improve the understanding of, and policy response to, the diverse circumstances faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, their families and communities. (roymorgan.com)
Intervention3
  • A two-site, two-arm assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a 12-session parent-mediated social communication intervention delivered between 9 and 14 months of age (Intervention in the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings-Video Interaction for Promoting Positive Parenting), against no intervention. (nih.gov)
  • Two study newsletters issues were mailed out 4 months apart to prostate cancer patients participating in a bone health and/or exercise intervention trial. (springer.com)
  • A longitudinal design was used to study the effectiveness of an intervention, the Communities Care program (CCP), in changing harmful social norms associated with GBV in a community in Mogadishu, Somalia. (endvawnow.org)
Years13
  • This study reports a mean total cholesterol (TC) of 5.1 mmol/L (95% CI 5.0-5.1 mmol/L) and a mean LDL-C of 2.9 mmol/L (95% CI 2.8-2.9 mmol/L) in those aged 50-79 years. (springer.com)
  • The aim of this study is to document the distribution of serum cholesterol in a community living population of older adults aged 50-79 years in Ireland and apply clinical guideline targets [ 9 ] to examine the awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolaemia in a subgroup aged 50-64 years according to their absolute risk of CVD. (springer.com)
  • Statistics Sweden (SCB) has a system of longitudinal sample surveys for reviewing the school situation during years 3-9 in compulsory education. (scb.se)
  • During the 30 years of the study, around 1 million people have been recorded in the sample at some point. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
  • Preschoolers are eating more grains, fruits, and vegetables, but youngsters are still consuming too much sugar and juice, according to a recently released study covering the years 1977 to 1998. (edweek.org)
  • The Early School Leavers longitudinal study followed a sample of young people who left Queensland schools in Years 10, 11 or before completing Year 12 during 2010 and participated in the 2011 Early School Leavers survey. (qld.gov.au)
  • Reports exploring the pathways taken by this group of young people in the years since leaving school are available for each survey year (or wave) of the longitudinal study. (qld.gov.au)
  • Thanks to the responsiveness of current and past fellowship recipients, the study provides a comprehensive look at the satisfaction and impact of those the program supported over its first 25 years. (krellinst.org)
  • In 1974, a longitudinal study was planned to monitor over a period of four years the growth, health, and lifestyle of boys and girls entering secondary school. (emgo.nl)
  • The general purpose of the ALSA study is to gain further understanding of how social, biomedical and environmental factors are associated with age related changes in health and well-being of persons aged 70 years and over. (edu.au)
  • provides a descriptive overview of the first 15 years of the study and its policy implications. (edu.au)
  • Studies of wheezing illness in the first two years of life 1 and cross sectional studies of asthma and wheeze 3 have been reviewed earlier in this series. (bmj.com)
  • Part 1 of this study is a retrospective cohort study of 92 men and 59 women (mean age, 51 years) who had metabolic syndrome and 154 randomly selected adults matched for age and sex who did not have the syndrome. (nih.gov)
Researcher1
Morbidity1
  • This study shows that adult onset wheeze represents an important source of morbidity that may be currently underrecognised and undertreated. (bmj.com)
Design2
  • i ) metabolic heterogeneity of individuals, ( ii ) cross-sectional vs. longitudinal study design, ( iii ) multiple statistical tests, and ( iv ) independent biological replication. (pnas.org)
  • We also intend to present a revised design for the study, based on input from the RFI, at a satellite symposium at the annual Society for Neuroscience meeting in November, in Washington DC. (drugabuse.gov)
Outcome4
  • The planned outcome of the pilot study should be a funding application to create a new LPS. (wellcome.ac.uk)
  • To explore whether, in early fetal growth restriction (FGR), the longitudinal pattern of fetal heart rate (FHR) short-term variation (STV) can be used to identify imminent fetal distress and whether abnormalities of FHR recordings are associated with 2-year infant outcome. (nih.gov)
  • The study will focus on the natural history, disease progression, treatment, and outcome of individuals with UCD. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The researcher's intent was not specifically to study Reading Recovery, but information on Reading Recovery's effectiveness emerged as an outcome. (readingrecovery.org)
Methods1
  • METHODS: We studied 3961 randomly selected public school students and 1 parent per student in 3 US metropolitan areas in fifth and again in tenth grades. (rand.org)
Examines2
Characteristics3
Mortality2
Pregnancy3
  • The European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (‎ELSPAC)‎ was initiated by the Regional Office in 1985 to improve epidemiological knowledge of factors influencing children's health in European countries. (who.int)
  • Biological samples including blood, urine, hair, nails, saliva and placenta have been collected from study children and their parents since early pregnancy. (bris.ac.uk)
  • This study has enrolled a total of 1700 pregnant women and their children in Slovenia, Croatia, Italy and Greece to assess the impact of mercury exposure through fish consumption during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment. (lww.com)
Adults3
  • This study aims to describe the distribution of serum cholesterol in a community living population of older adults in Ireland and to examine the awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolaemia according to CVD risk status. (springer.com)
  • We studied the onset of wheezing in adults who had had no respiratory symptoms as children. (bmj.com)
  • This age-specific pattern of onset is similar to that found in other population studies of wheeze in adults. (bmj.com)
Patients4
  • Further work in larger populations is still required to refine the approach because the number of patients with any given condition in this study was relatively small. (nih.gov)
  • In this paper we have included longitudinal and case-control studies of asthma or wheeze occurring after infancy and case series of asthmatic patients among whom parental smoking was related to disease severity. (bmj.com)
  • This study seeks to determine the biologic causes of inflammation in patients with Transverse Myelitis (TM) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and related conditions. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • A total of up to 224 patients will take part in this multicenter study. (bioportfolio.com)
Insights1
  • This study draws insights from a novel, rich and powerful dataset containing hundreds of thousands contractual transactions made by members of HackForums - the most popular online cybercrime community. (lightbluetouchpaper.org)
Report5
  • The report 'Homecare Re-ablement Prospective Longitudinal Study Final Report' (Dec 2010) commissioned by the Department of Health's Care Services Efficiency Delivery programme (CSED) has provided further insight and understanding about the nature and beneficial impacts of homecare re-ablement. (scie.org.uk)
  • This report is dedicated to the memory of Dr. William Datel -- a scholar and humanitarian who made significant contributions to the Longitudinal Study and to services for mentally disabled persons. (hhs.gov)
  • The recommended citation for this publication is: Bradley, V.J., & Conroy, J.W. Third year comprehensive report of the Pennhurst Longitudina Study . (hhs.gov)
  • Such a report is necessary because the documents generated by the Pennhurst Study now extend into the thousands of pages. (hhs.gov)
  • You are encouraged to report your symptoms to your treating physicians during the study, especially if you have any symptom that you rate greater than 7 on the 0 to 10 scale. (bioportfolio.com)
Review of Longitudinal Studies | ASPE
Review of Longitudinal Studies | ASPE (aspe.hhs.gov)
Two studies of the cross section and longitudinal section of a Colour Globe, 1809 | PBS LearningMedia
Two studies of the cross section and longitudinal section of a Colour Globe, 1809 | PBS LearningMedia (pbslearningmedia.org)
Academic surveys | SurveyMonkey
Academic surveys | SurveyMonkey (surveymonkey.com)
Navigate to: BUTMAC Research Activities
Navigate to: BUTMAC Research Activities (bu.edu)
Plus it
Plus it (care.diabetesjournals.org)
IJMS | Free Full-Text | DNA Methylation as a Biomarker of Treatment Response Variability in Serious Mental Illnesses: A...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | DNA Methylation as a Biomarker of Treatment Response Variability in Serious Mental Illnesses: A... (mdpi.com)
What if... we wanted our kids to be happier? | Institute of Education - UCL - London's Global University
What if... we wanted our kids to be happier? | Institute of Education - UCL - London's Global University (ucl.ac.uk)
Population | ASPE
Population | ASPE (aspe.hhs.gov)
NASAD Page 4 | Spelman College
NASAD Page 4 | Spelman College (spelman.edu)
NIA-Specific Funding Policies | National Institute on Aging
NIA-Specific Funding Policies | National Institute on Aging (nia.nih.gov)
Substance-Related Disorders | ASPE
Substance-Related Disorders | ASPE (aspe.hhs.gov)
Education Surveys - Achieve Greater Student Success | Snap Surveys
Education Surveys - Achieve Greater Student Success | Snap Surveys (snapsurveys.com)
I Current State of the Blood Supply | Blood Donors and the Supply of Blood and Blood Products | The National Academies Press
I Current State of the Blood Supply | Blood Donors and the Supply of Blood and Blood Products | The National Academies Press (nap.edu)
The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes | PNAS
The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes | PNAS (pnas.org)
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Income, Self-Rated Health, and Morbidity. A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Income, Self-Rated Health, and Morbidity. A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies (mdpi.com)
The Relationship Between Sleep Disturbance, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and Suicide Among Adults: A Systematic Review
The Relationship Between Sleep Disturbance, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and Suicide Among Adults: A Systematic Review (healio.com)
What's the Research Behind Head Start's New Rules? | American Institutes for Research
What's the Research Behind Head Start's New Rules? | American Institutes for Research (air.org)
Metabolomics of aging requires large-scale longitudinal studies with replication | PNAS
Metabolomics of aging requires large-scale longitudinal studies with replication | PNAS (pnas.org)