AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
LocomotionBiomechanical PhenomenaGaitDecerebrate StateMotor ActivitySwimmingHindlimbForelimbElectromyographyCatsWalkingBehavior, AnimalSpinal CordExtremitiesLampreysRunningVideo RecordingTarsus, AnimalMotor NeuronsMuscle, SkeletalPeriodicityCell MovementLizardsGalliformesInterneuronsMovementSpinal Cord InjuriesAccelerationElectric StimulationMotion Pictures as TopicGait Disorders, NeurologicCaenorhabditis elegansLameness, AnimalWeight-BearingPostureLarvaModels, BiologicalDecelerationAmphetamineStereotyped BehaviorChemotaxis, LeukocyteContact InhibitionEnergy MetabolismRoboticsFlight, AnimalMotor Neurons, GammaQuipazineFootReflexInstinctIguanasSerotoninReticular FormationStruthioniformesExploratory BehaviorAnalysis of VarianceBody SizeCentral Pattern GeneratorsTime FactorsNerve NetHyperkinesisEfferent PathwaysDopamineJointsLumbosacral RegionEscape ReactionStrepsirhiniPsychomotor PerformanceAnterior Horn CellsFrictionAdaptation, PhysiologicalCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsCocaineAfferent PathwaysAction PotentialsNeuronsPeroneal NerveProprioceptionTendonsRats, Sprague-DawleyFunctional LateralityMesencephalonTurtlesColubridaeMusclesToesFeedback, SensoryOrthopedic EquipmentVideotape RecordingAlligators and CrocodilesBrain StemGravitationMuscle ContractionCockroachesPostural BalanceNeurons, EfferentMicroscopy, VideoDopamine Uptake InhibitorsNeurons, AfferentNucleus Accumbens
Locomotion
Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.
Biomechanical Phenomena
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Gait
Manner or style of walking.
Decerebrate State
A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Swimming
An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of PHYSICAL EXERTION or endurance.
Hindlimb
Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)
Forelimb
A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)
Electromyography
Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Walking
An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Spinal Cord
A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.
Extremities
The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.
Lampreys
Common name for the only family (Petromyzontidae) of eellike fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. They are jawless but have a sucking mouth with horny teeth.
Running
An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace.
Video Recording
The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).
Tarsus, Animal
The region in the hindlimb of a quadruped, corresponding to the human ANKLE.
Motor Neurons
Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Muscle, Skeletal
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
Periodicity
The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).
Cell Movement
The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.
Lizards
Galliformes
An order of heavy-bodied, largely terrestrial BIRDS including pheasants, TURKEYS, grouse, QUAIL, and CHICKENS.
Interneurons
Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.
Movement
The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).
Acceleration
An increase in the rate of speed.
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Motion Pictures as Topic
The art, technique, or business of producing motion pictures for entertainment, propaganda, or instruction.
Gait Disorders, Neurologic
Gait abnormalities that are a manifestation of nervous system dysfunction. These conditions may be caused by a wide variety of disorders which affect motor control, sensory feedback, and muscle strength including: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or MUSCULAR DISEASES.
Caenorhabditis elegans
A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.
Lameness, Animal
A departure from the normal gait in animals.
Weight-Bearing
The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.
Posture
The position or attitude of the body.
Larva
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Deceleration
A decrease in the rate of speed.
Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Stereotyped Behavior
Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.
Contact Inhibition
Arrest of cell locomotion or cell division when two cells come into contact.
Energy Metabolism
The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.
Robotics
The application of electronic, computerized control systems to mechanical devices designed to perform human functions. Formerly restricted to industry, but nowadays applied to artificial organs controlled by bionic (bioelectronic) devices, like automated insulin pumps and other prostheses.
Flight, Animal
The use of wings or wing-like appendages to remain aloft and move through the air.
Motor Neurons, Gamma
Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the MUSCLE SPINDLES to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length.
Quipazine
A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.
Foot
The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
Reflex
An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.
Instinct
Stereotyped patterns of response, characteristic of a given species, that have been phylogenetically adapted to a specific type of situation.
Iguanas
Large herbivorous tropical American lizards.
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Reticular Formation
A region extending from the PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA through the MESENCEPHALON, characterized by a diversity of neurons of various sizes and shapes, arranged in different aggregations and enmeshed in a complicated fiber network.
Struthioniformes
An order of flightless birds comprising the ostriches, which naturally inhabit open, low rainfall areas of Africa.
Exploratory Behavior
The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Body Size
The physical measurements of a body.
Central Pattern Generators
Networks of nerve cells that control the firing patterns of MOTOR NEURONS to produce rhythmic movements such as MASTICATION; WALKING; SWIMMING; RESPIRATION; and PERISTALSIS.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Nerve Net
A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.
Hyperkinesis
Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.
Efferent Pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Joints
Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.
Lumbosacral Region
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
Escape Reaction
Innate response elicited by sensory stimuli associated with a threatening situation, or actual confrontation with an enemy.
Strepsirhini
A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of the following five families: CHEIROGALEIDAE; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; LEMURIDAE; and LORISIDAE.
Psychomotor Performance
The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.
Anterior Horn Cells
MOTOR NEURONS in the anterior (ventral) horn of the SPINAL CORD which project to SKELETAL MUSCLES.
Friction
Surface resistance to the relative motion of one body against the rubbing, sliding, rolling, or flowing of another with which it is in contact.
Adaptation, Physiological
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.
Cocaine
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Afferent Pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.
Action Potentials
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Peroneal Nerve
The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.
Proprioception
Sensory functions that transduce stimuli received by proprioceptive receptors in joints, tendons, muscles, and the INNER EAR into neural impulses to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Proprioception provides sense of stationary positions and movements of one's body parts, and is important in maintaining KINESTHESIA and POSTURAL BALANCE.
Tendons
Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Functional Laterality
Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.
Mesencephalon
The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.
Turtles
Colubridae
The largest family of snakes, comprising five subfamilies: Colubrinae, Natricinae, Homalopsinae, Lycodontinae, and Xenodontinae. They show a great diversity of eating habits, some eating almost anything, others having a specialized diet. They can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous. The majority of North American snakes are colubrines. Among the colubrids are king snakes, water moccasins, water snakes, and garter snakes. Some genera are poisonous. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp321-29)
Muscles
Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
Toes
Any one of five terminal digits of the vertebrate FOOT.
Feedback, Sensory
A mechanism of communicating one's own sensory system information about a task, movement or skill.
Orthopedic Equipment
Nonexpendable items used in the performance of orthopedic surgery and related therapy. They are differentiated from ORTHOTIC DEVICES, apparatus used to prevent or correct deformities in patients.
Videotape Recording
Recording of visual and sometimes sound signals on magnetic tape.
Alligators and Crocodiles
Large, long-tailed reptiles, including caimans, of the order Loricata.
Brain Stem
The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
Gravitation
Acceleration produced by the mutual attraction of two masses, and of magnitude inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two centers of mass. It is also the force imparted by the earth, moon, or a planet to an object near its surface. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Cockroaches
Insects of the order Dictyoptera comprising several families including Blaberidae, BLATTELLIDAE, Blattidae (containing the American cockroach PERIPLANETA americana), Cryptocercidae, and Polyphagidae.
Postural Balance
A POSTURE in which an ideal body mass distribution is achieved. Postural balance provides the body carriage stability and conditions for normal functions in stationary position or in movement, such as sitting, standing, or walking.
Neurons, Efferent
Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
Microscopy, Video
Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.
Neurons, Afferent
Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Nucleus Accumbens
Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.
N-Methylaspartate
An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).
Biological Clocks
The physiological mechanisms that govern the rhythmic occurrence of certain biochemical, physiological, and behavioral phenomena.
Central Nervous System Stimulants
A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Leg
The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.
Microscopy, Interference
The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

Energy cost of propulsion in standard and ultralight wheelchairs in people with spinal cord injuries. (1/4052)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Wheelchair- and subject-related factors influence the efficiency of wheelchair propulsion. The purpose of this study was to compare wheelchair propulsion in ultralight and standard wheelchairs in people with different levels of spinal cord injury. SUBJECTS: Seventy-four subjects (mean age=26.2 years, SD=7.14, range=17-50) with spinal cord injury resulting in motor loss (30 with tetraplegia and 44 with paraplegia) were studied. METHOD: Each subject propelled standard and ultralight wheelchairs around an outdoor track at self-selected speeds, while data were collected at 4 predetermined intervals. Speed, distance traveled, and oxygen cost (VO2 mL/kg/m) were compared by wheelchair, group, and over time, using a Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: In the ultralight wheelchair, speed and distance traveled were greater for both subjects with paraplegia and subjects with tetraplegia, whereas VO2 was less only for subjects with paraplegia. Subjects with paraplegia propelled faster and farther than did subjects with tetraplegia. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The ultralight wheelchair improved the efficiency of propulsion in the tested subjects. Subjects with tetraplegia, especially at the C6 level, are limited in their ability to propel a wheelchair.  (+info)

Does nicotine modify the psychotoxic effect of methamphetamine? Assessment in terms of locomotor sensitization in mice. (2/4052)

In this study, effects of nicotine on locomotor sensitization to methamphetamine in mice were investigated to assess whether nicotine modified induction and expression of psychotoxic action of methamphetamine. Although nicotine (0.03-1 mg/kg s.c.) had no effect at first administration, 5-time nicotine administrations at 3-day intervals progressively developed a significant locomotor stimulant effect, and caused an enhanced sensitivity (cross-sensitization) to methamphetamine (2 mg/kg s.c.). Five-time administrations of methamphetamine (2 mg/kg) at 3-day intervals produced not only a locomotor sensitization to methamphetamine itself, but also a cross-sensitization to nicotine (0.1-1 mg/kg). Nicotine (0.03-1 mg/kg) did not affect the locomotor stimulant effect of methamphetamine (2 mg/kg) in the drug-naive mice. However, nicotine acted dose-dependently to reduce the progressive enhancement of the locomotor stimulant effect of methamphetamine during 5-time repeated administrations. Mice treated with coadministration of methamphetamine with nicotine (1 mg/kg) showed less sensitization to methamphetamine than mice treated with methamphetamine alone. In addition, nicotine (1 mg/kg) inhibited the locomotor stimulant effect of methamphetamine in mice sensitized to methamphetamine. These results suggest that methamphetamine and nicotine produce a symmetrical cross-sensitization, although nicotine may act to inhibit the induction and expression of locomotor sensitization to methamphetamine in mice.  (+info)

Active signaling of leg loading and unloading in the cockroach. (3/4052)

The ability to detect changes in load is important for effective use of a leg in posture and locomotion. While a number of limb receptors have been shown to encode increases in load, few afferents have been demonstrated to signal leg unloading, which occurs cyclically during walking and is indicative of slipping or perturbations. We applied mechanical forces to the cockroach leg at controlled rates and recorded activities of the tibial group of campaniform sensilla, mechanoreceptors that encode forces through the strains they produce in the exoskeleton. Discrete responses were elicited from the group to decreasing as well as increasing levels of leg loading. Discharges of individual afferents depended on the direction of force application, and unit responses were correlated morphologically with the orientation of the receptor's cuticular cap. No units responded bidirectionally. Although discharges to decreasing levels of load were phasic, we found that these bursts could effectively encode the rate of force decreases. These discharges may be important in indicating leg unloading in the step cycle during walking and could rapidly signal force decreases during perturbations or loss of ground support.  (+info)

Plantar aponeurosis and internal architecture of the ball of the foot. (4/4052)

On the basis of its internal structure, the ball of the foot can be divided into three transverse areas, each with a different mechanical function: (1) an area proximal to the heads of the metatarsals in which the retinacula cutis are developed into a series of transverse bands, and in which the deep fibres of the plantar aponeurosis form ten sagittal septa connected to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament and through this the proximal phalanges of the toes, (2) an area below the heads of the metatarsals in which vertical fibres from the joint capsules and the sides of the fibrous flexor sheaths form a cushion below each metatarsal head, and in which fat bodies cover the digital nerves and vessels in their passage between the cushions, and (3) a distal area which comprises the interdigital web. The superficial fibres of the plantar aponeurosis are inserted into the skin of this distal area, and deep to them the plantar interdigital ligament forms a series of transverse lamellae connected to the proximal phalanges by a mooring ligament which arches from one fibrous flexor sheath to the next. When the metatarsophalangeal joints are extended, the fibres of the three areas are tensed and the skin is anchored firmly to the skeleton. The direction of the fibres in the distal and proximal area promotes the transfer of forces exerted on the skin during push-off and braking respectively, while the intermediate area is adapted to bear the weight of the body. A concentration of Pacinian corpuscles is found along the digital nerves in the weight-bearing area below the transverse metatarsal ligament. The nerves for the second, and especially for the third, interstice are close to or in contact with the sharp proximal edges of the sagittal septa.  (+info)

Mound-cell movement and morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. (5/4052)

To examine the mechanisms of cell locomotion within a three-dimensional (3-D) cell mass, we have undertaken a systematic 3-D analysis of individual cell movements in the Dictyostelium mound, the first 3-D structure to form during development of the fruiting body. We used time-lapse deconvolution microscopy to examine two strains whose motion represents endpoints on the spectrum of motile behaviors that we have observed in mounds. In AX-2 mounds, cell motion is slow and trajectories are a combination of random and radial, compared to KAX-3, in which motion is fivefold faster and most trajectories are rotational. Although radial or rotational motion was correlated with the optical-density wave patterns present in each strain, we also found small but significant subpopulations of cells that moved differently from the majority, demonstrating that optical-density waves are at best insufficient to explain all motile behavior in mounds. In examining morphogenesis in these strains, we noted that AX-2 mounds tended to culminate directly to a fruiting body, whereas KAX-3 mounds first formed a migratory slug. By altering buffering conditions we could interchange these behaviors and then found that mound-cell motions also changed accordingly. This demonstrates a correlation between mound-cell motion and subsequent development, but it is not obligatory. Chimeric mounds composed of only 10% KAX-3 cells and 90% AX-2 cells exhibited rotational motion, suggesting that a diffusible molecule induces rotation, but many of these mounds still culminated directly, demonstrating that rotational motion does not always lead to slug migration. Our observations provide a detailed analysis of cell motion for two distinct modes of mound and slug formation in Dictyostelium.  (+info)

Gliding mutants of Myxococcus xanthus with high reversal frequencies and small displacements. (6/4052)

Myxococcus xanthus cells move on a solid surface by gliding motility. Several genes required for gliding motility have been identified, including those of the A- and S-motility systems as well as the mgl and frz genes. However, the cellular defects in gliding movement in many of these mutants were unknown. We conducted quantitative, high-resolution single-cell motility assays and found that mutants defective in mglAB or in cglB, an A-motility gene, reversed the direction of gliding at frequencies which were more than 1 order of magnitude higher than that of wild type cells (2.9 min-1 for DeltamglAB mutants and 2.7 min-1 for cglB mutants, compared to 0.17 min-1 for wild-type cells). The average gliding speed of DeltamglAB mutant cells was 40% of that of wild-type cells (on average 1.9 micrometers/min for DeltamglAB mutants, compared to 4.4 micrometers/min for wild-type cells). The mglA-dependent reversals and gliding speeds were dependent on the level of intracellular MglA protein: mglB mutant cells, which contain only 15 to 20% of the wild-type level of MglA protein, glided with an average reversal frequency of about 1.8 min-1 and an average speed of 2.6 micrometers/min. These values range between those exhibited by wild-type cells and by DeltamglAB mutant cells. Epistasis analysis of frz mutants, which are defective in aggregation and in single-cell reversals, showed that a frzD mutation, but not a frzE mutation, partially suppressed the mglA phenotype. In contrast to mgl mutants, cglB mutant cells were able to move with wild-type speeds only when in close proximity to each other. However, under those conditions, these mutant cells were found to glide less often with those speeds. By analyzing double mutants, the high reversing movements and gliding speeds of cglB cells were found to be strictly dependent on type IV pili, encoded by S-motility genes, whereas the high-reversal pattern of mglAB cells was only partially reduced by a pilR mutation. These results suggest that the MglA protein is required for both control of reversal frequency and gliding speed and that in the absence of A motility, type IV pilus-dependent cell movement includes reversals at high frequency. Furthermore, mglAB mutants behave as if they were severely defective in A motility but only partially defective in S motility.  (+info)

Recovery of locomotion after ventral and ventrolateral spinal lesions in the cat. II. Effects of noradrenergic and serotoninergic drugs. (7/4052)

The effects of serotoninergic and noradrenergic drugs (applied intrathecally) on treadmill locomotion were evaluated in two adult cats subjected to a ventral and ventrolateral spinal lesion (T13). Despite the extensive spinal lesion, severely damaging important descending pathways such as the reticulo- and vestibulospinal tracts, both cats recovered quadrupedal voluntary locomotion. As detailed in a previous paper, the locomotor recovery occurred in three stages defined as early period, when the animal could not walk with its hindlimbs, recovery period, when progressive improvement occurred, and plateau period, when a more stable locomotor performance was observed. At this latter stage, the cats suffered from postural and locomotor deficits, such as poor lateral stability, irregular stepping of the hindlimbs, and inconsistent homolateral fore- and hindlimb coupling. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of serotoninergic and/or noradrenergic drugs to improve the locomotor abilities in the early and late stages. Both cats were implanted chronically with an intrathecal cannula and electromyographic (EMG) electrodes, which allowed determination, under similar recording conditions, of the locomotor performance pre- and postlesion and comparisons of the effects of different drugs. EMG and kinematic analyses showed that norepinephrine (NE) injected in early and plateau periods improved the regularity of the hindlimb stepping and stabilized the interlimb coupling, permitting to maintain constant locomotion for longer periods of time. Methoxamine, the alpha1-agonist (tested only at the plateau period), had similar effects. In contrast, the alpha2-agonist, clonidine, deteriorated walking. Serotoninergic drugs, such as the neurotransmitter itself, serotonin (5HT), the precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), and the agonist quipazine improved the locomotion by increasing regularity of the hindlimb stepping and by increasing the step cycle duration. In contrast, the 5HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (DPAT) caused foot drag in one of the cats, resulting in frequent stumbling. Injection of combination of methoxamine and quipazine resulted in maintained, regular stepping with smooth movements and good lateral stability. Our results show that the effects of drugs can be integrated to the residual voluntary locomotion and improve some of its postural aspects. However, this work shows clearly that the effects of drugs (such as clonidine) may depend on whether or not the spinal lesion is complete. In a clinical context, this may suggest that different classes of drugs could be used in patients with different types of spinal cord injuries. Possible mechanisms underlying the effect of noradrenergic and serotoninergic drugs on the locomotion after partial spinal lesions are discussed.  (+info)

Gating of transmission in climbing fibre paths to cerebellar cortical C1 and C3 zones in the rostral paramedian lobule during locomotion in the cat. (8/4052)

1. Climbing fibre field potentials evoked by low intensity (non-noxious) electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral superficial radial nerve have been recorded in the rostral paramedian lobule (PML) in awake cats. Chronically implanted microwires were used to monitor the responses at eight different C1 and C3 zone sites during quiet rest and during steady walking on a moving belt. The latency and other characteristics of the responses identified them as mediated mainly via the dorsal funiculus-spino-olivocerebellar path (DF-SOCP). 2. At each site, mean size of response (measured as the area under the field, in mV ms) varied systematically during the step cycle without parallel fluctuations in size of the peripheral nerve volley. Largest responses occurred overwhelmingly during the stance phase of the step cycle in the ipsilateral forelimb while smallest responses occurred most frequently during swing. 3. Simultaneous recording from pairs of C1 zone sites located in the anterior lobe (lobule V) and C1 or C3 zone sites in rostral PML revealed markedly different patterns of step-related modulation. 4. The findings shed light on the extent to which the SOCPs projecting to different parts of a given zone can be regarded as functionally uniform and have implications as to their reliability as channels for conveying peripheral signals to the cerebellum during locomotion.  (+info)

Animal Locomotion: Reanimating Muybridges 19th Century Illustrations with GIFs - Atlas ObscuraAnimal Locomotion: Reanimating Muybridges 19th Century Illustrations with GIFs - Atlas Obscura
Galloping Elk (all images from Eadweard Muybridges Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion made Popular, animations via Wikimedia). The 19th century photographs by Eadweard Muybridge captured something that had previously been too fleeting for the human eye: the mechanics of animal locomotion. In his 1893 book Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion made Popular, Muybridge described his most famous animal locomotion capture of a horse. The series of photographs aimed to settle a dispute over the possibility of a horse having all of his feet free of contact with the ground at the same instant, while trotting, even at a high rate of speed. The photographs revealed conclusively for the first time that a horses feet do indeed leave the ground all at once while in full gallop, the horse pulling its legs briefly underneath itself before sprinting forward. Muybridges animal locomotion studies were a great success and he traveled around showing the ...
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/eadweard-muybridge-animal-locomotion
Neural control of Caenorhabditis elegans forward locomotion: the role of sensory feedback - White Rose Research OnlineNeural control of Caenorhabditis elegans forward locomotion: the role of sensory feedback - White Rose Research Online
This paper presents a simple yet biologicallygrounded model for the neural control of Caenorhabditis elegans forward locomotion. We identify a minimal circuit within the C. elegans ventral cord that is likely to be sufficient to generate and sustain forward locomotion in vivo. This limited subcircuit appears to contain no obvious central pattern generated control. For that subcircuit, we present a model that relies on a chain of oscillators along the body which are driven by local and proximate mechano-sensory input. Computer simulations were used to study the model under a variety of conditions and to test whether it is behaviourally plausible. Within our model, we find that a minimal circuit of AVB interneurons and B-class motoneurons is sufficient to generate and sustain fictive forward locomotion patterns that are robust to significant environmental perturbations. The model predicts speed and amplitude modulation by the AVB command interneurons. An extended model including D-class ...
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7948/
Relationship between resting medial gastrocnemius stiffness and drop jump performance<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Relationship between resting medial gastrocnemius stiffness and drop jump performance. AU - Ando, Ryosuke. AU - Sato, Shinya. AU - Hirata, Naoya. AU - Tanimoto, Hiroki. AU - Imaizumi, Naoto. AU - Suzuki, Yasuhiro. AU - Hirata, Kosuke. AU - Akagi, Ryota. N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI grant 18K17813 to R. Ando and 16H05918 to R. Akagi. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. PY - 2021/6. Y1 - 2021/6. N2 - Although the influence of the series elastic element of the muscle-tendon unit on jump performance has been investigated, the corresponding effect of the parallel elastic element remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between the resting calf muscle stiffness and drop jump performance. Twenty-four healthy men participated in this study. The shear moduli of the medial gastrocnemius and the soleus were measured at rest as an index of muscle stiffness using ultrasound shear wave ...
https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/relationship-between-resting-medial-gastrocnemius-stiffness-and-d
Animal Locomotion: Physical Principles and Adaptations - Malcolm S. Gordon, Reinhard Blickhan, John O. Dabiri, John J. Videler ...Animal Locomotion: Physical Principles and Adaptations - Malcolm S. Gordon, Reinhard Blickhan, John O. Dabiri, John J. Videler ...
Animal Locomotion: Physical Principles and Adaptations is a professional-level, state of the art review and reference summarizing the current understanding of macroscopic metazoan animal movement. The comparative biophysics, biomechanics and bioengineering of swimming, flying and terrestrial locomotion are placed in contemporary frameworks of biodiversity, evolutionary process, and modern research methods, including mathematical analysis. The intended primary audience is advanced-level students and researchers primarily interested in and trained in mathematics, physical sciences and engineering. Although not encyclopedic in its coverage, anyone interested in organismal biology, functional morphology, organ systems and ecological physiology, physiological ecology, molecular biology, molecular genetics and systems biology should find this book useful.
https://books.google.ru/books/about/Animal_Locomotion.html?id=qugJEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y
Fin and flipper locomotion - WikipediaFin and flipper locomotion - Wikipedia
Fin and flipper locomotion occurs mostly in aquatic locomotion, and rarely in terrestrial locomotion. From the three common states of matter - gas, liquid and solid, these appendages are adapted for liquids, mostly fresh or saltwater and used in locomotion, steering and balancing of the body. Locomotion is important in order to escape predators, acquire food, find mates and bury for shelter, nest or food. Aquatic locomotion consists of swimming, whereas terrestrial locomotion encompasses walking, crutching, jumping, digging as well as covering. Some animals such as sea turtles and mudskippers use these two environments for different purposes, for example using the land for nesting, and the sea to hunt for food. Fish live in Fresh or Saltwater habitats and some exceptions are capable of coming on land (Mudskippers). Most fish have a line of muscle blocks, called myomeres, along each side of the body. To swim, they alternately contract one side and relax the other side in a progression which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin_and_flipper_locomotion
EFFECT OF MOTOR IMAGERY WITH LOCOMOTION ON THROWING ACCURACY OF RECREA by K Kinney, C MacKintosh et al.EFFECT OF MOTOR IMAGERY WITH LOCOMOTION ON THROWING ACCURACY OF RECREA by K Kinney, C MacKintosh et al.
The use of motor imagery (MI) with locomotion is a skill that may assist in performance improvement. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of MI with and without locomotion on throwing accuracy in recreationally active college students at Whitworth University. METHODS: Sixteen college-aged, recreationally active males (n = 8) and females (n = 8; age: 20.75 ± 0.93 years) completed three throwing sessions: a MI only session, a MI with locomotion session (e.g. concurrent rehearsal of the throwing motion), and a control session in which neither MI nor locomotion was used. The order of the throwing sessions was randomly determined for each participant. A repeated measures ANOVA (significance level p ≤ 0.05) was utilized to determine the existence of significant differences in radial error between experimental conditions. RESULTS: No statistical differences were observed between conditions for throwing accuracy (MI: 27.6 ± 5.8 cm, MI with locomotion: 26.2 ± 6.9 cm, control: 25.4
https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol8/iss3/25/
Frontiers | Monoamine Release in the Cat Lumbar Spinal Cord during Fictive Locomotion Evoked by the Mesencephalic Locomotor...Frontiers | Monoamine Release in the Cat Lumbar Spinal Cord during Fictive Locomotion Evoked by the Mesencephalic Locomotor...
Spinal cord neurons active during locomotion are innervated by descending axons that release the monoamines serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) and these neurons express monoaminergic receptor subtypes implicated in the control of locomotion. The timing, level and spinal locations of release of these two substances during centrally-generated locomotor activity should therefore be critical to this control. These variables were measured in real time by fast-cyclic voltammetry in the decerebrate cats lumbar spinal cord during fictive locomotion, which was evoked by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) and registered as integrated activity in bilateral peripheral nerves to hindlimb muscles. Monoamine release was observed in dorsal horn (DH), intermediate zone/ventral horn (IZ/VH) and adjacent white matter (WM) during evoked locomotion. Extracellular peak levels (all sites) increased above baseline by 138 ± 232.5 nM and 35.6 ± 94.4 nM (mean ± SD) for NE and 5-HT,
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2017.00059/full
Now Available: VR Locomotion Design Guide | OculusNow Available: VR Locomotion Design Guide | Oculus
Artificial locomotion is when movement in the virtual world does not directly correspond to physical movement. For example, when you walk, turn, or move through the virtual world in response to controller inputs, such as pushing a thumbstick.. The most common use of artificial locomotion is to make it possible for people to move through virtual environments that are larger than their physical playspace; however, there are many other scenarios where it is necessary or useful to use artificial locomotion. For example, movement can sometimes be controlled by, or in response to, the environment, like an elevator or a roller coaster. Games that are designed primarily for physical locomotion can usually benefit from supporting artificial locomotion because it will make it possible for people with limited space or mobility issues to experience the content. Unless physical locomotion is core to the design, it is recommended to support artificial locomotion to make the application as accessible as ...
https://developer.oculus.com/blog/now-available-vr-locomotion-design-guide/?_fb_noscript=1
Modulation of joint moments and work in the goat hindlimb with locomotor speed and surface grade | Journal of Experimental...Modulation of joint moments and work in the goat hindlimb with locomotor speed and surface grade | Journal of Experimental...
Goats and other quadrupeds must modulate the work output of their muscles to accommodate the changing mechanical demands associated with locomotion in their natural environments. This study examined which hindlimb joint moments goats use to generate and absorb mechanical energy on level and sloped surfaces over a range of locomotor speeds. Ground reaction forces and the three-dimensional locations of joint markers were recorded as goats walked, trotted, and galloped over 0°, +15°, and -15° sloped surfaces. Net joint moments, powers, and work were estimated at the goats hip, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints throughout the stance phase via inverse dynamics calculations. Differences in locomotor speed on the level, inclined, and declined surfaces were characterized and accounted for by fitting regression equations to the joint moment, power and work data plotted versus non-dimensionalized speed. During level locomotion, the net work generated by moments at each of the hindlimb joints ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/early/2013/03/05/jeb.082495
Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. IV. Total mechanical energy changes as a function of speed and body size in...Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. IV. Total mechanical energy changes as a function of speed and body size in...
This is the final paper in or series examining the link between the energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. In this paper the kinetic energy of the limbs and body relative to the centre of mass (EKE, tot of paper two) is combined with the potential plus kinetic energy of the centre of mass (ECM, tot of paper three) to obtain the total mechanical energy (excluding elastic energy) of an animal during constant average-speed locomotion. The minimum mass-specific power required of the muscles and tendons to maintain the observed oscillations in total energy, Etot/Mb, can be described by one equation: Etot/Mb = 0.478. vg 1.53 + 0.685. vg + 0.072 where Etot/Mb is in W kg-1 and vg is in m s-1. This equation is independent of body size, applying equally as well to a chipmunk or a quail as to a horse or an ostrich. In marked contrast, the metabolic energy consumed by each gram of an animal as it moves along the ground at a constant speed increases linearly with speed and is proportional to ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/97/1/57
Energy-Optimal Control of Underactuated Bipedal Locomotion SystemsEnergy-Optimal Control of Underactuated Bipedal Locomotion Systems
The paper deals with modeling and design of energy-optimal motion of mechatronic system having less number of actuators than degrees of freedom. Such mechatronic system is termed underactuated. We consider an underactuated mechatronic system modeled a bipedal locomotion robot with 11 degrees of freedom. The system comprises nine links and is used to represent the biped s planar dynamics in sagittal plane. The bodies are connected by friction-free hinge joints. It s assumed that the control inputs are torque actuators acting only at hip and knee joints. The ankle and the metatarsal joints of the feet are spanned with springs al-lowing discrete switching of their stiffness parameters in accordance to varying constraints imposed on the system s motion. The algorithm has been developed for synthesizing the energy-optimal anthropomorphic motion of the bipedal locomotion system with passively controlled feet and discrete switching of their joint stiffness parameters. Algorithm uses the smoothing cubic splines
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/5689
Motoneurons Dedicated to Either Forward or Backward Locomotion in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans | Journal of NeuroscienceMotoneurons Dedicated to Either Forward or Backward Locomotion in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans | Journal of Neuroscience
Existing models for C. elegans locomotion (Niebur and Erdös, 1993; Bryden and Cohen, 2008; Karbowski et al., 2008) address only forward locomotion during crawling. In all of these models, VB and DB are the sources of alternating activity to ventral and dorsal muscle. We were not able to discern any such alternating activity between pairs of VB and DB motoneurons that innervate contralateral muscle cells. If alternating motoneuron activity does occur, then one of several reasons may account for our failure to detect it. First, the activity of motoneurons at the recording site might be affected by the tethering. In addition, the decay time constant of YC2.60 we used to detect calcium changes accompanying forward and backward locomotion was too slow (5.2 s) (Hendel et al., 2008) to allow us to resolve the faster oscillatory signals. Although YC3.60 has a faster decay time constant, the signals it generated were consistently smaller than YC2.60 and fast rhythmic signals accompanying sinusoidal ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/33/11151.full
Browse In Biology, Animal Biology - Oxford Scholarship Online - Oxford ScholarshipBrowse In Biology, Animal Biology - Oxford Scholarship Online - Oxford Scholarship
This book provides a synthesis of the physical, physiological, evolutionary, and biomechanical principles that underlie animal locomotion. An understanding and full appreciation of animal locomotion ... More. This book provides a synthesis of the physical, physiological, evolutionary, and biomechanical principles that underlie animal locomotion. An understanding and full appreciation of animal locomotion requires the integration of these principles. Toward this end, we provide the necessary introductory foundation that will allow a more in-depth understanding of the physical biology and physiology of animal movement. In so doing, we hope that this book will illuminate the fundamentals and breadth of these systems, while inspiring our readers to look more deeply into the scientific literature and investigate new features of animal movement. Several themes run through this book. The first is that by comparing the modes and mechanisms by which animals have evolved the capacity for movement, we can ...
https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/browse?t_0=OSO%3Abiology&t_1=OSO%3Abioani
Browse In Biology - Oxford Scholarship Online - Oxford ScholarshipBrowse In Biology - Oxford Scholarship Online - Oxford Scholarship
This book provides a synthesis of the physical, physiological, evolutionary, and biomechanical principles that underlie animal locomotion. An understanding and full appreciation of animal locomotion ... More. This book provides a synthesis of the physical, physiological, evolutionary, and biomechanical principles that underlie animal locomotion. An understanding and full appreciation of animal locomotion requires the integration of these principles. Toward this end, we provide the necessary introductory foundation that will allow a more in-depth understanding of the physical biology and physiology of animal movement. In so doing, we hope that this book will illuminate the fundamentals and breadth of these systems, while inspiring our readers to look more deeply into the scientific literature and investigate new features of animal movement. Several themes run through this book. The first is that by comparing the modes and mechanisms by which animals have evolved the capacity for movement, we can ...
https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/browse?t=OSO:biology&print
Locomotion - Flagellar locomotion | BritannicaLocomotion - Flagellar locomotion | Britannica
Locomotion - Locomotion - Flagellar locomotion: Most flagellate protozoans possess either one or two flagella extending from the anterior (front) end of the body. Some protozoans, however, have several flagella that may be scattered over the entire body; in such cases, the flagella usually are fused into distinctly separate clusters. Flagellar movement, or locomotion, occurs as either planar waves, oarlike beating, or three-dimensional waves. All three of these forms of flagellar locomotion consist of contraction waves that pass either from the base to the tip of the flagellum or in the reverse direction to produce forward or backward movement. The planar waves, which occur along a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/locomotion/Flagellar-locomotion
Eadweard Muybridges Animal Locomotion: Plate 717 (Cat) - 20x200Eadweard Muybridges Animal Locomotion: Plate 717 (Cat) - 20x200
Eadweard Muybridges Animal Locomotion: Plate 717 (Cat): a limited edition print from 20x200 starting at just $24. Its Art For Everyone!
https://20x200.com/collections/vintage-editions/products/eadweard-muybridge-animal-locomotion-plate-717-cat
Eadweard Muybridges Animal Locomotion: Plate 707 (Dog) - 20x200Eadweard Muybridges Animal Locomotion: Plate 707 (Dog) - 20x200
Eadweard Muybridges Animal Locomotion: Plate 707 (Dog): a limited edition print from 20x200 starting at just $24. Its Art For Everyone!
https://20x200.com/collections/space-and-vintage-editions/products/eadweard-muybridge-animal-locomotion-plate-707-dog
Eadweard J. Muybridge. Man Throwing an Iron Disk: Plate 307 from Animal Locomotion (1887). 1884-86 | MoMAEadweard J. Muybridge. Man Throwing an Iron Disk: Plate 307 from Animal Locomotion (1887). 1884-86 | MoMA
Eadweard J. Muybridge. _Man Throwing an Iron Disk:_Plate 307 from Animal Locomotion (1887). 1884-86. Collotype. 10 1/4 × 10 11/16 (26 × 27.1 cm). Gift of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum. SC1999.28. Photography
https://www.moma.org/collection/works/87258?high_contrast=true&locale=en&page=1545&with_images=true
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE. THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL LOCOMOTION PHOTOGRAPHS - Librer a Arcadia Medi ticaEADWEARD MUYBRIDGE. THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL LOCOMOTION PHOTOGRAPHS - Librer a Arcadia Medi tica
EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE. THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL LOCOMOTION PHOTOGRAPHS, ADAM, HANS CHRISTIAN, S/.85,00. English photographer Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) is a pioneer in ...
http://www.arcadiamediatica.com/libro/eadweard-muybridge-the-human-and-animal-locomotion-photographs_24586
What Are Locomotor Movements? | Reference.comWhat Are Locomotor Movements? | Reference.com
Locomotor movements are any movements that take place over some distance. These include walking, running, leaping, jumping, hopping, galloping, crawling, sliding and skipping....
https://www.reference.com/world-view/locomotor-movements-a92ec8688f772e21
Is a Bimodal Force-Time Curve Related to Countermovement Jump Performance?<...Is a Bimodal Force-Time Curve Related to Countermovement Jump Performance?<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Is a Bimodal Force-Time Curve Related to Countermovement Jump Performance?. AU - Kennedy, Rodney. AU - Drake, David. N1 - Reference text: 1. Mandic, R.; Jakovljevic, S.; Jaric, S. Effects of countermovement depth on kinematic and kinetic patterns of maximum vertical jumps. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 2015, 25, 265-272, doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.11.001. 2. Silva, J.R.; Rumpf, M.C.; Hertzog, M.; Castagna, C.; Farooq, A.; Girard, O.; Hader, K. Acute and residual soccer match-related fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017, 1-45, doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0798-8. 3. Claudino, J.G.; Cronin, J.; Mezêncio, B.; McMaster, D.T.; McGuigan, M.; Tricoli, V.; Amadio, A.C.; Serrão, J.C. The countermovement jump to monitor neuromuscular status: A meta-analysis. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2017, 20, 397-402, doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.011. 4. Rowell, A.E.; Aughey, R.J.; Hopkins, W.G.; Stewart, A.M.; Cormack, S.J. Identification of sensitive measures of recovery following external ...
https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/is-a-bimodal-force-time-curve-related-to-countermovement-jump-per
The goal of locomotion: Separating the fundamental task from the mecha by James L. Croft, Ryan Schroeder et al.The goal of locomotion: Separating the fundamental task from the mecha by James L. Croft, Ryan Schroeder et al.
Human locomotion has been well described but is still not well understood. This is largely true because the observable aspects of locomotion-neuromuscular activity that generates forces and motions-relate to both the task solution and the problem being solved. Identifying the fundamental task achieved in locomotion makes it possible to critically evaluate the motor control strategy used to accomplish the task goal. We contend that the readily observed movements and activities of locomotion should be considered mechanism(s). Our proposal is that the fundamental task of walking and running is analogous to flight, and should be defined in terms of the interaction of the individuals mass with the medium in which it moves: a low-density fluid for flight, or the supporting substrate for legged locomotion. A rigorous definition of the fundamental task can help identify the constraints and opportunities that influence its solution and guide the selection of appropriate mechanisms to accomplish the task
https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/3839/
Control of Active Multi-Point-Contact Feet for Quadrupedal Locomotion: Publications - Robotics Innovation Center - DFKI GmbHControl of Active Multi-Point-Contact Feet for Quadrupedal Locomotion: Publications - Robotics Innovation Center - DFKI GmbH
With increasing sensing, motion, and processing capabilities, robots start to master more and more complex tasks in difficult applications. Especially working in hazardous environments, such as exploring extraterrestrial planets or nuclear disaster sites, demand robotic solutions with advanced locomotion capabilities in unstructured terrain. Four-legged systems can provide the desired mobility. The hominid robot Charlie has, in contrast to most quadrupeds, an active ankle joint with Multi-Contact-Point-Feet to support four-legged as well as two-legged locomotion. In this paper, the advantages of this foot design for four-legged locomotion is analyzed. The paper summarizes briefly Charlies hardware and software components. In detail, the foot design and the behavior modules which utilize the possibilities of actively controlled Multi-Contact-Point-Feet are described. The experimental results show that a positive effect on traction and range of motion are achieved which improve the mobility of ...
https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/publications/9558.html
Gait kinetics of above- and below-branch quadrupedal locomotion in lemurid primates | Scholars@DukeGait kinetics of above- and below-branch quadrupedal locomotion in lemurid primates | [email protected]
Gait kinetics of above- and below-branch quadrupedal locomotion in lemurid primatess profile, publications, research topics, and co-authors
https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1166613
Propulsion - WikipediaPropulsion - Wikipedia
Animal locomotion, which is the act of self-propulsion by an animal, has many manifestations, including running, swimming, jumping and flying. Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, or a suitable microhabitat, and to escape predators. For many animals the ability to move is essential to survival and, as a result, selective pressures have shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms employed by moving organisms. For example, migratory animals that travel vast distances (such as the Arctic tern) typically have a locomotion mechanism that costs very little energy per unit distance, whereas non-migratory animals that must frequently move quickly to escape predators (such as frogs) are likely to have costly but very fast locomotion. The study of animal locomotion is typically considered to be a sub-field of biomechanics. Locomotion requires energy to overcome friction, drag, inertia, and gravity, though in many circumstances some of these factors are negligible. In ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_propulsion
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience - Volume 6, issue 1 - Journals - IOS PressRestorative Neurology and Neuroscience - Volume 6, issue 1 - Journals - IOS Press
Authors: Hattori, Satoshi , Li, Qianming , Matsui, Nobuo , Nishino, Hitoo Article Type: Research Article Abstract: To evaluate the physiological role of striatal dopamine (DA) during exercise and the mechanism of functional recovery mediated by grafted DAergic neurons, the locomotor ability (treadmill running) and DA turnover were investigated using treadmill running combined with in vivo microdialysis in the intact control rats, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats (hemi-parkinsonian model rats) and DAergic cell grafted rats. The 3 groups of rats were trained to run on a straight treadmill at a speed of 1,800 cm/min for 20 min every day for 7 consecutive days. If the rats could not follow the speed they got electrostimulation (ES) from the grid …behind the treadmill belt. The numbers of ES rats received during treadmill running were counted to quantify the locomotor ability. Control rats could keep up with the treadmill easily (0-1 ES/10 min), whereas lesioned rats could not follow the ...
https://content.iospress.com/journals/restorative-neurology-and-neuroscience/6/1
Serotonergic Modulation of Locomotion in Zebrafish-Endogenous Release and Synaptic Mechanisms | Journal of NeuroscienceSerotonergic Modulation of Locomotion in Zebrafish-Endogenous Release and Synaptic Mechanisms | Journal of Neuroscience
Modulatory inputs acting via G-protein coupled receptors provide neuronal circuits with the flexibility required to adapt their activity to internal and external changes. In the spinal cord, the network producing locomotor activity is subject both to intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation. In many vertebrates, 5-HT is considered to play an important role in organizing the locomotor pattern and can profoundly modulate the motor output. In some preparations the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying the 5-HT modulation of the network activity have begun to be elucidated. In Xenopus tadpoles, fictive locomotion can be induced by skin stimulation, and application of 5-HT increases the locomotor burst duration, depresses mid-cycle inhibition, and modulates NMDA receptors (Sillar et al., 1992; Scrymgeour-Wedderburn et al., 1997; Sillar et al., 1998). In the newborn mammalian spinal cord, 5-HT is important for generating a stable locomotor pattern induced pharmacologically (Cazalets et al., 1992; ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/33/10387.full
Human Locomotion Lab - Neural Rehabilitation Group - CSICHuman Locomotion Lab - Neural Rehabilitation Group - CSIC
The main topic of this lab is the study of human locomotion and its neurorehabilitation. The target groups are the major diseases of the central nervous system (Stroke, SCI, Parkinson) and other syndromes that affect human locomotion. The area seeks to advance the sciences of biomechanics, neurophysiology and applications of ICT to design of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve gait recovery processes. It is our primal goal to experimentally demonstrate the key aspects to optimal functional recovery of gait.. The long-term research activities and projects are separated in the following target outcomes:. - Optimization of therapies for recovery of gait function. Humans (healthy and impaired) can be conditioned to modulate neural control for recovery of a function by means of one or a combination of therapies (biofeedback, robotic, neuroprosthetic and/or pharmacologic). Our long-term researches will apply a rigorous approach to find interventions that enhance adaptation, skill ...
http://www.neuralrehabilitation.org/en/?page_id=60
Mechanics and control of human hopping | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological SciencesMechanics and control of human hopping | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Legs behave like compression springs during bouncing gaits such as running and hopping. During the first half of the ground contact phase, leg length (i.e. the distance between hip and toe) decreases while the ground reaction force increases, and during the second half of the ground contact phase, leg length increases while the ground reaction force decreases. In the search for general principles underlying bouncing gaits, biomechanists have modelled the body as a linear massless spring supporting a point mass equivalent to body mass [1,2]. The stiffness of the spring, typically referred to as leg spring, is determined from the relationship between the magnitude of the ground reaction force and the distance between the centre of mass (CM) and the centre of pressure on the ground [2]. It has been shown abundantly that the stiffness of the leg spring changes when humans change hopping height (e.g. [3]) or frequency (e.g. [3-5]), or when the viscous or elastic properties of the surface underfoot ...
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1570/1516
Search Results for vertical jump | Human KineticsSearch Results for vertical jump | Human Kinetics
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in both the coordination patterns of segmental actions and the dynamics of vertical jumping that accompany changes in vertical jump performance (VJP) occurring from trial to trial in single subjects. Ground reaction forces and video data were analyzed for 50 maximal vertical jumps for 8 subjects. It was possible to predict VJP from whole-body or even segmental kinematics and kinetics in spite of the small jump performance variability. Best whole-body models included peak and average mechanical power, propulsion time, and peak negative impulse. Best segmental models included coordination variables and a few joint torques and powers. Contrary to expectations, VJP was lower for trials with a proximal-to-distal sequence of joint reversals. ...
https://journals.humankinetics.com/search?q=%22vertical%20jump%22&print
Moving On 2014 by University of Sussex Students Union - issuuMoving On 2014 by University of Sussex Students Union - issuu
Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get them in front of Issuus millions of monthly readers. Title: Moving On 2014, Author: University of Sussex Students Union, Name: Moving On 2014, Length: 24 pages, Page: 1, Published: 2013-12-04
https://issuu.com/sussexstudentsunion/docs/movingon2013_560d3ab8f372c7
Locomotion in star fish, LOCOMOTION IN STAR FISH - With the help of tube feet aided, BiologyLocomotion in star fish, LOCOMOTION IN STAR FISH - With the help of tube feet aided, Biology
Biology Assignment Help, Locomotion in star fish, LOCOMOTION IN STAR FISH - With the help of tube feet aided by fluid pressure in them. In a tube feet upper ampulla, middle podium and lower sucker present.
http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/locomotion-in-star-fish-30115539.aspx
A Key Link in the Locomotor System: The Upper-Thoracic SpineA Key Link in the Locomotor System: The Upper-Thoracic Spine
Author: Craig Liebenson and Brett Winchester. Title: A Key Link in the Locomotor System - The Upper-Thoracic Spine. Summary: With chiropractic backgrounds rooted in motion palpation and functional...
http://www.dynamicchiropractic.ca/mpacms/dc_ca/article.php?id=55399
MU researchers find key gene in spinal locomotion, yield insight on paralysisMU researchers find key gene in spinal locomotion, yield insight on paralysis
The difference between walking and being paralyzed could be as simple as turning a light switch on and off, a culmination of years of research shows.. Recently, University of Missouri Assistant Professor of biology Samuel T. Waters isolated a coding gene that he found has profound effects on locomotion and central nervous system development.. Waters work with gene expression in embryonic mouse tissue could shed light on paralysis and stroke and other disorders of the central nervous system, like Alzheimers disease.. Waters works extensively with two coding genes called Gbx1 and Gbx2. These genes - exist in the body with approximately 20,000 other protein-coding genes - are essential for development in the central nervous system.. To understand whats going wrong, its critical that we know thats right, Waters said.. Coding genes essentially assign functions for the body. They tell your fingernail to grow a certain way, help develop motor control responsible for chewing and, as shown in ...
https://decodingscience.missouri.edu/2014/03/21/mu-researchers-find-key-gene-in-spinal-locomotion-yield-insight-on-paralysis/
High-Speed Locomotion Neurons Found in the Brainstem | University of BaselHigh-Speed Locomotion Neurons Found in the Brainstem | University of Basel
A clearly defined subpopulation of neurons in the brainstem is essential to execute locomotion at high speeds. Interestingly, these high-speed neurons are intermingled with others that can elicit immediate stopping. How defined groups of brainstem neurons can regulate important aspects of full motor programs, reports a study by researchers of the Biozentrum at the University of Basel and the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI). The journal Nature has published the results.
https://www.unibas.ch/en/News-Events/News/Uni-Research/High-speed-locomotion-neurons-found-in-the-brainstem.html
Back Squats Just Prior Improve Vertical Jump Performance | Breaking MuscleBack Squats Just Prior Improve Vertical Jump Performance | Breaking Muscle
Post-Activation Potentiation or PAP - what is it? It means if you squat heavy, you can jump higher. Science looks at how much weight it takes to activate this potential and how you can apply it, too.
https://breakingmuscle.com/fitness/back-squats-just-prior-improve-vertical-jump-performance
Oie terrestrial animal health code 2009 - Chargeless books Archive
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http://chanelfashion.tk/2017/06/08/oie-terrestrial-animal-health-code-2009_fo/
Muscle Function Assessment Using a Drosophila Larvae ...Muscle Function Assessment Using a Drosophila Larvae ...
Here we describe a simple method to measure larval muscle contraction and locomotion behavior. The method enables the user to acquire data, without the necessity of using expensive equipment (Rotstein et al., 2018). To measure contraction and locomotion behaviour, single larvae are positioned at the center of a humidified Petri dish. Larval movement is recorded over time using the movie function of a consumer digital camera. Subsequently, videos are analyzed using ImageJ (Rueden et al., 2017) for distance measurements and counting of contractions. Data are represented as box or scatter plots using GraphPad Prism (©GraphPad Software).
https://bio-protocol.org/e2933
Locomotion (2004) für PC - Steckbrief | GamersGlobal.deLocomotion (2004) für PC - Steckbrief | GamersGlobal.de
Locomotion (2004) ist ein Spiel von Chris Sawyer Productions, das von Atari vertrieben wird. Es gehört zum Strategie-Genre, Unterkategorie Wirtschaftssimulation und ist am 30.09.2004 erschienen. Die unterstützte Spiele-Plattform ist PC, die USK (Unterhaltungssoftware-Selbstkontrolle) hat dem Game die Altersfreigabe „ab 0 freigegeben gegeben. In diesem Steckbrief fassen wir alle unsere News, Screenshots und ggf. auch Videos sowie Preview und Test zu Locomotion (2004) zusammen. Unsere User geben dem Spiel im Schnitt die Note 7.2. Du kannst übrigens als Archivar-User von GamersGlobal an dieser Übersicht mitarbeiten!. ...
https://www.gamersglobal.de/spiel/3560/locomotion-2004
Locomotion | Difference BetweenLocomotion | Difference Between
Want more amazing articles related to Locomotion? Please subscribe below well notify you when we publish new articles related to Locomotion ...
http://www.differencebetween.net/tag/locomotion/
Locomotion on flowing granular groundLocomotion on flowing granular ground
If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below ...
https://pr.ai/forumdisplay.php?f=2283&s=c8f2bd4e162cd372b13b3290545a4eb2
Geometric Heat Flow Method for Legged Locomotion Planning - Fingerprint - University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignGeometric Heat Flow Method for Legged Locomotion Planning - Fingerprint - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2021 Elsevier B.V We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. ...
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/geometric-heat-flow-method-for-legged-locomotion-planning/fingerprints/
Genesis 1:24 And God said, Let the earth give birth to all sorts of living things, cattle and all things moving on the earth,...
And God said, Let the earth give birth to all sorts of living things, cattle and all things moving on the earth, and beasts of the earth after their sort: and it was so. BBE Genesis 1:24
http://studybible.info/BBE/Genesis%201:24
Impact of Aquatic Based Plyometric Training on Jump Performance by Pryse M. Mullenax, Quincy Johnson et al.Impact of Aquatic Based Plyometric Training on Jump Performance by Pryse M. Mullenax, Quincy Johnson et al.
International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 815-828, 2021. There is evidence to suggest that aquatic plyometric training (APT) may be an effective and safer alternative to traditional land-based plyometric training (LPT) when training to increase jump performance. The aim of this review was to critically examine the current literature regarding the effects of APT vs. LPT on jump performance in athletic populations. Key terms were employed in five separate databases to complete the current review. Available articles were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine which studies were deemed eligible for review. Outcome measure in these studies included those assessing lower extremity power and jump performance (i.e., drop jumps, broad jumps, sergeant jumps, repeated countermovement jumps, and vertical jumps). All but one of the studies included in this critical review showed significant improvements in jump performance after LPT and APT interventions. Both LPT and APT groups
https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijes/vol14/iss6/10/
john mayall moving on - China john mayall moving on - ECBAY Manufacturers Directoryjohn mayall moving on - China john mayall moving on - ECBAY Manufacturers Directory
john mayall moving on manufacturers and john mayall moving on suppliers Directory - Find john mayall moving on products,Choose Quality john mayall moving on manufacturers, suppliers, factory at ECBAY
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ModelDB: Optimal synaptic assignment for locomotory behavior in C. elegans (Rakowski & Karbowski 2017)ModelDB: Optimal synaptic assignment for locomotory behavior in C. elegans (Rakowski & Karbowski 2017)
The detailed knowledge of C. elegans connectome for 3 decades has not contributed dramatically to our understanding of worms behavior. One of main reasons for this situation has been the lack of data on the type of synaptic signaling between particular neurons in the worms connectome. The aim of this study was to determine synaptic polarities for each connection in a small pre-motor circuit controlling locomotion. Even in this compact network of just 7 neurons the space of all possible patterns of connection types (excitation vs. inhibition) is huge. To deal effectively with this combinatorial problem we devised a novel and relatively fast technique based on genetic algorithms and large-scale parallel computations, which we combined with detailed neurophysiological modeling of interneuron dynamics and compared the theory to the available behavioral data. As a result of these massive computations, we found that the optimal connectivity pattern that matches the best locomotory data is the one in ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel?model=238985&file=/RakowskiKarbowski2017/elegans-simulation/.git/HEAD
Locomotion Vault Will Help Guide Innovations In Virtual Reality Locomotion | VR VoiceLocomotion Vault Will Help Guide Innovations In Virtual Reality Locomotion | VR Voice
Called Locomotion Vault, the project was developed by researchers at the Universities of Birmingham, Copenhagen, and Microsoft Research. It aims to provide a central, freely available resource to analyze the numerous locomotion techniques currently available.. The aim is to make it easier for developers to make informed decisions about the appropriate technique for their application and researchers to study which methods are best. By cataloguing available techniques in the Locomotion Vault, the project will also give creators and designers a head-start on identifying gaps where future investigation might be necessary. The database is an interactive resource, so it can be expanded through contributions from researchers and practitioners.. Researcher Massimiliano Di Luca, of the University of Birminghams School of Psychology, said: Locomotion is an essential part of virtual reality environments, but there are many challenges. A fundamental question, for example, is whether there should be a ...
https://vrvoice.co/locomotion-vault-will-help-guide-innovations-in-virtual-reality-locomotion/
Cortex-dependent recovery of unassisted hindlimb locomotion after complete spinal cord injury in adult rats | eLifeCortex-dependent recovery of unassisted hindlimb locomotion after complete spinal cord injury in adult rats | eLife
After complete spinal transection in adult rats, careful combinations of pharmacological and physical therapies create a novel cortical sensorimotor circuit that may bypass the lesion through biomechanical coupling, allowing animals to recover unassisted hindlimb locomotion.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/23532
LocomotivesLocomotives
Locomotives on the Great Central Railway There are many steam and diesel locomotives based at the Great Central Railway. Some are being restored, some being repaired and maintained and some are in service. Because of the nature of these veteran forms of railway motive power the running situation changes frequently. And, of course, we have visiting locomotives to add to the variety. Please see these pages for the latest situation on any particular locomotive. Detailed reports on the condition of locomotives are given in Main Line, the quarterly magazine for members of Friends of the Great Central Main Line.. STEAM LOCOMOTIVES. ...
https://www.gcrailway.co.uk/the-railway/locomotives/
Locomotion facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Locomotion
Get information, facts, and pictures about Locomotion at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about Locomotion easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and dictionary.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/biology-general/locomotion
Effects of impaired visual acuity on locomotion inside the built environment. - Ulster UniversityEffects of impaired visual acuity on locomotion inside the built environment. - Ulster University
TY - GEN. T1 - Effects of impaired visual acuity on locomotion inside the built environment.. AU - Vivekanandaraja, P.. AU - Shields, J.. AU - Reinhardt-Rutland, Anthony. AU - Anderson, Roger. PY - 1999/11. Y1 - 1999/11. M3 - Other contribution. ER - ...
https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/effects-of-impaired-visual-acuity-on-locomotion-inside-the-built--3/
Testo Locomotion - Alexia | TestiCanzone.com ♬Testo Locomotion - Alexia | TestiCanzone.com ♬
Album: Unknown Testo della canzone Locomotion di Alexia Come on Come on do the locomotion with me Locomotion (Come on) You got the notion, Locomotion Do
https://www.testicanzone.com/testo-locomotion-alexia.html
Control of Locomotion in Annelids - Oxford HandbooksControl of Locomotion in Annelids - Oxford Handbooks
This article reviews the status of research on locomotion in segmented worms. It focuses on three major groups (leeches, earthworms, and nereid polychaetes) that have attracted the most research attention. All three groups show two types of locomotion: crawling (moving over a solid substrate) and swimming (moving through a liquid). The adults of all three groups form a hydroskeleton by controlling the pressure within the segments, and they locomote by controlling the shapes of the individual segments in coordinated spatial and temporal patterns. Many annelid larvae use cilia to move through water. Four aspects of the locomotory patterns are considered: the kinematics (the movement patterns), biomechanics (how muscle contractions produce movement), the neuronal basis of the movement patterns, and efforts to produce robots that move like annelid worms.
https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456757.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190456757-e-22?rskey=y7SGQj&result=18
Postural and respiratory activation of the trunk muscles changes with mode and speed of locomotion - Saunders PhysiotherapyPostural and respiratory activation of the trunk muscles changes with mode and speed of locomotion - Saunders Physiotherapy
Despite the importance of the deep intrinsic spinal muscles for trunk control, few studies have investigated their activity during human locomotion or how this may change with speed and mode of locomotion. Furthermore, it has not been determined whether the postural and respiratory functions, of which these muscles take part, can be coordinated when locomotor demands are increased. EMG recordings of abdominal and paraspinal muscles were made in seven healthy subjects using fine-wire and surface electrodes. Measurements were also made of respiration and gait parameters. Recordings were made for 10s as subjects walked on a treadmill at 1 and 2 ms(-1) and ran at 2, 3, 4 and 5 ms(-1). Unlike the superficial muscles, transversus abdominis was active tonically throughout the gait cycle with all tasks, except running at speeds of 3 ms(-1) and greater. All other muscles were recruited in a phasic manner. The relative duration of these bursts of activity was influenced by speed and/or mode of locomotion. ...
http://www.saundersphysiotherapy.com.au/blog/postural-and-respiratory-activation-of-the-trunk-muscles-changes-with-mode-and-speed-of-locomotion/
Pracownia Plastyczności Układu Nerwowo-mięśniowego
Górska T., Chojnicka-Gittins B., Majczyński H., Zmysłowski W. (2007)Overground locomotion after incomplete spinal lesions in the rat: quantitative gait analysis. J Neurotrauma 24: 1198-1218. Sanusi J., Sławińska U., Vrbova G., Navarrete R. (2007) Effect of precocious locomotor activity on the development of motoneurones and motor units of slow and fast muscles in rat. Behav Brain Res 178:1-9 Celichowski J. , Mrówczyński W., Krutki P., Górska T., Majczński H., Sławińska U. (2006) Changes of contractile properties of motor units in the rat medial gastrocnemius muscle after total transection of the spinal cord. Exp Physiol 91: 887-95. Majczyński H ., Cabaj A., Sławińska U., Górska T. (2006) Intrathecal administration of yohimbine impairs locomotion in intact rats. Behav Brain Res 175: 315-322. Majczyński H ., Maleszak K., Cabaj A. Sławińska U. (2005) Serotonin-related enhancement of recovery of hind limb motor functions in spinal rats after grafting of embryonic raphe nuclei. J ...
http://www1.nencki.gov.pl/pl/struktura/neurofizjologia/lab_06.html
The Modulatory Role of Caffeine and Other Adenosine Receptor Antagonists onto Spinal Locomotor Circuits: Evidence for its...The Modulatory Role of Caffeine and Other Adenosine Receptor Antagonists onto Spinal Locomotor Circuits: Evidence for its...
Locomotion is generally defined as any type of motor activity that animals use, including humans, to produce activity such as walking, running, swimming, jumping, flying, and gliding. In vertebrates, these activities are controlled by a complex neural network located in the spinal cord referred to as the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion. Spinal CPG adjustments, rely mostly on sensory motor stretch reflexes, which provides direct excitatory feedback to the motoneurons (MNs) innervating the muscle which has been stretched, and thus sending that information to the spinal interneurons for readjustments on movements or posture. After the loss of supraspinal brain/brainstem) inputs to the spinal cord via injury or disease, locomotion is entirely directed by the CPG and the sensory information coming from periphery. Within motor control systems, neuromodulators are necessary for proper and efficient CPG function because they induce or regulate essential components of spinal network ...
https://dire.upr.edu/handle/11721/1634
Rehabilitation of locomotion after spinal cord injury - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveRehabilitation of locomotion after spinal cord injury - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
Advances in our understanding of the control of locomotion enable us to optimize the rehabilitation of patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Based on various animal models, it is generally accepted that central pattern generators (CPG) exists for the rhythmic generation of stepping movements, and that this is also the case in humans. However, in humans supraspinal control is also essential for the performance of locomotion. For regaining locomotor function, incomplete SCI subjects strongly depend on visual input to compensate for proprioceptive deficits and impaired balance. In addition, they require additional attentional capacity to stand, walk and handle their walking aids. These factors might contribute to their higher risk of falling. During the last decade, task-specific functional training performed by physiotherapists, combined with manual or robotic assisted bodyweight supported treadmill training have improved the regaining of ambulatory function in patients with incomplete SCI. At ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/34697/
Frontiers | A 3D Musculo-Mechanical Model of the Salamander for the Study of Different Gaits and Modes of Locomotion |...Frontiers | A 3D Musculo-Mechanical Model of the Salamander for the Study of Different Gaits and Modes of Locomotion |...
Computer simulation has been used to investigate several aspectsof locomotion in salamanders. Here we introduce a three-dimensionalforward dynamics mechanical model of a salamander, with physicallyrealistic weight and size parameters. Movements of the four limbs and ofthe trunk and tail are generated by sets of linearly modeled skeletalmuscles. In this study, activation of these muscles were driven byprescribed neural output patterns. The model was successfully used tomimic locomotion on level ground and in water. We compare thewalking gait where a wave of activity in the axial muscles travelsbetween the girdles, with the trotting gait in simulations usingthe musculo-mechanical model. In a separate experiment, the model is usedto compare different strategies for turning while stepping; either bybending the trunk or by using side-stepping in the front legs. We foundthat for turning, the use of side-stepping alone or in combination withtrunk bending, was more effective than the use of trunk bending alone.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2010.00112/full
Utilization of granular solidification during terrestrial locomotion of hatchling sea turtles | Biology LettersUtilization of granular solidification during terrestrial locomotion of hatchling sea turtles | Biology Letters
Our results imply that speeds on sand and hard ground are similar, because for both treatments limbs do not slip during locomotion, stride length is constant and 〈vx〉 = sf. On hard ground, no-slip is maintained by a claw engaging irregularities. On sand, entirely different mechanics account for no-slip: in successful runs, material behind the flipper did not move during the thrust phase, supporting the hypothesis that the turtle advances via solidification of the material behind it.. Forward movement of the body on sand without slipping of the flipper requires that net thrust forces F thrust remain below the yield force of the granular medium, Fthrust , Fyield. We assume that the mechanics of the large front flipper (maintaining surface normal vector parallel to vx) produces the dominant contribution to Fthrust. Observation of the smaller hind limbs indicate that at initiation of stance, the foot remains plantar and above the surface during the entire step, presumably contributing to lifting ...
http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/3/398
Peptidergic modulation of locomotor behaviorPeptidergic modulation of locomotor behavior
The Drosophila tachykinin gene (dtk) produces five different neuropeptides (DTK1-5). These are expressed in about 100 interneurons branching in several neuropils in the Drosophila brain, e. g. the fan-shaped body (FB) of the central complex, a neuropil believed to be a higher center for locomotor control. Previously, DTKs have been shown to modulate locomotor behavior: flies virtually devoid of DTKs (accomplished by RNAi) displayed altered activity in Buridans arena, monitoring a 15 min period of walking activity between two opposing landmarks (Winther et al, 2006, Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 31: 399). In the present study we wanted to further explore the impact of DTKs on locomotor behavior. We studied the spontaneous walking activity of the fly, over a period of 7 hours, extracting several parameters from video-tracks using Ethovision software. We found that flies with DTK depletion in all DTK-neurons of the central nervous system (driving expression of the RNAi construct with the pan-neural ...
http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:186052
73 Class Locomotive73 Class Locomotive
NSWGR 73 CLASS LOCOMOTIVE PROTOTYPE OVERVIEW. With a need for new shunting motive power, the NSWGR decided in the late 1960 s to place an order with Walkers Limited (Maryborough, QLD) for fifty diesel hydraulic 73 Class locomotives. The class leader, 7301, entered service in October 1970. The last of the class, 7350, was delivered in March 1973. These locomotives were very similar in design to the DH Class that Walkers Limited had then recently built for Queensland Railways. In many instances, the 73 Class replaced the last surviving steam locomotives in NSW.. During their life in government ownership, members of the 73 Class were at various times based at Eveleigh (Sydney), Delec (Sydney), Yeerongpilly (Queensland), Goulburn, Port Kembla, Queanbeyan, South Grafton, Taree, Cootamundra, Albury, West Tamworth, Orange, Dubbo, Parkes, Lithgow and Broadmeadow (Newcastle). Metropolitan yards such as Sydney Yard and Darling Harbour would often have a number of the class at work simultaneously. Class ...
http://www.auscisionmodels.com.au/73%20Class%20Page.htm
visionlist] Funded PhD position in modelling biological neuro-muscular control in dynamic locomotion with a link to biorobotics...
FUNDED PHD POSITION IN MODELLING BIOLOGICAL NEURO-MUSCULAR CONTROL IN DYNAMIC LOCOMOTION WITH A LINK TO BIOROBOTICS (BIOMECHANICS / BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING / (BIO-)PHYSICS) We are currently seeking a highly motivated PHD STUDENT (F/M/D) WE OFFER a FUNDED RESEARCHER POSITION FOR 36 MONTHS in our project „Neuro-muscular contraction in dynamic locomotion. The project has a strong focus on basic research investigating the function of biological muscles in locomotion and how to transfer important characteristics to novel bio-inspired robotic systems. You will be part of an interdisciplinary multi-center research group with muscle physiology and biorobotics researchers in a team of at least three PhD students. Your contribution will be focused on modelling and simulation of neuro-muscular control. Your contract should start in the first half of 2021. Salary will be based on previous experience. ABOUT US You will become a member of the group /Multi-Level Modeling in Motor Control and Rehabilitation ...
https://visionscience.com/pipermail/visionlist_visionscience.com/2021/005212.html
Effects of Perturbations to Balance on Neuromechanics of Fast Changes in Direction during LocomotionEffects of Perturbations to Balance on Neuromechanics of Fast Changes in Direction during Locomotion
This study investigated whether the modular control of changes in direction while running is influenced by perturbations to balance. Twenty-two healthy men performed 90° side-step unperturbed cutting manoeuvres while running (UPT) as well as manoeuvres perturbed at initial contact (PTB, 10 cm translation of a moveable force platform). Surface EMG activity from 16 muscles of the supporting limb and trunk, kinematics, and ground reaction forces were recorded. Motor modules composed by muscle weightings and their respective activation signals were extracted from the EMG signals by non-negative matrix factorization. Knee joint moments, co-contraction ratios and co-contraction indexes (hamstrings/quadriceps) and motor modules were compared between UPT and PTB. Five motor modules were enough to reconstruct UPT and PTB EMG activity (variance accounted for UPT = 92±5%, PTB = 90±6%). Moreover, higher similarities between muscle weightings from UPT and PTB (similarity = 0.83±0.08) were observed in comparison
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0059029
Multi-Contact Bipedal Robotic LocomotionMulti-Contact Bipedal Robotic Locomotion
This paper presents a formal framework for achieving multi-contact bipedal robotic walking, and realizes this methodology experimentally on two robotic platforms: AMBER2 and ATRIAS. Inspired by the key feature encoded in human walking- multi-contact behavior-this approach begins with the analysis of human locomotion and uses it to motivate the construction of a hybrid system model representing a multi-contact robotic walking gait. Human-inspired outputs are extracted from reference locomotion data to characterize the human model or the SLIP model, and then employed to develop the human-inspired control and an optimization problem that yields stable multi-domain walking. Through a trajectory reconstruction strategy motivated by the process that generates the walking gait, the mathematical constructions are successfully translated to the two physical robots experimentally ...
https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/55697
Sports Injuries and the BrainSports Injuries and the Brain
Sports injuries are injuries resulting from sports activities. More broadly,these are all injuries sustained during a sporting activity,of which there are many. They include a potential TBI,or traumatic brain injury.. In the narrow sense,they represent injuries to the locomotor system,movement systems (muscles,tendons,ligaments,joints,bones). As in professional as well as in recreational sports,dominant injuries of the locomotor system are dominant,with sports injuries we mean locomotor system injuries.. Sports injuries are divided into acute and chronic.. 1) Acute sports injuries Acute injuries occur as a result of the immediate action of a strong force (movement or contact),which exceeds the compensatory capacity of our body and leads to mechanical damage to the tissue. The soft tissues (muscles,ligaments,tendons) of the locomotor system support your joints and prevent injury. They resist the force exerting on your body to a certain extent,after which soft tissue structure is disturbed ...
http://1800mascots.com/sports-injuries-and-the-brain/
Animal Locomotion: Series 1004, Plate 248 | National Museum of American HistoryAnimal Locomotion: Series 1004, Plate 248 | National Museum of American History
Before submitting a question, please visit Frequently Asked Questions. If you have something to share that would enrich our knowledge about this object, use the form below. After review, selected comments will appear on this page along with the name you provide.. Please note that we generally cannot answer questions about the history, rarity, or value of your personal artifacts.. If you require a personal response, please use our contact page. Personal information will not be shared or result in unsolicited email. We may use the provided email to contact you if we have additional questions. See our privacy statement. ...
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1904301
Animal Locomotion: Series 742, Plate 479 | National Museum of American HistoryAnimal Locomotion: Series 742, Plate 479 | National Museum of American History
Before submitting a question, please visit Frequently Asked Questions. If you have something to share that would enrich our knowledge about this object, use the form below. After review, selected comments will appear on this page along with the name you provide.. Please note that we generally cannot answer questions about the history, rarity, or value of your personal artifacts.. If you require a personal response, please use our contact page. Personal information will not be shared or result in unsolicited email. We may use the provided email to contact you if we have additional questions. See our privacy statement. ...
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1904449
Life sciences/Organismal biology/Animal locomotion | American Association for the Advancement of ScienceLife sciences/Organismal biology/Animal locomotion | American Association for the Advancement of Science
The iconic Arctic animals cant reduce their energy output enough to compensate when summer ice melt diminishes their food supply, new data suggest ...
https://www.aaas.org/disciplines/life-sciences/organismal-biology/animal-locomotion
2003.05481v3] Motion Planning for Quadrupedal Locomotion: Coupled Planning, Terrain Mapping and Whole-Body Control
Abstract: Planning whole-body motions while taking into account the terrain conditions is a challenging problem for legged robots since the terrain model might produce many local minima. Our coupled planning method uses stochastic and derivatives-free search to plan both foothold locations and horizontal motions due to the local minima produced by the terrain model. It jointly optimizes body motion, step duration and foothold selection, and it models the terrain as a cost-map. Due to the novel attitude planning method, the horizontal motion plans can be applied to various terrain conditions. The attitude planner ensures the robot stability by imposing limits to the angular acceleration. Our whole-body controller tracks compliantly trunk motions while avoiding slippage, as well as kinematic and torque limits. Despite the use of a simplified model, which is restricted to flat terrain, our approach shows remarkable capability to deal with a wide range of non-coplanar terrains. The results are ...
https://uk.arxiv.org/abs/2003.05481v3
Mark Witton.com Blog: March 2014Mark Witton.com Blog: March 2014
The preferred habitats and locomotory methods of goniopholidids are also worth pondering. There is some evidence that larger Wealden goniopholidids were mostly confined to a semi-aquatic existence, as their interlocking osteoderms likely strengthened their backs and improved terrestrial competency (as it does for atoposaurids and several other type of ancient crocodyliform), but their sheer weight likely impeded terrestrial locomotion over sustained periods (Salisbury and Frey 2000). The same is true of large modern crocodiles: here, reinforced vertebral joints perform a similar job to osteoderm bracing but still fail to facilitate effective, fast terrestrial locomotion for long periods. Larger crocodilians therefore spend much of their time in water, and certainly find most of their food there. If so, this makes the atypically long forelimbs of goniopholidids all the more interesting. Often, development of relatively equate limb lengths in quadrupeds is considered a sign of good terrestrial ...
http://markwitton-com.blogspot.hr/2014/03/
A bioinspired autonomous swimming robot as a tool for studying goal-directed locomotion<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A bioinspired autonomous swimming robot as a tool for studying goal-directed locomotion. AU - Manfredi, L.. AU - Assaf, T.. AU - Mintchev, S.. AU - Marrazza, S.. AU - Capantini, L.. AU - Orofino, S.. AU - Ascari, L.. AU - Grillner, S.. AU - Wallén, P.. AU - Ekeberg, O.. AU - Stefanini, C.. AU - Dario, P.. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - The bioinspired approach has been key in combining the disciplines of robotics with neuroscience in an effective and promising fashion. Indeed, certain aspects in the field of neuroscience, such as goal-directed locomotion and behaviour selection, can be validated through robotic artefacts. In particular, swimming is a functionally important behaviour where neuromuscular structures, neural control architecture and operation can be replicated artificially following models from biology and neuroscience. In this article, we present a biomimetic system inspired by the lamprey, an early vertebrate that locomotes using anguilliform swimming. The artefact ...
https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/a-bioinspired-autonomous-swimming-robot-as-a-tool-for-studying-go
Bipedalism - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBipedalism - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bipedalism is a form of movement on the ground. Some tetrapods have evolved the ability to move on two limbs. Those that do, use their rear limbs. Some animals move on two limbs all the time, they are called habitual bipeds. Optional bipeds can move on two or four legs. Early quadruped animals used all four limbs for locomotion but many later ones are bipedal. The earliest dinosaurs were bipedal but millions of years later some reverted and became quadrupeds. Birds are descendants of bipedal dinosaurs, and are bipeds themselves. Their forelimbs have become wings. Some optional bipeds stand on two legs to drive away competitors and predators, to see farther, or as body language. Their locomotion is on four limbs. ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipedal
Phenotypic plasticity of locomotion performance in the seed harvester Messor capensis (Formicidae)Phenotypic plasticity of locomotion performance in the seed harvester Messor capensis (Formicidae)
Temperature dependence, energetics, and speed of locomotion have important implications for the ecology and evolution of ants. Here, we report the results of a full-factorial study investigating the responses of active metabolic rate (AMR), voluntary locomotion speed, and cost of transport (COT) to …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20367320/?dopt=Abstract
Advancing towards smart endoscopy with specific electronics to enable locomotion and focusing capabilities in a wireless...Advancing towards smart endoscopy with specific electronics to enable locomotion and focusing capabilities in a wireless...
The paper reports the electronics used in a new developed wireless endoscopic capsule provided with novel focus and locomotion features. The locomotion is
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5372047/?reload=true&arnumber=5372047&contentType=Conference+Publications
Locomotion Laminates - GreenlamLocomotion Laminates - Greenlam
Buy Locomotion Laminates - Greenlam Laminates from Greenlam to decorate your space. Install Locomotion Laminates sheets at your home for the modern look.
https://www.greenlam.com/colombia_spanish/locomotion
Locomotion Laminates - GreenlamLocomotion Laminates - Greenlam
Buy Locomotion Laminates - Greenlam Laminates from Greenlam to decorate your space. Install Locomotion Laminate sheets at your home for the modern look.
https://www.greenlam.com/china/locomotion-10124
Publications | Dynamic Locomotion - Max Planck Institute for Intelligent SystemsPublications | Dynamic Locomotion - Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
We conduct research to understand neurocontrol and mechanical principles of dynamic legged locomotion in animals, by designing and applying running legged robots and their computational models.
http://dlg.is.mpg.de/publications?year%5B%5D=2020&year%5B%5D=2014&year%5B%5D=2017
Motor modules linear units with spindle drive: 3D models of the ISEL catalog - SOLIDWORKS, Inventor, CATIA V5, AutoCAD, STEP,...Motor modules linear units with spindle drive: 3D models of the ISEL catalog - SOLIDWORKS, Inventor, CATIA V5, AutoCAD, STEP,...
Motor modules linear units with spindle drive CAD файлове в 2D и 3D от утвърдени от доставчика каталози
https://www.traceparts.com/els/isel/bg/search/isel-mechanics-linear-units-linear-units-with-spindle-drives-motor-modules-linear-units-with-spindle-drive?CatalogPath=ISEL%3AISEL.1.2.6.3.4
Locomotion of Expressions: Lovemode clubwear giveaway ends 6/21 noon ***CLOSED!***Locomotion of Expressions: Lovemode clubwear giveaway ends 6/21 noon ***CLOSED!***
Reviewers on Locomotion of Expressions are sent a complimentary item in exchange for their honest opinions and receiving a free product does not influence their review posts. All opinions and thoughts are their own, and different people may have different outcomes. We are not responsible for those who purchase these items and experience different results. Occasionally, the company provides a product to give away as well as monetary compensation. Even on the rare occasion on which a post is sponsored, it still has the reviewers honest opinion contained herein. ...
http://1caseycolette.blogspot.com/2011/06/lovemode-clubwear-giveaway.html?showComment=1307676510346
Locomotion of Expressions: Lovemode clubwear giveaway ends 6/21 noon ***CLOSED!***Locomotion of Expressions: Lovemode clubwear giveaway ends 6/21 noon ***CLOSED!***
Reviewers on Locomotion of Expressions are sent a complimentary item in exchange for their honest opinions and receiving a free product does not influence their review posts. All opinions and thoughts are their own, and different people may have different outcomes. We are not responsible for those who purchase these items and experience different results. Occasionally, the company provides a product to give away as well as monetary compensation. Even on the rare occasion on which a post is sponsored, it still has the reviewers honest opinion contained herein. ...
http://1caseycolette.blogspot.com/2011/06/lovemode-clubwear-giveaway.html?showComment=1307584145362
Single molecule analysis of motors moving on RNASingle molecule analysis of motors moving on RNA
We are using single molecule fluorescence techniques to monitor movements of molecular motors moving on RNA. First, I will present our recent finding that a cytosolic viral RNA sensor RIG-I (Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene 1) is a translocase on double stran
http://www.jbsdonline.com/single-molecule-analysis-motors-moving-rna-p17358.html
NBA | Update: Clippers moving on without Doc Rivers - Rotoworld.comNBA | Update: Clippers moving on without Doc Rivers - Rotoworld.com
Update: Clippers moving on without Doc Rivers If you play fantasy sports, get breaking news and immerse yourself in the ultimate fan experience.
http://www.rotoworld.com/headlines/nba/210047/update-clippers-moving-on-without-doc-rivers
Plus itPlus it
A large number of aminergic and peptidergic modulatory systems and metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B and glutamate receptors are present in the lamprey central nervous system. These systems tune the activity of the locomotor network to meet varying external and internal demands. Immunohistochemical studies have shown cells below the central canal that are immunoreactive to 5-HT, dopamine, and tachykinins. They give rise to a dense ventromedial plexus in which the dendrites of locomotor network neurons are distributed. In this plexus, modulators are released in a paracrinic fashion because these cells do not form conventional synaptic contacts with dendrites of spinal neurons. The frequency of the locomotor bursts is reduced by blocking the reuptake of either 5-HT or dopamine during fictive locomotion (Fig. 2D⇑) (5, 11). Similarly, exogenous application of these modulators also reduces the locomotor frequency. Through activation of 5-HT1A-like receptors, 5-HT blocks KCa channels ...
http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/content/15/4/186
A Veterinarians Take: January 2014A Veterinarians Take: January 2014
Horses evolved in the Northern Hemispheres northern latitudes and are well adapted to cold provided they live in a herd, have 24/7 appropriate forage and fresh water (although it is reported horses can live on certain snows, dont try this at home), and move a lot through the day. Place your feeders so the horses have to move about to eat, and never let the forage disappear completely, please. Movement is the nature of the horse. Heavy horses require more movement rather than less hay. Keep your ponies moving to keep them warm and healthy. Digestion is dependent on locomotion. Mobile horses require miles of walking each and every day to maintain optimal health. Humans often fail their horses by depriving them of the abundant locomotion they require each day to stay healthy. Every system of the horse is dependent on abundant daily locomotion ...
https://sidgustafson.blogspot.com/2014/01/
LocomotionLocomotion
Robot locomotion, of man-made devices Aquatic locomotion Flight Locomotion in space Terrestrial locomotion Animal locomotion ... Microswimmer Protist locomotion, locomotion of unicellular eukaryotes Bacterial motility Loco Motion (Youth Group), a film and ... Locomotion means the act or ability of something to transport or move itself from place to place. Locomotion may refer to: ... "Locomotion", a 1984 pop song by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark "Locomotion", a song on John Coltrane's 1958 hard bop album ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion
Rectilinear locomotionRectilinear locomotion
... or rectilinear progression is a mode of locomotion most often associated with snakes. In particular, it ... the snake flexes its body only when turning in rectilinear locomotion. Rectilinear locomotion relies upon two opposing muscles ... This method of locomotion is extremely slow (between 0.01-0.06 m/s (0.033-0.197 ft/s)), but is also almost noiseless and very ... Rectilinear locomotion may also be useful after snakes eat. Snakes have more difficulty bending their spines after consuming ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectilinear_locomotion
Chattanooga LocomotionChattanooga Locomotion
The Chattanooga Locomotion was a team in the Independent Women's Football League based in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Home games ... Before the first game of the 2007 Season, the Locomotion also lost Jeff Ellis, an important member of the team performing many ... ISBN 978-0-9970637-0-7. Chattanooga Locomotion official website IWFL official website v t e v t e (Pages using infobox sports ... From their inception in 2001 until 2008, the Locomotion played in the National Women's Football Association. Schandra "Sunshine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga_Locomotion
Reflex locomotionReflex locomotion
... , usually referred to as the Vojta method, is the technique for the treatment of physical and mental ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex_locomotion
Aquatic locomotionAquatic locomotion
Animal locomotion Aquatic Fish fin Locomotion in space Robot locomotion Role of skin in locomotion Terrestrial locomotion ... This locomotion is used as a means to escape predators such as starfish. Afterwards, the shell acts as a hydrofoil to ... Anguilliform locomotion is usually seen in fish with long, slender bodies like eels, lampreys, oarfish, and a number of catfish ... Aquatic locomotion or swimming is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium. The simplest propulsive systems are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_locomotion
Spinal locomotionSpinal locomotion
It is important to note that inputs from the hip appear to play a critical role in spinal locomotion. Experiments on spinal ... Spinal locomotion results from intricate dynamic interactions between a central program in lower thoracolumbar spine and ... On the initiation of the swing phase of locomotion in chronic spinal cats. Brain Research. 146, 269-277. Pearson, K.G., ... The effect of dorsal root transection on the efferent motor pattern in the cat's hindlimb during locomotion. Acta Physiologica ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_locomotion
Terrestrial locomotionTerrestrial locomotion
... locomotion Aquatic locomotion Comparative foot morphology Locomotion in space Robot locomotion Role of skin in locomotion ... This mode of locomotion requires these irregularities to function. Another form of locomotion, rectilinear locomotion, is used ... Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Locomotion on land raises ... Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_locomotion
Animal locomotionAnimal locomotion
Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. Some animals may only scale trees occasionally, while others are ... The energetics of locomotion involves the energy expenditure by animals in moving. Energy consumed in locomotion is not ... A relatively few animals use five limbs for locomotion. Prehensile quadrupeds may use their tail to assist in locomotion and ... mode of locomotion. A few modern mammalian species are habitual bipeds, i.e., whose normal method of locomotion is two-legged. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_locomotion
Locomotion MuseumLocomotion Museum
Locomotion, previously known as Locomotion the National Railway Museum at Shildon, is a railway museum in Shildon, County ... "Locomotion Reaches 2.5M Visitor Milestone". Retrieved 22 July 2022. "Prime Minister opens Shildon Locomotion museum" The ... Locomotion. Retrieved 8 February 2020. "WATCH: Locomotion No 1 arrives in Shildon". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 15 May 2021. " ... Locomotion was shortlisted as one of the final five contenders in the Gulbenkian Prize, which is the largest arts prize in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion_Museum
Batoid locomotionBatoid locomotion
This style of locomotion is known as punting and is very similar to walking as the force appears to be generated from direct ... Benthic rays rely entirely on rajiform locomotion. Another difference between the two is the role of the tail. Skates have ... Koester, David M.; Spirito, Carl P. (2003). "Punting: An Unusual Mode of Locomotion in the Little Skate, Leucoraja erinacea ( ... This distinctive morphology has resulted in several unique forms of locomotion. Most Batoids exhibit median paired fin swimming ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batoid_locomotion
Locomotion (periodical)Locomotion (periodical)
List of railroad-related periodicals Title page Locomotion Issue 2 v t e v t e (Use dmy dates from July 2019, Rail transport ... Locomotion is a railway-related magazine published irregularly in Australia by the Australian Railway Historical Society, New ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion_(periodical)
Robot locomotionRobot locomotion
Look up robot locomotion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Robot Locomotion (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, ... Robot locomotion is the collective name for the various methods that robots use to transport themselves from place to place. ... Autonomous robot locomotion is a major technological obstacle for many areas of robotics, such as humanoids (like Honda's Asimo ... A detailed study of the anatomy of this organism provides some detail about the mechanisms for locomotion. The hind legs of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot_locomotion
Arboreal locomotionArboreal locomotion
During locomotion on the ground, the location of the center of mass may swing from side to side. But during arboreal locomotion ... Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move ... Cartmill, M. (1974). Pads and claws in arboreal locomotion. In Primate Locomotion, (ed. F. A. J. Jenkins), pp. 45-83. New York ... Only a few species are brachiators, and all of these are primates; it is a major means of locomotion among spider monkeys and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboreal_locomotion
Undulatory locomotionUndulatory locomotion
Animal locomotion Aquatic locomotion Locomotion in space Locomotive Robot locomotion Terrestrial locomotion Guo, Z. V.; ... In limbless locomotion, forward locomotion is generated by propagating flexural waves along the length of the animal's body. ... Terrestrial Locomotion: EMG recordings show a longer absolute duration and duty cycle of muscle activity during locomotion on ... However, while this pattern is characteristic of undulatory locomotion, it too can vary with environment. Aquatic Locomotion: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undulatory_locomotion
Arachnid locomotionArachnid locomotion
Arachnid Bowerman, Robert F. (1981). "Arachnid Locomotion". In Herreid, Clyde F.; Fourtner, Charles R. (eds.). Locomotion and ... Arachnid locomotion is the various means by which arachnids walk, run, or jump; they make use of more than muscle contraction, ... Hydraulic locomotion in arachnids has acted as an inspiration for many modern biomimetic concepts in robotics intended for use ... In larger variants of arachnids, such as the tarantulas and hairy desert spiders, another mechanism used for locomotion is an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnid_locomotion
Fish locomotionFish locomotion
... is the various types of animal locomotion used by fish, principally by swimming. This is achieved in different ... Aquatic locomotion Microswimmer Role of skin in locomotion - Use of the integumentary system in animal movement Tradeoffs for ... Pelagic stingrays, such as the manta, cownose, eagle and bat rays use oscillatory locomotion. In tetraodontiform locomotion, ... evolution and biophysics Undulatory locomotion Breder, CM (1926). "The locomotion of fishes". Zoologica. 4: 159-297. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_locomotion
Protist locomotionProtist locomotion
Active locomotion, targeting and steering of concentrated therapeutic and diagnostic agents embedded in mobile microrobots to ... Aquatic locomotion Bacterial motility Cytoskeleton Spirostomum Squirmer Vorticella Hinchliff, Cody E.; Smith, Stephen A.; ... Flagella attached to the same body might follow different beating patterns, leading to a complex locomotion strategy that often ... Jahn, T. L.; Votta, J. J. (1972). "Locomotion of Protozoa". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 4: 93-116. Bibcode:1972AnRFM...4 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protist_locomotion
The Locomotion InterruptionThe Locomotion Interruption
"The Locomotion Interruption" at CBS.com "The Locomotion Interruption" at IMDb (CS1 maint: url-status, Articles with short ... "The Locomotion Interruption" is the first episode of the eighth season of The Big Bang Theory, which first aired on CBS on ... In "The Locomotion Interruption", Sheldon returns to Pasadena, Penny has a job interview for a pharmaceutical sales position, ... The filming of "The Locomotion Interruption" was originally supposed to begin on July 31, 2014, but it was delayed due to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Locomotion_Interruption
The Loco-MotionThe Loco-Motion
"The Loco-Motion" (Remix) "The Loco-Motion" (The Sankie Mix) "The Loco-Motion" (Alternative Sankie Mix) "The Loco-Motion" (12- ... "Locomotion" (Australian version) "Locomotion" "Locomotion" (Chugga-Motion Mix) "Locomotion" (The Girl Meets Boy Mix) "Getting ... " "The Loco-Motion" "The Loco-Motion" (7-inch mix) "The Loco-Motion" (The Kohaku Mix) "The Loco-Motion" (7-inch instrumental) ( ... "The Loco-motion" (Kohaku Mix) - 5:59 "The Loco-motion" (Sankie Mix) - 6:35 "The Loco-motion" (LP version) - 3:17 "I'll Still Be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Loco-Motion
Locomotion in spaceLocomotion in space
Locomotion in these conditions is different from locomotion in a gravitational field. There are many factors that contribute to ... gait transitions and the mechanics of locomotion, which means that the kinematics of locomotion in space need to be studied in ... Locomotion in space includes all actions or methods used to move one's body in microgravity conditions through the outer space ... When locomotion is studied in space, these same relations do not always apply. For example, the inverted pendulum model for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion_in_space
Chris Sawyers LocomotionChris Sawyer's Locomotion
... is a video game by independent game developer Chris Sawyer from 2004. According to Sawyer, it is the ... Locomotion was developed by game developer Chris Sawyer as "spiritual successor to Transport Tycoon". The game was published ... Some people have used special programs to convert Microsoft Train Simulator rolling stock for use in Locomotion. Early on in ... In 2013, an Android and iOS version of Transport Tycoon was released, primarily based on Locomotion. On March 17, 2015, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Sawyer's_Locomotion
Locomotion (TV channel)Locomotion (TV channel)
The "Locomotion" was shown left of the "circle" in an Italicized font. This was used from 1999 to May 2002. Locomotion's third ... Thanks to Locomotion, groups like Boeing and Miranda! began their career, today being recognized by MTV. Locomotion had a 30 ... Locomotion's first logo resembled a red head with a "Loco" on its face (the "O"s being in where the eyes are, the "L" being in ... Locomotion was also dedicated to showing works of experimental animation from all over the world throughout the day on-air and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion_(TV_channel)
Locomotion No. 1Locomotion No. 1
Locomotion Trust. OCLC 504762380. Lloyd, Chris (11 March 2021). "Darlington to have replica Locomotion No 1 on display". The ... It is presently at the Locomotion museum in Shildon. A working replica of Locomotion has also been built and following years of ... 1". Locomotion. Science Museum Group. 5 March 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021. Satow, F. (1976). Locomotion : concept to creation ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Locomotion No.1. Darlington Railway Centre and Museum Photograph of Locomotion at the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion_No._1
Fin and flipper locomotionFin and flipper locomotion
... occurs mostly in aquatic locomotion, and rarely in terrestrial locomotion. From the three common ... Animal locomotion Kinematics Terrestrial locomotion Flammang, B.E. and Lauder, G.V. 2008. Caudal fin shape modulation and ... Aquatic locomotion consists of swimming, whereas terrestrial locomotion encompasses walking, 'crutching', jumping, digging as ... mostly fresh or saltwater and used in locomotion, steering and balancing of the body. Locomotion is important in order to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin_and_flipper_locomotion
Loco-Motion (video game)Loco-Motion (video game)
"Loco-Motion". IntellvisionLives.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-11. Crazy Train at Generation-MSX Loco-Motion ... Wayback Machine IntellivisionLives.com Loco-Motion at the Killer List of Videogames Technical information on Loco-Motion Loco-Motion ... Loco-Motion, known as Guttang Gottong in Japan, is an arcade puzzle game developed by Konami in 1982 and released by Sega in ... In Loco-Motion, the player builds a path for their unstoppable locomotive by moving tracks which will allow it to pick up ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loco-Motion_(video_game)
Study of animal locomotionStudy of animal locomotion
Legged locomotion is a dominant form of terrestrial locomotion, the movement on land. The motion of limbs is quantified by ... In animal locomotion, kinematics is used to describe the motion of the body and limbs of an animal. The goal is ultimately to ... Aerial locomotion is a form of movement used by many organisms and is typically powered by at least one pair of wings. Some ... During legged locomotion, an animal flexes and extends its joints in an oscillatory manner, creating a joint angle pattern that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_of_animal_locomotion
Loco Motion (Youth Group)Loco Motion (Youth Group)
Loco Motion is a youth film and media group based in Basildon, Essex. The club was created and launched in 2004, and is now a ... Youth members of Loco Motion applied to Essex County Council's Youth Capital Fund and received £20,000 to complete the ... In 2007, Loco Motion has been supporting Woodlands School to expand its specialist performing arts status into the local ... Loco Motion has formed partnerships with many other organisations, including Woodlands School, Essex, The Basildon District ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loco_Motion_(Youth_Group)
Cutaneous reflex in human locomotionCutaneous reflex in human locomotion
Cutaneous, superficial, or skin reflexes, are activated by skin receptors and play a valuable role in locomotion, providing ... In addition to the role in normal locomotion, cutaneous reflexes are being studied for their potential in enhancing ... Video example of the Stumble Response in NYC Gait Analysis Interlimb Coordination of Locomotion Upper limb reflexes in ... The major muscles impacted involve four (4) motions important to locomotion: Thigh muscles responding to cutaneous reflex Lower ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_reflex_in_human_locomotion
Center of pressure (terrestrial locomotion)Center of pressure (terrestrial locomotion)
In biomechanics, center of pressure (CoP) is the term given to the point of application of the ground reaction force vector. The ground reaction force vector represents the sum of all forces acting between a physical object and its supporting surface. Analysis of the center of pressure is common in studies on human postural control and gait. It is thought that changes in motor control may be reflected in changes in the center of pressure. In biomechanical studies, the effect of some experimental condition on movement execution will regularly be quantified by alterations in the center of pressure. The center of pressure is not a static outcome measure. For instance, during human walking, the center of pressure is near the heel at the time of heelstrike and moves anteriorly throughout the step, being located near the toes at toe-off. For this reason, analysis of the center of pressure will need to take into account the dynamic nature of the signal. In the scientific literature various methods for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_pressure_(terrestrial_locomotion)
CDC - Mining - Locomotion in Restricted space: Kinematic and Electromyograp!! - NIOSHCDC - Mining - Locomotion in Restricted space: Kinematic and Electromyograp!! - NIOSH
Mining Publication: Locomotion in Restricted space: Kinematic and Electromyographic Analysis of Stoopwalking and Crawling. ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet878.html
Locomotion Graphics, Modifications & Tools - Transport Tycoon ForumsLocomotion Graphics, Modifications & Tools - Transport Tycoon Forums
WIP/REL Locomotion Night Mode V1.3 by Zeak and Martin1990 Last post by griffinrails « 05 Feb 2022 20:45. ... is there a way to download mods from owens locomotion depot without using a .exe file? Last post by griffinrails « 14 May 2022 ... Locomotion Tools and their usage guides (Old stickies) Last post by christiaan9585 « 18 Aug 2010 15:27. ... Locomotion Graphics, Modifications & Tools. Discuss, get help with, or post new modifications, graphics or related tools for ...
https://www.tt-forums.net/viewforum.php?f=40
RhymeZone: arboreal locomotion synonymsRhymeZone: arboreal locomotion synonyms
Find more synonyms for arboreal_locomotion there.. Help Advanced Feedback iPhone/iPad Android API @RhymeZoneCom Blog Privacy ...
https://www.rhymezone.com/r/rhyme.cgi?Word=arboreal_locomotion&org1=syl&org2=l&org3=y&typeofrhyme=syn
Human and robot locomotionHuman and robot locomotion
Leaping Locomotion by an Insect-parasitic Nematode | NatureLeaping Locomotion by an Insect-parasitic Nematode | Nature
REED, E., WALLACE, H. Leaping Locomotion by an Insect-parasitic Nematode. Nature 206, 210-211 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1038/ ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/206210a0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=37fd6a59-66e0-4fe3-988b-f0c069e073e6
Browsing by Subject LocomotionBrowsing by Subject "Locomotion"
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Locomotion&type=mesh
Engineers Study Tails for Robot Locomotion - ASMEEngineers Study Tails for Robot Locomotion - ASME
Studies of animal locomotion and robots in the laboratory indicate that leaving out tails has been a design drawback. In fact, ... The second is to build the quadruped robot hardware and to develop dynamic locomotion algorithms for the R3RT case.. Simplified ... For instance, we have used the R3RT to study how tails are used to assist locomotion when the ground contact cannot be ... This would enable a new type of robot locomotion where the tail would carry the burden of stabilization and maneuvering while ...
https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/engineers-could-put-tails-on-robots
Words about Locomotion: OneLook Thesaurus and Reverse DictionaryWords about Locomotion: OneLook Thesaurus and Reverse Dictionary
Concept clusters in the subject Locomotion (Back). Air Alley Amusement rides Armed Armored fighting vehicle Armour Arrow ...
https://onelook.com/thesaurus/?subject=Locomotion&subjectid=33
Light-driven locomotion of liquid crystal gel | EurekAlert!Light-driven locomotion of liquid crystal gel | EurekAlert!
The locomotion of soft-bodied aquatic organisms, such as sea slugs and snails, has inspired efforts to develop soft-bodied ... Light-driven locomotion of liquid crystal gels Peer-Reviewed Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... Light-driven locomotion of liquid crystal gels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... Article #19-17952: "Bioinspired underwater locomotion of light-driven liquid crystal gels," by Hamed Shahsavan et al. ...
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/867362
Animal Locomotion. Plate 673. | National Museum of American HistoryAnimal Locomotion. Plate 673. | National Museum of American History
Our collection database is a work in progress. We may update this record based on further research and review. Learn more about our approach to sharing our collection online.. If you would like to know how you can use content on this page, see the Smithsonians Terms of Use. If you need to request an image for publication or other use, please visit Rights and Reproductions.. ...
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1892208
VR True Locomotion in Blueprints - UE MarketplaceVR True Locomotion in Blueprints - UE Marketplace
... hands-free VR locomotion including movement, turning, straffing, and jumping. Also includes thumbstick movement mode. Now ... Hands-Free Locomotion Description:. VR True Locomotion (VRTL) uses HMD rotation information move the player character, allowing ... Consider VR True Locomotion to improve accessibility in VR experiences.. Its hands-free, and can be used seated or standing. ... VR-READYLOCOMOTIONBLUEPRINTSOCULUSMOVEMENTVIRTUALREALITYCONTINUOUS MOVEMENTMOTIONCHARACTER MOVEMENTTRAVERSALTRAVERSEVIRTUAL ...
https://www.unrealengine.com/marketplace/en-US/product/vr-true-locomotion
Volumetric Imaging of Fish Locomotion - Harvard GazetteVolumetric Imaging of Fish Locomotion - Harvard Gazette
The CoLBeRT (Controlling Locomotion and Behavior in Real Time) system for optical control of freely moving animals, in this ...
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/01/observe-and-record-the-wake-of-the-fish/
Locomotion FindingsLocomotion Findings
Equine locomotion researchers - who study how a horse moves and how the various parts of its body work together - have ... KEYWORDS carpal joint equine locomotion experiment higher toe angles Hilary Clayton hoof wall locomotion track surfaces Willem ... Locomotion Findings. November 1, 2005 , Posted in Anatomy, Shoeing, Trimming 40 conclusions drawn by motion researchers that ... Equine locomotion researchers - who study how a horse moves and how the various parts of its body work together - have ...
https://www.americanfarriers.com/articles/6226-locomotion-findings?v=preview
The Faculty Lounge: The Loco-Motion
The Loco-Motion. The Loco-Motion was written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. Originally intended for Dee Dee Sharp, who turned ... it down, it became a #1 hit for Little Eva (who had been Goffin and Kings babysitter). Uniquely, The Loco-Motion was a top ...
https://www.thefacultylounge.org/2018/11/the-loco-motion.html
Legged locomotion Archives - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (TBME)Legged locomotion Archives - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (TBME)
Understanding how the human brain controls locomotion is a considerable neuroscience challenge that has required advancements ...
https://www.embs.org/tbme/articles/tag/legged-locomotion/
Quantifying locomotion in rats using CatWalk | NoldusQuantifying locomotion in rats using CatWalk | Noldus
Quantifying locomotion in rats using CatWalk XT. Posted by Noldus Team on Tue 29 Mar. 2022 - 4 minute read ... the CatWalk XT is helping researchers worldwide to rapidly obtain accurate and objective data on locomotion in rats and mice. ... enabling researchers to easily quantify footfalls and locomotion in rats and mice. ...
https://www.noldus.com/blog/quantifying-locomotion-in-rats-using-catwalk
Locomotion Beginners - Transport Tycoon ForumsLocomotion Beginners - Transport Tycoon Forums
Locomotion Beginners. Are you a beginner with Locomotion? Learn the basics here. ... Locomotion Gameplay Guides (Old stickies) Last post by Badger « 30 Jun 2010 13:51. ... Tutorial: How to use the Locomotion tools, Last post by Greyfox « 21 Aug 2014 00:11. ...
https://www.tt-forums.net/viewforum.php?f=38
Loco-Motion (The) | Carole KingLoco-Motion (The) | Carole King
Come on, come on, do the locomotion with me. Move around the floor in a locomotion. Come on baby do the locomotion. Do it ... Come on, baby, do the locomotion. I know youll get to like it if you give it a chance now. Come on, baby, do the locomotion ... Come on baby do the locomotion. Chug-a chug-a motion like a railroad train now. Come on baby do the locomotion ... Loco-Motion (The) Album: Beyond The Valley of Dimension Dolls: Girls Will Be Girls, Vol. 2 ...
https://www.caroleking.com/discography/beyond-valley-dimension-dolls-girls-will-be-girls-vol-2/loco-motion
PDF] The Role of octopamine and tyramine in Drosophila larval locomotion | Semantic ScholarPDF] The Role of octopamine and tyramine in Drosophila larval locomotion | Semantic Scholar
The two biogenic amines octopamine and tyramine have recently been shown to modulate various parameters of locomotion, such as ... Given various potential roles of octopamine and tyramine in the larval brain, such as locomotion, learning and memory, stress‐ ... we dissect here for the first time a subset of this complex circuit that modulates specifically larval locomotion. Thus, these ... and by genetic interference with both systems we confirm that signaling of these two amines is necessary for larval locomotion ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Role-of-octopamine-and-tyramine-in-Drosophila-Selcho-Pauls/f688e0b0bea034cd2d34963aac6cda488bc4aaac
RRC: Rhino Pictures about: Behaviour - Locomotion
The Rhino Resource Center is committed to assisting research and conservation of the rhinoceros worldwide by collecting all publications and maintaining archives.
http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/images/Behaviour/Locomotion/s2_43/year/desc/1.php
Dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex controls genotype-dependent effects of amphetamine on mesoaccumbens dopamine release...Dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex controls genotype-dependent effects of amphetamine on mesoaccumbens dopamine release...
... medial prefrontal cortex controls genotype-dependent effects of amphetamine on mesoaccumbens dopamine release and locomotion ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12968132/?dopt=Abstract
The Locomotion by Little Eva on Amazon Music Unlimited
Listen to your favorite songs from The Locomotion by Little Eva Now. Stream ad-free with Amazon Music Unlimited on mobile, ...
https://music.amazon.com/albums/B073QKH8WW?trackAsin=B073QK74FZ
Synchronous multi-segmental activity between metachronal waves controls locomotion speed in Drosophila larvae | bioRxivSynchronous multi-segmental activity between metachronal waves controls locomotion speed in Drosophila larvae | bioRxiv
The ability to adjust the speed of locomotion is essential for survival. In limbed animals, the frequency of locomotion is ... Synchronous multi-segmental activity between metachronal waves controls locomotion speed in Drosophila larvae. Yingtao Liu, Eri ... Here, we report a neural circuit controlling a similarly selective adjustment of locomotion frequency in Drosophila larvae. ... We find that larvae adjust the frequency of locomotion mostly by varying the time between consecutive contraction waves, ...
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507222v1
Motor-sensory cortex-corticospinal system and developing locomotion and placing in rats
Ablation of the MSC at birth revealed that while the MSC-CST was not essential for ordinary locomotion on flat terrain, its ... Motor-sensory cortex-corticospinal system and developing locomotion and placing in rats. Hicks, Samuel P.; DAmato, Constance J ... Hicks, Samuel P.; DAmato, Constance J. (1975)."Motor-sensory cortex-corticospinal system and developing locomotion and placing ... coinciding approximately with the normal mid-third week transition from infantile to mature locomotion. ...
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/49673
The Black Dynamites CD: Live At The Locomotion (CD) - Bear Family RecordsThe Black Dynamites CD: Live At The Locomotion (CD) - Bear Family Records
Artikeleigenschaften vonThe Black Dynamites: Live At The Locomotion (CD). *. Interpret: The Black Dynamites. ...
https://www.bear-family.de/black-dynamites-the-live-at-the-locomotion-cd.html
Morphology based Locomotion Controller for Modular Robots
Re: Morphology based Locomotion Controller for Modular Robots « Reply #1 on: October 23, 2015, 05:25:10 AM » ... Morphology based Locomotion Controller for Modular Robots « on: October 22, 2015, 01:31:44 PM » ... Morphology based Locomotion Controller for Modular Robots. Masters thesis, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, ... In this work, emergence of coordination for locomotion in modular robots, through indirect communication among modules is being ...
https://www.societyofrobots.com/robotforum/index.php?topic=18324.0
Memorable Moments at Locomotion - This is DurhamMemorable Moments at Locomotion - This is Durham
Get up close to the original Locomotion No. 1, the first locomotive in the world to pull a passenger train - a journey that ... Enjoy memorable moments that will last a lifetime at Locomotion, a museum home to historic railway vehicles and engines, found ...
https://www.thisisdurham.com/blog/read/2022/10/memorable-moments-at-locomotion-b400
Locomotion & Flow Drills - AgatsuLocomotion & Flow Drills - Agatsu
Locomotion Drills are an excellent way to teach your yourself and your body to move in new directions. They also provide one of ... Locomotion & Flow Drills. Posted on March 14, 2014. April 5, 2019. by Sophie ...
https://www.agatsu.com/online-training/lessons/locomotion-drills/
GRASP Seminar: Andy Ruina, Cornell University Bipedal Locomotion - GRASP LabGRASP Seminar: Andy Ruina, Cornell University 'Bipedal Locomotion' - GRASP Lab
GRASP Seminar: Andy Ruina, Cornell University "Bipedal Locomotion". November 19, 2007 @ 2:00 pm - 3:00 pm. ...
https://www.grasp.upenn.edu/events/bipedal-locomotion-andy-ruina-cornell-university/
Animal locomotionRobot locomotionBipedal LocomotionBehaviorDrosophilaControls locomotionCerebellarRatsSubstratesMovementResearchersMolecularObjectsFindingsHumansSystemRobotsDescribeMechanismRoboticMobilityNavigationActivityPatternsTypesEssentialAdjustMoveAnimalsArticleDiscussCloseResultsHistory
Animal locomotion7
  • Studies of animal locomotion and robots in the laboratory indicate that leaving out tails has been a design drawback. (asme.org)
  • Animal Locomotion. (si.edu)
  • Animal locomotion is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another. (humpath.com)
  • Eadweard Muybridge: The Human and Animal Locomotion. (all-about-photo.com)
  • English photographer Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) was a pioneer in visual studies of human and animal locomotion. (all-about-photo.com)
  • We're just beginning to understand how these critters move through a cluttered 3-D terrain where you have obstacles that are larger than or comparable to the animal or robot's size," says Li, who has been working with cockroaches since 2012, when he became a UC Berkeley postdoctoral fellow studying animal locomotion. (jhu.edu)
  • Photographers like Eadweard Muybridge created portfolios of photographs to measure human and animal locomotion. (smarthistory.org)
Robot locomotion1
  • Although simple, these robotic tails show their effectiveness in mobile robot locomotion, such as helping the robot adjust its airborne orientation, and helped validate some of the hypotheses of how animals use tails. (asme.org)
Bipedal Locomotion2
  • Vertical bipedal locomotion in wild bearded capuch. (fapesp.br)
  • When carrying objects, nonhuman primates often show bipedal locomotion. (fapesp.br)
Behavior2
  • The CoLBeRT (Controlling Locomotion and Behavior in Real Time) system for optical control of freely moving animals, in this case the millimeter-long worm C. elegans, 'allows us to commandeer the nervous system of swimming or crawling nematodes using pulses of blue and green light - no wires, no electrodes," says Aravinthan D.T. Samuel, a professor of physics and affiliate of Harvard's Center for Brain Science. (harvard.edu)
  • For example, the simple nematode C. elegans are able to switch between locomotion behavior states based upon both external stimuli an internal state. (rochester.edu)
Drosophila1
  • Here, we report a neural circuit controlling a similarly selective adjustment of locomotion frequency in Drosophila larvae. (biorxiv.org)
Controls locomotion1
  • Understanding how the human brain controls locomotion is a considerable neuroscience challenge that has required advancements in mobile neuroimaging methods. (embs.org)
Cerebellar2
  • Wdr4 promotes cerebellar development and locomotion through Arhgap17-mediated Rac1 activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study identifies Wdr4 as a previously unappreciated participant in cerebellar development and locomotion , providing potential insights into treatment strategies for diseases with WDR4 mutations , such as primordial dwarfism and Galloway-Mowat syndrome . (bvsalud.org)
Rats4
  • The CatWalk XT provides detailed, accurate, and fully automated gait analysis, enabling researchers to easily quantify footfalls and locomotion in rats and mice. (noldus.com)
  • As the use of rodent gait analysis for research continues to increase, the CatWalk XT is helping researchers worldwide to rapidly obtain accurate and objective data on locomotion in rats and mice. (noldus.com)
  • In Experiment 3, effects of 40 mg/kg ibogaine on amphetamine-induced locomotion were investigated in drug-naive and drug-experienced (four prior doses of 1.5 mg/kg amphetamine) rats. (erowid.org)
  • Locomotion was significantly lower in those ibogaine-treated rats that had previously been exposed to amphetamine than in those that had not. (erowid.org)
Substrates1
  • Studies of primate bipedality, however, in both nature and captivity, have concentrated on locomotion on horizontal substrates, either terrestrially or arboreally. (fapesp.br)
Movement2
  • Ablation of the MSC at birth revealed that while the MSC-CST was not essential for ordinary locomotion on flat terrain, its presence hastened normal development of this kind of movement, and that it was absolutely essential for locomotion on difficult terrain. (umich.edu)
  • This resplendent book traces the life and work of Muybridge, from his early thinking about anatomy and movement to his latest photographic experiments, and is copiously illustrated with his complete locomotion plates as well as biographical pictures and texts. (all-about-photo.com)
Researchers3
  • When researchers first began to study whether adding tails to legged robots would aid in their locomotion, they used the simplest possible abstraction, essentially a stick attached by a pivot to the chassis. (asme.org)
  • Equine locomotion researchers - who study how a horse moves and how the various parts of its body work together - have conducted experiments and studies that sometimes support and at other times contradict commonly held horseshoeing wisdom. (americanfarriers.com)
  • The researchers chose to study a simpler model of locomotion in the medicinal leech, and this uncovered the residing spots of these unit burst generators and it also showed that each nerve cord segment has a complete generator. (sci-info-pages.com)
Molecular2
  • The gels were designed so that light-driven heating would cause a change in the liquid crystal molecular alignment, leading to macroscopic shape changes that could drive locomotion. (eurekalert.org)
  • Wdr4 deficiency in granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) not only reduces foliation and the sizes of external and internal granular layers but also compromises Purkinje neuron organization and the size of the molecular layer, leading to locomotion defects. (bvsalud.org)
Objects1
Findings1
  • Here are some research findings, summarized in the book Equine Locomotion, edited by Willem Back and Hilary Clayton, which should be of interest to farriers. (americanfarriers.com)
Humans1
  • Next, locomotion became slower, followed in humans ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
System2
  • This session will discuss the constraint system that drives all player locomotion and outline the implementation of our first person animation systems. (gdcvault.com)
  • By pressing SUBMIT, you agree that DX1, LLC and Locomotion Powersports may call/text you at the number provided, for either informational or marketing purposes, using an automatic telephone dialing system or pre-recorded/artificial voices. (locomotionpowersports.com)
Robots4
  • The locomotion of soft-bodied aquatic organisms, such as sea slugs and snails, has inspired efforts to develop soft-bodied robots that can operate underwater. (eurekalert.org)
  • In this work, emergence of coordination for locomotion in modular robots, through indirect communication among modules is being investigated. (societyofrobots.com)
  • Morphology Dependent Distributed Controller for Locomotion in Modular Robots. (societyofrobots.com)
  • In this paper, we develop an analytical basis for designing the locomotion of mobile robots with a spherical or circular core and equispaced diametral legs. (asme.org)
Describe1
  • Instead, it nimbly "feels" its way through its surroundings in a way that engineers describe as "blind locomotion," much like making one's way across a pitch-black room.There are many unexpected behaviors the robot should be able to handle without relying too much on vision" says the robot's designer. (chatbots.org)
Mechanism1
  • The mechanism has resemblance with certain cellular locomotions. (asme.org)
Robotic2
  • In fact, research conducted by our lab at Virginia Tech has shown that an articulated robotic tail can effectively maneuver and stabilize a quadruped both for static and dynamic locomotion. (asme.org)
  • In a crowded, windowless lab, scholars and students are coaxing the insects to share some crucial locomotion tips that could help future robotic vehicles traverse treacherous terrain. (jhu.edu)
Mobility1
  • There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders) and rolling (some beetles and spiders). (humpath.com)
Navigation1
  • In this paper, we developed the Transparent Omnidirectional Locomotion Compensator (TOLC) for a freely walking fruit fly without tethering, which enables its navigation in infinite space. (brainresearchlab.com)
Activity1
  • We conclude that R759 in the myosin converter domain is essential for normal ATPase activity, in vitro motility and locomotion. (nih.gov)
Patterns1
  • The two biogenic amines octopamine and tyramine have recently been shown to modulate various parameters of locomotion, such as muscle contraction, the time spent in pausing or forward locomotion, and the initiation and maintenance of rhythmic motor patterns. (semanticscholar.org)
Types3
  • By controlling the position and timing of illumination, the authors were able to induce various types of underwater locomotion, including crawling, walking, jumping, and swimming. (eurekalert.org)
  • Modules can be categorized in 4 types: locomotion, cannon, guns and rockets. (steampowered.com)
  • There are 2 types of locomotion modules (Bipod, Tracks) and 3 types of weapon modules (Cannon, Missiles and Guns). (steampowered.com)
Essential1
  • The ability to adjust the speed of locomotion is essential for survival. (biorxiv.org)
Adjust1
  • We find that larvae adjust the frequency of locomotion mostly by varying the time between consecutive contraction waves, reminiscent of limbed locomotion. (biorxiv.org)
Move2
  • VR True Locomotion (VRTL) uses HMD rotation information move the player character, allowing for intuitive, hands-free infinite locomotion through virtual environments. (unrealengine.com)
  • Locomotion Drills are an excellent way to teach your yourself and your body to move in new directions. (agatsu.com)
Animals1
  • In limbed animals, the frequency of locomotion is modulated primarily by changing the duration of the stance phase. (biorxiv.org)
Article2
  • Article #19-17952: "Bioinspired underwater locomotion of light-driven liquid crystal gels," by Hamed Shahsavan et al. (eurekalert.org)
  • In this review article we address the problem of distance perception during locomotion. (bvsalud.org)
Discuss1
  • We will discuss recent investigations of helical and undulatory locomotion in viscoelastic and anisotropic fluids, which can either enhance or retard a microorganism's swimming speed and can even change the direction of swimming! (math.ca)
Close1
  • Get up close to the original Locomotion No. 1, the first locomotive in the world to pull a passenger train - a journey that began in Shildon almost 200 years ago. (thisisdurham.com)
Results1
  • Altogether, our results reveal an inhibitory central circuit that sets the frequency of locomotion by controlling the duration of the period in between peristaltic waves. (biorxiv.org)
History1
  • That would mean that for the first 3 million years [of our history] there was this mixed locomotion, and not much was happening. (newscientist.com)
Chinese menu tso platter bipedal locomotion schematic fortune cookie Archives - Ctrl+Alt+Del Comic
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Prosthetic model, but not stiffness or height, affects maximum running velocity in athletes with unilateral transtibial...
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Animal Locomotion. Plate 673. | National Museum of American History
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CDC - Mining - Locomotion in Restricted space: Kinematic and Electromyograp!! - NIOSH
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