Pathological processes of the LIVER.
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.
Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.
Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.
Repair or renewal of hepatic tissue.
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.
The circulation of BLOOD through the LIVER.
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells that is due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. The fatty changes in the alcoholic fatty liver may be reversible, depending on the amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES accumulated.
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Extracts of liver tissue containing uncharacterized specific factors with specific activities; a soluble thermostable fraction of mammalian liver is used in the treatment of pernicious anemia.
A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).
Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.
Excision of all or part of the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Experimentally induced chronic injuries to the parenchymal cells in the liver to achieve a model for LIVER CIRRHOSIS.
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.
A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).
Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.
The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.
Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.
A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.
Devices for simulating the activities of the liver. They often consist of a hybrid between both biological and artificial materials.
Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.
Specialized phagocytic cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids. They filter bacteria and small foreign proteins out of the blood, and dispose of worn out red blood cells.
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.
An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between HEPATOCYTES and sinusoidal endothelial cells.
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse drug effect. The adverse effect may result from a direct toxic effect of a drug or metabolite, or an idiosyncratic response to a drug or metabolite.
Enlargement of the liver.
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
A syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of advanced chronic liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatations, and reduced arterial oxygenation (HYPOXEMIA) in the absence of intrinsic cardiopulmonary disease. This syndrome is common in the patients with LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).
The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.
Veins which drain the liver.
Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.
Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.
The administrative procedures involved with acquiring TISSUES or organs for TRANSPLANTATION through various programs, systems, or organizations. These procedures include obtaining consent from TISSUE DONORS and arranging for transportation of donated tissues and organs, after TISSUE HARVESTING, to HOSPITALS for processing and transplantation.
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Glycogen stored in the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces.
The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.
Non-cadaveric providers of organs for transplant to related or non-related recipients.
Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.
Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.
Non-invasive imaging methods based on the mechanical response of an object to a vibrational or impulsive force. It is used for determining the viscoelastic properties of tissue, and thereby differentiating soft from hard inclusions in tissue such as microcalcifications, and some cancer lesions. Most techniques use ultrasound to create the images - eliciting the response with an ultrasonic radiation force and/or recording displacements of the tissue by Doppler ultrasonography.
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.
Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention.
Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.
An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.
Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).
A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-8 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia.
Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.
An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.
A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during FETAL DEVELOPMENT and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life.
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.
Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES.
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.
A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.
An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
A system of vessels in which blood, after passing through one capillary bed, is conveyed through a second set of capillaries before it returns to the systemic circulation. It pertains especially to the hepatic portal system.
A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the physiology and diseases of the digestive system and related structures (esophagus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrolled action of degradative ENZYMES, leading to MITOCHONDRIAL SWELLING, nuclear flocculation, and cell lysis. It is distinct it from APOPTOSIS, which is a normal, regulated cellular process.
A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent.
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Non-consumption of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
De novo fat synthesis in the body. This includes the synthetic processes of FATTY ACIDS and subsequent TRIGLYCERIDES in the LIVER and the ADIPOSE TISSUE. Lipogenesis is regulated by numerous factors, including nutritional, hormonal, and genetic elements.
The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS in conjunction with HEPATITIS B VIRUS and lasting six months or more.
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.
A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-18 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia.
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.
A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.
A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.
Surgical portasystemic shunt between the portal vein and inferior vena cava.
Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.
A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagulate upon heating.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.
The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)
Consumption of excessive DIETARY FATS.
Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.
Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.
Clotting time of PLASMA recalcified in the presence of excess TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN. Factors measured are FIBRINOGEN; PROTHROMBIN; FACTOR V; FACTOR VII; and FACTOR X. It is used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with COUMARINS.
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
The passage of viable bacteria from the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT to extra-intestinal sites, such as the mesenteric lymph node complex, liver, spleen, kidney, and blood. Factors that promote bacterial translocation include overgrowth with gram-negative enteric bacilli, impaired host immune defenses, and injury to the INTESTINAL MUCOSA resulting in increased intestinal permeability. Bacterial translocation from the lung to the circulation is also possible and sometimes accompanies MECHANICAL VENTILATION.
Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
A condition characterized by an abnormal increase of BILIRUBIN in the blood, which may result in JAUNDICE. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of HEME, is normally excreted in the BILE or further catabolized before excretion in the urine.
A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.
A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2).
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
A benign epithelial tumor of the LIVER.
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.
Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.
Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Structural and functional changes in acute liver injury. (1/4731)

Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At no time are there changes in mitochondria or single membrane limited bodies in cells with intact plasmalemma, although a relative increase in cell sap may appear. In dead cells (those with plasmalemma discontinuties) crystalline deposits of calcium phosphatase may be noted. Functional changes are related to the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. An early decrease in protein synthesis takes place; an accumulation of neutral lipid is related to this change. Later alterations in the ergastoplasmic functions (e.g., mixed function oxidation) occurs. Carbon tetrachloride is not the active agent; rather, a product of its metabolism, probably the CC1, free radical, is. The mechanisms of injury include macromolecular adduction and peroxide propagation. A third possibility includes a cascade effect with the production of secondary and tertiary products, also toxic in nature, with the ability to produce more widespread damage to intracellular structures.  (+info)

Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures. (2/4731)

A large number of chemical agents, administered for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, can produce various types of hepatic injury by several mechanisms. Some agents are intrinsically hepatotoxic, and others produce hepatic injury only in the rare, uniquely susceptible individual. Idiosyncrasy of the host is the mechanism for most types of drug-induced hepatic injury. It may reflect allergy to the drug or a metabolic aberation of the host permitting the accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites. The syndromes of hepatic disease produced by drugs have been classified hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular, mixed and canalicular. Measurement of serum enzyme activities has provided a powerful tool for studies of hepatotoxicity. Their measurement requires awareness of relative specificity, knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and knowledge of the relationship between known hepatotoxic states and elevated enzyme activities.  (+info)

Quantitative aspects in the assessment of liver injury. (3/4731)

Liver function data are usually difficult to use in their original form when one wishes to compare the hepatotoxic properties of several chemical substances. However, procedures are available for the conversion of liver function data into quantal responses. These permit the elaboration of dose-response lines for the substances in question, the calculation of median effective doses and the statistical analysis of differences in liver-damaging potency. These same procedures can be utilized for estimating the relative hazard involved if one compares the liver-damaging potency to the median effective dose for some other pharmacologie parameter. Alterations in hepatic triglycerides, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of various hepatic enzymes can also be quantitiated in a dose-related manner. This permits the selection of equitoxic doses required for certain comparative studies and the selection of doses in chemical interaction studies. The quantitative problems involved in low-frequency adverse reactions and the difficulty these present in the detection of liver injury in laboratory animals are discussed.  (+info)

Assessment of hepatotoxic potential. (4/4731)

Philosophic concepts and pragmatic approaches toward improved understanding of the effect of drugs in the hepatocyte are reviewed. No set pattern of studies is advocated but rather observations are encouraged within the framework of studies that provide for varied exposure of the hepatocyte. Clinical usage should be imitated to provide earliest possible indications of toxicity in man. The need for definitive characterization through utilization of appropriate methodology derived from cross-fertilization of related disciplines is stressed. Both minimal and maximal dose effects should be established. Selected use of electron microscopy has become essential for characterizing responses of the liver to injury. The advantages of the toluidine blue-stained Epon "thick" sections are emphasized. Such observations are used to implement the utility of serial biopsies from the beagle dog prior to and during long-term study of potential hepatic injury. Examples of the critical effects of drug concentration within the hepatocyte are presented.  (+info)

Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (5/4731)

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals.  (+info)

Study of an epidemic of venoocclusive disease in India. (6/4731)

Twenty-five cases of rapidly developing ascites occurring in an epidemic form were observed in a tribal district in Central India during August 1972-May 1973. Eleven of the patients died. Six patients were brought to hospital and studied for periods of two to 17 months. Necropsy was performed on one patient who died. The clinical features suggested an outflow tract obstruction such as a Budd-Chiari-like syndrome or venoocclusive disease. Radiographic and haemodynamic studies demonstrated a combination of post and perisinusoidal blocks. Liver dysfunction was indicated by the presence of a marked bromsulphthalein retention and mild to moderate hypoalbuminaemia. Histological examination of the liver biopsies showed changes that ranged from centrizonal haemorrhagic necrosis to an extensive centrilobular fibrosis associated with central vein occlusion. The disease was apparently caused by a food toxin, and the possible nature of this is discussed.  (+info)

Risk of major liver resection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a reappraisal. (7/4731)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation of patient age, status of liver parenchyma, presence of markers of active hepatitis, and blood loss to subsequent death and complications in patients undergoing a similar major hepatectomy for the same disease using a standardized technique. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Major liver resection carries a high risk of postoperative liver failure in patients with chronic liver disease. However, this underlying liver disease may comprise a wide range of pathologic changes that have, in the past, not been well defined. METHODS: The nontumorous liver of 55 patients undergoing a right hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma was classified according to a semiquantitative grading of fibrosis. The authors analyzed the influence of this pathologic feature and of other preoperative variables on the risk of postoperative death and complications. RESULTS: Serum bilirubin and prothrombin time increased on postoperative day 1, and their speed of recovery was influenced by the severity of fibrosis. Incidence of death from liver failure was 32% in patients with grade 4 fibrosis (cirrhosis) and 0% in patients with grade 0 to 3 fibrosis. The preoperative serum aspartate transaminase (ASAT) level ranged from 68 to 207 IU/l in patients with cirrhosis who died, compared with 20 to 62 in patients with cirrhosis who survived. CONCLUSION: A major liver resection such as a right hepatectomy may be safely performed in patients with underlying liver disease, provided no additional risk factors are present. Patients with a preoperative increase in ASAT should undergo a liver biopsy to rule out the presence of grade 4 fibrosis, which should contraindicate this resection.  (+info)

Predicting bone loss following orthotopic liver transplantation. (8/4731)

BACKGROUND: Hepatic osteodystrophy occurs in the majority of patients with advanced chronic liver disease with the abnormalities in bone metabolism accelerating following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). AIMS: To examine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) following OLT and to investigate factors that lead to bone loss. METHODS: Twelve patients had BMD (at both the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN)) and biochemical markers measured preoperatively and for 24 months following OLT. RESULTS: BMD was low in 75% of patients prior to OLT and decreased significantly from baseline at the LS at three months and the FN at six months. BMD began to increase thereafter at both sites, approaching baseline values at the LS by 12 months. Bone formation markers, osteocalcin and procollagen type I carboxy propeptide, decreased immediately post-OLT, with a concomitant increase seen in the resorption markers pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. This resulted in a negative uncoupling index early post-OLT, that rebounded to positive values after six months. There was a significant correlation between the change in the uncoupling index between six and three months which preceded the increase in BMD at 12 months. The decrease in BMD recorded early post-OLT correlated with vitamin D levels at three months. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that increased resorption and inadequate formation are the major contributors to additional bone loss following OLT. Non-invasive biochemical markers precede later changes in BMD in this patient group following OLT and may have a role in investigating and planning intervention strategies to prevent bone loss in future studies.  (+info)

Looking for chronic active liver disease? Find out information about chronic active liver disease. A syndrome that is defined clinically by evidence of liver disease for at least six consecutive months Explanation of chronic active liver disease
A prospective study was undertaken to determine the frequency of peptic ulceration in different forms of chronic liver disease and the effect of corticosteroid treatment. One hundred sixty-three patients with chronic liver disease underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 106 for investigation of dyspeptic symptoms and the remaining 57 for assessment of the presence of varices. Twenty-four peptic ulcers were found (14.7%), 12 duodenal, 8 gastric, and 4 prepyloric. Ulcers were found in 5 of 15 patients with hepatitis B surface-antigen-positive chronic active liver disease (33%), 10 of 46 patients with alcoholic liver disease (22%), 5 of 35 with primary biliary cirrhosis (14%), 2 of 19 with miscellaneous chronic liver diseases (10%), and 2 of 25 with cryptogenic cirrhosis (8%). Ulcers were not demonstrated in any of the 23 patients with hepatitis B surface-antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis. Thirty-one patients were receiving prednisolone therapy, 5 had peptic ulcer compared with 19 of ...
Amenorrhoea is common in women with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease, but little is known about its causes or consequences. We investigated 12 young women with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease and amenorrhoea and compared them with 11 healthy age matched controls studied in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. None of the patients had raised serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone suggesting primary gonadal failure, but the variance in serum concentrations of testosterone, oestradiol, prolactin, and luteinising hormone were significantly greater in chronic liver disease patients than control subjects (p less than 0.01). Seven of the 12 chronic liver disease patients had low serum luteinising hormone concentrations, and compared with controls these patients also had significantly reduced median values of oestradiol (64 pmol/l), testosterone (1.1 nmol/l), and follicle stimulating hormone, and were significantly underweight as assessed by skinfold thickness measurements ...
Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Chronic liver disease refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months. It consists of a wide range of liver pathologies which include inflammation (chronic hepatitis), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entire spectrum need not be experienced. Signs of chronic liver disease detectable on clinical examination can be divided into those that are associated with the diagnosis of chronic liver disease, associated with decompensation and associated with the cause. Nail clubbing Palmar erythema Spider nevi (angiomata) Gynaecomastia Feminising hair distribution Testicular atrophy Small irregular shrunken liver Anaemia Caput medusae Drowsiness (encephalopathy) Hyperventilation (encephalopathy) Metabolic flap/asterixis (encephalopathy) Jaundice (excretory ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The effect of renal and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of ospemifene, a tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist. AU - Preston, Richard A.. AU - Marbury, Thomas C.. AU - Wajima, Toshihiro. AU - Graham, Shelli. PY - 2015/5/16. Y1 - 2015/5/16. N2 - Ospemifene is a nonestrogen tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist approved to treat moderate to severe dyspareunia due to vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Three single-dose, open-label, parallel-group pharmacokinetic studies examined the pharmacokinetics of ospemifene in postmenopausal women with (1) mild hepatic impairment (n 7), (2) moderate hepatic impairment (n 8), and (3) severe renal impairment (n 8) compared with a similar number of matched healthy controls. The study durations ranged from 8 to 12 days. Study participants received a single oral dose of ospemifene 60 mg on day 1 and blood samples were collected serially. The geometric mean ratios (hepatic or renal impairment/healthy) and ...
Data & statistics on Directly standardised mortality rates for chronic liver disease: Directly standardised mortality rates for chronic liver disease, 2003-2005, Indicator 5: Directly standardised rate of mortality from chronic liver disease including cirrhosis per 100,000 population. Males, 2005. a) Liverpool City Region districts, England best and England average, Rate of mortality (directly standardised rate) from chronic liver disease including cirrhosis per 100,000 population, 2005....
Call (800) 872-5925 - Howard Law is dedicated to providing our clients with a range of legal services in Chronic Liver Disease and Security Disability cases. Chronic Liver Disease - Orange County, California Chronic Liver Disease Lawyer
Hepatic Disorders Assignment Help & Homework Help - Hepatic Disorders Impaired Liver [unction. The patient with severe liver damage resulting from infectious disease, ethanol abuse, or vascular or biliary
Chronic liver disease is a broad term that encompasses any disease that causes the gradual destruction of liver tissue over time. There are many kinds of liver diseases, some of which are caused by viruses, like Hepatitis C. Others can be caused from longtime drug and alcohol use or even poison. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness, its called cirrhosis. Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin, can be one sign of liver disease. Cancer can also affect the liver.. The liver is the largest organ inside your body, not to mention one of the most important. Without the liver, the body cant function. The liver converts food into energy and metabolizes alcohol and poisons from the blood. Your liver also makes bile, a yellowish-green liquid that helps with digestion. Chronic liver disease needs to be evaluated promptly to determine if a specific treatment is necessary.. ...
Chronic liver disease is a broad term that encompasses any disease that causes the gradual destruction of liver tissue over time. There are many kinds of liver diseases, some of which are caused by viruses, like Hepatitis C. Others can be caused from longtime drug and alcohol use or even poison. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness, its called cirrhosis. Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin, can be one sign of liver disease. Cancer can also affect the liver.. The liver is the largest organ inside your body, not to mention one of the most important. Without the liver, the body cant function. The liver converts food into energy and metabolizes alcohol and poisons from the blood. Your liver also makes bile, a yellowish-green liquid that helps with digestion. Chronic liver disease needs to be evaluated promptly to determine if a specific treatment is necessary.. ...
Chronic liver disease is a broad term that encompasses any disease that causes the gradual destruction of liver tissue over time. There are many kinds of liver diseases, some of which are caused by viruses, like Hepatitis C. Others can be caused from longtime drug and alcohol use or even poison. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness, its called cirrhosis. Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin, can be one sign of liver disease. Cancer can also affect the liver.. The liver is the largest organ inside your body, not to mention one of the most important. Without the liver, the body cant function. The liver converts food into energy and metabolizes alcohol and poisons from the blood. Your liver also makes bile, a yellowish-green liquid that helps with digestion. Chronic liver disease needs to be evaluated promptly to determine if a specific treatment is necessary.. ...
In this study, we found that the prevalence of anti-HBc is almost 50% in patients with HCV related chronic liver disease, which is significantly higher than that reported in healthy blood donors at a blood centre in Japan.25 It is also higher than that observed in our control group without liver disease (12.2%). Several previous reports have already shown a high prevalence of anti-HBV serological markers in HCV infected patients.5-9 However, most of the previous reports have mainly focused on patients with HCC, and moreover have not assessed the anti-HBV serological status in relation to age. It is known that the prevalence of anti-HBV serological markers increases with age. Moreover, the mean age of patients with HCV related chronic liver disease is generally high,23 ,24 raising the possibility that the high prevalence of anti-HBV markers in HCV related chronic liver disease found in this study merely reflects their advanced age. Indeed, our patients with anti-HCV are older than the blood ...
The liver is the main metabolic organ in the body especially in lipometabolism and glycometabolism. Carbohydrates and fats disorders can result in insulin resistance in the liver. Metabolic imbalance can even lead to life-threatening conditions. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the normal metabolic function of the liver. When the liver is in a pathological state, liver metabolism homeostasis is damaged, and metabolic disorders will further aggravate liver disease. Consequently, it is essential to determine the relationship between liver diseases and metabolic disorders. Here we review a lot of evidence that liver diseases are closely related to lipometabolism and glycometabolism. Although the disorder of the liver metabolism is caused by different liver diseases, the break of metabolic balance is determined by changes in the state of the liver. We discuss the relationship between liver disease and metabolic changes, outline the process of how metabolic changes are regulated by liver diseases, and
Chronic liver disease is a progressive deterioration of liver functions. Liver functions include the production of clotting factors and other proteins, detoxification of harmful products of metabolism and excretion of bile. This is a continuous process of inflammation, destruction, and regeneration of liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a final stage of chronic liver disease that results in disruption of liver architecture, the formation of widespread nodules, vascular reorganization, neo-angiogenesis, and deposition of an extracellular matrix. The underlying mechanism of fibrosis and cirrhosis at a cellular level is the recruitment of stellate cells and fibroblasts that cause fibrosis, while parenchymal regeneration relies on hepatic stem cells. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of chronic liver disease and highlights the role of the healthcare team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition ...
The incidence of several liver diseases, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has increased globally over the last few decades. During the same time, overweight, defined as a BMI above 25, and obesity, defined as a BMI above 30, have increased in both Europe and the USA, as well as globally. It has been estimated that if current trends continue, there will be more than two billion overweight and over one billion obese individuals worldwide by 2030. Obesity in adults has been linked to an increased risk for liver-related death or hospitalization in individuals both with and without liver disease, as well as a higher risk for liver cell cancer. In addition, overweight and obesity are associated with a worse prognosis in several liver diseases, such as NAFLD, hepatitis B and C, and alcoholic liver disease ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Chronic Liver Disease. AU - Steuber, Taylor D.. AU - Howard, Meredith L.. AU - Nisly, Sarah A.. PY - 2019/10/1. Y1 - 2019/10/1. N2 - Objective: To review the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Data Sources: A MEDLINE literature search was performed from 1964 through February 2019 using the following search terms: cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, direct oral anticoagulant, and the individual DOACs. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language human trials and reports that examined DOACs for treatment or prevention of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events in patients with CLD were included. Data Synthesis: A total of 6 clinical trials examining the use of DOACs in patients with CLD were identified. All DOACs have been utilized in patients with CLD, with the exception of betrixaban, for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation or treatment of VTE (except for treatment of pulmonary ...
Arnold O. Beckman Conference: Liver Diseases and the Clinical Laboratory 16-17 February 1997, New Orleans, LA Sponsored by: American Association for Clinical Chemistry (See: http://www.aacc.org/meetings/beckman/beckmangeninfo.html) Recent years have brought major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases, particularly viral hepatitis. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is essential for appropriate therapy such as the use of alpha interferon and other anti-viral strategies . Recent advances in liver disease will be explored at the 1997 A. O. Beckman Conference with an emphasis on the laboratorys contribution to diagnosis and treatment. Hepatitis and other liver diseases are prevalent health problems. More than 60,000 cases of viral hepatitis are officially reported annually in the U.S. and it is estimated over five-times that number of cases actually occur. Several hepatotropic viruses are associated with a wide spectrum of acute and chronic liver disease syndromes. The mode of action ...
Alcoholic liver disease is the main cause of illness and deaths in United States of America. This disease can be found normally in the people who abuse alcohol since long time. There are different stages involved in these liver disease which slowly ruins the livers performance and finally damages it completely. The more longer alcohol is consumed and in more quantities, the greater will be the risk of developing liver diseases.. The first stage of liver damage is swelling and inflammation which can be termed as hepatitis. Later it can lead to scaring and results in cirrhosis of liver, which is the final stage of liver disease. Women have high chances of getting liver diseases than men. In some cases it may be hereditary, if you take the habit as hereditary. It may not happen in all the heavy drinkers. It varies from person to person depending upon the food and the nutrients they are taking. Poor nutrition makes the liver problem even worse.. In these liver diseases, symptoms may not be seen ...
Liver Helpline India, a liver transplant information website in India, launches One-Stop Resource service. The idea of releasing this service is to educate people about liver diseases, types, symptoms, and treatment. As a result, they know what to do if they or one of their family members are suffering from liver diseases or even liver cancer. Dr. Shailendra Lalwani explained, Treating liver diseases is complex. It needs specific medical treatments to limit the risks. Thats why people with liver cancer in India need to get the best liver transplant surgeon in India. The best surgeon means that the process follows the standards. Patients have to make sure that the doctors have enough experience, skills, and knowledge about the liver.. The One-Stop Resource service supports people who want to know more about liver diseases before taking medical treatments. They will learn that specific diseases such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C can cause liver diseases. The source will also ...
Liver Helpline India, a liver transplant information website in India, launches One-Stop Resource service. The idea of releasing this service is to educate people about liver diseases, types, symptoms, and treatment. As a result, they know what to do if they or one of their family members are suffering from liver diseases or even liver cancer. Dr. Shailendra Lalwani explained, Treating liver diseases is complex. It needs specific medical treatments to limit the risks. Thats why people with liver cancer in India need to get the best liver transplant surgeon in India. The best surgeon means that the process follows the standards. Patients have to make sure that the doctors have enough experience, skills, and knowledge about the liver.. The One-Stop Resource service supports people who want to know more about liver diseases before taking medical treatments. They will learn that specific diseases such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C can cause liver diseases. The source will also ...
With improved survival following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), liver disease has become a leading cause of death among HIV-infected persons in Western cohorts, primarily affecting those co-infected with hepatitis B or C viruses (HBV, HCV). However, data are sparse on liver disease in HIV-infected populations from Uganda and other African nations, where the etiologies of liver disease are broader and include aflatoxin, schistosomiasis and other infectious and environmental agents. Our previous noninvasive study in rural, Rakai, Uganda indicates that the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis is high among HIV-infected individuals (17%) and is 50% higher than in HIV-uninfected persons, although the prevalence of viral hepatitis B co-infection is low (5%). The study presented here is a biopsy-based study that follows up on these results with the objectives of defining the etiology of liver disease and describing the mechanisms of HIV-accelerated liver fibrosis ...
With improved survival following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), liver disease has become a leading cause of death among HIV-infected persons in Western cohorts, primarily affecting those co-infected with hepatitis B or C viruses (HBV, HCV). However, data are sparse on liver disease in HIV-infected populations from Uganda and other African nations, where the etiologies of liver disease are broader and include aflatoxin, schistosomiasis and other infectious and environmental agents. Our previous noninvasive study in rural, Rakai, Uganda indicates that the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis is high among HIV-infected individuals (17%) and is 50% higher than in HIV-uninfected persons, although the prevalence of viral hepatitis B co-infection is low (5%). The study presented here is a biopsy-based study that follows up on these results with the objectives of defining the etiology of liver disease and describing the mechanisms of HIV-accelerated liver fibrosis ...
Systematic review produced by the EPPI-Centre in 2015.This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of HAART and ARV monotherapy on liver disease progression and liver-related mortality in individuals co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C, including in patients with haemophilia.. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Surgery in the Patient with Liver Disease. AU - Muilenburg, Diego J.. AU - Singh, Amrik. AU - Torzilli, Guido. AU - Khatri, Vijay P.. PY - 2009/9. Y1 - 2009/9. N2 - Liver dysfunction is a prominent entity in Western medicine that has historically affected patients suffering from chronic viral or alcoholic hepatitis. The incidence of these conditions has not changed dramatically in recent years but the overall number of patients with liver dysfunction has increased considerably with the emergence of the obesity epidemic. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become increasingly recognized as the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Although the rate of progression of NAFLD to overt cirrhosis is low, the high prevalence of this condition, combined with the moderate degree of liver dysfunction it engenders, has resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients with liver disease that can be encountered by a surgical practice. Any degree ...
Title: Mitochondria in Chronic Liver Disease. VOLUME: 12 ISSUE: 6. Author(s):Ignazio Grattagliano, Stefan Russmann, Catia Diogo, Leonilde Bonfrate, Paulo J. Oliveira, David Q.-H. Wang and Piero Portincasa. Affiliation:University of Bari Medical School, Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Internal and PublicMedicine (DIMIMP), Hospital Policlinico - 70124 Bari, Italy.. Keywords:Alcohol, cholestasis, fatty liver, hemochromatosis, hepatitis C virus, nitrosative stress, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, Wilsons disease, oxidative stress. Abstract: Mitochondria are the main energy source in hepatocytes and play a major role in extensive oxidative metabolism and normal function of the liver. This key role also assigns mitochondria a gateway function in the center of signaling pathways that mediate hepatocyte injury, because impaired mitochondrial functions affect cell survival and contribute to the onset and perpetuation of liver diseases. Altered mitochondrial ...
Nutrition in Liver Disease - MedHelps Nutrition in Liver Disease Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for Nutrition in Liver Disease. Find Nutrition in Liver Disease information, treatments for Nutrition in Liver Disease and Nutrition in Liver Disease symptoms.
Results DOACs were associated with lower risks for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.548; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.485 to 0.618), intracranial hemorrhage (HR: 0.479; 95% CI 0.394 to 0.581), gastrointestinal bleeding (HR: 0.819; 95% CI: 0.619 to 0.949), major bleeding (HR: 0.650; 95% CI: 0.575 to 0.736), all-cause death (HR: 0.698; 95% CI: 0.636 to 0.765), and the composite outcome (HR: 0.610; 95% CI: 0.567 to 0.656) than warfarin. Among the total study population, 13% of patients (n = 4,942) were identified as having significant active liver disease. A consistent benefit was observed in patients with significant active liver disease (HR for the composite outcome: 0.691; 95% CI: 0.577 to 0.827). ...
According to a study published last week, fatalities from liver disease are on the rise, and young adults have been hit the hardest.
TUESDAY, March 21, 2017 (HealthDay News) -- Overweight and obese young men are at increased risk for serious liver disease or liver cancer later in life, and those with diabetes have an even higher risk, a new study warns.. Efforts to reduce obesity, should be implemented from an early age to reduce the future burden of severe liver disease on individuals and society, say Swedish researchers led by Hannes Hagstrom, of the Center for Digestive Diseases at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm.. A liver specialist in the United States agreed.. This should be a wake-up call for young men to take their weight seriously and take steps to stay in shape to hopefully prevent liver disease, diabetes and liver cancer in the future, said Dr. David Bernstein, chief of hepatology at Northwell Health in Manhasset, NY.. He explained that obesity is linked to the development of a condition called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where fat starts to be deposited in the organ. In turn, NAFLD ...
Chronic liver disease can be caused by a variety of factors. Most causes of chronic liver disease are treatable and if caught early enough, treatment...
People with chronic liver disease are at particular risk of severe illness if they catch flu, and are 48 times more likely to die if they develop flu than healthy individuals. If you are living with hepatitis C or liver disease, protect yourself with a free flu vaccine provided as part of the NHSs Stay Well this Winter campaign.. For most healthy people, flu is an unpleasant but usually self-limiting disease with a short recovery. However, people with an underlying health condition are far more likely than a healthy adult to be admitted to hospital with complications. Liver disease can affect the immune system, making it more difficult to fight off infection. Flu can also make the effects of an existing condition worse and makes complications like pneumonia more likely.. Flu vaccination remains the best protection we have against the influenza virus. Last year only 42.6% of those with chronic liver disease had the flu vaccination, and the NHS is emphasising it the importance of as many people ...
issues or sensitivity to people is, formation or from not wanting to make this took care of your gallbladder ProblemsMost People in The World Except for white vinegar, says the Illinois Republican has some promise you that you will learn some tips that may have lately given birth, fatness, diabetic issues, the way through their lifestyle. For instance, if the bile duct and the cholesterol, hardened surgical procedure in which helps to dissolve the stones. They are vulnerable to suffer symptoms such as biscuits, muffins and liver fibrosis in children gemcitabine cisplatin gallbladder cancer iron, lowers ferritin and help to reduce intake of the liver. The most approved presenting symptoms, seek immediate evaluation bya local health store and release bile gallbladder attack. Some people who are most important and common grocery store the digestive process of bowel movement. It is so uncommon and adhere to a healthy gallbladder attack, eat small gallbladder diet is the nurse a while to come and go ...
New data released today at the largest conference for liver clinicians reveals that around 5,200 people die from liver disease in hospital in England each year. Of these, 30% of those have not had an admission in the year before death. On admission to hospital time is of the essence in saving these seriously ill patients. 1 in 4 of those who die do not survive more than 3 days and 43% do not survive a week.. These are people with advanced liver disease and many of their lives could have been saved if they had been diagnosed earlier in primary or secondary care and had been given advice on risk factors like alcohol and management of their liver disease.. The analysis is being presented at the British Association of Liver Disease annual conference in Glasgow. The data also reveals that these deaths occur in relatively young people. 60% of these patients are under 64 years of age and that one in five are under the age of 50.. Liver disease has increased by 400% since 1970 and its the biggest cause ...
Liver disease can modify the kinetics of drugs biotransformed by the liver. This review updates recent developments in this field, with particular emphasis on cytochrome P450 (CYP). CYP is a rapidly e
Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs and cats, but non-invasive tests such as ALT lack sensitivity and specificity. This article reports on a veterinary/human medicine collaboration to identify a better alternative.. Chronic liver disease occurs commonly in dogs and can cause severe clinical signs such as hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, loss of interest in food, weight loss and jaundice (1). Acute hepatitis is also well recognised in dogs and can occur secondary to numerous disease processes including drug reactions and infections (2, 3). Definitive treatment of both acute and chronic liver diseases in dogs is often challenging and is frequently associated with poor outcomes (4). For example, we recently reported that dogs with chronic hepatitis had a median survival time of just 38 days (4). A significant cause of the poor outcomes in dogs with liver disorders is the delay in disease detection; due to the limitations of current tests, liver pathology is often well ...
chronic liver disease skin disorder name. Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis - Health Encyclopedia .... Revitol Skin Brightener Cream is your safe, herbal-based solution for a beautiful, glowing complexion.
what is an active liver cyst. The Radiology Assistant : Liver - Masses II - Common Tumors. We provides LiverActive Liver Detox formula contains several natural ingredients to help maintain a healthy liver. Listen to your liver and dont ignore the warning signs.
Information On Liver Disease Foods To Avoid s are safe to remove the gallbladder People suffering from such medications a hrefhttpwwwwel
The present article aims to provide clinicians with an overview of coagulation testing in individuals with liver disease, to discuss available procoagulants and the rationale for their use, and to provide management strategies in a variety of common clinical scenarios.Clinicians and researchers are gaining an increased understanding of the shortfalls of assessing bleeding risk using traditional tests of coagulation. The use of global tests of clot formation, including viscoelastic testing and thrombin generation analysis, continues to evolve and guide the management of these patients.Abnormal coagulation testing in individuals with cirrhosis leads to a variety of difficult clinical scenarios that can be challenging for practitioners. With advanced liver disease, changes in the traditional tests of hemostasis such as the international normalized ratio reflect decreased synthesis of procoagulant factors but do not capture concomitant decreases in anticoagulant factors. In this setting, transfusion ...
The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score can be used preoperatively to predict mortality risk and when counseling patients on the risks and benefits of general surgery, Massachusetts-based researchers report.
A study at University of California San Diego School of Medicine claims that suppression of stomach (gastric) acid by drugs alters specific gut bacteria, promoting liver injury and progression of three types of chronic liver disease. Nearly 10% people use proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drug to relieve the symptoms of heartburn and acid reflux; this percentage being seven times higher for those suffering from a chronic liver disease. The number of people suffering from chronic liver disease is ...
AIM Serum Golgi protein 73 (sGP73) is a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are few reports on the pattern of GP73 expression in the progression of benign liver diseases to precancerous lesions and HCC. This study aimed to investigate GP73 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Tissue GP73 (tGP73) levels were detected in specimens of group A (n = 186) including HCC, peritumoral tissue (PTL), high/low-grade hepatic atypical hyperplasia (AH), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and normal controls (NC) by immunohistochemistry, and GP73 expression in group B (n = 159) and group C (n = 16) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. sGP73 levels were detected in subjects of group D (n = 287) by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS GP73 expression increased gradually from NC, CHB, PTL to high-grade AH and HCC at both protein and mRNA levels (P | 0.05), while sGP73 in the HCC group was lower than
Canine liver disease is one of the top five causes of possible death for a dog. The liver removes waste and toxins from the blood as well as produces bile to aid digestion. When the liver is compromised, the health of your dog is in jeopardy. Dogs with liver disease may show any number of signs and symptoms. A few symptoms, such as jaundice, are specific to liver disease and other liver problems. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Drug targeting to the diseased liver. AU - Poelstra, Klaas. AU - Prakash, Jai. AU - Beljaars, Leonie. PY - 2012/7/20. Y1 - 2012/7/20. N2 - Many serious liver diseases affecting millions of people world-wide cannot be treated despite many efforts which warrants a search for new therapeutic strategies. Potent drugs may not be effective enough in vivo or exhibit adverse effects and enhanced delivery into the target cells may improve this significantly. We aim to summarize the available options for drug delivery to the different intrahepatic cell-types. The most relevant target cells are identified for each liver disease and the strategies for drug delivery to these cells are subsequently reviewed. The review describes the use of proteins, viruses, polymers and liposomes for therapeutic purposes in various liver diseases. It is shown that to date, all resident intrahepatic cells can be reached with several different drug carriers. Much progress has been made in recent years to ...
This hospital-based retrospective study has characterized the patterns of liver disease, clinical pictures, and hospital mortality rate of patients. Here we compare our findings with available studies. From this study, we observed that the most commonly affected age group is 31-50 years of age and the majority of cases are males. This finding is similar to studies done in different parts of the country. 15,16 If these observations are going to be repeated in future studies, the same age group could be a target for preventive measures. The most common pattern of liver disease found in this study was chronic liver disease (CLD), which accounts for 90.1% of all liver diseases. The global prevalence of cirrhosis from autopsy studies ranges from 4.5% to 9.5% of the general population 17,18,19. In Nigeria, there is also a high incidence of CLD with varying degrees of prevalence reported in different geopolitical areas across the country. 21 Our finding, however, is higher than a report from a study ...
April 30, 2017 Doctors continually strive to get the best possible information available while striking a balance between good, reliable data which is essential for accurate diagnoses, and patient comfort and safety. Enter liver elastography.. For years, a liver biopsy was the most reliable way to assess the status of patients with chronic liver disease.. Dr. Scott King, a radiologist at Inland Imaging, explains the background, When someone has chronic liver disease, most commonly Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, and alcohol abuse, the chronic inflammation eventually results in liver scarring. When this scarring, or fibrosis, becomes severe, the risk of complications of chronic liver disease, including liver cancer, increases dramatically.. Liver biopsy can determine the degree of liver fibrosis. There are potential medical complications with biopsy, however, not to mention other inconveniences. Patients may experience pain, must undergo sedation, require up to a day of recovery time, and need to ...
The negative effects of obesity on overall health have been well-established along with the increasing rates throughout both the U.S. and internationally. Obesity as a comorbidity in liver disease can affect progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compound alcohol-related liver complications. Recent studies have also shown that obesity in liver disease may have a more complex
Although many different pathogenic agents and processes can affect the liver (Table 14-1), they are generally manifested in individual patients in a limited number of ways that can be assessed by evaluating some key parameters. Liver disease can be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, mild or severe, and reversible or irreversible. Most cases of acute liver disease (eg, caused by viral hepatitis) are so mild that they never come to medical attention. Transient symptoms of fatigue, loss of appetite, and nausea are often ascribed to other causes (eg, flu), and minor biochemical abnormalities referable to the liver that would be identified in blood studies are not discovered. The patient recovers without any lasting medical consequences. In other cases of acute liver injury, symptoms and signs are severe enough to call for medical attention. The entire range of liver functions may be affected or only a few, as is the case with liver injury resulting from certain drugs that cause isolated impairment ...
Although many different pathogenic agents and processes can affect the liver (Table 14-1), they are generally manifested in individual patients in a limited number of ways that can be assessed by evaluation of some key parameters. Liver disease can be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, mild or severe, and reversible or irreversible. Most cases of acute liver disease (eg, caused by viral hepatitis) are so mild that they never come to medical attention. Transient symptoms of fatigue, loss of appetite, and nausea are often ascribed to other causes (eg, flu), and minor biochemical abnormalities referable to the liver that would be identified in blood studies are not discovered. The patient recovers without any lasting medical consequences. In other cases of acute liver injury, symptoms and signs are severe enough to call for medical attention. The entire range of liver functions may be affected or only a few, as is the case with liver injury resulting from certain drugs that cause isolated ...
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Somatostatin analogues reduce liver volumes in polycystic liver disease. However, patients show considerable variability in treatment responses. Our aim was to identify specific patient, disease or treatment characteristics that predict response in polycystic liver disease during somatostatin analogue therapy. METHODS: We pooled the individual patient data of four trials that evaluated long-acting somatostatin analogues (120 mg lanreotide or 40 mg octreotide) for 6-12 months in polycystic liver disease patients. We performed uni- and multivariate linear regression analysis with preselected patient, disease and drug variables to identify independent predictors of response, defined as per cent change in liver or kidney volume (in ADPKD subgroup). All analyses were adjusted for baseline liver volume and centre. RESULTS: We included 153 polycystic liver disease patients (86% female, median liver volume 4974 ml) from three international centres, all treated with octreotide (n = 70) ...
Isolated polycystic liver disease is an inherited disorder in which cysts occur only in the liver without renal involvement. The two genes, PRKCSH, encoding hepatocystin, and SEC63, are found in patients with isolated polycystic liver disease ...
stage Liver Disease - MedHelps stage Liver Disease Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for stage Liver Disease. Find stage Liver Disease information, treatments for stage Liver Disease and stage Liver Disease symptoms.
TY - JOUR. T1 - Accuracy of stress myocardial perfusion imaging to diagnose coronary artery disease in end stage liver disease patients. AU - Bhutani, Suchit. AU - Tobis, Jonathan. AU - Gevorgyan, Rubine. AU - Sinha, Arjun. AU - Suh, William. AU - Honda, Henry M.. AU - Vorobiof, Gabriel. AU - Packard, René R.S.. AU - Steadman, Randolph. AU - Wray, Christopher. AU - Busuttil, Ronald. AU - Tseng, Chi Hong. PY - 2013/4/1. Y1 - 2013/4/1. N2 - Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) who also have underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) may be at increased risk for undergoing hemodynamically challenging orthotopic liver transplantation. Noninvasive single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging is often used to determine whether a patient with ESLD has unsuspected CAD. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of SPECT imaging for detection of CAD in patients with ESLD. Patients with ESLD who underwent coronary angiography and SPECT imaging before orthotopic liver ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Chronic Liver Disease Patients. AU - Ferrucci, Leah M.. AU - Bell, Beth P.. AU - Dhotre, Kathy B.. AU - Manos, M. Michele. AU - Terrault, Norah A.. AU - Zaman, Atif. AU - Murphy, Rosemary C.. AU - VanNess, Grace R.. AU - Thomas, Ann R.. AU - Bialek, Stephanie R.. AU - Desai, Mayur M.. AU - Sofair, Andre N.. PY - 2010/2. Y1 - 2010/2. N2 - To examine a wide range of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as potential predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, with a focus on CAM therapies with the greatest potential for hepatotoxicity and interactions with conventional treatments. There is some evidence that patients with CLD commonly use CAM to address general and CLD-specific health concerns.. AB - To examine a wide range of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as potential predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among chronic liver ...
387847358 - EP 2227689 A4 20110330 - BIOMARKERS FOR FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND METHODS USING THE SAME - [origin: WO2009059150A2] The present invention provides various biomarkers of fatty liver disease, including steatosis and steatohepatitis. The present invention also provides various methods of using the biomarkers, including methods for diagnosis of fatty liver disease, methods of determining predisposition to fatty liver disease, methods of monitoring progression/regression of fatty liver disease, methods of assessing efficacy of compositions for treating fatty liver disease, methods of screening compositions for activity in modulating biomarkers of fatty liver disease, methods of treating fatty liver disease, as well as other methods based on biomarkers of fatty liver disease.[origin: WO2009059150A2] The present invention provides various biomarkers of fatty liver disease, including steatosis and steatohepatitis. The present invention also provides various methods of using the biomarkers, including
March is Liver Health Month. Raising awareness about this disease is important to us at RLCF, because 1 in 10 Canadians lives with some type of liver disease. We caught up with our friends at the Canadian Liver Foundation to share some important information about the most commonly diagnosed liver disease: fatty liver disease.. Fatty liver disease is only 1 of over 100 different types of liver diseases, but according to Health Canada it is the most diagnosed liver disease among Canadians. This type of liver disease is a result of excess fat in the liver cells and affects adult men, women and children. In Canada, the leading cause of fatty liver disease is obesity. Alarmingly, the number of obese children in Canada has nearly tripled in the last decade. As obesity becomes more prevalent, statistics have shown that approximately 25% of Canadians or as many as 8 million people are affected by fatty liver disease, even children as young as 4 years old.. Rising as one of the most common and fastest ...
govind ram liver transplant consultant of india support group provides information on liver transplant in india, cost of liver transplant, liver diseases, liver transplant, pre-transplant preparation, peri or post transplant care of liver recipient and liver donor, cadaver organ donation,cadaver liver donation, etc. by the most experienced liver transplant coordinator Anshu Gupta in india.,Complete Medical Guide to Organ donation, Organ Transplant, Multi-Organ Transplant,Gastroenterology,Hepatology,GI Surgery,, Liver Cirrhosis,liver diseases,Liver Operation, Liver Specialist,liver surgery,Liver Transplant India, Liver Transplant in India, Liver Transplant Surgeon, Liver Transplantation,Gastrointestinal Surgery,Support Group, Liver Transplant Consultant of India,Govind Ram, Dr Subash Gupta,Anshu Gupta,Liver Transplant India, Liver Transplant,Gastroenterology,Hepatology,GI Surgery,, Liver Cirrhosis,liver diseases,Liver Operation, Liver Specialist,liver surgery Liver Transplant, liver transplant
Chronic liver diseases are known to cause several skin manifestations, including cutaneous vascular changes such as spider naevus and palmar erythema. Arteriovenous haemangioma (AVH), a benign acquired cutaneous vascular lesion, has also been reported to be associated with chronic liver disease. We report here four cases of AVH in patients with chronic liver disease: (i) a 59-year-old man who had suffered from chronic active hepatitis associated with hepatitis C virus for 15 years; (ii) a 48-year-old man who had suffered from alcoholic hepatitis for 3 years and was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis 1 year ago; (iii) a 69-year-old female who had had chronic active hepatitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection for 20 years and was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis 7 years ago; and (iv) a 48-year-old man who had had chronic active hepatitis associated with hepatitis B virus infection for about 20 years. All patients showed an asymptomatic solitary dome-shaped reddish papule, 5-10 mm in diameter, ...
govind ram liver transplant consultant of india support group provides information on liver transplant in india, cost of liver transplant, liver diseases, liver transplant, pre-transplant preparation, peri or post transplant care of liver recipient and liver donor, cadaver organ donation,cadaver liver donation, etc. by the most experienced liver transplant coordinator Anshu Gupta in india.,Complete Medical Guide to Organ donation, Organ Transplant, Multi-Organ Transplant,Gastroenterology,Hepatology,GI Surgery,, Liver Cirrhosis,liver diseases,Liver Operation, Liver Specialist,liver surgery,Liver Transplant India, Liver Transplant in India, Liver Transplant Surgeon, Liver Transplantation,Gastrointestinal Surgery,Support Group, Liver Transplant Consultant of India,Govind Ram, Dr Subash Gupta,Anshu Gupta,Liver Transplant India, Liver Transplant,Gastroenterology,Hepatology,GI Surgery,, Liver Cirrhosis,liver diseases,Liver Operation, Liver Specialist,liver surgery Liver Transplant, liver transplant
This axial (cross sectional) CT, through the upper abdomen with oral contrast, shows extensive cysts within the liver which is enlarged. You can see the enlarged liver bulging towards the anterior abdominal wall. This condition is often autosomal dominant in inheritance and is often associated with cystic disease of the kidneys. The incidence of cystic change increases with age. Development of symptoms may be due to the associated mass effect on surrounding structures or associations with other abnormalities. - Stock Image M130/0999
Introduction: The RELAX-AHF (Relaxin in Acute Heart Failure [AHF]) Phase lll study (NCT00520806) examined the effects of serelaxin (recombinant human relaxin-2) in patients with AHF, and demonstrated favorable tolerability with benefits on short- and longer-term outcomes. The present study evaluated the effect of hepatic impairment on serelaxin pharmacokinetics (PK). Secondary study objectives included safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of serelaxin.. Methods: This open-label, parallel-group study (NCT01433458) enrolled patients 18-70 years of age (mean age 52.0; SD 8.8) with mild (n=9), moderate (n=8), or severe (n=8) hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A, B, and C, respectively) and matched healthy volunteers (n=24). All subjects received a single 24h IV infusion of serelaxin 30 μg/kg/day. Blood sampling and standard safety assessments were conducted. Noncompartmental PK parameters were estimated based on the serelaxin serum concentration-time profiles. Primary PK parameters [including ...
Adrenal gland dysfunction, resulting in hormonal imbalance.. These are just some of the causes of elevated liver enzymes. A host of other conditions may lead to a high liver enzymes count in the blood.. Elevated liver enzymes in pregnancy. Increased liver enzymes during pregnancy may occur due to hereditary liver disorders and viral hepatitis, which can prove fatal to both mother and infant. Elevated liver enzymes during pregnancy may occur due to medical conditions such as ICP (Intrahepatic Choletasis of Pregnancy) and HELLP syndrome. This acronym stands for the breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis), elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (low chance of blood clotting). In most cases, pregnancy hormones, immune disorders, and a family history of liver problems cause high liver enzymes in pregnancy and related conditions. Hormonal imbalances during pregnancy may also increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, causing increased liver enzymes in pregnancy.. Elevated liver enzymes ...
End stage liver disease symptoms - The final stage of liver cirrhosis - Liver conditions - Condition | Our.... We provides LiverActive Liver Detox formula contains several natural ingredients to help maintain a healthy liver. Listen to your liver and dont ignore the warning signs.
Donnan , P T , McLernon , D , Steinke , D , Ryder , S , Roderick , P , Sullivan , F M , Rosenberg , W & Dillon , J F 2007 , Development of a decision support tool to facilitate primary care management of patients with abnormal liver function tests without clinically apparent liver disease [HTA03/38/02] : Abnormal Liver Function Investigations Evaluation (ALFIE) BMC Health Services Research , vol 7 , 54 . DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-7- ...
Liver diseases are not only common among high alcohol consumers but many non-alcohol consumers also suffer from liver complications due to high Body Mass Index (BMI). There is a linear relationship between BMI and non-alcoholic liver diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis (NASH). The risk of severe liver diseases increases 5-10-fold in obese patients and 10-20-fold in morbidly obese patients. Also, people with high Body Mass Index (BMI) are at an increased risk of developing diabetes which in turn can increase the risk of developing severe liver disease. As per WHO guidelines, the optimal BMI is between 18.5 to 24.9, said Dr. Sumana Kolar. An abdomen ultrasound along with liver function test can diagnose Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis (NASH). The definitive test for the same would be a liver biopsy. Generally, corporate employees are more prone to developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to work stress and sedentary ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Observer error and sampling variability tested in evaluation of hepatitis and cirrhosis by liver biopsy. AU - Soloway, Roger D.. AU - Baggenstoss, Archie H.. AU - Schoenfield, Leslie J.. AU - Summerskill, W. H.J.. PY - 1971/12/1. Y1 - 1971/12/1. N2 - In 50 patients with chronic active liver disease, observer and sampling error in histologically evaluating hepatitis and cirrhosis after blind-needle biopsy of the liver was assessed from coded tissue. This was done by repeated readings of the same specimens by the same pathologist, by sequential biopsies from the same patients with cirrhosis, and by multiple simultaneous biopsies from adjacent areas of the liver. Observer error was small. The consistency of grading the individual histologic characteristics of hepatitis was 90%, and the reproducibility of the degree of either hepatitis or cirrhosis was 94%. Sampling error was also trivial in hepatitis, indicating that a single needle biopsy accurately reflects the type and degree of ...
London, June 17 (IANS) Being overweight during adolescence can put men at significantly higher risk of developing severe liver disease later in life, says a study. The findings are based on 40 years follow-up of study of nearly 45,000 Swedish men.. The study showed that adolescent males with a body mass index (BMI) above 25 are at a 64 per cent increased risk of developing severe liver diseases and liver cell cancer in their late lives. Even for one kg/m2 increase in BMI, obese males can face a five per cent increased risk, the study said.. It is possible that this increased risk is caused by a longer exposure to being overweight, compared to becoming overweight or obese later in life and that individuals with a longer history of being overweight have an increased risk of severe liver disease, said lead investigator Hannes Hagstrom from Karolinska University in Sweden.. In addition, overweight and obesity are associated with a worse prognosis in several liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Liver disease and protein needs.. AU - Mezey, E.. N1 - Copyright: This record is sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. PY - 1982. Y1 - 1982. N2 - Protein deficiency is often associated with liver disease. The principal cause of protein deficiency is decreased dietary intake. Deficiencies in digestion and absorption that are common in alcoholics contribute to protein deficiency in alcoholic liver disease. The protein requirements in most patients with compensated chronic liver disease are not different from normal, but increase during episodes of hepatocellular deterioration. An increased demand for protein after liver injury drains nitrogen from other organs such as muscle. Aromatic amino acids released from muscle in increased amounts accumulate in the circulation of patients with chronic liver disease because of their decreased hepatic metabolism. By contrast branched chain amino acids decrease in the circulation because of their ...
For the first time, researchers have shown that a bi-directional relationship exists between fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Fatty liver disease can lead to increased cardiovascular disease risk and vice versa.. The findings, which appear online in the Journal of Hepatology, are important in understanding the link between fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease, which continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.. Due to the increased prevalence of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common liver disease in the U.S., affecting 20-30 percent of the adult population. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease - so both diseases exist in many patients. Previous studies have shown that there is a link between fatty liver and cardiovascular disease however it is not fully understood if fatty liver disease precedes or develops after cardiovascular disease.. Using data from participants in the ...
Background amp; Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is very common in the general population, but identifying patients with increased risk of mortality and liver-specific morbidity remains a challenge. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is thought to enhance this risk; therefore, resolution of NASH is a major endpoint in current pharmacologic studies. Herein, we aim to investigate the long-term prognosis of a large cohort of NAFLD patients, and to study the specific effect of NASH and fibrosis stage on prognosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 646 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. Each case was matched for age, sex and municipality to ten controls. Outcomes on mortality and severe liver disease, defined as cirrhosis, liver decompensation/failure or hepatocellular carcinoma, were evaluated using population-based registers. Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex and type 2 diabetes were used to examine the long-term risk according to fibrosis stage. Likelihood ...
SHAFAQNA-. A nutritionist about  fatty liver disease described and emphasized on the role of nutrition in controlling the disease.. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat within liver cells. However, all people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular problems such as heart attacks and high blood pressure.. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease describes a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat within liver cells. But when nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated cirrhosis , the condition becomes worth. Liver inflammation leads to scarring of the liver tissue. With time, scarring can become so severe that the liver no longer functions adequately (liver failure).. Most people with simple fatty liver or NASH have no symptoms. However, some people with simple fatty liver or NASH have a nagging persistent pain in the upper right part of the tummy (abdomen), over an enlarged ...
Background & Aims: High alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of severe liver disease. Current recommendations suggest it is safe for men to consume 30 grams of alcohol per day. We investigated the association between alcohol consumption early in life and later development of severe liver disease.. Methods: We used data on alcohol consumption at conscription to military service from 43,296 men (18-20 years) in Sweden between 1969 and 1970. Outcomes were defined as incident diagnoses of severe liver disease from systematic national registration of clinical events until the end of 2009. A Cox regression model adjusted for body mass index, smoking, use of narcotics, cognitive ability and cardiovascular capacity was applied.. Results: During a mean follow-up of 37.8 years, 383 men developed severe liver disease. Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of development of severe liver disease in a dose-response pattern (adjusted hazard ratio for every one gram/day ...
Background & Aims: High alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of severe liver disease. Current recommendations suggest it is safe for men to consume 30 grams of alcohol per day. We investigated the association between alcohol consumption early in life and later development of severe liver disease.. Methods: We used data on alcohol consumption at conscription to military service from 43,296 men (18-20 years) in Sweden between 1969 and 1970. Outcomes were defined as incident diagnoses of severe liver disease from systematic national registration of clinical events until the end of 2009. A Cox regression model adjusted for body mass index, smoking, use of narcotics, cognitive ability and cardiovascular capacity was applied.. Results: During a mean follow-up of 37.8 years, 383 men developed severe liver disease. Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of development of severe liver disease in a dose-response pattern (adjusted hazard ratio for every one gram/day ...
If you have been told that you have fatty liver disease, you are among 25 percent of people in the United States and 24 percent of people worldwide who have this condition. Fatty liver disease occurs when fat is deposited in the liver due to causes other than excessive alcohol use. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one type of fatty liver. NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in developed countries. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most extreme and fastest progressing subtype of NAFLD.. NASH and NAFLD are the leading causes of chronic liver disease. NAFLD is associated with insulin resistance, increasing body mass index (BMI) and age, and metabolic syndrome (obesity, combined hyperlipidemia, Type II diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure) as well as hypoxia caused by obstructive sleep apnea. Being male might also be a risk factor for NAFLD, as NAFLD has been observed to be more prevalent in men than women.. A liver biopsy is the only test widely accepted as ...
At MD Biosciences, diet-induced mouse models of NASH can be utilized for pharmacology, efficacy and mode of action approximation studies for promising anti-NASH compounds. Unveiling the role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in metabolic liver disease relating to obesity.
Keratin 8 and 18 (K8/18) phosphorylation plays a significant and site-specific role in regulating keratin filament organization, association with binding proteins, and modulation of cell cycle progression. Keratin hyperphosphorylation correlates with exposure to a variety of stresses in cultured cells and in mouse models of liver, pancreatic, and gallbladder injury, and it is found in association with mouse and human Mallory bodies. We asked whether K8/18 phosphorylation correlates with human liver disease progression by analyzing liver explants and biopsies of patients with chronic noncirrhotic hepatitis C virus (HCV) or cirrhosis. We also examined the effect of HCV therapy with interleukin-10 on keratin phosphorylation. Using site-specific antiphosphokeratin antibodies we found keratin hyperphosphorylation on most K8/18 sites in all cirrhotic liver explants tested and in most liver biopsies from patients with chronic HCV infection. Immunofluorescence staining of precirrhotic HCV livers showed ...
Best hospital for liver disease treatment in India. Learn more about liver disease conditions and liver treatments for liver related diseases offered by Global Hospitals India ay hyderabad, chennai, bangalore and mumbai. It is highly regarded as a center for the treatment of liver diseases in India.
Synonyms for hepatic insufficiency in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for hepatic insufficiency. 30 synonyms for insufficiency: shortage, lack, deficiency, want, poverty, inadequacy, short supply, scarcity, dearth, paucity, scantiness, inadequateness.... What are synonyms for hepatic insufficiency?
Its one thing to have a heart condition which requires you to be on warfarin, but its another to throw liver disease in the mix. This requires much more caution for patients and health care professionals. Liver disease, especially chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis or cancer, puts a patient at a much higher risk for bleeding. When the liver becomes so damaged it can no longer heal itself, it loses the ability to produce enough of the clotting factors that stop someone from bleeding after being cut. Many patients with chronic liver disease suffer from frequent internal bleeding, usually in the stomach or intestine.. If you need to be on anticoagulation therapy and have liver disease, it is very important you be pro-active in your own care. If you monitor your INR at home, check your INR as instructed by your doctor and take it at the same time of day every day. You also need to take your warfarin exactly as instructed by your doctor. Be sure to plan your schedule so as not to miss any of ...
Unexpected discovery of a new molecular signature for a destructive and often lethal pediatric liver disease may lead to a new therapeutic target for the hard-to-treat condition.. In a study that included human livers and a mouse model of biliary atresia, researchers report in the November Journal of Clinical Investigation that not all children with biliary atresia share the same disease process. Some patients have a second molecular conductor of disease called Th2 (T helper cell 2) immune system.. Biliary atresia is disease that destroys the bile ducts in and near the liver in the first few months of life. Driven by an overly aggressive immune system response after birth, the condition is the most common cause of severe pediatric liver disease. The ducts, which normally carry bile from the liver and gall bladder to the intestines, become blocked over time. Even with treatment, which can include surgery, children often need a liver transplant within two years of birth.. Despite the need for ...
GPs frequently see patients with abnormal liver function tests, but which of them actually have alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)? Using a patient scenario, Dr Pipin Singh discusses assessment and action to take.
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical factor for T cell development and for maintaining and restoring homeostasis of mature T cells. Polymorphisms at α-chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL7R or CD127) gene are related to evolution of HIV-infection, but there are no data concerning the evolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between IL7R polymorphisms and severe liver disease in HCV/HIV coinfected patients. We performed a cross-sectional study in 220 naïve patients who underwent a liver biopsy. IL7R polymorphisms (rs6897932, rs987106 and rs3194051) were genotyped using the GoldenGate® assay. The outcome variables were: (a) liver biopsy: advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3), severe activity grade (A3); (b) non-invasive indexes: advanced fibrosis (APRI ≥1.5 and FIB-4 ≥3.25). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between IL7R polymorphisms and outcome variables. This test gives the differences between groups and the odds ratio
In adult PCLD (AD-PCLD), enlargement of the liver occurs slowly and only rarely compromises liver function. Only those patients with clearly disabling pain should be considered for surgery. In patient... more
... , or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. ... Fibrinolysis generally proceeds faster with acute liver failure and advanced stage liver disease, unlike chronic liver disease ... Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) "Liver Diseases". MedlinePlus. MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Liver function tests "NHS ... alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. In the earlier stages of alcoholic liver disease, fat builds up in ...
... can exist either as isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD), part of autosomal dominant polycystic ... autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (with kidney cysts) and autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (liver cysts ... Polycystic liver disease (PLD) usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue. PLD ... of all cases of end-stage renal disease. The much rarer autosomal-dominant polycystic liver disease will progress without any ...
The liver is a common site for metastatic disease because of its rich, dual blood supply (the liver receives blood via the ... "Prognosis of patients with metastatic liver disease diagnosed by liver scan". Archived from the original on 2014-01-03. ... Metastatic Liver Cancer: Tumors of the Liver: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook Treatment of metastatic liver cancer and ... Patients with Colorectal cancer will develop liver metastases during the disease Tumor emboli entering the sinusoids through ...
There are two types of fatty liver disease: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease. NAFLD is ... "Fatty Liver Disease in Birds". Animal House of Chicago. Retrieved 29 December 2020. "Fatty Liver Disease in Lizards". Wag!. ... Fatty liver disease (FLD), also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver. Often there ... Fatty liver can also be induced in ruminants such as sheep by a high caloric diet. "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease & NASH". ...
... (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver ... It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries. Although steatosis (fatty liver disease) will develop in any ... It is usually not until development of advanced liver disease that stigmata of chronic liver disease become apparent. Early ALD ... Sex: Women are twice as susceptible to alcohol-related liver disease, and may develop alcoholic liver disease with shorter ...
"Chronic liver disease" refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months. It consists of a wide range of ... Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive ... Testing for chronic liver disease involves blood tests, imaging including ultrasound, and a biopsy of the liver. The liver ... Chronic Liver Disease Causes, Symptoms And Treatment - 27/01/2007 Liver Disease Archived 2010-01-31 at the Wayback Machine ...
... (CLDF) is a UK charity taking action against the effects of childhood liver disease, ... a sign of possible liver disease. Children's Liver Disease Foundation website (Articles lacking in-text citations from October ... The name was later changed to Children's Liver Disease Foundation. Today the charity works in four main areas, support of ... CLDF provides support to families and young people affected by childhood liver disease, including an 'on-call' telephone and ...
Liver Transplantation and Clinical Liver Disease. Clinical Liver Disease is a multimedia review journal. It is clinical in ... Reau, Nancy (July 19, 2016). "Clinical Liver Disease, a multimedia review journal". Clinical Liver Disease. Wiley.com. doi: ... the premier journal in the field of liver disease Liver Transplantation, an official publication of AASLD Clinical Liver ... which is the largest worldwide scientific conference on liver diseases. It also conducts several regional liver disease ...
NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease are types of fatty liver disease. Obtaining a sample of the liver after excluding other ... For people with NASH and end-stage liver disease, liver failure, or liver cancer, liver transplantation is an accepted ... Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is ... "Obesity epidemic results in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) becoming the most common cause of liver disease in Europe ...
... (PELD) is a disease severity scoring system for children under 12 years of age. It is ... This score is also used by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) for prioritizing allocation of liver transplants. PELD ...
The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, or MELD, is a scoring system for assessing the severity of chronic liver disease. It was ... considering 3,437 adult liver transplant candidates with chronic liver disease who were added to the OPTN waiting list at 2A or ... The etiology of liver disease was subsequently removed from the model because it posed difficulties such as how to categorize ... patients with multiple causes of liver disease. Modification of the MELD score by excluding etiology of liver disease did not ...
... is a textbook on hepatology and gastroenterology for medical ... de Villiers, Willem JS (March 2007). "Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease". Shock. 27 (3): 344. doi: ... Ghent, C.N. (3 September 1998). "Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, ... Greenberger, Norton (October 2007). "Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal Liver Disease". Gastroenterology. 133 (4): 1387 ...
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease MELD-Plus Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease Milan criteria Child-Pugh score "Liver Transplant ... Asrani SK, Kim WR (May 2010). "Organ allocation for chronic liver disease: model for end-stage liver disease and beyond". Curr ... Liver Disease or UKELD is a medical scoring system used to predict the prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease. It is ... February 2008). "Selection of patients for liver transplantation and allocation of donated livers in the UK". Gut. 57 (2): 252- ...
Sargent, Suzanne (2009). Liver Diseases; An essential guide for nurses and healthcare professionals. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 24-25 ... It should be considered in upper abdominal pain presenting with UGI bleeding especially when there is a history of liver injury ... and liver biopsy. Combination of EGD, CT scan and angiography depending on clinical situation, bearing in mind that haemobilia ... the Anatomy of the liver), 1654 (Cambridge Wellcome texts and documents). Cambridge: Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine ...
... of liver disease, and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80-90% of liver cells). The ... Wilson's disease (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure. Acute liver failure also ... in a patient without known prior liver disease".page 1557 The diagnosis of acute liver failure is based on physical exam, ... Polson, J; Lee, WM; American Association for the Study of Liver, Disease (May 2005). "AASLD position paper: the management of ...
Liver involvement of Crohn's disease can include cirrhosis and steatosis. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Nonalcoholic ... National Research Council (2003). "Johne's Disease and Crohn's Disease". Diagnosis and Control of Johne's Disease. Washington, ... in Crohn's disease correlates with enhanced TNF-alpha secretion". Digestive and Liver Disease. 39 (5): 445-51. doi:10.1016/j. ... inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer". Seminars in Liver Disease. 26 (1): 31-41. doi:10.1055/s-2006-933561. PMID ...
... can accumulate in individuals with severe liver disease, increasing its half-life. A 2011 review found that increased ... Muriel P, Arauz J (July 2010). "Coffee and liver diseases". Fitoterapia. 81 (5): 297-305. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003. ... Rodopoulos N, Wisén O, Norman A (May 1995). "Caffeine metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease". Scandinavian Journal ... It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Some people experience sleep ...
... for treatment of gastro-oesphageal reflux disease". Digestive and Liver Disease. 44 (8): 631-5. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2012.03.019. ... Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is one of the upper gastrointestinal chronic ... October 2004). "There is no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected ... Granderath, Frank Alexander; Kamolz, Thomas; Pointner, Rudolph (2006). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Principles of Disease, ...
Ramalingaswami, V.; Nayak, N. C. (1970). "Liver disease in India". Progress in Liver Diseases. 3: 222-235. PMID 4910369. ...
Digestive and Liver Disease. 37 (4): 219-26. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2005.01.003. PMID 15788203. Carbone, Antonino; Gloghini, ... Lists of diseases, Infectious diseases, Infectious causes of cancer, Diseases and disorders, Inflammations). ... Diseases may also be multifactorial, requiring multiple factors to induce disease. For example: in a murine model, Crohn's ... The history of infection and disease were observed in the 1800s and related to the one of the tick-borne diseases, Rocky ...
Page 256 in Neil Kaplowitz (1996). Liver and Biliary Diseases. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683045451. Justin, M; Zaman, S; ... Page 1964 in: Florian Lang (2009). Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN ... Chapter: Ear, Nose and Throat Histopathology in L. Michaels (1987). Normal Anatomy, Histology; Inflammatory Diseases. Springer ... Examples of visceromegaly are enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), spleen (splenomegaly), stomach, kidneys, and pancreas. Values ...
Muriel P, Arauz J (2010). "Coffee and liver diseases". Fitoterapia. 81 (5): 297-305. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003. PMID ... It may protect people from liver cirrhosis. There is no evidence that coffee stunts a child's growth. Caffeine may increase the ... Stimulants produce a fast-acting and pronounced but transient and short-lived mood lift. In relation to this, they are ... Moderate coffee consumption may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, and it may somewhat reduce the risk of type 2 ...
... inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer". Seminars in Liver Disease. 26 (1): 31-41. doi:10.1055/s-2006-933561. PMID ... Inflammatory bowel disease-22 World Inflammatory Bowel Disease Day GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence ... The chief types of inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Inflammatory bowel diseases fall ... Liver function tests are often elevated in inflammatory bowel disease, and are often mild and generally return spontaneously to ...
The residual prevalence of chronic hepatitis D in HBV liver diseases in Western Europe is, as of 2010, between 4.5% and 10%, ... Patients with advanced HBV liver disease are the most suitable category of HBV carriers to determine the epidemiology and real ... In Asia up to 2015, the highest prevalences of chronic HDV liver disease were reported in Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan, and ... Smedile, A; Rizzetto, M; Gerin, J (February 1994). "Advances in hepatitis D virus biology and disease". Progress in Liver ...
Hemochromatosis may present with the following clinical syndromes: liver: chronic liver disease and cirrhosis of the liver. ... liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer. Also, total iron binding capacity may be low, but can also be normal. In males and ... and family history of liver disease, additional evaluation of liver iron concentration is indicated. In this case, diagnosis of ... Maddrey, Willis C.; Schiff, Eugene R.; Sorrell, Michael F. (2007). Schiff's diseases of the liver. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott ...
Murray, Karen F.; Larson, Anne M. (2010-07-23). Fibrocystic Diseases of the Liver. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN ... Other known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, ... eds.). Genetic Diseases of the Kidney. Academic Press. pp. 425-46. ISBN 978-0-08-092427-4. Simms, Roslyn J.; Hynes, Ann Marie; ... It is classified as a medullary cystic kidney disease. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and, ...
Dysbiosis in the gut flora has been linked with the development of cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Some genera ... Coppa, G.V; Zampini, L; Galeazzi, T; Gabrielli, O (2006). "Prebiotics in human milk: A review". Digestive and Liver Disease. 38 ... The gut-brain-liver axis and gut microbiota composition can regulate the glucose homeostasis in the liver and provide potential ... Minemura, Masami (2015). "Gut microbiota and liver diseases". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 21 (6): 1691-702. doi:10.3748/ ...
... at Who Named It? Budd G (1845). On diseases of the liver. London: John Churchill. p. 135. Brit Lib. ... Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for Budd-Chiari. It is generally reserved for patients with fulminant liver ... liver enlargement, enlargement of the spleen, fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity, elevated liver enzymes, and ... Liver cell death and severe lactic acidosis may be present as well. Caudate lobe enlargement is often present. The majority of ...
Schiff ER, Maddrey WC, Sorrell MF (2011). Schiff's Diseases of the Liver. John Wiley & Sons. p. PT3219. ISBN 978-1-119-95048-6 ... Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and liver transplantation. It can be given by mouth or by injection into a ... Mycophenolate sodium has also been used for the prevention of rejection in liver, heart, or lung transplants in children older ... In addition the FDA is investigating[when?] 16 people that developed a rare neurological disease while taking the drug. This is ...
Talwani R, Gilliam BL, Howell C (February 2011). "Infectious diseases and the liver". Clinics in Liver Disease. 15 (1): 111-130 ... Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and the disease was probably Weil's disease or hepatitis. ... Nearly a billion people live in an area of the world where the disease is common. It is common in tropical areas of the ... Wikipedia infectious disease articles ready to translate, Tropical diseases, Vaccine-preventable diseases). ...
Living people, California Institute of Technology faculty, 21st-century German physicists, Theoretical physicists, Year of ... to develop an implantable microelectronic retinal device that restores useful vision to people blinded by retinal diseases ( ...
Living people, Year of birth missing (living people), Singaporean women scientists, Singaporean infectious disease physicians, ... Leo is the executive director of the National Centre for Infectious Diseases and researches emerging infectious diseases. She ... but after a chance encounter with infectious disease specialist David Allen she became more interested in infectious diseases. ... She was one of the first doctors to be trained in infectious diseases in Singapore. In 1992 Leo worked as a clinical fellow in ...
The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Laszlo Varga, 89, Hungarian-born American cellist. ... Hasta luego, maestro Joan Barril (in Spanish) Ina Bauer gone, but move lives on Professor Anthony Birch: Political scientist ... Larry Auerbach, 91, American television director (Love of Life, One Life to Live, As the World Turns), complications of ... Joseph Sargent, 89, American film director (The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, MacArthur, Jaws: The Revenge), heart disease. ...
But on these conditions: everything must be as it has been hitherto-that is, she must live in Moscow while I live in the ... Chekhov died on 15 July 1904 at the age of 44 after a long fight with tuberculosis, the same disease that killed his brother. ... The family lived in poverty in Moscow. Chekhov's mother was physically and emotionally broken by the experience. Chekhov was ... Unexpectedly though, they gradually fall deeply in love and end up risking scandal and the security of their family lives. The ...
With most of them coming from humble beginnings, they made little money from painting and mostly lived in poverty, causing many ... to die young from diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. The 13 Generation emerged from the country's poorest ... The cultural references varied depending on the area where the people lived. Northern cultures, like the Diaguita, preferred ...
He was 91, and had Parkinson's disease, heart disease, and suffered several strokes prior to his death. Del Crandall at ... Crandall was the last living player to have played for the Boston Braves. Crandall was born in Ontario, California, on March 5 ... From August 2020 until his death, Crandall was the last living Boston Brave, following the death of Bert Thiel on July 31. ... Deaths from Parkinson's disease, Evansville Braves players, Gold Glove Award winners, Major League Baseball broadcasters, Major ...
The Positio was presented to Rome for further evaluation in 2011 and Pope Francis recognized that she had lived a life of ... Chrzanowska succumbed to the disease on 29 April 1973 in her apartment at 4:00am and the Cardinal Archbishop of Krakow Karol ... In 1966 she was diagnosed with cancer and despite several operations (one being on 13 December 1966) the disease spread. ...
Since the disease was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906, the only certain way to determine if a person indeed had the ... firms as a means of determining the ability of the drugs to reduce the buildup of amyloid protein in the brains of living ... The findings will require review by the FDA to confirm its reliability as a means of diagnosing the disease. If confirmed, the ... Doctors must diagnose the disease in patients with memory loss and dementia based on symptoms, and as many as 20% of patients ...
Lodge while practising medicine in London lived first in Warwick Lane, afterwards in Lambert Hill, and finally in Old Fish ... disease), People from West Ham, Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford, 16th-century English poets, English Renaissance dramatists, ...
During the War of the Spanish Succession early in the 18th century, there were reports of British settlers living on the ... but Spanish colonial authorities recaptured the fort there after its garrison was reduced by tropical disease. Most of Black ... and 3,000 armed Miskito and zambos living nearby, along with 30 British regulars. A report prepared by Hodgson in 1757 numbered ... where the Spanish garrison had been significantly reduced by disease. Lawrie and Despard regained control of Black River, ...
Benji, a stray dog who lives in an abandoned house on the outskirts of a small town, sets about his daily ritual of visiting ... Chapman tells his despondent children that Benji carries diseases and forbids them from keeping him as a pet in spite of ...
As a child, Lee had an open heart surgery to repair his cardiac valve that did not function properly due to a heart disease. ... Kim Min-ji (March 4, 2021). "려욱·이진혁→산다라박, 라이브 시트콤 '온에어-비밀계약' 라인업 확" [Ryeowook, Jinhyuk Lee → Sandara Park, live sitcom 'On Air- ... Living people, 1996 births, 21st-century South Korean male singers, South Korean male idols, Produce 101 contestants, K-pop ... 2019 and the showcase was also broadcast live through Vlive app. Lee released his second extended play Splash! on June 30, 2020 ...
There lived in this same family a young man, a slave, who was in the habit of running away. He returned one time after a week's ... First of all, the disease rates among the new colonists were the highest since accurate record-keeping began. Over 50% of them ... Ten had lived in slave states. One, Birney, had been an agent of the Colonization Society. Arguments addressing the first ... These students lived, studied, and taught the local black community. The rebels also preached in local black and white churches ...
... threatening to open the gates of the underworld and allow the spirits of the dead to swarm the world of the living if her ... had an entourage of minor war gods and disease demons instead. The idea of Nergal and Ereshkigal as a couple likely developed ... "the two deities seem to reunite and live happily ever after," and the myth concludes with the line "they impetuously entered ...
With synthetic live viruses, it is not whole viruses that are synthesized but rather their genome at first, both in the case of ... Bioterrorism Disease X Cello, Jeronimo; Paul, Aniko V.; Wimmer, Eckard (2002-08-09). "Chemical Synthesis of Poliovirus cDNA: ... a new opportunity to understand and prevent viral disease". Nature Biotechnology. 27 (12): 1163-72. doi:10.1038/nbt.1593. ISSN ...
The food shortages in Europe after World War I caused great hardships, including cases of mangel-wurzel disease, as relief ... which afflicted those who lived solely on beets. Mohammadi, Dara (2017-01-01). "The twists and turns of colorectal cancer ... Relief workers invented names for things they had never seen before, such as the mangel-wurzel disease, ...
He died in 1996 in Alcorn County, Mississippi after a long battle with Parkinson's disease. The "whiskey speech", delivered on ... gracious living into the bottomless pit of degradation, and despair, and shame and helplessness, and hopelessness, then ...
Neurological disease deaths in Germany, Infectious disease deaths in Germany, Deaths from meningitis, 20th-century Italian ... Senoner was born in Bolzano, in the province of South Tyrol, and lived in Santa Cristina Gherdëina, in the Ladin-speaking ...
Bills prohibiting Asian-Americans from serving on corporate boards or from living outside districts both failed. The ... "serves as the cesspool of poisons of the body and becomes the culture bed of certain diseases" and persuaded a surgeon to ...
"THE MAN WHO SAVED ONE MILLION LIVES". The Geological Society of America. Archived from the original on January 19, 2010. Stumpf ... ulcers of the tibia and the skin disease eczema. He worked at the University of Würzburg. Reinbacher, W. Rudolf. " ...
That which enables living beings to acquire Self-realization in all the states of the embodied ones is Mudrā.... So Khecarī ... "Yogic posture which bestows spiritual attainment and enables one to overcome disease and death." He explains that "Kha denotes ... lives for 100,000 years. A tantric Saiva text, the Mālinīvijayottaratantra, warns: [If] his mouth fills with a slightly salty ...
Many people initially lived in temporary housing - such as pit houses, tents, or huts. Although there was promise of land, most ... The destiny of the remaining seven people is unknown; they could have found freedom or died of disease during the war. It is ... She is listed as Deborah Lynch, living in a house with Mr. Lynch. In the same house was Neil Robinson, who is believed to have ... Peter Lynch, a farmer lived along Roseway River in 1786 and 1787. He was identified as one of the slaveholders in the Shelburne ...
These troops lived to fight the Americans at the Battle of Driniumor River later in the year, and the Australians in the Aitape ... Hundreds of Japanese soldiers were killed; thousands more died from disease, malnutrition, exhaustion and suicide. The Allies ... Japanese casualties were 420 killed and 136 found dead, victims of disease, malnutrition, and suicide. Only six Japanese ... resulting in disease, malnutrition, and privation for the Japanese soldiers. Meanwhile, the Allied supply system grappled with ...
... es generally live in moist areas but can survive in dry areas if they have access to water. They prefer high ... Cockroaches can pick up disease-causing bacteria, such as Salmonella, on their legs and later deposit them on foods and cause ... After hatching, the nymphs feed and undergo a series of 13 moultings (or ecdysis). Adult cockroaches can live up to an ... In residential areas outside the tropics, these cockroaches live in basements and sewers and may move outdoors into yards ...
And when they'd come by they would say,"Where does the sage live?" and he would say, "he's gone, he doesn't live here anymore ... In the 1980s Adams developed Parkinson's disease, which forced him to settle in one location and receive the appropriate care. ... In those days there were many people or sadhus living in the other caves above him. ...Now the sadhus lived above him about ... His claims of living in Arthur Osborne's house have been questioned by Katya Osborne and Michael James and found to be likely ...
Cohen, Patricia (March 2, 2017). "Paul Kangas, 79, Anchor Who Brought Stocks Into Living Rooms, Dies". The New York Times. p. ... He died on February 28, 2017, in Miami, Florida, from complications of Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer, aged 79. In ...
One impact that has been well recorded is the transmission of disease. Goldfish ulcer disease (GUD) is a bacterial disease ... Prior to colonisation, the Boolarra area was part of the country of the Gunaikurnai people, who had lived there for over 20,000 ... However, there has been one recorded outbreak of the disease in a silver perch fish farm in NSW. Trout are at high risk of ...
In 2002 he was diagnosed with ALS and has been coping with the disease ever since. The couple has three sons and lives in ... In tort cases filed by Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories against the state, she has led a policy of opposition to ...
Dunne EF, Park IU (December 2013). "HPV and HPV-associated diseases". Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 27 (4): 765- ... Figures suggest that cervical screening is saving 5,000 lives each year in the UK by preventing cervical cancer. About 1,000 ... Papillomavirus-associated diseases, Sexually transmitted diseases and infections, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to ... In advanced disease, metastases may be present in the abdomen, lungs, or elsewhere. Symptoms of advanced cervical cancer may ...
Development geography is the study of the Earth's geography with reference to the standard of living and the quality of life of ... This is a sub-discipline of human geography, researching how and why diseases are spread and contained. Historical geography is ... disease, and health care. Health geography deals with the spatial relations and patterns between people and the environment. ...
... or someone you know with sickle cell disease, stay as healthy as possible. ... People with sickle cell disease can live full lives and enjoy most of the activities that other people do. The following tips ... Sickle cell disease is a complex disease. Good quality medical care from doctors and nurses who know a lot about the disease ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ...
... information on Alzheimers disease and dementia symptoms, diagnosis, stages, treatment, care and support resources. ... Whether you are living with Alzheimers or caring for someone with the disease, information and resources are available. ... Understanding Alzheimers Disease. Alzheimers is the most common form of dementia. It causes problems with memory, thinking ... Phase 3 clinicial trial results show that this treatment can meaningfully change the course of the disease for people in the ...
Know your risk and what you can do to prevent liver problems. ... Get the facts about liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cancer, ... 25 Ways to Love Your Liver Health (American Liver Foundation) * Fighting Fatty Liver: Steps Against a Silent Disease (National ... Inherited diseases, such as hemochromatosis and Wilson disease. Symptoms of liver disease can vary, but they often include ... Tests such as imaging tests and liver function tests can check for liver damage and help to diagnose liver diseases. ...
... discuss new developments in liver treatment and transplantation, and network with leading experts in the field of hepatology. ... The Liver Meeting brings together clinicians, associates, and scientists from around the world to exchange information on the ... Specialists who diagnose and treat liver disease, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, clinical pathologists, ... Attendees of The Liver Meeting and The Liver Meeting Digital Experience can claim enduring and live credits by logging into the ...
1983)‎. Research related to liver diseases. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/ ...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a cluster of differentially graded liver diseases ranging from intrahepatic ... Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multicluster disease ranging from intrahepatic simple steatosis ... The Importance of Noninvasive Screening in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 0.5 CME / ABIM MOC Credits Clinical Review ... Intercept Tumbles on Concerns Over Prospects of Fatty Liver Disease Drug * Guidelines for Kids With Obesity: Family and ...
Learn about the symptoms of liver disease in cats here. ... The indicators of liver disease in cats can be a bit ambiguous ... because they are similar to symptoms of many other diseases and illnesses. ... Symptoms of Liver Disease in Cats. The indicators of liver disease in cats can be a bit ambiguous because they are similar to ... Cats with Liver Disease Find out what causes liver disease in cats and how to prevent it. ...
... dc.contributor.advisor. World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. ...
... - Sharing our stories on preparing for and responding to public health events ... Tags Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Liver Cancer, Liver Disease, Liver Failure, Viral Hepatitis ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ...
A WTC Liver Disease registry will be established to collect data about the impact of liver disease on quality of life and other ... and liver cancer. The findings will provide unprecedented detail about these occupational liver diseases, helping to inform ... who have evidence of toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD) ...
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... Saeed, A. A., Al-Hamdan, N. A., & Fontaine, R. E. (2005). Plague from Eating Raw Camel Liver. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11( ... Plague from Eating Raw Camel Liver. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2005;11(9):1456-1457. doi:10.3201/eid1109.050081.. ... Y. pestis was isolated from the blood and liver of live jirds collected from the camel corral and from fleas (Xenopsylla ...
Liver Diseases. Fatty Liver. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Digestive System Diseases. ... MedlinePlus Genetics related topics: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease MedlinePlus related topics: Fatty Liver Disease Liver ... Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Dietary Supplement: Anthocyanin Dietary ... Association of serum retinoic acid with hepatic steatosis and liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Clin Nutr ...
Cytokines are low-molecular-weight mediators of cellular communication produced by multiple cell types in the liver, with the ... metabolic complications in alcoholic liver disease and probably play a role in the liver injury of alcoholic liver disease. Two ... Cytokines in alcoholic liver disease Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19(2):205-19. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007110. ... Cytotoxic cytokines likely induce liver cell death by both necrosis and apoptosis in alcoholic liver disease. Anticytokine ...
SEVERAL colloidal serum reactions have been proposed during recent years for revealing damage of the liver parenchyme : the ... FISCHER, A., SELLEI, C. & BRETÁN, M. Abnormal Serum Protein in Parenchymatous Liver Diseases. Nature 162, 1002 (1948). https:// ... SEVERAL colloidal serum reactions have been proposed during recent years for revealing damage of the liver parenchyme : the ... Inflammatory indices obtained from routine blood tests show an inflammatory state associated with disease progression in ...
Liver diseases are the leading cause of deaths in most of the countries. Patients with liver disease have been steadily ... "Identifying a liver patient in the early stages of the disease (i.e., even minor liver damage) is difficult. Early detection of ... Classification of Liver Diseases Using Intelligent Techniques. EasyChair Preprint no. 5451. 7 pages•Date: May 4, 2021. ... Prolonged drinking habits are directly attributed in the linkage of an increased risk of developing various liver diseases that ...
Liver cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of mortality worldwide and approximately half of those deaths are due to alcohol ... Intestinal Fungi Worsen Alcoholic Liver Disease. Reducing intestinal fungi slowed disease progression in mice. ... Chronic inflammation kills liver cells and ultimately promotes alcoholic liver disease. But the researchers were able to ... Mycology Addiction Liver Hepatology Alcohol alcoholic liver disease Alcoholism Microbiome Fungi Antifungal ...
Moreover, it may be possible for these diseases to spread between individuals via microbes, at least in ... Alterations in gut microbes may increase the susceptibility to obesity and fatty liver disease. ... Previously, if two family members living in the same household both developed liver disease or became obese, people would have ... We normally live in symbiosis with the bacteria in our guts, but in the study, the number of "bad," disease-associated bacteria ...
Help Katherine Bishop raise money to support Childrens Liver Disease Foundation ...
Cystic Disease of the Liver / Kidney Panel by Next-Generation Sequencing. *Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar Syndrome (UGT1A1 Gene ... Download Heritable Liver Disease requisition.. References. Van der Woerd, W.L., S.W.C. van Mil, et al. (2010) "Familial ... If the patient has received a liver transplant or recent blood transfusion, donor DNA may be present in the blood along with ... Disease. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis 1. Description. Mutations ...
Causes of Canine Liver Disease. Liver disease in dogs can occur for a number of reasons. Bacterial and viral infections of the ... Symptoms of Chronic Liver Disease in Dogs. The initial symptoms of canine liver disease are often vague. They usually include ... As liver disease progresses, scar tissue forms in the liver, leading to a condition known as cirrhosis, or chronic liver ... Accumulation of copper in the liver, caused by copper storage disease. Often, if liver disease is caught and treated early ...
The cirrhosis associated with adult Alpha-1 liver disease should be treated the same as cirrhosis of any cause. ... How does Alpha-1 liver disease affect my life expectancy?. If you have one Z Alpha-1 gene and no liver disease, you have a ... A quarter of people with two Z Alpha-1 genes will develop liver disease at some point in their lives. If the Alpha-1 liver ... What is the treatment for Alpha-1 liver disease?. The cirrhosis associated with adult Alpha-1 liver disease should be treated ...
... and having a lower risk of liver problems. ... Liver disease and a welcome study. Worldwide, liver disease ... the sample contained 3,600 diagnoses of chronic liver disease, 5,439 cases of chronic liver disease or fatty liver disease, and ... A large new study has now found that coffee of all kinds lowers the risk of chronic liver disease, fatty liver disease, liver ... Their risk of developing either chronic liver disease or chronic liver or fatty liver disease was reduced by 35%, of developing ...
Liver cirrhosis lab values are used to diagnose what stage a persons liver disease is in. Here are some of the blood tests and ... Cirrhosis is a medical condition that is attributed to a chronic liver disease that results in severe liver damage. The damage ... Chronic liver disease is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States with over 25,000 deaths annually, according to ... How to Manage Chronic Liver Diseases with Natural Remedies. 23rd March 2010 ...
Symptoms of liver disease. In the early stages of liver disease, there may not be any obvious symptoms. Once there is some ... The build-up of fat in the liver, known as fatty liver disease or steatosis, can also cause liver damage. ... Treatments for liver disease vary depending on the cause. For hepatitis A, you can usually manage your own health, with support ... So the liver is important in getting rid of waste and in giving you energy. The liver also has a role in fighting infections, ...
The Importance of Noninvasive Screening in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 0.5 CME / ABIM MOC Credits Clinical Review ... Approximately 25% of the global population has nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a broad term that covers a range of ... Rapid Review Quiz: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) - Medscape - May 27, 2022. ... A Novel Non-invasive Model for the Prediction of Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With NAFLD ...
How liver disease can cause a build-up of toxins that can directly affect the brain, leading to a serious condition called ... In persons with advanced liver disease, such as decompensated cirrhosis or liver cancer, a liver transplant is most often ... Understanding the Psychiatric Aspects of Liver Disease By James Myhre & Dennis Sifris, MD ... The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy can only be made in the presence of confirmed liver disease or in persons who have ...
Key drivers of the market include increasing incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases along with huge ... Liver diseases therapeutics market size was valued at USD 7,498.2 million in 2014. ... untapped needs of patients suffering from such diseases. ... Global liver diseases therapeutics market size was valued at ... Liver Diseases Therapeutics Market, Industry Report, 2022 GVR Report cover Liver Diseases Therapeutics Market Analysis By ...
This statistic displays the number of admissions to hospital as a result of alcoholic liver disease in Scotland in 2020/21, by ... Alcoholic liver disease deaths in England 2020, by gender and age. *Alcoholic liver disease deaths in Scotland 2020, by gender ... Chronic liver disease mortality rate in Scotland 2000-2018, by gender. *Chronic liver disease mortality rate in Scotland 2018, ... Alcoholic liver disease hospital admissions in Scotland 2020/21, by age. *Alcoholic liver disease hospital admissions in ...
University scientists have shed light on how the liver repairs itself with research that could help develop drugs to treat ... Liver disease. Liver disease is the fifth biggest killer in the UK. ... Cell production could help liver disease. University scientists have shed light on how the liver repairs itself with research ... Liver disease is on the increase in the UK and is one of the top five killers. Increasing numbers of patients are in need of ...

No FAQ available that match "liver diseases"

No images available that match "liver diseases"