Liver diseases. Medical search

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.

Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.

Repair or renewal of hepatic tissue.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.

FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.

The circulation of BLOOD through the LIVER.

Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells that is due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. The fatty changes in the alcoholic fatty liver may be reversible, depending on the amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES accumulated.

Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Extracts of liver tissue containing uncharacterized specific factors with specific activities; a soluble thermostable fraction of mammalian liver is used in the treatment of pernicious anemia.

A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).

Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.

Excision of all or part of the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Experimentally induced chronic injuries to the parenchymal cells in the liver to achieve a model for LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.

Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.

The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.

Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

Devices for simulating the activities of the liver. They often consist of a hybrid between both biological and artificial materials.

Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.

Specialized phagocytic cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids. They filter bacteria and small foreign proteins out of the blood, and dispose of worn out red blood cells.

Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.

An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.

Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between HEPATOCYTES and sinusoidal endothelial cells.

Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse drug effect. The adverse effect may result from a direct toxic effect of a drug or metabolite, or an idiosyncratic response to a drug or metabolite.

Enlargement of the liver.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of advanced chronic liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatations, and reduced arterial oxygenation (HYPOXEMIA) in the absence of intrinsic cardiopulmonary disease. This syndrome is common in the patients with LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

Veins which drain the liver.

Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.

Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.

The administrative procedures involved with acquiring TISSUES or organs for TRANSPLANTATION through various programs, systems, or organizations. These procedures include obtaining consent from TISSUE DONORS and arranging for transportation of donated tissues and organs, after TISSUE HARVESTING, to HOSPITALS for processing and transplantation.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Glycogen stored in the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.

An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Non-cadaveric providers of organs for transplant to related or non-related recipients.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.

Non-invasive imaging methods based on the mechanical response of an object to a vibrational or impulsive force. It is used for determining the viscoelastic properties of tissue, and thereby differentiating soft from hard inclusions in tissue such as microcalcifications, and some cancer lesions. Most techniques use ultrasound to create the images - eliciting the response with an ultrasonic radiation force and/or recording displacements of the tissue by Doppler ultrasonography.

A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)

A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.

Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention.

Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)

Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.

Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).

A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-8 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during FETAL DEVELOPMENT and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life.

Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.

Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES.

A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A system of vessels in which blood, after passing through one capillary bed, is conveyed through a second set of capillaries before it returns to the systemic circulation. It pertains especially to the hepatic portal system.

A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.

An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the physiology and diseases of the digestive system and related structures (esophagus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).

Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.

The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrolled action of degradative ENZYMES, leading to MITOCHONDRIAL SWELLING, nuclear flocculation, and cell lysis. It is distinct it from APOPTOSIS, which is a normal, regulated cellular process.

A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Non-consumption of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

De novo fat synthesis in the body. This includes the synthetic processes of FATTY ACIDS and subsequent TRIGLYCERIDES in the LIVER and the ADIPOSE TISSUE. Lipogenesis is regulated by numerous factors, including nutritional, hormonal, and genetic elements.

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS in conjunction with HEPATITIS B VIRUS and lasting six months or more.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-18 in simple, or predominately single layered, internal epithelia.

A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Surgical portasystemic shunt between the portal vein and inferior vena cava.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A country in northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Its capital is Cairo.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagulate upon heating.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Consumption of excessive DIETARY FATS.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.

Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.

Clotting time of PLASMA recalcified in the presence of excess TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN. Factors measured are FIBRINOGEN; PROTHROMBIN; FACTOR V; FACTOR VII; and FACTOR X. It is used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with COUMARINS.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The passage of viable bacteria from the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT to extra-intestinal sites, such as the mesenteric lymph node complex, liver, spleen, kidney, and blood. Factors that promote bacterial translocation include overgrowth with gram-negative enteric bacilli, impaired host immune defenses, and injury to the INTESTINAL MUCOSA resulting in increased intestinal permeability. Bacterial translocation from the lung to the circulation is also possible and sometimes accompanies MECHANICAL VENTILATION.

Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.

A condition characterized by an abnormal increase of BILIRUBIN in the blood, which may result in JAUNDICE. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of HEME, is normally excreted in the BILE or further catabolized before excretion in the urine.

A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.

A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2).

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

A benign epithelial tumor of the LIVER.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Structural and functional changes in acute liver injury. (1/4731)

Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At no time are there changes in mitochondria or single membrane limited bodies in cells with intact plasmalemma, although a relative increase in cell sap may appear. In dead cells (those with plasmalemma discontinuties) crystalline deposits of calcium phosphatase may be noted. Functional changes are related to the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. An early decrease in protein synthesis takes place; an accumulation of neutral lipid is related to this change. Later alterations in the ergastoplasmic functions (e.g., mixed function oxidation) occurs. Carbon tetrachloride is not the active agent; rather, a product of its metabolism, probably the CC1, free radical, is. The mechanisms of injury include macromolecular adduction and peroxide propagation. A third possibility includes a cascade effect with the production of secondary and tertiary products, also toxic in nature, with the ability to produce more widespread damage to intracellular structures. (+info)

Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures. (2/4731)

A large number of chemical agents, administered for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, can produce various types of hepatic injury by several mechanisms. Some agents are intrinsically hepatotoxic, and others produce hepatic injury only in the rare, uniquely susceptible individual. Idiosyncrasy of the host is the mechanism for most types of drug-induced hepatic injury. It may reflect allergy to the drug or a metabolic aberation of the host permitting the accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites. The syndromes of hepatic disease produced by drugs have been classified hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular, mixed and canalicular. Measurement of serum enzyme activities has provided a powerful tool for studies of hepatotoxicity. Their measurement requires awareness of relative specificity, knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and knowledge of the relationship between known hepatotoxic states and elevated enzyme activities. (+info)

Quantitative aspects in the assessment of liver injury. (3/4731)

Liver function data are usually difficult to use in their original form when one wishes to compare the hepatotoxic properties of several chemical substances. However, procedures are available for the conversion of liver function data into quantal responses. These permit the elaboration of dose-response lines for the substances in question, the calculation of median effective doses and the statistical analysis of differences in liver-damaging potency. These same procedures can be utilized for estimating the relative hazard involved if one compares the liver-damaging potency to the median effective dose for some other pharmacologie parameter. Alterations in hepatic triglycerides, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of various hepatic enzymes can also be quantitiated in a dose-related manner. This permits the selection of equitoxic doses required for certain comparative studies and the selection of doses in chemical interaction studies. The quantitative problems involved in low-frequency adverse reactions and the difficulty these present in the detection of liver injury in laboratory animals are discussed. (+info)

Assessment of hepatotoxic potential. (4/4731)

Philosophic concepts and pragmatic approaches toward improved understanding of the effect of drugs in the hepatocyte are reviewed. No set pattern of studies is advocated but rather observations are encouraged within the framework of studies that provide for varied exposure of the hepatocyte. Clinical usage should be imitated to provide earliest possible indications of toxicity in man. The need for definitive characterization through utilization of appropriate methodology derived from cross-fertilization of related disciplines is stressed. Both minimal and maximal dose effects should be established. Selected use of electron microscopy has become essential for characterizing responses of the liver to injury. The advantages of the toluidine blue-stained Epon "thick" sections are emphasized. Such observations are used to implement the utility of serial biopsies from the beagle dog prior to and during long-term study of potential hepatic injury. Examples of the critical effects of drug concentration within the hepatocyte are presented. (+info)

Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (5/4731)

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals. (+info)

Study of an epidemic of venoocclusive disease in India. (6/4731)

Twenty-five cases of rapidly developing ascites occurring in an epidemic form were observed in a tribal district in Central India during August 1972-May 1973. Eleven of the patients died. Six patients were brought to hospital and studied for periods of two to 17 months. Necropsy was performed on one patient who died. The clinical features suggested an outflow tract obstruction such as a Budd-Chiari-like syndrome or venoocclusive disease. Radiographic and haemodynamic studies demonstrated a combination of post and perisinusoidal blocks. Liver dysfunction was indicated by the presence of a marked bromsulphthalein retention and mild to moderate hypoalbuminaemia. Histological examination of the liver biopsies showed changes that ranged from centrizonal haemorrhagic necrosis to an extensive centrilobular fibrosis associated with central vein occlusion. The disease was apparently caused by a food toxin, and the possible nature of this is discussed. (+info)

Risk of major liver resection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a reappraisal. (7/4731)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation of patient age, status of liver parenchyma, presence of markers of active hepatitis, and blood loss to subsequent death and complications in patients undergoing a similar major hepatectomy for the same disease using a standardized technique. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Major liver resection carries a high risk of postoperative liver failure in patients with chronic liver disease. However, this underlying liver disease may comprise a wide range of pathologic changes that have, in the past, not been well defined. METHODS: The nontumorous liver of 55 patients undergoing a right hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma was classified according to a semiquantitative grading of fibrosis. The authors analyzed the influence of this pathologic feature and of other preoperative variables on the risk of postoperative death and complications. RESULTS: Serum bilirubin and prothrombin time increased on postoperative day 1, and their speed of recovery was influenced by the severity of fibrosis. Incidence of death from liver failure was 32% in patients with grade 4 fibrosis (cirrhosis) and 0% in patients with grade 0 to 3 fibrosis. The preoperative serum aspartate transaminase (ASAT) level ranged from 68 to 207 IU/l in patients with cirrhosis who died, compared with 20 to 62 in patients with cirrhosis who survived. CONCLUSION: A major liver resection such as a right hepatectomy may be safely performed in patients with underlying liver disease, provided no additional risk factors are present. Patients with a preoperative increase in ASAT should undergo a liver biopsy to rule out the presence of grade 4 fibrosis, which should contraindicate this resection. (+info)

Predicting bone loss following orthotopic liver transplantation. (8/4731)

BACKGROUND: Hepatic osteodystrophy occurs in the majority of patients with advanced chronic liver disease with the abnormalities in bone metabolism accelerating following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). AIMS: To examine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) following OLT and to investigate factors that lead to bone loss. METHODS: Twelve patients had BMD (at both the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN)) and biochemical markers measured preoperatively and for 24 months following OLT. RESULTS: BMD was low in 75% of patients prior to OLT and decreased significantly from baseline at the LS at three months and the FN at six months. BMD began to increase thereafter at both sites, approaching baseline values at the LS by 12 months. Bone formation markers, osteocalcin and procollagen type I carboxy propeptide, decreased immediately post-OLT, with a concomitant increase seen in the resorption markers pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. This resulted in a negative uncoupling index early post-OLT, that rebounded to positive values after six months. There was a significant correlation between the change in the uncoupling index between six and three months which preceded the increase in BMD at 12 months. The decrease in BMD recorded early post-OLT correlated with vitamin D levels at three months. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that increased resorption and inadequate formation are the major contributors to additional bone loss following OLT. Non-invasive biochemical markers precede later changes in BMD in this patient group following OLT and may have a role in investigating and planning intervention strategies to prevent bone loss in future studies. (+info)

Sargent, Suzanne (2009). Liver Diseases; An essential guide for nurses and healthcare professionals. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 24-25 ... It should be considered in upper abdominal pain presenting with UGI bleeding especially when there is a history of liver injury ... Francis Glisson (1993). From Anatomia hepatis (the Anatomy of the liver), 1654 (Cambridge Wellcome texts and documents). ... and liver biopsy. Combination of EGD, CT scan and angiography depending on clinical situation, bearing in mind that haemobilia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemobilia

... can accumulate in individuals with severe liver disease, increasing its half-life. A 2011 review found that increased ... Muriel P, Arauz J (July 2010). "Coffee and liver diseases". Fitoterapia. 81 (5): 297-305. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003. ... Rodopoulos N, Wisén O, Norman A (May 1995). "Caffeine metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease". Scandinavian Journal ... It may confer a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Some people experience sleep ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine

Ramalingaswami, V.; Nayak, N. C. (1970). "Liver disease in India". Progress in Liver Diseases. 3: 222-235. PMID 4910369. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulimiri_Ramalingaswami

Page 256 in Neil Kaplowitz (1996). Liver and Biliary Diseases. Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683045451. Justin, M; Zaman, S; ... Page 1964 in: Florian Lang (2009). Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN ... Chapter: Ear, Nose and Throat Histopathology in L. Michaels (1987). Normal Anatomy, Histology; Inflammatory Diseases. Springer ... Examples of visceromegaly are enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), spleen (splenomegaly), stomach, kidneys, and pancreas. Values ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organomegaly

Muriel P, Arauz J (2010). "Coffee and liver diseases". Fitoterapia. 81 (5): 297-305. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003. PMID ... It may protect people from liver cirrhosis. There is no evidence that coffee stunts a child's growth. Caffeine may increase the ... Moderate coffee consumption may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, and it may somewhat reduce the risk of type 2 ... Kamiya T, Saitoh O, Yoshioka K, Nakata H (June 2003). "Oligomerization of adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in living ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant

The residual prevalence of chronic hepatitis D in HBV liver diseases in Western Europe is, as of 2010, between 4.5% and 10%, ... Patients with advanced HBV liver disease are the most suitable category of HBV carriers to determine the epidemiology and real ... In Asia up to 2015, the highest prevalences of chronic HDV liver disease were reported in Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan, and ... Smedile, A; Rizzetto, M; Gerin, J (February 1994). "Advances in hepatitis D virus biology and disease". Progress in Liver ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_Hepatitis_D

Link to aggression and depression in people living with Alzheimer's disease[edit]. A recent study looked for correlation ... 3.5 Link to aggression and depression in people living with Alzheimer's disease ... Alzheimer disease with concomitant dementia with Lewy bodies (AD+DLB)[edit]. The degree of NFT involvement in AD is defined by ... "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 40 (4): 765-838. doi:10.3233/JAD-132204. PMID 24577474. S2CID 6650221.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofibrillary_tangle

Haemochromatosis may present with the following clinical syndromes: liver: chronic liver disease and cirrhosis of the liver. ... liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer. Also, total iron binding capacity may be low, but can also be normal. In males and ... and family history of liver disease, additional evaluation of liver iron concentration is indicated. In this case, diagnosis of ... Maddrey, Willis C.; Schiff, Eugene R.; Sorrell, Michael F. (2007). Schiff's diseases of the liver. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_overload

Murray, Karen F.; Larson, Anne M. (2010-07-23). Fibrocystic Diseases of the Liver. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN ... Other known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, ... eds.). Genetic Diseases of the Kidney. Academic Press. pp. 425-46. ISBN 978-0-08-092427-4. Simms, Roslyn J.; Hynes, Ann Marie; ... It is classified as a medullary cystic kidney disease. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion and, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephronophthisis

Karen Field Murray (2009). Fibrocystic Diseases of the Liver. Springer. pp. 47-. ISBN 978-1-60327-523-1. Retrieved 25 November ... Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, ... such as polycystic kidney disease, congenital heart disease, mitral valve prolapse, and retinal degeneration, called ... Its importance to human biology has been underscored by the discovery of its role in a diverse group of diseases caused by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilium

Dysbiosis in the gut flora has been linked with the development of cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Some genera ... Coppa, G.V; Zampini, L; Galeazzi, T; Gabrielli, O (2006). "Prebiotics in human milk: A review". Digestive and Liver Disease. 38 ... The gut-brain-liver axis and gut microbiota composition can regulate the glucose homeostasis in the liver and provide potential ... Minemura, Masami (2015). "Gut microbiota and liver diseases". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 21 (6): 1691-702. doi:10.3748/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut_microbiota

... at Who Named It? Budd G (1845). On diseases of the liver. London: John Churchill. p. 135. Brit Lib. ... Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for Budd-Chiari. It is generally reserved for patients with fulminant liver ... liver enlargement, enlargement of the spleen, fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity, elevated liver enzymes, and ... Liver cell death and severe lactic acidosis may be present as well. Caudate lobe enlargement is often present. The majority of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budd–Chiari_syndrome

Schiff ER, Maddrey WC, Sorrell MF (2011). Schiff's Diseases of the Liver. John Wiley & Sons. p. PT3219. ISBN 978-1-119-95048-6 ... Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and liver transplantation. It can be given by mouth or by injection into a ... Mycophenolate sodium has also been used for the prevention of rejection in liver, heart, or lung transplants in children older ... In addition the FDA is investigating[when?] 16 people that developed a rare neurological disease while taking the drug. This is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid

Eugene R. Schiff; Willis C. Maddrey; Michael F. Sorrell (19 October 2011). Schiff's Diseases of the Liver. John Wiley and Sons ... Binder D, Jost R, Flury R, Salomon F (May 1995). "[Acute liver failure following tetrabamate]". Schweizerische Medizinische ... 1997 after over 30 years of use due to reports of hepatitis and acute liver failure. The decision to restrict the use of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrabamate

Common manifestations include ataxia; seizures; retinopathy; liver disease; coagulopathies; failure to thrive (FTT); dysmorphic ... "Development of liver disease despite mannose treatment in two patients with CDG-Ib". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 93 (1 ... Archives of Disease in Childhood. 71 (2): 123-7. doi:10.1136/adc.71.2.123. PMC 1029941. PMID 7944531. Haeuptle MA, Hennet T ( ... Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 16 (5): 813-20. doi:10.1007/bf00714272. PMID 8295395. Jaeken J, Schachter H, Carchon H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorder_of_glycosylation

Liver disease. Nelson, Anita L.; Cwiak, Carrie (2011). "Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)". In Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, ... Presence or history of severe hepatic disease as long as liver function values have not returned to normal. Bayer (April 10, ... In women with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, or in combination with chronic daily use of other potassium-sparing ... Estrogens, particularly ethinylestradiol, activate liver production of angiotensinogen and increase levels of angiotensinogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drospirenone

... heart or lung diseases. Survival is about half as good as the average rate, for patients with kidney or liver disease, or ... lung or kidney disease; liver disease; widespread cancer or infection; and residents of nursing homes. Research shows that CPR ... May EMS providers accept living wills or health care proxies? A living will or health care proxy is NOT valid in the ... and advance directives and living wills may not be accepted by EMS as legally valid forms. If a patient has a living will that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_not_resuscitate

It is a leading center of research in five key areas: cancer, infectious disease, liver disease, aging and brain disorders, and ... liver disease; cardiovascular disease; neurosciences and aging; and vaccine development". Effective April 1, 2008, Philip O. ... The school is a pioneer in geriatric medicine, chronic disease prevention, cardiovascular disease, organ transplantation, ... Furthermore, the Saint Louis University Liver Center is a national leader in the field of hepatology and is also considered one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Louis_University_School_of_Medicine

... non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease that, when combined or co-existing, may cause a person to have ... Severe symptoms include liver cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, and in extreme cases, liver cancer. Heart failure, growth impairment, ... iron overload of the liver and more severe liver disease. The beta form of thalassemia is particularly prevalent among the ... Brissot, Pierre; Cappellini, Maria Domenica (2014). "LIVER DISEASE". Thalassaemia International Federation. Cite journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_thalassemia

... liver disease; more blood and larger aneurysm on the initial CT scan; location of an aneurysm in the posterior circulation; and ... Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a hereditary kidney condition, is known to be associated with cerebral ... showed that in this group the likelihood of death or being dependent on others for activities of daily living was reduced (7.4 ... a variant of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E that also plays a role in Alzheimer's disease) seems to increase risk for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarachnoid_hemorrhage

Liver Disease. William Heinemann, London, 1969. ISBN 0433247207 ABC of Alcohol. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 1982. (Four ... an expert in liver disease, at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, part of the Hammersmith Hospital. At his interview with ... he kept a private diary in which he wrote about the research into liver disease, saying... "we and anyone else at Hammersmith ... a recognised authority on liver disease. In 1959, he was appointed consultant physician to Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Paton_(physician)

Muriel P, Arauz J (2010). "Coffee and liver diseases". Fitoterapia. 81 (5): 297-305. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2009.10.003. PMID ... Trozak D, Gould W (1984). "Cocaine abuse and connective tissue disease". J Am Acad Dermatol. 10 (3): 525. doi:10.1016/S0190- ... Abuse of cocaine, depending upon route of administration, increases risk of cardiorespiratory disease, stroke, and sepsis.[14] ... van Dam RM (2008). "Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer". Applied Physiology, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulants

Kew, MC (September 2013). "Aflatoxins as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma". Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. ... Wannop, C. C. (1961-01-01). "The Histopathology of Turkey "X" Disease in Great Britain". Avian Diseases. 5 (4): 371-381. doi: ... "Definition of Aspergillosis , Aspergillosis , Types of Fungal Diseases , Fungal Diseases , CDC". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017-05 ... "Disease X." Over the course of 500 outbreaks, the disease claimed over 100,000 turkeys which appeared to be healthy. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

Pinzone MR, Celesia BM, Di Rosa M, Cacopardo B, Nunnari G (2012). "Microbial translocation in chronic liver diseases". ... The All-Species Living Tree' Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA ... The phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project. The currently accepted ... Some Siberian or Antarctic Actinobacteria is said to be the oldest living organism on Earth, frozen in permafrost at around ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinobacteria

12 December 2011). Schiff's diseases of the liver (11th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470- ... Jean-Francois Dufour; Pierre-Alain Clavien (2010). Signaling pathways in liver diseases (2. ed.). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3- ... Dufour, Jean-François (2005). Signaling pathways in liver diseases : with 15 tables. Berlin [u.a.]: Springer. ISBN 978- ... Wang, Hua (2011). "Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Liver Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Target". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 21 (1): 75-82. Perkins TA, de N Donaldson N, Hatcher NA, Swain ID, Wood DE ( ... The final 2% is associated with some type of disease that requires removal of the device and puts the patient at great risk. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_anterior_root_stimulator

"Probiotics in the Treatment of Diverticular Disease. A Systematic Review" (PDF). Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ... Feldman, Mark (2010). Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management (9th ed ... It is the most frequent anatomic disease of the colon. Costs associated with diverticular disease were around US $2.4 billion a ... Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 24 (1): 85-93. doi:10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.tur. PMID 25822438. Archived (PDF) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diverticulitis

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 28 (1): 41-46. doi:10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.281.any. PMID 30851171. Dorn S, ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was tasked with establishing and publishing a new guideline, and was heavily ... It was also prescribed frequently for women, for menstrual pain and diseases of a "nervous character". At first it was assumed ... In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a new set of guidelines for the prescription of opioids " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid

... are of any benefit in treating fatty liver disease, and the safety of these drugs is unknown. Bupleurum chinense roots, also ... "Herbal medicines for fatty liver diseases". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (8): CD009059. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009059.pub2. PMID ... Its proposed use is to strengthen the liver. There is no good evidence that Chinese herbal medicines, including those derived ... on CCl4-induced liver injury in the rat". Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 320 (3): 266-71. doi:10.1007/BF00510139. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupleurum_chinense

Pohl, D; Tutuian, R (2007). "Achalasia: an Overview of Diagnosis and Treatment". Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ... genetic research is targeted towards the disease causing genes implicated in the manifestation of the individual diseases that ... Although no disease-causing gene has been identified, studies suggest that due to the consanguinity or close relatedness of ... Infectious Diseases. 18 (1): e1-e13. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30398-5. PMID 28844634. de Koning, T.J.; Duran, M; van Maldergem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achalasia_microcephaly

"The continuing importance of bile acids in liver and intestinal disease". Arch. Intern. Med. 159 (22): 2647-58. doi:10.1001/ ... "Bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 signaling in fatty liver diseases and therapy". American Journal of Physiology. ... Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 318 (3): G554-G573. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00223.2019. PMC 7099488. PMID 31984784.. ... Primary bile acids are those synthesized by the liver. Secondary bile acids result from bacterial actions in the colon. In ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acids

Author Walter Pater was a large influence on her life during this time as she strove to be like him and live a well-lived life ... Fulton loved his work and research, it eventually led to his premature death, as he acquired an unknown disease during one of ... Intertwined Lives: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and Their Circle. Vintage. ISBN 0-679-77612-5. ... Review of Intertwined Lives: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and their circle]. Women's Review of Books January 1, 2004, 21(4):15 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Benedict

... produces short-lived cells that remain in the extramedullary regions of lymph nodes; a secondary response produces longer-lived ... Role in disease[edit]. Plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia and plasma cell leukemia are malignant ... Recently they have been shown to reside for much longer periods in the bone marrow as long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). They ... and results in short-lived cells that secrete IgM antibodies.[6] The T cell-dependent processes are subdivided into primary and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

In the 1960s and 1970s there were problems with hyperkeratosis, a disease causing corny pads and severe pain. Today it is ... may actually have lived. ... widely known which dogs carried the disease and respectable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_terrier

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in autoimmunity, immune-mediated diseases and airways disease. Immunology. May 2016, 148 ( ... Alpha-lactose reverses liver injury via blockade of Tim-3-mediated CD8 apoptosis in sepsis. Clinical Immunology. July 2018, 192 ... Modulation of autoimmune diseases by interleukin (IL)-17 producing regulatory T helper (Th17) cells. The Indian Journal of ... Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease 5th ed. New York: Garland Pub. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8153-3642-6. OCLC ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T细胞

Adults live from two weeks to a month in the wild. After they come out from the pupae, the flies do not grow. Small flies of ... Not only are house flies a nuisance, but they also carry disease-causing organisms. Flies are not only an irritant to farm ... Within a day, larvae (maggots) hatch from the eggs; they live and feed on dead and decaying organic material, such as garbage, ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly

... a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease?". BioEssays. 26 (1): 80-90. doi:10.1002/bies.10378. PMID 14696044.. ... but the effects were shorter lived. The study did not test the oral administration of levomethamphetamine. As of 2006, there ... "Neuroprotection of MAO-B inhibitor and dopamine agonist in Parkinson disease". International Journal of Clinical and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levomethamphetamine

Pollack, Andrew (29 January 2013) F.D.A. Approves Genetic Drug to Treat Rare Disease The New York Times, Retrieved 31 January ... and the liver and kidney functions of the patient, evaluated against the balancing of risks and benefits of the medications. In ... Niacin may cause hyperglycemia and may also cause liver damage. The niacin derivative acipimox is also associated with a modest ... the cholesterol with the strongest links to vascular diseases. In studies using standard doses, statins have been found to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid-lowering_agent

"A Roadmap on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among People Living With Diabetes". Global Heart. 14 (3): 215-240. doi: ... Diseases of the endocrine system (ICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases - Endocrine diseases, E00- ... liver, and fat tissue.[51] In the liver, insulin normally suppresses glucose release. However, in the setting of insulin ... and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus

A Lithuanian trial searching for disease-resistance resulted in the selection of fifty disease-resistant trees for the ... The removal of trees in infected areas has little effect as the fungus lives and grows on leaf litter on the forest floor.[10] ... Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an Ascomycete fungus that causes ash dieback, a chronic fungal disease of ash trees in Europe ... "Ash dieback disease: Survey of Scottish tree stocks launched". BBC News. 4 November 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2012.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenoscyphus_pseudoalbidus

After the tour, Astor lived in New York for four years and worked in the theater and on television. During the 1952 ... Disease-related deaths in California. *Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players. *20th-century American actresses ... Astor later moved to Fountain Valley, California, where she lived near her son, Tono del Campo (from her third marriage to ... The Langhankes not only lived lavishly off of Astor's earnings, but kept her a virtual prisoner inside Moorcrest. Moorcrest is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Astor

... and applications in chronic liver disease". Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012: 1-19. doi:10.1155/2012/837939. PMC ... while imbalance results in disease. Such disease-inducing imbalances can be adjusted and balanced using traditional herbs, ... A belief that a substance that causes the symptoms of a disease in healthy people cures similar symptoms in sick people.[n 8] ... Treatments for severe diseases such as cancer and HIV infection have well-known, significant side-effects. Even low-risk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

MacDonald BT, Tamai K, He X (July 2009). "Wnt/β-catenin signaling: components, mechanisms, and diseases". Dev. Cell. 17 (1): 9- ... "Coactivation of AKT and β-catenin in mice rapidly induces formation of lipogenic liver tumors". Cancer Res. 71 (7): 2718-27. ... may help prevent clinical recurrence of the disease after surgery, but much more work is needed before an adequate treatment ... techniques with therapeutics targeting catenin-associated elements of cancer might be most effective in treating the disease. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

Most Marsh Arabs lived in arched reed houses considerably smaller than a mudhif. The typical dwelling was usually a little more ... The marsh environment meant that certain diseases, such as schistosomiasis and malaria, were endemic;[12] Maʻdānī agriculture ... Only 1,600 of them were estimated to still be living on traditional dibins by 2003.[20] The western Hammar Marshes and the ... Most of the rest that can be accounted for are refugees living in other Shi'i areas in Iraq, or have emigrated to Iran, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Arabs

Ankerich, Michael G. (2010). Dangerous Curves Atop Hollywood Heels: The Lives, Careers, and Misfortunes of 14 Hard-Luck Girls ... Infectious disease deaths in California. *Actors from Norfolk, Virginia. *Women in the United States Army ... She moved to New York where she had a brief stage career and made a living on the vaudeville circuit. ... For the majority of her life, she lived with her mother, Sibbie. From 1926 to 1930, Borden was romantically involved with actor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_Borden

... s are generally hardy and well adapted to living outdoors year round, provided they are protected against drafts ... The Gotland rabbit is considered a hardy variety that is rarely affected by disease or genetic defects.[4] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotland_rabbit

... placed renewed emphasis on those living in Khmer Rouge territory imitating the lives of the poorest peasants and in ... there he was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease.[376] In mid-1984, Office 131 was moved to a new base further into Cambodia, near ... and Vorn Vet-also lived there.[228] Pol Pot's wife, whose schizophrenia had worsened, was sent to live in a house in Boeung ... His family was of mixed Chinese and ethnic Khmer heritage, but did not speak Chinese and lived as though they were fully Khmer. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol_Pot

Suffering from Alzheimer's disease, he had been living at the facility since 2006.[4] ... For Kleinow, the opportunity was the culmination of his desire to "finally make a living with music," and he would work for ... Gram Parsons Archives Vol.1: Live at the Avalon Ballroom 1969 (2007) ... intolerant of the group's infamously erratic live performances; and increasingly disenchanted by his exclusion from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneaky_Pete_Kleinow

While living in Hall County, Texas, they also played at 'ranch dances' which were popular throughout west Texas.[9] ... Infectious disease deaths in Texas. *Songwriters from Texas. *Songwriters from Oklahoma. *Singers from Oklahoma ... In addition, The Rolling Stones performed this song live in Austin, Texas at Zilker Park on their A Bigger Bang Tour, a shout- ... Having lived a lavish lifestyle in California, Wills moved back to Oklahoma City in 1949, then went back on the road to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Texas_Playboys

Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are liver disease, and starvation. Muscle atrophy occurs ... chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; burns, liver failure, etc., and the wasting Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (HMSN Type III). ... chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), renal failure, and severe burns; patients who have "cachexia" in these disease settings ... There are many diseases and conditions which cause a decrease in muscle mass, known as atrophy, including activity, as seen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_atrophy

The division also provides education programs such as the first live kidney transplant operation broadcast to a public audience ... the 3rd highest score in New Jersey for Kidney disease; and the 4th highest score in New Jersey for Cancer, Gynecology, and ... 2009 First live broadcast of kidney transplant, scenta, February 05, 2007 - accessed July 11, 2009 Scalds: A Burning Issue, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Barnabas_Medical_Center

Live-action film[edit]. Main article: Maria-sama ga Miteru (film). A live-action film adaptation premiered in Japanese theaters ... Young Disease Outburst Boy (2019). *The Seven Deadly Sins: Wrath of the Gods (2019-2020) ... "Live-Action Maria-Sama ga Miteru Main Cast Presented". Anime News Network. April 26, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2010.. ... A live-action film adaptation was released in Japan in November 2010. Several audio dramas and music albums were also published ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria-sama_ga_Miteru

Diseases and symptoms[edit]. Pneumonia is the most common of the S. pneumoniae diseases which include symptoms such as fever ... Griffith demonstrated transformation of life turning harmless pneumococcus into a lethal form by co-inoculating the live ... 16: Pneumococcal Disease". In Atkinson W; Wolfe S; Hamborsky J. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases ( ... "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.. *^ "Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper--2012" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 87 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae

2010). «Genetic risk factors for hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with advanced liver disease». Gastroenterology. 139 (1): ... Rosenbloom J (1984). «Elastin: relation of protein and gene structure to disease». Lab. Invest. 51 (6): 605-23. PMID 6150137. ... 2009). «Association of genetic variants with chronic kidney disease in individuals with different lipid profiles». Int. J. Mol ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastina

To conduct the scan, a short-lived radioactive tracer isotope is injected into the living subject (usually into blood ... Infectious diseasesEdit. Imaging infections with molecular imaging technologies can improve diagnosis and treatment follow-up. ... Radionuclides used in PET scanning are typically isotopes with short half-lives[3] such as carbon-11 (~20 min), nitrogen-13 (~ ... PET technology can be used to trace the biologic pathway of any compound in living humans (and many other species as well), ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_scan

"Ebola Virus Disease". SRHD. Retrieved 15 September 2020.. *^ a b c d "Q&A on Transmission, Ebola". Centers for Disease Control ... February 1999). "Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees living in a rain forest of Côte d'Ivoire". The Journal of ... "About Ebola Virus Disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. ... "Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 5 November 2014. Archived from the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Both Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are generally characterized as having "differentiated living quarters, flat-roofed brick houses, ... with the highest prevalence of both disease and trauma present in the skeletons from Area G (an ossuary located south-east of ... "Infection, Disease, and Biosocial Processes at the End of the Indus Civilisation". PLoS ONE. 8 (12): e84814. Bibcode:2013PLoSO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa

He is best known for his roles on the soap operas Days of Our Lives and The Bay, for the former of which he received a ... The disease was treated with surgeries to remove the malignant tumors in her eyes and chemotherapy. When she was five, tumors ... Since 2011, Ashford has starred on the soap opera web series The Bay as Steve Jenson, opposite his former Days of Our Lives co- ... Days of Our Lives Jack Devereaux Contract role. Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Daytime Villain. Soap Opera Digest ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Ashford

The disease is spreading into eastern Panama and threatening all amphibians living there.[27] ... Some amphibia can be found living in the desert or the arctic.[15]p12 The desert froglet lives in the desert. They are only ... Amphibians like to live near freshwater in warm weather. There have also been species which live in forests, deserts and arctic ... The crab-eating frog lives near water that is somewhat salty. They will eat saltwater crabs. Torrent salamanders lives in cold ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia

... through the End Stage Renal Disease Program) people of all ages with end-stage renal disease. The Medicare Program provides a ... Special rules exist for those living in a nursing home and disabled children living at home. ... Similarly, if a child lives with someone other than a parent, he may still be eligible based on its individual status.[74] ... More than half of people living with AIDS in the US are estimated to receive Medicaid payments. Two other programs that provide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid

Know your risk and what you can do to prevent liver problems. ... Get the facts about liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cancer, ... 25 Ways to Love Your Liver (American Liver Foundation) * Fighting Fatty Liver: Steps Against a Silent Disease (National ... Inherited diseases, such as hemochromatosis and Wilson disease. Symptoms of liver disease can vary, but they often include ... Tests such as imaging tests and liver function tests can check for liver damage and help to diagnose liver diseases. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html

I Am APatient / CaregiverDiseases & ConditionsLiving Well with Rheumatic DiseaseExercise and Arthritis ... Other benefits include less bone loss and small-joint damage associated with RA and no increase in pain or disease activity. ... Physically active individuals are healthier, happier and live longer than those who are inactive and unfit. This is especially ...

https://www.rheumatology.org/i-am-a/patient-caregiver/diseases-conditions/living-well-with-rheumatic-disease/exercise-and-arthritis

Common Diseases Fatty Liver Disease. Fatty liver is a common hepatic manifestation of excessive alcohol consumption, occurring ... beverages is a worldwide cause of preventable alcoholic liver disease[1] and can add to the progression of other liver diseases ... Liver biopsy is no longer routine in establishing the diagnosis in alcoholic liver disease.[3] It is beneficial, however, when ... The number of liver transplants performed annually in the United States for alcoholic liver disease is increasing.[55] When ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/899082

"Chronic liver disease" refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months. It consists of a wide range of ... Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive ... Testing for chronic liver disease involves blood tests, imaging including ultrasound and a biopsy of the liver. The liver ... Chronic Liver Disease Causes, Symptoms And Treatment - 27/01/2007 Liver Disease Archived 2010-01-31 at the Wayback Machine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_liver_disease

... which recognize lipid antigens and are enriched in the liver. Natural killer T cells play important roles in infections,... ... autoimmune liver diseases, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. ... B virus and hepatitis C virus infection autoimmune liver diseases alcoholic liver disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ... Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease- a multisystem disease? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(43): 9488-9505PubMedPubMedCentral ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11684-018-0622-3

Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases integrates the traditional knowledge of physiological and pathological processes in the ... liver with a balanced emphasis on fundamental concepts; timely advances in ... Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases is a comprehensive reference on liver pathobiology for basic, translational and clinical ... thus providing a practical disease-based integrative resource on the molecular pathology of liver disease. Satdarshan (Paul) ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4419-7107-4

... fundamental mechanisms and therapeutic innovation in liver diseases. ... with a specific emphasis on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - a common liver disorder that is frequently seen ... Liver Diseases Virology Section T. Jake Liang, M.D., NIH Distinguished Investigator, Section Chief ... study of hepatic involvement in other diseases such as Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Sickle Cell Disease; and (5) ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/research-funding/at-niddk/labs-branches/liver-diseases-branch

... liver.html?id=fghsAAAAMAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareDiseases of the liver. ... hyperbilirubinemia increased injection intestinal intrahepatic Invest lesions lipid lithocholate liver cells liver disease ... Diseases of the Liver, Volume 2. Leon Schiff,Eugene R. Schiff. Snippet view - 1993. ... Diseases of the liver, Volume 1. Leon Schiff,Eugene R. Schiff. Snippet view - 1993. ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=fghsAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s&hl=en

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Trends in Chronic lower respiratory diseases from Health, United States. *COPD-related Mortality by Sex and Race Among Adults ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Includes: Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/copd.htm

... applying cutting-edge technologies to study the pathogenesis and therapeutic innovations of viral-related liver diseases ... Liver Diseases Virology Section. of the Liver Diseases Branch T. Jake Liang, M.D., NIH Distinguished Investigator Section Chief ... applying cutting-edge technologies to study the pathogenesis and therapeutic innovations of viral-related liver diseases. ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/research-funding/at-niddk/labs-branches/liver-diseases-branch/liver-diseases-virology-section

... fat builds up in your liver. Learn about the two types: one is caused by heavy drinking and the other has an unknown cause. ... NASH may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.. What is alcoholic fatty liver disease?. Alcoholic fatty liver disease is due to ... What are the symptoms of fatty liver disease?. Both NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease are usually silent diseases with ... Fatty liver disease is a condition in which fat builds up in your liver. There are two main types:. *Nonalcoholic fatty liver ...

https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html

Living & Caregiving. Living with Alzheimers disease means caring for the patient -- and caring for the caregiver. Heres how ... Living Healthy Living Healthy Living Healthy Diet, Food & Fitness. * Diet & Weight Management ...

https://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/alzheimers-disease-treatment-care

Though relieved, it is hard not to worry about Castleman disease recurrence. Learn more here. ... Living With Castleman Disease. For many people with Castleman disease (CD), treatment can remove or destroy the disease. ... Learning to live with CD as a more of a chronic disease can be difficult and very stressful. It has its own type of uncertainty ... Learn more about these partnerships and how you too can join us in our mission to save lives, celebrate lives, and lead the ...

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/castleman-disease/after-treatment/after-follow-up.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... Percent of adults with diagnosed liver disease: 1.8%. Source: Summary Health Statistics Tables for U.S. Adults: National Health ... National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseasesexternal icon. *American Association for the Study of Liver ... Number of adults with diagnosed liver disease: 4.5 million. * ... Digestive and Liverplus icon *Digestive Diseases. *Chronic ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liver-disease.htm

... blood test can diagnose liver cirrhosis and fibrosis in heavy alcohol drinkers much more easily and accurately than present ... Liver pain: Symptoms and causes Pain in the upper abdomen may be caused by the liver and can indicate a serious disease. Learn ... The problem with liver disease is that symptoms are not usually noticeable until there is liver failure, by which time it is ... We hope that this type of test for liver scarring may start to change this because the earlier we can detect liver disease, the ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249607.php

A better understanding of the pathophysiology of cholestatic liver diseases has led to the development of more targeted ... end-stage liver disease and death or liver transplantation. While PBC is currently treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and ... end-stage liver disease and death or liver transplantation.[4] ... Primary cholestatic liver diseases affecting adults are mainly ... Disease recurrence after liver transplantation. Yes, 9.6%-34% at 5 y121 Yes, 20%-37% at 5 y121,123 ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/902289

Progress report on chronic liver diseases including liver cancer World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East ... Report to the Regional Director on research study group meeting on chronic liver diseases, including liver cancer, SEARO, 28 ... Report on the regional workshop on standardization of histological criteria for diagnosis of liver diseases including liver ... 1980)‎. Chronic liver diseases including liver cancer. New Delhi: WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. https://apps.who.int ...

http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/127316?locale-attribute=fr&

Although the disorder of the liver metabolism is caused by different liver diseases, the break of metabolic balance is ... liver metabolism homeostasis is damaged, and metabolic disorders will further aggravate liver disease. Consequently, it is ... We discuss the relationship between liver disease and metabolic changes, outline the process of how metabolic changes are ... regulated by liver diseases, and describe the role which metabolic changes play in the process and prognosis of liver disease. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/1287127/

... refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake. There are several stages of severity and a range of associated symptoms ... Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake. There are several stages of ... Fatty liver disease is reversible. If you stop drinking alcohol for 2 weeks, your liver should return to normal. ... helping fight infection and disease The liver is very resilient and capable of regenerating itself. Each time your liver ...

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/

... there are a battery of tests that need to be performed in order to correctly diagnose the underlying cause for the disease. ... There are multiple causes of liver disease. While some are infective, some are genetic or autoimmune and some metabolic.This ... Tests for diagnosis of liver disease (1, 2, 3). There are three main types of test that are performed in liver disease ... Blood levels of protein and albumin are indicative of healthy functioning of the liver. In liver disease there is derangement ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Liver-disease-diagnosis.aspx

... but if fat accounts for more than 10 per cent of the livers weight, then this is known as fatty liver ... ... It is normal for the liver to contain some fat, ... Fatty liver disease. It is normal for the liver to contain some ... How is fatty liver disease treated?. There are no medical or surgical treatments for fatty liver, but some steps may help ... These could be signs of a fatty liver. To make sure you dont have a different liver disease, your doctor may ask for more ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/healthy-living/a3037/fatty-liver-disease/

Friday, September 22, 2017 - 8:13am Analyst Color, Biotech, FDA, ICPT, Intercept, Jim Birchenough, Liver Disease, Liver Drugs ... Wednesday, January 6, 2016 - 8:45am Biopharmaceutical, CNAT, cyotkeratin 18, Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Disease, News, Health Care ... Friday, September 22, 2017 - 9:11am Analyst Color, Biotech, Ian Somaiya, ICPT, Liver Disease, Long Ideas, NASH, News Shares of ... Thursday, November 2, 2017 - 1:43pm Biotech, Clinical Stage, Linda Grais, Liver Disease, MNK, News, OCR 002, OCRX Mallinckrodt ...

https://www.benzinga.com/topic/liver-disease

A few summers ago, my wife and I took a trip to Salt Lake City, where my daughter, son-in-law and their dog, Joey, lived part ... It is either denial or the ability to live in the moment, but my Parkinsons doesnt bother me too much psychologically. ...

https://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-myturn-parkinsons4-2009may04-story.html

Zobair M Younossi;] -- An essential resource for the day-to-day management of patients with liver disease and its complications ... diseases_diagnosis> # Liver Diseases--diagnosis. a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Liver Diseases--diagnosis"@en ;. .. ... diseases_therapy> # Liver Diseases--therapy. a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Liver Diseases--therapy"@en ;. .. ... Autoimmune liver disease / Andrea A. Gossard and Keith D. Lindor --. Drug-induced liver disease (DILI) / Julie Polson and Naga ...

http://www.worldcat.org/title/practical-management-of-liver-diseases/oclc/276369170

... Guest Editors: Satoru Murata, Pascal Niggemann, Edward W. Lee, and ... Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology for Liver Diseases, Satoru Murata, Pascal Niggemann, Edward W. Lee, and Per Kristian ... Volume Change and Liver Parenchymal Signal Intensity in Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Portal Vein ... Measurement of Liver Iron Concentration by MRI Is Reproducible, José María Alústiza, José I. Emparanza, Agustín Castiella, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/si/954624/

Chronic diseases: …of other liver conditions, including fatty liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis, as well as the risk of ... certain types of cancer, including head and neck cancer (e.g., oral cancer, pharyngeal cancer), esophageal cancer, liver cancer ... Other articles where Fatty liver disease is discussed: alcoholism: ... In alcoholism: Chronic diseases. …of other liver conditions, including fatty liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis, as well as ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/fatty-liver-disease

Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is caused by drinking too much alcohol. The more you drink above the recommended limits, ... Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is caused by drinking too much alcohol. The more you drink above the recommended limits, ... drinking a large amount of alcohol in a short amount of time (binge drinking) can cause fatty liver disease and, less commonly ... having a pre-existing liver condition, such as hepatitis C *genetics (alcohol dependence and problems processing alcohol often ...

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/causes/

... but most cases of liver disease in cats are treatable. Find out the treatments available for liver disease in cats here. ... The liver is prone to damage from a variety of systems within the body, ...

https://www.petfinder.com/tags/cat-liver-disease-treatments/

The indicators of liver disease in cats can be a bit ambiguous because they are similar to symptoms of many other diseases and ...

https://www.petfinder.com/tags/cat-liver-disease-symptoms/

The liver is one of the largest solid organs of the body. It is located in the upper right part of the abdomen. Most of the ... Causes of liver disease. Liver disease symptoms Liver disease diagnosis. Liver disease treatments. ... acute liver disease, or long term, chronic liver disease. An acute liver disease may also convert into a chronic liver disease ... Types of liver disease. Alcohol related liver disease is one of the commonest toxin induced liver disease worldwide. In normal ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-liver-disease.aspx

By altering or overwhelming these defence mechanisms, cholestatic diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) can further progress to biliary cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and death or liver transplantation. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Non-responders to treatment with UDCA and/or OCA are at risk for progression to biliary cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and death or liver transplantation. (medscape.com)
Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment and its rates have remained stable since the 1990s. (medscape.com)
Liver transplantation / Robert L. Carithers, Jr. (worldcat.org)
A PowerPoint presentation entitled "Liver Transplantation - Surgical Procedure", which includes photographs from the operating table of the step-by-step process in liver transplantation. (wiley.com)
Treatment of hepatitis C after orthotopic liver transplantation. (clevelandclinic.org)
The long-term survival and causes of death in-patients who survive at least 1 year after liver transplantation. (clevelandclinic.org)
Fontana RJ, Keefe EB, Carey WD, Fried M, Reddy R, Kowdley KV, Soldevila-Pico C, McClure LA, Lok A S.F. Effect of lamivudine on survival of 309 north american patients awaiting liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis b. (clevelandclinic.org)
A fatal case of hepatitis C seroconversion following living- related kidney transplantation: another argument for nucleic acid amplification testing of transplant recipients and donors. (clevelandclinic.org)
In extreme cases, liver resection or liver transplantation may be required. (emoryhealthcare.org)
Outstanding areas of medical research at the University of Alberta include diabetes, obesity, virology, heart disease, motor control and rehabilitation, protein structure and function, and transplantation. (ualberta.ca)
The number of people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is steadily increasing and is on pace to become the most common cause of primary liver cancer and liver transplantation by 2025, Reddy says. (baltimoresun.com)
For advanced autoimmune liver diseases, liver transplantation may be required. (bidmc.org)
Patients with PSC who have undergone orthotopic liver transplantation will be offered enrollment except for collection of bile - please see below under Exclusion Criteria. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The Center for Autoimmune Liver Disease (CALD) includes experts in the fields of hepatology, immunology, radiology, liver surgery, and liver transplantation offering extensive experience in treating all forms and stages of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) in children and adolescents. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Liver transplantation can be curative. (wikipedia.org)

Symptoms of liver disease can vary, but they often include swelling of the abdomen and legs, bruising easily, changes in the color of your stool and urine, and jaundice , or yellowing of the skin and eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
What are the symptoms of fatty liver disease? (medlineplus.gov)
Both NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease are usually silent diseases with few or no symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
Because there are often no symptoms, it is not easy to find fatty liver disease. (medlineplus.gov)
The problem with liver disease is that symptoms are not usually noticeable until there is liver failure, by which time it is too late to do anything about it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
ARLD doesn't usually cause any symptoms until the liver has been severely damaged. (www.nhs.uk)
Fatty liver disease rarely causes any symptoms, but it's an important warning sign that you're drinking at a harmful level. (www.nhs.uk)
Patients who develop signs of liver disease even nonspecific ones like weakness, fatigue and nausea need to seek medical advice if their symptoms are not otherwise explained. (news-medical.net)
A fatty liver typically causes no symptoms on its own, so people often learn about their fatty liver when they have medical tests for other reasons. (netdoctor.co.uk)
NASH can damage your liver for years or even decades without causing any symptoms. (netdoctor.co.uk)
The indicators of liver disease in cats can be a bit ambiguous because they are similar to symptoms of many other diseases and illnesses. (petfinder.com)
Learn about the symptoms of liver disease in cats here. (petfinder.com)
Since it is a large organ, nearly two thirds of the liver has to be affected for the symptoms of hepatic disease to show in most individuals. (news-medical.net)
What are the signs and symptoms of Pediatric Intrahepatic Cholestasis Liver Diseases? (childrens.com)
The teenagers with basic fatty liver disease would often have no symptoms besides excess weight. (smh.com.au)
This type of yellow discoloration, known as jaundice, is one of the most telling symptoms of liver disease. (wikihow.com)
All types of liver disease include general fatigue and lack of strength as part of their symptoms. (wikihow.com)
Many of these symptoms, such as fatigue and nausea, can be indicative of a wide variety of illnesses besides liver disease. (wikihow.com)
What are symptoms and signs of liver disease? (medicinenet.com)
Learn about heart disease, heart attack symptoms, and the signs of a heart attack. (medicinenet.com)
If a person is showing the symptoms of this condition, and is diagnosed with the same, the doctor would first check the condition of the liver in this case. (buzzle.com)
Liver disease doesn't usually cause any obvious signs or symptoms until it's fairly advanced and the liver is damaged. (nidirect.gov.uk)
Alcoholic hepatitis causes inflammation in the liver and can cause symptoms such as ascites (fluid build-up in the abdomen), hepatic encephalopathy (elevated ammonia and confusion), and jaundice (yellowing of the skin). (memorialhermann.org)
Consumption of vitamin E could help to battle the symptoms of liver disease brought on by obesity, according to new research. (nutraingredients.com)
Since the liver is such a resilient organ, most patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease do not have symptoms or any laboratory abnormalities. (baltimoresun.com)
Chronic liver disease passes through a long period of minimal vague symptoms until the final stages of jaundice and mental confusion appear. (bartleby.com)
There are many causes, symptoms, ways to diagnose and treatments that surround this disease as well as many ways that this fatal disease can be prevented. (bartleby.com)
When you don't have any symptoms of the disease, you're considered to have compensated cirrhosis. (healthline.com)
When your cirrhosis has progressed to the point that the liver is having trouble functioning and you start having symptoms of the disease, you're considered to have decompensated cirrhosis. (healthline.com)
The treatment of decompensated liver disease is focused on stopping the progression of the disease and managing the symptoms to improve quality of life. (healthline.com)
However, this depends on age, overall health, and potential complications, such as the severity of symptoms and other diseases. (healthline.com)
If you're concerned you may be at risk for decompensated liver disease or you're experiencing symptoms of decompensated liver disease, see your doctor and discuss your options. (healthline.com)
The unfortunate problem with liver disease is you don't get any symptoms at all until it's at an advanced stage. (bbc.co.uk)
Too much alcohol and fatty foods, coupled with a lack of symptoms, means that liver disease is becoming difficult to ignore and is already costing the NHS millions each year. (bbc.co.uk)
Doctors at Sheffield Children's Hospital found alarming symptoms of the disease when he underwent a scan, before having his appendix removed. (telegraph.co.uk)
This book provides an overview of some autoimmune diseases-especially lupus -including symptoms, diagnosis procedures, and treatments, prognosis, and ramifications. (prweb.com)
It is often asymptomatic, with no symptoms prior to liver failure. (bidmc.org)
It may be asymptomatic or may be associated with symptoms such as fatigue, itching, dry mouth, dry eyes, high cholesterol or bone disease. (bidmc.org)
Like other autoimmune liver diseases, it may be asymptomatic or may be associated with symptoms such as itching or jaundice. (bidmc.org)
Blood testing is often the first step to diagnosing autoimmune liver diseases because many patients do not show symptoms until the disease has progressed to cirrhosis or liver failure. (bidmc.org)
In front of possible symptoms of a liver disease, you should go to the doctor as soon as possible. (botanical-online.com)
The natural treatment of liver diseases involves using a series of natural resources that help prevent them or reduce Their symptoms. (botanical-online.com)
While there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, there are medications and treatments that can reduce the symptoms. (getpalliativecare.org)
Practitioners of alternative therapies seek to treat not only the physical symptoms of an illness, but the emotional, spiritual, nutritional and social contributors to disease. (care2.com)
These treatments, while beneficial for managing certain symptoms, didn t have the same disease-reversing capabilities are a heart-healthy diet. (care2.com)
The liver is a large organ and a significant amount of liver tissue needs to be damaged before a person experiences symptoms of disease. (rxlist.com)
Symptoms also may depend upon the type of liver disease. (rxlist.com)
citation needed] Some of the signs and symptoms of liver disease are the following: Jaundice[citation needed] Confusion and altered consciousness caused by hepatic encephalopathy. (wikipedia.org)
Risk of bleeding symptoms particularly taking place in gastrointestinal tract There are more than a hundred different kinds of liver disease. (wikipedia.org)

Testing for chronic liver disease involves blood tests, imaging including ultrasound and a biopsy of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
The liver biopsy is a simple procedure done with a fine thin needle under local anaesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
In some cases you may also need a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, and to check how bad the liver damage is. (medlineplus.gov)
The only way to confirm the diagnosis is with a liver biopsy , where a doctor removes a sample of liver tissue with a needle and checks it under a microscope. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Hepatic steatosis detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy is found in 31% of adults in the United States 2 and in 33% of potential live liver donors undergoing liver biopsy. (cmaj.ca)
4 , 10 , 11 Obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are also risk factors for NASH and for advanced fibrosis on liver biopsy. (cmaj.ca)
Biopsy of the intestine's lining via endoscopy remains the most definitive way to diagnose the disease. (washingtonpost.com)
The diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy is usually made upon liver biopsy. (hon.ch)
Your doctor may request diagnostic imaging of your liver and may also perform a liver biopsy. (bidmc.org)
Our world-class Therapeutic Endoscopy Program performs the region's most sought-after hepatobiliary procedures, including ERCP, endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound guided liver biopsy. (childrens.com)
If your doctor thinks you may have a more severe liver disease, you may need a liver biopsy. (familydoctor.org)
this may require a liver biopsy to be performed. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

Diseases caused by drugs, poisons, or too much alcohol. (medlineplus.gov)
Consumption of alcohol-containing (ethanol) beverages is a worldwide cause of preventable alcoholic liver disease [ 1 ] and can add to the progression of other liver diseases, such as hepatitis C virus infection. (medscape.com)
Multiple manifestations of liver disease can develop owing to alcohol. (medscape.com)
Fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma are all risks of significant alcohol intake. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] Fatty liver is the most common histologic manifestation of chronic alcohol consumption. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] Alcohol increases intestinal permeability, and recent studies suggest that changes in the intestinal and circulating microbiome may have a role in the development of advanced alcoholic liver disease. (medscape.com)
[ 12 ] Despite greater overall death rates from alcohol for men, women who consume similar daily amounts of ethanol as men are at even greater individual risk of developing severe end-stage liver disease. (medscape.com)
In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption also increases progression and may be related to the subsequent development of hepatocellular carcinoma. (medscape.com)
It can be difficult to separate alcoholic hepatitis from advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease when both obesity and excessive alcohol consumption are present. (medscape.com)
NAFLD is a type of fatty liver disease that is not related to heavy alcohol use. (medlineplus.gov)
Alcoholic fatty liver disease is due to heavy alcohol use. (medlineplus.gov)
Your liver breaks down most of the alcohol you drink, so it can be removed from your body. (medlineplus.gov)
The more alcohol that you drink, the more you damage your liver. (medlineplus.gov)
Alcoholic fatty liver disease is the earliest stage of alcohol-related liver disease. (medlineplus.gov)
As part of the medical history, your doctor will ask about your alcohol use, to find out whether fat in your liver is a sign of alcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). (medlineplus.gov)
A color-coded "traffic light" blood test can diagnose liver cirrhosis and fibrosis in heavy alcohol drinkers much more easily and accurately than present diagnostic approaches , researchers from the University of Southampton and Southampton General Hospital, England, reported in the British Journal of General Practice . (medicalnewstoday.com)
The patient is encouraged to stop drinking alcohol to stop the liver damage from getting worse, and to prevent premature death. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Professor Sir Ian Gilmore, chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance added: "One of the challenges of liver disease, which is rising dramatically in this country, is the silent nature of the condition until it is often too late to reverse the damage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) refers to liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake. (www.nhs.uk)
If you regularly drink alcohol to excess, tell your GP so they can check if your liver is damaged. (www.nhs.uk)
Each time your liver filters alcohol, some of the liver cells die. (www.nhs.uk)
The liver can develop new cells, but prolonged alcohol misuse (drinking too much) over many years can reduce its ability to regenerate. (www.nhs.uk)
Drinking a large amount of alcohol, even for just a few days, can lead to a build-up of fats in the liver. (www.nhs.uk)
If you stop drinking alcohol for 2 weeks, your liver should return to normal. (www.nhs.uk)
When this develops, it may be the first time a person is aware they're damaging their liver through alcohol. (www.nhs.uk)
A person who has alcohol-related cirrhosis and doesn't stop drinking has a less than 50% chance of living for at least 5 more years. (www.nhs.uk)
A liver transplant may be required in severe cases where the liver has stopped functioning and doesn't improve when you stop drinking alcohol. (www.nhs.uk)
All liver transplant units require a person to not drink alcohol while awaiting the transplant, and for the rest of their life. (www.nhs.uk)
History of previous illness, drug or alcohol intake, family history of liver disease needs to be evaluated in detail. (news-medical.net)
Sometimes, inflammation from a fatty liver is linked to alcohol abuse and this is known as alcoholic steatohepatitis. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Alcohol abuse, rapid weight loss and malnutrition may also lead to fatty liver. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is caused by drinking too much alcohol. (www.nhs.uk)
Liver diseases also result from taking in some drugs or alcohol over long term. (news-medical.net)
Alcohol related liver disease is one of the commonest toxin induced liver disease worldwide. (news-medical.net)
In normal cases the liver breaks down alcohol in the body. (news-medical.net)
Alcohol-related liver disease may be of three types - fatty liver disease , alcoholic hepatitis and finally alcoholic cirrhosis. (news-medical.net)
The alcohol related liver disease begins as fatty deposits on the liver followed by inflammatory changes and finally irreversible tissue scarring or cirrhosis. (news-medical.net)
At the initial phases of alcohol liver disease if alcohol is discontinued the changes may be reversed. (news-medical.net)
Prof Ian Gilmour, a consultation liver specialist and chairman of the alcohol committee of the Royal College of Physicians, said: "From what I see in my clinic I am surprised the increase is not even higher. (telegraph.co.uk)
If these results lead to lowering the cutoff levels for a 'safe' consumption of alcohol in men, and if men adhere to recommendations, we may see a reduced incidence of alcoholic liver disease in the future," he said. (hon.ch)
Alcohol-related liver cirrhosis causes 493,000 deaths a year worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. (hon.ch)
The disease may stem from heavy alcohol use, or not involve alcohol at all, the National Library of Medicine says. (medicinenet.com)
Although there exists a relationship between alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease at both the aggregate and individual levels, it is also well established that less than one-third of alcoholics or heavy drinkers develop serious alcohol-related liver damage. (nih.gov)
Doctors said they're becoming increasingly concerned that the epidemic in obesity is going to cause more problems with liver disease than alcohol. (yahoo.com)
The food from the fast food joints and the alcohol is causing a lot of stress on the liver and making the liver unfit to perform the functions as efficiently as it should. (buzzle.com)
The diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) requires evidence of fatty changes in the liver in the absence of a history of excessive alcohol consumption. (cmaj.ca)
It's important to note that all types of liver disease can cause cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), not just alcohol-related liver disease. (nidirect.gov.uk)
People with hepatitis C should avoid alcohol as this can accelerate the progression of liver damage. (memorialhermann.org)
The liver processes alcohol and helps the body get rid of it. (memorialhermann.org)
It is well known that drinking too much alcohol can damage the liver. (memorialhermann.org)
Alcoholic fatty liver is the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease and is easily reversible with discontinuation of alcohol use. (memorialhermann.org)
Alcoholic cirrhosis refers to scarring in the liver from years of heavy alcohol use. (memorialhermann.org)
The protective function of natural gut antibiotics is impaired by alcohol leaving bacteria free to migrate to the liver aggravating alcohol-induced liver disease, a study has shown. (nutraingredients.com)
The liver also removes alcohol from the blood, as well as affects many medications a person takes. (healthline.com)
The disease is associated with overeating rather than drinking too much alcohol. (baltimoresun.com)
Tapper said "there's an excellent chance your liver will repair itself" in the wake of decreased alcohol consumption. (nypost.com)
The underlying causes of these disease states include viral infections like hepatitis A, B and C alcohol, drugs, metabolic disorders and immunological factors. (bartleby.com)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as accumulation of lipids, mainly triglycerides, due to causes other than viruses, alcohol, or genetics. (bartleby.com)
Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that's commonly the result of hepatitis or alcohol use disorder . (healthline.com)
Cirrhosis is the severe scarring and poor function of the liver caused by long-term exposure to toxins such as alcohol or viral infections. (healthline.com)
Cirrhosis - scarring of the liver - is commonly associated with alcohol abuse, but it can also be caused by obesity. (bbc.co.uk)
Even though alcohol is regarded as the key cause of liver disease in the UK, weight-related liver damage is set to become a huge public health problem where, if the projections hold true, obesity could overtake alcohol as the biggest single driver of cirrhosis in the future. (bbc.co.uk)
Doctors say obesity levels are now so high that children are commonly suffering signs of disease more commonly associated with alcohol abuse, meaning many will go on to develop cirrhosis, with some requiring liver transplants. (telegraph.co.uk)
Prof Lombard said he was concerned that children suffering from fatty liver disease were at particular risk if they started experimenting with alcohol in teenage years. (telegraph.co.uk)
Inflammatory foods (refined sugar, alcohol, red meat, trans fats) are the leading cause of coronary artery disease, Kumar notes in her book, "Becoming Real: Harnessing the Power of Menopause for Health and Success. (care2.com)
The damage to your liver can sometimes reverse or improve if the trigger is gone, such as stop drinking alcohol or if the virus is treated. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Alcohol can be toxic to the liver (hepatotoxic), especially in high doses, and long-term alcohol abuse is a common cause of liver disease . (rxlist.com)
The liver also breaks down medications and drugs, including alcohol, and is responsible for breaking down insulin and other hormones in the body. (rxlist.com)
Studies have linked higher choline intake to a range of benefits, including a decreased risk for heart disease , 14 a 24 percent decreased risk for breast cancer , 15 and the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, which is largely driven by high-sugar diets, as opposed to excess alcohol consumption). (mercola.com)
Alcoholic liver disease is a hepatic manifestation of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
Cirrhosis is the formation of fibrous tissue (fibrosis) in the place of liver cells that have died due to a variety of causes, including viral hepatitis, alcohol overconsumption, and other forms of liver toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Alcohol-induced epigenetic alterations of gene expression appear to lead to liver injury and ultimately carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in which you have inflammation and liver cell damage, as well as fat in your liver. (medlineplus.gov)
The mechanism involved in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer is still unclear. (hindawi.com)
Prof. Yang and team tested their new method in mice with liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and found that it could accurately detect these conditions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
During development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, CCL2 and its receptor are up-regulated in the liver, where they promote macrophage accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis, as well as in adipose tissue. (nih.gov)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is broadly categorized into two types, 'simple' steatosis (without inflammation) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or fatty liver with inflammation. (baltimoresun.com)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the more serious form of fatty liver disease that may lead to cirrhosis, primary liver cancer and dysfunction in other organs. (baltimoresun.com)
The most common cause of elevated liver enzymes as an incidental finding on laboratory studies is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (baltimoresun.com)
In patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, the fatty inflammation can lead to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. (baltimoresun.com)
Those with a more severe form of NAFLD called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH, had significantly higher residues of glyphosate in their urine, an association that held true regardless of other factors in liver health, such as body mass index, diabetes status, age or race. (mercola.com)
The findings come roughly two months after a clinical trial of the drug in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a disease characterized by a buildup of fat in the liver, was halted early because the drug was working better than expected. (newsmax.com)
The extra liver fat is generally benign, but in one in five people, NAFLD evolves into a more serious condition, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (newswise.com)

Fever, jaundice, pain over the right upper part of the liver should prompt medical attention. (news-medical.net)
Although this is usually a sign of liver disease, jaundice can also be caused by obstruction of the bile duct or by the excessive breakdown of red blood cells. (wikihow.com)
If nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progresses to cirrhosis, patients may develop jaundice, ascites (increased fluid in the abdomen) and increased abdominal girth. (baltimoresun.com)
The board-certified physicians at UT Southwestern practicing at Children's Health℠ collaborate with a full team of pediatric specialists to diagnose and treat everything from newborn jaundice to biliary atresia , and other complex liver conditions such as metabolic liver disease , end stage liver disease, and acute liver failure . (childrens.com)
People may have jaundice (have a yellow-orange hue to their skin) because the liver cannot metabolize bilirubin (the normal breakdown product of old red blood cells). (rxlist.com)

It consists of a wide range of liver pathologies which include inflammation (chronic hepatitis), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
Simple fatty liver, in which you have fat in your liver but little or no inflammation or liver cell damage. (medlineplus.gov)
Inflammation and liver cell damage can cause fibrosis, or scarring, of the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
These substances can damage liver cells, promote inflammation, and weaken your body's natural defenses. (medlineplus.gov)
Weight loss can reduce fat in the liver, inflammation, and fibrosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Serum enzymes - AST (Aspartate amionotransferase) and ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) are liver enzymes that are raised when there is liver injury or inflammation. (news-medical.net)
Liver disease may also be accompanied with pancreas inflammation. (news-medical.net)
Fatty liver may sometimes cause no damage, but it may lead to inflammation of the liver - a condition called steatohepatitis. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Medical treatments for fatty liver disease are currently the focus of intense research and doctors are studying whether various medications can help reduce liver inflammation. (netdoctor.co.uk)
I had liver inflammation when I had mono about a year ago. (medhelp.org)
Fatty liver disease, which occurs when fat builds up to become more than 10 per cent of the liver's weight, can lead to inflammation and scarring. (smh.com.au)
The steatotic liver is then thought to be vulnerable to secondary insults, which lead to hepatocellular inflammation and fibrosis. (cmaj.ca)
Chronic hepatitis C can lead to inflammation in the liver and eventually can cause permanent scarring and nodules throughout the liver. (memorialhermann.org)
In some patients, the liver may have both inflammation (hepatitis) and steatosis (fat) resulting in a condition called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH. (memorialhermann.org)
The hepatitis B virus attacks the liver, causing inflammation in the liver. (memorialhermann.org)
There are several types of alcoholic liver disease: alcoholic steatosis (fatty liver), alcoholic hepatitis (inflammation in the liver), or alcoholic cirrhosis (nodular liver with scarring). (memorialhermann.org)
Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own liver cells, resulting in inflammation in the liver and cirrhosis of the liver if left untreated. (memorialhermann.org)
Sustained hepatic inflammation is an important factor in progression of chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (nih.gov)
Liver inflammation is regulated by chemokines, which regulate the migration and activities of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, and circulating immune cells. (nih.gov)
Inflammation is linked to nearly every major health issue, from heart disease to type 2 diabetes to cancer. (aarp.org)
Autoimmune liver diseases occur when the body's immune system attacks the liver, causing inflammation. (bidmc.org)
If left untreated, the liver inflammation may eventually cause cirrhosis of the liver, which may lead to liver cancer and liver failure. (bidmc.org)
Gallbladder disease is the term used to describe a range of gallbladder conditions, which are largely the result of inflammation or irritation of the gallbladder walls. (care2.com)
The practice of yoga is known to improve many risk factors for heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, hardening of the arteries, and stress and inflammation in the body ," says study author, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy, M.D., of the University of Kansas Hospital. (care2.com)
Hepatitis, inflammation of the liver, is caused by various viruses (viral hepatitis) also by some liver toxins (e.g. alcoholic hepatitis), autoimmunity (autoimmune hepatitis) or hereditary conditions. (wikipedia.org)

The Liver and Energy Metabolism Section studies the role of the liver in disorders associated with energy overload, with a specific emphasis on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - a common liver disorder that is frequently seen together with obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. (nih.gov)
We aim to understand mechanisms of fat accumulation in the liver and resultant liver injury, the genetic components of NAFLD and mechanisms of treatment response, using clinical research and basic science tools. (nih.gov)
The cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disorder in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
Ekstedt M and Angulo P found that fibrosis contributed to the development of chronic liver disease in patients with NAFLD [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects between 80 and 100 million adults in the United States, or 30-40% of the population. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Together with alcoholic liver disease , NAFLD is responsible for most cases of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis , and liver cancer . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now more common than alcoholic liver disease owing to the rapid rise in the prevalence of obesity, 1 and NAFLD is the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests. (bmj.com)
3 The first recognisable stage of NAFLD is hepatic steatosis, when fat content exceeds 5% of liver volume. (bmj.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which fat accumulates in the liver and replaces normal liver tissue. (memorialhermann.org)
NAFLD is the most common chronic liver condition and currently there are no approved. (nutraingredients.com)
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide, has been making headlines for its potential to cause cancer, but another serious disease has also been linked to this ubiquitous chemical: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly the most advanced cases. (mercola.com)
Still, it's not the first time glyphosate has been linked to problems with liver health, including NAFLD and NASH. (mercola.com)
After a two-year period, female rats showed signs of liver damage, specifically NAFLD and progression to NASH. (mercola.com)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a buildup of fat in the liver. (familydoctor.org)
NAFLD can be harmless, but sometimes it may cause the liver to swell. (familydoctor.org)
To diagnose NAFLD, your doctor may check your blood and order a scan of your liver. (familydoctor.org)
NAFLD usually does not affect how well the liver works. (familydoctor.org)
However, in rare cases, NAFLD may stop the liver from working as it should. (familydoctor.org)
No one can tell for sure who will have liver problems from NAFLD. (familydoctor.org)
With the rise of obesity in the U.S., the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-in which excess fat fills the liver-has risen to epidemic levels. (newswise.com)
Based on their examination of liver biopsies from NAFLD and NASH patients, Drs. Wang and Tabas believe that TAZ works in the same way in people. (newswise.com)
NAFLD is the most common form of liver disease in the U.S., with an estimated prevalence of 30 18 to 40 percent 19 among the adult population. (mercola.com)
According to Chris Masterjohn, who has a Ph.D. in nutritional science, choline deficiency actually appears to be a far more significant trigger of NAFLD than excess fructose, and in his view, the rise in NAFLD is largely the result of shunning liver and egg yolks. (mercola.com)

Some examples of this would include chronic cancers with liver metastases, infiltrative haematological disorders such as chronic lymphoproliferative conditions, chronic myeloid leukaemias, myelofibrosis and metabolic abnormalities such as Gaucher's disease and glycogen storage diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Haemochromatosis Wilson's disease Autoimmune response causes Primary biliary cholangitis (previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis) Primary sclerosing cholangitis Other Right heart failure These differ according to the type of chronic liver disease. (wikipedia.org)
Natural killer T cells play important roles in infections, tumors, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. (springer.com)
and (5) evaluation, management and therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis and metabolic/genetic liver disease. (nih.gov)
The liver is the main metabolic organ in the body especially in lipometabolism and glycometabolism. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, it is essential to maintain the normal metabolic function of the liver. (hindawi.com)
When the liver is in a pathological state, liver metabolism homeostasis is damaged, and metabolic disorders will further aggravate liver disease. (hindawi.com)
Consequently, it is essential to determine the relationship between liver diseases and metabolic disorders. (hindawi.com)
Although the disorder of the liver metabolism is caused by different liver diseases, the break of metabolic balance is determined by changes in the state of the liver. (hindawi.com)
We discuss the relationship between liver disease and metabolic changes, outline the process of how metabolic changes are regulated by liver diseases, and describe the role which metabolic changes play in the process and prognosis of liver disease. (hindawi.com)
Many specialists now also believe that metabolic syndrome - a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease and stroke - plays an important role in the development of fatty liver. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Yet they were at risk of metabolic conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes and heart disease, said Dr Ayonrinde, a gastroenterologist and hepatologist from Freemantle Hospital and the University of Western Australia. (smh.com.au)
The disease is common and it is underdiagnosed … that potentially results in missed opportunities to identify and address metabolic risk factors in people who have it,' he said. (smh.com.au)
Using metabolic and genetic profiling and machine learning, they developed a gut microbiome signature for liver disease based on differences in the types and amounts of bacteria in patients compared to healthy individuals. (nih.gov)
The most prominent risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are components of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, high blood-cholesterol levels and obesity. (baltimoresun.com)
Recent evidence also suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an indicator and/or a key regulator of deleterious effects of the metabolic syndrome on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. (baltimoresun.com)
The role of dietary sugar in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been implicated in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance and high blood pressure, among other markers of metabolic syndrome. (newswise.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. (wikipedia.org)

Development of alcoholic liver disease may also be related to associated obesity and malnutrition. (medscape.com)
Professor George said it was likely that obesity could take over from hepatitis and alcoholism as the biggest single cause of liver failure and liver cancer. (smh.com.au)
Traditionally people have associated obesity more with heart disease and diabetes and they are both problems but it has been newer information that obesity is associated with cancers,' he said. (smh.com.au)
Heart disease and stroke risk factors such as high blood pressure , obesity and diabetes also start at an earlier age among black people than white people, the review found. (medicinenet.com)
Obesity is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, which can range from simple accumulation of fat in the liver to irreversible scarring, a condition known as cirrhosis. (huffingtonpost.com)
A study done by the USC Childhood Obesity Research Center found that 38 percent of obese Hispanic children and adolescents in Los Angeles have liver fat levels indicating the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. (huffingtonpost.com)
Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:705-9. (clevelandclinic.org)
Up to 90 percent of patients with morbid obesity and at least 50 percent of those with type II diabetes mellitus will have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (baltimoresun.com)
Because of the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is estimated at 25 percent to 40 percent of the U.S. population. (baltimoresun.com)
One of the real terrible things about this particular condition [liver disease] - and other conditions which are internal - is that you can see obesity from the outside but you can't see it from the inside," she said. (bbc.co.uk)
Britain's most senior liver expert said the country was now facing a timebomb, with thousands of lives already at risk, and the numbers of children suffering from the disease projected to "rocket" further in line with rising obesity levels. (telegraph.co.uk)
We know that with childhood obesity on the rise we can expect more children to be at risk of fatty liver disease in the near future. (telegraph.co.uk)
Newswise - Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a condition closely linked to obesity, affects roughly 25 percent of people in the U.S. There is no drug treatment for the disease, although weight loss can reduce the buildup of fat in the liver. (newswise.com)

The next section examines the mechanisms that are commonly implicated in the cellular and molecular basis of several hepatic pathologies, followed eventually by a section each on a multitude of non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases of the liver. (springer.com)
The abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and fats due to an imbalance in hepatic metabolism can result in insulin resistance in insulin sensitive tissues such as the liver. (hindawi.com)
An imbalance in hepatic metabolism may result from the disease which causes hepatic dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
When hepatic lipid metabolism homeostasis is damaged, triglycerides are accumulated pathologically in liver cells due to upregulation of triglyceride synthesis, decreased lipid droplet decomposition, and impaired triglyceride and very LDL (VLDL) secretory function [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism homeostasis will ultimately result in fatty liver. (hindawi.com)
Although liver fibrosis is due to excessive activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the process is regulated by lipid metabolism [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
The liver gets blood supply fresh from the heart via the hepatic artery. (news-medical.net)
Jacob George, a professor of hepatic medicine at the University of Sydney, said 20 years ago doctors never saw children with cirrhosis or liver failure, but now were reporting seeing such cases. (smh.com.au)
20 Hyperinsulinemia increases serum free fatty acid levels, which are taken up by the liver and drive triglyceride production and hepatic steatosis ( Fig. 1 ). (cmaj.ca)
The liver does this by receiving blood with nutrients from the digestive organs via a vein known as the hepatic portal vein . (healthline.com)
Acute liver failure is more serious that chronic hepatic failure. (botanical-online.com)
Liver disease (also called hepatic disease) is a type of damage to or disease of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis) is a reversible condition where large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells. (wikipedia.org)

Transplant is required when the liver fails and there is no other alternative. (wikipedia.org)
You'll only be considered for a liver transplant if you have developed complications of cirrhosis despite having stopped drinking. (www.nhs.uk)
Now that we are speaking about the end stage liver disease, it signifies that the condition of the liver cannot be improved, and a liver transplant would be required immediately. (buzzle.com)
Hepatitis C is now the #1 cause of liver transplant in the United States and is a main cause of liver cancer. (memorialhermann.org)
If you're an adult with liver disease that may call for a transplant, your MELD score helps to tell how quickly you might it. (webmd.com)
It ranks your degree of sickness, which shows how much you need a liver transplant . (webmd.com)
If your doctor says you need a liver transplant, you'll be added to a waiting list managed by a national organization called the United Network for Organ Sharing. (webmd.com)
If a transplant center believes that your MELD score doesn't accurately represent how urgently you need a liver transplant, it can try to add "exception points" to your score. (webmd.com)
This happens if your doctor believes that you may only have hours or days before you need a transplant to live. (webmd.com)
There is one case in the literature where, despite the delivery of the baby, it was felt that the disease process had not been reversed and the patient underwent successful liver transplant. (hon.ch)
People with severe liver damage may need a liver transplant . (healthline.com)
For people who get a liver transplant, research shows that the 5 year survival rate is about 75 percent. (healthline.com)
Many liver transplant recipients are able to live a normal life for over twenty years or more after the operation. (healthline.com)
we were totally shocked when they said he could end up with cirrhosis, or needing a liver transplant, like an alcoholic. (telegraph.co.uk)
Speaking at the conference, Professor Abdul Wahab, a renowned liver transplant surgeon, shared his experience of establishing a transplant centre in a developing country like Egypt, and put forth his technical advice on how to start a transplant centre at Dhaka. (thedailystar.net)
There are many gastroenterologists who manage liver disease, but we have invested in advanced training to provide a full spectrum of care, from disease management and resolution through liver transplant should it become necessary. (childrens.com)
In rare cases in which a child requires a liver transplant , we offer the only pediatric liver transplant program in North Texas. (childrens.com)
Amal Aqul, M.D. , and Norberto Rodriguez-Baez, M.D. , are each board certified in hepatology, liver transplant and general gastroenterology. (childrens.com)
In the event that your child needs a liver transplant, you can rest assured your child is in the best possible hands. (childrens.com)
Our transplant program, led by UT Southwestern surgeons and physicians, was home to the first liver transplant in North Texas in 1984. (childrens.com)
Our liver transplant program ranks #4 in the nation as reported by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients , and we are the only 5-star program in Texas for adults and pediatrics. (childrens.com)
We have the latest tools such as magnetic resonance elastography to accurately diagnose the degree of fibrosis (scarring) in the liver so that our team can compassionately and expertly manage the disease progression for a complete cure -- or in rare cases of end-stage liver disease -- liver transplant. (childrens.com)
In severe cases of the disease, the fat can build up to toxic levels that may eventually require a liver transplant. (newswise.com)

The mechanism that results in the progression of alcoholic liver injury to alcoholic hepatitis remains unclear. (medscape.com)
Controversial results from previous studies are discussed, and indicate the dynamic alteration in the role of natural killer T cells during the progression of liver diseases, which might be caused by changes in natural killer T subsets, factors skewing cytokine responses, and intercellular crosstalk between natural killer T cells and CD1d-expressing cells or bystander cells. (springer.com)
Classification of the progression of the disease takes into consideration the amount of remaining liver parenchyma compared to the amount and size of cysts. (wikipedia.org)

Signs of chronic liver disease detectable on clinical examination can be divided into those that are associated with the diagnosis of chronic liver disease, associated with decompensation and associated with the cause. (wikipedia.org)
The Liver Panels will meet your patients' specialized needs by offering a comprehensive genetic test menu for the diagnosis of an expansive range of heritable liver diseases. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
This makes diagnosis difficult and often there are a battery of tests that need to be performed in order to correctly diagnose the underlying cause for the disease. (news-medical.net)
Diagnosis of liver disease is based on initial history and physical examination. (news-medical.net)
Asthma , also called reactive airway disease before a diagnosis of asthma, is a lung disease where the air passageways in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, making it hard to breath. (livescience.com)
In this article we discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as well as approaches to its management. (cmaj.ca)
Receiving a disease diagnosis isn't usually a good thing. (washingtonpost.com)
That growth is fueled in part by consumers who, while not having received a diagnosis of celiac disease, find they don't tolerate gluten well and would just as soon avoid it. (washingtonpost.com)
Early-stage diagnosis may be based, for example, on stages 0 or A of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Staging classification. (nice.org.uk)
Physicians within the Autoimmune and Cholestatic Liver Disease Clinic at BIDMC incorporate all of your clinical history and diagnostic studies to make the most appropriate diagnosis. (bidmc.org)
Treatments for autoimmune liver disease vary depending on the specific diagnosis. (bidmc.org)
When your child faces a new diagnosis or requires expert medical management for early or end-stage liver disease, you need the reassurances of experience, access to the latest technology and an actionable plan. (childrens.com)
The diagnosis of PSC will be based on standard PSC criteria including clinical and biochemical evidence of chronic cholestasis of at least six months duration, positive cholangiographic findings, and compatible liver biopsies if available. (clinicaltrials.gov)

These sites are working together to improve the lives of children and families dealing with rare cholestatic liver diseases. (childrennetwork.org)
This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of bile acids in the pathophysiology of cholestatic liver diseases, presents the rationale for already approved medical therapies and discusses novel pharmacologic therapies under investigation. (medscape.com)
Primary cholestatic liver diseases affecting adults are mainly primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). (medscape.com)
The Cholestatic and Autoimmune Liver Diseases Special Interest Group (SIG) is an international community of investigators and practitioner focusing on preventing diagnosing and treating cholestatic liver diseases, as well as diseases of the biliary tree (choangiopathies). (aasld.org)
The SIG also strongly focuses on understanding the pathophysiology and on the genetics of cholestatic and biliary diseases as a way to identify novel therapeutic targets. (aasld.org)
Intrahepatic cholestatic liver disease. (clevelandclinic.org)
For PBC and other cholestatic liver diseases, treatment is aimed at improving bile flow. (bidmc.org)
Biobank for Cholestatic Liver Diseases. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This study is a biobank of specimens and clinical data for use in current and future research to better understand the cholestatic liver diseases primary biliary cirrhosis/cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). (clinicaltrials.gov)

The fundamental concept underlying the Translational Hepatology Section's research is that human disease can serve as a window into broad biological processes, the understanding of which could, in turn, lead to treatments for these and other diseases. (nih.gov)
Hepatology (study and treatment of liver diseases) is a significant focus within the University of Chicago Medicine's Section of Gastroenterology. (uchospitals.edu)
One in every three citizens in the country is suffering from some sort of liver diseases, according to a survey conducted by the Hepatology Society. (thedailystar.net)
Organised by the Hepatology Society, the conference was a gala get-together and a platform for exchange of views among renowned liver specialists from home and abroad. (thedailystar.net)
Your gift to the Center for Autoimmune Liver Disease (CALD) will support the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
As a major European Association dedicated to the liver and liver disease, EASL promotes research and education through the sharing of research findings in Hepatology. (easl.eu)

While hepatitis B can occur at any time, hemochromatosis is a hereditary disease and usually occurs in middle age. (wikihow.com)
Hereditary diseases that cause damage to the liver include hemochromatosis, involving accumulation of iron in the body, and Wilson's disease. (wikipedia.org)

PBC is a rare disease in which a chronic, immune-mediated injury to the small intrahepatic bile ducts leads to an imbalance between cholangiocyte proliferation and apoptosis, with resulting ductopaenia, fibrosis and eventually biliary cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
GGT (Gamma glutamyl transferase) and Alkaline Phophatase are also enzymes that are released from bile ducts and are raised in liver diseases. (news-medical.net)
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is also an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the small bile ducts of the liver, leading to duct obstruction and bile spilling into the liver tissue. (memorialhermann.org)
The drug, obeticholic acid (OCA), is designed to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, a disease in which bile ducts in the liver become damaged, allowing harmful substances to build up and scar liver tissue. (newsmax.com)

MONDAY, Jan. 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) -- Men who started drinking in their teens are at increased risk for liver disease, Swedish researchers report. (hon.ch)

What are the treatments for fatty liver disease? (medlineplus.gov)
There are no medical or surgical treatments for fatty liver, but some steps may help prevent or reverse some of the damage. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Read about heart disease diagnostic tests, treatments, and heart disease prevention. (medicinenet.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatments include medications aimed at controlling blood sugar and cholesterol. (memorialhermann.org)
The most effective treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease include weight loss and exercise. (baltimoresun.com)
These treatments also improve the conditions associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, such as diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and elevated blood-cholesterol levels. (baltimoresun.com)
Nevens said in a statement that a significant proportion of patients fail to be adequately helped by existing treatments and that new therapies are needed to prevent their disease from progressing to cirrhosis and liver failure. (newsmax.com)
Natural Heart Disease Treatments Offered By Alternative Medicine originally appeared on AgingCare.com . (care2.com)

NASH may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer . (medlineplus.gov)
If other diseases are ruled out, then NASH may be diagnosed. (netdoctor.co.uk)
If you have fatty liver, and in particular if you have NASH, you should always lose weight - safely . (netdoctor.co.uk)
This is 'the first robust detection of early and late stage liver fibrosis and early stage NASH in addition to heterogeneous expression of collagen by multiple imaging techniques,' write the authors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Nov 25 (Reuters) - CymaBay Therapeutics Inc said on Monday it was scrapping two mid-stage studies testing its experimental drug in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and another liver disease after it observed "atypical" findings in one trial, sending shares down 76% in premarket trading. (reuters.com)
The atypical findings in the NASH trial were observed in patients who had shown an improvement in their condition during the trial, or had shown signs of disease stabilization, it added. (reuters.com)
A daily supplements of vitamin E was found to improve the health of the livers of people with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a liver disease, says a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
Mice were fed a diet rich in fat and sugar until they developed NASH-like features in their livers. (newswise.com)
In NASH, the liver becomes inflamed and criss-crossed by fibrous scar tissue, and liver cells start dying. (newswise.com)
Patients with NASH are at risk of liver failure and liver cancer, but there are no drugs on the market that can slow or stop the disease. (newswise.com)
Because the amount of fibrosis in the liver is associated with a greater risk of death from NASH, Xiaobo Wang, PhD, associate research scientist in the Department of Medicine at CUMC working in the lab of Ira Tabas, MD, PhD, looked for ways to stop fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH. (newswise.com)
He found that in liver cells, TAZ, a previously unknown factor in NASH, plays a critical role in initiating fibrosis, and that fibrosis stops in mice with NASH when TAZ is inactivated in liver cells. (newswise.com)
We think that by stopping fibrosis through TAZ and its partners, we may be able to prevent the serious consequences of NASH, including liver failure and liver cancer," said Ira Tabas, Richard J. Stock Professor and vice-chair of research in the Department of Medicine and professor of pathology & cell biology (in physiology and cellular biophysics) at CUMC. (newswise.com)

[ 4 ] Because of risk associations, patients suspected of having alcoholic liver disease should also be tested for hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection. (medscape.com)
In this study, we summarize recent findings on biology of natural killer T cells and their roles in hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, autoimmune liver diseases, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. (springer.com)
The hepatitis B virus either lasts several weeks (acute hepatitis B) or develops into a life-long liver disease (chronic hepatitis B). Less than 5% of adults who are exposed to the hepatitis B virus develop chronic infection, but rates increase if exposed perinatally (prior to or just after birth). (memorialhermann.org)

Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
A group of basic and clinical researchers investigating natural history, pathogenesis, fundamental mechanisms and therapeutic innovation in liver diseases. (nih.gov)
Ancillary Studies to Major Ongoing Clinical Studies to extend our knowledge of the diseases being studied by the parent study investigators under a defined protocol or to study diseases and conditions not within the original scope of the parent study but within the mission of the NIDDK. (nih.gov)
Called the Southampton Traffic Light Test , or STL , it is a combination of various tests and clinical markers which provide a score that indicates how likely it is for a patient to develop fibrosis or cirrhosis of the liver. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The authors stressed that the test is not a substitute for liver function tests or clinical judgment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Pathology of Liver Diseases provides gastroenterologists and pathologists with a multi-media, well-illustrated, and concise guide to the pathology and clinical diagnoses of liver disorders. (wiley.com)
The SIG promotes national and international collaborations and networks and registries to speed up the rate of discoveries and to facilitate clinical trials in an area that includes several rare diseases. (aasld.org)
Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc said on Sunday its experimental liver disease drug was effective in a third late-stage clinical trial and that the results set the stage for the company to file for marketing approval. (newsmax.com)
In my experience of over 20 years of clinical medicine, I have found that approximately one in every three persons has a dysfunctional liver. (bartleby.com)
Prof Martin Lombard, the Department of Health's national clinical director for liver disease warned that the disease was rarely detected until it had caused damage. (telegraph.co.uk)
The group of researchers at the Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre (NDDC) aims to conduct international quality research relating to gastrointestinal and liver disease including clinical trials and population studies and to translate laboratory medicine and surgery into clinical interventions which improve the care and lives of our patients. (nottingham.ac.uk)
While it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human consumption, DeBosch cautions that more research is required before trehalose could be tested in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as part of a clinical trial. (newswise.com)
Liver damage is also a clinical feature of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and glycogen storage disease type II. (wikipedia.org)

Simple fatty liver typically does not get bad enough to cause liver damage or complications. (medlineplus.gov)
It is normal for the liver to contain some fat, but if fat accounts for more than 10 per cent of the liver's weight, then this is known as 'fatty liver' and may lead to more serious complications. (netdoctor.co.uk)
An essential resource for the day-to-day management of patients with liver disease and its complications. (worldcat.org)
But the lack of information from other generations meant the long-term complications for teenagers with the disease remained unknown. (smh.com.au)
Disease presentation ranges from asymptomatic elevated liver enzyme levels to cirrhosis with complications of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. (cmaj.ca)
However, there are also certain liver conditions that may cause complications in pregnancy. (hon.ch)
Complications of PSC include liver, gallbladder and bile duct cancers, as well as biliary infections and cirrhosis . (bidmc.org)
For patients with pain or complications from the cysts, the goal of treatment is to reduce the size of cysts while protecting the functioning liver parenchyma. (wikipedia.org)

Learn about end stage liver disease, non alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver disease treatment, liver disease diet, and polycystic liver disease. (medicinenet.com)
Polycystic liver disease (PLD or PCLD) is a rare condition that causes cysts-fluid-filled sacs-to grow throughout the liver. (emoryhealthcare.org)
Most cysts are single, although some polycystic liver disease patients may have several. (emoryhealthcare.org)
A very small number of patients (0.6 percent of the general population) have polycystic liver disease, which is characterized by the liver appearing like a cluster of very large grapes, rather than the smooth, uniform appearance of a normal liver. (emoryhealthcare.org)
The majority of people with polycystic liver disease inherit the condition. (emoryhealthcare.org)
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue. (wikipedia.org)
The much rarer autosomal-dominant polycystic liver disease will progress without any kidney involvement. (wikipedia.org)
Polycystic liver disease comes in two forms: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (with kidney cysts) and autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (liver cysts only). (wikipedia.org)
Polycystic liver disease can exist either as isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD), part of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). (wikipedia.org)

Intrahepatic cholestasis is a problem that affects the release of bile from the liver and can eventually lead to liver disease. (childrens.com)
Eventually, intrahepatic cholestasis can lead to liver disease. (childrens.com)
In serious cases, when cirrhosis of the liver occurs, it can lead to liver failure and even death. (smh.com.au)
If you develop hepatitis , it is more likely to lead to liver failure. (medicinenet.com)
Newswise - NEW YORK, NY (October 27, 2016)-Scientists at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) have identified a factor in liver cells that is responsible for turning a relatively benign liver condition, present in 30 percent of U.S. adults, into a serious disease that can lead to liver failure. (newswise.com)

The test was accurate in cases of severe liver disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Over the next 39 years, 383 of the men developed cirrhosis and other types of severe liver disease. (hon.ch)
So, what happens is, they continue their lifestyle and, at some point, develop later stage fibrosis, which can become severe cirrhosis, and a large portion become liver cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This phenomenon, known as edema, is a common symptom of advanced cirrhosis and usually indicates severe liver damage. (wikihow.com)
Living well with memory disease Since my father has been diagnosed with severe vascular dementia, trying to fathom the changes he is experiencing in mentation has been so important to me. (tallahassee.com)
Cirrhosis is the severe scarring of the liver seen at the terminal stages of chronic liver disease. (healthline.com)
Liver experts said the port city Chattogram had suffered a severe outbreak of hepatitis E in April and July this year while some other cities are also in danger. (thedailystar.net)
Gallbladder disease is a serious condition over half a million gallbladders are removed annually in the U.S. If you suspect that you are having a gallbladder attack and are in severe gallbladder pain, especially if you also have a fever, consult your doctor immediately or go straight to the emergency room. (care2.com)
This tissue is looked at under a microscope to check for signs of severe liver disease. (familydoctor.org)
In severe cases, the liver gets so badly damaged that it stops working. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis, the liver produces a mutated transthyretin protein which has severe neurodegenerative or cardiopathic effects. (wikipedia.org)

In end-stage liver disease, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity), and leg swelling may occur because of inadequate production of albumin by the liver. (rxlist.com)
Fat accumulation in the liver was unaffected. (newswise.com)

Natural killer T cells are innate-like and tissue-resident lymphocytes, which recognize lipid antigens and are enriched in the liver. (springer.com)
Research in mice and human tissue samples finds that a new method of detecting liver disease in its early stages is accurate, effective, and noninvasive. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This means that after an injury or surgery to remove tissue, the liver tissue can grow back to a certain extent. (healthline.com)
This condition occurs when the body's immune system attacks itself and destroys healthy liver tissue. (healthline.com)
If left untreated, the condition can cause liver scarring and affect liver tissue. (healthline.com)
Cirrhosis is a condition where scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. (healthline.com)
Fibrosis, or the formation of scar tissue in the liver, can be reversed if diagnosed early. (nih.gov)
Description/Definition Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of normal, healthy liver tissue by fibrotic scar tissue, blocking the flow of blood through the organ and preventing it from working as it should, as well as regenerative nodules leading to progressive loss of liver function. (bartleby.com)
When your liver is damaged, scar tissue is formed as it tries to repair itself. (healthline.com)
This study will collect bile and bile duct cells during ERCP procedures, residual liver tissue from liver transplants, blood, stool, and urine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In this procedure, your doctor inserts a needle through your skin and removes a small piece of tissue from your liver. (familydoctor.org)
When you have cirrhosis, scar tissue slows the flow of blood through the liver. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Small tissue samples are taken from the liver with a needle or during surgery. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Because the liver is involved in the metabolism of sex hormones, gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue in men) and impotence may occur. (rxlist.com)

Fatty liver disease - sometimes called steatosis - is the build-up of excess fat in the liver cells. (netdoctor.co.uk)
The majority of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have simple steatosis. (baltimoresun.com)

Portal hypertension Ascites Hypersplenism (with or without splenomegaly) Lower oesophageal varices and rectal varices Synthetic dysfunction Hypoalbuminaemia Coagulopathy Hepatopulmonary syndrome Hepatorenal syndrome Encephalopathy Hepatocellular carcinoma The list of conditions associated with chronic liver disease is extensive and can be categorised in the following way: Viral causes Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and yellow fever viruses cause acute hepatitis. (wikipedia.org)
and (3) study aspects of viral hepatitis that allow insight into disease mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Additional Tables that address in detail the grading and staging of various liver diseases such as viral hepatitis and fatty liver diseases. (wiley.com)
Alcoholic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and cirrhosis all cause reduced appetite among people suffering from these diseases. (wikihow.com)
Our finished enzymes are then purchased under strict specifications by major IVD companies such as Bio-Rad Laboratories who produce the reagents and blood tests for hospitals to aid in the diagnoses if someone has alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, and acute or chronic liver injury. (prweb.com)

The drug developer also said it was putting a hold on all studies of the drug in patients with primary biliary cholangitis, another liver disease. (reuters.com)
Although a number of autoimmune conditions may involve the liver, the three most common autoimmune liver diseases are autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. (bidmc.org)
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) occurs when the biliary ducts within the liver are destroyed by the body's own immune cells, impairing the liver's ability to excrete bile. (bidmc.org)

Liver biopsies which have been performed in such patients show simple biliary status without disruption of the hepatocellular architecture. (hon.ch)
Hepatocellular carcinoma is included within liver cancer in the Office for National Statistics' cancer survival for adults in England . (nice.org.uk)
Service providers (such as hospitals, and specialist liver centres) have recall systems in place to ensure that adults with cirrhosis are offered 6‑monthly surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma. (nice.org.uk)
In addition, activation of neutrophils in alcoholic liver disease contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular damage by releasing reactive oxygen species (which can damage DNA). (wikipedia.org)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can affect both children and adults and can lead to cirrhosis and acute liver failure . (bidmc.org)

In liver cancers the examination may reveal cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)
Like other organs liver can also be afflicted with cancers. (news-medical.net)
Celiacs are also at increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers, among other diseases. (washingtonpost.com)
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in men and has a poor outlook. (bartleby.com)
Many different disease processes can occur in the liver, including infections such as hepatitis , cirrhosis (scarring), cancers, and damage by medications or toxins. (rxlist.com)
Many liver malignancies are secondary lesions that have metastasized from primary cancers in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, such as the kidneys, lungs. (wikipedia.org)
Only one gene, TP53, is mutated in more than 20% of liver cancers while 41 genes each have hypermethylated promoters (repressing gene expression) in more than 20% of liver cancers. (wikipedia.org)

Liver enzymes may be raised in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. (news-medical.net)
In addition, health officials should launch a genetic-screening program to identify Hispanics, especially the young, predisposed to develop fatty liver diseases. (huffingtonpost.com)
The scientific survey revealed that about one crore citizens are suffering from chronic hepatitis and more than four crore people are suffering from fatty liver diseases across the country. (thedailystar.net)

There are three major types of autoimmune liver disease: autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. (memorialhermann.org)
For more information about the Center for Autoimmune liver disease at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, call 513-517-2051 or email us at [email protected] . (cincinnatichildrens.org)

No matter the number or size of cysts, polycystic livers continue to function normally and the disease is not considered life-threatening. (emoryhealthcare.org)

The authors added that the test could be used by GPs (general practitioners, primary care physician) to determine rapidly whether high risk patients have liver damage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Approximately one third of patients who are hospitalized with end-stage liver disease do not survive for more than a few months. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A simple test performed by general practitioners could detect liver damage early on, which would allow doctors to be able to encourage their patients to alter their lifestyles in time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, it can provide primary care doctors with a rapid and accurate way to assess whether patients have liver damage and to what extent. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Until recently the type of liver disease being treated commonly in young adults was seen only in patients in their 50s and 60s. (telegraph.co.uk)
Liver patients tended to need much more expensive treatment than average. (telegraph.co.uk)
The figures obtained by the Liberal Democrats show that in 2003-04, 164,226 "beds days" were used treating patients with alcoholic liver disease, compared with 97,785 in 1996-97. (telegraph.co.uk)
In the first study, Vallier and colleagues generated iPS cells from patients with various inherited diseases of the liver. (eurekalert.org)
These cells were then cultured in a defined way to generate hepatocytes, which were found to recapitulate key features of the diseases affecting the patients from which they were derived. (eurekalert.org)
Researchers studied stool samples from 163 patients with liver disease and their healthy family members. (nih.gov)
Right upper abdominal pain is the most common symptom that does occur among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (baltimoresun.com)
The common denominator that connects so many patients is the way have been misdiagnosed with this disease. (kickstarter.com)
The frustration of delay after delay in waiting for results back from blood tests that are at best unreliable for lyme disease giving rise to the lack of confidence in an inapt procedure further alienating lyme patients from their doctors. (kickstarter.com)
There are several cases reported where patients who have survived acute fatty liver of pregnancy have subsequently had an uneventful pregnancy. (hon.ch)
It usually takes years for liver disease to kill someone, so any fatal rise among younger patients is seen as a red flag. (nypost.com)
The Liver Center at BIDMC brings together an exceptional team of multidisciplinary providers to offer personalized care and the most advanced treatment options to patients with a variety of liver conditions. (bidmc.org)
Patients who do not have PBC or PSC but do have another form of chronic liver disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients without liver disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients with PBC, PSC, controls without liver disease, and with other chronic liver disease without history of PBC or PSC seen or followed at Mayo Clinic will be invited to participate in this study. (clinicaltrials.gov)
They define the use of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive modalities, including non-invasive and invasive procedures, in the management of patients with various liver diseases. (easl.eu)
Patients with PLD often have an enlarged liver which will compress adjacent organs, leading to nausea, respiratory issues, and limited physical ability. (wikipedia.org)

Chronic liver disease" refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months. (wikipedia.org)
The treatment of chronic liver disease depends on the cause. (wikipedia.org)
Many herbal and antioxidant remedies have been advocated for chronic liver disease but the evidence is not conclusive. (wikipedia.org)
In chronic liver disease the impaired protein formation leads to decline in levels of clotting factors and raises the risk of bleeding tendencies and easy bruising. (news-medical.net)
Novel technologies in studying chronic liver disease / Ancha Baranova [and others]. (worldcat.org)
They may be of short duration, acute liver disease, or long term, chronic liver disease. (news-medical.net)
An acute liver disease may also convert into a chronic liver disease over time. (news-medical.net)
Portal hypertension is often a result of liver cirrhosis that results from chronic liver disease. (news-medical.net)
The rates of chronic liver disease deaths have been on the rise in the U.S. According to one study, the annual death toll from cirrhosis increased by 65% between 1999 and 2016. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Alcoholic liver disease is the primary cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S. and can be fatal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE is emerging as the most common chronic liver condition in the Western world. (cmaj.ca)
Chronic liver disease can be caused by a variety of factors. (memorialhermann.org)
In the largest study of its kind, researchers have shown that diabetes can cause chronic liver disease and cancer of the liver, increasing the threat posed by growing incidence of the disease around the world. (nutraingredients.com)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in all developed countries, including the United States, says Dr. Srinevas K. Reddy, assistant professor of surgery at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and a liver surgeon at the University of Maryland Medical Center . (baltimoresun.com)
Traditionally, chronic liver disease was thought of as mostly an adult male disorder owing to the male predominance of hepatitis C and/or alcoholic liver disease. (baltimoresun.com)
This quality standard covers identifying, assessing and managing chronic liver disease in children, young people and adults, and cirrhosis in young people and adults. (nice.org.uk)
We are translating advances in basic research into therapy for chronic hepatitis C and other chronic liver diseases. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Cirrhosis is a long-term (chronic) liver disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Whenever the course of the problem lasts long, chronic liver disease ensues. (wikipedia.org)

One of the other issues is that traditionally people got fatty liver disease as adults and by the time they were getting to liver disease and liver failure they were in their 60s and 70s,' he said. (smh.com.au)
Also, statistics reveal that every one out of 10 adults in the United States is suffering from some kind of liver disease. (buzzle.com)
The Center for Liver Diseases at the University of Chicago offers leading-edge approaches for diagnosing and treating the full range of chronic (long-term) and acute liver diseases in adults. (uchospitals.edu)
Adults with cirrhosis should have a check for liver cancer every 6 months. (nice.org.uk)
PSC can affect both children and adults and is frequently encountered in association with inflammatory bowel disease . (bidmc.org)
Approximately 40 percent of U.S. adults have used some form of alternative therapy, according to figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (care2.com)

Over time, it can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer . (memorialhermann.org)
In the U.S., hepatitis C (HCV) infection is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. (healthline.com)
If left untreated, PBC can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure . (bidmc.org)

People also tend to develop fatty liver if they have certain other conditions, such as diabetes or a high level of fat in their blood known as triglycerides. (netdoctor.co.uk)
However, some people develop fatty liver even if they have none of these conditions. (netdoctor.co.uk)
In previous research, DeBosch and his colleagues, including senior author Kelle H. Moley, MD, the James P. Crane Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, showed that a protein on the surface of liver cells called GLUT8 is required for mice to develop fatty livers in response to a high-fructose diet. (newswise.com)

Tests such as imaging tests and liver function tests can check for liver damage and help to diagnose liver diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
Other benefits include less bone loss and small-joint damage associated with RA and no increase in pain or disease activity. (rheumatology.org)
This means ARLD is frequently diagnosed during tests for other conditions, or at a stage of advanced liver damage. (www.nhs.uk)
This can result in serious and permanent damage to your liver. (www.nhs.uk)
The liver damage associated with mild alcoholic hepatitis is usually reversible if you stop drinking permanently. (www.nhs.uk)
Many people die from the condition each year in the UK, and some people only find out they have liver damage when their condition reaches this stage. (www.nhs.uk)
This reduces the risk of further damage to your liver and gives it the best chance of recovering. (www.nhs.uk)
The liver is prone to damage from a variety of systems within the body, but most cases of liver disease in cats are treatable. (petfinder.com)
However with repeated damage and constant injury the liver may fail to perform its functions leading to liver failure. (news-medical.net)
The hepatitis phase leads to swelling of the liver and damage. (news-medical.net)
AUSTRALIAN teenagers are becoming so overweight they are doing the type of damage to their livers that would normally be seen in older alcoholics, researchers have found. (smh.com.au)
The liver function tests include measuring two main enzymes, Aspartate Aminotransferase called AST (GOT) and Alanine Aminotransferase ALT (SGPT) which when elevated is a strong sign of liver damage or disease. (prweb.com)
Better yet, strict avoidance of gluten over time can reverse damage the disease has already done. (washingtonpost.com)
Some people are inactive carriers and do not need hepatitis B treatment as they are unlikely to develop liver damage despite being infected. (memorialhermann.org)
Autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and other liver damage. (healthline.com)
Long-term, repeated scarring can lead to cirrhosis and permanent liver damage. (nih.gov)
Liver Dysfunction This is different to liver disease in that the liver has not yet sustained permanent or sufficient damage to cause gross impairment of its vital functions. (bartleby.com)
Iron build up can cause sluggishness and tiredness, but if left untreated, can contribute to arthritis and cause damage to the liver and to the heart. (independent.ie)
Will I have any liver damage? (familydoctor.org)
The damage to your liver builds up over time. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In many cases, you may be able to delay or stop any more liver damage. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A range of illnesses can affect and damage the liver - explore them here. (easl.eu)

NIEHS grantees and collaborators developed a rapid, low-cost tool to accurately diagnose liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. (nih.gov)

However, the effects of the different chemokines and their receptors vary during pathogenesis of different liver diseases. (nih.gov)
We review the roles of different chemokines in the pathogenesis of liver diseases and their potential use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. (nih.gov)

Carbohydrates and fats disorders can result in insulin resistance in the liver. (hindawi.com)
Consumption of 5-10 grams of Omega 3 fats per day is also good for dealing with liver diseases. (buzzle.com)
Food items that are high in fats, sodium, sugar, and cholesterol should be extremely avoided as these food items end up adding a lot of strain to the unhealthy liver. (buzzle.com)
Ultimately, the body stores fructose in the liver as fats called triglycerides. (newswise.com)
In the absence of sufficient choline, even healthy saturated fats can contribute to fatty liver. (mercola.com)

CT scan - Computed Axial Tomographical image or scan can be used to look at deeper tissues within the liver in detail to diagnose several liver disease conditions. (news-medical.net)
Do not use this information to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease without consulting a qualified healthcare professional. (hon.ch)
Despite being a slow advancing condition, doctors often diagnose liver disease in its latest stages. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers may have to combine results from several brain imaging techniques, as well as look at genetic factors, to diagnose CTE in living people, Small said. (yahoo.com)
This column incorrectly said that Vanessa Maltin had an endoscopy to diagnose her celiac disease. (washingtonpost.com)

Pathology of Liver Diseases is a rapid reference consultation tool that uses both book and online material to present a whole range of liver disorders. (wiley.com)
Urologists also treat the male reproductive organs, while gynecologists often treat urinary diseases or disorders in females, including yeast infections. (livescience.com)
Hence, fatty liver disease may also be related to inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis and gallstone related disorders. (baltimoresun.com)
We were interested in investigating trehalose because it has been studied in models of neurodegenerative disorders such as prion disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Lou Gehrig's disease. (newswise.com)
Analogous terms such as "drug-induced" or "toxic" liver disease are also used to refer to disorders caused by various drugs. (wikipedia.org)

The Swedish researchers said some countries recommend no more than three drinks a day for men to avoid alcoholic liver disease. (hon.ch)
The researchers discovered a condition called fatty liver disease, which is normally found in older people who are overweight or obese, heavy drinkers, or have chronic conditions such as hepatitis, in about 13 per cent of the 17-year-olds they tested. (smh.com.au)
Between 1999 and 2010, heart disease and stroke contributed to more than 2 million years of life lost among black people, the researchers said. (medicinenet.com)
This imaging technique was previously developed by the researchers to study Alzheimer's disease. (yahoo.com)
High consumption of coffee could hold the key to reducing the risk of advanced fibrosis in those with fatty liver disease, say researchers. (nutraingredients.com)
A new study on sea buckthorn has found that the extract may ward off liver disease, leading researchers to conclude that it could be incorporated into a nutraceutical food or supplement targeting the condition. (nutraingredients.com)
Find out about the exciting discoveries being made by NIEHS and NIEHS-supported researchers that are helping to improve health and save lives. (nih.gov)
Deaths from liver disease are spiking at an "alarming" rate in the United States as too many young binge drinkers put their health on the rocks, researchers said Wednesday. (nypost.com)
The spike in liver-disease deaths hit whites, Native Americans and Hispanics - though Asian-Americans actually bucked this trend, researchers said. (nypost.com)

Learn more about these partnerships and how you too can join us in our mission to save lives, celebrate lives, and lead the fight for a world without cancer. (cancer.org)
of other liver conditions, including fatty liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis, as well as the risk of certain types of cancer, including head and neck cancer (e.g., oral cancer, pharyngeal cancer), esophageal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. (britannica.com)
During the same period, the yearly number of liver cancer deaths doubled. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The number of people with the disease is so huge that if even a fraction get liver cancer it is going to be huge,' he said. (smh.com.au)
The most common lung related conditions I see are reactive airways or asthma, as well as smoking-related emphysema, in my general practice," Dr. Jack Jacoub, a medical oncologist and director of thoracic oncology at Memorial Care Cancer Institute at Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center in Fountain Valley, California, told Live Science. (livescience.com)
Excess fat in the liver can lead to the development of Type 2 diabetes, a chronic disease, and over time to liver failure, cancer and death. (huffingtonpost.com)
It has also been appreciated that the finding of a mother who is a carrier for hepatitis places her foetus at risk in later life of developing both chronic hepatitis and cancer of the liver . (hon.ch)
Unfortunately, the majority of people of chronically dehydrated-a reflection of our fast-paced lives, and a contributing factor to the growing epidemics of cancer, diabetes, heart disease and other inflammatory conditions. (beliefnet.com)
It does not cover treatment for liver cancer. (nice.org.uk)
This will ensure that they can be offered treatment as early as possible if liver cancer develops. (nice.org.uk)

While this study indicates that iPS cells can be used to model diseases of the liver, Willenbring and colleagues showed that iPS cell-derived hepatocytes have both the functional and proliferative capabilities needed for liver regeneration in mice. (eurekalert.org)
It is never too late as the liver has remarkable powers of healing and regeneration. (bartleby.com)
The idea of reversing disease and bringing regeneration and vitality to life isn t really considered in the traditional medical model. (care2.com)

The Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN) is a collaborative team of doctors, scientists, nurses, research coordinators, medical facilities, patient support organizations and the National Institutes of Health. (childrennetwork.org)
Doctors recommend weight loss for nonalcoholic fatty liver. (medlineplus.gov)
The doctors will continue to watch you for signs of recurrent disease, as well as for short-term and long-term side effects of treatment. (cancer.org)
Shares of Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc (NASDAQ: ICPT) lost around one quarter of their value Thursday and another 7 percent early Friday morning in reaction to a concerning U.S. Food and Drug Administration letter sent to doctors regarding its liver treatment product called Ocaliva for the. (benzinga.com)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration sent a letter to doctors highlighting potential negative side effects from Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc (NASDAQ: ICPT)'s liver disease medicine called Ocaliva. (benzinga.com)
Doctors report increasing numbers of people in their 20s and 30s with liver disease, including young women, as the effects of heavy drinking from their teenage years take their toll. (telegraph.co.uk)
This documentary is looking for answers from people who are suffering from this debilitating disease, from doctors who treat lyme disease, from health officials who's responsibility is to protect the health of its people, from wildlife professional who have given their scientific evidence, from national parks and the lack of awareness campaigns and county councils who worry about the impact on tourism. (kickstarter.com)
He said: "He was only seven and having his appendix out when doctors said they had found fatty liver disease. (telegraph.co.uk)

The samples are checked under a microscope to find out the type of liver disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Your liver is your body's largest solid organ. (healthline.com)
Compared to the rest of the body, the liver has a significant amount of blood flowing through it - an estimated 13 percent of the body's blood is in the liver at any given time. (healthline.com)

In primary care, minor abnormalities of existing liver tests are quite common but we struggle to know how best to investigate these further and who warrants specialist intervention. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Primary biliary cirrhosis is a serious autoimmune disease of the bile capillaries. (wikipedia.org)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the bile duct, which is believed to be autoimmune in origin. (wikipedia.org)

The development of alcoholic liver disease seems to depend on the quantity and duration of ethanol intake, ethnicity, and genetic predisposition. (medscape.com)
The Heritable Liver Disease Genetic Testing program at Cincinnati Children's originated with the development of the revolutionary JaundiceChip resequencing array. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
As with all autoimmune diseases, it's believed that celiac occurs when a person who has a genetic predisposition encounters some environmental trigger that moves the faulty immune response into action. (washingtonpost.com)
In spite of genetic and environmental factors, she believes that through lifestyle changes which enhance health, lupus and other autoimmune related diseases are highly manageable. (prweb.com)
A local councillor has spoken out about his struggles living with haemochromatosis to help raise awareness of the genetic disease and encourage others to go get regular health check-ups. (independent.ie)

Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. (medlineplus.gov)
The liver is the largest organ in the body and mainly regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. (hindawi.com)
With the exception of the brain, the liver is the most complex organ in the body. (www.nhs.uk)
The liver also makes bile and stores it in a small pouch like organ called the gall bladder. (news-medical.net)
Bile is not released properly, so it builds up in the liver and damages the organ. (childrens.com)
The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
HealthDay News) -- Fatty liver disease occurs when fat deposits build up in the liver , the organ that filters blood coming from the digestive tract. (medicinenet.com)
The liver is not only the largest organ but the largest gland in the human body which plays an important role by filtering and processing blood as it circulates through the body. (prweb.com)
The liver is the second largest organ in the body. (nidirect.gov.uk)
The liver is a half-moon shaped organ that's fairly straight on the bottom. (healthline.com)
The liver is truly an amazing organ in that it has the capacity to regenerate. (healthline.com)
The liver is a very important organ in the human body as it does not just perform one function but is involved in multiple tasks. (bartleby.com)
Government estimates say around 500,000 children below the age of 15 are suffering from "non alcoholic liver disease" which is caused by a build-up of fat within liver cells, which stops the organ functioning properly. (telegraph.co.uk)
The liver is an essential organ that has many functions in the body, including making proteins and blood clotting factors, manufacturing triglycerides and cholesterol , glycogen synthesis, and bile production. (rxlist.com)
The liver is a large organ that sits on the right hand side of the belly. (rxlist.com)
Carbohydrates are also produced in the liver and the organ is responsible for turning glucose into glycogen that can be stored both in the liver and in the muscle cells. (rxlist.com)
Is the liver a gland or an organ? (rxlist.com)
The liver is the largest internal organ of the body and is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and is protected by the lower right ribs. (rxlist.com)

Blood levels of bilirubin rise in liver disease. (news-medical.net)
After confirming the presence of cysts in the liver, laboratory tests may be ordered to check for liver function including bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and prothrombin time. (wikipedia.org)

Cysts also can grow independently in different parts of the liver. (emoryhealthcare.org)

[ 19 ] Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases mortality and hospitalization rates in those with alcoholic liver disease. (medscape.com)
If there is too much intake over a long period of time the liver fails to perform its functions leading to a condition called Alcoholic Liver disease. (news-medical.net)
Excessive drinking has caused cases of alcoholic liver disease to nearly double in less than 10 years, at a cost to the health service in England of more than £71 million in a year, Government figures show. (telegraph.co.uk)
Alcoholic liver disease is a huge drain on NHS resources. (telegraph.co.uk)
What's to know about alcoholic liver disease? (medicalnewstoday.com)
To date, no consistent evidence attests to the significance of any one factor in the susceptibility to developing alcoholic liver disease. (nih.gov)

Anatomy20

Organisms10

Diseases81

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment46

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science7

Named Groups2

Health Care25

Geographicals2

Structural and functional changes in acute liver injury. (1/4731)

Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures. (2/4731)

Quantitative aspects in the assessment of liver injury. (3/4731)

Assessment of hepatotoxic potential. (4/4731)

Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (5/4731)

Study of an epidemic of venoocclusive disease in India. (6/4731)

Risk of major liver resection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a reappraisal. (7/4731)

Predicting bone loss following orthotopic liver transplantation. (8/4731)

Liver Diseases

Liver Diseases, Alcoholic

Liver Cirrhosis

Fatty Liver

Liver

Liver Transplantation

Liver Neoplasms

End Stage Liver Disease

Liver Function Tests

Hepatitis

Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic

Liver Regeneration

Microsomes, Liver

Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Hepatitis, Alcoholic

Alanine Transaminase

Liver Failure

Hepatitis, Chronic

Mitochondria, Liver

Hepatocytes

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Liver Failure, Acute

Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary

Liver Circulation

Fatty Liver, Alcoholic

Cholestasis

Hepatitis C, Chronic

Chronic Disease

Liver Extracts

Hepatitis, Autoimmune

Hepatitis, Viral, Human

Liver Neoplasms, Experimental

Hepatectomy

Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental

Hepatitis C

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatitis B

Bilirubin

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic

Aspartate Aminotransferases

Liver Abscess

Bile Ducts

alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

Hepacivirus

Liver, Artificial

Cholangitis, Sclerosing

Kupffer Cells

Hypertension, Portal

gamma-Glutamyltransferase

Ascites

Severity of Illness Index

Waiting Lists

Time Factors

Retrospective Studies

Biopsy

Carbon Tetrachloride

Hepatitis B, Chronic

Ethanol

Treatment Outcome

Risk Factors

Hepatic Stellate Cells

Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Chronic

Hepatomegaly

Biological Markers

Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatic Veins

Hepatic Insufficiency

Hepatitis, Animal

Cysts

Tissue and Organ Procurement

Disease Models, Animal

Liver Glycogen

Portal Vein

Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic

Disease Progression

Living Donors

Lipid Metabolism

RNA, Messenger

Biliary Tract Diseases