Lithium
Antimanic Agents
Bipolar Disorder
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Valproic Acid
Inositol
An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.
Polyuria
Antidepressive Agents
Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.
Tranquilizing Agents
A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior. Included here are the ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS (minor tranquilizers), ANTIMANIC AGENTS, and the ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS (major tranquilizers). These drugs act by different mechanisms and are used for different therapeutic purposes.
Antipsychotic Agents
Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
Sodium
Electric Power Supplies
Carbamazepine
Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic
A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and HYPOKALEMIA. This condition is due to renal tubular insensitivity to VASOPRESSIN and failure to reduce urine volume. It may be the result of mutations of genes encoding VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS or AQUAPORIN-2; KIDNEY DISEASES; adverse drug effects; or complications from PREGNANCY.
Glycogen Synthase Kinases
A class of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally found as one of the three types of kinases that phosphorylate GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE. Glycogen synthase kinases along with CA(2+)-CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES and CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES regulate glycogen synthase activity.
Urinary lithium: distribution shape, reference values, and evaluation of exposure by inductively coupled plasma argon-emission spectrometry. (1/1952)
Inductively coupled plasma argon-emission spectrometry (ICPAES) was used to evaluate the lithium content of undiluted urine samples. The method can be performed with 1 mL of urine in a single tube using a routine ICPAES analysis for rapid and convenient assessment of lithium exposure in humans. Urine samples obtained from male workers (n = 86) who had not been exposed to lithium were used for the determination of this element by ICPAES. The obtained concentrations were corrected using a specific gravity of 1.024. The particular frequency distribution resulted in a log-normal distribution diagram for anatomical spread. Geometric mean value for urinary lithium in the nonexposed male workers was 23.5 microg/L, and the confidence interval from a log-normal distribution was 11.0 to 50.5 microg/L. Taking into consideration a short biological half-life and the massive urine excretion of lithium, urinary lithium was considered to be a useful index for monitoring of exposure. Calibration curves obtained for lithium standards had good sensitivity and linearity. Good reproducibility was assessed by lithium addition to urine samples. It was concluded that the obtained lithium reference values would be useful for the early diagnosis of lithium intoxication or in the assessment of the degree of exposure to lithium in subjects at risk. (+info)The social and economic effects of manic depressive illness and of its treatment in lithium clinics. (2/1952)
Advising about the employment of those who have had manic depressive episodes requires Occupational Health Physicians to obtain, with consent, an objective account of previous episodes and to appreciate the enormous range of manic and depressive manifestations. Familiarity is needed with the likely effects of treatment of episodes and the benefits and problems of prophylaxis--not just in general but in individual cases, for example, where driving is required. This article summarizes research into the effects of lithium preparations on the course of the illness, thyroid and renal function and the risk of suicide. The author found that changing from treatment of episodes to continuous prophylaxis benefited employment and personal relationships without causing body weight problems. Many patients do well in life if supported by an experienced professional team, with 61% requiring no further admissions once on lithium, and with an 86% reduction in admissions achieved in our local clinic. (+info)Allosteric regulation of even-skipped repression activity by phosphorylation. (3/1952)
The Drosophila homeodomain protein Even-skipped (Eve) is a well characterized transcriptional repressor. Here, we show that Eve's ability to function in vitro is negatively regulated by phosphorylation. DNA-binding activity was unaffected by phosphorylation, but phosphorylated Eve was unable to interact with the TATA-binding protein (TBP), a known target for repression. Unexpectedly, phosphorylation of the Eve N terminus, which is dispensable for repression and TBP binding, was necessary and sufficient to inactivate Eve. LiCl, which specifically inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), reduced Eve phosphorylation in nuclear extract and blocked inhibition of repression. In addition, Eve was phosphorylated and inactivated by purified GSK-3 beta plus casein kinase II. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of transcriptional control involving phosphorylation-induced allosteric interference with a repressive protein-protein interaction. (+info)Regulation of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes. A kinetic study of the allosteric interactions. (4/1952)
The allosteric properties of AMP deaminase [EC 3.5.4.6] from chicken erythrocytes have been qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for by the concerted transition theory of Monod et al., on the assumption that this enzyme has different numbers of binding sites for each ligand. Theoretical curves yield a satisfactory fit for all experimental saturation functions with respect to activation by alkali metals and inhibition by Pi, assuming that the numbers of binding sites for AMP, alkali metals, and Pi are 4, 2, and 4, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by concentrations of ATP and GTP below 0.1 and 0.25 mM, respectively, whereas activation of the enzyme was observed at ATP and GTP concentrations above 0.4 and 1.5 mM, respectively. These unusual kinetics with respect to ATP and GTP could be also accounted for by assuming 2 inhibitory and 4 activating sites for each ligand. (+info)Correlation between hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during status epilepticus induced by lithium and pilocarpine in immature and adult rats. (5/1952)
The correlation between seizure-induced hypermetabolism and subsequent neuronal damage was studied in 10-day-old (P10), 21-day-old (P21), and adult rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE). Local CMRglc (LCMRglc) values were measured by the [14C]2-deoxyglucose method for a duration of 45 minutes starting at 60 minutes after the onset of SE, and neuronal damage was assessed by cresyl violet staining at 6 days after SE. In P21 and adult rats, LCMRglc values were increased by 275 to 875% in all thalamic, cortical, forebrain, and hypothalamic regions plus the substantia nigra. In addition, at P21 there were also large increases in LCMRglc in brainstem regions. In P10 rats, metabolic increases were mostly located in cortical and forebrain regions plus the substantia nigra but did not affect hypothalamic, thalamic, or brainstem areas. In adult rats, there was an anatomical correlation between hypermetabolism and neuronal damage. At P21, although hypermetabolism occurred in regions with damage, the extent of damage varied considerably with the animals and ranged from an almost negligible to a very extended degree. Finally, in P10 rats, although quite pronounced hypermetabolism occurred, there was no neuronal damage induced by the seizures. Thus, in the present model of epilepsy, the correlation between marked hypermetabolism and neuronal damage can be shown in adult rats. Conversely, immature rats can sustain major metabolic activations that lead either to a variable extent of damage, as seen at P21, or no damage, as recorded at P10. (+info)Sodium reabsorption and distribution of Na+/K+-ATPase during postischemic injury to the renal allograft. (6/1952)
BACKGROUND: A loss of proximal tubule cell polarity is thought to activate tubuloglomerular feedback, thereby contributing to glomerular filtration rate depression in postischemic acute renal failure (ARF). METHODS: We used immunomicroscopy to evaluate the segmental distribution of Na+/K+-ATPase in tubules of recipients of cadaveric renal allografts. Fractional excretion (FE) of sodium and lithium was determined simultaneously. Observations were made on two occasions: one to three hours after graft reperfusion (day 0) and again on post-transplant day 7. An inulin clearance below or above 25 ml/min on day 7 was used to divide subjects into groups with sustained (N = 15) or recovering (N = 16) ARF, respectively. RESULTS: In sustained ARF, the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) was 40 +/- 6% and 11 +/- 5%, and the fractional excretion of lithium (FELi) was 76 +/- 5% and 70 +/- 2% on days 0 and 7, respectively. Corresponding findings in recovering ARF were 28 +/- 2% and 6 +/- 2% for the FENa and 77 +/- 4% and 55 +/- 3% (P < 0.05 vs. sustained) for FELi. Na+/K+-ATPase distribution in both groups was mainly basolateral in distal straight and convoluted tubule segments and collecting ducts. However, Na+/K+-ATPase was poorly retained in the basolateral membrane of proximal convoluted and straight tubule segments in sustained and recovering ARF on both days 0 and 7. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that loss of proximal tubule cell polarity for Na+/K+-ATPase distribution is associated with enhanced delivery of filtered Na+ to the macula densa for seven days after allograft reperfusion. Whether an ensuing activation of tubuloglomerular feedback is an important cause of glomerular filtration rate depression in this form of ARF remains to be determined. (+info)Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the Ca2+-induced decline of transmitter release at K+-depolarized motor neuron terminals. (7/1952)
The present study tested whether a Ca2+-induced disruption of mitochondrial function was responsible for the decline in miniature endplate current (MEPC) frequency that occurs with nerve-muscle preparations maintained in a 35 mM potassium propionate (35 mM KP) solution containing elevated calcium. When the 35 mM KP contained control Ca2+ (1 mM), the MEPC frequency increased and remained elevated for many hours, and the mitochondria within twitch motor neuron terminals were similar in appearance to those in unstimulated terminals. All nerve terminals accumulated FM1-43 when the dye was present for the final 6 min of a 300-min exposure to 35 mM KP with control Ca2+. In contrast, when Ca2+ was increased to 3.6 mM in the 35 mM KP solution, the MEPC frequency initially reached frequencies >350 s-1 but then gradually fell approaching frequencies <50 s-1. A progressive swelling and eventual distortion of mitochondria within the twitch motor neuron terminals occurred during prolonged exposure to 35 mM KP with elevated Ca2+. After approximately 300 min in 35 mM KP with elevated Ca2+, only 58% of the twitch terminals accumulated FM1-43. The decline in MEPC frequency in 35 mM KP with elevated Ca2+ was less when 15 mM glucose was present or when preparations were pretreated with 10 microM oligomycin and then bathed in the 35 mM KP with glucose. When glucose was present, with or without oligomycin pretreatment, a greater percentage of twitch terminals accumulated FM1-43. However, the mitochondria in these preparations were still greatly swollen and distorted. We propose that prolonged depolarization of twitch motor neuron terminals by 35 mM KP with elevated Ca2+ produced a Ca2+-induced decrease in mitochondrial ATP production. Under these conditions, the cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio was decreased thereby compromising both transmitter release and refilling of recycled synaptic vesicles. The addition of glucose stimulated glycolysis which contributed to the maintenance of required ATP levels. (+info)Long term lithium treatment suppresses p53 and Bax expression but increases Bcl-2 expression. A prominent role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. (8/1952)
This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of lithium against glutamate excitotoxicity with a focus on the role of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. Long term, but not acute, treatment of cultured cerebellar granule cells with LiCl induces a concentration-dependent decrease in mRNA and protein levels of proapoptotic p53 and Bax; conversely, mRNA and protein levels of cytoprotective Bcl-2 are remarkably increased. The ratios of Bcl-2/Bax protein levels increase by approximately 5-fold after lithium treatment for 5-7 days. Exposure of cerebellar granule cells to glutamate induces a rapid increase in p53 and Bax mRNA and protein levels with no apparent effect on Bcl-2 expression. Pretreatment with LiCl for 7 days prevents glutamate-induced increase in p53 and Bax expression and maintains Bcl-2 in an elevated state. Glutamate exposure also triggers the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Lithium pretreatment blocks glutamate-induced cytochrome c release and cleavage of lamin B1, a nuclear substrate for caspase-3. These results strongly suggest that lithium-induced Bcl-2 up-regulation and p53 and Bax down-regulation play a prominent role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. Our results further suggest that lithium, in addition to its use in the treatment of bipolar depressive illness, may have an expanded use in the intervention of neurodegeneration. (+info) Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. It is a chronic condition that affects an individual's ability to function in daily life. Bipolar disorder symptoms can range from extreme highs (mania or hypomania) to extreme lows (depression).
Bipolar Disorder Types:
There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:
1. Bipolar I Disorder: One or more manic episodes with or without depressive episodes.
2. Bipolar II Disorder: At least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode (a less severe form of mania).
3. Cyclothymic Disorder: Periods of hypomania and depression that last at least 2 years.
4. Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorders: Symptoms that do not meet the criteria for any of the above types.
5. Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: Symptoms that do not meet the criteria for any of the above types, but there is still a noticeable impact on daily life.
Bipolar Disorder Causes:
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Some potential causes include:
1. Genetics: Individuals with a family history of bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the condition.
2. Brain structure and function: Imbalances in neurotransmitters and abnormalities in brain structure have been found in individuals with bipolar disorder.
3. Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in hormones such as serotonin, dopamine, and cortisol have been linked to bipolar disorder.
4. Life events: Traumatic events or significant changes in life circumstances can trigger episodes of mania or depression.
5. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, can increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder.
Bipolar Disorder Symptoms:
The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary depending on the individual and the specific type of episode they are experiencing. Some common symptoms include:
1. Manic episodes: Increased energy, reduced need for sleep, impulsivity, and grandiosity.
2. Depressive episodes: Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.
3. Mixed episodes: A combination of manic and depressive symptoms.
4. Hypomanic episodes: Less severe than full-blown mania, but still disrupt daily life.
5. Rapid cycling: Experiencing four or more episodes within a year.
6. Melancholic features: Feeling sad, hopeless, and worthless.
7. Atypical features: Experiencing mania without elevated mood or grandiosity.
8. Mood instability: Rapid changes in mood throughout the day.
9. Anxiety symptoms: Restlessness, feeling on edge, and difficulty concentrating.
10. Sleep disturbances: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or oversleeping.
11. Substance abuse: Using drugs or alcohol to cope with symptoms.
12. Suicidal thoughts or behaviors: Having thoughts of harming oneself or taking actions that could lead to death.
It's important to note that not everyone with bipolar disorder will experience all of these symptoms, and some people may experience additional symptoms not listed here. Additionally, the severity and frequency of symptoms can vary widely between individuals.
Polyuria refers to a condition where there is an excessive production or excessive passage of urine. It is a common symptom of various medical conditions, including diabetes, kidney disease, and certain endocrine disorders.
In diabetes, polyuria is caused by high levels of glucose in the blood that cannot be properly absorbed by the body. The excess glucose spills into the urine, drawing water with it and increasing the volume of urine. This can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if left untreated.
In kidney disease, polyuria can be caused by damage to the kidneys that impairs their ability to concentrate urine. As a result, the body produces more urine than usual to compensate for the lack of concentrating ability.
Polyuria can also be a symptom of certain endocrine disorders such as diabetes insipidus, where the body produces too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin, which leads to an excessive amount of urine production.
To diagnose polyuria, a healthcare provider may perform a physical examination, take a medical history, and conduct diagnostic tests such as urinalysis, blood glucose testing, and imaging studies. Treatment for polyuria depends on the underlying cause and may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, dialysis.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare disorder that affects the body's ability to regulate fluid levels. It is different from diabetes mellitus, which is a disorder that affects blood sugar levels. In NDI, the kidneys are unable to respond properly to the hormone vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH), leading to excessive thirst and urination.
The exact cause of NDI is not always known, but it can be due to various factors such as genetic mutations, injury to the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus (parts of the brain that regulate hormone production), certain medications, and kidney disease. The symptoms of NDI can vary in severity and may include:
Excessive thirst and drinking (polydipsia)
Frequent urination (polyuria)
Increased urine output at night (nocturia)
Dry mouth and skin
Fatigue and weakness
To diagnose NDI, a healthcare provider will typically perform a physical exam, take a medical history, and use laboratory tests to assess the levels of vasopressin and other hormones in the body. Treatment for NDI may include medications to reduce urine production, such as desmopressin (DDAVP), and addressing any underlying causes. In some cases, a kidney transplant may be necessary. With proper treatment, people with NDI can lead active lives, but they must be careful to manage their fluid intake and output to avoid dehydration or overhydration.
Lithium
... chloride and lithium bromide are hygroscopic and are used as desiccants for gas streams. Lithium hydroxide and lithium ... nucleus Isotopes of lithium List of countries by lithium production Lithia water Lithium-air battery Lithium burning Lithium ... lithium metal batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. These uses consume more than three-quarters of lithium production. Lithium ... lithium rapidly tarnishes to form a black coating of lithium hydroxide (LiOH and LiOH·H2O), lithium nitride (Li3N) and lithium ...
Lithium triborate
... (LiB3O5) or LBO is a non-linear optics crystal. It has a wide transparency range, moderately high nonlinear ... Lithium triborate was discovered and developed by Chen Chuangtian and others of the Fujian Institute of Research on the ... LBO crystal applications at www.eksmaoptics.com LBO Crystal (Lithium Triborate) at www.redoptronics.com (Articles without InChI ... C Lithium triborate (LBO) crystals are applicable in various nonlinear optical applications: Frequency doubling (SHG) and ...
Lithium cycle
Continental rocks containing lithium are dissolved, transferring lithium to rivers or secondary minerals. Dissolved lithium in ... The remainder of lithium inputs come from hydrothermal venting at mid-ocean ridges, where lithium is released from the mantle. ... The lithium cycle (Li) is the biogeochemical cycle of lithium through the lithosphere and hydrosphere. In the diagram above, ... Lithium is widely distributed in the lithosphere and mantle as a trace element in silicate minerals. Lithium concentrations are ...
Ganfeng Lithium
... Co., Ltd. is a company that produces lithium, lithium products, other metals, and batteries in mainland China ... "lithium supermarket", Ganfeng sells a wide variety of lithium and related products, including lithium salts, other metals, and ... Tianqi Lithium "贛鋒鋰業股份有限公司業務資料". Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2022-05-04. "China's lithium champion ... As of 2019, it is the largest pure lithium producer in the world. As of 2022, it is also the largest lithium salt producer in ...
Lithium selenide
... is an inorganic compound that formed by selenium and lithium. It is a selenide with a chemical formula Li2Se. ... Lithium selenide has the same crystal form as other selenides, which is cubic, belonging to the anti-fluorite structure, the ... CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8493-8671-8, S. 336 ([2], p. 336, at Google Books). Lithium selenide at AlfaAesar, accessed on ... Lithium compounds, Selenides, Fluorite crystal structure, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...
Lithium hexafluorogermanate
... and as a lithium salt additive in a lithium-ion battery electrolyte. "Lithium Hexafluorogermanate Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). ... Lithium hexafluorogermanate can be dissolved in a solution of Hydrogen fluoride, which forms a precipitate of lithium fluoride ... Lithium hexafluorogermanate is the inorganic compound with the formula Li2GeF6. It forms a solid off-white deliquescent powder ... CN application 103326066, Gong Weihua, "Lithium-ion battery electrolyte", published 2013-09-25, assigned to Suzhou Nuoxin ...
Lithium oxide
... forming lithium hydroxide Li 2O + H 2O → 2LiOH Lithium monoxide anion Lithium peroxide Lithium cobalt oxide Lithium-oxide ... Lithium metal might be obtained from lithium oxide by electrolysis, releasing oxygen as by-product. Lithium oxide absorbs ... Lithium oxide forms along with small amounts of lithium peroxide when lithium metal is burned in the air at and combines with ... Lithium oxide is used as a flux in ceramic glazes; and creates blues with copper and pinks with cobalt. Lithium oxide reacts ...
Lithium hexafluorophosphate
Jow, T. Richard; Borodin, Oleg; Ue, Makoto; Xu, Kang (2014). Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries. Springer: New ... In lithium-ion batteries, LiPF6 reacts with Li2CO3, which may be catalysed by small amounts of HF: LiPF6 + Li2CO3 → POF3 + CO2 ... Lithium hexafluorophosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiPF6. It is a white crystalline powder. LiPF6 is ... Specifically, solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate in carbonate blends of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl ...
Lithium triethylborohydride
LiBHEt3 is a stronger reducing agent than lithium borohydride and lithium aluminium hydride. LiBHEt3 is prepared by the ... Lithium triethylborohydride is the organoboron compound with the formula LiEt3BH. Commonly referred to as LiTEBH or ... "Lithium triethylhydroborate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 December 2021. Zaidlewicz, M.; Brown, H.C. (2001). " ... α,β-Enones undergo 1,4-addition to give lithium enolates. Disulfides reduce to thiols (via thiolates). LiBHEt3 deprotonates ...
Lithium polonide
... may be produced from a redox reaction between aqueous hydrogen polonide and lithium metal or from an acid-base ... H2 It may also be produced by heating lithium and polonium together at 300-400 °C. Like sodium polonide, lithium polonide has ... Lithium polonide is a chemical compound with the formula Li2Po. It is a polonide, a set of very chemically stable compounds of ... reaction of H2Po with strong lithium-containing bases: H2Po + 2 Li → Li2Po + ...
Lithium naphthalene
... crystallizes with ligands bound to Li+. The compound is prepared by stirring the metallic lithium with ... The reaction of naphthalene with lithium can be accelerated by sonication. Methods for assaying lithium naphthalene have been ... Lithium naphthalene is an organic salt with the chemical formula Li+C 10H− 8. In the research laboratory, it is used as a ... Several solvates of lithium naphthalene have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The effects are subtle, the outer ...
Lithium nitrite
... is the lithium salt of nitrous acid, with formula LiNO2. This compound is hygroscopic and very soluble in water ... The following table lists a few of the physical and chemical properties of lithium nitrite: Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) will ... Lithium nitrite can also be prepared by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as shown below: 4NO + ... 2H2O Lithium nitrite crystals can be obtained most efficiently by reacting lithium sulfate and barium nitrite in an aqueous ...
Lithium platinate
... , Li2PtO3, is a chemical compound of lithium, platinum and oxygen. It is a semiconductor with a layered ... 600 °C. Lithium platinate is a potential lithium-ion battery electrode material, though this application is hindered by the ... doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00214-5. Yoshio, Masaki; Brodd, Ralph J.; Kozawa, Akiya (17 July 2010). Lithium-Ion Batteries: ... "Single crystal growth from separated educts and its application to lithium transition-metal oxides". Scientific Reports. 6: ...
Lithium disilicate
... (Li2Si2O5) is a chemical compound that is a glass ceramic. It is widely used as a dental ceramic due to its ... Lithium disilicate has a biaxial flexible strength in the range of 360 MPa to 400 MPa; in comparison, for metal ceramics this ... Lithium disilicate is also used as a non-conductive seal, enamel or feed-through insulator in nickel superalloys or stainless ... Lithium disilicate has found applications in dentistry as a dental ceramic material for dental restorations such as crowns, ...
Lithium iodide
... , or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in color, due to the ... Lithium battery Patnaik, Pradyot (2002) Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-049439-8 "Lithium iodide" (PDF ... "WebElements - Lithium Iodide". Retrieved 2005-09-16. "Composition of Lithium Iodide - NIST". Retrieved 2006-02-03. (Chemical ... ISBN 0-19-855370-6. Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia ...
Lithium (label)
Lithium was a French indie rock label, founded by Vincent Chauvier in the early 1990s. It ceased to exist in 2004. Dominique A ... "Le label Lithium - Tout pour la musique". http://www.lesinrocks.com. 8 October 1997. Retrieved 10 February 2012. {{cite web}}: ... Françoiz Breut Diabologum Mendelson [fr] Beauvallet, JD (August 10, 1997). "Le label Lithium - Tout pour la musique". Les ...
Lithium nitrate
... is an inorganic compound with the formula LiNO3. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid (an alkali metal nitrate ... Lithium nitrate can be synthesized by reacting nitric acid and lithium carbonate. Li2CO3 + 2 HNO3 → 2 LiNO3 + H2O + CO2 ... It is made by treating lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide with nitric acid. This deliquescent colourless salt is an ... McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8.[page needed] Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium ...
Lithium cyanide
... , 0.5M Solution in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Fisher Scientific, 16 June 1999 "Lithium cyanide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm. ... Lithium cyanide can be used as a reagent for organic compound cyanation. RX + LiCN → RCN + LiX J. A. Lely, J. M. Bijvoet (1942 ... Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. It is a toxic, white colored, hygroscopic, water- ... LiCN arises from the interaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide. A laboratory-scale preparation uses acetone ...
Lithium tetramethylpiperidide
Lithium diisopropylamide Lithium amide amide primer H. J. Reich 2002 M.F. Lappert; M.J. Slade; A. Singh; J.L. Atwood; R.D. ... Lithium tetramethylpiperidide (often abbreviated LiTMP or LTMP) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula LiC9H18N. It ... Like many lithium reagents it has a tendency to aggregate, forming a tetramer in the solid state. ... Lithium compounds, Non-nucleophilic bases, Organolithium compounds, Reagents for organic chemistry). ...
Lithium tetrachloroaluminate
... lithium iodide, lithium chlorate, lithium nitrate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorosilicate (i.e. lithium and ... Other salts used in lithium battery electrolytes are lithium bromide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and ... Lithium tetrachloroaluminate (LAC, lithium aluminium chloride) is an inorganic compound, a tetrachloroaluminate of lithium, ... Solution of lithium tetrachloroaluminate in thionyl chloride is the liquid cathode and electrolyte of some lithium batteries, e ...
Lithium hydroxide
It is preferred over lithium carbonate as a precursor for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides. A popular lithium grease ... The preferred feedstock is hard-rock spodumene, where the lithium content is expressed as % lithium oxide. Lithium hydroxide is ... Lithium hydroxide is mainly consumed in the production of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries such as lithium cobalt ... "London Metal Exchange: Lithium prices". London metal exchange. Retrieved 4 December 2020. "LITHIUM AT THE LME". LME The London ...
Lithium burning
... is a nucleosynthetic process in which lithium is depleted in a star. Lithium is generally present in brown ... Cosmological lithium problem Dilithium Halo nucleus Isotopes of lithium Lithium Basri, Gibor (1998). Rafael Rebolo; Eduardo L. ... rapidly deplete their lithium. Burning of the most abundant isotope of lithium, lithium-7, occurs by a collision of 7Li and a ... The use of lithium to distinguish candidate brown dwarfs from low-mass stars is commonly referred to as the lithium test. ...
Lithium oxalate
... is an inorganic compound, a salt of lithium metal and oxalic acid with the chemical formula C 2Li 2O 4. Lithium ... One of the methods of synthesis is the reaction of direct neutralization of oxalic acid with lithium hydroxide: 2 L i O H + H 2 ... "di-Lithium oxalate". Merck Millipore. Retrieved 15 June 2021. Beagley, B.; Small, R. W. H. (1964-06-10). "The structure of ... "Lithium Oxalate". Millipore-Sigma. Retrieved 10 Feb 2022. Koch, Ernst-Christian (2009). Is it possible to Obtain a Deep Red ...
Lithium tritelluride
... is an intercalary compound of lithium and tellurium with empirical formula LiTe 3. It is one of three ... Lithium tritelluride can be synthesized by heating a mixture of the appropriate stoichiometry. It is unstable below 304 °C; if ... Structurally, lithium tritelluride is composed of graphene-like planes of tellurium, arranged in parallel with atoms aligned to ... See also Cunningham, P. T.; Johnson, S. A.; Cairns, E. J. (March 1973). "Phase Equilibria in Chalcogen Systems III: Lithium- ...
Lithium metasilicate
... is an ionic compound with the formula Li2SiO3 Lithium metasilicate is prepared by the reaction of lithium ... carbonate and silicon dioxide at temperatures between 515 and 565 °C. The melting of lithium metasilicate is used for the ...
Lithium tetrafluoroborate
... is an inorganic compound with the formula LiBF4. It is a white crystalline powder. It has been ... As an electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries, LiBF4 offers some advantages relative to the more common LiPF6. It exhibits greater ... "Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries."Chemical Reviews 2004, volume 104, pp. 4303-418. doi: ... Lithium salts, Electrolytes, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs, Electrochemistry stubs). ...
Lithium orotate
While lithium orotate is capable of providing lithium to the body,[citation needed] like lithium carbonate and other lithium ... Lithium (medication) Lithium carbonate Lithium citrate Lithium aspartate Bach I, Kumberger O, Schmidbaur H (1990). "Orotate ... In 1973, Hans Nieper reported that lithium orotate contained 3.83 mg of elemental lithium per 100 mg and lithium carbonate ... 1 lithium carbonate, two‐thirds of the 2 h serum lithium concentration was present 24 h after lithium orotate. Furthermore, the ...
Lithium Triangle
The Lithium Triangle (Spanish: Triángulo del Litio) is a region of the Andes rich in lithium reserves around the borders of ... The Indian Navy has shown interest in the Lithium Triangle as lithium will be required on Li-ION batteries that are planned to ... Look up lithium triangle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lithium production Anlauf, Axel (2016). "Greening the imperial ... Indian Defence News, The Indian Hawk (15 December 2020). "India to tap 'Lithium Triangle' for Lithium-ION batteries onboard ...
Lithium aluminate
... (LiAlO 2), also called lithium aluminium oxide, is an inorganic chemical compound, an aluminate of lithium. ... According to him lithium aluminate may also be precipitated by the addition of a solution of lithium hydroxide to a solution of ... The lithium aluminate was precipitated by the addition of a solution of lithium hydroxide to a solution of aluminum salts, or ... Lithium aluminate powder preparation was based on the solid-state reactions between Al 2O 3 and lithium-containing compounds ...
Lithium fluoride
LiF is prepared from lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with hydrogen fluoride. Lithium fluoride is reacted with hydrogen ... "Lithium fluoride - Product Specification Sheet". Sigma-Aldrich. Merck KGaA. Retrieved 1 Sep 2019. "Lithium fluoride". Toxnet. ... Lithium fluoride (highly enriched in the common isotope lithium-7) forms the basic constituent of the preferred fluoride salt ... Lithium fluoride is widely used in PLED and OLED as a coupling layer to enhance electron injection. The thickness of the LiF ...
Lithium: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Lithium: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... It may take 1 to 3 weeks or longer for you to feel the full benefit of lithium. Continue to take lithium even if you feel well ... Before taking lithium,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to lithium or any other medications. ... If you become pregnant while taking lithium, call your doctor. Lithium may harm the fetus. ...
Flowing lithium atoms form accidental transistor | New Scientist
When closed, the ultracold lithium gas built up and lost its superfluid properties - but when the channel was opened again, the ... By strategically placing laser beams between a source of gaseous lithium atoms cooled to just 500 nano-degrees above absolute ... lithium rapidly recovered superfluid, resistance-free flow. This atomic "current" resembled the switchable electric current in ...
Lithium, serum
Serum lithium levels above 3.0 mmol/L may produce a complex clinical picture, involving multiple organs and organ systems. ... Lithium carbonate is indicated in the treatment of manic episodes of manic-depressive illness. Maintenance therapy prevents or ... Adverse reactions may be encountered at serum lithium levels below 1.5 mmol/L. Mild to moderate adverse reactions may occur at ... Preclinical studies have shown that lithium alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells and effects a shift toward ...
CDC - Mining Project - Lithium-Ion Battery Hazards - NIOSH
However, lithium-ion batteries are made from flammable materials and have the potential to introduce fire and explosion hazards ... Mining Project: Methods to Mitigate Fire and Explosion Hazards of Lithium-ion Batteries. Keywords: Batteries Explosions Fires ... Rayyan N, Brown C, Dubaniewicz T H [2023]. Thermal runaway of LTO and NCA lithium-ion batteries in a sealed enclosure ... Tang W, Yuan L, Thomas R, Soles J [2023]. Comparison of fire suppression techniques on lithium-ion battery pack fires. SME ...
USGS Circular 1371: Lithium Use in Batteries
Chile also has lithium mineral reserves, as does Australia. Another source of lithium is from recycled batteries. When lithium- ... Lithium Use in Batteries. By Thomas G. Goonan. Abstract. Lithium has a number of uses but one of the most valuable is as a ... It would take 1.4 to 3.0 kilograms of lithium equivalent (7.5 to 16.0 kilograms of lithium carbonate) to support a 40-mile trip ... This could create a large demand for lithium. Estimates of future lithium demand vary, based on numerous variables. Some of ...
DailyMed - LITHIUM solution
too much lithium in your blood (lithium toxicity). Lithium toxicity that can cause death may happen even if the lithium level ... colorless lithium oral solution USP contains 8 mEq lithium ion (Li +) (equivalent to the amount of lithium in 300 mg of lithium ... which is equivalent to the amount of lithium in 300 mg of lithium carbonate. See Table 2 for lithium carbonate and lithium oral ... 5.1 Lithium Toxicity 5.2 Lithium-Induced Polyuria 5.3 Hyponatremia 5.4 Lithium-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease 5.5 ...
Lithium-Ion Battery Pack with Fault
- MATLAB & Simulink
Spatio-temporal isolator in lithium niobate o | EurekAlert!
Spatio-temporal isolator in lithium niobate on insulator. Compuscript Ltd. DOI. 10.29026/oes.2023.220022. Keywords. * /Physical ... Lithium niobate, owing to its broad spectral transparency, high power handling capabilities, and strong nonlinear as well as ... The relatively recent emergence of thin-film lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI), as a direct analogue of silicon on insulator ... Spatio-temporal isolator in lithium niobate on insulator. Opto-Electron Sci 2, 220022 (2023). doi: 10.29026/oes.2023.220022 ...
Lithium Carbonate Interview - 678 Words | Bartleby
Lithium Carbonate is a mood stabilizer. D.B. has been taking Lithium Carbonate for about 5 years. Lithium Carbonate is also ... Lithium Carbonate is not typically prescribed to many people. Lithium, being a dangerous drug can result in a risk of potential ... Medication Paper : Using Lithium Essay. Kimberlys Experience with Lithium Kimberly has been taking 1200 mg a day. Kimberly is ... Lithium Essay. 228600228600Uses and Benefits of Lithium Decreases forcefulness, viciousness and self-devastation. The ...
Lithium Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com
Advice and warnings for the use of Lithium during pregnancy. FDA Pregnancy Category D - Positive evidence of risk ... Lithium is also known as: Eskalith, Eskalith-CR, Lithium Carbonate ER, Lithobid, Lithonate, Lithotabs ... Eskalith (lithium)." SmithKline Beecham (2002):. *"Product Information. Lithobid (lithium)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals (2002): ... Eskalith (lithium)." SmithKline Beecham (2002):. *"Product Information. Lithobid (lithium)." Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals (2002): ...
DailyMed - LITHIUM CARBONATE capsule
Lithium Toxicity The likelihood of toxicity increases with increasing serum lithium levels. Serum lithium levels greater than ... LITHIUM CARBONATE (UNII: 2BMD2GNA4V) (LITHIUM CATION - UNII:8H8Z5UER66) LITHIUM CARBONATE. 150 mg. ... LITHIUM CARBONATE (UNII: 2BMD2GNA4V) (LITHIUM CATION - UNII:8H8Z5UER66) LITHIUM CARBONATE. 300 mg. ... Lithium acts as an antimanic.. Lithium Carbonate is a white, light, alkaline powder with molecular formula Li2CO3 and molecular ...
lithium-sulphur
Tagged batteries, battery, car, electric, electric car, electric cars, Li-S, lithium, Lithium ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium- ... Such a battery can theoretically power an electric car three times further than current lithium-ion batteries for the same ... At the heart of this discovery lies a breakthrough in lithium-sulfur batteries due to an ultra-thin nanomaterial. ... discovery of a material that maintains a rechargeable sulfur cathode helps to overcome a primary hurdle to building a lithium- ...
Lithium: The Gift That Keeps on Giving in Psychiatry
These "high" amounts of lithium are equivalent to about 1 mg/d of elemental lithium or somewhat more. Conversely, other studies ... reviewed the scientific literature on lithiums neuroprotective effects. Extensive animal studies have shown that lithium keeps ... Cite this: Lithium: The Gift That Keeps on Giving in Psychiatry - Medscape - Jun 16, 2017. ... Leonardo Tondo, MD, a prominent researcher on lithium and affective illness, who is on the faculty of McLean Hospital/Harvard ...
Galaxy's trash becomes treasure on lithium revival
Strong demand from customers is allowing the miner to lower the grade of its lithium exports and maybe sell its waste rock. ... After a lithium bear market between 2018 and mid 2020 depressed the share prices of Australian lithium miners, the past year ... Galaxy was expected to sell a spodumene concentrate with 6 per cent lithium this year, but the company said strong demand had ... Galaxy said on Wednesday that it had 1.3 million tonnes of unprocessed tailings, or wastes, with a lithium content of 1 per ...
Lithium Bromide | Albemarle
Lithium in Australia
Australia is the worlds largest producer of lithium, with output of 61kt in 2022, up by 10% on 2021. ... According to GlobalData, Australia is the worlds largest producer of lithium, with output of 61kt in 2022, up by 10% on 2021. ... GlobalData uses proprietary data and analytics to provide a complete picture of this market in its Global Lithium Mining to ... Premium Insights Lithium Mining Market by Reserves and Production, Assets and Projects, Demand Drivers, Key Players and ...
GM To Make Lithium-ion Powered Hybrid Cars | Tom's Hardware
Contaminant Identification Refines Recycling for Lithium-Ion Batteries | News | NREL
"As an example, we relithiate and upcycle aged cathode materials for use in future batteries, but lithium battery designs are ... Researcher Kae Fink leads direct recycling technology development for lithium-ion batteries at NREL. Photo by Dennis Schroeder ... As the primary choice for high-powered personal electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale storage solutions, lithium-ion ( ... Contaminant Identification Refines Recycling for Lithium-Ion Batteries. New Approach Aims To Improve Purity of Recycled Battery ...
Lithium: Watchlist 2016 Elite, LiNC 2016...Total(ly) communities | ZDNET
Lithium won CRM Watchlist Elite this year and pulled off its most successful LiNC conference to date -- in large part because ... Lithium: Watchlist 2016 Elite, LiNC 2016...Total(ly) communities Lithium won CRM Watchlist Elite this year and pulled off its ... Lithium: The cream rises to the top. What got Lithium the "Elite" designation this year wasnt its products/services - which ... Details available upon request (by Lithium).. Sports Entertainment Media - One thing about Lithium that makes it so good is ...
Browse subject: Lithium -- Metallurgy | The Online Books Page
Filed under: Lithium*. Spodumene : major source of lithium. (U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1958), by James S. Browning (page images at ... Filed under: Lithium -- Metallurgy*. Recovery of Lithium From Clay by Selective Chlorination. (report of investigations 8523; ... Solubility of lithium hydroxide in water and vapor pressure of solutions of lithium hydroxide above 220 F. (Battelle Memorial ... Lithium and lithium hydride : chemical and physical properties : a literature search. (Oak Ridge, Tennessee : U.S. Atomic ...
Lithium Archives - San Francisco Bay View
Lithium: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Lithium: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... It may take 1 to 3 weeks or longer for you to feel the full benefit of lithium. Continue to take lithium even if you feel well ... Before taking lithium,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to lithium or any other medications. ... If you become pregnant while taking lithium, call your doctor. Lithium may harm the fetus. ...
Energizer 2025 Lithium Coin Battery 2-Pack - Yahoo Shopping
These reliable and durable Energizer Coin Lithium Batteries are able to withstand a wide range of temperatures (from -22º to ... This Energizer 2025 Lithium Coin 3-Volt Battery delivers big time on long-lasting, dependable power for your coin-battery- ... its easy to see why Energizer Lithium Coin Batteries are the right choice for your specialty devices. ... Dont let their small size fool you: This Energizer 2025 Lithium Coin 3-Volt Battery delivers big time on long-lasting, ...
Teile Workman GTX Lithium Utility Vehicle | Toro
Albemarle | Lithium | Contact Us | Albemarle
Have questions in regards to Albemarle and Lithium? Feel free to contact us any time! ... Interested in learning more about Albemarles Lithium operations? Fill out the form below to contact us and a representative ... Quote Requested For: Lithium Diisopropylamide, typ. 28 % solution in Heptane / THF / Ethylbenzene (typ. 2.1 M). ...
Lithium Metal Cell thumbnail | Hackaday
Close call: Lithium-ion battery explodes in Adams County fire investigator's face
An Adams County firefighter had a close call after a Lithium-ion battery exploded in his face. Its an event thats becoming ... Close call: Lithium-ion battery explodes in Adams County fire investigators face. Duration: 04:21 1/28/2023. ... Close call: Lithium-ion battery explodes in Adams County fire investigators face. KMGH Denver, CO ... An Adams County firefighter had a close call after a Lithium-ion battery exploded in his face. Its an event thats becoming ...
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: lithium
Lithium toxicity Lithium is a prescription medicine used to treat bipolar disorder . This article focuses on lithium overdose, ... Lithium Lithium is used to treat and prevent episodes of mania (frenzied, abnormally excited mood) in people with ... ... decrease how well the body gets rid of lithium. This could increase how much lithium is in the body and result in serious ... ... decrease how well the body gets rid of lithium. This could increase how much lithium is in the body and result in serious ... ...
PolitiFact | Instagram post misleads about lithium mining and Tesla cars
Instagram post misleads about lithium mining and Tesla cars If Your Time is short *Tesla obtains the lithium used in its car ... The hard-rock mine that supplies some of the lithium Tesla uses said its ore naturally contains up to about 2.1% lithium, ... The Instagram post doesnt include any information about how lithium is sourced or how much lithium is needed in a Tesla ... Half of the lithium used in the world comes not from mining, but from extraction through geothermal brines. Saltwater is ...
Risk of lithium toxicity2023ToxicitySerum lithiumCarbonate PricesBipolar disorderShown that lithiumBenefit of lithiumHydroxideDisilicateGlobal lithiumBatteries2022MineralsConcentrationsWorld'sEskalithAlkali-metalMetals2018PolyuriaChronic2020AntimanicAcuteCathodeSouth AmericaAffectiveAdverse effectsMolecular formulaMedicallyMineralSodiumElectrolyteArgentinaCapsuleElementalDemandTreatmentManiaFetusTherapeuticCorpExtractionEquivalentBattery packSymptomsMechanismRapidlyRatsWidelyOccurRecommendationsSchizophreniaAmountsResistance
Risk of lithium toxicity3
- Increases risk of lithium toxicity. (nih.gov)
- Some experts recommend bottle feeding due to the risk of lithium toxicity. (drugs.com)
- Lithium should generally not be given to patients with significant renal or cardiovascular disease, severe debilitation or dehydration, or sodium depletion, and to patients receiving diuretics, since the risk of lithium toxicity is very high in such patients. (nih.gov)
20231
- The Global Lithium market was valued at USD 4650 Million in 2021 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.5% during the forecast period of 2023-2028. (openpr.com)
Toxicity11
- Lithium toxicity is closely related to serum lithium concentrations, and can occur at doses close to therapeutic concentrations. (nih.gov)
- Monitor for lithium toxicity and metabolic acidosis. (nih.gov)
- Dehydration from protracted sweating, diarrhea, or elevated temperatures from infection increases risk of hyponatremia and lithium toxicity. (nih.gov)
- Monitor for and treat hyponatremia and lithium toxicity, which may necessitate a temporary reduction or cessation of lithium and infusion of serum sodium ( 5.3 ). (nih.gov)
- Newborns exposed throughout pregnancy may have signs/symptoms of lithium toxicity, but they were usually self-limiting and resolved within 1 to 2 weeks. (drugs.com)
- After birth, the newborn should be monitored for signs/symptoms of lithium toxicity, including thyroid function. (drugs.com)
- Breastfeeding should be discontinued if breastfed infants develop lithium toxicity. (drugs.com)
- What is lithium toxicity? (drugs.com)
- Such patients should be carefully managed to avoid dehydration with resulting lithium retention and toxicity. (nih.gov)
- Lithium levels are generally monitored because of the narrow therapeutic window between toxicity and effectiveness aiming for levels between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L in chronic situations (higher in acute). (nih.gov)
- The major serious adverse event is severe lithium toxicity with can include polyuria, hyponatremia, renal disease and encephalopathy. (nih.gov)
Serum lithium7
- Facilities for prompt and accurate serum lithium determinations should be available before initiating therapy ( 2.3 , 5.1 ). (nih.gov)
- Obtain serum lithium concentration assay after 3 days, drawn 12 hours after the last oral dose and regularly until patient is stabilized. (nih.gov)
- Acute Manic or Mixed Episodes (patients 7 years and older): Titrate to serum lithium concentrations 0.8 to 1.2 mEq/L ( 2.2 ). (nih.gov)
- Maintenance Treatment for Bipolar I Disorder (patients 7 years and older): Titrate to serum lithium concentrations 0.8 to 1 mEq/L ( 2.2 ). (nih.gov)
- If used during pregnancy, serum lithium levels should be closely monitored and prenatal diagnosis of malformations should be conducted. (drugs.com)
- If breastfeeding is continued, monitoring of infant serum lithium, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels, and thyroid function are recommended. (drugs.com)
- If the psychiatric indication is life-threatening, and if such a patient fails to respond to other measures, lithium treatment may be undertaken with extreme caution, including daily serum lithium determinations and adjustment to the usually low doses ordinarily tolerated by these individuals. (nih.gov)
Carbonate Prices1
- Technical and battery-grade lithium carbonate prices increased by more than 20% in the first two weeks of September and are now up 188.9% and 215% respectively in the Chinese domestic market this year. (greencarcongress.com)
Bipolar disorder6
- Lithium has been used as a first- or second-line treatment of bipolar disorder, which is a significant mental health problem in children. (nih.gov)
- Lithium is an effective and safe treatment of acute mania in children with bipolar disorder as well as the long-term management of the disorder. (nih.gov)
- Lithium Carbonate Capsule USP is indicated in the treatment of manic episodes of Bipolar Disorder. (nih.gov)
- Lithium Carbonate Capsule USP is also indicated as a maintenance treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder. (nih.gov)
- Lithium treatment for bipolar disorder. (who.int)
- Lithium is one of the most widely used mood-stabilizing agents for the treatment of bipolar disorder. (nih.gov)
Shown that lithium2
- Preclinical studies have shown that lithium alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells and effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamines, but the specific biochemical mechanism of lithium action in mania is unknown. (nih.gov)
- Extensive animal studies have shown that lithium keeps neurons alive longer. (medscape.com)
Benefit of lithium2
- Some human studies also suggest a benefit of lithium in prevention or amelioration of dementia, consistent with its neurobiological benefits. (medscape.com)
- It may take 1 to 3 weeks or longer for you to feel the full benefit of lithium. (medlineplus.gov)
Hydroxide8
- Rockwell Automation, Inc. (NYSE: ROK), the world's largest company dedicated to industrial automation and digital transformation, is working with Cornish Lithium Plc on a demonstration plant to validate the sustainable production of lithium hydroxide from micaceous granite. (rockwellautomation.com)
- Cornish Lithium has licensed an acid-leaching, selective precipitation, and crystallization process developed to create lithium hydroxide from micaceous granite. (rockwellautomation.com)
- The validity of the process has already been tested at a small pilot plant in Australia and proven that it can produce lithium hydroxide monohydrate salt. (rockwellautomation.com)
- This will be a complete conceptual end-to-end process from the raw material to lithium hydroxide, using all the same equipment employed in a full-scale facility with just one or two changes for scale reasons. (rockwellautomation.com)
- The second is the chemical plant, with a hydrometallurgical acid leaching system that produces lithium sulfate, which is converted into lithium hydroxide. (rockwellautomation.com)
- Lithium hydroxide and carbonate price rises accelerated to new levels in the first half of September. (greencarcongress.com)
- Carbonate price increases are once again outpacing lithium hydroxide, last seen in Q1 2021, and could soon race ahead, Benchmark said. (greencarcongress.com)
- China EXW lithium hydroxide prices rose 14.2% in the first half of September, up 162.7% year-to-date. (greencarcongress.com)
Disilicate5
- Clinical survival of chair-side generated monolithic lithium disilicate crowns:10-year results. (bvsalud.org)
- The objective of this prospective clinical trial was the evaluation of chair-side generated monolithic lithium disilicate crowns after 10 years. (bvsalud.org)
- Forty-one posterior full contour crowns made of lithium disilicate ceramics were inserted with a self - adhesive resin cement in 34 patients (20 university /14 private practice ) using a chair-side CAD/CAM technique . (bvsalud.org)
- Due to the small amount of technical complications and failures, the clinical performance of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns was completely satisfying. (bvsalud.org)
- CLINICAL RELEVANCE The insertion of chair-side fabricated monolithic lithium disilicate crowns can be recommended for long-term use in the posterior region. (bvsalud.org)
Global lithium3
- GlobalData uses proprietary data and analytics to provide a complete picture of this market in its Global Lithium Mining to 2030 report. (mining-technology.com)
- The global lithium market has been growing rapidly in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and energy storage systems. (openpr.com)
- The global lithium market is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, with demand for lithium-ion batteries projected to increase significantly due to the transition to electric vehicles and the growth of renewable energy sources. (openpr.com)
Batteries19
- However, lithium-ion batteries are made from flammable materials and have the potential to introduce fire and explosion hazards. (cdc.gov)
- For gassy mine applications, the mining industry has unresolved questions about the potential for pressurized explosions within explosion-proof enclosures containing lithium-ion batteries. (cdc.gov)
- Thermal runaway of LTO and NCA lithium-ion batteries in a sealed enclosure containing methane. (cdc.gov)
- Lithium has a number of uses but one of the most valuable is as a component of high energy-density rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. (usgs.gov)
- Because of concerns over carbon dioxide footprint and increasing hydrocarbon fuel cost (reduced supply), lithium may become even more important in large batteries for powering all-electric and hybrid vehicles. (usgs.gov)
- Another source of lithium is from recycled batteries. (usgs.gov)
- When lithium-ion batteries begin to power vehicles, it is expected that battery recycling rates will increase because vehicle battery recycling systems can be used to produce new lithium-ion batteries. (usgs.gov)
- At the heart of this discovery lies a breakthrough in lithium-sulfur batteries due to an ultra-thin nanomaterial. (electrochem.org)
- Such a battery can theoretically power an electric car three times further than current lithium-ion batteries for the same weight - at much lower cost. (electrochem.org)
- Seven teams from across the United States are advancing to Phase III of the competition, which contributes to DOE's goal to capture 90% of all spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) for eventual recycling of critical materials and reintroduction into the supply chain. (nrel.gov)
- Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more prevalent, from cell phones and laptops to increasing numbers of electric vehicles on the road," said Lauren Lynch, prize administrator. (nrel.gov)
- Lithium is a soft, silver-white metal that is widely used in the production of batteries, ceramics, glass, lubricants, and other products. (openpr.com)
- The market for lithium-ion batteries is likely to grow significantly over the forecast period as a result of the electrification of cars. (openpr.com)
- To hit net zero targets by 2050, it is estimated that more than 2 billion electric vehicles are needed worldwide, and these vehicles require lithium for their batteries. (rockwellautomation.com)
- Elastomeric electrolytes for high-energy solid-state lithium batteries. (bvsalud.org)
- The use of lithium metal anodes in solid- state batteries has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lithium -ion batteries1,2. (bvsalud.org)
- Solid- state electrolytes are a key enabling technology for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries as they suppress the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites . (bvsalud.org)
- However, the mechanical properties and electrochemical performance of current solid- state electrolytes do not meet the requirements for practical applications of lithium metal batteries . (bvsalud.org)
- The elastomeric electrolyte system presents a powerful strategy for enabling stable operation of high-energy, solid- state lithium batteries . (bvsalud.org)
20221
- According to GlobalData, Australia is the world's largest producer of lithium, with output of 61kt in 2022, up by 10% on 2021. (mining-technology.com)
Minerals1
- Rockwell Automation will play quite a crucial role in what we are doing,' said David Moseley, process manager, hard rock minerals, at Cornish Lithium. (rockwellautomation.com)
Concentrations2
- Lithium (lith' ee um) is the lightest elemental metal and is normally found in low concentrations in human tissue. (nih.gov)
- Here, we report that both lithium as well as valproic acid (VPA) inhibit β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) production in HEK293 cells stably transfected with Swedish amyloid precursor protein (APP)751 and in the brains of the PDAPP (APPV717F) Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model at clinically relevant plasma concentrations. (nih.gov)
World's1
- Throughout August and early September, the price rally for lithium chemicals and feedstock has been re-ignited on incredibly strong downstream demand, especially within the Chinese domestic market, which acts as a bellwether for the rest of the world's lithium market. (greencarcongress.com)
Eskalith2
Alkali-metal2
- Lithium is an element of the alkali-metal group with atomic number 3, atomic weight 6.94, and an emission line at 671 nm on the flame photometer. (nih.gov)
- Lithium is a simple alkali metal, the salt of which acts as a mood stabilizing agent which has been extensively used for the treatment of mania for more than 50 years. (nih.gov)
Metals1
- The Company has secured agreements with the owners of mineral rights over a large area of the County and is using modern technology to re-evaluate the region for its potential to produce lithium and other vital technology metals in a low carbon and low impact manner. (rockwellautomation.com)
20183
- As a result of the following pediatric research, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) updated the lithium label in 2018. (nih.gov)
- After a lithium bear market between 2018 and mid 2020 depressed the share prices of Australian lithium miners, the past year has seen strong recoveries. (afr.com)
- Lithium price rises accelerated in the first half of September as surging demand and raw material supply concerns combined to push Chinese domestic prices up to their highest levels since mid-2018 according to data from Benchmark's Lithium Price Assessment. (greencarcongress.com)
Polyuria2
Chronic2
20202
- The change in strategy comes after Galaxy boss Simon Hay told The Australian Financial Review that Western Australia's Mt Cattlin mine would not be a cash drain in 2021 , as it had been in 2019 and 2020 when weak demand and strong supply crushed lithium prices. (afr.com)
- On December 17, 2020, the Department of Energy announced seven winners of the Phase II Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Prize. (nrel.gov)
Antimanic2
- Lithium acts as an antimanic. (nih.gov)
- Lithium is in a class of medications called antimanic agents. (medlineplus.gov)
Acute3
- Othman Mohammad, MD, also from the Harvard South Shore program, examined lithium use in children and adolescents, and reviewed a number of randomized trials that showed evidence for efficacy and short-term safety with lithium in acute manic episodes, especially in adolescents. (medscape.com)
- Lithium has been associated with rare instances of mild serum aminotransferase elevations, but has not been convincingly linked to clinically apparent acute liver injury. (nih.gov)
- Lithium has not been associated with instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury with jaundice. (nih.gov)
Cathode4
- Their discovery of a material that maintains a rechargeable sulfur cathode helps to overcome a primary hurdle to building a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. (electrochem.org)
- The underlying chemistry of the cable-type battery is the same as the lithium-ion battery in your smartphone or laptop -- there's an anode, a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode, an electrolyte -- but instead of being laminated together in layers, they're twisted into a hollow, flexible, spring-like helix. (extremetech.com)
- Next, aluminium wire is wrapped around the spring, and then the whole caboodle is dragged through a slurry of lithium cobalt oxide, which coats the aluminium wire and becomes the cathode. (extremetech.com)
- Moreover, the elastomer electrolytes enable stable operation of the full cells under constrained conditions of a limited lithium source, a thin electrolyte and a high-loading LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.11O2 cathode at a high voltage of 4.5 volts at ambient temperature , delivering a high specific energy exceeding 410 watt-hours per kilogram of electrode plus electrolyte . (bvsalud.org)
South America2
- The largest producers of lithium are currently located in South America, particularly in the "Lithium Triangle" that encompasses Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. (openpr.com)
- We have successfully worked in lithium projects around the world, including Australia, Africa, and South America. (rockwellautomation.com)
Affective3
- Leonardo Tondo, MD, a prominent researcher on lithium and affective illness, who is on the faculty of McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School and the University of Cagliari, Italy, reviewed studies on lithium's effects for suicide prevention. (medscape.com)
- It is relevant, though, that lithium has been causally associated with lower suicide rates in randomized clinical trials of affective illness, compared with placebo, at standard doses (around 600-1200 mg/d of lithium carbonate). (medscape.com)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Cognitive functions in patients of primary affective disorder on prophylactic lithium treatment. (who.int)
Adverse effects2
- There have been reports of lithium having adverse effects on nidations in rats, embryo viability in mice, and metabolism in-vitro of rat testis and human spermatozoa have been attributed to lithium, as have teratogenicity in submammalian species and cleft palates in mice. (nih.gov)
- Instances of more marked elevations in serum aminotransferases have been reported in patients taking overdoses of lithium, but the other metabolic and systemic effects of lithium overdose generally overshadow hepatic adverse effects. (nih.gov)
Molecular formula1
- Lithium Carbonate is a white, light, alkaline powder with molecular formula Li 2 CO 3 and molecular weight 73.89. (nih.gov)
Medically1
- Lithium salts are highly water soluble and have been used medically for many years. (nih.gov)
Mineral4
- In 2009, 13 percent of worldwide lithium reserves, expressed in terms of contained lithium, were reported to be within hard rock mineral deposits, and 87 percent, within brine deposits. (usgs.gov)
- Chile also has lithium mineral reserves, as does Australia. (usgs.gov)
- Like most mineral and energy commodities, price penalties apply for concentrate with lower lithium content, but Galaxy said demand was sufficiently strong at the moment to reduce the impact of those penalties. (afr.com)
- one is a mineral concentration plant where raw ore is crushed, milled, and separated to create lithium-enriched mica concentrate. (rockwellautomation.com)
Sodium1
- The mechanism of action of lithium is unknown, but is thought to be mediated by its replacement of sodium ions and disruption of membrane potentials in the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
Electrolyte1
- The in situ-formed elastomer electrolyte on copper foils accommodates volume changes for prolonged lithium plating and stripping processes with a Coulombic efficiency of 100.0 per cent. (bvsalud.org)
Argentina1
- Most of the lithium recovered from brine came from Chile, with smaller amounts from China, Argentina, and the United States. (usgs.gov)
Capsule2
- Each capsule for oral administration contains 150 mg, 300 mg or 600 mg of Lithium Carbonate USP. (nih.gov)
- Lithium comes as a tablet, capsule, extended-release (long-acting) tablet, and solution (liquid) to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Elemental2
- These "high" amounts of lithium are equivalent to about 1 mg/d of elemental lithium or somewhat more. (medscape.com)
- Conversely, other studies did not find such an association, but tended to look at areas where lithium levels are not high (ie, about 0.5 mg/d of elemental lithium or less). (medscape.com)
Demand7
- This could create a large demand for lithium. (usgs.gov)
- Estimates of future lithium demand vary, based on numerous variables. (usgs.gov)
- Chinese demand for lithium has rebounded to the point where Australian miner Galaxy Resources can lower the grade of its product to maximise volumes and possibly find a buyer for the waste generated by its Mt Cattlin mine. (afr.com)
- Galaxy was expected to sell a spodumene concentrate with 6 per cent lithium this year, but the company said strong demand had prompted it to revise mine plans to produce a concentrate with between 5.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent lithium. (afr.com)
- Aside from highlighting the improved demand for lithium on the back of extremely strong electric vehicle sales in China and Europe over the past six months, Galaxy's tailings study is another example of companies trying to make a return from the processing of wastes. (afr.com)
- Direct lithium extraction (DLE) and direct lithium to product (DLP), which are anticipated to grow tenfold between 2021 and 2030, can be the driving factors behind the industry's ability to react more quickly to skyrocketing demand. (openpr.com)
- However, the lithium resources required to meet this surging demand are concentrated in only a few regions around the globe. (rockwellautomation.com)
Treatment3
- However, better evidence was needed regarding the safety and effectiveness of lithium treatment in children. (nih.gov)
- Monitor kidney function during treatment with lithium ( 5.4 ). (nih.gov)
- Moreover, lithium treatment abolished GSK3β-mediated Aβ increase in the brains of GSK3β transgenics and reduced plaque burden in the brains of the PDAPP (APPV717F) transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
Mania1
- While lithium has no psychotropic effects in normal individuals, it has potent mood stabilizing properties in patients with bipolar disorders, mania and recurrent depression. (nih.gov)
Fetus1
- If the patient becomes pregnant while taking lithium, she should be apprised of the potential risk to the fetus. (nih.gov)
Therapeutic2
Corp3
- Lithium Americas Corp. (openpr.com)
- Lithium Corp is an exploration company based in Nevada. (morningstar.com)
- How big is Lithium Corp? (morningstar.com)
Extraction3
- However, the market is also facing challenges such as supply chain disruptions, geopolitical risks, and environmental concerns related to lithium extraction and processing. (openpr.com)
- Rockwell Automation has both the technology and domain expertise to support the complex lithium extraction process," said Phil Hadfield, UK managing director, Rockwell Automation. (rockwellautomation.com)
- focused on the environmentally-sustainable extraction of lithium from geothermal waters and hard rock in the historic mining district of Cornwall. (rockwellautomation.com)
Equivalent1
- It would take 1.4 to 3.0 kilograms of lithium equivalent (7.5 to 16.0 kilograms of lithium carbonate) to support a 40-mile trip in an electric vehicle before requiring recharge. (usgs.gov)
Battery pack1
- Comparison of fire suppression techniques on lithium-ion battery pack fires. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms1
- Below are the main rubriks (i.e strongest indications or symptoms) of Lithium Carbonicum in traditional homeopathic usage , not approved by the FDA. (abchomeopathy.com)
Mechanism1
- The mechanism by which lithium causes serum aminotransferase elevations is not known. (nih.gov)
Rapidly1
- When closed, the ultracold lithium gas built up and lost its superfluid properties - but when the channel was opened again, the lithium rapidly recovered superfluid, resistance-free flow. (newscientist.com)
Rats2
- Studies in rats, rabbits and monkeys have shown no evidence of lithium-induced teratology. (nih.gov)
- The lithium-pilocarpine induced SE in rats is a commonly used animal model to identify novel treatments that can stop seizures when administered 30 minutes after the onset of SE because by this time point rats develop resistance to benzodiazepines (Jones et al. (nih.gov)
Widely1
- Lithium was approved for use in bipolar illness in the United States in 1970 and it is still widely used for this indication. (nih.gov)
Occur2
- Liver test abnormalities have been reported to occur in a small proportion of patients on long term therapy with lithium. (nih.gov)
- The serum aminotransferase elevations that occur on lithium therapy are usually self-limited and do not require dose modification or discontinuation of therapy. (nih.gov)
Recommendations1
- Experimental characterization of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway phenomena to develop recommendations for mitigating fire and explosion hazards. (cdc.gov)
Schizophrenia2
- Lithium is also sometimes used to treat depression, schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions), disorders of impulse control (inability to resist the urge to perform a harmful action), and certain mental illnesses in children. (medlineplus.gov)
- Lithium has also been used off-label in therapy of schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, attention deficit disorder and migraine headaches. (nih.gov)
Amounts1
- Ecological studies in this field have found an association between higher amounts of lithium in the drinking water and lower suicide rates. (medscape.com)
Resistance1
- The elastomeric electrolytes show a combination of mechanical robustness, high ionic conductivity, low interfacial resistance and high lithium -ion transference number. (bvsalud.org)
