Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Lipid A
O Antigens
The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Salmonella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Carbohydrate Sequence
Rhamnose
Carbohydrates
Limulus Test
Sensitive method for detection of bacterial endotoxins and endotoxin-like substances that depends on the in vitro gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), prepared from the circulating blood (amebocytes) of the horseshoe crab, by the endotoxin or related compound. Used for detection of endotoxin in body fluids and parenteral pharmaceuticals.
Endotoxins
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Amino Sugars
Polymyxin B
Hydrofluoric Acid
Californium
Salmonella typhimurium
Hafnia alvei
Monosaccharides
Chemistry
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Chemical Phenomena
Fatty Acids
Acholeplasma
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Oligosaccharides
Proteus vulgaris
Polymyxins
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Cross Reactions
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Serotyping
Antigens, CD14
Toll-Like Receptor 4
Coxiella
Fusobacterium
Brucella abortus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteroides
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Chromatography, Paper
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Lewis Blood-Group System
A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the ABO blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype Le(b) is the result of the interaction of the Le gene Le(a) with the genes for the ABO blood groups.
Shwartzman Phenomenon
Hemorrhagic necrosis that was first demonstrated in rabbits with a two-step reaction, an initial local (intradermal) or general (intravenous) injection of a priming endotoxin (ENDOTOXINS) followed by a second intravenous endotoxin injection (provoking agent) 24 h later. The acute inflammation damages the small blood vessels. The following intravascular coagulation leads to capillary and venous THROMBOSIS and NECROSIS. Shwartzman phenomenon can also occur in other species with a single injection of a provoking agent, and during infections or pregnancy. Its susceptibility depends on the status of IMMUNE SYSTEM, coagulation, FIBRINOLYSIS, and blood flow.
Rhizobium
Methylation
Miller Fisher Syndrome
A variant of the GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME characterized by the acute onset of oculomotor dysfunction, ataxia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes with relative sparing of strength in the extremities and trunk. The ataxia is produced by peripheral sensory nerve dysfunction and not by cerebellar injury. Facial weakness and sensory loss may also occur. The process is mediated by autoantibodies directed against a component of myelin found in peripheral nerves. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1313; Neurology 1987 Sep;37(9):1493-8)
Arcidae
Polyradiculoneuropathy
Diseases characterized by injury or dysfunction involving multiple peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process may primarily affect myelin or nerve axons. Two of the more common demyelinating forms are acute inflammatory polyradiculopathy (GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME) and POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING. Polyradiculoneuritis refers to inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots.
Bacteroidaceae
Mycoplasmatales
Proteus mirabilis
Brucella
Citrobacter
Haemophilus
Escherichia
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Galactose
An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.
Mass Spectrometry
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Mannose
Campylobacter jejuni
Rabbits
Chromobacterium
Serratia marcescens
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Blood Bactericidal Activity
The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Echinacea
Plesiomonas
Hemagglutination Tests
Immune Sera
Uronic Acids
Enterobacteriaceae
A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
Bordetella
Xanthomonas
Pyrogens
Electrophoresis, Paper
Molecular Mimicry
Shigella flexneri
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Pasteurella
Actinobacillus
Lethal Dose 50
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Mutation
Proteus penneri
Prevotella intermedia
Rhodospirillaceae
Antibody Specificity
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Shigella dysenteriae
Immunodiffusion
Macrophage Activation
The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.
Glycolipids
Shigella
Molecular Structure
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Acute-Phase Proteins
Proteins that are secreted into the blood in increased or decreased quantities by hepatocytes in response to trauma, inflammation, or disease. These proteins can serve as inhibitors or mediators of the inflammatory processes. Certain acute-phase proteins have been used to diagnose and follow the course of diseases or as tumor markers.
Veillonella
Teichoic Acids
Cell Wall
Shigella boydii
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Toll-Like Receptors
A family of pattern recognition receptors characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich domain and a cytoplasmic domain that share homology with the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR and the DROSOPHILA toll protein. Following pathogen recognition, toll-like receptors recruit and activate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS.
Chemokine CCL8
Immunochemistry
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Immunoblotting
Adsorption
Neisseria meningitidis
A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.
Gangliosides
A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)
Rhodospirillum
Serum Globulins
Salmonella Phages
Herbaspirillum
A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family OXALOBACTERACEAE, comprised of vibrioid or sometimes helical cells. They are chemoorganotrophic nitrogen fixers and are found free-living in the soil or in association with the roots of members of the GRAMINEAE. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Rhizobiaceae
Horseshoe Crabs
Chemical Fractionation
Salmonella enteritidis
Klebsiella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.
Thermoplasma
Campylobacter fetus
Hemagglutination
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Cells, Cultured
Bordetella parapertussis
Helicobacter pylori
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
Pseudomonas
Antigens, CD15
Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.
Chromatography, Gel
Enterobacter
Endotoxemia
Electrophoresis
Ethanolamine
Salts
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Monocytes
Mitogens
Complement Inactivator Proteins
Serum proteins that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host. The complement system is tightly regulated by inactivators that accelerate the decay of intermediates and certain cell surface receptors.
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid
Yersinia enterocolitica
Complement System Proteins
Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).
Hemolysis
Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional
Symbiosis
Bacterial Adhesion
Agglutination Tests
Acinetobacter
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.
Immunoglobulin G
Porins
Porins are protein molecules that were originally found in the outer membrane of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and that form multi-meric channels for the passive DIFFUSION of WATER; IONS; or other small molecules. Porins are present in bacterial CELL WALLS, as well as in plant, fungal, mammalian and other vertebrate CELL MEMBRANES and MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES.
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Cell Membrane
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
Toll-Like Receptor 2
Lymphocyte Antigen 96
Silver Staining
Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D
An abundant pulmonary surfactant-associated protein that binds to a variety of lung pathogens and enhances their opsinization and killing by phagocytic cells. Surfactant protein D contains a N-terminal collagen-like domain and a C-terminal lectin domain that are characteristic of members of the collectin family of proteins.
Enhanced Th1 activity and development of chronic enterocolitis in mice devoid of Stat3 in macrophages and neutrophils. (1/20671)
We have generated mice with a cell type-specific disruption of the Stat3 gene in macrophages and neutrophils. The mutant mice are highly susceptible to endotoxin shock with increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-1, IFN gamma, and IL-6. Endotoxin-induced production of inflammatory cytokines is augmented because the suppressive effects of IL-10 on inflammatory cytokine production from macrophages and neutrophils are completely abolished. The mice show a polarized immune response toward the Th1 type and develop chronic enterocolitis with age. Taken together, Stat3 plays a critical role in deactivation of macrophages and neutrophils mainly exerted by IL-10. (+info)Interleukin-18 binding protein: a novel modulator of the Th1 cytokine response. (2/20671)
An interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) was purified from urine by chromatography on IL-18 beads, sequenced, cloned, and expressed in COS7 cells. IL-18BP abolished IL-18 induction of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), IL-8, and activation of NF-kappaB in vitro. Administration of IL-18BP to mice abrogated circulating IFNgamma following LPS. Thus, IL-18BP functions as an inhibitor of the early Th1 cytokine response. IL-18BP is constitutively expressed in the spleen, belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, and has limited homology to the IL-1 type II receptor. Its gene was localized on human chromosome 11q13, and no exon coding for a transmembrane domain was found in an 8.3 kb genomic sequence. Several Poxviruses encode putative proteins highly homologous to IL-18BP, suggesting that viral products may attenuate IL-18 and interfere with the cytotoxic T cell response. (+info)Salmonella typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide stimulate extracellularly regulated kinase activation in macrophages by a mechanism involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D as novel intermediates. (3/20671)
Activation of the extracellularly regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is part of the early biochemical events that follow lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of macrophages or their infection by virulent and attenuated Salmonella strains. Phagocytosis as well as the secretion of invasion-associated proteins is dispensable for ERK activation by the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathways used by Salmonella and LPS to stimulate ERK are identical, suggesting that kinase activation might be solely mediated by LPS. Both stimuli activate ERK by a mechanism involving herbimycin-dependent tyrosine kinase(s) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phospholipase D activation and stimulation of protein kinase C appear to be intermediates in this novel pathway of MEK/ERK activation. (+info)Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model. (4/20671)
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury was studied in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. The inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically detected on hepatocytes around blood vessels in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS not on hepatocytes in mice injected with D-GalN or LPS alone, although mRNA for iNOS was found in those mice. Nitrotyrosine (NT) was also found in livers of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. The localization of NT was consistent with that of iNOS, and the time courses of NT and iNOS expression were almost the same. Expression of iNOS and NT was detected exclusively in the hepatic lesions of mice injected with D-GalN and LPS. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing antibody inhibited iNOS and NT expression and hepatic injury. The results suggested that NO from iNOS may play a role in LPS-induced hepatic injury on D-GalN-sensitized mice as an experimental endotoxic shock model. (+info)Activation of murine macrophages by lipoprotein and lipooligosaccharide of Treponema denticola. (5/20671)
We have recently demonstrated that the periodontopathogenic oral spirochete Treponema denticola possesses membrane-associated lipoproteins in addition to lipooligosaccharide (LOS). The aim of the present study was to test the potential of these oral spirochetal components to induce the production of inflammatory mediators by human macrophages, which in turn may stimulate tissue breakdown as observed in periodontal diseases. An enriched lipoprotein fraction (dLPP) from T. denticola ATCC 35404 obtained upon extraction of the treponemes with Triton X-114 was found to stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by mouse macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Induction of NO by dLPP was at 25% of the levels obtained by Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at similar concentrations, while IL-1 was produced at similar levels by both inducers. dLPP-mediated macrophage activation was unaffected by amounts of polymyxin B that neutralized the induction produced by S. typhosa LPS. dLPP also induced NO and TNF-alpha secretion from macrophages isolated from endotoxin-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice to an extent similar to the stimulation produced in endotoxin-responsive mice. Purified T. denticola LOS also produced a concentration-dependent activation of NO and TNF-alpha in LPS-responsive and -nonresponsive mouse macrophages. However, macrophage activation by LOS was inhibited by polymyxin B. These results suggest that T. denticola lipoproteins and LOS may play a role in the inflammatory processes that characterize periodontal diseases. (+info)Potent immunoregulatory effects of Salmonella typhi flagella on antigenic stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (6/20671)
A key function of monocytes/macrophages (Mphi) is to present antigens to T cells. However, upon interaction with bacteria, Mphi lose their ability to effectively present soluble antigens. This functional loss was associated with alterations in the expression of adhesion molecules and CD14 and a reduction in the uptake of soluble antigen. Recently, we have demonstrated that Salmonella typhi flagella (STF) markedly decrease CD14 expression and are potent inducers of proinflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC). In order to determine whether S. typhi and soluble STF also alter the ability of Mphi to activate T cells to proliferate to antigens and mitogens, hPBMC were cultured in the presence of tetanus toxoid (TT) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and either killed whole-cell S. typhi or purified STF protein. Both whole-cell S. typhi and STF suppressed proliferation to PHA and TT. This decreased proliferation was not a result of increased Mphi production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, or oxygen radicals or the release of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, or interleukin-10 following exposure to STF. However, the ability to take up soluble antigen, as determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran uptake, was reduced in cells cultured with STF. Moreover, there was a dramatic reduction in the expression of CD54 on Mphi after exposure to STF. These results indicate that whole-cell S. typhi and STF have the ability to alter in vitro proliferation to soluble antigens and mitogens by affecting Mphi function. (+info)Neutralization of endotoxin in vitro and in vivo by a human lactoferrin-derived peptide. (7/20671)
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) is the major pathogenic factor of gram-negative septic shock, and endotoxin-induced death is associated with the host overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In the search for new antiendotoxin molecules, we studied the endotoxin-neutralizing capacity of a human lactoferrin-derived 33-mer synthetic peptide (GRRRRSVQWCAVSQPEATKCFQWQRNMRKVRGP; designated LF-33) representing the minimal sequence for lactoferrin binding to glycosaminoglycans. LF-33 inhibited the coagulation of the Limulus amebocyte lysate and the secretion of TNF-alpha by RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipid A and four different endotoxins with a potency comparable to that of polymyxin B. The first six residues at the N terminus of LF-33 were critical for its antiendotoxin activity. The endotoxin-neutralizing capacity of LF-33 and polymyxin B was attenuated by human serum. Coinjection of Escherichia coli LPS (125 ng) with LF-33 (2.5 microg) dramatically reduced the lethality of LPS in the galactosamine-sensitized mouse model. Significant protection of the mice against the lethal LPS challenge was also observed when LF-33 (100 microg) was given intravenously after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Protection was correlated with a reduction in TNF-alpha levels in the mouse serum. These results demonstrate the endotoxin-neutralizing capability of LF-33 in vitro and in vivo and its potential use for the treatment of endotoxin-induced septic shock. (+info)Relationship between UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity and oligoglucose glycoforms in two strains of Neisseria meningitidis. (8/20671)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Neisseria meningitidis has demonstrated considerable microheterogeneity in the variable region of LOS due to the presence of novel glycoforms. As a step toward understanding the basis for the expression of these novel glycoforms, we have examined the LOS structures and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (epimerase) activity levels in two strains (NMB and MA-1) and their respective galE mutants. Strain NMB was found to have low epimerase activity and to contain multiple glycoforms, some of which appear to contain only glucose sugars. The galE mutant had only the oligoglucose glycoforms. Strain MA-1 had higher epimerase activity at both log and stationary phases (2- and 12.5-fold, respectively) and one glycoform with a putative lactosyl structure. Strain MA-1 galE had two glycoforms that contained one or two glucose residues. To understand the molecular basis for the different epimerase activities, we examined the predicted amino acid sequences of the respective galE open reading frames and determined the relative amounts of GalE protein. We found no significant differences between the predicted amino acid sequence of the GalE protein in NMB and that in MA-1. We observed no significant differences in the level of GalE protein between MA-1 and NMB at exponential or stationary phase. We also observed an 8.2-fold drop in epimerase activity in NMB between the log and stationary phases that was not due to the GalE protein level or low glucose levels. (+info)
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Plasma follistatin concentrations increase following lipopolysaccharide administration in sheep
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Migration inhibitory action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on progeni by Y Ishii, M Shinoda et al.
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Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor, Lisinopril, Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Expression of Splenic Interleukin-6...
Polymyxin B inadequately quenches the effects of contaminating lipopolysaccharide on murine dendritic cells.
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Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1 beta through HIF-1 alpha
Plus it
Lipopolysaccharide Injection Induces Relapses of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Nontransgenic Mice via Bystander...
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells</em>...
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Lipopolysaccharides | Colorado PROFILES
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Cyanotoxin
Lipopolysaccharides[edit]. Lipopolysaccharides are present in all cyanobacteria. Though not as potent as other cyanotoxins, ... Lipopolysaccharides Potential irritant; affects any exposed tissue All Polyketides Aplysiatoxins Skin Lyngbya, Schizothrix, ... some researchers have claimed that all lipopolysaccharides in cyanobacteria can irritate the skin, while other researchers ... "Cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides and human health - a review". Environ Health. 5 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-5-7. PMC ...
Glycosaminoglycan
Lipopolysaccharide. References[edit]. *^ "glycosaminoglycan" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary *^ "mucopolysaccharide" at ...
Cell membrane
The outer membrane of gram negative bacteria is rich in lipopolysaccharides, which are combined poly- or oligosaccharide and ... Alexander C, Rietschel ET (2001). "Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity". Journal of Endotoxin Research. 7 (3): ...
Committed step
Raetz C, Whitfield C (2002). "Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins". Annu Rev Biochem. 71: 635-700. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem. ...
Christian R. H. Raetz
Raetz C. Whitfield C (2002). "Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins". Annu Rev Biochem. 71: 635-700. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem. ...
Lipid A
It is the innermost of the three regions of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also called endotoxin molecule, and its hydrophobic ... Raetz C, Whitfield C (2002). "Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins". Annu Rev Biochem. 71 (1): 635-700. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem. ... King, Jerry D; Kocíncová, Dana; Westman, Erin L; Lam, Joseph S (2009). "Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Pseudomonas ... "Structural Relationship of the Lipid A Acyl Groups to Activation of Murine Toll-Like Receptor 4 by Lipopolysaccharides from ...
Bacterial outer membrane
If lipid A, part of the lipopolysaccharide, enters the circulatory system it causes a toxic reaction by activating toll like ... LptC is required for the translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. LptE forms a ... Raetz CR, Whitfield C (2002). "Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 71: 635-700. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem. ... the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria includes a complex lipopolysaccharide whose lipid ...
Somatic antigen
Lipopolysaccharide "somatic antigen". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 7 May 2019.. ...
NOD1
"Human Nod1 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharides". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (4): 2551-4. doi: ...
NOD-like receptor
Inohara N, Ogura Y, Chen FF, Muto A, Nuñez G (2001). "Human Nod1 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharides". J ...
Chlorella
However, more recent studies have found that the lipopolysaccharides in organisms other than Gram-negative bacteria, for ... A 2002 study showed that Chlorella cell walls contain lipopolysaccharides, endotoxins found in Gram-negative bacteria that ... Stewart, Ian; Schluter, Philip J; Shaw, Glen R (2006). "Cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides and human health - a review". ... "Immunohistochemical demonstration of a lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of a eukaryote, the green alga, Chlorella". The ...
Lysozyme
Ohno N, Morrison DC (March 1989). "Lipopolysaccharide interaction with lysozyme. Binding of lipopolysaccharide to lysozyme and ... In Gram-negative bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide acts as a non-competitive inhibitior by highly favored binding with lysozyme ... recognize bacterial carbohydrate antigen without lytic activity was reported for tetrasaccharide related to lipopolysaccharide ...
Undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase
Osborn MJ, Tze-Yuen RY (1968). "Biosynthesis of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. VII. Enzymatic formation of the first ...
Polysaccharide O-methyltransferase
Ferguson JA, Ballou CE (1970). "Biosynthesis of a mycobacterial lipopolysaccharide. Properties of the polysaccharide ...
Fusobacterium
In contrast to Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium has a potent lipopolysaccharide. Altered Schaedler flora Parte, A.C. " ...
Abequosyltransferase
Osborn MJ, Weiner IM (1968). "Biosynthesis of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide. VI. Mechanism of incorporation of abequose into ...
Толл-подобный рецептор 2 - Википедия
lipopolysaccharide receptor activity. • receptor activity. • transmembrane signaling receptor activity. • protein binding. • ... lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway. • central nervous system myelin formation. • response to progesterone. • ...
Acmella oleracea
Lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage model Antimalarial, larvicidal. S. mauritiana. Aerial parts. Methanol extract. ...
Glycoside
... and lipopolysaccharides.[citation needed] Much of the chemistry of glycosides is explained in the article on glycosidic bonds. ...
Volemitol
It was also found in lipopolysaccharides from E. coli. In certain higher plants, such as Primula, volemitol plays several ...
Acyloxyacyl hydrolase
... acyl groups of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and two products, [partially deacylated lipopolysaccharide] and fatty acid. The ... Erwin AL, Munford RS (1990). "Deacylation of structurally diverse lipopolysaccharides by human acyloxyacyl hydrolase". J. Biol ... Munford RS, Hunter JP (1992). "Acyloxyacyl hydrolase, a leukocyte enzyme that deacylates bacterial lipopolysaccharides, has ... This reaction inactivates the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). Acyloxyacyl hydrolase is produced by monocyte-macrophages, ...
Hafnia (bacterium)
The immunochemistry of Hafnia lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are extremely complicated. All H. alvei LPS appear to contain glucose, ...
Ebrotidine
... counteracts the inhibitory effects of H. pylori lipopolysaccharides. Ebrotidine was withdrawn from the market due to ...
CD14
... for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CD14 can bind LPS only in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-binding ... It helps to detect bacteria in the body by binding lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). ... Ranoa DR, Kelley SL, Tapping RI (April 2013). "Human lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and CD14 independently deliver ... Kitchens RL (2000). "Role of CD14 in cellular recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides". Chemical Immunology. Chemical ...
Acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein)-UDP-N-acetylglucosamine O-acyltransferase
This enzyme participates in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. As of late 2007, 7 structures have been solved for this class of ...
Eobacteria
Species in this group lack lipopolysaccharide. The clade includes Hadobacteria and Chlorobacteria. Cavalier-Smith T (2006). " ...
3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphatase
This enzyme participates in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Ray PH, Benedict CD (1980). "Purification and Characterization of ...
3-deoxy-8-phosphooctulonate synthase
This enzyme participates in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically ...
Lipid-A-disaccharide synthase
This enzyme participates in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Crowell DN, Reznikoff WS, Raetz CR (1987). "Nucleotide sequence of ...
Lipopolysaccharide - Wikipedia
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as endotoxins, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide composed of ... Lipopolysaccharides are frequent contaminants in plasmid DNA prepared from bacteria or proteins expressed from bacteria, and ... Wang X, Quinn PJ (2010). "Lipopolysaccharide: Biosynthetic pathway and structure modification". Prog. Lipid Res. 49 (2): 97-107 ... The term lipooligosaccharide ("LOS") is used to refer to a low-molecular-weight form of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. ...
Lipopolysaccharides from Mastigocladus laminosus | SpringerLink
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein - Wikipedia
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) ... Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein has been shown to interact with CD14, TLR2, TLR4 and the co-receptor MD-2.[8][9][10] ... Lipopolysaccharide binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene.[5][6] ... "Entrez Gene: LBP lipopolysaccharide binding protein".. *^ Muta T, Takeshige K (2001). "Essential roles of CD14 and ...
Lipopolysaccharides | Journal of Bacteriology
Lipopolysaccharide as Shield and Receptor for R-Pyocin-Mediated Killing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Thilo Köhler, Viviane Donner ... Functional Identification of the Proteusmirabilis Core Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Genes Eleonora Aquilini, Joana Azevedo, ... Lipopolysaccharide Transport Involves Long-Range Coupling between Cytoplasmic and Periplasmic Domains of the LptB2FGC Extractor ... Mutations in the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway Interfere with Crescentin-Mediated Cell Curvature in Caulobacter ...
Structural basis of MsbA-mediated lipopolysaccharide transport | Nature
This process is catalysed by flippases, bacterial ATP-binding cassette transporters that flip lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because ... mechanism for lipopolysaccharide flipping and the conformational transitions of MsbA during its substrate transport cycle. The ... Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is critical for the assembly of their cell envelopes. ... Mi, W., Li, Y., Yoon, S. et al. Structural basis of MsbA-mediated lipopolysaccharide transport. Nature 549, 233-237 (2017). ...
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides | SpringerLink
Central emphasis is placed upon the fine chemical structure of the lipopolysaccharide and its sign ... The bacterial lipopolysaccharide also known as endotoxin is exhaustively covered in the present work. ... The bacterial lipopolysaccharide also known as endotoxin is exhaustively covered in the present work. Central emphasis is ... Modulation of Lipopolysaccharide Signalling Through TLR4 Agonists and Antagonists Francesco Peri, Matteo Piazza, Valentina ...
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)purification.
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20024348 - Characterization of lipopolysaccharides present in settled house dust.
Lipopolysaccharide - definition of lipopolysaccharide by The Free Dictionary
lipopolysaccharide synonyms, lipopolysaccharide pronunciation, lipopolysaccharide translation, English dictionary definition of ... lipopolysaccharide. n. Any of a group of polysaccharides in which a lipid constitutes a portion of the molecule, found in the ... Lipopolysaccharide exposure induces inflammation in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes. Detrimental effects of lipopolysaccharides ... lipopolysaccharide. Also found in: Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. lip·o·pol·y·sac·cha·ride. (lĭp′ō-pŏl′ē-săk′ə-rīd ...
Lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II - Wikipedia
... alpha-D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and lipopolysaccharide, whereas its ... In enzymology, a lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II (EC 2.4.1.73) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP- ... Edstrom RD, Heath EC (1967). "The biosynthesis of cell wall lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli. VI. Enzymatic transfer of ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide alpha-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names ...
Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide hinders polymorphonuclear leucocyte apoptosis. - PubMed - NCBI
Hsp70 inhibits lipopolysaccharide... preview & related info | Mendeley
Hsp70 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation by interacting with TRAF6 and inhibiting its ubiquitination. *Chen H ... Chen, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, L., Luo, L., Xue, B., … Yin, Z. (2006). Hsp70 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB ... and pathological processes and is essential for activating NF-κB signaling pathway in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide ...
Lipopolysaccharide diversity evol... preview & related info | Mendeley
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen chain revealed considerable phenotypic diversity between individual cells in the studied ... Lipopolysaccharide diversity evolving in Helicobacter pylori communities through genetic modifications in fucosyltransferases. ... Nilsson, C., Skoglund, A., Moran, A. P., Annuk, H., Engstrand, L., & Normark, S. (2008). Lipopolysaccharide diversity evolving ...
Lipopolysaccharides, Escherichia coli - Substance Information - ECHA
Solid State NMR Studies of Intact Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin. - PubMed - NCBI
IL-12 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Osteoclastogenesis in Mice
... Masako Yoshimatsu,1 Hideki Kitaura,2 Yuji Fujimura,1 ... M. J. Osborn, S. M. Rosen, L. Rothfield, L. D. Zeleznick, and B. L. Horecker, "Lipopolysaccharide of the gram-negative cell ... K. Kimura, H. Kitaura, T. Fujii, Z. W. Hakami, and T. Takano-Yamamoto, "Anti-c-Fms antibody inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced ... Y. Tan and J. C. Kagan, "A cross-disciplinary perspective on the innate immune responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide," ...
Melatonin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced placental cellula...: Ingenta Connect
Lipopolysaccharides | CTD
Lipopolysaccharides 5.. Chemicals ← Biological Factors ← Toxins, Biological ← Bacterial Toxins ← Endotoxins ← ... Lipopolysaccharides 4.. Chemicals ← Biological Factors ← Antigens ← Antigens, Bacterial ← Polysaccharides, Bacterial ← ... The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When ... derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology ...
Heterogeneity of Brucella Abortus Lipopolysaccharides
This work demonstrates that Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations are a family of related molecules which display ... Heterogeneity of Brucella Abortus Lipopolysaccharides Res Microbiol. 1995 Sep;146(7):569-78. doi: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)80563-8 ... This work demonstrates that Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations are a family of related molecules which display ...
Colorectal cancer is associated with increased circulating lipopolysaccharide, inflammation and hypercoagulability | Scientific...
Fluorescence antibody confocal microscopy was used to determine circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in control and ... Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the circulation of CRC patients. A direct fluorescence LPS antibody-based technique was ... Pretorius, E., Mbotwe, S. & Kell, D. B. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) reverses the amyloid state of fibrin seen in ... For example, PRR Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has the ability to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, ...
Detection Methods for Lipopolysaccharides: Past and Present | IntechOpen
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the primary component of the outer membrane of Gram‐negativebacteria. LPS aids in protecting ... 3. Lipopolysaccharide structures and conformations. Lipopolysaccharides have been the subject of intense study for over half a ... 2. Sources of lipopolysaccharides. Bacteria are classified into Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive [15], which release amphiphilic ... Detection Methods for Lipopolysaccharides: Past and Present. By Loreen R. Stromberg, Heather M. Mendez and Harshini Mukundan ...
The Hidden Dangers of Lipopolysaccharides - The Pig Site
Lipopolysaccharides pose a serious and often overlooked risk to pigs. Several tips can help limit their negative impacts, ... Lipopolysaccharides pose a serious and often overlooked risk to pigs. Several tips can help limit their negative impacts, ... Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) constitute up to 75% of the structure of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, being present at ...
Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates p62-Dependent Autophagy-Like Aggregate Clearance in Hepatocytes
... Christine Chen,1 Meihong Deng,1 ... Y. Mimura, S. Sakisaka, M. Harada, M. Sata, and K. Tanikawa, "Role of hepatocytes in direct clearance of lipopolysaccharide in ... "β2-integrin-induced p38 MAPK activation is a key mediator in the CD14/TLR4/MD2-dependent uptake of lipopolysaccharide by ... TLR4 responds specifically to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli ...
Compositional analysis of Helicobacter pylori rough-form lipopolysaccharides. | Journal of Bacteriology
Compositional analysis of Helicobacter pylori rough-form lipopolysaccharides.. A P Moran, I M Helander, T U Kosunen ... Compositional analysis of Helicobacter pylori rough-form lipopolysaccharides. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page ... dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the macromolecular heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides ...
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Damage | GreenMedInfo | Keyword | Natural
5 Abstracts with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Damage Research. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ... 1 Pharmacological Actions Researched for Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Damage Name. AC. CK. Focus. ... Compounds found within Yacón leaves inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage in mouse cells. Feb 01, 2008. ...
Chemical and serological investigations on the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia | PNAS
Chemical and serological investigations on the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia. H Brade, L Brade, and F ... Chemical and serological investigations on the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia ... Chemical and serological investigations on the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia ... Chemical and serological investigations on the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia ...
Patent US4683196 - Method and materials for the identification of lipopolysaccharide producing ... - Google Patents
1) a first lipopolysaccharide reactive means comprising a first antibody specifically reactive with an antigenic determinant of ... 2) a second lipopolysaccharide detecting means comprising a second monoclonal antibody specifically reactive to an antigenic ... Non-immunochemical binding of lipopolysaccharides and sandwich assays therefor. US4918163 *. Apr 24, 1986. Apr 17, 1990. Pfizer ... 1) a lipopolysaccharide reactive means comprising a first monoclonal antibody specifically reactive with, an antigenic ...
Experts and Doctors on lipopolysaccharides in China
Locale about Experts and Doctors on lipopolysaccharides in China ... Experts and Doctors on lipopolysaccharides in China. Summary. ... Yin W, Yang J, Hu X, Yuan J, Luo Y, Li Y. [Effects of polymixin B on I-kappaB kinase mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide- ... High Glucose and Lipopolysaccharide Prime NLRP3 Inflammasome via ROS/TXNIP Pathway in Mesangial Cells. J Diabetes Res. 2016; ... Vaccaria hypaphorine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inactivation of NF?B and ERK pathways in Raw 264.7 ...
Bacterial lipopolysaccharideEscherichiaAbstractOuter membraneEndotoxinInflammationEndotoxinsGlycolipidMiceResponse to lipopolysaccharideAntigenAcute lung iANTIGENSMicrogliaPseudomonasAttenuates lipopolysaccharide-inducedInhibitGram-negativeGenesMacrophagesMammalianEnzymologyMoleculesProteinChlamydiaIntestinalRatsBacteriaCharacterizationSecretionToll-like recBrucellaLipidMETABOLISMHumans2021AntibodyActivationInnateSepsisProteinsJournal of ImmunolInjectionApoptosisSalmonellaActinobacillusInteractionsCell
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide10
- LBP is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (or LPS) to elicit immune responses by presenting the LPS to important cell surface pattern recognition receptors called CD14 and TLR4 . (wikipedia.org)
- The bacterial lipopolysaccharide also known as endotoxin is exhaustively covered in the present work. (springer.com)
- Isolation from human serum of an inactivator of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. (biomedsearch.com)
- As a result of treatment of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by LPS-I, the treated LPS loses its toxicity for mice and reactivity in the Limulus assay and appears to be irreversibly disaggregated. (biomedsearch.com)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which increases the NO production in vascular tissues or cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). (dissertations.se)
- The systemic inflammatory reaction underlying the development of septic organ dysfunction can be modeled using Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin. (dissertations.se)
- Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) alters the responsiveness of rats to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) insults. (cdc.gov)
- Molinaro A., De Castro C., Parrilli M. (2018) Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide, OPS, and Lipid A. In: Roberts G., Watts A., European Biophysical Societies (eds) Encyclopedia of Biophysics. (springer.com)
- Y. pestis is a gram-negative bacterium that contains bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as its major cell wall component. (asm.org)
- However, after intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), G3 mTerc(-/-) microglia mice show an enhanced proinflammatory response. (rug.nl)
Escherichia10
- Lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli LPS, serotype 0127:B8) and Vitamin E were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The biosynthesis of cell wall lipopolysaccharide in Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
- When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (mdibl.org)
- Fourteen-day-old neonatal male rats were given Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that caused either fever or hypothermia depending on ambient temperature. (jneurosci.org)
- Cloning and characterization of the Escherichia coli Heptosyltransferase III: Exploring substrate specificity in lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis. (uniprot.org)
- 2005. MD-2 mediates the ability of tetra-acylated and penta-acylated lipopolysaccharides to antagonize Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide at the TLR4 signaling complex. (invivogen.com)
- 1) The relative roles of lipopolysaccharide and Shiga-like toxin-2 were studied in a mouse model of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. (dissertations.se)
- Effects of different serotypes of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides on body temperature in rats. (invivogen.com)
- Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O157. (asm.org)
- However, polyclonal antibodies produced against E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may react with several other bacteria including Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Yersinia enterocolitica O9, Escherichia hermannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. (asm.org)
Abstract1
- article{b2288a16-99b9-4595-8bca-410a9662bee1, abstract = {The 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play an important role in determining endotoxin activity, and childhood exposure to endotoxin has recently been associated with reduced risk of atopic diseases. (lu.se)
Outer membrane11
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is critical for the assembly of their cell envelopes. (nature.com)
- Outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity among Eikenella corrodens isolates. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the primary component of the outer membrane of Gram‐negativebacteria. (intechopen.com)
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), otherwise termed 'endotoxins', are outer-membrane constituents of Gram-negative bacteria. (nih.gov)
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria consisting of three domains: a hydrophobic anchor called lipid A, a non-repeating core oligosaccharide (OS) and a repetitive glycan polymer called O-antigen or O-polysaccharide (O-PS). (genome.jp)
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which plays an essential role in protecting the bacteria from harsh conditions and antibiotics. (rcsb.org)
- Polarized HEC-1B monolayers growing on extracellular matrix (ECM) were infected with C. trachomatis serovar E. By 36 h, coincident with the secretion of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide and major outer membrane protein to the surfaces of infected cells, human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNL) loaded with azithromycin migrated through the ECM and infiltrated the HEC-1B monolayer. (cpnhelp.org)
- Lipopolysaccharides are amphiphilic molecules indispensable for viability and survival of Gram-negative bacteria, as they heavily contribute to the structural integrity of their outer membrane (OM) and to the protection of the bacterial cell envelope (Di Lorenzo et al. (springer.com)
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, functions as a permeability barrier against a variety of molecules, including AMPs. (asm.org)
- The inner leaflet of the outer membrane contains phospholipids similar to the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas the outer leaflet of the outer membrane is predominantly composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( 1 , 2 ). (asm.org)
- They can be activated by numerous external stimuli, among which lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one outer membrane component of the Gram-negative bacteria, is known to induce strong immune responses in these cells. (thefreelibrary.com)
Endotoxin2
- The 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play an important role in determining endotoxin activity, and childhood exposure to endotoxin has recently been associated with reduced risk of atopic diseases. (cdc.gov)
- Solid State NMR Studies of Intact Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin. (nih.gov)
Inflammation7
- Apocynin protects mesangial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by exerting heme oxygenase 1-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 suppression. (greenmedinfo.com)
- We fed rats an HFM and showed that HFM increases rat fecal Gram-negative bacteria, elevates lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and induces intestinal pathology, as indicated by inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity (VH). (jci.org)
- Lipopolysaccharide and hemorrhagic shock cause systemic inflammation by different mechanisms. (biomedsearch.com)
- Verteporfin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by multiple functions in RAW 264.7 cells. (medworm.com)
- The classic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation cell model was used. (medworm.com)
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cell wall of Gram (-) bacteria trigger inflammation, which is associated with marked changes in glucose metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
- We describe a method for inducing neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation by challenge to aerosolized lipopolysaccharide by nebulization, to model acute lung injury. (jove.com)
Endotoxins1
- O. Westphal, K. Jann and K. Himmelspach, "Chemistry and Immunochemistry of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides as Cell Wall Antigens and Endotoxins," Progress in Allergy, Vol. 33, 1983, pp. 9-39. (scirp.org)
Glycolipid4
- Gram-negative bacteria contain a glycolipid, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on their outer cell wall. (wikipedia.org)
- The outer leaflet, exposed to the cell surface, is composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a large glycolipid. (harvard.edu)
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a unique glycolipid that paves the outer leaflet of the OM. (mdpi.com)
- The OM is an essential structure that has been extensively studied over the last half century in Proteobacteria phylum and particularly in Enterobacteriaceae , it possesses a peculiar asymmetric structure due to the presence of a complex glycolipid, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer, whereas the inner leaflet is composed of phospholipids. (mdpi.com)
Mice8
- In the study, the researchers injected mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - a non-infectious bacterial toxin that causes symptoms associated with sickness. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Melatonin protects mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fetal death and intra-uterine growth retardation. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Protective effect of magnolol on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. (labome.org)
- Silencing of Paralemmin-3 Protects Mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. (labome.org)
- Here we tested the hypothesis that acetaminophen blocks fever through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), by monitoring lipopolysaccharide induced fever in mice with genetic manipulations of enzymes in the prostaglandin cascade. (diva-portal.org)
- Mice were immune challenged by an intraperitoneal injection of bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide and their body temperature recorded by telemetry. (diva-portal.org)
- We then titrated a dose of acetaminophen that did not inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in wild-type mice. (diva-portal.org)
- However, when the same dose of acetaminophen was given to Cox-2 heterozygous mice, the febrile response to lipopolysaccharide was strongly attenuated, resulting in an almost normalized temperature curve, whereas no difference was seen between wild-type and heterozygous mPGES-1 mice. (diva-portal.org)
Response to lipopolysaccharide2
- Lipopolysaccharide promotes the survival of osteoclasts via toll-like receptor 4, but cytokine production of osteoclasts in response to lipopolysaccharide is different from that of macrophages," The Journal of Immunology , vol. 170, no. 7, pp. 3688-3695, 2003. (hindawi.com)
- Renal mesangial cells (RMCs) have been implicated in renal failure as a result of producing mediators, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (greenmedinfo.com)
Antigen3
- Methods Non-fimbriated A. actinomycetemcomitans strain ATCC29523 (serotype a) was used to construct a deletion mutant of serotype-a specific polysaccharide antigen (SPA-a) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (ovid.com)
- The O-antigen side chain of the lipopolysaccharide is an immunodominant antigen, can define host-pathogen interactions, and is under consideration as a vaccine target for some Gram-negative species. (osti.gov)
- Our results emphasize that natural O-antigen modifications should be taken into consideration when assessing responses to vaccines, especially O-antigen-based vaccines, and that the Salmonella gtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmonella lipopolysaccharide conjugate vaccines. (osti.gov)
Acute lung i2
- Protective effect of resveratrol against acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide via inhibiting the myd88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Zhai Y, Huang X, Ma H, Zhou X, Zhou J, Fan Y. Sulfur dioxide reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. (termedia.pl)
ANTIGENS2
- The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). (mdibl.org)
- Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and K polysaccharides (K-antigens, capsular polysaccharides, or KPSs) are important for the recognition of the symbiotic partner and the infection process, whereas lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) may function at a later stage of symbiosis. (apsnet.org)
Microglia3
- Fucoidan protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced rat neuronal damage and inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators in primary microglia. (greenmedinfo.com)
- We here show that estrogen exerts an anti-inflammatory activity on primary cultures of rat microglia, as suggested by the blockage of the phenotypic conversion associated with activation and by the prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of inflammatory mediators: inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin-E 2 (PGE 2 ), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). (jneurosci.org)
- We proposed MSC-derived MVs as potent regulators of microglia activation and used an in vitro model of stimulation for BV-2 cells, a microglia cell line, with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). (fraunhofer.de)
Pseudomonas1
- Four chemotypes of the rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS) membrane from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated by a combined approach of explicit water molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Poisson-Boltzmann continuum electrostatics with the goal to deliver the distribution of the electrostatic potential across the membrane. (diva-portal.org)
Attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced1
- The original article, Dietary taurine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress of broiler chickens at an early age , is viewable in the Journal of Animal Science . (asas.org)
Inhibit2
- Compounds found within Yacón leaves inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage in mouse cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
- While inactivation of PDE4B, but not other PDE4 isotypes, is known to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) production in macrophages, a cell type critical in mediating innate immunity, the impact of PDE4B on many other inflammatory responses in these cells remains largely unknown. (thefreelibrary.com)
Gram-negative6
- Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics due to the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at their cell surface. (asm.org)
- TLR4 is a member of the toll-like receptor family and can recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the main component of gram-negative bacteria. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are complex glycolipids forming the outside layer of Gram-negative bacteria. (nih.gov)
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) constitute up to 75% of the structure of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, being present at average 2x106 molecules of LPS/bacterial cell. (thepigsite.com)
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are critical components for the fitness of most gram-negative bacteria. (apsnet.org)
- The susceptibility to infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria is largely determined by innate immune responses to bacteria cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (rupress.org)
Genes1
- Here, we found that stable knockdown of Keap1 (Keap1-KD) in RAW 264.7 (RAW) mouse macrophages and human monocyte THP-1 cells significantly increased expression of Il6, and Nrf2-target genes, under basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.001-0.1 μg/ml)-challenged conditions. (osti.gov)
Macrophages3
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides prime macrophages for enhanced release of arachidonic acid metabolites. (rupress.org)
- Bonaterra GA, Driscoll D, Schwarzbach H, Kinscherf R. Krill Oil-In-Water Emulsion Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Activation of Macrophages In Vitro. (umassmed.edu)
- Phosphodiesterase 4B is essential for lipopolysaccharide-induced CC chemokine ligand 3 production in mouse macrophages. (thefreelibrary.com)
Mammalian3
- De Castro C, Lanzetta R, Holst O, Parrilli M, Molinaro A (2012) Bacterial lipopolysaccharides in plant and mammalian innate immunity. (springer.com)
- Mammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding proteins (LBPs) occur mainly in extracellular fluids and promote LPS delivery to specific host cell receptors. (asm.org)
- IMPORTANCE Mammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is implicated in conveying LPS to host cells and potentiating its signaling activity. (asm.org)
Enzymology1
- In enzymology, a lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase II (EC 2.4.1.73) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + alpha-D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and lipopolysaccharide, whereas its two products are UDP and alpha-D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
Molecules3
- This work demonstrates that Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations are a family of related molecules which display heterogeneity not only at the level of the O polysaccharide, but also at the core oligosaccharide and the lipid A. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting showed that LPS from Brucella strains displayed molecular weight and antigenic heterogeneity. (nih.gov)
- Inflammatory molecules are a part of the natural structure of many bacteria, with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) being particularly toxic. (asas.org)
- Bacterial molecules called lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can alert the immune system to the presence of dangerous bacteria. (elifesciences.org)
Protein5
- Lipopolysaccharide binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene . (wikipedia.org)
- Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein has been shown to interact with CD14 , TLR2 , TLR4 and the co-receptor MD-2. (wikipedia.org)
- 1994). "Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
- A novel ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 functions as a modulator of immune response against lipopolysaccharide in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. (labome.org)
- By a series of chromatographic procedures involving precipitation by salt, gel filtration, anionic exchange, and hydroxyapatite elution, a protein--termed the lipopolysaccharide inactivator (LPS-I)--has been isolated from normal human serum. (biomedsearch.com)
Chlamydia2
- Chemical, biological, and immunochemical properties of the Chlamydia psittaci lipopolysaccharide. (cpnhelp.org)
- The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Chlamydia psittaci was extracted from yolk sac-grown elementary bodies, purified, and characterized chemically, immunochemically, and biologically. (cpnhelp.org)
Intestinal1
- This study was conducted with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglet model to determine the effects of NAC on intestinal function. (unboundmedicine.com)
Rats1
- Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administered either 1 hr before or 1 hr after E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 mg/kg, i.p.) in conscious rats inhibited the subsequent (4 hrs) rise in plasma cytokine (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α), nitrate/nitrite (NO × ), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration and lung/liver myeloperoxidase activity indicative of an anti-inflammatory effect. (wiley.com)
Bacteria1
- Lipopolysaccharide from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS) is a potent antagonist of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from pathogenic bacteria [1]. (invivogen.com)
Characterization1
- Characterization of lipopolysaccharides present in settled house dust. (cdc.gov)
Secretion1
- Lipopolysaccharides-mediated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: Involvement of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
Toll-like rec1
- Cutting edge: repurification of lipopolysaccharide eliminates signaling through both human and murine toll-like receptor 2. (invivogen.com)
Brucella1
- Lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of smooth Brucella species (rough mutants) have been shown to arise spontaneously in culture. (frontiersin.org)
Lipid2
- However, the association between catechins and lipopolysaccharides, which consist of an O side chain, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A, has not been previously investigated. (scirp.org)
- All components contained lipid group and O-polysaccharide chains that indicated their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) nature. (diva-portal.org)
METABOLISM2
- Mycobacteria synthesize unique intracellular methylglucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLP) proposed to modulate fatty acid metabolism. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The aim of this study was to assess both glycerol permeability and metabolism in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells (UDCs) as well as in untreated (CTL-DCs) versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS-DCs)-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (mdpi.com)
Humans1
- Also, a model of non-steroid and non-traumatic ON by use of a single- and low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in rabbits is useful to assess the pathogenesis of non-steroid ON in humans, and to investigate the potential value of preventive and therapeutic strategies [ 7 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
20211
- 2021. https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/753707/all/lipopolysaccharide. (tabers.com)
Antibody2
- Fluorescence antibody confocal microscopy was used to determine circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in control and CRC populations. (nature.com)
- 12. The method according to claim 11 wherein said antigenic determinant site reaction with said first antibody is comprised of the somatic region of an endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. (google.com)
Activation1
- Microglial activation and injury of dopaminergic neurons were induced by intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the effects of fucoidan treatment on animal behavior, microglial activation and survival ratio of dopaminergic neurons were investigated. (greenmedinfo.com)
Innate2
- Components of whole-cell vaccines, including lipopolysaccharides and internal proteins, were important in signaling the innate immune system to shape a more robust response. (thefreedictionary.com)
- De Castro C, Parrilli M, Holst O, Molinaro A (2010) Microbe-associated molecular patterns in innate immunity: extraction and chemical analysis of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides. (springer.com)
Sepsis1
- HS and ventilation) and by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, e.g., lipopolysaccharide [LPS] in sepsis). (biomedsearch.com)
Proteins2
- The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in preimplantation embryonic development and uterine receptivity during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pregnancy loss. (bioone.org)
- A previous study indicated that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae bind two low-molecular-mass proteins, of approximately 10 and 11 kDa, present in porcine respiratory tract secretions (M. Bélanger, D. Dubreuil, and M. Jacques, Infect. (asm.org)
Journal of Immunol1
- Gene expression of osteoclast differentiation factor is induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse osteoblasts via toll-like receptors," The Journal of Immunology , vol. 166, no. 5, pp. 3574-3579, 2001. (hindawi.com)
Injection1
- The injection of lipopolysaccharides significantly increased the average size of bone marrow fat cells as compared to the negative controls, and such increase was significantly and markedly reduced with D-003. (ijpsonline.com)
Apoptosis2
Salmonella1
- M. Yoshii, A. Okamoto and M. Ohta, "Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutants of Salmonella enterica Have Increased Sensitivity to Catechins," Advances in Microbiology , Vol. 3 No. 5, 2013, pp. 399-402. (scirp.org)
Actinobacillus2
- Involvement of prostaglandin E 2 and interleukin-1 α in the differentiation and survival of osteoclasts induced by lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4," Journal of Periodontal Research , vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 509-516, 1998. (hindawi.com)
- Lipopolysaccharides of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae bind pig hemoglobin. (asm.org)
Interactions1
- In this paper, the interactions of a focused library of lysine-spermine conjugates with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been characterized. (nih.gov)
Cell3
- Ruiz, N., Kahne, D. & Silhavy, T. J. Transport of lipopolysaccharide across the cell envelope: the long road of discovery. (nature.com)
- peregrina seed extract, which might be used as a natural drug for treatment of inflammatory-related disease, on NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1[beta] production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cell line J774A.1. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Lipopolysaccharide enhances Fc?RI-mediated mast cell degranulation by increasing Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels: implications for lipopolysaccharide exacerbating allergic asthma. (labome.org)