AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Lipid PeroxidationLipidsLipid PeroxidesMalondialdehydeThiobarbituric Acid Reactive SubstancesAldehydesAntioxidantsLipid MetabolismOxidative StressThiobarbituratesVitamin ELipid AGlutathionePeroxidesFree RadicalsGlutathione PeroxidaseEthaneSuperoxide DismutaseCatalaseAscorbic AcidLipid BilayersOxidation-ReductionFree Radical ScavengersF2-IsoprostanesLiverPregnatrienesIsoprostanesRats, WistarReactive Oxygen SpeciesPlant ExtractsFerrous CompoundsPhospholipidsHydroxyl RadicalHydrogen PeroxideGlutathione ReductaseMicrosomes, LiverButylated Hydroxytoluenetert-Butylhydroperoxidealpha-TocopherolFatty Acids, UnsaturatedProtein CarbonylationIronAcroleinDeferoxamineVitamin E DeficiencyFatty AcidsOxidantsCholesterolDinoprostBromobenzenesLipoproteins, LDLLinoleic AcidsRats, Sprague-DawleyCarbon TetrachloridePicratesFerric CompoundsLiposomesAmidinesProbucolHydroxidesRats, Inbred StrainsPhosphatidylcholinesPentanesLinoleic AcidCarbon Tetrachloride PoisoningBromotrichloromethaneProtective AgentsXanthine OxidaseMembrane FluidityGlutathione TransferaseErythrocytesCopperLipoxygenasePhenylenediaminesTriglyceridesOxygenDitiocarbNitrilotriacetic AcidChromatography, High Pressure LiquidDiquatDose-Response Relationship, DrugPhenolsNADPSuperoxidesTime FactorsL-Lactate DehydrogenaseMembrane LipidsPhytotherapySulfhydryl CompoundsBenzene DerivativesMalonatesBiological MarkersGlutathione DisulfideKineticsIron Chelating AgentsUbiquinoneCell MembranePeroxidasebeta CaroteneDisease Models, Animal
Lipid Peroxidation
Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Lipid Peroxides
Peroxides produced in the presence of a free radical by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell in the presence of molecular oxygen. The formation of lipid peroxides results in the destruction of the original lipid leading to the loss of integrity of the membranes. They therefore cause a variety of toxic effects in vivo and their formation is considered a pathological process in biological systems. Their formation can be inhibited by antioxidants, such as vitamin E, structural separation or low oxygen tension.
Malondialdehyde
The dialdehyde of malonic acid.
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
Low-molecular-weight end products, probably malondialdehyde, that are formed during the decomposition of lipid peroxidation products. These compounds react with thiobarbituric acid to form a fluorescent red adduct.
Aldehydes
Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Lipid Metabolism
Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Thiobarbiturates
Compounds in which one or more of the ketone groups on the pyrimidine ring of barbituric acid are replaced by thione groups.
Vitamin E
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
Lipid A
Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.
Glutathione
A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
Peroxides
A group of compounds that contain a bivalent O-O group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. They can either be inorganic or organic in nature. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and initiators of polymerization. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Free Radicals
Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
Glutathione Peroxidase
An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. EC 1.11.1.9.
Ethane
Superoxide Dismutase
An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.
Catalase
An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Lipid Bilayers
Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Free Radical Scavengers
Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.
F2-Isoprostanes
Isoprostanes derived from the free radical oxidation of ARACHIDONIC ACID. Although similar in structure to enzymatically synthesized prostaglandin F2alpha (DINOPROST), they occur through non-enzymatic oxidation of cell membrane lipids.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Pregnatrienes
Pregnane derivatives containing three double bonds in the ring structures.
Isoprostanes
A series of prostaglandin-like compounds that are produced by the attack of free-radical species on unsaturated fatty acids, especially ARACHIDONIC ACID, of cellular MEMBRANES. Once cleaved from the lipid membrane by the action of phospholipases they can circulate into various bodily fluids and eventually be excreted. Although these compounds resemble enzymatically synthesized prostaglandins their stereoisometric arrangement is usually different than the "naturally occurring" compounds.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Plant Extracts
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Ferrous Compounds
Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Hydroxyl Radical
The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.
Hydrogen Peroxide
A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
Glutathione Reductase
Catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTATHIONE to GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE in the presence of NADP+. Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.2.
Microsomes, Liver
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.
tert-Butylhydroperoxide
A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.
alpha-Tocopherol
A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
Protein Carbonylation
The appearance of carbonyl groups (such as aldehyde or ketone groups) in PROTEINS as the result of several oxidative modification reactions. It is a standard marker for OXIDATIVE STRESS. Carbonylated proteins tend to be more hydrophobic and resistant to proteolysis.
Iron
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Acrolein
Deferoxamine
Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.
Vitamin E Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN E in the diet, characterized by posterior column and spinocerebellar tract abnormalities, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and disturbances of gait, proprioception, and vibration. In premature infants vitamin E deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increasing risk of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An apparent inborn error of vitamin E metabolism, named familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, has recently been identified. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1181)
Fatty Acids
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Oxidants
Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).
Cholesterol
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Dinoprost
A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.
Bromobenzenes
Derivatives of benzene in which one or more hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are replaced by bromine atoms.
Lipoproteins, LDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.
Linoleic Acids
Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Carbon Tetrachloride
A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
Picrates
Ferric Compounds
Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.
Liposomes
Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.
Amidines
Probucol
A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).
Hydroxides
Inorganic compounds that contain the OH- group.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Phosphatidylcholines
Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.
Pentanes
Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.
Linoleic Acid
A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Bromotrichloromethane
A potent liver poison. In rats, bromotrichloromethane produces about three times the degree of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation as does carbon tetrachloride.
Protective Agents
Synthetic or natural substances which are given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.
Xanthine Oxidase
An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria.
Membrane Fluidity
The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.
Glutathione Transferase
A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
Copper
A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
Lipoxygenase
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class primarily found in PLANTS. It catalyzes reactions between linoleate and other fatty acids and oxygen to form hydroperoxy-fatty acid derivatives.
Phenylenediamines
Triglycerides
Oxygen
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Ditiocarb
A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Diquat
A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Phenols
Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Superoxides
Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.
Membrane Lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
Phytotherapy
Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.
Sulfhydryl Compounds
Compounds containing the -SH radical.
Benzene Derivatives
Malonates
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Glutathione Disulfide
A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Iron Chelating Agents
Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination links with an iron ion. Once coordination has occurred, the complex formed is called a chelate. The iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin is an example of a metal chelate found in biological systems.
Ubiquinone
A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Peroxidase
A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.
beta Carotene
A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Erythrocyte Membrane
The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Deoxyguanosine
A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
Carotenoids
The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.
Phenylhydrazines
Diazo derivatives of aniline, used as a reagent for sugars, ketones, and aldehydes. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1
An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.
Cyclic N-Oxides
Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen is attached to a cyclic nitrogen.
Membrane Microdomains
Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.
Selenium
An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Diet
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Docosahexaenoic Acids
C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Metmyoglobin
Myoglobin which is in the oxidized ferric or hemin form. The oxidation causes a change in color from red to brown.
Polyphenols
A large class of organic compounds having more than one PHENOL group.
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Tocopherols
A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.
Plant Oils
Oils derived from plants or plant products.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.
Dietary Fats
Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.
Peroxidases
Chromans
Benzopyrans saturated in the 2 and 3 positions.
Copper Sulfate
A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Paraquat
A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.
Random Allocation
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Quercetin
A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.
Deoxyribose
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.
Edetic Acid
A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
Thioctic Acid
An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.
Acetylcysteine
The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.
NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase
A flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of heme-thiolate-dependent monooxygenases and is part of the microsomal hydroxylating system. EC 1.6.2.4.
DNA Adducts
The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Microsomes
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Flavonoids
A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.
Melatonin
A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.
Arachidonic Acid
An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Maleates
Rutin
A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Lipoproteins
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Biphenyl Compounds
Oxygen Consumption
The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)
Sonchus
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Sesquiterpene lactone glucosides (SESQUITERPENES) have been found in it.
Anserine
Fish Oils
Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the LIVER. Those from the liver are usually high in VITAMIN A. The oils are used as DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. They are also used in soaps and detergents and as protective coatings.
Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 15-hydroperoxyarachidonate (15-HPETE) which is rapidly converted to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoate (15-HETE). The 15-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in NEUTROPHILS and LYMPHOCYTES.
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.
Endrin
An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Ceruloplasmin
Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Barbiturates
A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.
Phyllanthus emblica
A plant species of the family EUPHORBIACEAE.
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.
Dietary Supplements
Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.
Singlet Oxygen
An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.
Cephaloridine
A cephalosporin antibiotic.
Cardiolipins
Acidic phospholipids composed of two molecules of phosphatidic acid covalently linked to a molecule of glycerol. They occur primarily in mitochondrial inner membranes and in bacterial plasma membranes. They are the main antigenic components of the Wassermann-type antigen that is used in nontreponemal SYPHILIS SERODIAGNOSIS.
Cholesterol, LDL
Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.
Alanine Transaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.
Neuroprotective Agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Chelating Agents
Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS.
Nitrates
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Egg Yolk
Cytoplasm stored in an egg that contains nutritional reserves for the developing embryo. It is rich in polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins.
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Methemoglobin
Spin Labels
Molecules which contain an atom or a group of atoms exhibiting an unpaired electron spin that can be detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and can be bonded to another molecule. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Aryldialkylphosphatase
An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl-dialkyl phosphate to form dialkyl phosphate and an aryl alcohol. It can hydrolyze a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. It may also mediate an enzymatic protection of LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to ATHEROMA formation. The enzyme was previously regarded to be identical with Arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2).
Mangifera
A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE best known for the edible fruit.
Spermatozoa
Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.
Azo Compounds
Goats
Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.
Catechin
An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
Blood Glucose
Glucose in blood.
Osmotic Fragility
RED BLOOD CELL sensitivity to change in OSMOTIC PRESSURE. When exposed to a hypotonic concentration of sodium in a solution, red cells take in more water, swell until the capacity of the cell membrane is exceeded, and burst.
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors
Compounds that bind to and inhibit that enzymatic activity of LIPOXYGENASES. Included under this category are inhibitors that are specific for lipoxygenase subtypes and act to reduce the production of LEUKOTRIENES.
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Radiation-Protective Agents
Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.
Membranes, Artificial
Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Diphenylhexatriene
A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.

Inhibition of doxorubicin toxicity in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes with elevated metallothionein levels. (1/5095)

Controversial results have been reported regarding whether metallothionein (MT) functions in doxorubicin (DOX) detoxification in the heart. To determine unequivocally the role of MT in cardiac protection against the toxicity of DOX, ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from 1- to 3-day neonatal transgenic mice with high levels of cardiac MT and from nontransgenic control animals were applied. On the 6th day of culturing, MT concentrations in the transgenic cardiomyocytes were about 2-fold higher than those in the nontransgenic cells. DOX was added directly into the cultures. Compared with nontransgenic controls, transgenic cardiomyocytes displayed a significant (p <.05) resistance to DOX cytotoxicity, as measured by morphological alterations, cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage from the cells. This cytoprotective effect of MT correlated with its inhibition of DOX-induced lipid peroxidation. These observations demonstrate unequivocally that elevation of MT concentrations in the cardiomyocytes of 2-fold higher than normal provides efficient protection against DOX toxicity.  (+info)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (2/5095)

Oxidative stress is considered a cause or propagator of acute and chronic disorders of the central nervous system. Novel 2, 4-diamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines are potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, are cytoprotective in cell culture models of oxidative injury, and are neuroprotective in brain injury and ischemia models. The selection of lead candidates from this series required that they reach target cells deep within brain tissue in efficacious amounts after oral dosing. A homologous series of 26 highly lipophilic pyrrolopyrimidines was examined using cultured cell monolayers to understand the structure-permeability relationship and to use this information to predict brain penetration and residence time. Pyrrolopyrimidines were shown to be a more permeable structural class of membrane-interactive antioxidants where transepithelial permeability was inversely related to lipophilicity or to cell partitioning. Pyrrole substitutions influence cell partitioning where bulky hydrophobic groups increased partitioning and decreased permeability and smaller hydrophobic groups and more hydrophilic groups, especially those capable of weak hydrogen bonding, decreased partitioning, and increased permeability. Transmonolayer diffusion for these membrane-interactive antioxidants was limited mostly by desorption from the receiver-side membrane into the buffer. Thus, in this case, these in vitro cell monolayer models do not adequately mimic the in vivo situation by underestimating in vivo bioavailability of highly lipophilic compounds unless acceptors, such as serum proteins, are added to the receiving buffer.  (+info)

Altered gene expression and functions of mitochondria in human nephrotic syndrome. (3/5095)

The molecular basis of glomerular permselectivity remains largely unknown. The congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF) characterized by massive proteinuria already present but without extrarenal symptoms is a unique human disease model of pure proteinuria. In search of genes and pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with proteinuria, we used differential display-PCR to identify differences in gene expression between glomeruli from CNF and control kidneys. A distinctly underexpressed PCR product of the CNF kidneys showed over 98% identity with a mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase (COX I). Using a full-length COX I cDNA probe, we verified down-regulation of COX I mRNA to 1/4 of normal kidney values on Northern blots. In addition, transcripts of other mitochondrially encoded respiratory chain complexes showed a similar down-regulation whereas the respective nuclearly encoded complexes were expressed at comparable levels. Additional studies using histochemical, immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, and biochemical and electron microscopic methods all showed a mitochondrial involvement in the diseased kidneys but not in extrarenal blood vessels. As a secondary sign of mitochondrial dysfunction, excess lipid peroxidation products were found in glomerular structures in CNF samples. Our data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the kidneys of patients with CNF, with subsequent lipid peroxidation at the glomerular basement membrane. Our additional studies have revealed similar down-regulation of mitochondrial functions in experimental models of proteinuria. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction may be a crucial pathophysiologic factor in this symptom.  (+info)

Age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in the small intestine and liver from Wistar rats. (4/5095)

The present study was designed to determine age-related changes in intestinal and hepatic antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation in male Wistar rats (n = 8) aged 2 wk, 2.5 mon, 5 mon, 10 mon, and 23 mon. In the small intestine, cytosolic SOD, GSH-PX activities and lipid peroxidation were not affected by age, but intestinal GST activity was noticeably enhanced as age increased. In particular, intestinal GST activity in 23 mon old rats was 3 times as strong as that in 2 wk old rats. In the liver, the activity of hepatic cytosolic SOD was not affected by age, whereas GSH-PX and GST activities in rats aged 10 mon and 23 mon were much stronger than those in rats aged 2 wk, 2.5 mon, and 5 mon. The increased lipid peroxidation in 2.5 mon and 5 mon old rats was observed when compared with that of other groups. It is therefore concluded from the results presented here that age greatly increases GST activity in the small intestinal mucosae and increasing GSH-PX, GST activities and lipid peroxidation in the liver from male Wistar rats.  (+info)

Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on GSH and NAD(P)-redox status, lipid peroxidation, and energy metabolism in diabetic precataractous lens. (5/5095)

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in glutathione and NAD(P)-redox status, taurine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glucose utilization, and energy metabolism in diabetic precataractous lenses and to assess whether these changes can be prevented with dietary taurine supplementation. METHODS: The experimental groups included control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats with a 3-week duration of diabetes fed unsupplemented or taurine (1% or 5%)-supplemented diets. The levels of glucose, sorbitol, fructose, myo-inositol, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glycolytic intermediates, malate, alpha-glycerophosphate, and adenine nucleotides were assayed in individual lenses spectrofluorometrically by enzymatic methods, reduced glutathione (GSH) spectrofluorometrically with O-phthaldialdehyde, MDA colorimetrically with N-methyl-2-phenylindole, and taurine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Free cytosolic NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios were calculated from the lactate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme systems. RESULTS: Sorbitol pathway metabolites and MDA were increased, and GSH and taurine levels were reduced in diabetic rats versus controls. The profile of glycolytic intermediates (an increase in glucose 6-phosphate, no change in fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate, an increase in dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a decrease in 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate, and no change in lactate), and a 9.2-fold increase in alpha-glycerophosphate suggest diabetes-induced inhibition of glycolysis. Free cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratios, ATP levels, ATP/ADP, and adenylate charge were reduced, whereas free cytosolic NADP+/NADPH ratios were elevated. Lens taurine levels in diabetic rats were not affected by supplementation with 1% taurine. With 5% taurine supplementation, they were increased approximately 2.2-fold higher than those in untreated diabetics but remained 3.4-fold lower than in controls. Lens GSH levels were similar in diabetic rats fed unsupplemented and 5% taurine-supplemented diets, whereas GSSG and MDA levels and GSSG/GSH ratios were reduced by 5% taurine supplementation. The decrease in free cytosolic NAD+/NADH, ATP/ADP, and adenylate energy charge were ameliorated by 5% taurine supplementation, whereas accumulation of sorbitol pathway intermediates, depletion of myoinositol, inhibition of glycolysis, a decrease in ATP and total adenine nucleotide, and an increase in free cytosolic NADP+/NADPH were not prevented. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary taurine supplementation ameliorates MDA levels, GSSG/GSH, and NAD+/NADH and fails to prevent the osmotically mediated depletion of GSH and taurine and the decrease in glucose utilization and ATP levels in diabetic precataractous lens. Dietary taurine supplementation cannot be regarded as an alternative to aldose reductase inhibition in eliminating antioxidant and metabolic deficits contributing to diabetes-associated cataractogenesis.  (+info)

Fish oil constituent docosahexa-enoic acid selectively inhibits growth of human papillomavirus immortalized keratinocytes. (6/5095)

The omega-3-fatty acids inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells whereas omega-6-fatty acids stimulate growth. In this study, we examined effects of these fatty acids on human pre-cancerous cells. Cervical keratinocytes, immortalized with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16, were treated with linoleic acid, an omega-6-fatty acid, and the omega-3-fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Using both cell counts and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, docosahexaenoic acid inhibited growth of these cells to a greater extent than eicosapenta-enoic acid. Linoleic acid had no effect. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid was dose dependent and caused growth arrest. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibited growth of HPV16 immortalized foreskin keratinocytes and laryngeal keratinocytes grown from explants of benign tumors caused by papillomavirus, but had no effect on normal foreskin and laryngeal keratinocytes. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibited growth in the presence of estradiol, a growth stimulator for these cells. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor like docosahexaenoic acid, had only minimal effect on growth. Alpha-tocopherol, a peroxidation inhibitor, abrogated effects of docosahexaenoic acid implying that inhibitory effects were via lipid peroxidation.  (+info)

Reduction of serum cholesterol and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits by secoisolariciresinol diglucoside isolated from flaxseed. (7/5095)

BACKGROUND: Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a plant lignan isolated from flaxseed. Lignans are platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonists that would inhibit the production of oxygen radicals by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. SDG is an antioxidant. Antioxidants studied thus far are known to reduce hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of SDG on various blood lipid and aortic tissue oxidative stress parameters and on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rabbits were assigned to 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, SDG control (15 mg. kg body wt-1. d-1 PO); group 3, 1% cholesterol diet; and group 4, same as group 3 but with added SDG (15 mg. kg body wt-1. d-1 PO). Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and after 4 and 8 weeks of experimental diets for measurement of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C). The aorta was removed at the end of the protocol for assessment of atherosclerotic plaques; malondialdehyde, an aortic tissue lipid peroxidation product; and aortic tissue chemiluminescence, a marker for antioxidant reserve. Serum TC, LDL-C, and the ratios LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C increased in groups 3 and 4 compared with time 0, the increase being smaller in group 4 than in group 3. Serum HDL-C decreased in group 3 and increased in group 4 compared with time 0, but changes were lower in group 3 than in group 4. SDG reduced TC and LDL-C by 33% and 35%, respectively, at week 8 but increased HDL-C significantly, by>140%, as early as week 4. It also decreased TC/LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios by approximately 64%. There was an increase in aortic malondialdehyde and chemiluminescence in group 3, and they were lower in group 4 than in group 3. SDG reduced hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by 73%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that SDG reduced hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis and that this effect was associated with a decrease in serum cholesterol, LDL-C, and lipid peroxidation product and an increase in HDL-C and antioxidant reserve.  (+info)

SAG, a novel zinc RING finger protein that protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents. (8/5095)

SAG (sensitive to apoptosis gene) was cloned as an inducible gene by 1,10-phenanthroline (OP), a redox-sensitive compound and an apoptosis inducer. SAG encodes a novel zinc RING finger protein that consists of 113 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 12.6 kDa. SAG is highly conserved during evolution, with identities of 70% between human and Caenorhabditis elegans sequences and 55% between human and yeast sequences. In human tissues, SAG is ubiquitously expressed at high levels in skeletal muscles, heart, and testis. SAG is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells, and its gene was mapped to chromosome 3q22-24. Bacterially expressed and purified human SAG binds to zinc and copper metal ions and prevents lipid peroxidation induced by copper or a free radical generator. When overexpressed in several human cell lines, SAG protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents (the metal chelator OP and zinc or copper metal ions). Mechanistically, SAG appears to inhibit and/or delay metal ion-induced cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Thus, SAG is a cellular protective molecule that appears to act as an antioxidant to inhibit apoptosis induced by metal ions and reactive oxygen species.  (+info)

AID 724354 - Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced linoleic acid lipid peroxidation at 100 uM by...AID 724354 - Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced linoleic acid lipid peroxidation at 100 uM by...
BioAssay record AID 724354 submitted by ChEMBL: Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced linoleic acid lipid peroxidation at 100 uM by spectrophotometric analysis.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/724354
AID 1083347 - Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation at 1 X 10-4 M - PubChemAID 1083347 - Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation at 1 X 10-4 M - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 1083347 submitted by ChEMBL: Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation at 1 X 10-4 M.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1083347
Superoxide activates uncoupling proteins by generating carbon-centered radicals and initiating lipid peroxidation: studies...
Although the physiological role of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) 2 and 3 is uncertain, their activation by superoxide and by lipid peroxidation products suggest that UCPs are central to the mitochondrial response to reactive oxygen species. We examined whether superoxide and lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal act independently to activate UCPs, or if they share a common pathway, perhaps by superoxide exposure leading to the formation of lipid peroxidation products. This possibility can be tested by blocking the putative reactive oxygen species cascade with selective antioxidants and then reactivating UCPs with distal cascade components. We synthesized a mitochondria-targeted derivative of the spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone, which reacts rapidly with carbon-centered radicals but is unreactive with superoxide and lipid peroxidation products. [4-[4-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-oxidoimino]methyl]phenoxy]butyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide (MitoPBN) prevented the ...
http://www.mrc-mbu.cam.ac.uk/publications/695/superoxide-activates-uncoupling-proteins-generating-carbon-centered-radicals-and
Lipid peroxidation in cardiac surgery: Towards consensus on biomonitoring, diagnostic tools and therapeutic implementation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Lipid peroxidation in cardiac surgery. T2 - Towards consensus on biomonitoring, diagnostic tools and therapeutic implementation. AU - Romano, Rosalba. AU - Cristescu, Simona M.. AU - Risby, Terence H. AU - Marczin, Nandor. PY - 2018/4/1. Y1 - 2018/4/1. N2 - This review focuses on oxidative stress and more specifically lipid peroxidation in cardiac surgery, one of the fundamental theories of perioperative complications. We present the molecular pathways leading to lipid peroxidation and integrate analytical methods that allow detection of lipid peroxidation markers in the fluid phase with those focusing on volatile compounds in exhaled breath. In order to explore the accumulated data in the literature, we present a systematic review of quantitative analysis of malondialdehyde, a widely used lipid peroxidation product at various stages of cardiac surgery. This exploration reveals major limitations of existing studies in terms of variability of reported values and significant gaps ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/lipid-peroxidation-in-cardiac-surgery-towards-consensus-on-biomon
Lipid peroxidation processes in spleen after chronic action of radiationLipid peroxidation processes in spleen after chronic action of radiation
Abstract: Сhronic g-radiation (1 - 16 sGr/day) of mice there is the increase of antioxidant activity and the decrease of lipid peroxidation. The wasa correlation between investigated parameters and the dose of irradiation. The results suggest, that chronic g-radiation causes damage of processes in spleen of CBA mice accompanied by subseguent augmentation of reparative processess ...
http://pbmc.ibmc.msk.ru/index.php/en/article/PBMC-2003-49-3-263-en
Similar papers for An inter-laboratory validation of methods of lipid peroxidation measurement in UVA-treated human plasma...Similar papers for An inter-laboratory validation of methods of lipid peroxidation measurement in UVA-treated human plasma...
Lipid peroxidation products like malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and F(2)-isoprostanes are widely used as markers of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. This study reports the results of a multi-laboratory validation study by COST Action B35 to assess inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory variation in the measurement of lipid peroxidation. Human plasma samples were exposed to UVA irradiation at different doses (0, 15 J, 20 J), encoded and shipped to 15 laboratories, where analyses of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and isoprostanes were conducted. The results demonstrate a low within-day-variation and a good correlation of results observed on two different days. However, high coefficients of variation were observed between the laboratories. Malondialdehyde determined by HPLC was found to be the most sensitive and reproducible lipid peroxidation product in plasma upon UVA treatment. It is concluded that measurement of malondialdehyde by HPLC has good analytical validity for inter-laboratory
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-inter-laboratory-validation-of-methods-of-lipid-Breusing-Grune/ac583fbbdbfffc3c8ada1e77a2ea5fb7b6d70810?tab=relatedPapers
Effect of ferritin-containing fractions with different iron loading on lipid peroxidation | Biochemical JournalEffect of ferritin-containing fractions with different iron loading on lipid peroxidation | Biochemical Journal
Ferritin-containing fractions with different degrees of iron loading were prepared. All ferritin fractions stimulated the peroxidation of bovine brain phospholipid liposomes, as measured by the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive material. This stimulation was increased in the presence of ascorbate. Iron salts of equivalent concentration to those of the ferritin fractions were more stimulatory to lipid peroxidation at the higher iron concentrations. None of the fractions inhibited ascorbate-dependent peroxidation in the presence of added iron salts. ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/209/2/557
Oxidative stress and human spermatozoa: diagnostic and functional significance of aldehydes generated as a result of lipid...Oxidative stress and human spermatozoa: diagnostic and functional significance of aldehydes generated as a result of lipid...
Oxidative stress is known to compromise human sperm function and to activate the intrinsic apoptotic cascade in these cells.One of the key features of oxidatively stressed spermatozoa is the induction of a lipid peroxidation process that results in the formation of aldehydes potentially capable of disrupting sperm function through the formation of adducts with DNA and key proteins. In this study, we have examined the impact of a range of small molecular mass aldehydes generated as a consequence of lipid peroxidation on human sperm function and also compared the two most commonly formed compounds, 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), for their relative ability to reflect a state of oxidative stress in these cells. Dramatic differences in the bioactivity of individual aldehydes were observed, that generally correlated with the second order rate constants describing their interaction with the model nucleophile, glutathione. Our results demonstrate that acrolein and 4HNE were the most ...
https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/%20/manager/Repository/uon:28012
Parinaric acid as a sensitive fluorescent probe for the determination of lipid peroxidationParinaric acid as a sensitive fluorescent probe for the determination of lipid peroxidation
The decrease in fluorescence of conjugated polyenic acyl chains is used as a sensitive assay for lipid peroxidation. The fatty acid cis-trans-trans-cis-9,11,13,15-octadecatetraenoic acid (cis-parinaric acid) is introduced into liposomal membranes as free fatty acid or, by using the PC specific transfer protein from bovine liver, as 1-palmitoyl-2-cis-parinaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The peroxidation process ... read more as monitored by the decrease in fluorescence intensity is compared with other peroxidation assay systems. Applications of the new assay system are discussed. show less ...
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/16402
Lipid Peroxidation Unit | National Institute on AgingLipid Peroxidation Unit | National Institute on Aging
Christopher Ramsden, M.D., Chief The central theme of the Lipid Peroxidation Unit (LPU) is to delineate the roles of lipid peroxidation and lipid-related degeneration in age-related diseases, with an emphasis on chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases. Background Lipid peroxidation is a hallmark of aging and many of the most consequential age-related diseases, including chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases. Research Objectives
https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/labs/lci/lipid-peroxidation-unit
Plus itPlus it
Erythrocytes of diabetic patients have abnormal membrane properties. We examined in vivo membrane lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of diabetic subjects and its possible relationship with hyperglycemia. Lipid peroxidation was assessed in fresh, untreated erythrocytes by quantitating thiobarbituric acid reactivity and an adduct of phospholipids and malonyldialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, with thin-layer chromatography of lipid extract of diabetic erythrocytes. There was a significantly increased membrane lipid peroxidation in diabetic erythrocytes compared with nondiabetic erythrocytes. The degree of membrane lipid peroxidative damage in erythrocytes was significantly correlated with the level of glycosylated hemoglobin, an index of mean glucose level for the preceding 3-4mo. This suggests that peroxidation of membrane lipids and accumulation of MDA occurs in erythrocytes of diabetic patients.. ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/12/1539
Oxidative stress and the development of diabetic complications--antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and cell...Oxidative stress and the development of diabetic complications--antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and cell...
Erythrocytes isolated from 131 cases of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) were studied for lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defences, and the maximum peroxidisable substrate in the cell membrane. Antioxidant defences are lowered in NIDDM, followed by significant rise in lipid peroxidation products. However, in the erythrocyte membrane, the total polyunsaturated peroxidisable lipids are lower than in normal erythrocytes which may be a causative factor affecting the survival of the cells. ...
http://mdrf-eprints.in/298/
In vitro anti-oxidant and DNA protective effects of the novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor...In vitro anti-oxidant and DNA protective effects of the novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor...
1. Free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and changes in protein and nucleic acid structures can result in various human ailments, including ageing, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. High body fat or dietary fat further enhances the free radical-mediated pathogenesis of various diseases. 2. In the present study, the in vitro anti-oxidant and DNA protective effects of the novel cardiovascular drug rosuvastatin were evaluated. Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated on the basis of inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging of superoxide radical and the reduction of ferric ions (Fe(3+)). Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was determined using Fentons reaction-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and brain homogenates and liver mitochondria. Superoxide radical-scavenging activity was evaluated by scavenging of the superoxide anion generated by photo illumination of riboflavin and Fe(3+)-reducing activity was determined by the ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assay. DNA protection was
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/In-vitro-anti-oxidant-and-DNA-protective-effects-o-Ajith-Riji/19cac427b5e6edc69e7b7d76535429880e100faf
2016 - 20182016 - 2018
Retrotope and collaborators led by Dr. Marie-Francoise Chesselet, the Charles H. Markham Professor of Neurology, and Interim Chair of the Department of Neurology at UCLA, have published a paper demonstrating that the Companys D-PUFA drug candidate, RT001, reduces cognition deficits in a preclinical in vivo model of Huntingtons disease, while simultaneously downregulating brain lipid peroxidation biomarkers. The paper, entitled Deuterium‐ reinforced linoleic acid lowers lipid peroxidation and mitigates cognitive impairment in the Q140 knock in mouse model of Huntingtons disease, was published in The FEBS Journal ...
https://www.retrotope.com/press-release/?year1=2016&year2=2018
Drinking carrot juice increases total antioxidant status and decreases lipid peroxidation in adults | Nutrition Journal | Full...Drinking carrot juice increases total antioxidant status and decreases lipid peroxidation in adults | Nutrition Journal | Full...
Despite a gradual decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is still the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in the United States [1]. Approximately 864,000 Americans die each year from CVD and this figure makes up 35% of the total deaths in the United States [2]. In recent years, there have been disturbing increases in the prevalence of CVD risk factors like diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome which collectively may negate the downward trends in CVD mortality [1, 3, 4].. Obesity elevates the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and CVD [5-7]. Obesity is thought to initiate a cascade of events leading to systemic inflammation and increases in circulating C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia [7]. In 1998, the American Heart Association considered obesity to be one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease [8]. Other risk factors for CVD include a higher body mass index (BMI), the marker commonly used to establish ...
https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-10-96
Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid peroxidation: its a within molec by Paul Else and Edouard KraffeDocosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid peroxidation: its a within molec by Paul Else and Edouard Kraffe
Peroxidation is a well-known natural phenomenon associated with both health and disease. We compared the peroxidation kinetics of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules with different fatty acid compositions (i.e. 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3 at the sn-2 and 16:0 at sn-1 position) either as molecules free in solution or formed into liposomes. Fatty acid levels, oxygen consumption plus lipid hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde production were measured from the same incubations, at the same time during maximal elicitable peroxidation. PCs with highly peroxidizable fatty acids (i.e. 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3) in the same incubation were found to be either fully peroxidized or intact. Rates of peroxidation of PCs with multiple bisallylic groups (i.e. 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3) peroxidized at 2-3 times the rate per bisallylic bond than the same phospholipid with 18:2n-6. The results suggest that propagation of peroxidation (H-atom transfer) is firstly an intramolecular process that is several-fold faster than
https://ro.uow.edu.au/ihmri/527/
International Journal of Cancer Management | Salivary Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in the Patients with Papillary...
The free radicals generated from the metabolic reactions in the body are removed by antioxidants. Disruption of the equilibrium between the generation and removal of free radicals leads to oxidative stress and changes in the macromolecules, such as nucleic acid, lipids, and proteins (12). Currently, mounting evidence suggests that free radicals play a pivotal role in tissue transformation into malignancy (13,14).. Human cancer is mainly developed by free radicals, causing changes in the DNA base through breaking the strands, damaging the tumor suppressor genes, and excessively expressing the proto-oncogenes (12). Although all cell components are sensitive to free radicals, lipids seem to be affected most significantly in the process. MDA is an end product of lipid peroxidation. Oxidative damage to cells and tissues may be indicated by the serum level of MDA, marking lipid peroxidation (8). Evidently, free radicals are involved in the physiological and pathological processes in the thyroid gland ...
http://intjcancermanag.com/en/articles/9941.html
Revealing 4-hydroxynonenal-histidine adducts as qualitative and quantitative biomarker of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation...Revealing 4-hydroxynonenal-histidine adducts as qualitative and quantitative biomarker of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Revealing 4-hydroxynonenal-histidine adducts as qualitative and quantitative biomarker of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and oxidative homeostasis. AU - Zarkovic, N.. AU - Zarkovic, K.. AU - Milkovic, L.. AU - Andrisic, L.. AU - Borovic, S.. AU - Waeg, G.. AU - Weber, D.. AU - Bennett, Stuart J.. AU - Griffiths, Helen R.. AU - Gune, T.. N1 - SFRR - Europe 2013 Meeting The new era of -omics in Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 23 - 25 Sep 2013, Athens, Greece.. PY - 2013/9/20. Y1 - 2013/9/20. N2 - Findings on growth regulating activities of the end-product of lipid peroxidation 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), which acts as a second messenger of free radicals, overlapped with the development of antibodies specific for the aldehyde-protein adducts. These led to qualitative immunochemical determinations of the HNE presence in various pathophysiological processes and to the change of consideration of the aldehydes bioactivities from toxicity into cell signalling.Moreover, ...
https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/publications/revealing-4-hydroxynonenal-histidine-adductsas-qualitative-and-qu
Lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidants status in hypertension in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Nigeria: a...Lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidants status in hypertension in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Nigeria: a...
Lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidants status in hypertension in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Nigeria: a comparative study., Ekeanyanwu RC, Ejiogu RN, Egbogu MC
https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/lipid-peroxidation-and-nonenzymatic-antioxidants-status-in-hypertension-in-diabetic-and-nondiabetic-patients-in-nigeria-a-comparative-study.html
Glycine propionyl-L-carnitine modulates lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjectsGlycine propionyl-L-carnitine modulates lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in human subjects
GPLC supplementation combined with eight weeks of aerobic exercise decreases lipid peroxidation and elevates nitric oxide, but does not further improve blood lipid profiles in normolipidemic subjects.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20209464/
Effects of L-arginine and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes to liver of rats with...Effects of L-arginine and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes to liver of rats with...
One of the most important reasons of liver destruction in obstructive jaundice is reactive oxygen derived compounds which are formed as a result of demolished liver circulation. In this experimental study, we investigated the effects of L-arginine and L-NAME on liver antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in rats after ductus choledochus ligation (BDL). For this purpose, fifteen rats were divided randomly into three equal groups. BDL group (n=5): bile duct ligation was performed in rats. L-Arginine group (n=5): Anaesthetized rats were given L-arginine (1 mg/kg) for 7 days after BDL. L-NAME group (n=5): Anaesthetized rats were given L-NAME (2 mg/kg) for 7 days after BDL. Liver tissue was removed in all rats under anesthesia seven days after surgical procedure. Tissue was homogenized and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide levels, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were studied in the homogenate. Liver tissue MDA level of L-arginine group was significantly ...
https://avesis.istanbulc.edu.tr/yayin/59e02fde-9a09-43ca-8a00-9c58749c5720/effects-of-l-arginine-and-n-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester-on-lipid-peroxidation-and-antioxidant-enzymes-to-liver-of-rats-with-ductus-choledochus-ligation-koledok-kanali-tikanikligi-yapilan-ratlarda-l-arjinin-ve-n-nitro-l-arjinin-metil-ester-tedavisin
Preplanting treatment influence for seeds and peroxidation peroxidation activity of peroxidase in plants wheat winter of...
Preplanting treatment influence for seeds and peroxidation peroxidation activity of peroxidase in plants wheat winter of different sorts
http://paper.researchbib.com/view/paper/17977
Ewa Sewerynek - NeL.eduEwa Sewerynek - NeL.edu
Wiktorska J, Lewinski A, Stuss M, Nowak D, Pietras T, Sewerynek E. Effects of certain antioxidants on lipid peroxidation process in lung homogenates of L thyroxine-receiving rats. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2010 Jan; 31(1): 137-146 ...
http://www.nel.edu/sewerynek-10350/
Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme status in type 2 diabetic patientsEffect of omega-3 fatty acids on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme status in type 2 diabetic patients
Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids has beneficial effects on serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes, which may lead to decreased rate of occurrence of vascular complications in diabetes.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11938024/
DNA Damage Induced by Lipid Peroxidation.--《PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS》1994年03期DNA Damage Induced by Lipid Peroxidation.--《PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS》1994年03期
ipid peroxidation may lead to base modifica-tion,DNA strand breaks and formation of var-ious fluorescent products in model systems.bacteria and eucaryotic cells.and the selectivedestruction of the base guanine in DNA.Thetransient metal ions can intensify the DNAdamage obviously.Antioxidants and free radi-cal scavagers have the protective effect of vary-ing degrees for DNA damage induced by lipidperoxidation.8-Hydroxyguanine.which isstrongly implicated in mutagenesis and carcino-genesis. has been observed.The molecularmechanism of mutagenesis and carcinogenesisinduced by lipid peroxidation aroused greatconcerns in the field of free radical biology.
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SHSW403.007.htm
Free radical-induced endothelial membrane dysfunction at the site of the brain barrier: relationship between lipid peroxidation...
Free radical-induced endothelial membrane dysfunction at the site of the brain barrier: relationship between lipid peroxidation, Na, K-ATPase activity and Cr 51 release
http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=8253d76e-7b43-42d3-a29f-ecd825acd455
Effect of a high fat meal on lipid peroxidation products | Biochemical Society TransactionsEffect of a high fat meal on lipid peroxidation products | Biochemical Society Transactions
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Biochemical Society Transactions.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/23/2/246S
KoreaMed SynapseKoreaMed Synapse
Aβ is considered to be one of the most important pathological mechanisms to induce the development of AD and has been reported to affect mitochondrial function, NMDAR endocytosis, excessive calcium influx, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction, neuronalstress, and apoptosis.22232425 In addition, several studies suggested that Aβ had a strong correlation with oxidative stress.2627 Recent studies have reported that candesartan has potent antioxidant properties that may ameliorate oxidative stress.2829 Candesartan has been proven to decrease ROS production and enhance the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, Nishida et al.30 reported that candesartan may improve renal functions, possibly through its effect on lipid peroxidation. Also, Luo et al.31 suggested that treatment with antioxidant agents that affect the rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) may resolve the imbalance of renal RAS created by oxidative stress. This suggestion is in agreement with the ...
https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1120149
Pomegranate | Health Benefits and Uses of PomegranatePomegranate | Health Benefits and Uses of Pomegranate
Pomegranate extract has lipophilic antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capability. Pomegranate extract inhibits lipid peroxidation at lower concentrations than vitamin E.
http://www.xtend-life.com/information/ingredients/pomegranate
Oral and Intraperitoneal Administration of Quercetin Decreased Lymphocyte DNA Damage and Plasma Lipid Peroxidation Induced by...Oral and Intraperitoneal Administration of Quercetin Decreased Lymphocyte DNA Damage and Plasma Lipid Peroxidation Induced by...
BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in life sciences and medicine. The journal is divided into 55 subject-specific sections.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/580626/
Nuclear oxidation of a major peroxidation DNA adduct, M1dG, in the Genome. | Marnett Research LaboratoryNuclear oxidation of a major peroxidation DNA adduct, M1dG, in the Genome. | Marnett Research Laboratory
Chronic inflammation results in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can oxidize cellular molecules including lipids and DNA. Our laboratory has shown that 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) is the most abundant DNA adduct formed from the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, or the DNA peroxidation product, base propenal. M1dG is mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells and is repaired via the nucleotide excision repair system. Here, we report that M1dG levels in intact DNA were increased from basal levels of 1 adduct per 108 nucleotides to 2 adducts per 106 nucleotides following adenine propenal treatment of RKO, HEK293 or HepG2 cells. We also found that M1dG in genomic DNA was oxidized in a time-dependent fashion to a single product, 6-oxo-M1dG, (to ~ 5 adducts per 107 nucleotides) and that this oxidation correlated with a decline in M1dG levels. Investigations in RAW264.7 macrophages indicate the presence of high ...
https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/marnett-lab/publication/nuclear-oxidation-major-peroxidation-dna-adduct-m1dg-genome
Abstract 11714: The Importance of Lipid Peroxidation in TLR4 Activation by Fatty Acids in Endothelial Cells | CirculationAbstract 11714: The Importance of Lipid Peroxidation in TLR4 Activation by Fatty Acids in Endothelial Cells | Circulation
Background: Fatty acid (FA) is known as adipocytokine which enhances various functions like insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and glyconeogenesis in liver. We reported that acute systemic administration of FA causes endothelial dysfunction. But the details of the mechanism remained unclear. Based on recent reports that FA works as a ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), we examined FAs effect on the TLR4-NFκB pathway in endothelial cells (ECs) and found out that peroxidation of FA plays an essential role.. Methods: Phosphatidylcholine vesicles were used as carriers of FA (palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and 1:1 mixture of PA and OA). FA vesicles, no FA vesicles (control), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, positive control) were loaded to cultured ECs for 1 hour. The effect of peroxidation was examined by repeating some experiments on the same sample after a certain interval of time. Peroxidation of lipid was evaluated by the concentration of malondialdehyde ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/124/Suppl_21/A11714
Lipid peroxidation as TBARS in colonValues are mean ± | Open-iLipid peroxidation as TBARS in colonValues are mean ± | Open-i
Lipid peroxidation as TBARS in colonValues are mean ± SEM. aSignificantly different from sham group at p | 0.01. bSignificantly different from control group
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4296077_AMS-10-24196-g006&req=4
KoreaMedKoreaMed
This study was undertaken to evaluate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist-rosiglitazone (ROSI) induces postischemic functional recovery in Langendorf heart model. Hearts isolated from normal rats were subjected to 20 min of normoxia or 25 min zero-flow ischemia followed by 50 min reperfusion. In this acute protocol, ROSI (20 microgram/ml) administered 10 min before ischemia had no effect on hemodynamic cardiac function, but had protective effect on lipid peroxidation in in vitro experiments. In chronic protocol in which ROSI was given by daily gavage (4 mg/kg) for three consecutive days, ROSI could not prevent the hemodynamic alteration on cardiac performance, but has protective effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). There was no significant difference in the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity between ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and ROSI treated IR hearts. Although ROSI had no effect on hemodynamic factor, it had ...
https://www.koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php?RID=1587395&text=Effect%20of%20Rosiglitazone%20on%20Myocardial%20Ischemia-Reperfusion%20Injury%20in%20Rat%20Heart
Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric) (ab118970) ProtocolsLipid Peroxidation (MDA) Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric) (ab118970) Protocols
Abcam provides general protocols for Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric) (ab118970). Please download our pdf protocol booklet
http://www.abcam.com/lipid-peroxidation-mda-assay-kit-colorimetricfluorometric-ab118970-protocols.html
Eagle Drugs: Bere alcolici con viagra highest quality
Heparin rebound and redosing of protamine may be indicative of failure to thrive. Teach the client use ofplementary or alternative therapies prior to the adolescents acceptance. Is your childs throat and causes lipid peroxidation and the baby. Reaction of cocaine use. Following limited exposure, a localized problem, such as taking a car or chair. In one or more of the, expected oue will verbalize a change in cognition and perception of the extract but is most often near 6. Despite these findings. Postmortem examination of your abdomen, and/or do you have an ectopic pregnancy, in which d-alanine is required for coral snakes. No yes does your child should avoid sports until he or she is experiencing a thought disorder and should be resting and not attributable solely to pulmonary rehabilitation program as tolerated. Ensure adequate padding and proper use of equipment, such as cupping of the event of grieving, regardless of your nipples will be able to move the client can watch your lips over the ...
https://childbirthsolutions.com/sildenafil/bere-alcolici-con-viagra/20/
链向日本 JaICA代理 Anti HEL monoclonal antibody的固定链接链向日本 JaICA代理 Anti HEL monoclonal antibody的固定链接
Oxidative damage of lipids caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in some diseases, lesion of cell functions and aging. Aldehydes such as malondi-aldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) have been reported as one of the advanced lipid peroxidation products. But recently in the earlier stage of lipid peroxidation, 13-hydroperoxyoctadecanoic acid (13-HPODE) is found to be covalently bound to proteins1). Hexanoyl-Lysine adduct (HEL) is a novel lipid hydroperoxide-modified lysine residues. HEL is formed by oxidative modification by oxidized omega-6 fatty acids such as linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. This monoclonal antibody (clone 5H4)is spesific for proteins and peptides containing HEL. Suitable for HEL detection by immunohistochemistry and western blotting ...
http://www.jinpanlab.com/archives/16332
Infection and Inflammation Induce LDL Oxidation In Vivo | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular BiologyInfection and Inflammation Induce LDL Oxidation In Vivo | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.14 15 Because plasma contains several antioxidants34 and lipoproteins with oxidative damage have been isolated from atherosclerotic lesions,14 15 lipoprotein oxidation generally is considered to occur in the vessel wall. Although lipid oxidation in the vessel wall is thought to occur as a result of a local deficiency of endogenous antioxidants or an excess of free metal ions, only limited data support these hypotheses. Research has recently shown that human atherosclerotic plaques contain massive amounts of lipid peroxidation products, despite the presence of large quantities of α-tocopherol and ascorbate.35 Thus, it is unclear whether oxidized lipoproteins originate in the arterial wall or are produced in the circulation and then enter the intimal space.. The present study demonstrates that systemic oxidation of lipoprotein particles occurs as part of the host response to infection ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/20/6/1536
BSA 2016 Symposium Abstracts | Department of BiochemistryBSA 2016 Symposium Abstracts | Department of Biochemistry
Chronic inflammation results in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can oxidize cellular molecules including lipids and DNA. Our laboratory has shown that 3-(2-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) is the most abundant DNA adduct formed from the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, or the DNA peroxidation product, base propenal. M1dG is mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells and is repaired via the nucleotide excision repair system. Here, we report that M1dG levels in intact nuclear DNA were increased from basal levels of 1 adduct per 108 nucleotides to 2 adducts per 106 nucleotides following adenine propenal treatment of RKO, HEK293 or HepG2 cells. We also found that M1dG in genomic DNA was oxidized in a time-dependent fashion to a single product, 6-oxo-M1dG, (to ~ 5 adducts per 107 nucleotides) and that this oxidation correlated with a decline in M1dG levels. Investigations in RAW264.7 macrophages indicate the presence of ...
https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/biochemistry/bsa-2016-symposium-abstracts
Lipid Peroxidation-Resistant Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) - RetrotopeLipid Peroxidation-Resistant Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) - Retrotope
Founder and Chief Scientist Misha Shchepinov will present:. PUFAs are essential nutrients vital for biological, particularly mitochondrial and neuronal, membranes. Unlike any other type of oxidative stress-related damage, lipid peroxidation is a chain process which, once initiated, can damage thousands of PUFA residues before the reaction is terminated. The rate limiting step of the process is hydrogen abstraction at the bis-allylic (between double bonds) site. Antioxidants are inefficient for various reasons. A novel approach employs deuteration of PUFAs at the bis-allylic positions to stops lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the rate limiting step (hydrogen abstraction) due to the isotope effect. Numerous cell culture and animal studies, as well as Phase I in humans, support the role of LPO in neurological and other diseases, and offer a novel therapeutical intervention. ...
https://www.retrotope.com/events/2016/11/10/lipid-peroxidation-resistant-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-pufa
Indmedica - Biomedical ResearchIndmedica - Biomedical Research
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PN possesses any curative role against NIM-induced oxidative stress. We observed that NIM administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg/twice daily for one week significantly reduced the levels of two antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT and the non-protein thiol, GSH accompanied by the enhance-ment of lipid peroxidation. Administration of PN (100 mg/kg body weight) to the experimental animals, post to NIM treatment, altered the levels of antioxidant enzymes and GSH near to those present in normal liver along with significant reduction of lipid peroxidation. Histological studies support this result. Administration of BSA had no effect on this oxidative insult although similar hepatoprotective results were obtained when the animals were treated with the antioxidant, vitamin E, post to NIM administration.. Liver is the first organ to metabolize all foreign compounds and hence its injury can be induced by the exposure of various toxicants, and also by a number of ...
http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=12&issueid=115&articleid=1548&action=article
Should we be concerned about lipid quality in nursery pig diets? | National Hog FarmerShould we be concerned about lipid quality in nursery pig diets? | National Hog Farmer
Determine oxidative quality of lipids in swine diets because lipid peroxidation products can induce oxidative stress, compromise immunity and reduce performance
https://www.nationalhogfarmer.com/animal-health/understand-impact-lipid-quality-and-composition-nursery-pig-diets
Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic kidney: effect of treatment with angiotensin...Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic kidney: effect of treatment with angiotensin...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10995033?dopt=Abstract
Clinical significance of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in Ovarian CancerClinical significance of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in Ovarian Cancer
Sapporo Medical Journal (Publisher: Sapporo Ika Daigaku, ISSN: 0036472X) is a monthly peer reviewed fast publishing international medical journal
https://www.maejournal.com/article/clinical-significance-of-dna-damage-lipid-peroxidation-and-protein-oxidation-in-ovarian-cancer
Non-enzymatic oxidized metabolite of DHA, 4RS-4-F-neuroprostaneNon-enzymatic oxidized metabolite of DHA, 4RS-4-F-neuroprostane
A lipid peroxidation product of DHA regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and reduces apoptosis to reduce reperfusion damage in a rat model of ischemic reperfusion.
https://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/lipid-peroxidation-product-dha-regulates-mitochondrial-homeostasis-and-reduces
Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against atherosclerosis by lowering lipid peroxidation and...
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https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/702205
Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against atherosclerosis by lowering lipid peroxidation and...
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https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/702205
Scientist Solutions - Lipid peroxidation
100s of protocols, methods, and experimental design for biochemistry, enzyme kinetics, Km, Vmax, and enzyme inhibitors brought to you by Scientist Solutions ProtocolFinder
http://scientistsolutions.azurewebsites.net/a7387-protocol-lipid+peroxidation.aspx
Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and oxidative stress in the failing heart: Role of aldose reductaseLipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and oxidative stress in the failing heart: Role of aldose reductase
Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes (LP-DA) can propagate oxidative injury and are detoxified by the aldose reductase (AR) enzyme pathway in myocardium. Whether there are alterations in the AR axis in heart failure (HF) is unknown. Sixteen instrumented dogs were studied before and after either 24 h or 4 wk of rapid left ventricular (LV) pacing (early and late HF, respectively). Six unpaced dogs served as controls. In early HF, there was subtle depression of LV performance (maximum rate of LV pressure rise, P < 0.05 vs. baseline) but no chamber enlargement, whereas in late HF there was significant (P < 0.05) contractile depression and LV dilatation. Oxidative stress was increased at both time points, indexed by tissue malondialdehyde, total glutathione, and free C6-C9 LP-DA (P < 0.025 vs. control). AR protein levels and activity decreased progressively during HF (P < 0.025 early/late HF vs. control); however, AR mRNA expression decreased only in late HF (P < 0.005 vs. early HF and control). DNA ...
http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub893998
Summary: Alteration in Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity, Cardiotoxic Lipid Peroxidation Product and C-Reactive Protein: A...
Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are exposed to oxidative stress, which is associated with an impairment of antioxidant defense and an overproduction of oxidative stress markers. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of inflammation in these patients. Objectives: The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in HD patients is now well established and the involvement of oxidative stress has been hypothesized in these phenomena. This study focused on a comparison of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation product and evaluated the relationship between them and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients on HD. Subjects and Methods: Plasma (TAC), lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined in 30 patients on HD and in 20 normal controls (NC). Results: TAC and MDA levels were significantly higher in patients on HD than in the control ...
http://www.kup.at/journals/summary/7626.html
Sesame oil attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation by inhibiting nitric oxide and superoxide anion generation in septic rats<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sesame oil attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation by inhibiting nitric oxide and superoxide anion generation in septic rats. AU - Hsu, Dur Zong. AU - Chien, Se Ping. AU - Li, Ya Hui. AU - Chuang, Yin Ching. AU - Chang, Yu Chung. AU - Liu, Ming-Yi. PY - 2008/3/1. Y1 - 2008/3/1. N2 - Background: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of organ failure during sepsis. Sesame oil decreases circulating oxygen free radicals in septic rats; however, its effect on hepatic oxidative status is unknown. The authors examined the effect of sesame oil on hepatic lipid peroxidation in septic rats. Methods: Hepatic injury was induced using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rats were divided into 4 groups: sham, rats given a sham operation without CLP; SO, rats given sesame oil alone; CLP, rats given saline and then CLP; and CS, rats given sesame oil and then CLP. All rats were first given a 1-week daily oral ...
https://researchoutput.ncku.edu.tw/en/publications/sesame-oil-attenuates-hepatic-lipid-peroxidation-by-inhibiting-ni
Acute Hyperoxia Increases Lipid Peroxidation and Induces Plasma Membra by Dominic P. DAgostino, James E. Olson et al.Acute Hyperoxia Increases Lipid Peroxidation and Induces Plasma Membra by Dominic P. DAgostino, James E. Olson et al.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM), malondialdehyde (MDA) assays, and amperometric measurements of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used to test the hypothesis that graded hyperoxia induces measurable nanoscopic changes in membrane ultrastructure and membrane lipid peroxidation (MLP) in cultured U87 human glioma cells. U87 cells were exposed to 0.20 atmospheres absolute (ATA) O2, normobaric hyperoxia (0.95 ATA O2) or hyperbaric hyperoxia (HBO2, 3.25 ATA O2) for 60 min. H2O2 (0.2 or 2 mM; 60 min) was used as a positive control for MLP. Cells were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde immediately after treatment and scanned with AFM in air or fluid. Surface topography revealed ultrastructural changes such as membrane blebbing in cells treated with hyperoxia and H2O2. Average membrane roughness (Ra) of individual cells from each group (n=35 to 45 cells/group) was quantified to assess ultrastructural changes from oxidative stress. The Ra of the plasma membrane was 34±3, 57±3 and 63±5 nm in 0.20 ATA O2, 0.95
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ncbp/212/
Lipocarbazole, an efficient lipid peroxidation inhibitor anchored in the membrane - Université de Limoges
Lipid peroxidation is a major deleterious effect caused by oxidative stress. It is involved in various diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to inhibit lipid peroxidation, antioxidants must efficiently scavenge free radicals and penetrate inside biological membranes. Lipocarbazole has recently been shown to be a powerful antioxidant in solution. Here, we show its powerful capacity as lipid peroxidation inhibitor. Its mechanism of action is rationalized based on molecular dynamics simulations on a biomembrane model, quantum calculations and experimental evaluation. The role of the lipocarbazole side chain is particularly highlighted as a critical chemical feature responsible for its antioxidant activity.
https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01257158
Detection of free radicals generated in NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in ischemic brain homogenate. Application of the...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Detection of free radicals generated in NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in ischemic brain homogenate. Application of the spin trapping technique. AU - Tominaga, Teiji. AU - Imaizumi, S.. AU - Yoshimoto, T.. AU - Suzuki, J.. AU - Fujita, Y.. PY - 1986/5/14. Y1 - 1986/5/14. N2 - The spin trapping technique has been applied to the detection of free radicals generated in the NADPH stimulated lipid peroxidation process in ischemic brain homogenate. Using male Wistar rats, complete cerebral ischemia for 30 min, 60 min or 120 min was produced by decapitation followed by preservation of the heads at 37°C. Global cerebral ischemia of 30 min or 60 min duration was induced by occlusions of three vessels (bilateral common carotid and basilar artery) in the ventilated rats. In some animals, bilateral carotid occlusions were released for 30 min following 30 min of ischemia to study the postischemic event. Two reaction mixtures containing brain homogenate, NADPH, Fe-EDTA and spin trapping ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/detection-of-free-radicals-generated-in-nadph-dependent-lipid-per
Histidine 50 is a crucial residue for alpha-synuclein aggregation induced by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydesHistidine 50 is a crucial residue for alpha-synuclein aggregation induced by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes
2012 (English)In: Free Radical Biology & Medicine, ISSN 0891-5849, E-ISSN 1873-4596, Vol. 53, no Suppl 1, S248-S249 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1087076
Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction was ameliorated by propofol via suppressing hepatic lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and drug...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction was ameliorated by propofol via suppressing hepatic lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and drug interactions. AU - Wu, Gong Jhe. AU - Lin, Yung Wei. AU - Tsai, Hsiao Chien. AU - Lee, Yuan Wen. AU - Chen, Jui Tai. AU - Chen, Ruei Ming. PY - 2018/11/15. Y1 - 2018/11/15. N2 - Aims: Our previous study showed that propofol can protect against sepsis-induced insults through suppressing liver nitrosation and inflammation. This study further evaluated the mechanisms of propofol-caused protection from sepsis-induced liver dysfunction. Main methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and then exposed to propofol. Levels of hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were consecutively measured. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-4 messenger (m)RNA or proteins were quantified. Effects of propofol on microsomal pentoxyresorufin O-dealkelase (PROD) and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/sepsis-induced-liver-dysfunction-was-ameliorated-by-propofol-via-
Raised concentrations of aldehyde lipid peroxidation products in premature infants with chronic lung disease | ADC Fetal &...Raised concentrations of aldehyde lipid peroxidation products in premature infants with chronic lung disease | ADC Fetal &...
Based on the quantitative profiles of aldehydes reportedly formed during autoxidation of fatty acids, such as oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid,17 18we measured eight aldehydes in this study (pentanal, hexanal, 2-hexenal, heptanal, 2-heptenal, 2-octenal, 2-nonenal, and HNE). Pentanal and hexanal are mainly generated from the peroxidation of linoleic and arachidonic acid, while heptanal is generated from oleic acid, and 2-hexenal from α-linolenic acid. 2-nonenal and HNE are also the main peroxidation products of γ-linolenic and arachidonic acid.17 Among these aldehydes, HNE has already been widely studied19 and hexanal has also been reported20 to be an indicator of lipid peroxidation. It has already been confirmed that not only hexanal, HNE, and MDA, but also other aldehydes, actually increase during peroxidation of rat liver microsomes and in rats loaded with ethanol.14 17 All of the aldehydes measured in this study were higher in the CLD infants than in the ...
https://fn.bmj.com/content/80/1/F21?ijkey=04f6e6d9b308908d033a72d9ac9c3f2ada697bf7&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Effects of Lipid Peroxidation-Related Protein Modifications on RPE Lysosomal Functions and POS Phagocytosis | IOVS | ARVO...Effects of Lipid Peroxidation-Related Protein Modifications on RPE Lysosomal Functions and POS Phagocytosis | IOVS | ARVO...
Lipid peroxidation-derived cellular damage has been related to normal cellular aging and various age-related degenerative diseases. Tissues containing large numbers of postmitotic cells, as in the brain, skeletal muscles, or heart, are particularly at risk for age-related deterioration in function by lipid peroxidation products. The initiation of lipid peroxidation also requires the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals and the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The outer retina is exposed to light in an oxygen-rich environment, and unsaturated fatty acids are present in high concentrations in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina. 24 Accordingly, evidence for light-induced lipid peroxidation reactions in the retina has been reported in several studies. 25 26 27 Exposure to intense light is thought to acutely induce retinal damage by generating the production of high doses of lipid peroxidation-derived DNA-reactive aldehydes that trigger photoreceptor cell apoptosis. 16 Besides ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2125099
Aging | Fat accumulation in |i|Caenorhabditis elegans|/i| triggeredby the electrophilic lipid peroxidation product 4...
Full Text - Deposition and mobilization of fat in an organism aretightly controlled by multiple levels of endocrine and neuroendocrineregulation. Because these hormonal mechanisms ultimately act by affectingbiochemical reactions of fat synthesis or utilization, obesity could bealso modulated by altering directly the underlying lipid biochemistry. Wehave previously shown that genetically modified mice with an elevated levelof the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE become obese. We now demonstratethat the process is phylogenetically conserved and thus likely to beuniversal. In the nematode C. elegans, disruption of eitherconjugation or oxidation of 4-HNE leads to fat accumulation, whereasaugmentation of 4-HNE conjugation results in a lean phenotype. Moreover,direct treatment of C. elegans with synthetic 4-HNE causes increasedlipid storage, directly demonstrating a causative role of 4-HNE. Thepostulated mechanism, which involves modulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylaseactivity, could contribute to
https://www.aging-us.com/article/100005/text
Serum levels of TNF-alpha, sIL-2R, IL-6, and IL-8 are increased and associated with elevated lipid peroxidation in patients...Serum levels of TNF-alpha, sIL-2R, IL-6, and IL-8 are increased and associated with elevated lipid peroxidation in patients...
AIM Behcets disease (BD) is a systemic immunoinflammatory disorder and the aetiopathogenesis is to be specified. Cytokines play a role in immune response and in many inflammatory diseases. The aim of this case-control study is to investigate serum pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-6, and chemokine IL-8 levels in patients with BD. We also determined the end product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) in BD patients as an index for oxidative stress. ...
https://avesis.medeniyet.edu.tr/yayin/89a0d265-b2e8-4392-969f-1b265ff6200e/serum-levels-of-tnf-alpha-sil-2r-il-6-and-il-8-are-increased-and-associated-with-elevated-lipid-peroxidation-in-patients-with-behcets-disease
Effect of dietery fats and iron overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats for Elshafey Rahma Abd Elfatah Abd ElrazekEffect of dietery fats and iron overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats for Elshafey Rahma Abd Elfatah Abd Elrazek
Thesis, English, Effect of dietery fats and iron overload on hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats for Elshafey Rahma Abd Elfatah Abd Elrazek
http://www.philadelphia.edu.jo/newlibrary/eng/english-books/671-english-books/93017-engb-93017
Impact of plant volatile oils upon enzymes involved in lipid peroxidation - SRUC, Scotlands Rural College
TY - JOUR. T1 - Impact of plant volatile oils upon enzymes involved in lipid peroxidation. AU - Deans, SG. AU - MacPherson, A. AU - Noble, RC. AU - Penzes, L. AU - Imre, S. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. KW - Enzyme. KW - Impact. KW - Impacts. KW - Lipid. KW - Lipid Peroxidation. KW - Oil. KW - Peroxidation. KW - Plant. KW - Reference. KW - Review. KW - Volatile. KW - Volatile Oils. M3 - Article. VL - 54. SP - 4. EP - 7. JO - Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. JF - Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. SN - 0029-6651. ER - ...
https://pure.sruc.ac.uk/en/publications/impact-of-plant-volatile-oils-upon-enzymes-involved-in-lipid-pero/
Effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on markers of β- Cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation,...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on markers of β- Cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in obese, premenopausal women without diabetes. AU - Kitabchi, Abbas E.. AU - McDaniel, Kristin A.. AU - Wan, Jim. AU - Tylavsky, Frances. AU - Jacovino, Crystal A.. AU - Sands, Chris W.. AU - Nyenwe, Ebenezer. AU - Stentz, Frankie B.. PY - 2013/10/28. Y1 - 2013/10/28. N2 - Objective-To study the effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on various metabolic end points (glucoregulation, oxidative stress [dichlorofluorescein], lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde], proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6], adipokines, and resting energy expenditure [REE]) with high protein-low carbohydrate (HP) and high carbohydrate-low protein (HC) diets at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. Research design and methods-We recruited obese, premenopausal women aged 20-50 ...
https://uthsc.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effects-of-high-protein-versus-high-carbohydrate-diets-on-markers
Prostate Health - TOCOTRIENOL Tocotrienol.orgProstate Health - TOCOTRIENOL Tocotrienol.org
Gamma-tocotrienol (GT) is a member of the vitamin E family. Our preliminary studies indicated that it protected mice from lethal irradiation, so we hypothesized that GT might be a radiation sensitizing agent for tumors. To test this, we induced prostate tumors by injecting PC3 cells into nude BALB/c mice. When the tumors were about 5 mm in diameter, mice were injected subcutaneously with 400 mg/kg gamma-tocotrienol and irradiated 24 h later at the site of the tumor with a dose of 12 Gy (60) Cobalt. Tumor size was monitored for 24 days after radiation. Tumor tissues as well as normal tissues like rectum, kidney, and liver were monitored for lipid peroxidation on day 4 and day 24 after radiation. The results indicated that the size of the tumors was reduced by almost 40%, but only in GT-treated and irradiated mice. In unstimulated and Fe-stimulated lipid peroxidation groups, lipid peroxidation in the tumors from irradiated mice increased to 135% and 150%, respectively, four days after irradiation ...
http://tocotrienol.org/en/prostate-health/
Supplementation of broccoli or Bifidobacterium longum-fermented broccoli suppresses serum lipid peroxidation and osteoclast...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Supplementation of broccoli or Bifidobacterium longum-fermented broccoli suppresses serum lipid peroxidation and osteoclast differentiation on alveolar bone surface in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. AU - Tomofuji, Takaaki. AU - Ekuni, Daisuke. AU - Azuma, Tetsuji. AU - Irie, Koichiro. AU - Endo, Yasumasa. AU - Yamamoto, Tatsuo. AU - Ishikado, Atsushi. AU - Sato, Takehiko. AU - Harada, Kayo. AU - Suido, Hirohisa. AU - Morita, Manabu. N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research ( 20791642 ) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Tokyo, Japan . The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.. PY - 2012/4. Y1 - 2012/4. N2 - High-cholesterol diet enhances osteoclastic activity on alveolar bone by increasing serum lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that supplementation with dietary antioxidants, such as found in broccoli and its fermented products, might suppress increases in serum lipid ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/supplementation-of-broccoli-or-bifidobacterium-longum-fermented-b
Fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in brain microsomes of albino rats with alloxan diabetesFatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in brain microsomes of albino rats with alloxan diabetes
Abstract: Fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in rat brain microsomes were studied under conditions of alloxan diabetes. The data obtained indicate significant differences in the content of unsaturated fatty acids and also a slight activation of lipid peroxidation in the pathological state studied ...
http://pbmc.ibmc.msk.ru/index.php/en/article/PBMC-1985-31-3-86-en
Bisphenol A‑induced oxidative damage in the hepatic and cardiac tissues of rats: The modulatory role of sesame lignansBisphenol A‑induced oxidative damage in the hepatic and cardiac tissues of rats: The modulatory role of sesame lignans
Previous studies have focused on the impact of BPA on human health and have determined that the toxic effects of BPA may be due to enhanced oxidative stress (7,8). The present study revealed that BPA induced hepatic oxidative stress, steatosis and affects the secretory function and integrity of the liver. Increased levels of hepatic MDA, the decreased activities of GPx, GR and SOD, and the decreased levels of GSH indicated that there were increased levels of oxidative stress in liver cells. These results are consistent with that of Maćczak et al (38) who reported that BPA treatment induces oxidative damage. Another previous study demonstrated that BPA increased lipid peroxidation and decreased the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes produced in rat livers (39). The BPA-mediated reduction of GSH levels may be due to its conjugation with BPA-toxic metabolites and its oxidation to oxidized glutathione (40). Furthermore, certain lipid peroxidation end products [including malondialdehyde (MDA) ...
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/etm.2019.8193
Lasting downregulation of the lipid peroxidation enzymes in the prefrontal cortex of mice susceptible to stress-induced...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Lasting downregulation of the lipid peroxidation enzymes in the prefrontal cortex of mice susceptible to stress-induced anhedonia. AU - Cline, Brandon H.. AU - Anthony, Daniel C.. AU - Lysko, Alexander. AU - Dolgov, Oleg. AU - Anokhin, Konstantin. AU - Schroeter, Careen. AU - Malin, Dmitry. AU - Kubatiev, Aslan. AU - Steinbusch, Harry W.. AU - Lesch, Klaus-Peter. AU - Strekalova, Tatyana. PY - 2015/1/1. Y1 - 2015/1/1. KW - Lipid peroxidation. KW - Chronic stress depression model. KW - Anhedonia. KW - Prefrontal cortex. KW - Imipramine. KW - Microarray. U2 - 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.037. DO - 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.037. M3 - Article. C2 - 24786329. VL - 276. SP - 118. EP - 129. JO - Behavioural Brain Research. JF - Behavioural Brain Research. SN - 0166-4328. ER - ...
https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/lasting-downregulation-of-the-lipid-peroxidation-enzymes-in-the-p
Lipid Peroxidation in Blood Mononuclear Cells Associated with Fibromyalgia SymptomsLipid Peroxidation in Blood Mononuclear Cells Associated with Fibromyalgia Symptoms
Study finds fibromyalgia symptoms are better associated to lipid peroxidation levels in blood mononuclear cells rather than in plasma.
http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?libid=18088
PHARMATECA » POTENTIALS FOR THE EARLY PROPHYLAXIS OF PROGRESSION OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN THE PRACTICE OF...PHARMATECA » POTENTIALS FOR THE EARLY PROPHYLAXIS OF PROGRESSION OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN THE PRACTICE OF...
In developed countries, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is 10-40%. Data from epidemiological studies indicate a steady increase in its frequency in the world. In a variety of regional and international recommendations for drug treatment, there is no uniform opinion on the efficacy and safety of the use of certain drugs in the NAFLD. The use of essential phospholipids (EPLs) in liver diseases, in particular NAFLD, is pathogenetically justified and proved in a number of clinical studies. EPLs, however, is an easily decomposable substance, because they can be involved in lipid peroxidation processes with an increase in the level of lipid peroxides, which are an active oxidants, and consequently enhance oxidative stress. The creation of a domestic combined hepatoprotector BAA Hepaguard Active became an effective solution of this problem. One capsule of Hepaguard Active contains 222 mg of EPLs, 93 mg of L-carnitine and 1.25 mg of tocopherol acetate (vitamin E). These ...
https://pharmateca.ru/en/archive/article/34610
A role for vitamin A in the formation of ocular lipofuscin | British Journal of OphthalmologyA role for vitamin A in the formation of ocular lipofuscin | British Journal of Ophthalmology
The original in vitro models used to study lipofuscinogenesis were based on mixtures of lipid peroxidation byproducts incubated with amino acids. Chloroform extracts of the resultant fluorescent compounds were deemed to be photophysically comparable with extracts of lipofuscin.27 Doubt has since been cast on the suitability of these models for the genesis of ocular lipofuscin. Firstly, the spectral characteristics of ocular lipofuscin measured both in vivo28 and in vitro2229 show a broad emission spectrum from 500 to 750 nm in contrast with the blue emissions reported to arise from reactions of lipid peroxidation byproducts.2730 Secondly, spectrophotometer insensitivities have been shown to cause true yellow emitting fluorophores to appear blue when uncorrected spectra are used.29 Eldred and Katz repeated the conditions of the original experiments using lipids isolated from rat retina and found the resultant fluorophores to differ from ocular lipofuscin in spectral profile (using corrected ...
http://bjo.bmj.com/content/81/10/911
Indmedica - Biomedical ResearchIndmedica - Biomedical Research
The present study shows significant increase in lipid peroxides in OSCC patients and in tobacco chewers/smokers group. The increase in MDA is very highly significant in OSCC patients compared to normal healthy control subjects. Oxygen derived free radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in neoplastic transformation [9]. The role of ROS in the initiation, promo-tion and progression of carcinogenesis and the protective role of antioxidant enzymes has been the subject of much speculation with conflicting reports in literature. Nagini, Manoharan, Ramchandran [10] have reported significantly decreased lipid peroxidation levels in oral cancer patients. Their findings suggest a decreased susceptibility of oral tumour tissue to lipid peroxidation. Tumour progression is associated with low levels of malondialdehyde [11,12]. An inverse relationship has been observed between the levels of lipid peroxidation and the rate of cell proliferation [13].. In contrast, enhanced lipid ...
http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=12&issueid=143&articleid=1922&action=article
Erratum: Response of urinary lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds to factors that stimulate lipid peroxidation...Erratum: Response of urinary lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds to factors that stimulate lipid peroxidation...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Erratum. T2 - Response of urinary lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds to factors that stimulate lipid peroxidation in vivo (Lipids (2000) 35 (855-862)). AU - Csallany, A. S.. AU - Kim, S. S.. AU - Gallaher, D. D.. PY - 2001/1/1. Y1 - 2001/1/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0035113071&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0035113071&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Comment/debate. AN - SCOPUS:0035113071. VL - 36. JO - Lipids. JF - Lipids. SN - 0024-4201. IS - 1. ER - ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/erratum-response-of-urinary-lipophilic-aldehydes-and-related-carb
Temperature acclimation alters oxidative capacities and composition of membrane lipids without influencing activities of...Temperature acclimation alters oxidative capacities and composition of membrane lipids without influencing activities of...
Aerobic organisms face challenges associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (-OH) and the peroxyl radical (ROO•), which can damage biological molecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999). Some ROS can initiate lipid peroxidation (LPO), a self-propagating process in which a peroxyl radical is formed when a ROS has sufficient reactivity to abstract a hydrogen atom from an intact lipid (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999). The peroxidized portion of a phospholipid exists in the nonpolar interior of the membrane bilayer, disrupting hydrophobic lipid-lipid interactions and placing membrane integrity at risk (Kagan, 1988; Kühn and Borchert, 2002). Cells are protected from ROS-induced damage by two classes of antioxidant defense: low-molecular-mass antioxidants (e.g. glutathione, vitamins E and C) and antioxidant enzymes [e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)]. SOD catalyzes the ...
https://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/3/445?ijkey=a99b267656234d6b209fc0b4aee1c080832767ab&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Aspalatone Prevents VEGF-Induced Lipid Peroxidation, Migration, Tube Formation, and Dysfunction of Human Aortic Endothelial...Aspalatone Prevents VEGF-Induced Lipid Peroxidation, Migration, Tube Formation, and Dysfunction of Human Aortic Endothelial...
Although aspalatone (acetylsalicylic acid maltol ester) is recognized as an antithrombotic agent with antioxidative and antiplatelet potential; its efficacy in preventing endothelial dysfunction is not known. In this study, we examined the antiangiogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effect of aspalatone in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Specifically, the effect of aspalatone on VEGF-induced HAECs growth, migration, tube formation, and levels of lipid peroxidation-derived malondialdehyde (MDA) was examined. Our results indicate that the treatment of HAECs with aspalatone decreased VEGF-induced cell migration, tube formation, and levels of MDA. Aspalatone also inhibited VEGF-induced decrease in the expression of eNOS and increase in the expression of iNOS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Aspalatone also prevented the VEGF-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. Furthermore, aspalatone also prevented VEGF-induced release of inflammatory markers such as Angiopoietin-2, Leptin, EGF, G-CSF,
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2017/2769347/
Jack Norris RD » Trans FatsJack Norris RD » Trans Fats
G. Australia (2004) - 150%. Study E was not even close to statistically significant, while F and G were highly significant. The pooled risk in all seven studies showed a 29% increase in risk (1.29, 1.11 - 1.49).. Thus, the findings have been pretty consistent (especially for nutrition studies on fatty acids). I looked for other, more recent studies such as these and did not find any.. Interestingly, the only place where trans fats are found naturally are animal products, where they are produced by bacteria in the gut of ruminant animals. In fact, a trans fats in dairy products, conjugated linoleic acid, is touted for its health benefits and sometimes pointed to by people arguing against veganism as necessary for optimal health. Here is what Mozaffarian et al. say about trans fats from ruminant animals:. [D]ietary trials indicate that consumption of conjugated linolenic* acid reduces insulin sensitivity, increases lipid peroxidation, and has mixed effects on markers of inflammation and immune ...
http://jacknorrisrd.com/category/trans-fats/
Malondialdehyde in dried blood spots: a biomarker of systemic lipid peroxidation linked to cardiopulmonary symptoms and risk...Malondialdehyde in dried blood spots: a biomarker of systemic lipid peroxidation linked to cardiopulmonary symptoms and risk...
Malondialdehyde in dried blood spots: a biomarker of systemic lipid peroxidation linked to cardiopulmonary symptoms and risk factors
https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/52535/html
Six-Year Effect of Combined Vitamin C and E Supplementation on Atherosclerotic Progression | CirculationSix-Year Effect of Combined Vitamin C and E Supplementation on Atherosclerotic Progression | Circulation
The present 6-year data provide a confirmation for our 3-year findings, demonstrating that the combination of supplemented reasonable doses of vitamin E and slow-release vitamin C, taken with meal, may slow down the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in healthy hypercholesterolemic persons. Our study suggests that the benefit is greatest in men and may even be limited to men only. The observed effect modification by sex needs to be retested in additional clinical trials, because we cannot fully rule out the possibility that the chance would have caused the sex difference. Because men had considerably lower baseline levels of both plasma α-tocopherol and ascorbate, it is possible that the greater observed benefit in this group could be simply attributable to the greater increase of these vitamins. However, we also observed a lipid peroxidation-reducing effect of vitamin E only in men, whereas in women vitamin E had little or no effect on lipid peroxidation, as measured as plasma ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/107/7/947
Polyphenolic composition, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties of chapli kebab during repeated frying process |...Polyphenolic composition, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant properties of chapli kebab during repeated frying process |...
Chapli kebab and frying mediums were collected from the commercial fryers and evaluated for phenolic composition, changes in phenolic profile, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic contents, DPPH...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11694-017-9667-2
9780849369230: Lipid Peroxidation In Biomembranes - AbeBooks - Kagan, Valerian E.: 08493692319780849369230: Lipid Peroxidation In Biomembranes - AbeBooks - Kagan, Valerian E.: 0849369231
AbeBooks.com: Lipid Peroxidation In Biomembranes (9780849369230) by Kagan, Valerian E. and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices.
https://www.abebooks.com/9780849369230/Lipid-Peroxidation-Biomembranes-Kagan-Valerian-0849369231/plp
The best Side of best antioxidant supplements to take
With antioxidant vitamins and minerals bio-accessible to the Immune Program, the SOD enzyme enzymatically converts poisonous superoxide anion radicals to hydrogen peroxide, which is then transformed to h2o through the motion of glutathione peroxidase or catalase. When the antioxidant vitamins and minerals usually are not bio-accessible to the body, then the superoxide anion turns into an unstable reactive and so chemically hazardous like a free radical which initiates lipid peroxidation which brings about the accumulation of water soluble fluorescent compounds during the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, heart and brain exactly where irreversible injury can take place ...
http://antioxidant-vitamins21852.blogkoo.com/the-best-side-of-best-antioxidant-supplements-to-take-4834434
5 Easy Facts About antioxidant nutrients Described
With antioxidant vitamins and minerals bio-available to the Immune Method, the SOD enzyme enzymatically converts harmful superoxide anion radicals to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to water by way of the action of glutathione peroxidase or catalase. Should the antioxidant vitamins and minerals will not be bio-accessible to the body, then the superoxide anion results in being an unstable reactive and so chemically unsafe for a no cost radical which initiates lipid peroxidation which ends in the accumulation of water soluble fluorescent compounds while in the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, heart and Mind exactly where irreversible damage can occur ...
http://antioxidant-supplements06936.pointblog.net/5-Easy-Facts-About-antioxidant-nutrients-Described-8178551
Search - NeL.eduSearch - NeL.edu
Comparative Study 2004; 25(1-2): 70-74 PubMed PMID: 15159686 Citation Keywords: Animal Feed, Animals, Antioxidants:physiology, Brain:metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Iodides:administration & dosage, Liver:metabolism, Lung:metabolism, Male, Melatonin:physiology, Oxidative Stress:physiology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Schiff Base. OBJECTIVES: Administration of iodides to animals, living in iodine-deficient areas, can induce necrosis and fibrosis of the thyroid gland. It is believed that structural and functional changes of the thyroid may be related to oxidative processes. Increased lipid peroxidation levels were reported in murine thyroid glands after high doses of iodine. Melatonin (MEL) is believed to exert its effects via electron donation to directly detoxify free radicals, such as, e.g., the highly toxic hydroxyl radical. In numerous reports related to the antioxidative action of MEL, the authors have considered the protective ability of this hormone against peroxidation of lipids. The ...
http://www.nel.edu/journal/search/?keywords=Antioxidants:physiology
Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
We evaluated the brain, lung, and heart oxidative stress in rats exposed to aerosol of an over-the-counter pyrethroid insecticide product in Nigeria. The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups: group I (control) was not exposed to the insecticide aerosol, while groups II, III, and IV were exposed to 6.0 mL m-3, 12.0 mL m-3, and 18 mL m-3 of insecticide aerosol respectively. Exposures were carried out in wooden-glass chambers one hour daily for six weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, as well as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were determined. The brain, lung, and heart showed no significant difference in their weights and relative weights compared with the control. A significant increase in brain lipid peroxidation (LPO) was seen in groups III and IV, while there was no significant increase in lung and heart LPO compared with control. Significant ...
http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=bk14022&lang=en
Effects of oxidative stress on glycerolipid acyl turnover in rat hepatocytes.
Lipid peroxidation was induced in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes by incubation in the presence of Fe3+, resulting in accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Analysis of lipid classes revealed that the levels and fatty acid composit
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Effects-oxidative-stress-glycerolipid-acyl/9307931.html
Protective effect of astaxanthin against cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats | AVESİSProtective effect of astaxanthin against cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats | AVESİS
Background The aim of the present study was to demonstrate astaxanthins attenuating effects against cisplatin (CIS)-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in a rat model. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats (weight 200-250 g) were divided into four groups (8 rats/group): control group, CIS group, astaxanthin 25 (ASTA25) group, and astaxanthin 75 (ASTA75) group. Tissue samples of small intestine extracted from rats were histopathologically and immunohistochemically analyzed. Histopathological findings were graded with the Duodenal Histopathological Damage Score. Evaluation of enterocytes showing caspase-3 positivity was performed using the Immunohistochemistry Positivity Score. Intestinal glutathione (GSH) shows the endogenous antioxidant level. Lipid peroxidation in the intestinal tissue was evaluated by measuring the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the end product of lipid peroxidation. Results In the ASTA25 group, we observed a significant decrease in the number of necrotic enterocytes, ...
https://avesis.erdogan.edu.tr/yayin/161777e7-fb97-4261-b69e-18359bfc09e6/protective-effect-of-astaxanthin-against-cisplatin-induced-gastrointestinal-toxicity-in-rats
UWI Mona Research Engine [beta]
Modulation of antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation products in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats fed Ortanique peel PMFs extract ...
http://mord.mona.uwi.edu/biblio/listotherauth.asp?auth=Green,%20Curtis%20O
Protective effects ofOcimum sanctumon lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in streptozocin-induced diabetic ratsProtective effects ofOcimum sanctumon lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats
A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.
https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1080%25252F14786419.2010.531016/reader
Reactive γ-ketoaldehydes formed via the isoprostane pathway disrupt mitochondrial respiration and calcium homeostasis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reactive γ-ketoaldehydes formed via the isoprostane pathway disrupt mitochondrial respiration and calcium homeostasis. AU - Stavrovskaya, Irina G.. AU - Baranov, Sergei V.. AU - Guo, Xiaofeng. AU - Davies, Sean S.. AU - Roberts, L. Jackson. AU - Kristal, Bruce S.. PY - 2010/8/1. Y1 - 2010/8/1. N2 - Isoketals (IsoKs) are γ-ketoaldehydes formed via the isoprostane pathway of arachidonic acid peroxidation and are among the most reactive by-products of lipid peroxidation. IsoKs selectively adduct to protein lysine residues and are highly cytotoxic, but the targets and molecular events involved in IsoK-induced cell death are poorly defined. Our previous work established that physiologically relevant aldehydes induce mitochondrial dysfunction (Kristal et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271:6033-6038; 1996). We therefore examined whether IsoKs induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Incubation of mitochondria with synthetic IsoKs in the presence or absence of Ca2+ was associated with alterations in ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/reactive-%CE%B3-ketoaldehydes-formed-via-the-isoprostane-pathway-disru
JCDR - Biochemical marker, Lipid peroxidation marker, Malondialdehyde, Reactive oxygen speciesJCDR - Biochemical marker, Lipid peroxidation marker, Malondialdehyde, Reactive oxygen species
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.
https://www.jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2016&volume=10&issue=9&page=BC15&issn=0973-709x&id=8454
Lipid peroxidationLipid peroxidation
... is the chain of reactions of oxidative degradation of lipids. It is the process in which free radicals " ... suppress lipid peroxidation even at relatively low levels of incorporation into membranes. The end products of lipid ... Lipid+peroxidation at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (All articles with dead external ... Antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E may inhibit lipid peroxidation. Other anti-oxidants made within the body include ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_peroxidation
Isotope effect on lipid peroxidationIsotope effect on lipid peroxidation
Deuterium-reinforced lipids can be used for the protection of living cells by slowing the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation ... by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Demidov, Vadim V. (1 April 2020). "Site-specifically deuterated essential lipids as new drugs ... Correspondingly, drugs that stop the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation have preventive and therapeutic potential. The mass ... proceeding through a non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation chain reaction (LPO), whereby a single ROS species can initiate a runaway ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_effect_on_lipid_peroxidation
FerroptosisFerroptosis
Although the connection between iron and lipid peroxidation has been appreciated for years, it was not until 2012 that Brent ... GPX4 SLC7A11 Erastin XJB-5-131 Yang WS, Stockwell BR (March 2016). "Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation". Trends in Cell ... Gutteridge JM (July 1984). "Lipid peroxidation initiated by superoxide-dependent hydroxyl radicals using complexed iron and ... Perinuclear lipid assembly is observed immediately before ferroptosis occurs. After the process is complete, lipid droplets are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroptosis
4-Hydroxynonenal4-Hydroxynonenal
Ayala, Antonio; Muñoz, Mario F.; Argüelles, Sandro (2014). "Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling ... and in higher quantities during oxidative stress due to the increase in the lipid peroxidation chain reaction, due to the ... "Pathological aspects of lipid peroxidation". Free Radical Research. 44 (10): 1125-1171. doi:10.3109/10715762.2010.498478. PMID ... β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells. 4-HNE is the primary α,β-unsaturated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Hydroxynonenal
MalondialdehydeMalondialdehyde
Marnett LJ (1999). "Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde". Mutat. Res. 424 (1-2): 83-95. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(99) ... Levels of malondialdehyde can be also considered (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) to assess the membrane damage in ... 1983;5(4):603-7 Dourerdjou, P.; Koner, B. C. (2008), Effect of Different Cooking Vessels on Heat-Induced Lipid Peroxidation of ... Moore K, Roberts LJ (1998). "Measurement of lipid peroxidation". Free Radic. Res. 28 (6): 659-71. doi:10.3109/10715769809065821 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malondialdehyde
M1GM1G
Malondialdehyde is an end product of lipid peroxidation while acrolein is a result of DNA peroxidation. M1dG is the major ... Marnett LJ (1999). "Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde". Mutat. Res. 424 (1-2): 83-95. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(99) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1G
Thomas P. StosselThomas P. Stossel
Lipid peroxidation by human blood phagocytes. J Clin Invest. 1974; 54:638-645. 25. Boxer LA, Hedley-Whyte ET, Stossel TP. ... Mason RJ, Stossel TP, Vaughan M. Lipids of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, alveolar macrophages and their phagocytic vesicles. J ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
Spiteller, Peter; Spiteller, Gerhard (1998). "Strong dependence of the lipid peroxidation product spectrum whether Fe2+/O2 or ... Niki, Etsuo (2014). "Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical material". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General ... Yoshida, Yasukazu; Umeno, Aya; Shichiri, Mototada (2013). "Lipid peroxidation biomarkers for evaluating oxidative stress and ... Frankel, E.N (1984). "Chemistry of free radical and singlet oxidation of lipids". Progress in Lipid Research. 23 (4): 197-221. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid
Alex SevanianAlex Sevanian
He researched the effects of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and modified lipoproteins in the progression of ... Siems, Werner; Grune, Tilman; Sommerburg, Olaf; Flohé, Leopold; Cadenas, Enrique (2005). "HNE and Further Lipid Peroxidation ... Sevanian made major contributions to the understanding of phospholipases as repair enzymes for oxidized membrane lipids. He ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Sevanian
9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
Niki, Etsuo (2014). "Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical material". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General ... Epub 2007 Aug 3 Yoshida, Yasukazu; Umeno, Aya; Shichiri, Mototada (2013). "Lipid peroxidation biomarkers for evaluating ... "Chemistry of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Their Use as Biomarkers in Early Detection of Diseases". Journal of Oleo Science. ... "Signaling properties of 4-hydroxyalkenals formed by lipid peroxidation in diabetes". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 65: 978- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid
Plácido Navas LloretPlácido Navas Lloret
The higher Coenzyme Q10 levels in plasma were associated with lower levels of lipid-peroxidation and oxidized LDL in the ... Reduced Coenzyme Q10 prevents lipid peroxidation chain reaction. In a 1997 study, Professor Navas and a team of researchers ... Reduced Coenzyme Q10 prevents lipid peroxidation in liposomes and plasma membranes. Coenzyme Q is reduced by the dehydrogenase ... found that individuals with higher levels of functional capacity also had lower levels of cholesterol and lipid peroxidation as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plácido_Navas_Lloret
Coenzyme Q10Coenzyme Q10
Mellors A, Tappel AL (July 1966). "Quinones and quinols as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation". Lipids. 1 (4): 282-4. doi:10.1007 ... Absorption follows the same process as that of lipids; the uptake mechanism appears to be similar to that of vitamin E, another ... Food intake (and the presence of lipids) stimulates bodily biliary excretion of bile acids and greatly enhances absorption of ... Emulsions of soybean oil (lipid microspheres) could be stabilised very effectively by lecithin and were used in the preparation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_Q10
UbiquinolUbiquinol
Mellors, A.; Tappel, A. L. (1966). "Quinones and quinols as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation". Lipids. 1 (4): 282-4. doi: ... Mellors, A; Tappel, AL (1966). "The inhibition of mitochondrial peroxidation by ubiquinone and ubiquinol". The Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquinol
Unsaturated fatUnsaturated fat
... the more vulnerable it is to lipid peroxidation (rancidity). Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation. ... This probably is an indication of the greater vulnerability of polyunsaturated fats to lipid peroxidation, against which ... coenzyme Q10 and selenium protect tissues against lipid peroxidation in rat tissue slices". The Journal of Nutrition. 120 (1): ... "Feinberg School > Nutrition > Nutrition Fact Sheet: Lipids". Northwestern University. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsaturated_fat
TriglycerideTriglyceride
... the more vulnerable it is to lipid peroxidation (rancidity). Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation. ... "Human stratum corneum lipids: characterization and regional variations". J. Lipid Res. 24 (2): 120-130. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275( ... enzyme responsible for triglyceride biosynthesis Medium-chain triglycerides Lipid profile Lipids Vertical auto profile " ... Staining for fatty acids, triglycerides, lipoproteins, and other lipids is done through the use of lysochromes (fat-soluble ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceride
Vicki ColvinVicki Colvin
"Nano-C60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation". Biomaterials. 26 (36): 7587-7595. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.027. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicki_Colvin
CephaloridineCephaloridine
Both lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress can cause membrane damage. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress take place as ... It has been suggested that superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals may be formed and that lipid peroxidation could be ... This process is preceded by the lipid peroxidation. Thereafter, probably a combination of events, such as formation of a ... a free radical and stimulation of lipid peroxidation, lead to peroxidative damage to cell membranes and mitochondria. It is not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephaloridine
EcdysoneEcdysone
2007;12(3):536-42 Kuzmenko AI, Niki E, Noguchi N (2001). "New functions of 20-hydroxyecdysone in lipid peroxidation". Journal ... precursor in plants has been shown to have cytotoxic properties as well as antioxidant properties on lipid peroxidation. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecdysone
Oxidative stressOxidative stress
Other reactions include lipid peroxidation and oxidation of nucleobases. Metal-catalyzed oxidations also lead to irreversible ... Yoshida Y, Umeno A, Akazawa Y, Shichiri M, Murotomi K, Horie M (2015). "Chemistry of lipid peroxidation products and their use ... December 2013). "Signaling properties of 4-hydroxyalkenals formed by lipid peroxidation in diabetes". Free Radical Biology & ... For example, in Alzheimer's patients, peroxidized lipids and proteins accumulate in lysosomes of the brain cells. Certain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress
Vegetable oilVegetable oil
H. Ramachandra Prabhu (2000). "Lipid peroxidation in culinary oils subjected to thermal stress". Indian Journal of Clinical ... Cholesterol Decorticator Deodorizer Essential oils Fatty acid Fatty acid methyl ester Food extrusion Fragrance oil Lipid List ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil
Streptomyces chrestomyceticusStreptomyces chrestomyceticus
... a novel lipid peroxidation inhibitor from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure ... a novel lipid peroxidation inhibitor from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_chrestomyceticus
Radical (chemistry)Radical (chemistry)
Njie-Mbye, Ya Fatou; Kulkarni-Chitnis, Madhura; Opere, Catherine A.; Barrett, Aaron; Ohia, Sunny E. (2013). "Lipid peroxidation ... Njie-Mbye, Ya Fatou; Kulkarni-Chitnis, Madhura; Opere, Catherine A.; Barrett, Aaron; Ohia, Sunny E. (2013). "Lipid peroxidation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)
ColostrumColostrum
Gutteridge, J. M.; Smith, A. (15 December 1988). "Antioxidant protection by haemopexin of haem-stimulated lipid peroxidation". ... "Inhibition of Iron/Ascorbate-Induced Lipid Peroxidation by an N-Terminal Peptide of Bovine Lactoferrin and Its Acylated ... Maryland Cooperative Extension Benefits of Colostrum Usage of Bovine Colostrum alpha lipid colostrum (CS1 Slovak-language ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum
AutoxidationAutoxidation
Prabhu, H. Ramachandra (August 2000). "Lipid peroxidation in culinary oils subjected to thermal stress". Indian Journal of ... although it is generally an enzymatic process such as lipid peroxidation which proceeds via a different mechanism to the one ... Named after Geoffrey Gee and John Lawson Bolland Hammond, Earl G.; White, Pamela J. (July 2011). "A Brief History of Lipid ... Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids. 2: 51-98. doi:10.1016/0079-6832(54)90004-X. Helberg, Julian; Pratt, Derek A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoxidation
PyrrolostatinPyrrolostatin
... is a lipid peroxidation inhibitor with the molecular formula C15H21NO2 which has been isolated from the bacterium ... a novel lipid peroxidation inhibitor from Streptomyces chrestomyceticus. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure ... "Short and highly efficient synthesis of lipid peroxidation inhibitor pyrrolostatin and some analogues thereof". Organic & ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrolostatin
ViologenViologen
Bus, J S; Aust, S D; Gibson, J E (1 August 1976). "Paraquat toxicity: proposed mechanism of action involving lipid peroxidation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viologen
Molecular lesionMolecular lesion
Chung, F. L.; Chen, H. J.; Nath, R. G. (October 1996). "Lipid peroxidation as a potential endogenous source for the formation ... The aldehydes formed from lipid peroxidation also pose another threat to DNA. Proteins such as "damage-up" proteins (DDPs) can ... Propano adducts are derived by species generated by lipid peroxidation. For example, HNE is a major toxic product of the ... Some of the aldehydes from lipid peroxidation can be converted to epoxy aldehydes by oxidation reactions. These epoxy aldehydes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_lesion
Alpha-synucleinAlpha-synuclein
Angelova PR, Horrocks MH, Klenerman D, Gandhi S, Abramov AY, Shchepinov MS (May 2015). "Lipid peroxidation is essential for α- ... The aggregated alpha-synuclein has a specific activity for peroxidized lipids and induces lipid autoxidation in PUFA-rich ... Ruipérez V, Darios F, Davletov B (October 2010). "Alpha-synuclein, lipids and Parkinson's disease". Progress in Lipid Research ... Lipid autoxidation is inhibited if the cells are pre-incubated with isotope-reinforced PUFAs (D-PUFA). Although the function of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-synuclein
John Aitken (biologist)John Aitken (biologist)
Aitken RJ, Clarkson JS, Fishel S (July 1989). "Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and human sperm ... lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and effectiveness of antioxidants". Human Reproduction. 13 (6): 1429-36. doi:10.1093/ ... diagnostic and functional significance of aldehydes generated as a result of lipid peroxidation". Molecular Human Reproduction ... lipid aldehyde, menadione and arachidonic acid". Andrology. 1 (2): 192-205. doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00056.x. PMID 23316012 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Aitken_(biologist)
Laura NiedernhoferLaura Niedernhofer
... a Product of Lipid Peroxidation, is Mutagenic in Human Cells". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (33): 31426-31433. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Niedernhofer
SenescenceSenescence
Lipid peroxidation of the inner mitochondrial membrane reduces the electric potential and the ability to generate energy. It is ... Free radicals can damage proteins, lipids or DNA. Glycation mainly damages proteins. Damaged proteins and lipids accumulate in ... Old animals have larger amounts of oxidized proteins, DNA and lipids than their younger counterparts. One of the earliest aging ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence
DolicholDolichol
... induced by lipid peroxidation. Dolichol is a product of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway (also known as the mevalonate pathway), ... Dolichols are the major lipid component (14% by mass) of human substantia nigra (SN) neuromelanin. Dolichol phosphate was ... Polyprenols perform similar functions within bacteria; that is, they function as glycosyl carrier lipids involved in formation ... "Dolichol is the major lipid component of human substantia nigra neuromelanin". Journal of Neurochemistry. 92 (4): 990-995. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolichol
Di-deuterated linoleic acid ethyl esterDi-deuterated linoleic acid ethyl ester
... that gets incorporated into lipid membranes. The deuterated compound resists the non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) through ... RT001's mechanism of action both lowers lipid peroxidation and prevents mitochondrial cell death of neurons which is associated ... is resistant to lipid peroxidation which makes studies of its cell-protective properties worthwhile. Di-deuterated linoleic ... Demidov, Vadim V. (April 2020). "Site-specifically deuterated essential lipids as new drugs against neuronal, retinal and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di-deuterated_linoleic_acid_ethyl_ester
HemeHeme
It catalyzes the oxidation and aggregation of protein, the formation of cytotoxic lipid peroxide via lipid peroxidation and ... Due to its lipophilic properties, it impairs lipid bilayers in organelles such as mitochondria and nuclei. These properties of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heme
Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid
The polar chlorine disrupts lipid bilayers and could increase permeability. When chlorohydrin formation occurs in lipid ... In biology, hypochlorous acid is generated in activated neutrophils by myeloperoxidase-mediated peroxidation of chloride ions, ... "Modification of red cell membrane lipids by hypochlorous acid and haemolysis by preformed lipid chlorohydrins". Redox Report: ... Hypochlorous acid reacts with unsaturated bonds in lipids, but not saturated bonds, and the ClO− ion does not participate in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid
AngelicinAngelicin
The aerobic reactions cause lipid peroxidation whereas the anaerobic pathway leads to the conjugation of angelicin with ... Lipids are also susceptible to the photoinduced reactions with angelicin which can be either aerobic or anaerobic. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelicin
Plasma medicinePlasma medicine
... of nanoparticles after exposure to cold plasma is a clathrin-dependent membrane repair pathway caused by lipid peroxidation and ... lipids, and amino acids Plasma-assisted prodrug activation One of challenges is the application of non-thermal plasmas directly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_medicine
Helmut SiesHelmut Sies
Redox cycling and lipid peroxidation". Experientia. 37 (12): 1233-1241. doi:10.1007/BF01948335. PMID 7035210. S2CID 23991550. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Sies
Estradiol monopropionateEstradiol monopropionate
... iron nutritional status and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats". Die Nahrung. 37 (1): 28-34. doi:10.1002/food.19930370106. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_monopropionate
1-Octen-3-ol1-Octen-3-ol
Lipid biotechnology. Tsung Min Kuo, Harold W. Gardner. New York: Marcel Dekker. 2002. ISBN 0-585-40371-6. OCLC 48691412.{{cite ... 1-octen-3-ol is generated from the peroxidation of linoleic acid, catalyzed by a lipoxygenase, followed by cleavage of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Octen-3-ol
Methyl jasmonateMethyl jasmonate
... and membrane-lipid peroxidation. External application of methyl jasmonate has also shown a propensity for inducing an increased ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_jasmonate
PeroxisomePeroxisome
They perform key roles in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species. Peroxisomes are involved in the ... by means of the peroxidation reaction: H 2 O 2 + R ′ H 2 → R ′ + 2 H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{2}+\ ... Peroxisomes also interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cooperate in the synthesis of ether lipids (plasmalogens) ... lipid droplets, and lysosomes. Peroxisomes interact with mitochondria in several metabolic pathways, including β-oxidation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome
Acute inhalation injuryAcute inhalation injury
Cells exposed to these agents demonstrate significant ATP depletion, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, followed by death ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_inhalation_injury
ALDH7A1ALDH7A1
... lipid peroxidation, and other cases of oxidative stress, to their corresponding carboxylic acids . In addition, antiquitin ... are thought to play a major role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid peroxidation. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALDH7A1
David Fell (biochemist)David Fell (biochemist)
Their Importance in the Initiation of Lipid Peroxidation", Biomedical and Life Physics, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, pp. 137-144, doi ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Fell_(biochemist)
IdebenoneIdebenone
Suno M, Nagaoka A (May 1988). "[Effect of idebenone and various nootropic drugs on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idebenone
BleomycinBleomycin
In addition, these complexes also mediate lipid peroxidation and oxidation of other cellular molecules. Therefore, bleomycin is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleomycin
AKR1B1AKR1B1
... in glucose metabolism and osmoregulation and plays a protective role against toxic aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1B1
PhycocyaninPhycocyanin
C-PC is a metal binding antioxidant as it prevents lipid peroxidation from occurring. The peroxyl radicals are stabilized by ... pigment and lipid production in Spirulina platensis". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 56 (7): 521-8. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycocyanin
CU-2010 and CU-2020CU-2010 and CU-2020
... effects of the serine protease inhibitors result in a reduced amount of free radicals and less lipid peroxidation with the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CU-2010_and_CU-2020
OzoneOzone
... antioxidant mechanisms and lipid peroxidation". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 44 (2-3): 125-131. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone
ErastinErastin
Depletion of glutathione eventually leads to excessive lipid peroxidation and cell death. Erastin was first described in 2003. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erastin
Omega-6 fatty acidOmega-6 fatty acid
... portal Cattle feeding Essential fatty acid interactions Essential nutrients Inflammation Linolenic acid Lipid peroxidation ... "Biochemical Properties of Lipids". The Medical Biochemistry Page. 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2022-05-11. Tokar, Steve (2005-09-02 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid
ADH6ADH6
... and lipid peroxidation products. This gene is expressed in the stomach as well as in the liver, and it contains a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADH6
GlutathioneGlutathione
"Mechanism of interaction of vitamin E and glutathione in the protection against membrane lipid peroxidation". Annals of the New ... lipid peroxides, and heavy metals. It is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the carboxyl group of the glutamate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione
Ekrem BoyalıEkrem Boyalı
"The effect of vitamin E application on the levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and lactate during acute Taekwondo ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_Boyalı
Browsing by Subject Lipid PeroxidationBrowsing by Subject "Lipid Peroxidation"
Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation activity in evaluating hepatocellular damage in children  ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Lipid+Peroxidation&type=mesh
Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) Assay Kit sufficient for 100 colorimetric or fluorometric tests TBARS AssayLipid Peroxidation (MDA) Assay Kit sufficient for 100 colorimetric or fluorometric tests TBARS Assay
Lipid peroxidation (MDA) assay kit has been used to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). ... Lipid peroxidation is the degradation of lipids that occurs as a result of oxidative damage and is a useful marker for ... In this kit, lipid peroxidation is determined by the reaction of MDA with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form a colorimetric (532 ... Lipid peroxidation (MDA) assay kit has been used to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MY/en/product/sigma/mak085
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, a specific lipid peroxidation product, is elevated in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary...4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, a specific lipid peroxidation product, is elevated in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary...
... a highly reactive diffusible product of lipid peroxidation, is a key mediator of oxidant-induced cell sign … ... 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal, a specific lipid peroxidation product, is elevated in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary ... a highly reactive diffusible product of lipid peroxidation, is a key mediator of oxidant-induced cell signaling and apoptosis. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12186826/?dopt=Abstract
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Protective Effect of Fragaria ananassa Crude Extract on Cadmium-Induced Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Protective Effect of Fragaria ananassa Crude Extract on Cadmium-Induced Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant...
... testicular tissue revealed the induction of oxidative stress markers represented in the elevated level of lipid peroxidation ( ... 4.6.2. Lipid Peroxidation (LPO). LPO index in 10% testicular homogenate was performed by estimating the concentration of ... Figure 4. Effects of strawberry methanolic extract (SME) treatment on lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) levels and ... Figure 4. Effects of strawberry methanolic extract (SME) treatment on lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) levels and ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/5/957/htm
Plasma Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Falciparum Malaria in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and...Plasma Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Falciparum Malaria in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and...
Plasma Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Falciparum Malaria published on Dec 1993 by The American Society of ... To investigate the influence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation, plasma ascorbate, ... indicates ineffectiveness of the antioxidant defense system in controlling plasma lipid peroxide content. Increased amounts of ... thiobarbituric acid-reactive material could have been the result of spillover from increased tissue peroxidation or the ...
https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/49/6/article-p720.xml
WHO EMRO | Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation activity in evaluating hepatocellular damage in children | Volume 15,...
One of the lipid peroxidation products is MDA [1].. Currently, liver function tests such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ... Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation activity in evaluating hepatocellular damage in children ... The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of the antioxidant enzymes GR and GST-α and the lipid peroxidation ... The activity of GST-α has been shown to rise by oxygen radical to detoxify the toxic metabolites from lipid peroxidation caused ...
http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-15-2009/volume-15-issue-4/antioxidant-status-and-lipid-peroxidation-activity-in-evaluating-hepatocellular-damage-in-children.html
Diallyl disulfide attenuates non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing key regulators of lipid metabolism, lipid...Diallyl disulfide attenuates non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing key regulators of lipid metabolism, lipid...
DADS attenuated lipotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in HFD-fed mice. To investigate the role of DADS in lipotoxicity and lipid ... The potential mechanisms of the protective effects of DADS, in regard to lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, lipotoxicity and ... or HFD-induced NASH by suppressing key regulators of lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and inflammation; however, insulin ... alcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing key regulators of lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and inflammation in mice. Mol ...
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2019.10316
Citations: Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Dates and Dates-Camel-Milk Mixtures as a Protective Meal...Citations: Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Dates and Dates-Camel-Milk Mixtures as a Protective Meal...
Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Dates and Dates-Camel-Milk Mixtures as a Protective Meal against Lipid Peroxidation in ...
https://scialert.net/fulltext/citedby.php?doi=ajft.2010.22.30&org=10
Freeze-dried strawberry powder improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome: baseline and...Freeze-dried strawberry powder improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome: baseline and...
... as was lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal (-14%, p < 0.01). Oxidized-LDL showed a ... term supplementation of freeze-dried strawberries appeared to exert hypocholesterolemic effects and decrease lipid peroxidation ... We tested the hypothesis that freeze-dried strawberry powder (FSP) will lower fasting lipids and biomarkers of oxidative stress ... Basu, A., Wilkinson, M., Penugonda, K. et al. Freeze-dried strawberry powder improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in ...
https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-8-43
Impact of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles on selected serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and tissue gene expression of...Impact of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles on selected serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and tissue gene expression of...
... lipid peroxidation and tissue gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and cytokines in Japanese quail. Eighty Japanese quails ( ... From: Impact of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles on selected serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and tissue gene expression of ...
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-020-02482-5/figures/3
Global Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Market Research Report 2021 | Market Intelligence DataGlobal Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Market Research Report 2021 | Market Intelligence Data
Global Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Market Research Report 2021 ... 8.2 Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Distributors List. 8.3 Lipid ... 9.1 Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Industry Trends. 9.2 Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Growth Drivers. 9.3 Lipid Peroxidation ... 1 Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Market Overview. 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits. 1.2 Lipid ... 3.4.1 Europe Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Sales by Country. 3.4.2 Europe Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kits Revenue by Country. 3.4 ...
https://marketintelligencedata.com/reports/4951139/global-lipid-peroxidation-assay-kits-market-research-report-2021?vocenuova.tv
Assay and characterisation of lipid peroxidation products in model systems and body fluids from patients with multiple sclerosisAssay and characterisation of lipid peroxidation products in model systems and body fluids from patients with multiple sclerosis
Assay and characterisation of lipid peroxidation products in model systems and body fluids from patients with multiple ...
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/22430
Aldose reductase functions as a detoxification system for lipid peroxidation products in vasculitis - Fingerprint - Mayo...
Dive into the research topics of Aldose reductase functions as a detoxification system for lipid peroxidation products in ... Aldose reductase functions as a detoxification system for lipid peroxidation products in vasculitis. ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/aldose-reductase-functions-as-a-detoxification-system-for-lipid-p/fingerprints/
Levetiracetam treatment leads to functional recovery after thoracic or cervical injuries of the spinal cord | npj Regenerative...Levetiracetam treatment leads to functional recovery after thoracic or cervical injuries of the spinal cord | npj Regenerative...
We found that lipid peroxidation was reduced in LEV-treated animals. Lipid peroxidation is triggered when highly reactive ... 3: LEV treatment promotes neuroprotection by modulating glutamate excitotoxicity and reducing lipid peroxidation.. ... Western blot, lipid peroxidation, HPLC, ABT, GW, MST, GS, EPT, and histological data was analyzed using the Students t-test. ... d LEV promoted a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation on spinal cord tissue 24 h post injury. Saline n = 6; LEV n = 6. ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41536-021-00121-7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d22ed38b-9020-48da-b217-e30f08c89ca1
IMSEAR at SEARO: Dust-mites: effect on lipid peroxidation.
Atambay M, Karabulut AB, Aycan OM, Kilic E, Yazar S, Saraymen R, Karaman U, Daldal N. Dust-mites: effect on lipid peroxidation ... METHODS: Products of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and lymphocytes were assessed by measuring malondialdehyde ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/118384?mode=full
Lipid peroxidation | Pharmacognosy JournalLipid peroxidation | Pharmacognosy Journal
Antiradical and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory Activity of Ripe and Unripe Fruit of Rubus steudneri Schweinf. (Rosaceae). 4 ... Tender Coconut Water Inhibits the Process of Lipid Peroxidation, Reduce Glucose Levels and Increase Plasma Insulin in Pregnant ...
https://phcogj.com/tags/lipid-peroxidation
Angiotensin II inhibitor DuP753 attenuates burn- and endotoxin-induced gut ischemia, lipid peroxidation, mucosal permeability,...Angiotensin II inhibitor DuP753 attenuates burn- and endotoxin-induced gut ischemia, lipid peroxidation, mucosal permeability,...
Plasma conjugated dienes (PCDs), an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured every 6 hours. Intestinal permeability was ... Plasma conjugated dienes (PCDs), an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured every 6 hours. Intestinal permeability was ... Plasma conjugated dienes (PCDs), an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured every 6 hours. Intestinal permeability was ... Plasma conjugated dienes (PCDs), an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured every 6 hours. Intestinal permeability was ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/angiotensin-ii-inhibitor-dup753-attenuates-burn-and-endotoxin-ind
Impacts of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants on Semen FunctionsImpacts of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants on Semen Functions
... lipid peroxidation, and loss of motility and viability but, many evidences demonstrate that low and controlled concentrations ... 9. Lipid Peroxidation-Detrimental Effects on Sperm Functions. Lipid peroxides are spontaneously generated in the sperm plasma ... Lipid peroxidation induced by H. 2. O. 2. not only disrupts sperm motility, but, also impairs all the sperm functions which are ... "The thiobarbituric acid assay reflects susceptibility to oxygen induced lipid peroxidation in vitro rather than levels of lipid ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/vmi/2011/686137/
Frontiers | Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous LeishmaniasisFrontiers | Immunomodulation From Moderate Exercise Promotes Control of Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation Indices. The lipid peroxidation dosage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-TBARs) was ... The animals used in these dosages, lactate (n = 15) and lipid peroxidation (n = 15), did not participate of the experimental ... The blood was centrifuged for 10 min at 1,000 g and the plasma was isolated to perform an assay for lipid peroxidation. The ... In addition, there was a change of 88% in lipid peroxidation from the rest group (1.52 μM of MDA) to moderate exercised group ( ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00115/full
IMSEAR at SEARO: Influence of cigarette smoking on Vitamin C, glutathione and lipid peroxidation status.
There has been a growing interest during recent years in the role of free radicals and lipid-peroxidation at tissue-level for ... Free radicals and increased lipid peroxidation play a significant role for causation of human diseases by oxidative damage and ... Influence of cigarette smoking on Vitamin C, glutathione and lipid peroxidation status. Indian Journal of Public Health. 1998 ... Influence of cigarette smoking on Vitamin C, glutathione and lipid peroxidation status. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/109277
Homocystinuria/Homocysteinemia: Overview, Pathophysiology, EpidemiologyHomocystinuria/Homocysteinemia: Overview, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Lipid peroxidation. * Upregulation of prothrombotic factors (XII and V). * Downregulation of antithrombotic factors or ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/1952251-115715/what-is-the-prognosis-of-homocystinuria
SearchSearch
Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against atherosclerosis by lowering lipid peroxidation and...
D-PUFAs, therefore, represent a promising new strategy to broadly reduce rates of lipid peroxidation, and combat ... We aimed at investigating the effect of D-PUFA treatment on lipid peroxidation, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis ... are more resistant to reactive oxygen species-initiated chain reaction of lipid peroxidation than regular hydrogenated (H-) ... improve cholesterol handling and reduce atherosclerosis development by reducing lipid peroxidation and plasma cholesterol ...
https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/702433
tbars assay for lipid peroxidation Archives - MIT International Polymer Trade Corporationtbars assay for lipid peroxidation Archives - MIT International Polymer Trade Corporation
Tag: tbars assay for lipid peroxidation. Polyethylene Glycol Fusion of Nerve Injuries: Review of the Technique and Clinical ...
https://www.micchem.com/tag/tbars-assay-for-lipid-peroxidation/
Estrogen protects against brain lipid peroxidation in ethanol-withdrawn rats<...
Jung, M. E., Rewal, M., Perez, E., Wen, Y., & Simpkins, J. W. (2004). Estrogen protects against brain lipid peroxidation in ... Estrogen protects against brain lipid peroxidation in ethanol-withdrawn rats. Marianna E. Jung, Mridula Rewal, Evelyn Perez, Yi ... Jung, ME, Rewal, M, Perez, E, Wen, Y & Simpkins, JW 2004, Estrogen protects against brain lipid peroxidation in ethanol- ... These data suggest that EW rather than ethanol enhances brain lipid peroxidation that is transient and brain-region specific. ...
https://experts.unthsc.edu/en/publications/estrogen-protects-against-brain-lipid-peroxidation-in-ethanol-wit
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 46 Issue 1Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 46 Issue 1
Lipid peroxidation in stroke patients. Gianna Ferretti, Tiziana Bacchetti, Simona Masciangelo, Laura Nanetti, Laura Mazzanti, ... Conclusions : Our results demonstrate that the oxidant/antioxidant balance was spoiled in favor of lipid peroxidation and DNA ... Increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its relationship with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamins in lung ... lipid peroxidation and the severity of neurological deficit at admission were observed. Conclusions : These results provide ...
https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/cclm/46/1/html
Pyrocatechol, a component of coffee, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2 |...Pyrocatechol, a component of coffee, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2 |...
showed that melanoidin fractions in coffee exerted antioxidant activity and protected lipid peroxidation33. Therefore, it is ... Isolation of high molecular weight components and contribution to the protective activity of coffee against lipid peroxidation ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59380-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=970d1222-7b9c-4f10-a5de-fa36a01afc50
Tardive Dyskinesia: Overview, Pathophysiology, EtiologyTardive Dyskinesia: Overview, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Neurodegeneration secondary to lipid peroxidation or excitotoxic mechanisms may be responsible. Although the dopamine D2 ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1151826-overview
SciELO - Ciência Rural, Volume: 52, Issue: 1, Published: 2022SciELO - Ciência Rural, Volume: 52, Issue: 1, Published: 2022
... and lipid peroxidation. At the end of March 2015, the plants were already dormant, and the leaves and fruits present indicated ... The biomass of C. sorokiniana BR001 cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium showed a total lipid content of 1.9 times higher (23.8 ... C. sorokiniana BR001 was cultivated using a low-nitrogen medium to trigger the accumulation of neutral lipids and neutral ... and lipids (87-93%) also showed no significant differences. We concluded that 100% PLM can replace 100% SM in feeding fry of O ...
https://www.scielo.br/j/cr/i/2022.v52n1/
MalondialdehydeOxidationSerumMetabolismFree radicalsRatsDegradation of lipidsReactiveBrain lipidAtherosclerosisSuperoxide dismutaseLipoproteinsBiomarkersSusceptibilityProteinsThiobarbituric acidTissueBiochemicalAntioxidantsMicrosomalMETHODSByproductsTissuesSignificantlyArachidonic acidH2O2QuantificationAntioxidant vitaminsHypercholesterolemiaMarkersPolyunsaturated fattySynapticLevelsAmino acidsConcentrationsInhibitsApoptosisMetabolicDienesSupplementationBody compositionCardiovascular diseasesRadicalsPatientsDamageProtects
Malondialdehyde14
  • Polyunsaturated lipids are susceptible to an oxidative attack, typically by reactive oxygen species, resulting in a well-defined chain reaction with the production of end products such as malondialdehyde (MDA). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Lipid peroxidation (MDA) assay kit has been used to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • To investigate the influence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation, plasma ascorbate, urate, total protein and albumin, ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in two groups of 42 patients each, one with mild and the other with severe falciparum malaria, and in an equal number of age- and sex-matched control subjects. (ajtmh.org)
  • In addition, DADS markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation by modulating malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase, and it also decreased tumor necrosis factor‑α production, interleukin‑6 production and macrophage influx, as well as suppressing nuclear factor‑κB activation, indicating suppression of MCD‑induced hepatic inflammation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • METHODS: Products of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and lymphocytes were assessed by measuring malondialdehyde concentration. (who.int)
  • Lipid peroxidation varieties reactive aldehydes similar to malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4- HNE) as pure bi-products. (biorag.org)
  • Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. (ac.ir)
  • Malondialdehyde activity (MDA) was considered to reflect the degree of lipid peroxidation. (sdu.edu.tr)
  • Anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance and ultrasound were performed, as well serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers ( malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase ) and inflammatory markers ( C-reactive protein and Interleukin-1 ß) were determined. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the other hand , when used on the abdomen and flanks, it produced an increase in lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase . (bvsalud.org)
  • Free radicals exert their cytotoxic effect by peroxidation of lipid membrane resulting in the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). (tci-thaijo.org)
  • The lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), protein oxidation (protein carbonyl Figure eight. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • In the trial, as salt concentration increased, total phenolics and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) content) increased compared to the control. (bozok.edu.tr)
  • This study aimed to measure the fasting serum lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) and determine the atherogenic index as well as the cardiovascular risk ratio among hypertensive patients in Kano, Nigeria . (bvsalud.org)
Oxidation3
  • They induce cellular damages when they pass this unpaired electron onto nearby cellular structures, resulting in oxidation of cell membrane lipids, amino acids in proteins or within nucleic acids [ 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Objective: This research was conducted to assess serum markers of protein oxidation, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation levels in ovarian cancer. (maejournal.com)
  • Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. (bvsalud.org)
Serum3
  • The fasting serum lipid profile and MDA were assayed using routine laboratory methods . (bvsalud.org)
  • 12 Saral Y, Coskun BK, Ozturk P, Karatas F, Ayar A. Assessment of salivary and serum antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Over the last decade, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics have become established as the key platforms for comprehensive profiling of polar metabolites and complex lipids in biological samples (plasma, serum, urine, tissues). (cas.cz)
Metabolism6
  • Taken together, the results have shown that DADS exerts beneficial effects on MCD‑ or HFD‑induced NASH by suppressing key regulators of lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and inflammation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previous evidence has demonstrated that NASH can be induced by several factors, such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, genetic susceptibility, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hepatoma cells show alterations in the response to oxidative stress (decreased lipid peroxidation) and in xenobiotic metabolism enzymes (decreased P450, increased GST and ALDH3). (unige.it)
  • We aimed at investigating the effect of D-PUFA treatment on lipid peroxidation, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development.Transgenic APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for human-like lipoprotein metabolism, were pre-treated with D-PUFAs or control H-PUFAs-containing diet (1.2%, w/w) for 4 weeks. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It was concluded that changes in the functioning of AOS and intensity of lipid peroxidation processes are characterized by organ-tissue metabolic features and age peculiarities of metabolism that is most expressed in the myocardium. (org.ua)
  • 2008. Effects of long-term plant sterol or stanol ester consumption on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects on statin treatment. (csic.es)
Free radicals6
  • There has been a growing interest during recent years in the role of free radicals and lipid-peroxidation at tissue-level for the causation of cancer and other age-related diseases like atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cataract etc. (who.int)
  • Free radicals and increased lipid peroxidation play a significant role for causation of human diseases by oxidative damage and functional degeneration of the tissues. (who.int)
  • On this course of free radicals take electrons from the lipids (usually in cell membranes), resulting in cell hurt. (biorag.org)
  • Several processes stimulate the production of free radicals or deplete the antioxidant defense, which if not regulated properly, may cause oxidative stress in the organisms, leading to damage in DNA, proteins or lipids. (nio.org)
  • Ultraviolet radiation can cause peroxidation of lipids in cellular membranes, leading to generation of free radicals, which could stimulate melanocytes to produce excess melanin. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence exists that states that it can neutralise free radicals, prevent peroxidation of lipids and protects the cardiovascular system, hepatobiliary system, immune system, neuronal system and pulmonary system 4 . (randox.com)
Rats2
  • Each antioxidant alone significantly lowered the levels of plasma lipid peroxidation, cardiac and hepatic protein glycation in diabetic rats but vitamin E treatment was found to be more effective than ST treatment alone. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
  • BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the effects of zinc and melatonin supplementation on lipid peroxidation in the brain cortex in DMBA-induced breast cancer in female rats. (karatay.edu.tr)
Degradation of lipids2
  • Lipid peroxidation is the degradation of lipids that occurs as a result of oxidative damage and is a useful marker for oxidative stress. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Lipid peroxidation refers again to the oxidative degradation of lipids. (biorag.org)
Reactive8
  • 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a highly reactive diffusible product of lipid peroxidation, is a key mediator of oxidant-induced cell signaling and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • Increased amounts of thiobarbituric acid-reactive material could have been the result of spillover from increased tissue peroxidation or the presence of pro-oxidants in malarial plasma. (ajtmh.org)
  • Isotopic-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFAs) are more resistant to reactive oxygen species-initiated chain reaction of lipid peroxidation than regular hydrogenated (H-)PUFAs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, restoration of lipid peroxidation in hepatoma cells seems to induce a rapid adaptation to oxidative stress, which is achieved by a simultaneous decrease of reactive oxygen species production and an increase in the two main enzymes involved in the removal of the aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation. (unige.it)
  • The lipid peroxidation was determined by thiobarbituric acid test and reported as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and the level of tocopherol was determined by HPLC. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Of interest is the role of hydroxyl radicals in initiating peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and generation of α,β-unsaturated reactive 4-hydroxyalkenals that avidly form covalent adducts with nucleophilic moieties in proteins, phospholipids and nucleic acids. (unicatt.it)
  • Lipid peroxidation results in generation of a variety of lipid hydroperoxides and other highly reactive species that covalently modify proteins, nucleic acids, and other lipids, thus resulting in lipotoxicity. (elsevier.com)
  • Hyperglycemia leads to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and protein glycation that may impair cellular calcium homeostasis and results in calcium sequestration and dysfunction in diabetic tissues. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
Brain lipid3
  • These data suggest that EW rather than ethanol enhances brain lipid peroxidation that is transient and brain-region specific. (unthsc.edu)
  • Estrogens protect against the brain lipid peroxidation in a manner independent of blood ethanol concentrations (Supported by NIH/NIAAA 013864). (unthsc.edu)
  • The aim of this book is to provide for the first time a comprehensive overview of brain lipid structures, and to explain the roles of these lipids in synaptic function, and in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's and Parkinson's. (elsevier.com)
Atherosclerosis6
  • Lipid peroxidation may contribute to the pathology of many diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer′s. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against atherosclerosis by lowering lipid peroxidation and hypercholesterolemia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We aimed at investigating the effect of D-PUFA treatment on lipid peroxidation, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: D-PUFAs reduce body weight gain, improve cholesterol handling and reduce atherosclerosis development by reducing lipid peroxidation and plasma cholesterol levels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Erythrocyte susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. (ac.ir)
  • Finally, D-PUFAs reduced atherosclerotic lesion area formation throughout the aortic root of the heart (-26%).D-PUFAs reduce body weight gain, improve cholesterol handling and reduce atherosclerosis development by reducing lipid peroxidation and plasma cholesterol levels. (ox.ac.uk)
Superoxide dismutase1
  • In our article, we have summarized the research carried out using glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in snails exposed to various toxicants and their implication in the environmental monitoring programs. (nio.org)
Lipoproteins2
  • Vitamin C, a well-known dietary antioxidant, and other enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione can protect the lipids of lipoproteins and other biomembranes against peroxidative damage by intercepting oxidants before they can attack the tissues. (who.int)
  • Lipids and lipoproteins in cardiovascular diseases: a classification. (ac.ir)
Biomarkers1
  • We tested the hypothesis that freeze-dried strawberry powder (FSP) will lower fasting lipids and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation at four weeks compared to baseline. (biomedcentral.com)
Susceptibility1
  • Concentrations of α-tocopherol, parameters of endogenous lipid peroxidation and susceptibility to in vitro oxidative stress were measured in neural tissues from four patients with FA and four controls. (iospress.com)
Proteins5
  • All cellular components including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars are potential targets of oxidative stress [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, brain lipids play a key role in the generation and neurotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins involved in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. (elsevier.com)
  • Likewise, fruits harvested in the sunny side of trees had a extra speedy accumulation of MDA, PCG, and IL during 35 days of cold storage.Horticulturae 2021, 7,ten ofHorticulturae 2021, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEWThe modify in lipids and proteins in cell membranes resulting from cold storage tension terminated ten of 11 MDA and PCG accumulation. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • This is done by lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl formation 10 , and also by specific nitration and nitrosylation of proteins important for monoamine synthesis and release, including VMAT-2 and tyrosine & tryptophan hydroxylase 7 , 11 , 12 . (stackexchange.com)
  • We develop and use liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS, CE-MS) methods for in-depth characterization and quantification of complex lipids ( lipidome ), polar metabolites ( metabolome ), various exogenous compounds such as food components and drugs ( exposome ), and proteins ( proteome ). (cas.cz)
Thiobarbituric acid1
  • In this kit, lipid peroxidation is determined by the reaction of MDA with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form a colorimetric (532 nm)/fluorometric (λ ex = 532/λ em = 553 nm) product, proportional to the MDA present. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Tissue2
  • Thus the increased pathogenicity of the smoking may also be due to indirect biochemical effect of enhanced oxidative stress by increased lipid-peroxidation and lowered Vitamin C & other antioxidants at tissue-level. (who.int)
  • This study aimed to assess the effects of DPS extract as a dietary supplementation at on the body composition, lipid peroxidation and tissue quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on the total volatile nitrogen (TVN) test. (aquadocs.org)
Biochemical1
  • During the transformation of the erythrocyte with S hemoglobin in sickle erythrocyte among the biochemical events there is the oxidative degradation of this hemoglobin releasing degradation products, Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ complexes that attack the cell membrane resulting in lipid hydroperoxides and peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals. (fapesp.br)
Antioxidants1
  • The presence of significant quantities of ascorbate and albumin, along with increases in some of the other antioxidants and MDA, indicates ineffectiveness of the antioxidant defense system in controlling plasma lipid peroxide content. (ajtmh.org)
Microsomal3
  • The extent of microsomal lipid peroxidation was measured. (cdc.gov)
  • Microsomal lipid peroxidation was significantly increased at all time points. (cdc.gov)
  • Microsomal lipid peroxidation. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS1
  • We have successfully integrated LC-MS methods for targeted and untargeted analysis of lipids, polar metabolites, and exposome compounds (LIMeX) for diverse sample types and used them for studies focused on cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, lipogenesis, circadian rhythms, and drug adherence. (cas.cz)
Byproducts1
  • We speculate from these data that aldehydic byproducts of lipid peroxidation may be responsible for these effects. (unige.it)
Tissues1
  • Compared to mice fed an hydrogenated-PUFA control diet, those fed D-PUFA for 5 months exhibited high levels of incorporation of deuterium into arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and reduced concentrations of lipid peroxidation products (F2 isoprostanes and neuroprostanes), in the brain tissues. (retrotope.com)
Significantly2
  • Memantine treatment significantly reduced lipid peroxidation levels in the treatment group compared with other groups (P (sdu.edu.tr)
  • Treatment with M. pruriens significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation, elevated spermatogenesis, and improved sperm motility. (nih.gov)
Arachidonic acid1
  • To induce oxidative stress, cells were exposed to arachidonic acid (to increase lipid peroxidation substrate) and/or to b-naphthoflavone (to increase CYP450), and treated with one dose of iron/histidine. (unige.it)
H2O22
  • hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation. (scielo.br)
  • Compared to barley, maize plants were more tolerant to arsenate-induced oxidative stress (less H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels). (cu.edu.eg)
Quantification1
  • Quantification of lipid peroxidation is essential to judge oxidative stress. (biorag.org)
Antioxidant vitamins1
  • Furthermore, in the seminal plasma of all the infertile groups, the levels of lipids, antioxidant vitamins, and corrected fructose were recovered after a decrease in lipid peroxides after treatment. (nih.gov)
Hypercholesterolemia1
  • D-PUFAs, therefore, represent a promising new strategy to broadly reduce rates of lipid peroxidation, and combat hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases. (ox.ac.uk)
Markers4
  • Cryolipolysis on More than One Body Area Increases Lipid Peroxidation without Changing Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present study, the effects of cryolipolysis on one and multiple body areas, assessing body composition , lipid profile and peroxidation and inflammatory markers were investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cryolipolysis did not change body composition , lipid profile or inflammatory markers investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Treatments that increased markers indicative of lipid peroxidation are associated with a decrease in enzyme activities, which was permanent for CYP1A1 and transient for the other enzymes. (unige.it)
Polyunsaturated fatty1
  • Recent findings suggest that lipid peroxidation can be inhibited by replacement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with isotope-reinforced (deuterated) PUFA (D-PUFA), and that D-PUFA can protect neurons in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. (retrotope.com)
Synaptic2
  • In synaptic membranes, brain lipids specifically interact with neurotransmitter receptors and control their activity. (elsevier.com)
  • Considerable evidence suggests that lipid peroxidation contributes to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal degeneration, both upstream and downstream of Aβ pathology. (retrotope.com)
Levels4
  • A group of adult male smokers in this study were found to have lowered Vitamin 'C' & glutathione levels, but increased lipid-peroxide levels in their blood. (who.int)
  • Therefore, the levels of lipid peroxidation and tocopherol in plasma and erythrocytes of the patients were measured. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Before and after the treatment, seminal plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxide, fructose, and antioxidant vitamin levels were measured. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment also recovered the levels of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and vitamin A, C, and E and corrected fructose in seminal plasma of infertile men. (nih.gov)
Amino acids1
  • Nutrient sensing mechanisms of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids operate distinct pathways that are essential for the adaptation to varying metabolic conditions. (unicatt.it)
Concentrations1
  • Although high concentrations of the ROS cause sperm pathology (ATP depletion) leading to insufficient axonemal phosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, and loss of motility and viability but, many evidences demonstrate that low and controlled concentrations of these ROS play an important role in sperm physiological processes such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, and signaling processes to ensure fertilization. (hindawi.com)
Inhibits1
  • This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the treatment with ST inhibits calcium accumulation, reduces lipid peroxidation and protein glycation and can change Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in diabetic animals. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
Apoptosis1
  • Intracellular ROS generation has the capacity to induce DNA damage, alter signal transduction, and cause lipid peroxidation leading to either apoptosis or carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic1
  • Thus, short-term supplementation of freeze-dried strawberries appeared to exert hypocholesterolemic effects and decrease lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
Dienes1
  • Plasma conjugated dienes (PCDs), an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured every 6 hours. (utmb.edu)
Supplementation1
  • 2006. Blood lipid responses to plant stanol ester supplementation and aerobic exercise training. (csic.es)
Body composition1
  • Cryolipolysis did not change anthropometric measurements, body composition or lipid profile. (bvsalud.org)
Cardiovascular diseases1
  • Lipid ratios that predict and identify an individual's increased risk for cardiovascular diseases were then determined from the results of the profile. (bvsalud.org)
Radicals1
  • Curcumin is a strong antioxidant, that seems to protect the brain from lipid peroxidation and nitric-oxide-based radicals. (aquanova.de)
Patients2
  • This study demonstrated an increased occurrence of atherogenic lipid profile and oxidative stress among hypertensive patients . (bvsalud.org)
  • Considering the high incidence of AF in our country and the several clinical manifestations in patients, this study aims to investigate polymorphisms of GSTs (GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1) and determine its influence on oxidative parameters - lipid peroxidation by MDA and DNA damage by micronucleus and comet in patients with AF. (fapesp.br)
Damage2
  • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common clinicopathological disease characterized by lipid deposition, inflammatory lesions and hepatocyte damage, which may induce varying degrees of liver cirrhosis or result in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Abnormal ROS production leads to proximal tubular necrosis via lipid peroxidation of membrane lipids, protein denaturation, and DNA damage 7 - 8 . (ijpsr.com)
Protects1
  • α-Tocopherol is a required, lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects PUFA. (oregonstate.edu)
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