Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Lipid Metabolism
Metabolic Diseases
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders
Iron Metabolism Disorders
Lipids
Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Encyclopedias as Topic
Lipase
Triglycerides
Liver
Lipid A
Glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Insulin
Emulsions
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
Lipoprotein-X
Propofol
Health Personnel
ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with cardiac fibrosis and hepatic steatosis caused by a mutation in the mitochondrial trifunctional protein beta-subunit. (1/74)
Using the metabolomics-guided screening coupled to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mediated mutagenesis, we identified mice that exhibited elevated levels of long-chain acylcarnitines. Whole genome homozygosity mapping with 262 SNP markers mapped the disease gene to chromosome 5 where candidate genes Hadha and Hadhb, encoding the mitochondria trifunctional protein (MTP) alpha- and beta-subunits, respectively, are located. Direct sequencing revealed a normal alpha-subunit, but detected a nucleotide T-to-A transversion in exon 14 (c.1210T>A) of beta-subunit (Hadhb) which resulted in a missense mutation of methionine to lysine (M404K). Western blot analysis showed a significant reduction of both the alpha- and beta-subunits, consistent with reduced enzyme activity in both the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and the long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activities. These mice had a decreased weight gain and cardiac arrhythmias which manifested from a prolonged PR interval to a complete atrio-ventricular dissociation, and died suddenly between 9 and 16 months of age. Histopathological studies showed multifocal cardiac fibrosis and hepatic steatosis. This mouse model will be useful to further investigate the mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenesis relating to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and to investigate pathophysiology and treatment strategies for human MTP deficiency. (+info)Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mediates the pro-lipogenic effects of dietary saturated fat. (2/74)
Dietary saturated fats have often been implicated in the promotion of obesity and related disorders. It has been shown recently that saturated fats act through the transcription factor SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) and its requisite coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1beta (PGC-1beta), to exert their pro-lipogenic effects. We show here that a diet high in the saturated fat stearate induces lipogenic genes in wild-type mice, with the induction of the Scd1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1) gene preceding that of other lipogenic genes. However, in Scd1-/- mice, stearate does not induce lipogenesis, and Srebp-1c and Pgc-1beta levels are markedly reduced. Instead, genes of fatty acid oxidation such as Cpt-1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1) as well as Pgc-1alpha are induced. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is increased, and white adipose tissue and hepatic glycogen stores are depleted in stearate-fed Scd1-/- mice. Furthermore, AMP-activated protein kinase is also induced by stearate feeding in Scd1-/- mice. These results indicate that the desaturation of saturated fats such as stearate by SCD is an essential step mediating their induction of lipogenesis. In the absence of SCD1, stearate promotes oxidation, leading to protection from saturated fat-induced obesity. SCD1 thus serves as a molecular switch in the promotion or prevention of lipid-induced disorders brought on by consumption of excess saturated fat. (+info)Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. (3/74)
Although abnormal glucose metabolism defines type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and accounts for many of its symptoms and complications, efforts to understand the pathogenesis of T2DM are increasingly focused on disordered lipid metabolism. Here we review recent human studies exploring the mechanistic links between disorders of fatty acid/lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. As "mouse models of insulin resistance" were comprehensively reviewed in Physiological Reviews by Nandi et al. in 2004, we will concentrate on human studies involving the use of isotopes and/or magnetic resonance spectroscopy, occasionally drawing on mouse models which provide additional mechanistic insight. (+info)Hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by carnitine deficiency. (4/74)
Carnitine is an essential co-factor in fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine deficiency can impair fatty acid oxidation, rarely leading to hyperammonemia and encephalopathy. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman who developed acute mental status changes, asterixis, and diffuse muscle weakness. Her ammonia level was elevated at 276 microg/dL. Traditional ammonia-reducing therapies were initiated, but proved ineffective. Pharmacologic, microbial, and autoimmune causes for the hyperammonemia were excluded. The patient was severely malnourished and her carnitine level was found to be extremely low. After carnitine supplementation, ammonia levels normalized and the patient's mental status returned to baseline. In the setting of refractory hyperammonemia, this case illustrates how careful investigation may reveal a treatable condition. (+info)ApoB100,LDLR-/- mice exhibit reduced electroretinographic response and cholesteryl esters deposits in the retina. (5/74)
(+info)Carbohydrate and lipid disorders and relevant considerations in persons with spinal cord injury. (6/74)
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of carbohydrate and lipid disorders in adults with chronic spinal cord injury and evaluate their risk contribution to cardiovascular diseases and the potential impact of exercise and pharmacologic and dietary therapies to alter these disorders and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database and Web sites of the American Spinal Injury Association, American Paraplegia Society, Paralyzed Veterans of America, Consortium of Spinal Cord Medicine, and WorldCat through August 2007. REVIEW METHODS: English language observational studies addressing prevalence of carbohydrate and lipid disorders were included if they evaluated at least 100 adults with chronic spinal cord injury or a total of 100 subjects if using a control group. Epidemiologic investigations of more than 50 adults with spinal cord injury that were published in English after 1990 and reported cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were abstracted. Intervention studies from 1996-2007 were included regardless of design or size if they assessed exercise, diet, or pharmacologic therapies and reported carbohydrate, lipid, or cardiovascular outcomes. RESULTS: The quality of evidence regarding the prevalence, impact, and outcomes of carbohydrate and lipid disorders in adults with chronic spinal cord injuries is weak. Evidence is limited by relatively few studies, small sample size, lack of appropriate control groups, failure to adjust for known confounding variables, and variation in reported outcomes. However, the existing evidence does not indicate that adults with spinal cord injuries are at markedly greater risk for carbohydrate and lipid disorders or subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than able-bodied adults. Body mass index is not reliable for assessing body composition, especially percent body fat, in adults with spinal cord injury. There are no high quality studies evaluating the impact of exercise, diet, or pharmacologic therapies on these disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence does not support incorporating SCI status as an independent variable to assess risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality or to alter diagnostic/treatment thresholds compared to able-bodied adults. Furthermore, individuals with SCI may have unique physiologic differences compared to able-bodied individuals. As a result, it is uncertain that findings from studies conducted in able-bodied adults evaluating efficacy and harms of interventions to improve carbohydrate, lipid disorders, and subsequent CVD can be extrapolated to individuals with SCI. The role of exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries represents a unique challenge and requires further exploration into the benefits, harms, and resource implications of broad-based spinal cord injury exercise programs. (+info)Hormonal contraception and HIV-positive women: metabolic concerns and management strategies. (7/74)
(+info)Severe steatohepatitis in a patient with a rare neutral lipid storage disorder due to ABHD5 mutation. (8/74)
(+info)Lipid metabolism disorders are a group of conditions that result from abnormalities in the breakdown, transport, or storage of lipids (fats) in the body. These disorders can lead to an accumulation of lipids in various tissues and organs, causing them to function improperly.
There are several types of lipid metabolism disorders, including:
1. Hyperlipidemias: These are conditions characterized by high levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood. They can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis.
2. Hypercholesterolemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, in the blood. It can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
3. Hypocholesterolemias: These are conditions characterized by low levels of cholesterol in the blood. Some of these disorders may be associated with an increased risk of cancer and neurological disorders.
4. Hypertriglyceridemias: These are conditions characterized by high levels of triglycerides in the blood. They can increase the risk of pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease.
5. Lipodystrophies: These are conditions characterized by abnormalities in the distribution of body fat, which can lead to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and high levels of triglycerides.
6. Disorders of fatty acid oxidation: These are conditions that affect the body's ability to break down fatty acids for energy, leading to muscle weakness, liver dysfunction, and in some cases, life-threatening neurological complications.
Lipid metabolism disorders can be inherited or acquired, and their symptoms and severity can vary widely depending on the specific disorder and the individual's overall health status. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medications, and dietary modifications to help manage lipid levels and prevent complications.
Calcium metabolism disorders refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the body's ability to properly regulate the levels of calcium in the blood and tissues. Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in many bodily functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting.
There are several types of calcium metabolism disorders, including:
1. Hypocalcemia: This is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by various factors such as vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and certain medications. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, spasms, and tingling sensations in the fingers and toes.
2. Hypercalcemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by various factors such as hyperparathyroidism, cancer, and certain medications. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, confusion, and kidney stones.
3. Osteoporosis: This is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones due to low calcium levels in the bones. It can be caused by various factors such as aging, menopause, vitamin D deficiency, and certain medications. Symptoms may include bone fractures and loss of height.
4. Paget's disease: This is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth and deformities due to disordered calcium metabolism. It can be caused by various factors such as genetics, age, and certain medications. Symptoms may include bone pain, fractures, and deformities.
Treatment for calcium metabolism disorders depends on the underlying cause of the condition. It may involve supplements, medication, dietary changes, or surgery. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications such as kidney stones, bone fractures, and neurological damage.
Lipid metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down and utilizes lipids (fats) for various functions, such as energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone synthesis. This complex process involves several enzymes and pathways that regulate the digestion, absorption, transport, storage, and consumption of fats in the body.
The main types of lipids involved in metabolism include triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids. The breakdown of these lipids begins in the digestive system, where enzymes called lipases break down dietary fats into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. These molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver, which is the main site of lipid metabolism.
In the liver, fatty acids may be further broken down for energy production or used to synthesize new lipids. Excess fatty acids may be stored as triglycerides in specialized cells called adipocytes (fat cells) for later use. Cholesterol is also metabolized in the liver, where it may be used to synthesize bile acids, steroid hormones, and other important molecules.
Disorders of lipid metabolism can lead to a range of health problems, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These conditions may be caused by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, or a combination of both. Proper diagnosis and management of lipid metabolism disorders typically involves a combination of dietary changes, exercise, and medication.
Metabolic diseases are a group of disorders caused by abnormal chemical reactions in your body's cells. These reactions are part of a complex process called metabolism, where your body converts the food you eat into energy.
There are several types of metabolic diseases, but they most commonly result from:
1. Your body not producing enough of certain enzymes that are needed to convert food into energy.
2. Your body producing too much of certain substances or toxins, often due to a genetic disorder.
Examples of metabolic diseases include phenylketonuria (PKU), diabetes, and gout. PKU is a rare condition where the body cannot break down an amino acid called phenylalanine, which can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. Diabetes is a common disorder that occurs when your body doesn't produce enough insulin or can't properly use the insulin it produces, leading to high blood sugar levels. Gout is a type of arthritis that results from too much uric acid in the body, which can form crystals in the joints and cause pain and inflammation.
Metabolic diseases can be inherited or acquired through environmental factors such as diet or lifestyle choices. Many metabolic diseases can be managed with proper medical care, including medication, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications.
Phosphorus metabolism disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the body's ability to properly regulate the levels and utilization of phosphorus. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in many biological processes, including energy production, bone formation, and nerve function.
Disorders of phosphorus metabolism can result from genetic defects, kidney dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, or other medical conditions. These disorders can lead to abnormal levels of phosphorus in the blood, which can cause a range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, bone pain, seizures, and respiratory failure.
Examples of phosphorus metabolism disorders include:
1. Hypophosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, such as malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, and kidney dysfunction.
2. Hyperphosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by kidney failure, tumor lysis syndrome, and certain medications.
3. Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets: This is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to regulate vitamin D and phosphorus metabolism. It can lead to weakened bones and skeletal deformities.
4. Oncogenic osteomalacia: This is a rare condition that occurs when tumors produce substances that interfere with phosphorus metabolism, leading to bone pain and weakness.
Treatment for phosphorus metabolism disorders depends on the underlying cause of the disorder and may include dietary changes, supplements, medications, or surgery.
Iron metabolism disorders are a group of medical conditions that affect the body's ability to absorb, transport, store, or utilize iron properly. Iron is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including oxygen transportation and energy production. However, imbalances in iron levels can lead to several health issues.
There are two main types of iron metabolism disorders:
1. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA): This condition occurs when the body lacks adequate iron to produce sufficient amounts of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Causes of IDA may include inadequate dietary iron intake, blood loss, or impaired iron absorption due to conditions like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease.
2. Hemochromatosis: This is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in various organs, including the liver, heart, and pancreas. Over time, this excess iron can lead to organ damage and diseases such as cirrhosis, heart failure, diabetes, and arthritis. Hemochromatosis is typically caused by mutations in the HFE gene, which regulates iron absorption in the intestines.
Other iron metabolism disorders include:
* Anemia of chronic disease (ACD): A type of anemia that occurs in individuals with chronic inflammation or infection, where iron is not efficiently used for hemoglobin production due to altered regulation.
* Sideroblastic anemias: These are rare disorders characterized by the abnormal formation of ringed sideroblasts (immature red blood cells containing iron-laden mitochondria) in the bone marrow, leading to anemia and other symptoms.
* Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA): A rare inherited disorder caused by mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene, resulting in impaired regulation of hepcidin, a hormone that controls iron absorption and distribution in the body. This leads to both iron deficiency and iron overload.
Proper diagnosis and management of iron metabolism disorders are essential to prevent complications and maintain overall health. Treatment options may include dietary modifications, iron supplementation, phlebotomy (bloodletting), or chelation therapy, depending on the specific disorder and its severity.
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. They include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and phospholipids. Lipids serve many important functions in the body, including energy storage, acting as structural components of cell membranes, and serving as signaling molecules. High levels of certain lipids, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Glucose metabolism disorders are a group of conditions that result from abnormalities in the body's ability to produce, store, or use glucose, which is a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. These disorders can be categorized into two main types: those caused by insufficient insulin production (such as type 1 diabetes) and those caused by impaired insulin action (such as type 2 diabetes).
In healthy individuals, glucose is absorbed from food during digestion and enters the bloodstream. The pancreas responds to this increase in blood glucose levels by releasing insulin, a hormone that signals cells throughout the body to take up glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy production or storage.
Glucose metabolism disorders can disrupt this process at various stages, leading to high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) or low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). Some common examples of these disorders include:
1. Diabetes Mellitus: A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production, impaired insulin action, or both. Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells that produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion.
2. Gestational Diabetes: A form of high blood glucose that develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that impair insulin action.
3. Prediabetes: A condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes.
4. Hypoglycemia: Abnormally low blood glucose levels, which can result from certain medications, hormonal deficiencies, or other medical conditions.
5. Glycogen Storage Diseases: A group of rare inherited metabolic disorders that affect the body's ability to store and break down glycogen, a complex carbohydrate that serves as an energy reserve in muscles and the liver.
6. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): A group of monogenic forms of diabetes caused by mutations in specific genes involved in insulin secretion or action.
7. Glucose Galactose Malabsorption: An inherited disorder that impairs the absorption of glucose and galactose, leading to severe diarrhea, dehydration, and high blood glucose levels.
8. Fructose Intolerance: A condition where the body cannot metabolize fructose properly due to a deficiency in the enzyme aldolase B, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, and high blood glucose levels.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Lipase is an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and found in the digestive system of most organisms. Its primary function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of fats (triglycerides) into smaller molecules, such as fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be absorbed by the intestines and utilized for energy or stored for later use.
In medical terms, lipase levels in the blood are often measured to diagnose or monitor conditions that affect the pancreas, such as pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), pancreatic cancer, or cystic fibrosis. Elevated lipase levels may indicate damage to the pancreas and its ability to produce digestive enzymes.
Triglycerides are the most common type of fat in the body, and they're found in the food we eat. They're carried in the bloodstream to provide energy to the cells in our body. High levels of triglycerides in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease, especially in combination with other risk factors such as high LDL (bad) cholesterol, low HDL (good) cholesterol, and high blood pressure.
It's important to note that while triglycerides are a type of fat, they should not be confused with cholesterol, which is a waxy substance found in the cells of our body. Both triglycerides and cholesterol are important for maintaining good health, but high levels of either can increase the risk of heart disease.
Triglyceride levels are measured through a blood test called a lipid panel or lipid profile. A normal triglyceride level is less than 150 mg/dL. Borderline-high levels range from 150 to 199 mg/dL, high levels range from 200 to 499 mg/dL, and very high levels are 500 mg/dL or higher.
Elevated triglycerides can be caused by various factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease. Medications such as beta-blockers, steroids, and diuretics can also raise triglyceride levels.
Lifestyle changes such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking can help lower triglyceride levels. In some cases, medication may be necessary to reduce triglycerides to recommended levels.
The liver is a large, solid organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above the stomach. It plays a vital role in several bodily functions, including:
1. Metabolism: The liver helps to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from the food we eat into energy and nutrients that our bodies can use.
2. Detoxification: The liver detoxifies harmful substances in the body by breaking them down into less toxic forms or excreting them through bile.
3. Synthesis: The liver synthesizes important proteins, such as albumin and clotting factors, that are necessary for proper bodily function.
4. Storage: The liver stores glucose, vitamins, and minerals that can be released when the body needs them.
5. Bile production: The liver produces bile, a digestive juice that helps to break down fats in the small intestine.
6. Immune function: The liver plays a role in the immune system by filtering out bacteria and other harmful substances from the blood.
Overall, the liver is an essential organ that plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and well-being.
Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is responsible for the endotoxic activity of LPS and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial infections. Lipid A is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, consisting of a glucosamine disaccharide backbone with multiple fatty acid chains and phosphate groups attached to it. It can induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines, fever, and other symptoms associated with sepsis when introduced into the bloodstream.
Glucose is a simple monosaccharide (or single sugar) that serves as the primary source of energy for living organisms. It's a fundamental molecule in biology, often referred to as "dextrose" or "grape sugar." Glucose has the molecular formula C6H12O6 and is vital to the functioning of cells, especially those in the brain and nervous system.
In the body, glucose is derived from the digestion of carbohydrates in food, and it's transported around the body via the bloodstream to cells where it can be used for energy. Cells convert glucose into a usable form through a process called cellular respiration, which involves a series of metabolic reactions that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—the main currency of energy in cells.
Glucose is also stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen, a polysaccharide (multiple sugar) that can be broken down back into glucose when needed for energy between meals or during physical activity. Maintaining appropriate blood glucose levels is crucial for overall health, and imbalances can lead to conditions such as diabetes mellitus.
Blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is the concentration of glucose in the blood. Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as the main source of energy for the body's cells. It is carried to each cell through the bloodstream and is absorbed into the cells with the help of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas.
The normal range for blood glucose levels in humans is typically between 70 and 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) when fasting, and less than 180 mg/dL after meals. Levels that are consistently higher than this may indicate diabetes or other metabolic disorders.
Blood glucose levels can be measured through a variety of methods, including fingerstick blood tests, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and laboratory tests. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is important for people with diabetes to help manage their condition and prevent complications.
Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the liver, kidneys, and to a lesser extent in the small intestine. It involves the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and certain amino acids. This process becomes particularly important during periods of fasting or starvation when glucose levels in the body begin to drop, and there is limited carbohydrate intake to replenish them.
Gluconeogenesis helps maintain blood glucose homeostasis by providing an alternative source of glucose for use by various tissues, especially the brain, which relies heavily on glucose as its primary energy source. It is a complex process that involves several enzymatic steps, many of which are regulated to ensure an adequate supply of glucose while preventing excessive production, which could lead to hyperglycemia.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets, primarily in response to elevated levels of glucose in the circulating blood. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels and facilitating the uptake and utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, such as muscle and adipose tissue, for energy production and storage. Insulin also inhibits glucose production in the liver and promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen or triglycerides.
Deficiency in insulin secretion or action leads to impaired glucose regulation and can result in conditions such as diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications. Exogenous insulin is used as a replacement therapy in individuals with diabetes to help manage their blood glucose levels and prevent long-term complications.
Fat emulsions for intravenous use are a type of parenteral nutrition solution that contain fat in the form of triglycerides, which are broken down and absorbed into the body to provide a source of energy and essential fatty acids. These emulsions are typically used in patients who are unable to consume food orally or enterally, such as those with gastrointestinal tract disorders, malabsorption syndromes, or severe injuries.
The fat emulsion is usually combined with other nutrients, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, to create a complete parenteral nutrition solution that meets the patient's nutritional needs. The emulsion is administered through a vein using a sterile technique to prevent infection.
Fat emulsions are typically made from soybean oil or a mixture of soybean and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oils. MCTs are more easily absorbed than long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), which are found in soybean oil, and may be used in patients with malabsorption syndromes or other conditions that affect fat absorption.
It is important to monitor patients receiving intravenous fat emulsions for signs of complications such as infection, hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of fats in the blood), and liver function abnormalities.
Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It is one of the most widely consumed cooking oils and is also used in a variety of food and non-food applications.
Medically, soybean oil is sometimes used as a vehicle for administering certain medications, particularly those that are intended to be absorbed through the skin. It is also used as a dietary supplement and has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
However, it's important to note that soybean oil is high in omega-6 fatty acids, which can contribute to inflammation when consumed in excess. Therefore, it should be used in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
An emulsion is a type of stable mixture of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, which are normally unable to mix together uniformly. In an emulsion, one liquid (the dispersed phase) is broken down into small droplets and distributed throughout the other liquid (the continuous phase), creating a stable, cloudy mixture.
In medical terms, emulsions can be used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. For example, certain medications may be formulated as oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions to improve their absorption, stability, or palatability. Similarly, some skincare products and makeup removers contain emulsifiers that help create stable mixtures of water and oils, allowing for effective cleansing and moisturizing.
Emulsions can also occur naturally in the body, such as in the digestion of fats. The bile salts produced by the liver help to form small droplets of dietary lipids (oil) within the watery environment of the small intestine, allowing for efficient absorption and metabolism of these nutrients.
Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), also known as free fatty acids (FFA), refer to fatty acid molecules that are not bound to glycerol in the form of triglycerides or other esters. In the bloodstream, NEFAs are transported while bound to albumin and can serve as a source of energy for peripheral tissues. Under normal physiological conditions, NEFA levels are tightly regulated by the body; however, elevated NEFA levels have been associated with various metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
Lipoprotein-X (Lp-X) is a type of lipoprotein that is typically found in the blood under certain pathological conditions. Unlike other lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Lp-X does not contain apolipoproteins and is not associated with cholesterol transport. Instead, Lp-X is rich in free cholesterol and phospholipids, and it can be formed when there is an increase in the concentration of these lipids in the blood due to the breakdown of cell membranes or other lipoproteins.
Lp-X is often found in the blood of patients with liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, as well as in those with severe malnutrition or who have experienced massive trauma. It can also be present in the blood of pregnant women, particularly those with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome.
Because Lp-X lacks apolipoproteins, it is not recognized by the liver and cannot be cleared from the blood efficiently. As a result, high levels of Lp-X can contribute to the development of fatty liver disease, inflammation, and other complications associated with liver dysfunction.
Propofol is a short-acting medication that is primarily used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia during procedures such as surgery. It belongs to a class of drugs called hypnotics or sedatives, which work by depressing the central nervous system to produce a calming effect. Propofol can also be used for sedation in mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units and for procedural sedation in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures outside the operating room.
The medical definition of Propofol is:
A rapid-onset, short-duration intravenous anesthetic agent that produces a hypnotic effect and is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation in mechanically ventilated patients, and procedural sedation. It acts by enhancing the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to a decrease in neuronal activity and a reduction in consciousness. Propofol has a rapid clearance and distribution, allowing for quick recovery after discontinuation of its administration.
"Health personnel" is a broad term that refers to individuals who are involved in maintaining, promoting, and restoring the health of populations or individuals. This can include a wide range of professionals such as:
1. Healthcare providers: These are medical doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists, pharmacists, allied health professionals (like physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, dietitians, etc.), and other healthcare workers who provide direct patient care.
2. Public health professionals: These are individuals who work in public health agencies, non-governmental organizations, or academia to promote health, prevent diseases, and protect populations from health hazards. They include epidemiologists, biostatisticians, health educators, environmental health specialists, and health services researchers.
3. Health managers and administrators: These are professionals who oversee the operations, finances, and strategic planning of healthcare organizations, such as hospitals, clinics, or public health departments. They may include hospital CEOs, medical directors, practice managers, and healthcare consultants.
4. Health support staff: This group includes various personnel who provide essential services to healthcare organizations, such as medical records technicians, billing specialists, receptionists, and maintenance workers.
5. Health researchers and academics: These are professionals involved in conducting research, teaching, and disseminating knowledge related to health sciences, medicine, public health, or healthcare management in universities, research institutions, or think tanks.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines "health worker" as "a person who contributes to the promotion, protection, or improvement of health through prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliation, health promotion, and health education." This definition encompasses a wide range of professionals working in various capacities to improve health outcomes.
Lipid metabolism
Tay-Sachs disease
Inborn error of lipid metabolism
Neutral lipid storage disease
Jordans' anomaly
Majeed syndrome
Familial multiple lipomatosis
Clinical nutrition
Leptin
Eicosatetraenoic acid
CYP4F22
FGF19
Fatty-acid metabolism disorder
HMG-CoA reductase
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Pediatric endocrinology
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Lipidology
Anti-obesity medication
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Achilles tendon
Orexin
Aromatase deficiency
Glycerophospholipid
Lipaemia retinalis
Arno Motulsky
Ampelopsin
Fatty acid metabolism
Lipid Metabolism Disorders: MedlinePlus
Beneficial Effects of Pomegranate on Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Disorders
Lipid Metabolism Disorders - Healthviber
Overview of Lipid Metabolism - Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Lipid metabolism - Wikipedia
Involvement of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Disorders of Animal Models
Underlying Medical Conditions and Severe Illness Among 540,667 Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19, March 2020-March 2021
Combination of lipid metabolism alterations and their sensitivity to inflammatory cytokines in human lipin-1-deficient myoblasts
BIOPRO H
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
PPARα/ACOX1 as a novel target for hepatic lipid metabolism disorders induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: An...
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits - United States, January 1, 2019-May 30, 2020 | MMWR
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Berberine Phospholipid Is an Effective Insulin Sensitizer and Improves Metabolic and Hormonal...
PAR-07-159: National Cooperative Drug Discovery Groups for the Treatment of Mental Disorders, Drug or Alcohol Addiction (U19)
Scientist Search Results | HHMI
Familial Hypercholesterolemia Differential Diagnoses
Central IKK2 Inhibition Ameliorates Air Pollution-Mediated Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction in Mice With Type...
Intralipid: Package Insert - Drugs.com
Anna WITKOWSKA | Head of Department, Assoc. Prof. | DSc | Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok | Department of Food...
Exploring and Verifying the Mechanism and Targets of Shenqi Pill in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Network...
The Role of Regucalcin in Cell Homeostasis and Disorder - Nova Science Publishers
Dr. Robert E. Jones, MD | Salt Lake City, UT | Endocrinology
Arya Mani, MD, FACC, FAHA | Directory of Faculty Research Interests
Peptide improves glucose and insulin sensitivity, lowers weight in mice | ScienceDaily
Hepatotoxic | GreenMedInfo | Adverse Pharmacological Action | Natural
Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Adults and Children Archives - Endotext
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
2012 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 272.9 : Unspecified disorder of lipoid metabolism
Lipoproteins6
- All lipids are hydrophobic and mostly insoluble in blood, so they require transport within lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)
- Due to the hydrophobic nature of membrane lipids, triglycerides and cholesterols, they require special transport proteins known as lipoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Chylomicrons are one sub-group of lipoproteins which carry the digested lipids from small intestine to the rest of the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Disorders of the biogenesis and secretion of lipoproteins containing the B apolipoproteins. (medscape.com)
- Hyperlipidemia comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by high levels in one or more lipids and/or lipoproteins [atherogenic free fatty acids (FA), triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (hypercholesterolemia), and apolipoprotein (apo) B], and/or low level in antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the circulation [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- It interacts with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and influences cholesterol efflux, contributing to the body's lipid homeostasis. (prospecbio.com)
Changes in lipid metabolism2
- Frequent complications of obesity, changes in lipid metabolism in adipocytes. (ukaachen.de)
- Our laboratory wants to understand how lipid signaling is regulated, and why changes in lipid metabolism can lead to disease. (stjude.org)
Diseases10
- In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that extracts of different pomegranate fractions (peels, flowers, juice, and seeds) regulate lipid metabolism in metabolic-disorder-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes, helping to alleviate the development of diseases. (nih.gov)
- This review summarizes the main findings about the effects of different pomegranate fraction extracts on lipid metabolism in metabolic-disorder-associated diseases and analyses how pomegranate extracts achieve their effects. (nih.gov)
- Disruptions to lipid metabolism can lead to diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. (stjude.org)
- Defects in sphingolipid metabolism are often associated with cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. (stjude.org)
- Endocrine diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders which can affect nearly any body system including the musculoskeletal system. (springer.com)
- Rheumatic manifestations of endocrine disorders may present as a definite rheumatic disease (such as pseudogout in hyperparathyroidism), as rheumatic symptoms such as arthralgia and myalgia, as positive immune serology, or may mimic rheumatic diseases (e.g., skeletal abnormalities in hypoparathyroidism can mimic ankylosing spondylitis). (springer.com)
- Rheumatic diseases are associated with endocrine disorders which may have an impact on the clinical aspects of those diseases. (springer.com)
- Hyperlipidemia, characterized by the abnormal blood lipid profiles, is one of the dominant factors of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). (hindawi.com)
- To better understand the role of dietary FA on metabolic diseases, for the first time, a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome analysis from liver samples of animal models was performed. (nature.com)
- Altered levels of SAA2 are associated with various diseases, including chronic inflammatory disorders, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. (prospecbio.com)
Energy metabolism3
- 2017). The inhibition of hypothalamic inflammation by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of IKK2 inhibitor (IMD-0354) rectified PM2.5-induced glucose intolerance, IR, energy metabolism dysfunction, and attenuated peripheral inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposure (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)
- With an increasing duration of exercise, glucose uptake by muscle begins to decline, and there is an increased dependency on free fatty acids for energy metabolism. (pfeiffertheface.com)
- The Farese-Walther laboratory studies cellular lipid and energy metabolism, in particular the mechanisms and physiology of neutral lipid synthesis and storage in lipid droplets. (harvard.edu)
Endocrine disorders2
- The impact of endocrine disorders on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is reviewed. (springer.com)
- Diabetes Mellitus is the most common of the endocrine disorders. (who.int)
Affect lipid metabolism2
- How does exercise affect lipid metabolism? (pfeiffertheface.com)
- Reduction of total cholesterols (TC) and LDL-C by dietary alterations and medications that affect lipid metabolism [ 14 ] is found to reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in animals and clinical cardiovascular events in human [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Obesity6
- Hypertension and disorders of lipid metabolism were the most frequent, whereas obesity, diabetes with complication, anxiety disorders, and the total number of conditions were the strongest risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness. (cdc.gov)
- Essential hypertension (50.4%), disorders of lipid metabolism (49.4%), and obesity (33.0%) were the most common. (cdc.gov)
- But in obesity, accumulation of lipids can cause fatty liver, resulting in cellular damage to the organ. (sciencedaily.com)
- Obesity and overweight can cause metabolic disorders. (ukaachen.de)
- Notoginsenosides can treat obesity by reducing lipid synthesis, inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting white adipose tissue browning, increasing energy consumption, and improving insulin sensitivity. (frontiersin.org)
- In summary, we demonstrate that C3G enrichment in the HFHS diet attenuates short-term weight gain, decreases hepatic lipid content by suppressing key lipogenic gene expression and improves glucose homeostasis during obesity development, supporting the therapeutic utility of C3G as a bioactive phytonutrient to manage obesity-related complications. (researchgate.net)
Cholesterol9
- Triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol contribute most to disease, although all lipids are physiologically important. (msdmanuals.com)
- The majority of lipids found in the human body from ingesting food are triglycerides and cholesterol. (wikipedia.org)
- In the cytosol of epithelial cells, triglycerides and cholesterol are packaged into bigger particles called chylomicrons which are amphipathic structures that transport digested lipids. (wikipedia.org)
- The aim of this work is to correlate the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-B, LI and autonomic dysfunction to depression, anxiety, anxious-depressive disorder and eating disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that your body needs to work properly. (stlukes-stl.com)
- Incorporation of functional HN-F glycoprotein-containing complexes into newcastle disease virus is dependent on cholesterol and membrane lipid raft integrity. (umassmed.edu)
- It is used to treat people who have high cholesterol levels, including people who have certain inherited cholesterol disorders. (medbroadcast.com)
- For children 10 to 17 years of age who are taking this medication to treat inherited cholesterol disorders, the recommended dose ranges from 10 mg to 20 mg daily. (medbroadcast.com)
- FABPs bind free fatty acids, cholesterol, and retinoids, and are involved in intracellular lipid transport. (rndsystems.com)
Enzymes6
- If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down lipids. (medlineplus.gov)
- Lipid metabolism often begins with hydrolysis, which occurs with the help of various enzymes in the digestive system. (wikipedia.org)
- Digestion is the first step to lipid metabolism, and it is the process of breaking the triglycerides down into smaller monoglyceride units with the help of lipase enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
- Fatty acid oxidation disorders are lipid metabolism disorders that are caused by a lack or deficiency of the enzymes needed to break down fats, resulting in delayed mental and physical development. (msdmanuals.com)
- Children who have a fatty acid oxidation disorder are missing or have a deficiency of the enzymes needed to break down (metabolize) fats. (msdmanuals.com)
- His laboratory discovered genes that encode enzymes critical for neutral lipid metabolism, including the DGAT enzymes which mediate triglyceride (TG) synthesis. (harvard.edu)
Atherosclerosis2
- Some FABP polymorphisms have been associated with disorders of lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. (rndsystems.com)
- Dysregulation of SAA2 has been associated with atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders, highlighting its importance in maintaining cardiovascular health and metabolic balance. (prospecbio.com)
Hepatic lipid3
- ACOX1 as a novel target for hepatic lipid metabolism disorders induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: An integrated approach. (bvsalud.org)
- A combination of in silico toxicological analyses, bioinformatics approaches, animal experiments , and in vitro assays was used to explore the molecular initiating events (MIEs) and key events (KEs) in PFAS-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorders . (bvsalud.org)
- Transcriptome -based bioinformatic annotation and analyses identified that transcriptional upregulation of hepatic acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in PPAR α-regulated peroxisomal ß- oxidation pathway was the KE involved with PFOA/PFOS-perturbed hepatic lipid metabolic pathways in humans , mice and rats . (bvsalud.org)
Regulation4
- Amelioration of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response is considered an important reason underlying the regulation of lipid metabolism by pomegranate extracts. (nih.gov)
- Despite well-known roles of lipin-1 in lipid biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation, the pathogenic mechanisms leading to rhabdomyolysis remain unknown. (nih.gov)
- Dietary fatty acids (FA) are components of the lipids, which contribute to membrane structure, energy input, and biological functions related to cellular signaling and transcriptome regulation. (nature.com)
- Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism / editor, Rivka Beitner. (who.int)
Sphingolipids1
- Sphingolipids are one of the major membrane lipids in mammalian cells. (stjude.org)
Accumulation4
- Pathway defects in lipoprotein synthesis, processing, and clearance can lead to accumulation of atherogenic lipids in plasma and endothelium. (msdmanuals.com)
- Here we show that primary myoblasts from lipin-1-deficient patients exhibit a dramatic decrease in LPIN1 expression and phosphatidic acid phosphatase 1 activity, and a significant accumulation of lipid droplets (LD). (nih.gov)
- 2007). Emerging evidence from both epidemiological and experimental studies indicates the adverse consequences of PM2.5 exposure on diabetes, including worsening of whole-body insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance impairment, lipid accumulation, and glucose metabolism dysfunction (Hwang et al. (deepdyve.com)
- We have shown that an endogenous peptide, catestatin, can directly suppress glucose production from hepatocytes and can indirectly suppress lipid accumulation in liver as well as macrophage-mediated inflammation in obese mice," said Sushil K. Mahata, PhD, professor of medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
Genes3
- Inheritance of Single-Gene Disorders Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or code for functional RNA molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
- Wild type Males require the FA desaturase genes to maintain lipid stores. (tamu.edu)
- Clock genes may influence bipolar disorder susceptibility and dysfunctional circadian rhythm. (snpedia.com)
Bile3
- It binds both fatty acids and bile acids and has roles in fatty acid transport and metabolism. (rndsystems.com)
- Bile salts are released in the duodenum in response to cholecystokinin release occurring in the presence of lipid compounds within the ingesta. (medscape.com)
- Bile salts aid in forming lipid micelles, which create a hydrophilic surface with a hydrophobic core of lipid molecules, including FFA. (medscape.com)
Endocrinology and Metabolism1
- He trained in medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, and completed a research fellowship in Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University of California, San Francisco and the Gladstone Institutes. (harvard.edu)
Membrane5
- Other types of lipids found in the body are fatty acids and membrane lipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Specifically, we investigate the membrane lipid biology of proteins as well as the functionality of ion channels and receptors. (stjude.org)
- More broadly, the lab investigates the mechanisms by which cells regulate the abundance of lipids, how they store lipids to buffer fluctuations in their availability, and how these processes function in membrane biology and cell physiology. (harvard.edu)
- Its oils are rich sources of unsaturated fatty acids, such as monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, which are previously associated with the prevention of health disorders because of their anti-inflammatory effects and cell membrane properties and structure 2 . (nature.com)
- Absorption of lipid compounds into the enterocyte for biochemical usage occurs through diffusion across the cellular membrane and also through lipid transporters that are located on the luminal side of the enterocyte. (medscape.com)
Synthesis and degradation2
- Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- An inherited metabolic disorder that is characterized by impaired synthesis and degradation of amino acids. (mcw.edu)
Hydrophobic1
- Since lipids are hydrophobic molecules, they need to be solubilized before their metabolism can begin. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammation6
- We therefore investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on insulin resistance and the disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via hypothalamic inflammation. (deepdyve.com)
- Therefore, our current finding indicates an important role of hypothalamic inflammation in PM2.5 exposure-mediated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorder. (deepdyve.com)
- But further studies are needed to uncover how CST suppresses liver inflammation to improve metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
- SAA2, once viewed as a marker of acute inflammation, has transcended its initial role, emerging as a versatile regulator in immunity, metabolism, and tissue repair. (prospecbio.com)
- For example, heart disease may be due to a combination of processes such as glucose metabolism, lipid disorders, high blood pressure and inflammation. (cdc.gov)
- The pathogenic mechanisms reported in the literature for VX comprise inflammation, virus, local trauma, lipid metabolism disorders and immunological changes 7,12,15 . (bvsalud.org)
Inflammatory4
- Mitochondria, the major cellular site for lipid oxidation, are strongly associated with cellular oxidative and inflammatory status and are likely to be a target for pomegranate extract action. (nih.gov)
- The plaques contain lipids, inflammatory cells, smooth muscle. (msdmanuals.com)
- Our data suggest that the pathogenic mechanism of rhabdomyolysis in lipin-1-deficient patients combines the predisposing constitutive impairment of lipid metabolism and its exacerbation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. (nih.gov)
- The functional enrichment analysis detected TF linked to lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response, such as RXRA , EGFR , and SREBP2 precursor. (nature.com)
Triglyceride2
- However, a substantial increase in serum triglyceride levels should raise the possibility of another lipid disorder. (medscape.com)
- Triglyceride is the most abundant dietary lipid compound found throughout the diet and is the method with which energy is stored in the body. (medscape.com)
Disease9
- Lipid metabolism disorders, such as Gaucher disease and Tay-Sachs disease , involve lipids. (medlineplus.gov)
- Subjects with familial dyslipidemia, heart disease and psychotic disorders were excluded from the study. (biomedcentral.com)
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a liver injury disease caused by metabolic disorders [ 1 ], includes nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- We have developed expertise in in vivo investigation of lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and sensitivity, and vascular biology and in human physiological studies, leading to discovery of attractive drug targets that have been either patented or being investigated for their utility in treatment of fatty liver disease and diabetes in 2 clinical trials in the outlier populations of Fars/Iran. (yale.edu)
- Apolipoprotein measurements may provide more detail about your risk for heart disease, but the added value of this test beyond a lipid panel is unknown. (stlukes-stl.com)
- Genest J, Libby P. Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. (stlukes-stl.com)
- Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common coexisting autoimmune disorder in patients with Grave's disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis. (springer.com)
- Bob Farese Jr. is an expert in how lipid synthesis and storage may lead to disease-and an accomplished amateur photographer. (harvard.edu)
- Man who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at age 26, subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease, involving jejunum, ileum and colon, at age 42 when he presented with large volume diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. (medscape.com)
Molecules3
- These molecules could be therapeutic targets for the skeletal disorders. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
- Among the molecules we identified in this study, there are some whose suppression ameliorated skeletal disorders under pathological conditions but did not affect physiological conditions, indicating that targeting on these molecules may lead to an ideal treatment without side effects on physiological functions. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
- Fatty acids are the main compound of lipids, which are a class of molecules present in animals and vegetal cell types. (nature.com)
Oxidative1
- Furthermore, our results are consistent with the fact that endurant individuals rely preferentially on lipid metabolism, because oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids in muscle mitochondria produces a high yield of ATP, necessary for prolonged contraction of muscle fibers. (pfeiffertheface.com)
Neurological Disorders2
Abnormal6
- In fatty acid oxidation disorders, both parents of the affected child carry a copy of the abnormal gene. (msdmanuals.com)
- Because usually two copies of the abnormal gene are necessary for the disorder to occur, usually neither parent has the disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
- An abnormal result may mean you have high lipid (fat) levels in your blood. (stlukes-stl.com)
- which means only one copy of the abnormal gene can cause the disorder in boys. (merckmanuals.com)
- In 2013, the American Heart Association reported that proportions of American adults aged 20 or above had abnormal blood lipid serum profile (details are shown in Table 1 ) [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Average percentage of abnormal blood lipid levels among Americans at age 20 or above [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tissues3
- After subsequent studies, regucalcin has been established to play a pivotal role in maintaining cell homeostasis and protecting it from disorders in various types of cells and tissues. (novapublishers.com)
- Treatment of fatty acid oxidation disorders varies depending on the type of fatty substances that accumulate in the blood and tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
- They represent 10% to 20% of cellular lipids, and in certain specialized tissues, such as myelin sheaths, they can account for ~25% of the lipids. (stjude.org)
Dietary2
- Dietary TG metabolism begins in the stomach and duodenum, where TGs are broken into monoglycerides (MGs) and FFAs by gastric lipase, emulsification due to vigorous stomach peristalsis, and pancreatic lipase. (msdmanuals.com)
- These findings demonstrated that key TF related to lipid metabolism could be modulated by dietary inclusion of soybean oil. (nature.com)
Absorption2
- The majority of lipid digestion and absorption, however, occurs once the fats reach the small intestines. (wikipedia.org)
- The second step in lipid metabolism is absorption of fats. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular1
- Lipids are vital for both cellular structure and function. (stjude.org)
Substances1
- Lipids are fats or fat-like substances. (medlineplus.gov)
Droplet3
- Structure and function of lipid droplet assembly complexes. (harvard.edu)
- Glycerolipid Synthesis and Lipid Droplet Formation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. (harvard.edu)
- Seipin forms a flexible cage at lipid droplet formation sites. (harvard.edu)
Diabetes mellitus2
- Glucose measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including diabetes mellitus, neonatal hypoglycemia, and idiopathic hypoglycemia. (cdc.gov)
- The term Diabetes Mellitus stands for a group of disorders defined by Hyperglycaemia. (who.int)
Homeostasis1
- This book will provide information regarding regucalcin that plays a pivotal role in cell homeostasis and disorder. (novapublishers.com)
Fats1
- Lipids are fats that are either absorbed from food or synthesized by the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
Compounds2
- and PAR-07-048 and PAR-07-049 , to stimulate the discovery, design, development and testing of novel compounds aimed at prevention or treatment of nervous system disorders. (nih.gov)
- Triglycerides are lipid compounds composed of a glycerol esterified to 3 fatty acid chains of varying length and composition. (medscape.com)
Mitochondria1
- Lipid catabolism is accomplished by a process known as beta oxidation which takes place in the mitochondria and peroxisome cell organelles. (wikipedia.org)
Etiology1
- Despite significant social demand for more information of the etiology of the disorders, the molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
Complications1
- Most cases were women, had Roux-en-Y surgery years prior to diagnosis and few IBD-related complications. (medscape.com)
Congenital1
- Rare congenital X-linked disorder of lipid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Cells1
- 12 demonstrated that VX has macrophages containing lipids within them, anD after immunohistochemical studies, they confirmed the macrophagic origin of the xanthoma cells 13-14 , in which their cytoplasm is PAS-positive 2 . (bvsalud.org)
Amino acids1
- It also plays an important role in fat metabolism and in the utilization of amino acids. (usz.ch)
Pathways1
- Identification of two pathways mediating protein targeting from ER to lipid droplets. (harvard.edu)
Processes2
- Lipid metabolism also occurs in plants, though the processes differ in some ways when compared to animals. (wikipedia.org)
- Initially identified as a biomarker of acute-phase reactions, research on SAA2 has expanded, revealing its involvement in various physiological processes, including immunity, lipid metabolism, and tissue repair. (prospecbio.com)