AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Linoleic AcidLinoleic AcidsLinoleic Acids, ConjugatedFatty AcidsFatty Acids, Unsaturatedalpha-Linolenic AcidLinolenic AcidsFatty Acids, EssentialLipoxygenaseHydrogenationIsomerismDietary FatsStearic AcidsDietary Fats, UnsaturatedFatty Acid DesaturasesOleic AcidPlant OilsOleic AcidsLipid PeroxidesFatty Acids, Omega-6Arachidonic AcidPhospholipidsLinoleoyl-CoA DesaturaseChromatography, GasButyrivibriogamma-Linolenic AcidCorn OilDocosahexaenoic AcidsAdipose TissueLipidsFatty Acids, Omega-3Safflower OilLipid MetabolismDietDietary SupplementsTriglyceridesLipid PeroxidationEicosapentaenoic AcidAnimal FeedMilkSoybeansGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryOxidation-ReductionSoybean OilFish OilsStereoisomerismArachidonate 15-LipoxygenaseArachidonic AcidsBody WeightFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedPalmitic AcidsLiver12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic AcidMeatFatty Acids, NonesterifiedFatsButterRats, Inbred BUFChromatography, Thin LayerStearoyl-CoA DesaturaseBody CompositionPalmitic AcidPeroxidesEsterificationCholesterolRumenRandom AllocationPhosphatidylcholinesSwineTrans Fatty AcidsLactationHydroxyeicosatetraenoic AcidsCattleSeedsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidOilsLipoxygenase InhibitorsDioctyl Sulfosuccinic AcidVitamin EAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaLinseed OilInfant FoodOmasumCholesterol EstersPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsCocosAntioxidantsKineticsDose-Response Relationship, DrugCarbon RadioisotopesDeficiency DiseasesIsomerasesCarbon-Carbon Double Bond IsomerasesEnergy IntakeCells, CulturedLipoproteinsbeta-TocopherolOrgan SizeIntestinal AbsorptionStaphylococcus saprophyticusEmulsionsPicratesWeight GainErucic AcidsFree RadicalsOctanesFlame IonizationCalendula
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Linoleic Acids: Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds.Linoleic Acids, Conjugated: A collective term for a group of around nine geometric and positional isomers of LINOLEIC ACID in which the trans/cis double bonds are conjugated, where double bonds alternate with single bonds.Fatty Acids: Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Fatty Acids, Unsaturated: FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.alpha-Linolenic Acid: A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins.Linolenic Acids: Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain three double bonds.Fatty Acids, Essential: Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet. Examples are LINOLEIC ACIDS and LINOLENIC ACIDS.Lipoxygenase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class primarily found in PLANTS. It catalyzes reactions between linoleate and other fatty acids and oxygen to form hydroperoxy-fatty acid derivatives.Hydrogenation: Addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Isomerism: The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Dietary Fats: Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.Stearic Acids: A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (Stedman, 25th ed)Dietary Fats, Unsaturated: Unsaturated fats or oils used in foods or as a food.Fatty Acid Desaturases: A family of enzymes that catalyze the stereoselective, regioselective, or chemoselective syn-dehydrogenation reactions. They function by a mechanism that is linked directly to reduction of molecular OXYGEN.Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)Plant Oils: Oils derived from plants or plant products.Oleic Acids: A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.Lipid Peroxides: Peroxides produced in the presence of a free radical by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell in the presence of molecular oxygen. The formation of lipid peroxides results in the destruction of the original lipid leading to the loss of integrity of the membranes. They therefore cause a variety of toxic effects in vivo and their formation is considered a pathological process in biological systems. Their formation can be inhibited by antioxidants, such as vitamin E, structural separation or low oxygen tension.Fatty Acids, Omega-6: FATTY ACIDS which have the first unsaturated bond in the sixth position from the omega carbon. A typical American diet tends to contain substantially more omega-6 than OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS.Arachidonic Acid: An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase: An enzyme that catalyzes the syn-dehydrogenation of linoleol-CoA gamma-linolenoyl-CoA. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.14.99.25.Chromatography, Gas: Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.Butyrivibrio: A species of anaerobic bacteria, in the family Lachnospiraceae, found in RUMINANTS. It is considered both gram-positive and gram-negative.gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Corn Oil: Oil from ZEA MAYS or corn plant.Docosahexaenoic Acids: C22-unsaturated fatty acids found predominantly in FISH OILS.Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Fatty Acids, Omega-3: A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness.Safflower Oil: An oily liquid extracted from the seeds of the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius. It is used as a dietary supplement in the management of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. It is used also in cooking, as a salad oil, and as a vehicle for medicines, paints, varnishes, etc. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.TriglyceridesLipid Peroxidation: Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.Eicosapentaenoic Acid: Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.Animal Feed: Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.Milk: The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.Soybeans: An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Soybean Oil: Oil from soybean or soybean plant.Fish Oils: Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the LIVER. Those from the liver are usually high in VITAMIN A. The oils are used as DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. They are also used in soaps and detergents and as protective coatings.Stereoisomerism: The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 15-hydroperoxyarachidonate (15-HPETE) which is rapidly converted to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoate (15-HETE). The 15-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in NEUTROPHILS and LYMPHOCYTES.Arachidonic AcidsBody Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated: Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.Palmitic Acids: A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)Meat: The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.Fatty Acids, Nonesterified: FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.Fats: The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Butter: The fatty portion of milk, separated as a soft yellowish solid when milk or cream is churned. It is processed for cooking and table use. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Rats, Inbred BUFChromatography, Thin Layer: Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of oleoyl-CoA, A, and water from stearoyl-CoA, AH2, and oxygen where AH2 is an unspecified hydrogen donor.Body Composition: The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.Peroxides: A group of compounds that contain a bivalent O-O group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. They can either be inorganic or organic in nature. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and initiators of polymerization. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Esterification: The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.Rumen: The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Trans Fatty Acids: UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS that contain at least one double bond in the trans configuration, which results in a greater bond angle than the cis configuration. This results in a more extended fatty acid chain similar to SATURATED FATTY ACIDS, with closer packing and reduced fluidity. HYDROGENATION of unsaturated fatty acids increases the trans content.Lactation: The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids: Eicosatetraenoic acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from arachidonic acid to a number of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Oils: Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)Lipoxygenase Inhibitors: Compounds that bind to and inhibit that enzymatic activity of LIPOXYGENASES. Included under this category are inhibitors that are specific for lipoxygenase subtypes and act to reduce the production of LEUKOTRIENES.Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutritional physiology of animals.Linseed Oil: The fixed oil obtained from the dried ripe seed of linseed, Linum usitatissimum (L. Linaceae). It is used as an emollient in liniments, pastes, and medicinal soaps, and in veterinary medicine as a laxative. It is also called flaxseed oil. (Dorland, 28th ed)Infant Food: Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life.Omasum: The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)Cholesterol Esters: Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that are activated by ligands and heterodimerize with RETINOID X RECEPTORS and bind to peroxisome proliferator response elements in the promoter regions of target genes.Cocos: A plant genus of the family ARECACEAE. It is a tropical palm tree that yields a large, edible hard-shelled fruit from which oil and fiber are also obtained.Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Carbon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.Deficiency Diseases: A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)Isomerases: A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.(from Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases: Enzymes that catalyze the shifting of a carbon-carbon double bond from one position to another within the same molecule. EC 5.3.3.Energy Intake: Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Lipoproteins: Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.beta-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.Organ Size: The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.Intestinal Absorption: Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.Staphylococcus saprophyticus: A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It commonly causes urinary tract infections in humans.Emulsions: Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.PicratesWeight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Erucic Acids: cis-13-Docosenoic Acids. 22-Carbon monounsaturated, monocarboxylic acids.Free Radicals: Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.Flame Ionization: Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.Calendula: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.

High-linoleate and high-alpha-linolenate diets affect learning ability and natural behavior in SAMR1 mice. (1/1169)

Semipurified diets incorporating either perilla oil [high in alpha-linolenate, 18:3(n-3)] or safflower oil [high in linoleate, 18:2(n-6)] were fed to senescence-resistant SAMR1 mouse dams and their pups. Male offspring at 15 mo were examined using behavioral tests. In the open field test, locomotor activity during a 5-min period was significantly higher in the safflower oil group than in the perilla oil group. Observations of the circadian rhythm (48 h) of spontaneous motor activity indicated that the safflower oil group was more active than the perilla oil group during the first and second dark periods. The total number of responses to positive and negative stimuli was higher in the safflower oil group than in the perilla oil group in the light and dark discrimination learning test, but the correct response ratio was lower in the safflower oil group. The difference in the (n-6)/(n-3) ratios of the diets reflected the proportions of (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids, rather than those of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain total fatty acids, and in the proportions of (n-6) and (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total polyunsaturated fatty acids of the brain phospholipids. These results suggest that in SAMR1 mice, the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance affects the (n-6)/(n-3) ratio of brain phospholipids, and this may modify emotional reactivity and learning ability.  (+info)

Stimulation of strontium accumulation in linoleate-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a result of reduced Sr2+ efflux. (2/1169)

The influence of modified plasma membrane fatty acid composition on cellular strontium accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Growth of S. cerevisiae in the presence of 1 mM linoleate (18:2) (which results in 18:2 incorporation to approximately 70% of total cellular and plasma membrane fatty acids, with no effect on growth rate) yielded cells that accumulated Sr2+ intracellularly at approximately twice the rate of S. cerevisiae grown without a fatty acid supplement. This effect was evident over a wide range of external Sr2+ concentrations (25 microM to 5 mM) and increased with the extent of cellular 18:2 incorporation. Stimulation of Sr2+ accumulation was not evident following enrichment of S. cerevisiae with either palmitoleate (16:1), linolenate (18:3) (n-3 and n-6 isomers), or eicosadienoate (20:2) (n-6 and n-9 isomers). Competition experiments revealed that Ca2+- and Mg2+-induced inhibition of Sr2+ accumulation did not differ between unsupplemented and 18:2-supplemented cells. Treatment with trifluoperazine (TFP) (which can act as a calmodulin antagonist and Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor), at a low concentration that precluded nonspecific K+ efflux, increased intracellular Sr2+ accumulation by approximately 3.6- and 1.4-fold in unsupplemented and 18:2-supplemented cells, respectively. Thus, TFP abolished the enhanced Sr2+ accumulation ability of 18:2-supplemented cells. Moreover, the rate of Sr2+ release from Sr2+-loaded fatty acid-unsupplemented cells was found to be at least twice as great as that from Sr2+-loaded 18:2-enriched cells. The influence of enrichment with other fatty acids on Sr2+ efflux was variable. The results reveal an enhanced Sr2+ accumulation ability of S. cerevisiae following 18:2-enrichment, which is attributed to diminished Sr2+ efflux activity in these cells.  (+info)

Cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide lability is a key feature of the oxidative susceptibility of small, dense LDL. (3/1169)

Abundant evidence has been provided to substantiate the elevated cardiovascular risk associated with small, dense, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. The diminished resistance of dense LDL to oxidative stress in both normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects is established; nonetheless, the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains indeterminate. We have defined the primary molecular targets of lipid hydroperoxide formation in light, intermediate, and dense subclasses of LDL after copper-mediated oxidation and have compared the relative stabilities of the hydroperoxide derivatives of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters (CEs) as a function of the time course of oxidation. LDL subclasses (LDL1 through LDL5) were isolated from normolipidemic plasma by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation, and their content of polyunsaturated molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and CE and of lipophilic antioxidants was quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The molar ratio of the particle content of polyunsaturated CE and PC species containing linoleate or arachidonate relative to alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene did not differ significantly between LDL subspecies. Nonetheless, dense LDL contained significantly less polyunsaturated CE species (400 mol per particle) compared with LDL1 through LDL4 (range, approximately 680 to 490 mol per particle). Although the formation of PC-derived hydroperoxides did not vary significantly between LDL subspecies as a function of the time course of copper-mediated oxidation, the abundance of the C18:2 and C20:4 CE hydroperoxides was uniquely deficient in dense LDL (23 and 0.6 mol per particle, respectively, in LDL5; 47 to 58 and 1.9 to 2.3 mol per particle, respectively, in other LDL subclasses) at propagation half-time. When expressed as a lability ratio (mol hydroperoxides formed relative to each 100 mol of substrate consumed) at half-time, the oxidative lability of CE hydroperoxides in dense LDL was significantly elevated (lability ratio <25:100) relative to that in lighter, larger LDL particle subclasses (lability ratio >40:100) throughout the oxidative time course. We conclude that the elevated lability of CE hydroperoxides in dense LDL underlies the diminished oxidative resistance of these particles. Moreover, this phenomenon appears to result not only from the significantly elevated PC to free cholesterol ratio (1.54:1) in dense LDL particles (1.15:1 to 1.25:1 for other LDL subclasses) but also from their unique structural features, including a distinct apoB100 conformation, which may facilitate covalent bond formation between oxidized CE and apoB100.  (+info)

Fatty acids modulate the composition of extracellular matrix in cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells by altering the expression of genes for proteoglycan core proteins. (4/1169)

In diabetes-associated microangiopathies and atherosclerosis, there are alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the intima of small and large arteries. High levels of circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are present in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. High concentrations of NEFAs might alter the basement membrane composition of endothelial cells. In arteries, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major producers of proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the intima, and this is the site of lipoprotein deposition and modification, key events in atherogenesis. We found that exposure of human arterial SMCs to 100-300 micromol/albumin-bound linoleic acid lowered their proliferation rate and altered cell morphology. SMCs expressed 2-10 times more mRNA for the core proteins of the proteoglycans versican, decorin, and syndecan 4 compared with control cells. There was no change in expression of fibronectin and perlecan. The decorin glycosaminoglycan chains increased in size after exposure to linoleic acid. The ECM produced by cells grown in the presence of linoleic acid bound 125I-labeled LDL more tightly than that of control cells. Darglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligand, neutralized the NEFA-mediated induction of the decorin gene. This suggests that some of the NEFA effects are mediated by PPAR-gamma. These actions of NEFAs, if present in vivo, could contribute to changes of the matrix of the arterial intima associated with micro- and macroangiopathies.  (+info)

Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits differentiation of pre- and post- confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes but inhibits cell proliferation only in preconfluent cells. (5/1169)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 18:2) is a group of isomers (mainly 9-cis, 11-trans and 10-trans, 12-cis) of linoleic acid. CLA is the product of rumen fermentation and can be found in the milk and muscle of ruminants. Animals fed CLA have a lower body fat content. The objective of this study was to establish the possible mechanisms by which CLA affects adipogenesis. 3T3-L1 is a well-established cell line that is used extensively in studying adipocyte biology. These cells typically grow in a culture medium until they reach confluence, at which time they are induced to differentiate by hormonal treatment (d 0). Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with 25 to 100 micromol/L CLA inhibited differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, while linoleic acid treatment did not differ from DMSO-treated controls. Continuous treatment from d -2, -1, 0 or 2 to d 8 and treatment from d -2 to d 0 and from d 0 to d 2 inhibited differentiation. Differentiation was monitored morphologically (oil Red-O staining), enzymatically (reduction of activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and by northern analysis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and adipocyte specific protein 2 mRNA. CLA inhibited cell proliferation of nonconfluent cells but did not affect cell division of confluent cells, as indicated by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and mitochondria metabolism. Therefore, CLA inhibited differentiation before confluence and during induction. However, cellular proliferation was only inhibited prior to induction. These results imply that fat reduction caused by CLA treatment may be attributed to its inhibition of both proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes in animals.  (+info)

Uptake of 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid by cultured cells. (6/1169)

Oxidized free fatty acids have profound effects on cultured cells. However, little is known about whether these effects depend on their uptake and metabolism by cells or primarily involve their interaction with cell-surface components. We determined the uptake and metabolism of unoxidized (linoleic or oleic acid) and oxidized linoleic acid (13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid, 13-HPODE) by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. We show that 13-HPODE is poorly taken up by cells. The levels of uptake were dependent on the cell type but were independent of the expression of CD36. 13-HPODE was also poorly used by microsomal lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase that is involved in the formation of phosphatidylcholine. Based on these results, we suggest that most of the biological effects of 13-HPODE and other oxidized free fatty acids on cells might involve a direct interaction with cell-surface components. Alternatively, very small amounts of oxidized free fatty acids that enter the cell may have effects, analogous to those of hormones or prostanoids.  (+info)

Regulation of 15-lipoxygenase expression and mucus secretion by IL-4 in human bronchial epithelial cells. (7/1169)

Our laboratory has recently shown that mucus differentiation of cultured normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells is accompanied by the increased expression of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO). We used differentiated NHTBE cells to investigate the regulation of 15-LO expression and mucus secretion by inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 dramatically enhanced the expression of 15-LO, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, and interferon (IFN)-gamma had no effect. These cytokines did not increase the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, with the exception of a modest induction by IL-1beta. The IL-4-induced 15-LO expression was concentration dependent, and mRNA and protein expression increased within 3 and 6 h, respectively, after IL-4 treatment. In metabolism studies with intact cells, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) were the major metabolites formed from exogenous arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. No prostaglandins were detected. IL-4 treatment dramatically increased the formation of 13-HODE and 15-HETE compared with that in untreated NHTBE cells, and several additional 15-LO metabolites were observed. Pretreatment of NHTBE cells with IFN-gamma or dexamethasone did not inhibit the IL-4-induced expression of 15-LO except at high concentrations (100 ng/ml of IFN-gamma and 10 microM dexamethasone). IL-4 treatment inhibited mucus secretion and attenuated the expression of the mucin genes MUC5AC and MUC5B at 12-24 h after treatment. Addition of 15-HETE precursor and 13-HODE precursor to the cultures did not alter mucin secretion or mucin gene expression. On the basis of the data presented, we conclude that the increase in 15-LO expression by IL-4 and attenuation of mucus secretion may be independent biological events.  (+info)

Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake. (8/1169)

Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has effects on body fat accumulation. In our previous work, CLA reduced body fat accumulation in mice fed either a high-fat or low-fat diet. Although CLA feeding reduced energy intake, the results suggested that some of the metabolic effects were not a consequence of the reduced food intake. We therefore undertook a study to determine a dose of CLA that would have effects on body composition without affecting energy intake. Five doses of CLA (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% by weight) were studied in AKR/J male mice (n = 12/group; age, 39 days) maintained on a high-fat diet (%fat 45 kcal). Energy intake was not suppressed by any CLA dose. Body fat was significantly lower in the 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% CLA groups compared with controls. The retroperitoneal depot was most sensitive to the effects of CLA, whereas the epididymal depot was relatively resistant. Higher doses of CLA also significantly increased carcass protein content. A time-course study of the effects of 1% CLA on body composition showed reductions in fat pad weights within 2 wk and continued throughout 12 wk of CLA feeding. In conclusion, CLA feeding produces a rapid, marked decrease in fat accumulation, and an increase in protein accumulation, at relatively low doses without any major effects on food intake.  (+info)

Adding polyunsaturated fats instead of saturated fats lowers risk of coronary heart disease. | Food ExposedAdding polyunsaturated fats instead of saturated fats lowers risk of coronary heart disease. | Food Exposed
A study published by the Harvard School of Public Health has determined that the risk of coronary heart disease, (CHD), is lowered if saturated fats are replaced with polyunsaturated fats.. The research consisted of a systematic review and analysis of available studies to summarize the evidence regarding the link between dietary linoleic acid intake and CHD risk in generally healthy people. Thirteen published and unpublished cohort studies were identified with a total of 310,602 individuals and 12,479 total CHD events including 5,882 CHD deaths.. The analysis revealed that dietary linoleic acid intake is inversely associated with CHD risk in a dose-response manner - meaning, higher intake of linoleic acid resulted in a lower risk of CHD. Comparing the highest to the lowest level of consumption, dietary linoleic acid was associated with a 15% lower risk of CHD events and a 21% lower risk of CHD deaths. These results were independent of common coronary heart disease risk factors such as smoking ...
The High-fat Hep C Diet: PCSK9, Alirocumab, and why high linoleic acid intakes increase vulnerability to Hepatitis CThe High-fat Hep C Diet: PCSK9, Alirocumab, and why high linoleic acid intakes increase vulnerability to Hepatitis C
Human PCSK9 is known to enhance the degradation of membrane-bound receptors such as the hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), ApoER2, and very low-density lipoprotein receptor. Because the LDLR is suspected to be involved in hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry, we also tested whether PCSK9 can affect the levels of CD81, a major HCV receptor. Interestingly, stable expression of PCSK9 or a more active membrane-bound form of the protein (PCSK9-ACE2) resulted in a marked reduction in CD81 and LDLR expression. Therefore, we analyzed the antiviral effect of PCSK9 in vitro using the HCV genotype 2a (JFH1) virus. The results clearly demonstrated that cells expressing PCSK9 or PCSK9-ACE2, but not the ACE2 control protein, were resistant to HCV infection. Furthermore, addition of purified soluble PCSK9 to cell culture supernatant impeded HCV infection in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, HuH7 cells expressing PCSK9-ACE2 were also resistant to infection by HCV pseudoparticles. In addition, we ...
Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomized controlled...Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomized controlled...
The majority of evidence suggests that n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid (LA), reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as reflected by current dietary recommendations. However, concern has been expressed that a high intake of dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid contribute …
Increasing dietary linoleic acid does not increase tissue arachidonic acid content in adults consuming Western-type diets: a...Increasing dietary linoleic acid does not increase tissue arachidonic acid content in adults consuming Western-type diets: a...
Arachidonic acid is arguably the most important PUFA associated with membrane phospholipids. Upon release, AA can be enzymatically metabolized to a myriad of bioactive derivatives, eicosanoids, known to contribute to a variety of chronic diseases, but are also known to be involved in tissue homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation [1-4, 22]. The relative abundance of AA in membrane phospholipids positively influences eicosanoid production [23]. It is well known that dietary PUFA can affect tissue AA levels; however, what is uncertain and controversial is whether modifying current intakes of dietary LA will result in concomitant changes in tissue AA content, i.e., increasing LA intake results in an increase in tissue AA content and decreasing LA has the opposite effect [8]. The goal of this paper was to ascertain the relationship between dietary LA and tissue AA content (phospholipid pools of plasma/serum and erythrocytes) in adults consuming a Western-style background diet. It was not ...
What exactly is Linoleic Acid? | Żłobek i przedszkoleWhat exactly is Linoleic Acid? | Żłobek i przedszkole
What exactly is Linoleic Acid? Getting back together a substantial area of the lipids (obviously occurring particles) within the body that is human fatty acids are an essential energy source. Significantly more than 60 essential fatty acids happen present in blood plasma and cells. Nevertheless, only a small percentage are,fraction that is small relevant. A body that is large of regarding efas, total content that is fat and peoples health implies that major sets of efas may be related to a diverse number of health impacts. In the event the diet does not have an amount that is adequate of efas, you may possibly experience deficiency signs, dry and flaky epidermis, dry eyes, exorbitant thirst, and stiff and painful bones. One vital fatty acid is linoleic acid, which can be with this article. What exactly is linoleic acid? And exactly why could it be essential? Whats Linoleic Acid: Characteristics & Characteristics Two for the primary efas needed for a healthy eating plan are linoleic fatty acid ...
Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from...Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from...
The SDHS had several important strengths. The combination of randomization, provision of a specific study oil (safflower) delivering n-6 LA but not n-3 PUFAs, and detailed longitudinal diet assessments allowed for estimation of the specific effects of LA. Although several observational studies have reported associations between LA and risk of coronary heart disease,77 78 79 the food frequency questionnaires used may have limited ability to distinguish the respective intakes of n-6 LA and n-3 α linolenic acid.80 81 Discrimination among PUFA species is limited in observational studies, owing to the wide variability in n-6 LA and n-3 α linolenic acid contents of apparently similar food items (table 1); the lack of vegetable oil and PUFA labeling requirements on packaged foods; and the lack of consumer appreciation for the specific vegetable oils used when dining away from home, which accounts for a large share of total PUFA consumption.82 Therefore, provision of a study oil containing a large ...
Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from...Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from...
The SDHS had several important strengths. The combination of randomization, provision of a specific study oil (safflower) delivering n-6 LA but not n-3 PUFAs, and detailed longitudinal diet assessments allowed for estimation of the specific effects of LA. Although several observational studies have reported associations between LA and risk of coronary heart disease,77 78 79 the food frequency questionnaires used may have limited ability to distinguish the respective intakes of n-6 LA and n-3 α linolenic acid.80 81 Discrimination among PUFA species is limited in observational studies, owing to the wide variability in n-6 LA and n-3 α linolenic acid contents of apparently similar food items (table 1); the lack of vegetable oil and PUFA labeling requirements on packaged foods; and the lack of consumer appreciation for the specific vegetable oils used when dining away from home, which accounts for a large share of total PUFA consumption.82 Therefore, provision of a study oil containing a large ...
Effects of palmitic and linoleic acids on the expressio | Open-iEffects of palmitic and linoleic acids on the expressio | Open-i
Effects of palmitic and linoleic acids on the expression of UPR-associated genes in mRNA level. The tumor cells were treated with TG, PA(250 μM), LA (250 μM)
The High-fat Hep C Diet: A Request for Hep C Epidemiologists to Pay More Attention to Linoleic Acid IntakesThe High-fat Hep C Diet: A Request for Hep C Epidemiologists to Pay More Attention to Linoleic Acid Intakes
Cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa (marijuana) exert biological effects via cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. We recently demonstrated that CB1 and CB2 receptors regulate progression of experimental liver fibrosis. We therefore investigated the impact of cannabis smoking on fibrosis progression rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Two hundred seventy consecutive untreated patients with CHC of known duration undergoing liver biopsy were studied. Demographic, epidemiological, metabolic, and virological data were recorded, and detailed histories of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use over the span of hepatitis C virus infection were obtained. Fibrosis stage, steatosis, and activity grades were scored according to Metavir system. Patients were categorized as noncannabis users (52.2%), occasional users (14.8%), or daily users (33.0%), and the relationship between cannabis use and fibrosis progression rate (FPR) or fibrosis stage was assessed. On multivariate analysis, six factors ...
Stayin Alive: The Lipid HypothesisStayin' Alive: The Lipid Hypothesis
According to data from these studies which were never published, that did not correspond to a reduction in the risk of heart disease, coronary events, or death. I would say this conclusion is not quite definitive. For one thing, the Minnesota study had a non-representative population of residents of mental hospitals and a nursing home. They had a lot of comorbidity. Also the high linoleic acid diets they were fed are considerably more extreme than the diets people would have in real life. For one thing, olive and canola oil are not so high in in linoleic acid; and most people would continue to consume substantial animal at even if they did try to substitute some amount of vegetable oil. Other problems are that the available data from the study dont allow direct testing of the association between LDL levels and outcomes; and that autopsy data to assess atherosclerosis is available for only a small number of participants ...
Linoleic acid permeabilizes gastric epithelial cells by increasing connexin 43 levels in the cell membrane via a GPR40- and Akt...Linoleic acid permeabilizes gastric epithelial cells by increasing connexin 43 levels in the cell membrane via a GPR40- and Akt...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Linoleic acid permeabilizes gastric epithelial cells by increasing connexin 43 levels in the cell membrane via a GPR40- and Akt-dependent mechanism. AU - Puebla, Carlos. AU - Cisterna, Bruno A.. AU - Salas, Daniela P.. AU - Delgado-López, Fernando. AU - Lampe, Paul D.. AU - Sáez, Juan C.. PY - 2016/5/1. Y1 - 2016/5/1. N2 - Linoleic acid (LA) is known to activate G-protein coupled receptors and connexin hemichannels (Cx HCs) but possible interlinks between these two responses remain unexplored. Here, we evaluated the mechanism of action of LA on the membrane permeability mediated by Cx HCs in MKN28 cells. These cells were found to express connexins, GPR40, GPR120, and CD36 receptors. The Cx HC activity of these cells increased after 5 min of treatment with LA or GW9508, an agonist of GPR40/GPR120; or exposure to extracellular divalent cation-free solution (DCFS), known to increase the open probability of Cx HCs, yields an immediate increase in Cx HC activity of similar intensity ...
JLR] Breeding FatJLR] Breeding Fat
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, becoming increasingly common at younger ages. Recent evidence suggests that the unbalanced consumption of different fats, such as a high linoleic acid (LA) to alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) ratio diet, is a risk factor for obesity. Here, the authors examine the effects of transgenerational consumption of a high LA/LNA ratio diet using mice. Mice fed this diet gained weight, a trend that transgressed subsequent generations. The high-fat diet changed the lipid composition in the plasma, adipose tissue and mothers milk, increasing LA and arachidonic acid (ARA) while decreasing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA). While the atypical lipid profile and weight reverted to normal when mice were switched to a standard diet, an incomplete reversion in the epididymal fat pad was observed. Furthermore, the offspring of the mice were heavier at weaning, an effect that persisted despite receiving a ...
Hyperlipid: 09/01/2008 - 10/01/2008Hyperlipid: 09/01/2008 - 10/01/2008
Why is there linoleic acid throughout the liver? The liver likes linoleic acid! In an utterly artificial model, the cholesterol fed hamster (youd better believe it!) on moderate fat diets (45% of calories from fat) show an upregulation of the LDL receptor as the proportion of fat from linoleic acid rises. Dietary saturated fat down regulates the receptor. It seems that this holds true across species and it certainly seems to work in humans, diets high in omega 6 PUFA were the classical cholesterol lowering approach pre statins. You can see why the liver should ignore an LDL particle full of saturated fat. This is Krauss large fluffy non atherogenic lipid, used for delivering calories and cholesterol to wherever they are needed. It came from the liver, why should it go back? But why is the liver so keen to uptake LDL particles when the diet is high in linoleic acid? My guess is that linoleic acid loaded anything is a novel phenomenon and in pre agriculture times linoleic acid was probably very ...
Alteration of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Rat with Linoleic Acid | Circulation ResearchAlteration of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Rat with Linoleic Acid | Circulation Research
When linoleic acid is added to the diet of the rat there is an average increase in incorporation of radiocarbon into liver cholesterol of 259 per cent. By contrast, the addition of coconut oil to the diet does not increase the incorporation of radiocarbon into liver cholesterol. The addition of linoleic acid to a stock diet is associated with an increased fecal excretion of Liberman-Burchard chromogens, 3-β-hydroxy sterols and bile acids.. ...
Linoleic Acid (LA) Market Size - Industry Trends Report 2018-2024 - MethodologyLinoleic Acid (LA) Market Size - Industry Trends Report 2018-2024 - Methodology
Research Methodology of report titled - Linoleic Acid Market Size by Application (Cosmetics, Paints & Coatings, Food & Beverages, Adhesives), By Downstream Potential (Ethyl Linoleic Acid), Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Application Potential, Price Trend, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2018 - 2024
Linoleic Acid (LA) Market Size - Industry Trends Report 2018-2024 - Industry CoverageLinoleic Acid (LA) Market Size - Industry Trends Report 2018-2024 - Industry Coverage
Industry Segmentation and Research Coverage for report titled - Linoleic Acid Market Size by Application (Cosmetics, Paints & Coatings, Food & Beverages, Adhesives), By Downstream Potential (Ethyl Linoleic Acid), Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Application Potential, Price Trend, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2018 - 2024
What Is Linoleic Acid?What Is Linoleic Acid?
What are the benefits of linoleic acid, a common polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)? Besides turmeric, what are other sources of omega-6 fatty acid?
Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other...Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other...
Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men ...
Placebo vs. Linoleic Acid Controlled Assessment of Treatment Efficacy in MS - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govPlacebo vs. Linoleic Acid Controlled Assessment of Treatment Efficacy in MS - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Participants who meet inclusion criteria will start placebo treatment by taking olive oil for 2 months. This period will include screening activities including 3 monthly MRIs. Those with 2 enhancing lesions on three placebo run-in period MRIs will continue in the study and receive omega-6 PUFA (linoleic acid) for 6 months. Brain MRIs will be repeated after 4,5, and 6 months after treatment ...
Omega ResearchOmega Research
Compared to men, women generally had higher C18 trans levels, and between the ages of 10-29 years, they had DHA and lower EPA levels. Among the major FA classes, saturated (41% of total) and trans (∼0.85%) fats did not vary appreciably by age, whereas monounsaturated fats tended to rise slightly. Of the two major n-6 polyunsaturates, arachidonic and linoleic acids, the former was unchanged across decades (16.4% abundance) whereas the latter decreased by about 2 percentage points (13.0-11.1%). The overall median Omega-3 Index was 4.5%, and across the decades it increased by about 1.5 percentage points. The Omega-3 Index and linoleic acid stabilized after age 70 ...
Linoleic acid - FoodLinoleic acid - Food
By Hank Schultz Fruit d Or has announced approval by Health Canada for the omega-3 and omega-6 content of its multifunctional cranberry seed oil ingredient. The approved claim wording includes "for the maintenance of good health." ...
Products That Contain LINOLEIC ACID || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWGProducts That Contain LINOLEIC ACID || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
EWGs Skin Deep® database gives you practical solutions to protect yourself and your family from everyday exposures to chemicals in personal care products.
Products That Contain LINOLEIC ACID || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWGProducts That Contain LINOLEIC ACID || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
EWGs Skin Deep® database gives you practical solutions to protect yourself and your family from everyday exposures to chemicals in personal care products.
linoleic acid Archivos - Interfatlinoleic acid Archivos - Interfat
INTERFAT has been supplying natural oils and derivatives to our customers for over 40 years. We have thus become pure specialists in this kind of raw materials, used in many industries and in a wide range of product areas ...
Linoleic AcidLinoleic Acid
Nutriglow for Biocare, Health Aid, Lamberts, Nutri Advanced, Natures Aid, Natures Plus, Pharma Nord, Solgar, Viridian. Quality vitamins, supplements & natural body care
Linoleic Acid-d4 - Creative ProteomicsLinoleic Acid-d4 - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 79050-23-0 Linoleic Acid-d4. We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
Aparat Anestezie AE 8600A - Magazin Diacena MedicalAparat Anestezie AE 8600A - Magazin Diacena Medical
Statie de lucru pentru anestezie. Modurile PCV si SIMV+PS asigura flexibilitate in ventilatie atat pentru adulti cat si pentru copii. Optional functii de monitorizare O2, CO2 si gaz anestezic. Debitmetrul asigura concentratia de minimum 25% de oxigen in amestecul O2 /N2O. Sistemul de absorbtie poate fi sterilizat la temperatura si presiune ridicata. Grad de utilizare imbunatatit cu oxigen auxiliar, aspiratie, sursa de putere auxiliara, brat monitor, pompa de infuzie, etc.. Specificatii tehnice. Specificatii fizice si de mediu. Dimensiuni: 712 mm x 1400 mm x 780 mm. Greutate: 115 kg (incluzând troliul şi 2 vaporizatoare, fără cilindri de gaz).. Temp. de operare: 10°C la 40°C.. Umiditatea de operare: ≤ 80% (fărăr condens).. Temp. de depozitare: - 20°C la 55°C.. Umiditate de depozitare: ≤ 93%(fărăr condens).. Specificatii electrice. Alimentare: 110 - 240 V; 50 - 60 Hz.. Acumulator: 24V, minim 90 min.. Consum: ≤ 70W.. Specificatii pneumatice. Alimentarea cu gaz: O2, N2O, Aer: 0.28 ...
Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Abdominal Fat Deposition in Yellow-feather Broiler Chickens and Its...Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Abdominal Fat Deposition in Yellow-feather Broiler Chickens and Its...
Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Abdominal Fat Deposition in Yellow-feather Broiler Chickens and Its Possible Mechanism - Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA);Yellow-feather Broiler Chicken;Adipose Tissue;Somatropic Axis;Adiponectin;
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid differentially alters fatty acid composition and increases conjugated linoleic acid content in...Dietary conjugated linoleic acid differentially alters fatty acid composition and increases conjugated linoleic acid content in...
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been shown to decrease body fat content in pigs. It is possible that feeding pigs diets rich in CLA may increase carcass lipid CLA to levels that could provide health benefits when included as a part of a healthy diet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether dietary CLA supplementation has any effect on the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue in pigs. Thirty-five female cross bred (Large White X Landrace) pigs (initial weight 57·2 kg and initial P2 back fat 11·5 mm) were used in the present study. Pigs were housed individually and randomly allocated to one of six dietary treatments (0·00, 1·25, 2·50, 5·00, 7·50 and 10·00 g CLA55 (55 g CLA isomers/100 g total fatty acids; Natural Lipids Ltd, Hovdebygda, Norway)/kg ...
CLA Safflower Oil | 180 Softgels Maximum Potency CLA Supplement with 3000mg Per Serving | Non-GMO Conjugated Linoleic Acid in...CLA Safflower Oil | 180 Softgels Maximum Potency CLA Supplement with 3000mg Per Serving | Non-GMO Conjugated Linoleic Acid in...
CLA 3000 Conjugated Linoleic Acid - The Non-GMO weight management support supplement which works great for the summer, toning, burning body fat, and increasing overall health. Along with a calorie-controlled diet & routine exercise regimen, CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) is an omega-6 fatty acid supplement developed to help reduce body fat while retaining lean muscle mass without any added stimulants. CLA 3000 is a high potency, premium grade conjugated linoleic acid formula derived from safflower seed oil. This product is trusted by thousands of people all over the world and is Made in the USA!. ...
CLA 1000mg Conjugated Linoleic Acid Improves Lean Muscle Tone Fast Weight Loss | eBayCLA 1000mg Conjugated Linoleic Acid Improves Lean Muscle Tone Fast Weight Loss | eBay
Sunleafy CLA Conjugated linoleic acid 60 Softgels. CLA also is known as conjugated linoleic acid is a rising star in the weight loss and sports nutrition industries. SunLeafy CLA Conjugated linoleic acid, Weight Loss, Bodybuilding ✔Non-GMO✔ 60 Softgels✔.
Conjugated linoleic acid - WikipediaConjugated linoleic acid - Wikipedia
Most studies of CLAs have used a mixture of isomers wherein the isomers c9,t11-CLA (rumenic acid) and t10,c12-CLA were the most abundant.[6] More recent studies using individual isomers indicate that the two isomers have very different health effects.[7][8] Conjugated linoleic acid is both a trans fatty acid and a cis fatty acid. The cis bond causes a lower melting point and, ostensibly, also the observed beneficial health effects. Unlike other trans fatty acids, it may have beneficial effects on human health.[9] CLA is conjugated, and in the United States, trans linkages in a conjugated system are not counted as trans fats for the purposes of nutritional regulations and labeling.[citation needed] CLA and some trans isomers of oleic acid are produced by microorganisms in the rumens of ruminants. Non-ruminants, including humans, produce certain isomers of CLA from trans isomers of oleic acid, such as vaccenic acid, which is converted to CLA by delta-9-desaturase.[10][11] In healthy humans, CLA ...
Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat content and lipogenic gene expression in the mammary gland of sows...Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat content and lipogenic gene expression in the mammary gland of sows...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat content and lipogenic gene expression in the mammary gland of sows without altering litter performance. AU - Sandri, E. C.. AU - Harvatine, K. J.. AU - Oliveira, D. E.. PY - 2020/3/28. Y1 - 2020/3/28. N2 - Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) decreases milk fat synthesis in lactating sows and involves, at least in part, the down-regulation of lipogenic genes. The objective was to evaluate the effect of CLA on milk composition and lipogenic gene expression. Twenty multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments for 18 d (from day 7 to day 25 of lactation): (1) control (no CLA added) and (2) 1 % of CLA mixed into the ration. CLA treatment decreased milk fat and protein content by 20 % (P = 0·004) and 11 % (P = 0·0001), respectively. However, piglet weight did not differ between treatments (P = 0·60). Dietary CLA increased the concentration of SFA in milk fat by 16 % (P , 0·0001) and ...
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation for Twelve Weeks Increases Le by Susan E. Steck, Allison M. Chalecki et al."Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation for Twelve Weeks Increases Le" by Susan E. Steck, Allison M. Chalecki et al.
The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 137, Issue 5, 2007, pages 1188-1193. Steck, S. E., Chalecki, A. M., Miller, P., Conway, J., Austin, G. L., Hardin, J. W., ... Thuillier, P. (2007). Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for twelve weeks increases lean body mass in obese humans. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(5), 1188-1193.. © The Journal of Nutrition, 2007, American Society for Nutrition. ...
Daily in vitro dosing of conjugated linoleic acid on THP-1 cultured monocytesDaily in vitro dosing of conjugated linoleic acid on THP-1 cultured monocytes
BACKGROUND: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been established as a natural peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-y) ligand. Recent studies have explored the possible health benefits associated with CLA for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in relation to the insulin sensitising properties of PPAR-y activation. However, synthetic PPAR-y ligands such as rosiglitazone are claimed to exert detrimental cardiovascular complications. Thus, with the alarming side effects possibly generated from rosiglitazone, this study will test the hypothesis that natural PPAR-y ligand CLA does not exert cytotoxic effects on monocytic cell viability. METHOD: Cell culture techniques employed THP-I monocytic cells. THP-I monocytes were treated with CLA (20µM and 100µM), once with a bolus dose and with a repeated dose which was administered at every passage (3/4 days) over a 14 day duration. Caspase glo 3/7 and MTS assays were preformed daily to assess cell viability and apoptosis. ...
The effect of dietary manipulation on the content and positional distribution of fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid...The effect of dietary manipulation on the content and positional distribution of fatty acids including conjugated linoleic acid...
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is produced in the rumen by isomerization of linoleic acid and has been shown to be anticarcinogenic. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding dietary CLA to pre-ruminant lambs or linoleic acid-rich safflower oil to weaned ruminating lambs. Fat content, CLA content and fatty acid (FA) composition of diaphragm, leg, rib, subcutaneous (SC) adipose and liver tissues were determined. The triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions of the total lipid (TL) from the diaphragm, rib and SC adipose tissues were analyzed for FA composition and FA positional distribution. The phospholipid (PL) fractions of the TL were analyzed for FA composition. The positional (PL) fractions of the TL were analyzed for FA composition. The positional distribution of FAs of liver PL was determined. Tissue fat content was affected by diet only in SC adipose tissue. Dietary supplementation with safflower oil increased the fat content of the subcutaneous adipose tissue whereas CLA ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20037035 - Effects of vitamin E and linoleic acid supplementation on lipid peroxidation and...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20037035 - Effects of vitamin E and linoleic acid supplementation on lipid peroxidation and...
Cultured human keratinocytes (HK) grown in serum-free medium become deficient in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from linoleic acid (LA) and this renders HK less responsive to lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide (BHP). We have previously shown that linoleic acid supplementation (LA-SUP) reverses this condition. Since the growth medium also lacks the anti
Amount of 18:2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) in Pasta mix, classic cheeseburger macaroni, unpreparedAmount of 18:2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) in Pasta mix, classic cheeseburger macaroni, unprepared
How much of 18:2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) is present in Pasta mix, classic cheeseburger macaroni, unprepared in details, quantity how high or low 18:2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) nutrient content it has.
High dose of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture increases insulin resistance in rats fed either a low fat or a high fat diet -...High dose of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture increases insulin resistance in rats fed either a low fat or a high fat diet -...
Obesity and related diseases are becoming more prevalent. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might be a useful coadjutant treatment helping to decrease fat mass. However, the precise impact of CLA is unclear because the decreased body fat mass is followed by an increase in insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate some of the consequences of a high dose of CLA in rats fed a normal low fat or a high fat diet for 30 days. Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups (each n = 10): Control group receiving 7% fat (soybean oil); CLA group receiving 4% soybean oil and 3% CLA mixture; animal fat (AF) group, receiving 45% fat (lard); and animal fat plus CLA (AF+CLA) group, receiving 42% lard and 3% CLA mixture. The CLA mixture contained 39.32 mole% c9,t11-CLA and 40.50 mole% t10,c12-CLA. After 30 days, both CLA groups (CLA and AF+CLA groups) developed insulin resistance, with an increase in glucose in the fasting state and in an insulin tolerance test. The CLA group had increased liver weight and ...
Download Images: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) - WebMD (Images)Download Images: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) - WebMD (Images)
Find patient medical information for POMEGRANATE on WebMD including its uses, effectiveness, side effects and safety, interactions, user ratings and products that Find patient medical information for CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID on WebMD including its uses, effectiveness, side effects and safety, interactions, user
Linoleic Acid, Other Fatty Acids, and the Risk of Stroke | StrokeLinoleic Acid, Other Fatty Acids, and the Risk of Stroke | Stroke
The major finding of the present study was that serum linoleic acid was inversely associated with the risk of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and more specifically lacunar infarction. These associations remained significant even after adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors and the matching variables of age, sex, years of serum storage, and community. Further adjustment for other fatty acids such as saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids did not materially alter the relation with risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke. Serum saturated fatty acids were positively associated with the risk of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and lacunar infarction, but these associations disappeared when adjusted further for linoleic and monounsaturated fatty acids. The adjustment for these fatty acids may be unreliable because saturated fatty acids and linoleic acid were strongly correlated. However, the analysis is likely to be correct statistically because we verified that the relationship of ...
Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Atherosclerosis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govConjugated Linoleic Acid and Atherosclerosis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Rationale: Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can protect against the atherosclerosis development in several animal models. Studies in transgenic mice have shown that mechanisms might involve beneficial effects on lipoprotein metabolism and insulin sensitivity and in addition activation of anti-inflammatory pathways. A very limited amount of human studies have not shown similar beneficial effect of cis9,trans11-CLA on insulin sensitivity in obese subjects, yet cis9,trans11-CLA did improve the lipoprotein profile in healthy subjects. The effect of cis9,trans11-CLA supplementation on alternative early biomarkers of atherosclerosis, like aortic pulse wave velocity, and alternative biomarkers identified through platelet proteomics, has not been assessed before, and may add valuable insights into the mechanism of this functional fatty acid in humans.. Objective: To assess the effect of increased intake of cis9 trans11-CLA on development of atherosclerosis, as assessed with aortic pulse ...
The Health Benefits of Conjugated Linoleic Acids - Step To HealthThe Health Benefits of Conjugated Linoleic Acids - Step To Health
Conjugated linoleic acids are slightly modified essential fatty acids. This characteristic offers a series of health benefits to the body, especially when
Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Early Inflammatory Responses during Cutaneous Wound HealingEffect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Early Inflammatory Responses during Cutaneous Wound Healing
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) versus saturated fats/cholesterol: their proportion in fatty and lean meats may affect the risk...Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) versus saturated fats/cholesterol: their proportion in fatty and lean meats may affect the risk...
In spite of the considerable amount of experimental, clinical and epidemiological research about the consumption of red meat, total fats, saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol with regard to the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), the issue remains controversial. The general belief is a reduction of red meat intake, and subsequent nutritional advice usually strongly recommends this. Paradoxically, beef together with whole milk and dairy derivatives, are almost the only sources for conjugated linoleic acid (CLAs) family. Furthermore CLAs are the only natural fatty acids accepted by the National Academy of Sciences of USA as exhibiting consistent antitumor properties at levels as low as 0.25 - 1.0 per cent of total fats. Beside CLA, other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) belonging to the essential fatty acid (EFA) n-3 family, whose main source are fish and seafood, are generally believed to be antipromoters for several cancers. The purpose of this work is to critically analyze the
CLA With Safflower Oil - Natural Factors - CLA -Tonalin Linoleic Acid 1000mg - sftgl - 60CLA With Safflower Oil - Natural Factors - CLA -Tonalin Linoleic Acid 1000mg - sftgl - 60
The nutritional supplement CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) is a slightly altered form of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid. Over 200 studies have shown that CLA may play a very important role not only in weight loss, but in helping to fight cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). In promoting weight less double-blind studies show an increase in lean muscle mass and a decrease in percentage body fat compared to placebo group. The subjects taking CLA also reported less fatigue, dizziness and nausea than those on the placebo. Researchers believe that CLA helps block fat cells that are in the body from filling up with fat by interfering with a fat-storing enzyme known as lipoprotein lipase as well as by increasing the sensitivity of cells to the hormone insulin. CLA is also believed to help burn fat by revving up muscle metabolism and helping increase lean muscle mass. The more muscle you have, the more calories your body uses in order to function, thereby speeding up the
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) - What is it and what are the benefits? | Moon Inside YouConjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) - What is it and what are the benefits? | Moon Inside You
Conjugated Linoleic Acid, mostly known as CLA is an essential fatty acid that the human body needs to function correctly, but unfortunately, it cant produce it on its own. That is why finding the best way to supplement is essential for every one of us. Some people prefer to take it from foods and include in their diet certain types of meat like beef or pork, dairy products obtained from whole fat milk, eggs or mushrooms. But in most cases, this is not enough to ensure the body gets the necessary daily amount of CLA the body requires to keep its functions at optimum levels.. Medical studies reveal more and more benefits of including CLA in the daily diet. Not only it is an excellent ally in the fight with excessive weight, and it can help melt away that stubborn belly fat, but it also brings associated health improvements like controlling the blood sugar level, reducing the insulin resistance or regulating the blood pressure.. A simple pill will not change the game entirely overnight. It ...
Bioactive Components | Milk | Conjugated Linoleic Acid | PUFABioactive Components | Milk | Conjugated Linoleic Acid | PUFA
Bioactive components in milk like trans fatty acids, bioactive lipids, conjugated linoleic acid, PUFA, poly unsaturated fatty acids, butyrates are explained in this article.
Evlution Nutrition - CLA 1000 Conjugated linoleic acid, 180 Serving Soft Gel, Weight Loss Supplement, Stimulant-Free | Health...Evlution Nutrition - CLA 1000 Conjugated linoleic acid, 180 Serving Soft Gel, Weight Loss Supplement, Stimulant-Free | Health...
Product Features Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is thought to play a role in reducing body fat, increasing lean muscle
CLA 1250 Mg 90 Count 80% Conjugated Linoleic Acid, DureLife CLA 1,250 Is A Weight Management Diet Supplement Fat Burner And A...CLA 1250 Mg 90 Count 80% Conjugated Linoleic Acid, DureLife CLA 1,250 Is A Weight Management Diet Supplement Fat Burner And A...
CLA 1250 Mg 90 Count 80% Conjugated Linoleic Acid, DureLife CLA 1,250 Is A Weight Management Diet Supplement Fat Burner And A Non-GMO Natural Weightloss Supplement By Boosting The Metabolism
A Comparison among Analytical Methods to Assess Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA) Content and Repeatability of...A Comparison among Analytical Methods to Assess Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA) Content and Repeatability of...
A Comparison among Analytical Methods to Assess Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA) Content and Repeatability of Ruminant Faeces
CLA Conjugated Linoleic Acid 1000mg 90 Capsules - Lions, Tigers & BearsCLA Conjugated Linoleic Acid 1000mg 90 Capsules - Lions, Tigers & Bears
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring free fatty acid. CLA occurs naturally in foods such as cheese, milk, lamb and beef as well as many p
CLA Conjugated Linoleic Acid 1000mg 90 Capsules - Lions, Tigers & BearsCLA Conjugated Linoleic Acid 1000mg 90 Capsules - Lions, Tigers & Bears
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring free fatty acid. CLA occurs naturally in foods such as cheese, milk, lamb and beef as well as many p
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) & Weight Loss | NutritionVista...Better Health. Simplified.Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) & Weight Loss | NutritionVista...Better Health. Simplified.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) & Weight Loss - The long-term effects of conventional weight-management programs are unsatisfactory, and alternative therapies, including dietary supplements, are repeatedly used by obese persons in society. Although the use of dietary supplements is widespread, the documentation on their efficacy and safety is not convincing.
60 S Conjugated Linoleic Acid - CLA 850 mg 85% - Organika | eBay60 S Conjugated Linoleic Acid - CLA 850 mg 85% - Organika | eBay
60 S Conjugated Linoleic Acid - CLA 850 mg 85% - Organika | Health & Beauty, Vitamins & Dietary Supplements, Other Vitamins & Supplements | eBay!
Pure Encapsulations CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) - 180 softgels | AccutritionPure Encapsulations CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) - 180 softgels | Accutrition
Pure Encapsulations CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid - 180 softgels) promotes healthy body composition when combined with a healthy diet and exercise.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Cartilage - Uses, recommendations, dosage, and side effects - from ecomiiConjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Cartilage - Uses, recommendations, dosage, and side effects - from ecomii
Information about Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), including dosage recommendations, uses, potential side effects, and deficiency signs
Conjugated Linoleic Acid | St. Marks HospitalConjugated Linoleic Acid | St. Mark's Hospital
Learn more about Conjugated Linoleic Acid at St. Marks Hospital Supplement Forms/Alternate Names CLA Uses Principal Proposed Uses Improving...
Conjugated Linoleic Acid | Doctors HospitalConjugated Linoleic Acid | Doctors Hospital
Learn more about Conjugated Linoleic Acid at Doctors Hospital of Augusta Supplement Forms/Alternate Names CLA Uses Principal Proposed Uses ...
Improving photodamage: Clinical study corroborates efficacy, safety of conjugated linoleic acid treatmentImproving photodamage: Clinical study corroborates efficacy, safety of conjugated linoleic acid treatment
The efficacy and safety of a cosmeceutical cream containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for improving the appearance of facial photodamage skin was investigated in a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, split-face study of 25 women. Assessments of changes in periorbital skin showed statistically significant differences favoring use of the CLA-containing cream. No skin irritation was noted throughout the study.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid OilConjugated Linoleic Acid Oil
Free delivery over £20. Buy best Quest Vitamins - Conjugated Linoleic Acid Oil (30 Capsules) online at HealthyPeach.com. Best Price Guaranteed!
United States Conjugated Linoleic Acid Industry 2016 Deep Market Research ReportUnited States Conjugated Linoleic Acid Industry 2016 Deep Market Research Report
The report focuses on United States major leading industry players providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out. The Conjugated Linoleic Acid industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and overall research conclusions offered ...
Real Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reviews ~ AnaboliccoReal Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reviews ~ Anabolicco
As with other products on the market, its important to read Conjugated Linoleic Acid reviews to understand if its effective or not.
GNC Total Lean Thermo CLAGNC Total Lean Thermo CLA
Many different kinds of conjugated linoleic acid are on the market, and every model has its advantages and flaws. So, before you go out and make your purchase, consider whats needed to fit your needs.. There are many brands out there, how are you to know which one to choose? Which type of conjugated linoleic acid would best suit you?. If you have been looking for a cheap conjugated linoleic acid reviews, this GNC Total Lean Thermo CLA is a noticeable product. Many good reviews already proving the quality of this product. The Dr. Wade s Organics is equipped with a large number of features that makes it great product. The most sold product is not expensive and it is highly desirable, and if you want to buy it, you should not miss this opportunity because this product is the price length applications. ...
Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length...Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
Comparative Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and Linoleic Acid (LA) on the Oxidoreduction Status in THP-1 MacrophagesComparative Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and Linoleic Acid (LA) on the Oxidoreduction Status in THP-1 Macrophages
Close The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the users device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the users data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser. ...
CMU Intellectual Repository: 5α-reductase inhibition and melanogenesis induction of the selected thai plant extractsCMU Intellectual Repository: 5α-reductase inhibition and melanogenesis induction of the selected thai plant extracts
2018, Chiang Mai University. All rights reserved. Five selected Thai plant extracts, including Lotus seeds, Black Sesame seeds, White Kwao Krua tubers, rice bran and Asiatic Pennywort leaves were extracted by different solvents (ethyl acetate, ethanol and water). The mixture of the rice bran extract and the White Kwao Krua extract at 1:1 weight ratio, the water and chloroform fractions of the decolorized Asiatic Pennywort extract and the rice bran extract loaded in β-cyclodextrin were prepared. The samples were investigated for 5α-reductase inhibition in DU-145 prostate carcinoma and melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The rice bran extract not loaded and loaded in β-cyclodextrin exhibited the high linoleic acid contents of 21.13±1.22 and 21.47±0.91% w/w, respectively. The highest inhibitory effect of 5α-reductase type 1 was observed in 0.5 mg/mL of the rice bran extract at 87.43±7.15% of the control, which was higher than the standard dutasteride of about 1.60 times, followed ...
CMU Intellectual Repository: 5a-Reductase Inhibition and Melanogenesis Induction of the Selected Thai Plant ExtractsCMU Intellectual Repository: 5a-Reductase Inhibition and Melanogenesis Induction of the Selected Thai Plant Extracts
Five selected Thai plant extracts, including Lotus seeds, Black Sesame seeds, White Kwao Krua tubers, rice bran and Asiatic Pennywort leaves were extracted by different solvents (ethyl acetate, ethanol and water). The mixture of the rice bran extract and the White Kwao Krua extract at 1:1 weight ratio, the water and chloroform fractions of the decolorized Asiatic Pennywort extract and the rice bran extract loaded in b-cyclodextrin were prepared. The samples were investigated for 5a-reductase inhibition in DU-145 prostate carcinoma and melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The rice bran extract not loaded and loaded in b-cyclodextrin exhibited the high linoleic acid contents of 21.13±1.22 and 21.47±0.91% w/w, respectively. The highest inhibitory effect of 5a-reductase type 1 was observed in 0.5 mg/mL of the rice bran extract at 87.43±7.15% of the control, which was higher than the standard dutasteride of about 1.60 times, followed respectively by the mixture of the rice bran extract and the ...
Making Use of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Bodybuilding Sports - Otis GrahamMaking Use of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Bodybuilding Sports - Otis Graham
Yet, most researches of CLA have actually been done on pets, however human tests are soon to begin and scientists are really excited regarding what they will locate. In the meanwhile, it is thought that modest amounts of CLA taken in supplement form are most definitely not harmful as well as might in fact be useful with a couple of possible exemptions, consisting of those suffering or in jeopardy for diabetes. Remarkably, among the foods which contains a lot of CLA is the manufactured cheese food Cheek Whiz. Certainly, this isnt a particularly healthful food for the diet overall, so your best choice is to get it in supplement form. When you get your CLA in supplement form, you can manage how much you take due to the fact that you utilize premeasured soft gel capsules. In addition, you do not need to absorb a considerable boost in calories to get the CLA you require. It isnt fairly yet comprehended how CLA functions, yet it is assumed that it counteracts linoleic acids negative results, and ...
Linoleic Acids, Conjugated | The Chopra LibraryLinoleic Acids, Conjugated | The Chopra Library
Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the conversion of stearate (18:0) to oleate (18:1n-9) and of palmitate (16:0) to palmitoleate (16:1), which are key steps in triglyceride synthesis in the fatty acid metabolic network. This study investigated the role of SCD1 in fatty acid metabolism in HepG2 cells using SCD1 inhibitors and stable isotope tracers. HepG2 cells were cultured with [U-(13)C]stearate, [U-(13)C]palmitate, or [1,2-(13)C]acetate and (1) DMSO, (2) compound CGX0168 or CGX0290, or (3) trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA ...
Linoleic acid role balanced by changes to gut microbiotaLinoleic acid role balanced by changes to gut microbiota
Pro and prebiotics may be used to balance the potentially negative effects of a form of conjugated linoleic acid, according to research in mice.
May 23, 2017 - mk-2866 CycleMay 23, 2017 - mk-2866 Cycle
Like milk this wonder plant does the body good as you can see! ?Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) has been studied and tested for several years now. In diet and health CLA has been attributed as an antioxidant and has anti-caner properties. What Are Sarms Used For more so CLA has been a major use for weight management studies show that the effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation have positive effects on body fat especially abdominal fat in humans.. Protein-rich foods are essential for muscle tissue repair. In order for muscle to grow liquid-s4 sarms research com muscle tears must take place. Lots of food helps repair the torn tissues and allow the muscles to grow. 9. Drink lots of water to keep your body hydrated. Every time you sweat your body dries up and you need to replace lost water.. You can use them to create a sexy body. This device is as well an exercise ball. It could help in performing various routine exercises. It is in shape of a ball and it is bouncy and round.. Dont be ...
extropians: conjugated linoleic acid and diabetesextropians: conjugated linoleic acid and diabetes
CLA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid which has anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties. CLA activates PPAR alpha in liver, and shares functional similarities to ligands of PPAR gamma, the thiazolidinediones, which are potent insulin sensitizers. We provide the first evidence that CLA is able to normalize impaired glucose tolerance and improve hyperinsulinemia in the pre-diabetic ZDF rat. Additionally, dietary CLA increased steady state levels of aP2 mRNA in adipose tissue of fatty ZDF rats compared to controls, consistent with activation of PPAR gamma. The insulin sensitizing effects of CLA are due, at least in part, to activation of PPAR gamma since increasing levels of CLA induced a dose-dependent transactivation of PPAR gamma in CV-1 cells cotransfected with PPAR gamma and PPRE X 3-luciferase reporter construct. CLA effects on glucose tolerance and glucose homeostasis indicate that dietary CLA may prove to be an important therapy for the prevention and treatment of NIDDM ...
Publication : USDA ARSPublication : USDA ARS
Citation: Chen, Z., Wang, M.L., Barkley, N.L., Pittman, R.N. 2010. A Simple Allele-Specific PCR Assay for Detecting FAD2 Alleles in Both A and B Genomes of the Cultivated Peanut for High Oleate Trait Selection. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 28:542-548. Interpretive Summary: Peanut seeds contain about 44-56% oil which is comprised of up to 12 fatty acids. Two major fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid account for approximately 80% of the oil composition. Peanut oils containing a high percentage of linoleic acid are prone to oxidation, leading to rancidity, off-flavors, and short shelf life during seed storage. Consuming oils with high levels of oleic acid is believed to beneficial to human health by reducing low density lipoproteins (LDL), maintaining high density lipoprotein (HDL), slowing down atherosclerosis, and reversing the inhibitory effect of insulin production. The conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid is mainly catalyzed by the 12 fatty acid desaturase (FAD). Two ...
Safflower Oil Linoleic Acid 6g 100caps or 200caps Private Label 100 Bottle PriceSafflower Oil Linoleic Acid 6g 100caps or 200caps Private Label 100 Bottle Price
... Vitamins Because Your Worth It Offers Over 1300 Products at Private Label 100 Bottle Price. Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs and Nutritional Supplements.
Vegetable oilVegetable oil
Avocado oilAvocado oil
Hemp oilHemp oil
Decanoic acidDecanoic acid
Palmitic acidPalmitic acid
MontelukastMontelukast
AntileukotrieneAntileukotriene
Poppyseed oilPoppyseed oil
ClasClas
Linoleate 11-lipoxygenaseLinoleate 11-lipoxygenase
Linoleate isomeraseLinoleate isomerase
Linoleoyl-CoA desaturaseLinoleoyl-CoA desaturase
Linoleate diol synthaseLinoleate diol synthase
Chicken fatChicken fat
1-Octen-3-ol1-Octen-3-ol
Saint Boniface HospitalSaint Boniface Hospital
Dactylellina haptotylaDactylellina haptotyla
Epoxide hydrolase 2Epoxide hydrolase 2
AvocadoAvocado
Iris spuria subsp. musulmanicaIris spuria subsp. musulmanica
Trans,cis-2,6-NonadienalTrans,cis-2,6-Nonadienal
Artificial marblingArtificial marbling
Epoxide hydrolaseEpoxide hydrolase
FetaFeta
MealwormMealworm
List of vegetable oilsList of vegetable oils
Olive oilOlive oil
Leukotriene-A4 hydrolaseLeukotriene-A4 hydrolase
SafflowerSafflower
Polyunsaturated fatPolyunsaturated fat
മിരിസ്റ്റിക് ആസിഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയമിരിസ്റ്റിക് ആസിഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
PecanPecan
BiodieselBiodiesel
GPR120GPR120
Jarak - WikipédiaJarak - Wikipédia
Tetradecylthioacetic acidTetradecylthioacetic acid
SelexipagSelexipag
سرطان پروستات - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزادسرطان پروستات - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
MesalazineMesalazine
HempHemp
Fenamic acidFenamic acid
Vegetable oilVegetable oil
Ácido alfa-eleoesteárico, a enciclopedia libreÁcido alfa-eleoesteárico, a enciclopedia libre
BenorilateBenorilate
Saturated fatSaturated fat
ലോറിക് ആസിഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയലോറിക് ആസിഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
പ്രോസ്റ്റാഗ്ലാൻഡിൻ EP3 റിസപ്റ്റർ - വിക്കിപീഡിയപ്രോസ്റ്റാഗ്ലാൻഡിൻ EP3 റിസപ്റ്റർ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Silybum marianumSilybum marianum
RofecoxibRofecoxib
AspirinAspirin
SafflowerSafflower
Coffee beanCoffee bean
DiglycerideDiglyceride
Allyl groupAllyl group
Polyunsaturated fatPolyunsaturated fat
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2
Okara (food)Okara (food)
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Linoleic AcidLinoleic AcidsLinoleic Acids, ConjugatedFatty AcidsFatty Acids, Unsaturatedalpha-Linolenic AcidLinolenic AcidsFatty Acids, EssentialLipoxygenaseHydrogenationIsomerismDietary FatsStearic AcidsDietary Fats, UnsaturatedFatty Acid DesaturasesOleic AcidPlant OilsOleic AcidsLipid PeroxidesFatty Acids, Omega-6Arachidonic AcidPhospholipidsLinoleoyl-CoA DesaturaseChromatography, GasButyrivibriogamma-Linolenic AcidCorn OilDocosahexaenoic AcidsAdipose TissueLipidsFatty Acids, Omega-3Safflower OilLipid MetabolismDietDietary SupplementsTriglyceridesLipid PeroxidationEicosapentaenoic AcidAnimal FeedMilkSoybeansGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryOxidation-ReductionSoybean OilFish OilsStereoisomerismArachidonate 15-LipoxygenaseArachidonic AcidsBody WeightFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedPalmitic AcidsLiver12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic AcidMeatFatty Acids, NonesterifiedFatsButterRats, Inbred BUFChromatography, Thin LayerStearoyl-CoA DesaturaseBody CompositionPalmitic AcidPeroxidesEsterificationCholesterolRumenRandom AllocationPhosphatidylcholinesSwineTrans Fatty AcidsLactationHydroxyeicosatetraenoic AcidsCattleSeedsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidOilsLipoxygenase InhibitorsDioctyl Sulfosuccinic AcidVitamin EAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaLinseed OilInfant FoodOmasumCholesterol EstersPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsCocosAntioxidantsKineticsDose-Response Relationship, DrugCarbon RadioisotopesDeficiency DiseasesIsomerasesCarbon-Carbon Double Bond IsomerasesEnergy IntakeCells, CulturedLipoproteinsbeta-TocopherolOrgan SizeIntestinal AbsorptionStaphylococcus saprophyticusEmulsionsPicratesWeight GainErucic AcidsFree RadicalsOctanesFlame IonizationCalendula
Products That Contain LINOLEIC ACID || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWGProducts That Contain LINOLEIC ACID || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
Linoleic acid - FoodLinoleic acid - Food
Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from...Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from...
Alteration of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Rat with Linoleic Acid | Circulation ResearchAlteration of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Rat with Linoleic Acid | Circulation Research
Linoleic Acid (LA) Market Size - Industry Trends Report 2018-2024 - Industry CoverageLinoleic Acid (LA) Market Size - Industry Trends Report 2018-2024 - Industry Coverage
Increasing dietary linoleic acid does not increase tissue arachidonic acid content in adults consuming Western-type diets: a...Increasing dietary linoleic acid does not increase tissue arachidonic acid content in adults consuming Western-type diets: a...
Linoleic Acid-d4 - Creative ProteomicsLinoleic Acid-d4 - Creative Proteomics
Linoleic AcidLinoleic Acid
linoleic acid Archivos - Interfatlinoleic acid Archivos - Interfat
What Is Linoleic Acid?What Is Linoleic Acid?
What exactly is Linoleic Acid? | Żłobek i przedszkoleWhat exactly is Linoleic Acid? | Żłobek i przedszkole
Effects of palmitic and linoleic acids on the expressio | Open-iEffects of palmitic and linoleic acids on the expressio | Open-i
The High-fat Hep C Diet: PCSK9, Alirocumab, and why high linoleic acid intakes increase vulnerability to Hepatitis CThe High-fat Hep C Diet: PCSK9, Alirocumab, and why high linoleic acid intakes increase vulnerability to Hepatitis C
Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other...Fish oil in combination with high or low intakes of linoleic acid lowers plasma triacylglycerols but does not affect other...
Linoleic acid permeabilizes gastric epithelial cells by increasing connexin 43 levels in the cell membrane via a GPR40- and Akt...Linoleic acid permeabilizes gastric epithelial cells by increasing connexin 43 levels in the cell membrane via a GPR40- and Akt...
The High-fat Hep C Diet: A Request for Hep C Epidemiologists to Pay More Attention to Linoleic Acid IntakesThe High-fat Hep C Diet: A Request for Hep C Epidemiologists to Pay More Attention to Linoleic Acid Intakes
Conjugated linoleic acid - WikipediaConjugated linoleic acid - Wikipedia
What is Linoleic Acid?What is Linoleic Acid?
EWG Skin Deep® | What is LINOLEIC ACIDEWG Skin Deep® | What is LINOLEIC ACID
Conjugated Linoleic AcidsConjugated Linoleic Acids
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla): Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and WarningConjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla): Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning
Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Obese Women - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govConjugated Linoleic Acid in Obese Women - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Relationship of Dietary Linoleic Acid to Blood Pressure | HypertensionRelationship of Dietary Linoleic Acid to Blood Pressure | Hypertension
Isomer-Specific Antidiabetic Properties of Conjugated Linoleic Acid | DiabetesIsomer-Specific Antidiabetic Properties of Conjugated Linoleic Acid | Diabetes
CLA Conjugated Linoleic Acid | GreenMedInfo | Substance | NaturalCLA Conjugated Linoleic Acid | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural
Dietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-AG and anandamide and induces obesity. - PubMed - NCBIDietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-AG and anandamide and induces obesity. - PubMed - NCBI
A Quick Guide to CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) - Blog - iHerbA Quick Guide to CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) - Blog - iHerb
Conjugated linoleic acids in dairy products targets diabetesConjugated linoleic acids in dairy products targets diabetes
Linoleic acid crystals - Stock Image - A600/0829 - Science Photo LibraryLinoleic acid crystals - Stock Image - A600/0829 - Science Photo Library
Conjugated linoleic acid bodybuilding benefitsConjugated linoleic acid bodybuilding benefits
Dietary linoleic acid divergently affects immune responsiveness of growing layer hensDietary linoleic acid divergently affects immune responsiveness of growing layer hens
Molecular modeling of metabolism for allergen-free low linoleic acid peanuts.Molecular modeling of metabolism for allergen-free low linoleic acid peanuts.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid - MrSupplement.com.auConjugated Linoleic Acid - MrSupplement.com.au
Weight loss with Conjugated Linoleic Acid!Weight loss with Conjugated Linoleic Acid!
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and NitrateNovelty and Significance | HypertensionConjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and NitrateNovelty and Significance | Hypertension
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
Frontiers | Molecular Targets of Omega 3 and Conjugated Linoleic Fatty Acids - Micromanaging Cellular Response | PhysiologyFrontiers | Molecular Targets of Omega 3 and Conjugated Linoleic Fatty Acids - "Micromanaging" Cellular Response | Physiology
Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length...Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length...
Sheep cheese naturally enriched in α-linolenic, conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids improves the lipid profile and reduces...Sheep cheese naturally enriched in α-linolenic, conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids improves the lipid profile and reduces...
Linoleic Acid, Other Fatty Acids, and the Risk of Stroke | StrokeLinoleic Acid, Other Fatty Acids, and the Risk of Stroke | Stroke
Linoleic acidLinoleic acid
Cross-sectional study of conjugated linoleic acid in adipose tissue and risk of diabetesCross-sectional study of conjugated linoleic acid in adipose tissue and risk of diabetes
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Linoleic acid (HMDB0000673)Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Linoleic acid (HMDB0000673)
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Linoleic AcidLinoleic AcidsLinoleic Acids, ConjugatedFatty AcidsFatty Acids, Unsaturatedalpha-Linolenic AcidLinolenic AcidsFatty Acids, EssentialLipoxygenaseHydrogenationIsomerismDietary FatsStearic AcidsDietary Fats, UnsaturatedFatty Acid DesaturasesOleic AcidPlant OilsOleic AcidsLipid PeroxidesFatty Acids, Omega-6Arachidonic AcidPhospholipidsLinoleoyl-CoA DesaturaseChromatography, GasButyrivibriogamma-Linolenic AcidCorn OilDocosahexaenoic AcidsAdipose TissueLipidsFatty Acids, Omega-3Safflower OilLipid MetabolismDietDietary SupplementsTriglyceridesLipid PeroxidationEicosapentaenoic AcidAnimal FeedMilkSoybeansGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryOxidation-ReductionSoybean OilFish OilsStereoisomerismArachidonate 15-LipoxygenaseArachidonic AcidsBody WeightFatty Acids, MonounsaturatedPalmitic AcidsLiver12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic AcidMeatFatty Acids, NonesterifiedFatsButterRats, Inbred BUFChromatography, Thin LayerStearoyl-CoA DesaturaseBody CompositionPalmitic AcidPeroxidesEsterificationCholesterolRumenRandom AllocationPhosphatidylcholinesSwineTrans Fatty AcidsLactationHydroxyeicosatetraenoic AcidsCattleSeedsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidOilsLipoxygenase InhibitorsDioctyl Sulfosuccinic AcidVitamin EAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaLinseed OilInfant FoodOmasumCholesterol EstersPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsCocosAntioxidantsKineticsDose-Response Relationship, DrugCarbon RadioisotopesDeficiency DiseasesIsomerasesCarbon-Carbon Double Bond IsomerasesEnergy IntakeCells, CulturedLipoproteinsbeta-TocopherolOrgan SizeIntestinal AbsorptionStaphylococcus saprophyticusEmulsionsPicratesWeight GainErucic AcidsFree RadicalsOctanesFlame IonizationCalendula
PUFAArachidonicPUFAsAbstractCoronary heart dLinolenicDietImprove insulin sensitivityOmega-6 faMargarinesPalmitic acidProstaglandinsFatsPromotesAbundantCystic fibrosisHepatomaTrialsArachidonicAdipose TissueRelated conjugatedCLAsIntakeAmount of linoleic acidObesityEnriched with conjugated linoSafflower oilLipidsIsomers of linoleic acidEssential fatty acid linoleiTaking conjugated linoCompositionConjugated linoleic aciForm of linoleic acidHigh in linoleic acidClass of linoleic acidEffect of linoleic acidLevels of linoleic acidSupplementationEffects of conjugated2017NaturallyOleic acidVegetable oilsIntakesVaccenic acidAlpha-linolenicEicosapentaenoicTissueMetabolicOmega-6 fatPositional and geometric isomersDerivativesFoundLong-chain polyunsaturatedLinolenic acidMeatInsulinDouble bondsRatsTrans fattyCell membranesDocosahexaenoicDairy products
PUFA2
Arachidonic9
PUFAs1
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Linoleic acid (LA) is known to activate G-protein coupled receptors and connexin hemichannels (Cx HCs) but possible interlinks between these two responses remain unexplored. (unab.cl)
Coronary heart d2
  • Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of replacing dietary saturated fat with omega 6 linoleic acid, for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death. (bmj.com)
  • In this cohort, substituting dietary linoleic acid in place of saturated fats increased the rates of death from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
Linolenic1
Diet1
  • Linoleic acid, with a DRI of 12-17 g/d, is the most highly consumed polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet and is found in virtually all commonly consumed foods. (biomedcentral.com)
Improve insulin sensitivity1
Omega-6 fa1
  • CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) is an omega-6 fatty acid that was discovered in the early 80's and that continues to be researched by scientists due to its many health properties. (nutriglow.com)
Margarines1
Palmitic acid4
  • Moreover, in the presence of BAPTA-AM, expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated genes, CHOP, GRP78, and GRP94, was induced by linoleic acid, but not palmitic acid.The results suggest that linoleic acid promotes cell apoptosis through the release of cytochrome C, only if the intracellular calcium flux is unperturbed and intact.These results confirm that ER stress contributes to fatty acid-induced liver cell apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • H4IIE liver cells were treated with palmitic acid, linoleic acid, or both with or without the calcium-specific chelator BAPTA-AM after which the expression of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, caspase-3 levels, and calcium flux were measured. (nih.gov)
  • Apoptosis was not observed when cells were co-treated with linoleic acid (125 μM) and palmitic acid (250 μM). (nih.gov)
  • Importantly, the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into cytoplasm during cell apoptosis was specifically detected only when linoleic acid (125 μM), but not palmitic acid (250 μM), was added to the cells. (nih.gov)
Prostaglandins1
  • Linoleic acid produces the prostaglandins that are contained in every cell of your body and are essential for good health. (nutriglow.com)
Fats2
Promotes1
  • The results suggest that linoleic acid promotes cell apoptosis through the release of cytochrome C, only if the intracellular calcium flux is unperturbed and intact. (nih.gov)
Abundant1
Cystic fibrosis1
Hepatoma2
Trials1
Arachidonic46
Adipose Tissue13
Related conjugated2
CLAs12
Intake26
  • Also, conjugated linoleic acid might reduce feelings of hunger , but it's not clear if this leads to reduced food intake. (webmd.com)
  • Some early research has found that higher intake of conjugated linoleic acid from foods, particularly cheese, seems to be linked with a lower risk of developing breast cancer. (webmd.com)
  • However, other research has found that increased dietary intake of conjugated linoleic acid is not linked with a reduced risk of breast cancer. (webmd.com)
  • Also, some research has found that increased intake of conjugated linoleic acid might be linked with an increased risk of breast cancer. (webmd.com)
  • We report associations of linoleic acid intake of individuals with their blood pressure. (ahajournals.org)
  • With several models to control for possible confounders (dietary or other), linear regression analyses showed a nonsignificant inverse relationship of linoleic acid intake (percent kilocalories) to systolic and diastolic blood pressure for all of the participants. (ahajournals.org)
  • Dietary linoleic acid intake may contribute to prevention and control of adverse blood pressure levels in general populations. (ahajournals.org)
  • 1-6 Data from several epidemiological studies and intervention trials indicate that higher intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFAs) are related to higher BP. (ahajournals.org)
  • 7 In Western countries, the intake of linoleic acid has dramatically increased during the last several decades, mainly from vegetable products (particularly vegetable oils), substituted for animal fats high in SFA. (ahajournals.org)
  • Tissue measurements of linoleic acid may only partially reflect dietary linoleic acid intake. (ahajournals.org)
  • Here we posited that excessive dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), the precursor of AA, would induce endocannabinoid hyperactivity and promote obesity. (nih.gov)
  • Increasing LA from 1 en% to 8 en% elevated AA-phospholipids (PL) in liver and erythrocytes, tripled 2-AG + 1-AG and AEA associated with increased food intake, feed efficiency, and adiposity in mice. (nih.gov)
  • Dietary LA of 8 en% increases ( a ) food intake in high-fat diets, ( b ) feed efficiency in medium-fat diets, ( c ) reduces plasma adiponectin (µg/ml/g fat tissue), and increases ( d ) plasma leptin (ng/ml). (nih.gov)
  • Reducing their linoleic acid intake to 1 percent (in line with our ancestral diet), and replacing those calories with calories from other fats, made these same animals skinny again, like throwing a switch. (motherearthnews.com)
  • The conjugated linoleic acid weight loss therapy revealed that a person's calorie intake is lowered, burning out of calories drastically increased (that is the body now comfortably converts food into energy), the breakdown of fat is highly stimulated and there is inhibition of the production of fat which all amount to one possessing a lesser amount of fat! (simstat.com)
  • The intake of enriched cheese significantly increased the plasma concentrations of CLA, VA, the n -3 fatty acids ALA and EPA, and more remarkably decreased that of the endocannabinoid anandamide. (cambridge.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS Our study provides additional evidence that LA intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, especially when replacing saturated fatty acids, trans fats, or carbohydrates. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Given the modest correlations between n-6 PUFA biomarkers and intake ( 16 ), however, the extent to which these associations can be ascribed to the intake of specific fatty acids is debatable. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Conjugated linoleic acid intake and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of Swedish women. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • TY - JOUR T1 - Conjugated linoleic acid intake and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of Swedish women. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The aim of this investigation was to conduct the first prospective cohort study investigating if a high dietary intake of linoleic acid increases the risk of developing incident ulcerative colitis. (bmj.com)
  • Each case was matched with four controls and the risk of disease calculated by quartile of intake of linoleic acid adjusted for gender, age, smoking, total energy intake and centre. (bmj.com)
  • The highest quartile of intake of linoleic acid was associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23 to 5.07, p = 0.01) with a significant trend across quartiles (OR = 1.32 per quartile increase, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.66, p = 0.02 for trend). (bmj.com)
  • An estimated 30% of cases could be attributed to having dietary intakes higher than the lowest quartile of linoleic acid intake. (bmj.com)
  • Several such investigations have reported a positive association with an increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. (bmj.com)
  • 1 This caused a more than two-fold increase in the intake of linoleic acid, the main omega-6 polyunsaturated fat found in vegetable oils, which now makes up around 8% to 10% of total energy intake in the Western world. (bmj.com)
Amount of linoleic acid2
Obesity9
Enriched with conjugated lino1
  • Butter naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid has a beneficial effect on serum fatty acid composition in growing pigs. (greenmedinfo.com)
Safflower oil4
Lipids3
  • Fatty acids represent a substantial part of lipids in human body and are important sources of energy. (news-medical.net)
  • However, Vanden Heuvel cautions that while having a diet that is high in dairy and meat products, and thereby CLA, might have a health benefit, one must also be aware of other lipids present in these products, such as trans fatty acids. (rxpgnews.com)
  • It has been known for decades that linoleic acid, as a percentage of total fatty acids in lipids, is reduced in patients with CAD, and this has been used as an argument to suggest that low intakes of linoleic acid may cause heart disease. (bmj.com)
Isomers of linoleic acid4
Essential fatty acid linolei2
Taking conjugated lino9
  • Taking conjugated linoleic acid along with the blood pressure drug ramipril seems to reduce blood pressure more than ramipril alone in people with uncontrolled high blood pressure. (webmd.com)
  • Taking conjugated linoleic acid by mouth daily might help decrease body fat in adults. (webmd.com)
  • Also, taking conjugated linoleic acid does not seem to prevent weight gain in previously obese people who lost some weight. (webmd.com)
  • Taking conjugated linoleic acid does not prevent or reduce symptoms of the common cold. (webmd.com)
  • Taking conjugated linoleic acid does not improve pre-meal or post-meal blood sugar or insulin levels in people with type 2 diabetes. (webmd.com)
  • Taking conjugated linoleic acid for 12 weeks seems to improve well-being in people with birch allergies. (webmd.com)
  • Taking conjugated linoleic acid for 12 weeks seems to improve airway sensitivity and ability to exercise in people with asthma. (webmd.com)
  • Taking conjugated linoleic acid does not seem to improve endurance, power, or fatigue in men taking part in aerobic exercise . (webmd.com)
  • Some early research suggests that taking conjugated linoleic acid daily might cause small improvements in the ability to recall words in older men, but not women. (webmd.com)
Composition11
Conjugated linoleic aci1
  • Our research, connected with DOHaD, made an attempt to evaluate the impact of the diet modification of mothers through the addition of conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) on the lipid profile, fatty acid profile and the oxidative stress in the hearts of offspring with breast cancer. (mdpi.com)
Form of linoleic acid1
  • fragrance ingredient, hair conditioning agent, skin-conditioning agent - miscellaneous;surfactant - cleansing agentsurfactant-cleansing agent is included as a function for the soap form of linoleic acid. (ewg.org)
High in linoleic acid1
  • this means that an oil high in linoleic acid becomes rancid easily, and thus it may be stored for a shorter time. (tuscany-diet.net)
Class of linoleic acid2
Effect of linoleic acid2
Levels of linoleic acid1
  • Twenty-one entire male Boer kid goats were fed diets containing different levels of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) for 100 days. (mdpi.com)
Supplementation6
Effects of conjugated2
20172
  • Global Linoleic Acid market size will increase to xx Million US$ by 2025, from xx Million US$ in 2017, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. (decisiondatabases.com)
  • In this study, 2017 has been considered as the base year and 2018 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Linoleic Acid. (decisiondatabases.com)
Naturally9
Oleic acid9
Vegetable oils6
Intakes3
  • Indeed, most scientific and medical societies, namely those operating in the cardiovascular area, recommend intakes of long chain omega 3 fatty acids of ≥500 mg/day 1 . (frontiersin.org)
  • OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between intakes of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and type 2 diabetes risk in three prospective cohort studies of U.S. men and women. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Simultaneously, 3-d food duplicates (FD) were collected to determine analytically individual fatty acid intakes, including those of total CLA and RA. (nih.gov)
Vaccenic acid1
Alpha-linolenic9
Eicosapentaenoic2
Tissue1
  • To compound the complexity of this relationship, the family of n-6 PUFA are, in general, synonymously identified to dietary LA, while seemingly ignoring other members who can contribute to tissue AA, i.e., dietary gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3 n-6) and AA. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic4
  • Reducing AA-PL by adding 1 en% long-chain ω-3 fats to 8 en% LA diets resulted in metabolic patterns resembling 1 en% LA diets. (nih.gov)
  • There were 70-80 % sequence similarities between the GDH-synthesized RNAs and the mRNAs encoding arachins, fatty acid desaturases, glutamate synthase, and nitrate reductase, which similarities induced permutation of the metabolic pathways at the mRNA level. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) is the major dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the Western diet and is a metabolic precursor to AA, linked biochemically via two desaturases and an elongase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deficiency of linoleic acid in the diet results in increased metabolic activity, failure in growth and even death. (thefreedictionary.com)
Omega-6 fat2
Positional and geometric isomers1
Derivatives3
Found14
  • Although more than 60 fatty acids have been found in blood plasma and tissues, only a fraction of them is relevant from the biological perspective. (news-medical.net)
  • Both of them are polyunsaturated fatty acid, which means that they possess two or more double bonds and lack several hydrogen atoms that are found in saturated fatty acids. (news-medical.net)
  • By Penn State, Fatty acids commonly found in dairy products have successfully treated diabetes in mice, according to a researcher at Penn State. (rxpgnews.com)
  • The compounds are predominantly found in dairy products such as milk, cheese and meat, and are formed by bacteria in ruminants that take linoleic acids fatty acids from plants and convert them into conjugated linoleic acids, or CLA," says Jack Vanden Heuvel, professor of molecular toxicology in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences and co-director of Penn State's Center of Excellence in Nutrigenomics. (rxpgnews.com)
  • The latter is an omega 6 fatty acid which is easily found in our common diets. (simstat.com)
  • You chemists out there will understand that perfectly, but for those of you who are experts in some other field, suffice it to say that those conjugated double bonds give it properties very different from regular linoleic acid (the kind found in flax oil or borage oil). (ripie6.com)
  • Determine, under different quantities, how much of Folic acid nutrient can be found in Oil, sunflower, linoleic (less than 60 percent) . (traditionaloven.com)
  • A recent study found that higher levels of circulating Linoleic Acid (LA) were significantly associated with lower risks of total cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardiovascular mortality, and ischemic stroke. (heartuk.org.uk)
  • Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a group of 18 carbon, diunsaturated FA found in meat and milk derived from ruminants and are also sold as a nutraceutical for weight loss. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • Linoleic acid, with a DRI of 12-17 g/d, is the most highly consumed polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet and is found in virtually all commonly consumed foods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CLA or Conjugated Linoleic Acid is an unsaturated fatty acid that is commonly found in meat, full fat milk and cheese. (foresight-fitness.co.uk)
  • To a much lesser extent, diglycerides (or diacylglycerols ) , monoglycerides (monoa c ylglycerols ), and free fatty acids are also found. (tuscany-diet.net)
  • Conjugated linoleic acid is found in a plethora of weight loss supplements, either on its own or co-formulated with other ingredients, such as caffeine or guarana. (verywellfit.com)
  • This fatty acid is a natural substance found in meat and dairy products. (cnn.com)
Long-chain polyunsaturated2
Linolenic acid11
Meat3
  • The present work aimed to investigate the effect of adding flaxseed or sunflower oils to growing sheep diets on conjugated linoleic acid content in meat. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Conjugated linoleic acid is a fatty acid it is located in small amounts, mainly in pet products, including meat as well as dairy products. (otisgraham.com)
  • As a consequence, the beneficial effects of minor amounts of CLA may be relatively enhanced in lean meat compared to fatty meat sub-products which contain a substantial amount of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, as in cold cuts and cow viscera. (biomedcentral.com)
Insulin9
  • This increases the enzymes that process fatty acids and also increases the tissues' sensitivity to insulin. (rxpgnews.com)
  • Some experimental studies on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and insulin regulation suggested that CLA could be associated with risk of diabetes, but epidemiologic studies are lacking. (nih.gov)
  • Linoleic acid produces excessive whole body insulin sensitivity. (blogspot.com)
  • One of the core ideas which came out of the Protons thread was that palmitic acid is a generator of physiological insulin resistance. (blogspot.com)
  • The complementary fatty acid is palmitoleate and this generates less insulin resistance for when insulin action is desirable. (blogspot.com)
  • From the Protons point of view the question is: How can linoleic acid acid, which results in pathological insulin sensitivity whole body, eventually result in insulin resistance, also whole body? (blogspot.com)
  • Linoleic acid is allowing increased insulin action and so causing fat accumulation with a suppression of both FFA release and adipocyte lipid turnover. (blogspot.com)
  • Pathological insulin sensitivity: Is anyone thinking linoleic acid? (blogspot.com)
  • Both adipocytes and the rest of the body become progressively more insulin sensitive mediated through linoleic acid. (blogspot.com)
Double bonds5
Rats2
  • Dietary trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Early Glomerular Enlargement and Elevated Renal Cyclooxygenase-2 Levels in Young Obese fa/fa Zucker Rats - J Nutr. (qualitycounts.com)
  • Rats were fed semipurified diets containing 10% fat with a constant polyunsaturated/monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of 1:1:1. (go.jp)
Trans fatty1
Cell membranes1
Docosahexaenoic1
Dairy products1