Limit of detection. Medical search

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectability of the signal (i.e., stimulus) in any sensory modality. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques used in the diagnosis of disease.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of viruses, and VIRUS DISEASES.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one original template.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Methods to identify and characterize cancer in the early stages of disease and predict tumor behavior.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

The utilization of an electrical current to measure, analyze, or alter chemicals or chemical reactions in solution, cells, or tissues.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Methods for using more than one primer set in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify more than one segment of the target DNA sequence in a single reaction.

Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.

Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Antibodies that are chemically bound to a substrate material which renders their location fixed.

Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (From Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1993)

Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Identification of genetic carriers for a given trait.

The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

A heat stable DNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE from the bacteria Thermus aquaticus. It is widely used for the amplification of genes through the process of POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. EC 2.7.7.-.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The analysis of a chemical substance by inserting a sample into a carrier stream of reagent using a sample injection valve that propels the sample downstream where mixing occurs in a coiled tube, then passes into a flow-through detector and a recorder or other data handling device.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A highly miniaturized version of ELECTROPHORESIS performed in a microfluidic device.

Techniques used in microbiology.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)

The use of devices which use detector molecules to detect, investigate, or analyze other molecules, macromolecules, molecular aggregates, or organisms.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Standards for limiting worker exposure to airborne contaminants. They are the maximum concentration in air at which it is believed that a particular substance will not produce adverse health effects with repeated daily exposure. It can be a time-weighted average (TLV-TWA), a short-term value (TLV-STEL), or an instantaneous value (TLV-Ceiling). They are expressed either as parts per million (ppm) or milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3).

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Exfoliate neoplastic cells circulating in the blood and associated with metastasizing tumors.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Determination of the quantity of a material present in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the electrical conductivity of the mixture. (Webster, 3d ed)

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods.

Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A cell-separation technique where magnetizable microspheres or beads are first coated with monoclonal antibody, allowed to search and bind to target cells, and are then selectively removed when passed through a magnetic field. Among other applications, the technique is commonly used to remove tumor cells from the marrow (BONE MARROW PURGING) of patients who are to undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation.

The study of MAGNETIC PHENOMENA.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique utilizing a fluorochrome conjugated to an antibody, which is added directly to a tissue or cell suspension for the detection of a specific antigen. (Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.

Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The neck portion of the UTERUS between the lower isthmus and the VAGINA forming the cervical canal.

Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD.

Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

Aquatic invertebrates belonging to the phylum MOLLUSCA or the subphylum CRUSTACEA, and used as food.

An analytical method for detecting and measuring FLUORESCENCE in compounds or targets such as cells, proteins, or nucleotides, or targets previously labeled with FLUORESCENCE AGENTS.

A 60-kDa extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. Unlike AVIDIN, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity being analyzed. Common examples include histological structures introduced by tissue processing, radiographic images of structures that are not naturally present in living tissue, and products of chemical reactions that occur during analysis.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.

Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

The temperature at which a substance changes from one state or conformation of matter to another.

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Colorless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into colored compounds; used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, especially in the form of enzyme substrates. Synonym: chromogens (not to be confused with pigment-synthesizing bacteria also called chromogens).

The application of medical knowledge to questions of law.

A group of atoms or molecules attached to other molecules or cellular structures and used in studying the properties of these molecules and structures. Radioactive DNA or RNA sequences are used in MOLECULAR GENETICS to detect the presence of a complementary sequence by NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

High-sensitivity nanoLC-MS/MS analysis of urinary desmosine and isodesmosine. (1/914)

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Practical aspects of in vivo detection of neuropeptides by microdialysis coupled off-line to capillary LC with multistage MS. (2/914)

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Femtomolar concentration detection limit and zeptomole mass detection limit for protein separation by capillary isoelectric focusing and laser-induced fluorescence detection. (3/914)

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Development and validation of a sensitive assay for the quantification of imatinib using LC/LC-MS/MS in human whole blood and cell culture. (4/914)

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Continuous operation of microfabricated electrophoresis devices for 24 hours and application to chemical monitoring of living cells. (5/914)

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Simultaneous analysis of liposomal doxorubicin and doxorubicin using capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence. (6/914)

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Capturing single molecules of immunoglobulin and ricin with an aptamer-encoded glass nanopore. (7/914)

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Midregional pro-adrenomedullin in addition to b-type natriuretic peptides in the risk stratification of patients with acute dyspnea: an observational study. (8/914)

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In analytical chemistry, the detection limit, lower limit of detection, or LOD (limit of detection), often mistakenly confused ... These include the instrument detection limit (IDL), the method detection limit (MDL), the practical quantitation limit (PQL), ... This "global" detection limit (including all the steps of the analysis method) is called the method detection limit (MDL). The ... Since detection limits are defined in terms of errors, this will naturally increase the measured detection limit. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection_limit

... allows for reaching limits of detection (LODs) 12 to 200 fold lower than those attained by the best methods employed in the ... limit of detection; n = number of samples; ng/L and ng/kg = nanograms (10−9 g) per litre, and nanograms per kilogram, ... The first claimed detection of mammalian endogenous DMT was published in June 1965: German researchers F. Franzen and H. Gross ... Siegel M (October 1965). "A sensitive method for the detection of n,n-dimethylserotonin (bufotenin) in urine; failure to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N,N-Dimethyltryptamine

Limited. ISBN 9788177563900. Retrieved 28 February 2020. (Use dmy dates from February 2020, Use Indian English from February ... 1 (23 March 2018). Clues: A Journal of Detection. ISBN 9781476633831. Retrieved 30 April 2018. Roy, Dinendra Kumar (2004). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinendra_Kumar_Roy

Fortunato, S. (2007). "Resolution limit in community detection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (1): 36- ... Furthermore, it has been shown that global methods can suffer from a resolution limit problem, where the size of the smallest ... One may then apply any community detection method to this clique graph to identify the clusters in the original graph through ... Gregori, Enrico; Lenzini, Luciano; Mainardi, Simone (2013). "Parallel k-Clique Community Detection on Large-Scale Networks" ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique_percolation_method

J.M. Kumpula; J. Saramäki; K. Kaski & J. Kertész (2007). "Limited resolution in complex network community detection with Potts ... Santo Fortunato & Marc Barthelemy (2007). "Resolution limit in community detection". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Andrea Lancichinetti & Santo Fortunato (2011). "Limits of modularity maximization in community detection". Physical Review E. ... There are two main approaches which try to solve the resolution limit within the modularity context: the addition of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity_(networks)

News Limited. "Deception Detection Deficiency". Media Watch. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 September 2009. Retrieved ... News Limited. "WA produces two Hungry Beasts in new Andrew Denton show". PerthNow. 17 September 2009. Adam Coleman (17 ... The release discussed a report called "Deception Detection Across Australian Populations", which looked at the comparative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungry_Beast

The detection limit is 10 ppm. This is well above mass spectrometry.[citation needed] This technique tends to be hindered by ... This method can be utilized in characterization of bulk materials with a detection limit in the low parts per billion (10−9 or ... Increasing the distance between the source and the detector can lead to improved resolution, but decreased particle detection. ... Nuclear forensics relies on making these determinations through measurable parameters including, but not limited to chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_forensics

Detection and pre-detonation of explosive devices; Jammers with direction finding abilities. Commercial Sector: Electronic ... Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) ( ईलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स कॉर्पोरेशन ऑफ ईन्डिया लिमिटेड ( ) ) is a Public Sector ... Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR). ECIL also actively ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics_Corporation_of_India_Limited

"JGTDSL introduces mobile gas leak detection system". The Business Standard. 29 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022. "BSEC urges ... the other two are Karnaphuli Gas Distribution Company Limited and Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited. ... Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System Limited selected ZICOM Equipment Pte. Ltd to supply them with gas meters in ... Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System Limited asked Shahjalal Fertiliser Factory to stop using it's gas due to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalalabad_Gas_Transmission_and_Distribution_System_Limited

Detection limit Streetlight effect Malmquist, Gunnar (1922). "On some relations in stellar statistics". Arkiv för Matematik, ... By starting with the detected, biased distribution of objects and the appropriate limits to detection, this method recreates ... Depending on the limiting magnitude selected, there may be a range of distances in the data set over which all objects of any ... Anytime a magnitude-limited sample is used, one of the methods described above should be used to correct for the Malmquist bias ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmquist_bias

I. Limits and Detections". The Astrophysical Journal. 508 (1): 25-43. arXiv:astro-ph/9806167. Bibcode:1998ApJ...508...25H. doi: ... Experimental detection of the positron verifying the prediction from the Dirac equation, for which Anderson won the Nobel ... Subsequent analyses have yielded detections of the CIB in the near-infrared DIRBE sky maps. The CIB represents a "core sample" ... K.-C. Wang (1942). "A Suggestion on the Detection of the Neutrino". Physical Review. 61 (1-2): 97. Bibcode:1942PhRv...61...97W ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_physics

While being limited by the resolution of these methods, it allows a large degree of control over the resulting structures. In ... AFM tips and other detection at the nanoscale rely heavily on NEMS. Two complementary approaches to fabrication of NEMS can be ... This allows fabrication of much smaller structures, albeit often at the cost of limited control of the fabrication process. ... A major disadvantage of MEMS switches over NEMS switches are limited microsecond range switching speeds of MEMS, which impedes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoelectromechanical_systems

The detection limit is 0.02 to 2 μM. Such methods have been highly adapted to biological samples. The acute toxicity of nitrate ... Almost all methods for detection of nitrate rely on its conversion to nitrite followed by nitrite-specific tests. The reduction ... Moorcroft, M.; Davis, J.; Compton, R. G. (2001). "Detection and determination of nitrate and nitrite: A review". Talanta. 54 (5 ... and the resulting nitrite-containing effluent is then combined with a reagent for colorimetric or electrochemical detection. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate

Gaiduk, Alexander; Ruijgrok, Paul V.; Yorulmaz, Mustafa; Orrit, Michel (2010). "Detection limits in photothermal microscopy". ... In this detection scheme a conventional scanning sample or laser-scanning transmission microscope is employed. Both, the ... Photothermal optical microscopy / "photothermal single particle microscopy" is a technique that is based on detection of non- ... The high sensitivity and selectivity of photothermal microscopy allows even the detection of single molecules by their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photothermal_optical_microscopy

The Nmap security scanner includes a Heartbleed detection script from version 6.45. Sourcefire has released Snort rules to ... Guardian News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016. "Security Now 451". ... Guardian News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016. "Tripwire SecureScan ... Mann, Jeffrey (9 April 2014). "Tenable Facilitates Detection of OpenSSL Vulnerability Using Nessus and Nessus Perimeter Service ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartbleed

Once the door is partly opened, as one leans out one's over-the-shoulder view is now clear, no longer limited by side pillar or ... At least one auto-parts supplier has developed an automatic detection system to prevent or warn the user before opening the car ... Australia: Immediate Media Company Limited. Retrieved 12 January 2020. There are two products planned, based around a similar ... "Bosch launches AEB with cyclist detection…". 29 August 2017. Thomas Schönert (14 June 2021). "Der holländische Griff - eine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dooring

"Top Selling Singles of 2010". Recorded Music New Zealand Limited. Retrieved 24 September 2022. "Airplay Detection Tophit 200 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Like_It_(Enrique_Iglesias_song)

"Top Selling Singles of 2010". Recorded Music New Zealand Limited. Retrieved September 24, 2022. "Airplay Detection Tophit 200 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only_Girl_(In_the_World)

"EK9 GT200 Remote Substance Detection". Electronic K9 Singapore Private Limited. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. ... "RE: Faulty bomb detection device undermines effectiveness of security operations in Southern Thailand". Working Group on ... The company (registered number 03300333) was established as a private limited company on 9 January 1997 with Gary Bolton as ... List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Sniffex Banks, Gordon (2005), Test Report: The Detection Capability of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GT200

Technology in crime detection, prevention, and investigation, including forensics. Weapons and weapons training that a ... IPS Limited Competitive Examination was held for the first time in 2012. This is in addition to the Civil Services Examination ... the Ministry of Home Affairs proposed the formation of Indian Police Service Limited Competitive Examination to be conducted by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police_Service_Limited_Competitive_Examination

OCLC 74562.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Krasnopolsky, V. A. (2001). "Detection of Molecular ... Diffusion-limited escape occurs when the rate of atmospheric escape to space is limited by the upward diffusion of escaping ... loses hydrogen at the diffusion-limited rate. For Mars, the constant governing diffusion-limited escape of hydrogen is C m a r ... The escape of any atmospheric gas can be diffusion-limited, but only diffusion-limited escape of hydrogen has been observed in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion-limited_escape

Noise can severely limit an intrusion detection system's effectiveness. Bad packets generated from software bugs, corrupt DNS ... IDS can be classified by where detection takes place (network or host) or the detection method that is employed (signature or ... It is also possible to classify IDS by detection approach. The most well-known variants are signature-based detection ( ... SRI followed IDES in 1993 with the Next-generation Intrusion Detection Expert System (NIDES). The Multics intrusion detection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system

All measured values have been below the detection limit. The liquid is also tested for tritium. The weighted mean concentration ... Storage limits per drum were 200 grams (7.1 oz) U-235, 15 grams (0.53 oz) U-233 and 15 grams (0.53 oz) Pu-239. These limits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asse_II_mine

"Rate Limiting Detection: Bandwidth and Latency". Appneta. Retrieved 2020-07-23. "TCP Rate Control" (PDF). Handley, Mark; Padhye ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) "Sniffers Basics and Detection" (PDF). "Deploying IP and MPLS QoS for ... rate limiting): Token bucket Leaky bucket TCP rate control - artificially adjusting TCP window size as well as controlling the ... Bandwidth Management The True Price of Bandwidth Monitoring Sniffers Basics and Detection (All articles with dead external ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth_management

Blyth, A. W. (1895). Poisons, Their Effects and Detection (4 ed.). London: Charles Griffin and Company, Limited. pp. 483-484. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samandarin

TDC Systems Limited (2 July 1971). "Erskine Bridge Overload Detection System". Tdcsystems.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2013. ... The bridge operates an overload weight detection system which logs vehicles axle weights. The weigh in motion system uses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erskine_Bridge

Thomas can take up to three hits in a row; taking damage makes Thomas louder and more prone to detection. To heal Thomas, the ... As the game's difficulty increases, it only allows the player to save the game for a limited amount of time, makes ammunition ... player needs to find tonics; only a limited number are available. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maid_of_Sker_(video_game)

"Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation". Clin Biochem Rev. 29 Suppl 1: S49-52. PMC 2556583. PMID 18852857 ... The limit of blank is defined by the Clinical And Laboratory Standards Institute as the highest apparent analyte concentration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blank_value

The radial velocity precision is up to one meter per second (1.0 m/s). The instrument detection limit at 1 AU is 0.2 MJ. KCWI ... Its spectral capabilities have resulted in many breakthrough discoveries, such as the detection of planets outside our solar ... thus allowing the detection of objects 10 times fainter than previously available. Originally installed on Keck II, in January ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._M._Keck_Observatory

Holland, M. J; Burnett, K (1993). "Interferometric detection of optical phase shifts at the Heisenberg limit". Physical Review ... It was proved that in the thermodynamic limit, the spectrum of the reduced density matrix of a large block of spins is an exact ... They are the sum of multiple of NOON states, and can be used to achieve the Heisenberg limit. For the appropriately chosen ... Specifically, Bell demonstrated an upper limit, seen in Bell's inequality, regarding the strength of correlations that can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

London: Charles Griffin & Company Limited. pp. 108-109. [1][dead link] "Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of ... science of applying copula and rank methods to problems of correspondence and cluster analysis together with outlier detection ... because every real variable is limited (for example people cannot be -170 cm or +2 km tall), and the normal distribution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elżbieta_Pleszczyńska

SideFX also publishes Houdini Apprentice, a limited version of the software that is free of charge for non-commercial use. ... including built-in phoneme and pitch detection), mouse cursor position, and so on. Of particular note is Houdini's ability to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houdini_(software)

The disadvantage of using T7 is that the size of the protein that can be expressed on the surface is limited to shorter ... Negi SS, Braun W (2009). "Automated Detection of Conformational Epitopes Using Phage Display Peptide Sequences". Bioinform Biol ... Malik P, Terry TD, Bellintani F, Perham RN (October 1998). "Factors limiting display of foreign peptides on the major coat ... However, phage display of cDNA is always limited by the inability of most prokaryotes in producing post-translational ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

In the limit of small particles or long wavelengths, the electric dipole contribution dominates in the scattering cross-section ... Mie theory has been used in the detection of oil concentration in polluted water. Mie scattering is the primary method of ... Mie scattering theory has no upper size limitation, and converges to the limit of geometric optics for large particles. A ... In the small-particle (or long-wavelength) limit, conditions can occur for zero forward scatter, for complete polarization of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie_scattering

Hodge Test and the Re-Modified Hodge Test were developed for phenotypical detection on a routine basis in resource limited ... Other tests for phenotypic detection are: Double disk synergy testing (DDST) Vitek detection (Automated system) E-test (E-Strip ... Detection of NDM-1 gene depends upon the phenotypic determination of the enzyme activity. These enzymes are zinc dependent and ... Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (25 June 2010). "Detection of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Carrying Metallo-Beta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi_metallo-beta-lactamase_1

Agorastos T, Miliaras D, Lambropoulos AF, Chrisafi S, Kotsis A, Manthos A, Bontis J (July 2005). "Detection and typing of human ... There are several factors that may limit indigenous women from engaging in regular cervical screening practices, including ... "Cervical Cancer Prevention and Early Detection". Cancer. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Gadducci A, Barsotti C, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

Usually scans for this type of detection are done around 18 to 23 weeks of gestational age (called the "anatomy scan", "anomaly ... This "technocratic takeover" of pregnancy is not limited to western or developed nations but also affects conceptualisations ... and was attributed to the increased detection of anomalies in the ultrasound group. The 1985 maximum power allowed by the U.S. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_ultrasonography

Random Early Detection) Queue Management Sally Floyd, Van Jacobson. Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance ( ... Network resources are limited, including router processing time and link throughput. Resource contention may occur on networks ... One solution is to use random early detection (RED) on the network equipment's egress queue. On networking hardware ports with ... Invented Random Early Detection (RED) gateways. An Analytical RED Function Design Guaranteeing Stable System Behavior, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_congestion

The first muogram was produced in 1970 by a team led by American physicist Luis Walter Alvarez, who installed detection ... their wide applications are often limited by the naturally low muon flux at sea level, approximately 10,000 m−2min−1. To ... Exposure times depend on the object and detector configuration (~few minutes if optimized). While SNM detection can be reliably ... The Multi-Mode Passive Detection System (MMPDS) port scanner, located in the Freeport, Bahamas can detect both shielded nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_tomography

The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not ... Shieh Y, Monroe SS, Fankhauser RL, Langlois GW, Burkhardt W, Baric RS (2000). "Detection of norwalk-like virus in shellfish ... The disease is usually self-limiting.[citation needed] Severe illness is rare; although people are frequently treated at the ... "Evaluation of two commercial enzyme immunoassays for the detection of norovirus in faecal samples from hospitalised children ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

Individual meetings focus on drone detection. This is seen as the most promising approach to support a safe and efficient ... Due to time limitations only a limited number of industry representatives will be invited to each meeting. Representatives from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cooperation_on_Airport_Surveillance

Bird, George R.; Jones, R. Clark; Ames, Allan E. (1969). "The Efficiency of Radiation Detection by Photographic Films: State-of ... Jones, R. Clark (1960). "Proposal of the Detectivity D** for Detectors Limited by Radiation Noise". Journal of the Optical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clark_Jones

KZA shows very high sensitivity for break detection, even with a very low signal-to-noise ratio; the accuracy of the detection ... Transfer function of KZFT is provided in Figure 2 has a very sharp frequency resolution with bandwidth limited by c/(m√k). For ... As an example of break point detection, we simulate a long-term trend containing a break buried in seasonality and noise. ... kza: Kolmogorov-Zurbenko adaptive algorithm for the image detection. R package, 2016 (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov–Zurbenko_filter

The life of the soda lime scrubber is likely to be less than this and so will be the limiting factor of the dive.[citation ... operations and to assist with the detection of crime which may involve bodies of water. In some cases search and rescue diving ... The high percentage of oxygen used by these early rebreather systems limited the depth at which they could be used due to the ... Oxygen rebreathers are severely depth limited due to oxygen toxicity risk, which increases with depth, and the available ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_set

From 1962, ten were built by Blackburn Aircraft Limited, and seventy-four by Hawker Siddeley Aviation Limited. Buccaneer S.2A ... just outside the anticipated enemy radar detection range, to 100 feet (30 m) for a 500-knot (930 km/h; 580 mph) dash to and ... Opportunities for Buccaneer squadrons to engage in realistic training were limited, and so when the US began its Red Flag ... Considerable effort went into ensuring that metal fatigue would not be a limiting factor of the Buccaneer's operational life, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackburn_Buccaneer

suggest telescopes with a diameter between 15 and 20 cm (5.9 and 7.9 in) are the ideal tools for their detection if equipped ... Peek, Bertrand M. (1981). Faber and Faber Limited (ed.). The Planet Jupiter: The Observer's Handbook. London. ISBN 0-571-18026- ... Hueso, R. (2010). "First Earth-based Detection of a Superbolide on Jupiter" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 721 (2): ... The identification, however, may be incorrect, highlighting limited knowledge of the internal composition of cometary nuclei. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_events_on_Jupiter

So, there is a considerable time delay for the disease to be diagnosed, though it's capable of detection since birth or even ... This reduction in total lung volume sets limits on patients' exercise tolerance, and contribute to shortness of breath after ... With age increasing, the herniation progresses and ease its detection. Pulmonary angiography assists in detecting the presence ... Frequently seen clinical features includes dyspnea, respiratory distress, recurrent pulmonary infections, and limited exercise ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_agenesis

Methods for detection using TLC are not very sensitive having a limit of detection in the range 20-50 microgrammes/kg. TLC ... Natural occurrence appears to be infrequent although only a limited number of surveys have been carried out. Soon after it was ... More recently, methods using HPLC linked with atmospheric pressure ionisation mass spectrometric detection have been developed ... green coffee beans and cheese although information on its occurrence in foods is limited. It appears to occur much less ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterigmatocystin

The redundancy allows the receiver to detect a limited number of errors that may occur anywhere in the message, and often to ... Both say: "The Hamming algorithm is an industry-accepted method for error detection and correction in many SLC NAND flash-based ... The redundancy allows the receiver to detect a limited number of errors that may occur anywhere in the message, and often to ... ECC contrasts with error detection in that errors that are encountered can be corrected, not simply detected. The advantage is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_code

The banking and finance industry uses AI in fraud detection. The retail industry uses AI for customer services. AI is also used ... U.S. tax law covers four basic forms of business ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and limited ... The primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud and errors rests with the entity's management. Accounting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting

It previously had limited its airstrikes to Islamic State targets in Iraq. During a qualifying race at the National ... Halsey, Ashley III, "Worried that drones might strike airplanes, FAA seeks airport detection system," washingtonpost.com, 17 ... Previously France had limited its airstrikes to Iraqi territory. Airstrikes by the Saudi-led coalition hit arms facilities in ... Mooney, Chris, "EPA moves toward limits on emissions from U.S. airlines," washingtonpost.com, 10 June 2015, 3:11 p.m. EDT. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_aviation

Subsystem failure rate budgets are assigned so that hazard probability limits can be met. The CCA consists of three separate ... means of detection, aircrew response, and related information. Each hazard is assigned a unique identifier that is tracked ... Normally FMES probabilities are used in quantitative FTA to demonstrate that the hazard probability limits are in fact met. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARP4761

Physical controls are anything that physically limits or prevents access to IT systems. Fences, guards, dogs, and CCTV systems ... authentication Vulnerability scanners Timed access control Internet Security Awareness Training Sandboxing Intrusion detection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_in_depth_(computing)

"The history of Limited Access Zones in Rome". PRoGR€SS Project. Archived from the original on 2008-03-09. Retrieved 2013-04-13 ... Thanks to technological advances in electronic toll collection, electronic detection, and video surveillance technology, ... Limiting Automobile Travel At Certain Times and Places". Victoria Transport Policy Institute, TDM Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008- ... Since then, its application on other urban roads around the world is currently limited to a few cities, including London, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing

Staff have been elected to the rank of fellow in national societies including, but not limited to, the American Association for ... radiation detection, and ultra-trace analysis. The privately funded Computational Sciences Facility and Biological Sciences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_National_Laboratory

"Counterfeit Protection & Detection Strategies: When to Do It / How to Do It" (PDF). DfR Solutions. O'Toole, Kevin; Esser, Bob; ... Since the vast majority of acoustic microscopes in use today are C-SAM type instruments, this discussion will be limited to ... In 1970, the Korpel and Kessler group began to pursue a scanning laser detection system for acoustic microscopy. In 1974, the ... Vogt, M., and Ermert, H., "Limited-angle spatial compounding imaging of skin with high-frequency ultrasound", IEEE Trans. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_microscopy

This included the detection of interstellar dust in a high redshift quasar. At the time of the discovery it was the most ... Spectral Surveys in Breaking the Confusion Limit". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 62 (3): 697-708. arXiv: ... distant detection of dust in the observable universe. She started working with the European Space Agency in 2004 whilst working ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Isaak

The reverse, detection of timed signals from known shore positions at an unknown point, allowed calculation of the position at ... Earthquake monitoring through the use of SOSUS after limited civilian access was granted to the Pacific Marine Environmental ... The SOSUS detection could sense earthquakes at about magnitude two rather than magnitude four. The system detected seafloor ... The novel The Hunt for Red October describes the use of the SOFAR channel in submarine detection. Figure 1 of the reference " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOFAR_channel

In this two-issue limited series, Super-Skrull has been killed by Rogue and his powers have been stolen. His abilities, ... They are immune to detection by Wolverine's senses, Doctor Strange's magic, Spider-Man's spider-sense, Professor X's telepathy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Skrull

Analysis: Tunnel-detection techniques limiting Hamass attack options. Hamas will have to reluctantly go back to the drawing ... they have developed a twopronged approach to tunnel detection. ...

https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/analysis-tunnel-detection-techniques-limiting-hamass-attack-options-451661

Limited Specificity of Serologic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection, Benin Anges Yadouleton1, Anna-Lena Sander1, Andres ... Limited Specificity of Serologic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection, Benin. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/1/20-3281-f2

... to enhance the capacities of national influenza centres in the Eastern Mediterranean Region for timely and effective detection ... Epidemic and pandemic-prone diseases , News , WHO conducts virus detection workshop to limit epidemic and pandemic influenza ... It focused on detection and identification of seasonal influenza virus sub-types, using cell culture and hemaglutination - ... "By establishing virus identification and handling mechanisms, and through timely detection of unknown viruses, national ...

https://www.emro.who.int/pandemic-epidemic-diseases/news/who-conducts-virus-detection-workshop-to-limit-epidemic-and-pandemic-influenza.html

... long term exposure limit, short term exposure limit, TWA on February 17, 2016 ... Blogs listed by tag: long term exposure limit. The risky side of default alarm settings Logically, people assume the lower the ... gas detection alarm level, the safer the working environment, as the body will be exposed to less poisonous gas. However, this ...

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A high level detection switch is used for safety shutdown in case of overfilling. The pigment powder is then filled into sacks ...

https://www.vega.com/en-ca/industries/chemical/filling-silo-for-colour-pigment

Vouros P Some Considerations on Quantitative Methodology and Detection Limits in Organic Mass-Spectrometry Biomed. Mass ... Detection limits of 50 femtograms for LSD are realized for samples introduced via the direct inlet probe. ... "Some Considerations on Quantitative Methodology and Detection Limits in Organic Mass-Spectrometry". ... "Some Considerations on Quantitative Methodology and Detection Limits in Organic Mass-Spectrometry" Biomed. Mass Spectrometry. ...

https://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=3576

Long-read and hybrid metagenomic assembly: tradeoffs and detections limits. Add to your list(s) Download to your calendar using ...

http://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/66080

But clearly theres still an upper limit to our attention. So maybe the answer lies, as the folks in the ambient-technology ...

http://www.collisiondetection.net/mt/archives/2006/09/study_pinpoints.php

... sometimes detection limits achieved through inorganic nanoparticle-tagged immunoassays followed by ICP-MS detection are still ... ICP-MS offers detection limits in the attomolar range, regardless of the molecular environment of the target element, with a ... Nanoparticle-Assisted Analytical Strategies: Pushing the Limits of ICP-MS for Ultrasensitive Detection of Clinical Biomarkers. ... Much bigger nanoparticles are thus obtained and hence much better sensitivity with ICP-MS detection can be achieved (detection ...

https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/nanoparticle-assisted-analytical-strategies-pushing-limits-icp-ms-ultrasensitive-detection-clinical

... a lyophilisable 4x RT-qPCR reagent mix designed for ultra-sensitive high-throughput detection of RNA sequences. ... As a result, simplified creation of freeze-dried multiplex assays with lower limits of detection will be possible, and the ... New ultra-sensitive lyo-ready PCR reagents unlock lower detection limits in lyophilised multiplex diagnostic assays. ... and capable of retaining exceptionally low limits of detection. On top of this, customers also benefit from the PCR Biosystems ...

https://www.labbulletin.com/articles/new-ultrasensitive-lyoready-pcr-reagents-unlock-lower

Title : Limited Specificity of Serologic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection, Benin Personal Author(s) : Yadouleton, Anges; ... Limited Specificity of Serologic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection, Benin. ... Limited Specificity of Serologic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection, Benin ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/99992

Detection Limits. For laboratory tests with a lower or a higher detection limit, results below the lower detection limit or ... higher than the higher detection limit were replaced with a value equal to the detection limit, divided by the square root of ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/continuousnhanes/overviewlab.aspx?BeginYear=2019

Automated Terraform cloud and enterprise drift detection - GitHub - slok/tfe-drift: Automated Terraform cloud and enterprise ... Automate the execution of drift detection plans.. *Limit executed drift detection plans (used to avoid long plan queues with ... How is a drift detection executed? How does it work? Why? Hashicorp recently announced Drift detection Why limit the plans? How ... To avoid filling a huge queue with drift detections and block Terraform cloud usage... you can use the limit pattern:. Limit ...

https://github.com/slok/tfe-drift?utm_id=FAUN_DevOpsLinks347_Link_title

... we outline why detection limits are so important in metals quality control, and how the OE750 can help measure very low levels ... Our view is that detection limits of below 10ppm or ,1 ppm (depending on the application and element) across the board are ... The new Hitachi OE750 spark spectrometer can measure the entire spectrum of elements in metals to low detection limits. For us ... its necessary to analyse the full composition at very low detection limits ...

https://hha.hitachi-hightech.com/en/blogs-events/blogs/2020/01/08/why-detection-limits-matter-in-metals-quality-control-oe750-spark-spectrometer/

Macchia, E, Sarcina, L, Picca, R, Manoli, K, Franco C., D, Scamarcio, G & Torsi, L 2020, Ultra-low HIV-1 p24 detection limits ... Ultra-low HIV-1 p24 detection limits with a bioelectronic sensor. Eleonora Macchia, L. Sarcina, R. Picca, K. Manoli, Di Franco ... Ultra-low HIV-1 p24 detection limits with a bioelectronic sensor. / Macchia, Eleonora; Sarcina, L.; Picca, R. et al. ... Ultra-low HIV-1 p24 detection limits with a bioelectronic sensor. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2020;412:811-818. doi ...

https://research.abo.fi/fi/publications/ultra-low-hiv-1-p24-detection-limits-with-a-bioelectronic-sensor

DSS charged with detection, prevention of crimes against Nigerias internal security. September 6, 2021 Chizoba a Ogbeche News ... The Department of State Service (DSS) has restated that the service was primarily charged with the detection and prevention, ... "The Service is primarily charged with the detection and prevention, within Nigeria, of any crime against the internal security ...

https://www.blueprint.ng/dss-charged-with-detection-prevention-of-crimes-against-nigerias-internal-security/

In order to validate the developed method, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated using ... 3.1.4. Detection and Quantitation Limits. The value of LOD was found to be 0.001432 µg/mL and LOQ was 0.004339 µg/mL. ... The proposed method met these requirements within the accepted limits [5].. 3.1.6. Analysis of Vanillyl Butyl Ether in Marketed ... A reversed phase HPLC assay method with UV spectrophotometric detection on a C-18 analytical column was successfully developed ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/4/1/9

Panel-mounted Gas Detection System ATE designs and supplies panel-mounted gas detection systems in accordance with the most ... The panel-mounted gas detection system is able to initiate 16 detection channels simultaneously, and equipped with reliable ... Gas Detection System (Permanent Installations). ATC is specialized in design, engineering and manufacture of tailor-scaled gas ... ATE supplies a complete range of single/multiple gas detectors for detection and monitoring of O2, H2S, CO, CL2, in various ...

https://antaiengineering.com/gas-detection-systems/

Part of the reason is their reliance on DNA mutation detection.. The major obstacles to improved sensitivity include a "limited ... Study Finds Costs of Genome Sequencing May Limit Utility in Routine Care Researchers report in the European Journal of Human ... Methylation-Based Cancer Early Detection Method Shows Promise in Preliminary Studies Nov 14, 2018 , staff reporter ... The group is not the only academic team to investigate methylation or other epigenetic changes for early cancer detection. ...

https://www.genomeweb.com/liquid-biopsy/methylation-based-cancer-early-detection-method-shows-promise-preliminary-studies

LOD, limit of detection; IQR, interquartile range; MeP, methyl paraben; EtP, ethyl paraben; PrP, propyl paraben; BuP, butyl ... The mediation analysis is limited in that levels of sex hormones were not measured. The inclusion of women with irregular ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/990878

Detection limit. The lowest concentration of a chemical that can reliably be distinguished from a zero concentration. ... Health consultations are therefore more limited than a public health assessment, which reviews the exposure potential of each ... Computer and approximation methods are used when past information is limited, not available, or missing. ... The public comment period is a limited time period during which comments will be accepted. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/glossary.html

The IDS-20 system is setting the standard for the next generation of ice detection systems. The IDS-20 is the ... Ice Detection Sensor to measure icing and freezing rain for various fields of application. ... IDS - ICE DETECTION SYSTEM-20. Ice Detection Sensor to measure icing and freezing rain for various fields of application. The ... Ice detection 0.01 mm to 80 mm ice thickness Ice detection 0.01 mm to 80 mm ice thickness ...

http://www.dianjianghk.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=1457

Results: Limit of RNA detection for both SARS-CoV-2 assays is below 10 genomes per reaction. The protocol enables testing ... Resource-efficient internally controlled in-house real-time PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virol J. 2021 Jun 2;18(1):110. doi: ... Aim: Here we present a resource-efficient in-house protocol for the PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patient specimens (RKI/ ... Background: The reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 has become one of the most important contributions to COVID-19 crisis ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34078394/?dopt=Abstract

Memory limit. You might want to increase the maximum memory available during test run in the cts-tradfed script. Refer to ... Device detection. Follow the step to set up your system to detect your device. ...

https://source.android.com/docs/compatibility/cts/setup?hl=bg

If data is qualitative, the use of lower limits of detection (LLODs) is not applicable. ... the Cutoff Value indicates the absence of the specific HPV DNA sequences tested or HPV DNA levels below the detection limit of ... the Cutoff Value indicates the absence of the specific HPV DNA sequences tested or HPV DNA levels below the detection limit of ... After amplification the samples are typed by hybridization to the typing strips followed by colorimetric detection. The strip ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/limited_access/HPVS_F_R.htm

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Limit of Detection (LOD). Three tenths of LOQ. Limit of Quantification (LOQ) ... FBOs shall take into account that there is limited or no effect on the levels of acrylamide of the use of asparaginase in ... They may be used only if needed, to consistently stay within specification limits. FBOs shall control the colour of the final ... and uses approved analytical methods for detection and quantification. Laboratories shall be able to demonstrate that they have ...

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/2158/oj

As a result, simplified creation of freeze-dried multiplex assays with lower limits of detection will be possible, and the logistical and storage infrastructure required to deliver tests to the point of use will be streamlined. (labbulletin.com)
For lyophilised multiplex assays, that means creating a reagent mix that's ready for freeze-drying right out of the packet, and capable of retaining exceptionally low limits of detection. (labbulletin.com)
Limit of RNA detection for both SARS-CoV-2 assays is below 10 genomes per reaction. (nih.gov)
Dolen, WK 1994, ' Detection limits and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the evaluation of specific IGE assays ', Allergy Proceedings , vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 319-322. (elsevier.com)
This special controls guidance document was developed to support the classification of Plasmodium species antigen detection assays into class II (special controls). (fda.gov)
It is issued in conjunction with a Federal Register notice announcing the classification of Plasmodium species antigen detection assays 1 . (fda.gov)
FDA believes that special controls, when combined with the general controls, will be sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of Plasmodium species antigen detection assays. (fda.gov)
Based on the reading: Reporting the limits of detection and quantification for environmental DNA assays Klymus et al. (brandicronkamermans.com)

antibody detection limit dilution 1:16000. (prosci-inc.com)
Besides RT-PCR, there be of value in guiding the decision about who is likely are other tests with variable accuracy and complexity to have a positive RT-PCR, especially in settings where including antigen and antibody detection tests. (who.int)

Retrieves usage information for anomaly detection jobs. (elastic.co)
Optional, string) Identifier for the anomaly detection job. (elastic.co)
You can get statistics for multiple anomaly detection jobs in a single API request by using a group name, a comma-separated list of jobs, or a wildcard expression. (elastic.co)
string) For open anomaly detection jobs only, contains messages relating to the selection of a node to run the job. (elastic.co)
long) The number of bytes of input data posted to the anomaly detection job. (elastic.co)
long) The total number of fields in input documents posted to the anomaly detection job. (elastic.co)
long) The number of input documents that are missing a field that the anomaly detection job is configured to analyze. (elastic.co)
long) The number of input documents that have a timestamp chronologically preceding the start of the current anomaly detection bucket offset by the latency window. (elastic.co)
This information is applicable only when you provide data to the anomaly detection job by using the post data API . (elastic.co)
The total number of fields in all the documents that have been processed by the anomaly detection job. (elastic.co)
In this tutorial I will discuss on how to use keras package with tensor flow as back end to build an anomaly detection model using auto encoders. (r-bloggers.com)

Ice Detection Sensor to measure icing and freezing rain for various fields of application. (dianjianghk.com)
Analyze the sensor detections of actors, road boundaries, and lane boundaries. (mathworks.com)

Diagnostic developers can thus accelerate their time to market, and a broader swathe of clinical, veterinary, food and environmental testing end-users will be able to benefit from superior nucleic acid detection. (labbulletin.com)

Evidence suggests that MERS-CoV is capable of limited human-to-human transmission, which results in outbreaks in family and health care settings. (cdc.gov)
Improving the diagnostic accuracy of STEC infection by clinical laboratories should ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment of these infections in patients and increase detection of STEC outbreaks in the community. (cdc.gov)
Moreover, they are widely seen as critical for addressing emerging infectious diseases, for example by containing or limiting outbreaks of infectious diseases or combatting the spread of antimicrobial resistance. (who.int)

Recent advances in liquid chromatography coupled on-line to tandem mass spectrometry detection techniques for clinical biomarker discovery and detection have offered much hope for superior patient care, particularly for cancer diagnosis and treatment (1). (spectroscopyonline.com)
Two-dimensional gels have been used to separate and visualize 2000-10000 proteins in a single experiment [ 5 ], and subsequent excision of protein bands and detection by mass spectrometry can enable identification of the proteins [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A Plasmodium species antigen detection assay is a device that employs antibodies for the detection of specific malaria parasite antigens, including histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2) specific antigens, and pan malarial antigens in human whole blood. (fda.gov)
This guidance provides recommendations to manufacturers regarding preparation of premarket notifications and labeling for a Plasmodium species antigen detection assay. (fda.gov)
Any firm submitting a 510(k) premarket notification for a Plasmodium species antigen detection assay will need to address the issues covered in the special controls guidance document. (fda.gov)

The multiplex detection approach outlined in this study has the potential to address the need to rapidly characterize the phenotype and clinical response to continually emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants as the COVID-19 pandemic continues. (news-medical.net)
step 3: performance evaluation of limited scope to verify critical analytical and clinical performance characteristics. (who.int)
Basic information about the temporal and causal patterns of viral shedding and their relationships to clinical outcomes is critical to further understand the virus and to shape prevention and control measures needed to limit transmission. (cdc.gov)
The detection of brevitoxins or their metabolites in clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)
different scores were found for early detection of clinical deterioration in patients with suspected or diagnosed sepsis. (bvsalud.org)

These advantages explain the key role that ICP-MS currently plays in biomarker quantification, via detection of an elemental label linked to the biomolecule of interest. (spectroscopyonline.com)
The high selectivity offered by the MS/MS configuration reduced significantly chemical noise and background, allowing virtually interference-free and highly sensitive detection of some non-metal atoms naturally present in biomolecules, such as P and S, which can be used as endogenous elemental tags for the quantification of biomolecules by ICP-MS. (spectroscopyonline.com)
Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are not fully established for eDNA studies. (brandicronkamermans.com)

All real-time PCR systems rely upon the detection and quantitation of a fluorescent reporter, the signal of which increases in direct proportion to the amount of PCR product in a reaction. (medscape.com)
limit of quantitation = 0.07-0.45 ng/m3 (assuming a 14 m3 sample). (cdc.gov)

In these circumstances, without metagenomic data, clinicians are limited in their ability to recommend the most appropriate tests for a differential diagnosis, making patient management challenging. (biomedcentral.com)

Use of analytical detection limit theory can guide the diagnostic allergy laboratory director in setting a lower assay cutoff and in the evaluation of the recommended cutoff by the manufacturer of the assay. (elsevier.com)
The legal limit for carbon tetrachloride, established in 1987, was based on analytical detection limits at the time that the standard was set. (ewg.org)

Detection limits of 50 femtograms for LSD are realized for samples introduced via the direct inlet probe. (erowid.org)
The multiplex RT-PCR assay clearly and successfully shortened the total detection time and reduced labor compared to conventional culture-based methods for testing natural samples. (frontiersin.org)
After amplification the samples are typed by hybridization to the typing strips followed by colorimetric detection. (cdc.gov)
Some of the antibody/antigen pairs allowed detection of the cognate ligands at absolute concentrations below 1 ng/ml, and partial concentrations of less than 1 part in 10 6 , sensitivities sufficient for measurement of many clinically important proteins in patient blood samples. (biomedcentral.com)
It was also demonstrated that the direct TaqMan RT-PCR detection of CHIKV RNA was as sensitive as the real-time RT-PCR with an RNA extraction step having a detection limit of 27 synthetic RNA copies with spiked human serum samples. (medscape.com)

The results showed that the detection limit of the multiplex real-time assay was approximately 10 2 CFU/mL for pure cultures and artificially contaminated milk without enrichment, while 12, 14, and 10 CFU/25 mL, respectively, for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes , and Salmonella spp. (frontiersin.org)

WHO's Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean had conducted an assessment of these centres and influenza laboratories in 2015-2016, which revealed that some lack the necessary capacity for virus isolation in cell culture, and for antigenic characterization of human influenza viruses - capacities that are fundamental for early detection and recognition of influenza viruses of epidemic and pandemic potential. (who.int)
The medication - a two-step regimen of mifepristone and misoprostol - was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2000 with a prescription, for use during the first seven weeks of pregnancy, a limit that was then extended to 10 weeks in 2016. (washingtonpost.com)

Based on the detector type, the medical radiation detection and monitoring market is segmented into gas-filled detectors, solid-state detectors, and scintillators. (aarkstore.com)

The Department of State Service (DSS) has restated that the service was primarily charged with the detection and prevention, within Nigeria, any crime against the internal security of the country. (blueprint.ng)
Standard, contact, and airborne precautions appear to be effective in limiting transmission and are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to manage known or suspected MERS-CoV infection in hospitalized patients as a primary means of preventing and controlling transmission. (cdc.gov)
In addition, these recommendations propose a national strategy for reducing the morbidity of chlamydial infections by detection and treatment and through the prevention of transmission to uninfected persons. (cdc.gov)
Other services include the collection, scheduling and determination of unemployment insurance appeals and the establishment, prevention, detection, investigation and collection of overpayments of UI benefits. (gcn.com)

Furthermore, the reagent mixes have been validated for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the most common respiratory viruses, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. (labbulletin.com)
It uses chemiluminescence for the qualitative detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical specimens. (cdc.gov)

Additionally, combining differentially elemental-labeled antibodies with ICP-MS detection could allow the design of multiplexed biomarker analytical methods. (spectroscopyonline.com)

PCR Biosystems has expanded its comprehensive range of diagnostic reagents with the launch of the Lyo-Ready Probe 1-Step Kit, a lyophilisable 4x RT-qPCR reagent mix designed for ultra-sensitive high-throughput detection of RNA sequences. (labbulletin.com)
However, the application of TADS and other next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based technologies, such as shotgun metagenomics, to the characterization of eukaryotic communities comprised of protozoa and helminths has been slow to advance, and the potential use of these technologies for parasite detection in routine diagnostic settings has not been rigorously explored. (biomedcentral.com)

The results of dependency detection reported by GitHub Enterprise Server may be different from the results returned by other tools. (github.com)
GitHub limits its support for vulnerability alerts to a set of ecosystems where we can provide high-quality, actionable data. (github.com)

Quantitative risk assessment suggests that lung cancer risk may be excessive at current occupational exposure limits. (bmj.com)

This document specifies a procedure, in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, for the calculation of the "decision threshold", the "detection limit" and the "limits of the coverage interval" for a non‑negative ionizing radiation measurand when counting measurements with preselection of time or counts are carried out. (iso.org)
Given that the iPhone 7 series marks the first time Apple has differentiated design based on capacity, limiting the glossy jet black option to 128- and 256-gigabyte models, he believes the company may push further in that direction in 2017, with a new stainless steel frame. (appleinsider.com)
RFC 5227 IPv4 Address Conflict Detection July 2008 Unfortunately, the DHCP specification does not give any guidance to implementers concerning the number of ARP packets to send, the interval between packets, the total time to wait before concluding that an address may safely be used, or indeed even which kinds of packets a host should be listening for, in order to make this determination. (rfc-editor.org)
Articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were included with no time limits on the search. (bvsalud.org)

Here we present a resource-efficient in-house protocol for the PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patient specimens (RKI/ZBS1 SARS-CoV-2 protocol). (nih.gov)
We applied this method to blood specimens containing Babesia , Plasmodium , various kinetoplastids, and filarial nematodes and confirmed its limit of detection (LOD) to be approximately 10-fold lower than previously described, falling within the range of most qPCR methods. (biomedcentral.com)
The versatility of targeted amplicon deep sequencing (TADS) enables detection of new pathogens as well as known pathogens that are difficult-to-culture and has facilitated the detailed characterization of bacterial, viral, and fungal communities from diverse biological and environmental specimens. (biomedcentral.com)

NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Researchers at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and the University of Toronto have developed a new methodology for the early detection of cancer via methylated DNA. (genomeweb.com)
The group is not the only academic team to investigate methylation or other epigenetic changes for early cancer detection. (genomeweb.com)
Our approach awaits further validation in completely independent datasets, but our findings underscore the potential utility of cfDNA methylation profiles as a basis for noninvasive, cost-effective, sensitive and accurate early tumor detection for cancer interception, and for multi-cancer classification," the team concluded. (genomeweb.com)
The application of medicine wherein radioactive tracers is employed to enable early cancer detection and monitor disease progression through the visual tracking of radiopharmaceuticals, which yields tangible information associated with the molecular nature of the matter causing bodily disturbances. (aarkstore.com)
The vast majority of the networks we removed in December had limited following or were in the early stages of building their audiences when we removed them. (fb.com)
Symptoms could early detection of COVID-19 cases. (who.int)
Integrated early detection and antibiotic treatment are the cornerstones of the control strategy. (who.int)
In a malignancy such as bronchogenic carcinoma, early detection can lead to surgical resection of the lesion and cure. (medscape.com)
The 2010 update of the American Cancer Society (ACS) guideline for early detection of prostate cancer stresses the importance of involving men in the decision whether to test for prostate cancer. (medscape.com)

The LOD is based on detection/nondetection criteria and describes an assay's ability to detect the target sequence at low levels. (brandicronkamermans.com)
This algorithm aim to detect period-1 limit cycles from trajectories in the phase sapce considered in a bidimensional projection. (rdrr.io)
These radiations necessitate the use of proper medical radiation detection, monitoring, and safety equipment to detect radiation exposure in the environment. (aarkstore.com)
Importantly, fatigue monitoring and detection technologies (FMDT) can be broadly categorized into two types: 1) technologies that predict future fatigue based on the users' recent sleep, work hours, etc. and 2) those that monitor and detect potential current fatigue using biological measures (e.g. eyelid movement and blink rate, reaction times to tests) or performance measures (e.g. lane departures). (cdc.gov)
There is limited analytical capability to detect selected brevitoxins or their metabolites in urine by immunoassay. (cdc.gov)

ATE supplies a complete range of single/multiple gas detectors for detection and monitoring of O2, H2S, CO, CL2, in various concentrations. (antaiengineering.com)
By doing so, we were able to reduce the concentrations of indicator substances to below the detection limits. (eawag.ch)
The number of industrial sites that manufacture or use these compounds, the number of military fire training areas, and the number of wastewater treatment plants are all significant predictors of PFAS detection frequencies and concentrations in public water supplies. (msu.edu)

In choosing among the available fatigue detection technologies, there are several considerations, aside from cost. (cdc.gov)

uFACTS limits the amount of custom coding UIA needs to do to analyze unemployment insurance data or make program changes and is able to connect with other state software, allowing for "seamless access for claimants and UIA staff," agency officials said. (gcn.com)

All of these advantages are due to the nature of the amplification reaction and the availability of instruments able to perform both thermocycling and fluorescence detection. (medscape.com)

Today, businesses suffer from trying to manage too many siloed security solutions that limit visibility into systems for the purposes of threat detection and decrease security teams' abilities to find and react to increasing volume of sophisticated attacks. (yahoo.com)
Integrating these workflows helps apply more comprehensive zero trust policies to protect systems without compromising on flexibility users need to stay productive, reacting with more granularity based on the severity and confidence of the threat detection from CrowdStrike. (yahoo.com)
Use this Android OS for Android App Performance Monitoring, Mobile threat detection and protection, Competitive analysis, Advertising, IT Service Management or even Rapid prototyping. (amazon.com)

In this context, the bioanalytical community has made tremendous advances to satisfy the demand for reliable, cost-effective, robust, and powerful detection and monitoring strategies for disease biomarkers based on MS-technology. (spectroscopyonline.com)
The global medical radiation detection, monitoring, and safety market are projected to reach USD 1,208 million by 2028, up from USD 949 million in 2020, at a CAGR of 5.9% during the forecast period. (aarkstore.com)
In 2019, the gas-filled detectors segment accounted for the largest market share of the medical radiation detection and monitoring market. (aarkstore.com)
North America dominated the fastest growth in the global medical radiation detection, monitoring, and safety market. (aarkstore.com)

2 November 2017 - WHO conducted a 5-day workshop in Rabat, Morocco, on influenza virus identification and handling mechanisms to enhance the capacities of national influenza centres in the Eastern Mediterranean Region for timely and effective detection of seasonal and pandemic influenza. (who.int)
By establishing virus identification and handling mechanisms, and through timely detection of unknown viruses, national influenza centres can be effective in limiting the spread of seasonal and pandemic influenza in the Region, and around the world," said Dr Mamunur Malik, Manager of the Infectious Hazard Management unit at WHO's Health Emergencies Programme at the Regional office in Cairo. (who.int)

Field trials on dirty canal water showed these composite membranes to remove aluminium to a level × 10 below the EU limit for drinking water and reduce iron and bacteria contents to below detectable levels. (nature.com)

Knowledge of the olfactory detection limit (often abbreviated as the odour threshold value, or OTV) of odorous chemical compounds is a very important tool in the design of all kinds of products and materials from the FMCG, perfumery and cosmetics sectors. (olfasense.com)
Applying these two functions within iterations for decision threshold and the detection limit calculations simplifies the programming effort significantly. (iso.org)

Building on Zscaler's existing partnership with CrowdStrike, customers can now enable closed-loop threat analytics, detection and response workflows from endpoint, to network and applications anywhere. (yahoo.com)

2. Subsequent passive detection that another host on the network is inadvertently using the same address. (rfc-editor.org)

Note: Spyhunter trial provides detection of parasites and assists in their removal for free. (2-viruses.com)

ICP-MS offers detection limits in the attomolar range, regardless of the molecular environment of the target element, with a broad linear dynamic range of several orders of magnitude, and simultaneous multi-isotopic analysis is routinely possible. (spectroscopyonline.com)

The thermal release of viral RNA by destabilization of the physical integrity of viruses by heating resulted in the release of viral RNA which is subsequently available for RT-PCR detection. (medscape.com)

SAN JOSE, Calif., Sept. 20, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Zscaler, Inc. (NASDAQ: ZS), the leader in cloud security, today announced new security detection capabilities available through its Zero Trust Exchange™ cloud security platform and the CrowdStrike XDR platform as part of its expanded partnership with industry-leading CrowdStrike . (yahoo.com)

By using two polarity-difference statistics in addition to the polarity-coincidence statistic, it is shown that the decrease in performance, as well as the cost of hard limiting due to correlated inputs, can be made small. (cdc.gov)

The reductions seen in 2020 and 2021 could be linked to the impact of COVID-19 on active detection activities (see Figure 2). (who.int)
revisión integradora en PubMed , Scopus , Web of Science y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud entre febrero y marzo de 2021. (bvsalud.org)

More P. V., Chandegaonkar V. R., Gosavi N. R., More B. P., Kulkarni K. V.. A New Chromogenic Spray Reagent for Detection and Identification of Indoxacarb in Visceral Material by HPTLC. (who.int)
A novel chromatographic reagent is described for detection and identifications of Indoxacarb by HPTLC by use of furfural reagent. (who.int)

Therefore, in order to minimize the risk of infection for consumers, the development of a rapid, accurate, and internationally accepted assay for the detection of these major pathogens in the dairy farm environment and milk products has become increasingly important for the food industry and for public health. (frontiersin.org)

There are two cube sensors for icing measurement and icing detection for two different measurement ranges. (dianjianghk.com)
1.1 This test method covers the detection and measurement of partial discharge (corona) pulses at the terminals of an insulation system under an applied test voltage, including the determination of partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltages as the test voltage is raised and lowered. (astm.org)

A UV fluorescent leak detection additive is mixed with the fluid system in question, including water, oils, fuels, coolants and refrigerants. (sunlonge.com)

Logically, people assume the lower the gas detection alarm level, the safer the working environment, as the body will be exposed to less poisonous gas. (crowcon.com)
Several methods for calculating lower limit of detection are applicable to specific IgE assay methods. (elsevier.com)
Activates alarm if solution level exceeds upper or lower limits. (ca.gov)

I would certainly prefer to use the motion detection over the constant interval uploads, so do you have any suggestions to get this to work? (drivehq.com)

Serum metagenomics has not yet been applied to rarer parasitic infections of the blood, such as trypanosomiasis, babesiosis, and leishmaniasis, or for the detection of helminthic microfilariae. (biomedcentral.com)

The panel-mounted gas detection system is able to initiate 16 detection channels simultaneously, and equipped with reliable audio and visual alarms. (antaiengineering.com)
The reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 has become one of the most important contributions to COVID-19 crisis management. (nih.gov)

Conclusion This study provides evidence that lung cancer risk is elevated at levels near the current US Occupational Safety and Health Administration beryllium exposure limit of 2.0 μg/m 3 DWA for workers. (bmj.com)

It focused on detection and identification of seasonal influenza virus sub-types, using cell culture and hemaglutination - steps that are essential for identifying viruses to make vaccines. (who.int)

Objective - what is the purpose for implementing fatigue detection? (cdc.gov)

Contain - Contain and limit the scope of the attack so that it is restricted to only some part of the organization. (computer.org)

Similar to the NDT crack detection process because it also relies on color contrast qualifications and therefore offers similar sensitivity improvements. (sunlonge.com)
The major obstacles to improved sensitivity include a "limited number of recurrent mutations available to distinguish between tumor and normal … in a cost-effective manner," the authors wrote, as well as the issue of technical artefacts introduced during sequencing. (genomeweb.com)

The low incidence of mutations in younger patients with primary disease and the lack of significance in multivariate analysis indicate that there is a limited role for screening at diagnosis for ASXL1 mutations for the purpose of prognostic stratification. (ox.ac.uk)
The mediation analysis is limited in that levels of sex hormones were not measured. (medscape.com)

Joint Zscaler™ and CrowdStrike customers now have unparalleled endpoint and network visibility across their entire enterprise to more effectively correlate diverse sets of data sources to identify new indicators-of-compromise (IoCs) while turning suspicious signals into concrete threat detections. (yahoo.com)
We have a function calculate the reconstruction error and based on train data set, we will use 85% quantile to set the anomaly limit. (r-bloggers.com)
Such data would allow evidence-informed strategies that best balance thehighest detection rate with the prevailing testing capacity. (who.int)
Model averaging quantiles from data censored by a limit of detection. (who.int)

Use the AUDIT-C questionnaire in general practice and specialist consultation for the detection of excessive alcohol consumption. (medscape.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms12

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment121

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations13

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture11

Information Science18

Named Groups1

Health Care30

High-sensitivity nanoLC-MS/MS analysis of urinary desmosine and isodesmosine. (1/914)

Practical aspects of in vivo detection of neuropeptides by microdialysis coupled off-line to capillary LC with multistage MS. (2/914)

Femtomolar concentration detection limit and zeptomole mass detection limit for protein separation by capillary isoelectric focusing and laser-induced fluorescence detection. (3/914)

Development and validation of a sensitive assay for the quantification of imatinib using LC/LC-MS/MS in human whole blood and cell culture. (4/914)

Continuous operation of microfabricated electrophoresis devices for 24 hours and application to chemical monitoring of living cells. (5/914)

Simultaneous analysis of liposomal doxorubicin and doxorubicin using capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence. (6/914)

Capturing single molecules of immunoglobulin and ricin with an aptamer-encoded glass nanopore. (7/914)

Midregional pro-adrenomedullin in addition to b-type natriuretic peptides in the risk stratification of patients with acute dyspnea: an observational study. (8/914)

Sensitivity and Specificity

Limit of Detection

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Reproducibility of Results

Biosensing Techniques

Bacteriological Techniques

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Time Factors

Signal Detection, Psychological

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Immunoassay

Molecular Sequence Data

Algorithms

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Virology

DNA Primers

Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques

Base Sequence

Early Detection of Cancer

DNA, Bacterial

False Positive Reactions

Calibration

Feces

DNA Probes

Substance Abuse Detection

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Reference Standards

Predictive Value of Tests

Specimen Handling

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Techniques

Electrophoresis, Capillary

DNA, Viral

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

False Negative Reactions

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Electrodes

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

Early Diagnosis

Colorimetry

Indicators and Reagents

Staining and Labeling

Fluorescent Dyes

Antibodies, Immobilized

Automation

Luminescent Measurements

Fluorescence

Culture Media

ROC Curve

Species Specificity

Cattle

Gold

Heterozygote Detection

Sensory Thresholds

DNA

Blood

Oligonucleotide Probes

Taq Polymerase

Tumor Markers, Biological

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Mutation

Chromatography, Liquid

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Flow Injection Analysis

Mass Spectrometry

Quality Control

Parasitology

RNA, Viral

Mass Screening

Antibodies, Viral

Reference Values

Genotype

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Biological Markers

Equipment Design

Clinical Laboratory Techniques