Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Waist Circumference: The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.Intra-Abdominal Fat: Fatty tissue inside the ABDOMINAL CAVITY, including visceral fat and retroperitoneal fat. It is the most metabolically active fat in the body and easily accessible for LIPOLYSIS. Increased visceral fat is associated with metabolic complications of OBESITY.Abdominal Fat: Fatty tissue in the region of the ABDOMEN. It includes the ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT and the INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT.Body Composition: The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.Waist-Hip Ratio: The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.Subcutaneous Fat: Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.Skinfold Thickness: The measurement of subcutaneous fat located directly beneath the skin by grasping a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat between the thumb and forefinger and pulling it away from the underlying muscle tissue. The thickness of the double layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue is then read with a caliper. The five most frequently measured sites are the upper arm, below the scapula, above the hip bone, the abdomen, and the thigh. Its application is the determination of relative fatness, of changes in physical conditioning programs, and of the percentage of body fat in desirable body weight. (From McArdle, et al., Exercise Physiology, 2d ed, p496-8)Absorptiometry, Photon: A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.Obesity, Abdominal: A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension and METABOLIC SYNDROME X.Body Fat Distribution: Deposits of ADIPOSE TISSUE throughout the body. The pattern of fat deposits in the body regions is an indicator of health status. Excess ABDOMINAL FAT increases health risks more than excess fat around the hips or thighs, therefore, WAIST-HIP RATIO is often used to determine health risks.Viscera: Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen.Anthropometry: The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.Overweight: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal: Fatty tissue under the SKIN in the region of the ABDOMEN.Adiponectin: A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Eating: The consumption of edible substances.Body Constitution: The physical characteristics of the body, including the mode of performance of functions, the activity of metabolic processes, the manner and degree of reactions to stimuli, and power of resistance to the attack of pathogenic organisms.Dietary Fats: Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.Energy Intake: Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.Adipose Tissue, White: Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Diet, High-Fat: Consumption of excessive DIETARY FATS.Glucose Tolerance Test: A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).Body Weights and Measures: Measurements of the height, weight, length, area, etc., of the human and animal body or its parts.Hyperphagia: Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.Adipocytes: Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.TriglyceridesCohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Body Height: The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.Adipokines: Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytokines of the immune system, such as TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; and COMPLEMENT FACTOR D (also known as ADIPSIN). They have potent autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Puberty: A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Receptors, Leptin: Cell surface receptors for obesity factor (LEPTIN), a hormone secreted by the WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Upon leptin-receptor interaction, the signal is mediated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to regulate food intake, energy balance and fat storage.Metabolic Syndrome X: A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)Body Size: The physical measurements of a body.Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4: A melanocortin receptor subtype found primarily in BRAIN. It shows specificity for ALPHA-MSH; BETA-MSH and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Pediatric Obesity: BODY MASS INDEX in children (ages 2-12) and in adolescents (ages 13-18) that is grossly above the recommended cut-off for a specific age and sex. For infants less than 2 years of age, obesity is determined based on standard weight-for-length percentile measures.Fasting: Abstaining from all food.Ghrelin: A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTORS. Ghrelin is widely expressed but primarily in the stomach in the adults. Ghrelin acts centrally to stimulate growth hormone secretion and food intake, and peripherally to regulate energy homeostasis. Its large precursor protein, known as appetite-regulating hormone or motilin-related peptide, contains ghrelin and obestatin.African Americans: Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.Thinness: A state of insufficient flesh on the body usually defined as having a body weight less than skeletal and physical standards. Depending on age, sex, and genetic background, a BODY MASS INDEX of less than 18.5 is considered as underweight.Glucose Intolerance: A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.Physical Fitness: The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Feeding Behavior: Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.Mice, Inbred C57BLRegression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Weight Loss: Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.Adipogenesis: The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Glucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.Mice, Obese: Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.Homeostasis: The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Hypothalamus: Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.African Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.Metabolic Diseases: Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)Electric Impedance: The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.Western World: A historical and cultural entity dispersed across the wide geographical area of Europe, as opposed to the East, Asia, and Africa. The term was used by scholars through the late medieval period. Thereafter, with the impact of colonialism and the transmission of cultures, Western World was sometimes expanded to include the Americas. (Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.Republic of BelarusBlood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Agouti-Related Protein: A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids that is related to AGOUTI SIGNALING PROTEIN and is also an antagonist of MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR activity. It is expressed primarily in the HYPOTHALAMUS and the ADRENAL GLAND. As a paracrine signaling molecule, AGRP is known to regulate food intake and body weight. Elevated AGRP has been associated with OBESITY.Birth Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.Fatty Liver: Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.Hyperinsulinism: A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.Caloric Restriction: Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance other physiological variables.Appetite Regulation: Physiologic mechanisms which regulate or control the appetite and food intake.Adipose Tissue, Brown: A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin: A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.Growth: Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.Mothers: Female parents, human or animal.Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Hispanic Americans: Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.Glucose Clamp Technique: Maintenance of a constant blood glucose level by perfusion or infusion with glucose or insulin. It is used for the study of metabolic rates (e.g., in glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism) at constant glucose concentration.Postmenopause: The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
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Small heterodimer partner
International Cancer Genome Consortium
Low Serum Adiponectin Levels Predict Future Risk For Asthma In Women - Redorbit
Association between asthma and serum adiponectin concentration in women | Thorax
Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Adolescents: Race, Season, Adiposity, Physical Activity, and Fitness | Articles | Pediatrics
Cardiorespiratory fitness, different measures of adiposity, and serum vitamin D levels in African-American adults
Inverse association between serum antioxidant levels and inflammatory markers is moderated by adiposity: a report based on a...
Abstract P098: Maternal Insulin/Glycemic Regulation, Leptin, and Adiposity Levels are Associated with Newborn Adiposity |...
Abstract 1319: Plasma Levels of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins 4 and 5 are Markers of Adiposity and the Metabolic Syndrome but are...
The association between circulating adiponectin levels, lung function and adiposity in subjects from the general population;...
PLASMA LEVELS OF THE NOVEL VASODILATORY GAS HYDROGEN SULPHIDE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADIPOSITY - UCL Discovery
PLASMA LEVELS OF THE NOVEL VASODILATORY GAS HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADIPOSITY - UCL Discovery
Breastfeeding duration not associated with average adiposity levels in 6-year-olds to 13-year-olds, but adequate breastfeeding...
Changes in adiposity levels in schoolchildren according to nutritional status: analysis over a 30-year period | CELAFISCS
Vitamin D level and its association with adiposity among multi-ethnic adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a cross sectional study...
Role of Blood Cytokine Levels and Adiposity in Myocardial Infarction Recurrence
The Improvement Effects of β-Glucan on Adiposity and Serum Lipids Levels in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
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Micro- and macro-level correlates of adiposity in children<...
Adiponectin protects against development of metabolic disturbances in a PCOS mouse model | PNAS
Apolipoprotein B Levels Predict Future Development of Hypertension Independent of Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity
Are there socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, and are they mediated by adiposity? Findings...
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Association between Diet Quality and Adiposity in the Atlantic PATH Cohort | HTML
Basic Health Calculators on the Mac App Store
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Predictive capacity of indicators of adiposity in the metabolic syndrome in elderly individuals
Ageing influences the relationship of circulating miR-33a and miR-33b levels with insulin resistance and adiposity
Possible increase in serum FABP4 level despite adiposity reduction by canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor<...
Cord plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin in healthy term neonates: positive correlation with birthweight and...
Lifestyle Intervention Involving Calorie Restriction with or without Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Liver Fat in Adults...
Common genetic variation in the SERPINF1 locus determines overall adiposity, obesity-related insulin resistance, and...
C-Reactive protein levels are associated with adiposity and a high inflammatory foods index in mountainous Cypriot children
Macronutrient Intake-Associated FGF21 Genotype Modifies Effects of Weight-Loss Diets on 2-Year Changes of Central Adiposity and...
Generalized Lipodystrophy: Practice Essentials, Overview, Lipodystrophy, Lipoatrophy, and Lipoatrophic Diabetes
Induces adiposityConclusionCorrelationsMethodsHigherAdipose TissueObesitySerumIndicesConclusionsMetabolic SyndromeGreater adiposityMETHODSDual-energy x-ray aWeight and adiposity at birthAdiponectinPositively associatedOverweightGlucose intoleranceChanges in adiposityIncrease in adiposityDifferences in adipositySkinfoldNewborn AdiposityINFANT ADIPOSITYHigher adiposityMeasure adiposityPredictorsSignificantlyIntra-abdominalCohortAdolescenceLipid levelsAssessCardiovascularNeonatalRiskAnthropometricAssociationsExpenditureFindingsWaistBodyInflammationParticipantsInversely associatedHighOutcomesMeasuresAdultsType 2 Diabet
Induces adiposity1
- Ghrelin administration however not only stimulates GH secretion but also induces adiposity in rodents by increasing food intake and decreasing fat utilization. (bioscientifica.com)
Conclusion1
- CONCLUSION: We show for the first time that fasting plasma levels of the novel appetite-modulating hormone ghrelin are elevated in anorexia nervosa and return to normal levels after partial weight recovery. (bioscientifica.com)
Correlations1
- To examine this hypothesis and to further investigate the role for ghrelin in regulating energy homeostasis, we analyzed circulating ghrelin levels in patients with anorexia nervosa and examined possible correlations with clinical parameters before and after weight gain. (bioscientifica.com)
Methods1
- METHODS: Plasma ghrelin levels were measured in overnight fasting plasma samples from 36 female patients with anorexia nervosa (age: 25.0+/-1.2 years, BMI: 15.2+/-0.2 kg/m(2)) before and after weight gain following psychotherapeutic treatment intervention in a psychosomatic institution. (bioscientifica.com)
Higher1
- RESULTS: Fasting plasma ghrelin levels in anorectic patients were significantly higher (1057+/-95 pg/ml) than in normal age-matched female controls (514+/-63 pg/ml n=24, P=0.02). (bioscientifica.com)
Adipose Tissue17
- Total adiposity, which was also measured by clinical CT scans, represented the sum of visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intramuscular adipose tissue each individual patient carried. (medscape.com)
- The mortality risk was highest among patients with both sarcopenia and high levels of total adiposity, among whom the relative risk for mortality was 89% higher than that in patients without sarcopenia and with low levels of total adipose tissue. (medscape.com)
- Indeed, only patients in the highest tertile of total adipose tissue but without sarcopenia had a significantly higher risk for death by some 40% compared with those with low total adiposity without sarcopenia. (medscape.com)
- Adiposity is defined as an accumulation of excess adipose tissue composed of adipocytes, or fat cells. (aacc.org)
- Adiposity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, a balance affected by both orexigenic (hunger inducing) and anorexigenic (satiety inducing) signals-some of which are hormones that adipose tissue itself secretes. (aacc.org)
- Many of the responses of adipocytes to hypoxia are initiated at PO2 levels above the normal physiological range for adipose tissue. (psu.edu)
- Objective-Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) production by adipose tissue is increased in obesity, and its circulating levels are high in type 2 diabetes. (psu.edu)
- Conclusion-Reductions in PAI-1 levels with ILI in obese diabetic individuals may reflect an improvement in adipose tissue health that could affect cardiovascular risk without changing fibrinogen or D-dimer levels. (psu.edu)
- Adiposity refers to both the distribution and the size of the adipose tissue depots. (nap.edu)
- This Cochrane review provides strong evidence that exercise programs ranging in duration from eight weeks to one year reduce A1C levels by approximately 0.6 percent, as well as reducing adipose tissue and triglyceride levels. (aafp.org)
- Techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging made it possible to categorize mass of adipose tissue located at the abdominal level into intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat. (wikipedia.org)
- Cripps, R. L. and Ozanne, S. E. (2010) Early-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity, in Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease (eds T. Leff and J. G. Granneman), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. (wiley.com)
- Adiposity is associated with DNA methylation profile in adipose tissue. (semanticscholar.org)
- To determine the effects of obesity on fasting plasma leptin levels and assess the effects of feeding on plasma leptin and OB gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic subjects. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Adipose tissue OB mRNA levels were not significantly higher in the obese group. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Despite the large increase in plasma insulin, there were no post-prandial changes in either plasma leptin concentrations or subcutaneous adipose tissue OB mRNA levels in either lean or obese subjects. (unboundmedicine.com)
- And it is waistline adipose tissue (central obesity) which seems to be the foremost type of fat deposits contributing to rising levels of serum resistin. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity29
- Both measured and self-reported data were used to examine adiposity (including body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio and fat mass) and food frequency questionnaires were used to assess diet quality. (mdpi.com)
- High plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels have been shown to be associated with hypertension, central obesity, and insulin resistance in cross-sectional research. (e-enm.org)
- Background Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4/A-FABP/aP2) is secreted from adipocytes in association with catecholamine-induced lipolysis, and elevated serum FABP4 level is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammatory marker levels have long been associated with obesity status in adult populations, but relevant data are scarce in children, especially in diverse races. (edu.au)
- The aim of this study was thus to examine the association between overall and central obesity and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in Cypriot children of Greek ancestry. (edu.au)
- CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with increased hs-CRP levels in 6-12 year-old children, a finding that supports the inflammation-obesity hypothesis at an early stage of life. (edu.au)
- Obesity is associated with elevated plasma leptin levels, but some studies have suggested that insulin sensitivity is an additional determinant of circulating leptin concentrations. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The relationships among obesity, metabolic syndrome, ED, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and serum total and free testosterone levels are complex and often confusing to the physician. (nature.com)
- low serum SHBG levels in obesity contribute to the low serum total testosterone. (nature.com)
- Obesity is associated with low total testosterone levels that can be explained at least partially by lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in obese men. (nature.com)
- Given the relationships among dietary fiber, gut health and chronic disease risk, a study was undertaken in a preclinical mouse model for obesity to examine how commonly consumed pulses, i.e., chickpea, common bean, dry pea and lentil, would impact gut microbes, intestinal function, and adiposity. (mdpi.com)
- Thompson, H.J. Pulse Crop Effects on Gut Microbial Populations, Intestinal Function, and Adiposity in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. (mdpi.com)
- Low levels of energy expenditure and aerobic fitness have been hypothesized to be risk factors for obesity. (aappublications.org)
- Decreasing levels of physical activity in the school day, combined with living in communities where resources are limited or built environments are not conducive to unsupervised outdoor play, is often identified as a contributing factor to the obesity epidemic among children and adolescents (3-6). (cdc.gov)
- Levels of obesity were high in all groups, but the children from the most income deprived and least income deprived areas were less likely to be obese than those in the middle. (www.nhs.uk)
- The media generally reported the research accurately, with most highlighting that the results challenge the currently held view (based on previous evidence) that obesity levels rise in line with higher levels of deprivation in a relatively linear fashion. (www.nhs.uk)
- A cross-sectional study is a good way of establishing obesity levels at a particular point in time. (www.nhs.uk)
- For example, if obesity is found to be linked to different levels of deprivation, local health promotion resources can be targeted proportionately at the groups most in need. (www.nhs.uk)
- It was also set up to monitor obesity levels in the city. (www.nhs.uk)
- Overweight, obesity, and adiposity are commonly used terms. (nap.edu)
- TUESDAY, Aug. 18, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Bariatric surgery is associated with a reduction in mortality, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is effective for blood pressure (BP) control in patients with hypertension and obesity, according to two studies published online Aug. 18 in the Annals of Internal Medicine . (healthday.com)
- Associations between sports participation, adiposity and obesity-relat" by Stewart A. Vella, Dylan P. Cliff et al. (edu.au)
- Excess maternal circulating nutrients, as in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes, have been associated with fetal overgrowth (macrosomia) and greater adiposity at birth (Catalano et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of glucose levels in pregnancy on skinfold thickness (adiposity) in infancy as a marker of future obesity and diabetes in offspring. (biomedcentral.com)
- Objectives As a secondary analysis of the BEACHeS study, we hypothesised there would be sex differences in Pakistani and Bangladeshi school children when examining adiposity and their response to an obesity intervention. (bmj.com)
- Serum CRP levels increased with age, were higher in women than in men, and were positively related to obesity and hyperglycemia. (ahajournals.org)
- Although high levels of leptin (corresponding to obesity condition) alone had no effect on Leydig cells' steroidogenic genes expression, it downregulated cAMP-dependent activations of the cholesterol transporter Star and of the rate-limiting steroidogenic enzyme Cyp11a1. (deepdyve.com)
- As such, defining obesity based on population-specific percentiles rather than using cut-off points derived from other geographical settings with contrasting levels of socio-economic development becomes imperative. (uwi.edu)
- Increased adiposity (obesity) raises serum resistin levels, which in turn directly correlate to insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
Serum32
- We examined the associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), adiposity, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D) levels in African-American (AA) adults. (nih.gov)
- and to study other risk factors that affect serum 25(OH)D level among multi-ethnic adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (biomedcentral.com)
- There was a significant negative association between serum 25(OH)D level with BMI ( β = − 0.23) and body fat percentage ( β = −0.14). (biomedcentral.com)
- 0.05) were significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D level. (biomedcentral.com)
- The full model explained 32.8 % of the variation between participants in the serum 25(OH)D level. (biomedcentral.com)
- The two most influential factors affecting serum 25(OH)D level were ethnicity and gender. (biomedcentral.com)
- Adiposity was associated with serum 25(OH)D level. (biomedcentral.com)
- Skin pigmentation and gender based behaviours were more dominant in contributing to serum 25(OH)D level. (biomedcentral.com)
- The results suggested that high sensitivity CRP blood serum levels were significantly higher in adults with recurrent-MI (ρ = 0.05). (ecu.edu)
- These results suggest that CRP elevation is associated with recurrent-MI, and that high adiposity is correlated with CRP blood serum levels. (ecu.edu)
- This study was aimed to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$ -glucan obtained from bacterial fermentation on the adiposity and serum lipids level in rats. (koreascience.or.kr)
- ${\beta}$ -glucan reduced adiposity and improved serum lipids in obese rats fed high fat diet. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive association between serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure (BP) [ 2 - 4 ]. (e-enm.org)
- An article by Chacko and associates provided results of cross-sectional data from the Women's Health Initiative regarding the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and cardiometabolic risk factors. (dsm.com)
- Here we investigated whether canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, modulates serum FABP4 level. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Serum FABP4 level was measured before and after treatment. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Results At baseline, serum FABP4 level was correlated with adiposity, renal dysfunction and noradrenaline level. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Treatment with canagliflozin significantly decreased adiposity and levels of fasting glucose and HbA1c but increased average serum FABP4 level by 10.3% (18.0 ± 1.0 vs. 19.8 ± 1.2 ng/ml, P = 0.008), though elevation of FABP4 level after treatment was observed in 26 (66.7%) out of 39 patients. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Conclusions Canagliflozin paradoxically increases serum FABP4 level in some diabetic patients despite amelioration of glucose metabolism and adiposity reduction, possibly via induction of catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Soy-fed mice also showed reduced serum insulin levels and pancreatic insulin content and improved insulin sensitivity due to increased glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Low serum adiponectin levels predict an increased future risk for developing asthma in middle-aged women, particularly among smokers, according to a new study. (redorbit.com)
- In an earlier cross-sectional study, we found an association between low serum adiponectin levels and prevalent asthma among women, but the direction of this association is not known," Dr. Sood continued. (redorbit.com)
- Our results show that low serum adiponectin levels in middle-aged women are associated with an elevated risk of developing asthma in the future," concluded Dr. Sood. (redorbit.com)
- The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the relationship between serum ghrelin concentrations, adiposity, and verbal learning in a group of healthy, fit older adults. (hindawi.com)
- Based upon the aforementioned relationships, it appears that fasting levels of serum ghrelin are related to both verbal learning and adiposity in healthy, fit older adults. (hindawi.com)
- Stimulation with tetracosactin or corticotropin releasing hormone yielded lower peak serum cortisol levels in R (p = 0.03 and p = 0.06, respectively). (diva-portal.org)
- Conclusion- Serum CRP level is independently associated with advanced atherosclerosis in young persons. (ahajournals.org)
- In this report, we describe the association of serum CRP levels with the gross and microscopic features of atherosclerosis in young men and women from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study. (ahajournals.org)
- A serum thiocyanate level ≥90 μmol/L defined a smoker. (ahajournals.org)
- serum levels. (who.int)
- The serum leptin concentrations of 193 Singapore university medical and bioscience undergraduates aged 19-26 yr were measured using a competitive ELISA kit, and their leptin levels were correlated with sex and body mass index (BMI). (wellnessresources.com)
- Conversely, serum resistin levels have been found to decline with decreased adiposity following medical treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Indices8
- We also aimed to assess the impact of adiposity, metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation on the association between ADPN levels and indices of lung function. (springer.com)
- In addition to classic measures and related indices such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), different studies have suggested and used Conicity Index (CoI), Waist-Height Ratio (WHeR), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), as well as other measures as adiposity indicators in elderly individuals. (scielo.br)
- Eligibility criteria Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of observational studies that evaluated the association between indices of adiposity and risk of developing or dying from cancer. (bmj.com)
- Results 204 meta-analyses investigated associations between seven indices of adiposity and developing or dying from 36 primary cancers and their subtypes. (bmj.com)
- Of the adiposity indices accessed abdominal fat mass was the best predictor of stroke in women (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.23-2.24 per standard deviation increase), whereas the ratio of gynoid fat to total fat mass was associated with a decreased risk of stroke (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.54-0.96). (diva-portal.org)
- Abdominal fat mass was the only of the adiposity indices assessed that was found to be a significant predictor of stroke in men (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.06-2.09). (diva-portal.org)
- to evaluate the relationship between BMI and abdominal adiposity with metabolic indices and adipokines in BE compared to controls. (ovid.com)
- Larger indices of adiposity were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant defense. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions5
- CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FGF21 genotypes may interact with dietary carbohydrate/fat intake on changes in central adiposity and body fat composition. (diabetesjournals.org)
- CONCLUSIONS -Our study supports the hypothesis that adult markers of prepubertal growth, especially leg length-to-height ratio, are associated with adiposity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes in the general U.S. population. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Conclusions Our secondary analysis suggests differences in adiposity in Pakistani and Bangladeshi girls and boys and in the effect of the intervention reducing adiposity in girls. (bmj.com)
- Conclusions Among children with at least 1 obese parent, faster postnatal weight gain leads to cardiovascular risk factors in early adolescence through its effect on childhood adiposity. (ahajournals.org)
- CONCLUSIONS: We found gender differences in leptin levels and leptin-adiposity associations. (luriechildrens.org)
Metabolic Syndrome2
- Accordingly, we hypothesized that ADPN would be associated with lung function in a population-based sample and tested how abdominal adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and systemic inflammation influenced this association. (springer.com)
- Finally, estrogen receptor (ER)α or aromatase-knockout mice display several phenotypes associated with the metabolic syndrome, such as increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance ( 6 , 7 ), demonstrating the fundamental implication of estrogens in these metabolic processes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Greater adiposity3
- 7 However, it is unknown whether this association is due to tracking of BMI from childhood to adulthood or whether permanent changes in cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipid and blood pressure levels, occur in childhood as a result of greater adiposity. (nature.com)
- IHH male rats had greater adiposity than NHH males, findings that were only partly normalized by weaning to a regular chow. (cambridge.org)
- men who have greater adiposity have an elevated risk of high grade prostate cancer and prostate cancer death. (telegraph.co.uk)
Dual-energy x-ray a1
- Although considerable research exists examining these relationships, few studies have applied a socioecological approach to simultaneously examine both micro- and macro-level factors in young children while objectively assessing adiposity via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (elsevier.com)
Weight and adiposity at birth2
- Whereas increases in fetal insulin and leptin are associated with increased weight and adiposity at birth, the role of adiponectin in fetal growth has not yet been determined. (nih.gov)
- The aims of this study were to examine the relationships between adiponectin and insulin, leptin, weight and adiposity at birth in healthy term infants. (nih.gov)
Adiponectin13
- Circulating adiponectin (ADPN) levels are inversely associated with disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while studies assessing the relationship between ADPN and lung function in subjects from the general population have shown diverging results. (springer.com)
- Thus, increased levels of adiponectin can prevent prepubertal androgen-induced metabolic dysfunction in dihydrotestosterone-exposed mice with PCOS-like traits. (pnas.org)
- This study investigates the causal relationship between adiponectin levels and metabolic and reproductive functions in PCOS. (pnas.org)
- Cord plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin in healthy term neonates: positive correlation with birthweight and neonatal adiposity. (nih.gov)
- Mean cord plasma adiponectin and leptin levels, but not insulin level, were significantly higher in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. (nih.gov)
- Cord plasma adiponectin concentration correlated positively with leptin level (P = 0.007) but not with insulin level (P = 0.78). (nih.gov)
- High adiponectin levels are present in the cord blood. (nih.gov)
- Cord plasma adiponectin and leptin levels are positively correlated with birthweight and adiposity. (nih.gov)
- Higher levels of adiponectin have been associated with less disease. (news-medical.net)
- The Cincinnati Children's researchers analyzed samples of human milk collected from anonymous donor mothers as part of the Research Human Milk Bank at Cincinnati Children's and found levels of adiponectin that were "quite high -- higher than many proteins found in human milk," says Lisa Martin, PhD , the study's lead author. (news-medical.net)
- Adiponectin levels, however, are substantially greater than leptin in human milk, according to Dr. Martin, a researcher in the Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Cincinnati Children's and in the Division of Human Genetics . (news-medical.net)
- the impact of interventional studies on adiponectin levels and markers of cardiometabolic risk is also addressed. (intechopen.com)
- A trend was observed for decreased adiponectin levels in BE vs controls while leptin levels showed no correlation. (ovid.com)
Positively associated4
- 25(OH)D levels are positively associated with CRF and negatively associated with different measures of adiposity in AA men and women. (nih.gov)
- Adiposity measures were positively associated with consumption of meat/poultry, fish, snack food, sweeteners, diet soft drinks, and frequenting fast food restaurants, and inversely associated with consumption of whole grains and green tea. (mdpi.com)
- a high score of the dietary inflammation index was positively associated with CRP levels. (edu.au)
- Using path analysis, we found indirect effects of postnatal weight gain, through childhood adiposity, on all outcomes: Rate of postnatal weight for length gain was positively associated with childhood adiposity, which in turn was associated with unfavorable lipid and BP levels in early adolescence. (ahajournals.org)
Overweight4
- In both sexes, the most significant increase in adiposity levels occurred among the eutrophic group, followed by the overweight group and obese group. (celafiscs.org.br)
- The program was designed to address the declining levels of school-based physical education across the school district, where only 20% of middle school students were receiving daily physical education and more than 40% of middle school youth were considered overweight or obese (16). (cdc.gov)
- Despite policies and action plans put in place by countries at a global level, overweight continues to be a pressing public health issue and one of the key drivers of non-communicable diseases in OECD countries and beyond. (oecd-ilibrary.org)
- The differences in mean leptin levels between underweight and overweight males (P = 0.006), as well as between healthy-weight and overweight males (P = 0.011) were statistically significant. (wellnessresources.com)
Glucose intolerance3
- OBJECTIVE -To investigate the association between stature-related measurements (height, leg length, and leg length-to-height ratio) and adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. (diabetesjournals.org)
- We, therefore, analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) ( 23 ) to test the hypothesis that shorter height and leg length, and lower leg length-to-height ratio, are independently associated with greater likelihood of adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in the general U.S. adult population. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The epidemic can be sustained and augmented through transgenerational transmission of adiposity and glucose intolerance in women. (biomedcentral.com)
Changes in adiposity2
- Abstract - The aim of this study was to analyze changes in adiposity levels over a 30-year period in schoolchildren according to nutritional status. (celafiscs.org.br)
- We investigated whether the FGF21 genotype modified effects of weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient intake on changes in adiposity in a 2-year randomized diet intervention trial. (diabetesjournals.org)
Increase in adiposity2
- Results showed an increase in adiposity levels over a 30-year period, even with nutritional status control. (celafiscs.org.br)
- The influence of the initial measures of energy expenditure and fitness on the subsequent rate of increase in adiposity was examined, adjusting for initial body composition, age, ethnicity, gender, and Tanner stage. (aappublications.org)
Differences in adiposity1
- OBJECTIVE: To examine race and sex differences in adiposity measured by DXA in a large sample of young children and to identify both micro- and macro-level correlates of adiposity. (elsevier.com)
Skinfold5
- The subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, WC, and BMI were measured to assess adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were assessed by measuring systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high density (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Dichotomous variables were created based on whether or not the subjects were in the upper quartile (Q4) for the WC, BMI, and skinfold variables. (elsevier.es)
- The subscapular skinfold was the adiposity marker associated to the highest risk. (elsevier.es)
- Infant adiposity gain was calculated from skinfold thickness at birth and 6 months. (bmj.com)
- Primary and secondary outcome measures and analysis Adiposity measures including skinfold thickness were compared by sex at baseline and follow-up. (bmj.com)
- Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness:BMI (subcutaneous to overall fat) in detecting excess adiposity in preadolescent urban South African school children. (uwi.edu)
Newborn Adiposity2
- We investigated if maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) and newborn adiposity, were associated with fetal autonomic nervous development as indicated by fetal heart rate variability (HRV) and newborn behavior. (ku.edu)
- Further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of maternal and fetal/newborn adiposity on fetal neurodevelopment. (ku.edu)
INFANT ADIPOSITY3
- If this relation is causal, it may be mediated through factors associated with maternal adiposity, such as fetal development, pregnancy complications or infant adiposity. (bmj.com)
- Infant adiposity gain was associated with persistent wheeze, but not significantly. (bmj.com)
- Adjusting for infant adiposity gain or BMI at 3 or 6 years did not reduce the association between maternal adiposity and transient wheeze. (bmj.com)
Higher adiposity2
- Collectively, our results shown that most of the dancers were eutrophic, but the female dancers had higher adiposity and presented a strong desire for a different shape. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Children born at term who had at least 1 obese parent and who experienced faster weight gain in the first 2 years of life had higher adiposity at ages 8 to 10 years, which in turn predicted worse fasting lipid and blood pressure levels 2 years later. (ahajournals.org)
Measure adiposity2
- Of the 95 meta-analyses that included cohort studies and used a continuous scale to measure adiposity, only 12 (13%) associations for nine cancers were supported by strong evidence. (bmj.com)
- However, only 95 of the meta-analyses used cohort studies that used a continuous scale to measure adiposity , such as body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio. (thefreedictionary.com)
Predictors5
- To evaluate the predictive ability of adiposity indicators as MetS predictors in elderly individuals. (scielo.br)
- To determinate the relationship between different rates of physical activity and adiposity predictors in male and female adolescents. (scielo.br)
- As adiposity predictors, the BMI, the body fat percentage, and the waist/hip relation were measured. (scielo.br)
- The different rates of physical activity demonstrated a significant correlation with the adiposity predictors, except for the waist/hip relation in girls. (scielo.br)
- Adiposity and age are the strongest predictors of VO 2 max in healthy men. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Significantly8
- Change in FABP4 level was positively correlated with change in levels of fasting glucose (r = 0.329, P = 0.044), HbA1c (r = 0.329, P = 0.044) and noradrenaline (r = 0.329, P = 0.041) but was not significantly correlated with change in adiposity or other variables. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- At the same time, patients in the highest tertile of adiposity had a 35% higher relative risk for death compared with patients in the lowest tertile, and this association did not vary significantly by age, BMI, cancer stage, or estrogen receptor status, the researchers add. (medscape.com)
- However, two recent studies suggest that lower levels of DR are as effective in increasing life span as 40% DR. Our group showed that 10% DR significantly increased the life span of F344 rats to a level that was similar to the increase in life span observed with 40% DR (Richardson et al. (springer.com)
- showed that 40% DR significantly reduced and maintained the levels of plasma glucose and insulin at low levels throughout the life span of male F344 rats. (springer.com)
- 2007 ) showed that 40% DR significantly reduces plasma glucose and insulin levels in the male C57BL/6 mice. (springer.com)
- None of the measures of energy expenditure significantly predicted increasing adiposity in white or black children. (aappublications.org)
- Body mass index is significantly associated with relative fatness in childhood and adolescence, and is the most convenient way of measuring relative adiposity (14). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Following a mixed meal, post-prandial plasma insulin levels were significantly increased, with a concomitant significant reduction in plasma NEFA levels in both groups. (unboundmedicine.com)
Intra-abdominal4
- On the other hand, in both genders, fasting leptin levels were strongly associated with subcutaneous fat area ( r = 0.760) but not with intra-abdominal fat. (diabetesjournals.org)
- In line with these analyses, when LIS and LIR subjects were matched for subcutaneous fat area, age, and gender, they had similar leptin levels, whereas their intra-abdominal fat and insulin sensitivity remained different. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Thus, accumulation of intra-abdominal fat correlates with insulin resistance, whereas subcutaneous fat deposition correlates with circulating leptin levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
- New research released at the Congress from the INternational Study of Prediction of Intra-abdominal adiposity and its RElationships with cardioMEtabolic risk/Intra-Abdominal Adiposity (INSPIRE ME IAA) supports the ICCR's position. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cohort5
- The aim of this study was to examine diet quality among participants in the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (PATH) cohort and to assess the association with adiposity. (mdpi.com)
- Data synthesis Primary analysis focused on cohort studies exploring associations for continuous measures of adiposity. (bmj.com)
- Initial fat mass was the main predictor of increasing adiposity in this cohort of children, with greater initial fat predicting a higher rate of increase of adiposity. (aappublications.org)
- however, aerobic fitness was also a significant independent predictor of increasing adiposity in this cohort of children. (aappublications.org)
- Bisphenol A and Adiposity in an Inner-City Birth Cohort. (thefreedictionary.com)
Adolescence7
- The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, adiposity, physical activity, and fitness seem to be present in adolescence. (aappublications.org)
- 16-18 Maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) is one estimate of aerobic fitness that has been associated with lower levels of risk factors in a longitudinal study from adolescence to early adulthood. (aappublications.org)
- A 3-level longitudinal generalized lin- rates in European countries (9), declines in physical activity are ear mixed model was used to test the association of change in fit- steeper from childhood to adolescence in the United States com- ness composite percentile scores and 1-year lagged child-specific pared with declines in other nations (10). (cdc.gov)
- We examined whether birth weight for length relationship and weight gain up to 2 years of age are associated with lipid profiles and blood pressure ( BP ) in early adolescence and determined whether childhood adiposity mediates these associations. (ahajournals.org)
- Although heavier newborns may have lower BP in early adolescence, this protective direct effect could be offset by a deleterious indirect effect linking birth weight to later adiposity. (ahajournals.org)
- This raises the question of whether leptin levels in adolescence are indicative of adiposity-related cardiovascular risk. (luriechildrens.org)
- OBJECTIVE: This study investigated gender-specific patterns of plasma leptin during adolescence, assessed which adiposity measurements are most strongly associated with plasma leptin, and estimated to what degree leptin-adiposity associations are influenced by genetic factors. (luriechildrens.org)
Lipid levels3
- 6 Therefore, although it has been proven that among persons with diabetes who have lower A1C levels there are fewer deaths, heart attacks, and microvascular complications, there is not yet conclusive evidence that lowering A1C levels through exercise leads to a corresponding risk reduction in patient-oriented outcomes (a benefit that has been demonstrated for tight control of blood pressure and lipid levels in patients with diabetes). (aafp.org)
- Adiposity, lipid levels, and brief endurance training in nonobese adolescent males. (health.gov)
- Growth patterns throughout infancy, in particular small birth size for gestational age and rapid postnatal weight gain have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors in both children and young adults, including abnormal lipid levels and elevated BP. (ahajournals.org)
Assess5
- Studies have suggested the use of body measurements to assess adiposity [4, (scielo.br)
- The objective of MAASTHI is to prospectively assess the effects of glucose levels in pregnancy on the risk of adverse infant outcomes, especially in predicting the possible risk markers of later chronic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- The secondary objective is to assess the association between psychosocial environment of mothers and adverse neonatal outcomes including adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
- The aim of this study was to assess plasma levels of EC-SOD and to evaluate the relationship of the EC-SOD level with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. (semanticscholar.org)
- Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of BMI, and log10 SF4:BMI to detect excess adiposity. (uwi.edu)
Cardiovascular9
- The association of cardiovascular fitness with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels also remains to be addressed, especially for adolescents. (aappublications.org)
- Are there socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, and are they mediated by adiposity? (nature.com)
- Inequalities in other cardiovascular risk factors were partially mediated by adiposity. (nature.com)
- This study showed important socioeconomic inequalities in adiposity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in a contemporary UK population of 10-year-old children. (nature.com)
- Several epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials have shown that apoB concentration is a better marker of cardiovascular disease risk and response to lipid-lowering therapy than LDL cholesterol level [ 9 - 11 ]. (e-enm.org)
- Body fat (i.e., adiposity) in older adults who have good cardiovascular fitness, is a probable indicator of appetite. (hindawi.com)
- Outcomes of interest were body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), elevated blood pressure, and fitness levels evaluated by using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test and the sit-to-stand test. (cdc.gov)
- To examine the relationships between of four measures of adiposity, namely waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, with different cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. (elsevier.es)
- Children with a more unfavorable adiposity profile tend to have a greater cardiovascular risk in the prepubertal stage. (elsevier.es)
Neonatal1
- We measured triceps, biceps, subscapular and supra-iliac skinfolds and the sum of skinfolds was used for analysis representing overall neonatal adiposity. (ahajournals.org)
Risk15
- Although adiposity is a recognized risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, the inverse relationship between adiposity and vitamin D status has been not well established in the pediatric population, particularly among adolescents. (aappublications.org)
- CONTEXT: Recently, studies using a social ecological perspective have identified important micro- and macro-level risk factors for excessive adiposity in youth. (elsevier.com)
- If the latter is true these adiposity-related risk factors changes might mediate the association of childhood SEP with adult CHD. (nature.com)
- Sarcopenia, or low levels of skeletal muscle mass, is a highly prevalent though largely unrecognized risk factor for overall mortality in women with stage II and III nonmetastastic breast cancer , an observational study suggests. (medscape.com)
- Conversely, the risk for death was increased regardless of the level of total adiposity among patients with sarcopenia compared with patients with no sarcopenia and low total adiposity levels. (medscape.com)
- Objective To evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence for the association between adiposity and risk of developing or dying from cancer. (bmj.com)
- 4 In the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, a 1 percent lower A1C level was associated with a 21 percent lower risk of death related to diabetes, a 14 percent lower risk of myocardial infarction, and a 37 percent lower risk of microvascular complications. (aafp.org)
- Conclusion A lower neck shaft angle is a risk factor for, and adiposity is associated with, GTPS in women. (bmj.com)
- Our results suggest that even in a very lean population (average BMI = 21.9), abdominal adiposity may be associated with an increased risk of clinical prostate cancer, pointing to a role of hormones in prostate cancer etiology. (aacrjournals.org)
- Two male study groups were enrolled to characterize adiposity or hypertriglyceridemia showing that these men were at baseline risk for hypertension . (scirp.org)
- Vasan, R.S. (2005) Rela-tive importance of borderline and elevated levels of coronary heart disease risk factors. (scirp.org)
- Aggregation of cardiometabolic risk factors is already observed at young ages, with a nonlinear association with enhancement of adiposity. (intechopen.com)
- Among the men with the highest levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood, there was a 72% reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death when compared to the men with the lowest levels of these substances in their blood (Albert et al. (lifeextension.com)
- Are definitions of adiposity appropriate for identification of CVD risk in South Asian populations? (reading.ac.uk)
- Men and women whose diet score, physical activity level, smoking status, and alcohol use were all in the low-risk group had ORs for diabetes of 0.61 (CI, 0.56 to 0.66) and 0.43 (CI, 0.34 to 0.55), respectively. (annals.org)
Anthropometric2
- We also tested for correlations between the anthropometric measures for adiposity and blood cytokine levels. (ecu.edu)
- An adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that being in Q4 of anthropometric variables and CVRFs was associated to TG levels ≥ 100 mg/dL. (elsevier.es)
Associations6
- Associations of VO2max and adiposity were analyzed. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Our results suggest that associations of ambient PM exposures with newborn size and adiposity differ between white British and Pakistani origin infants. (nih.gov)
- Our findings do not support direct associations of birth weight for length and postnatal weight gain up to 2 years of age on fasting lipid or blood pressure levels, independent of childhood adiposity, with the exception of diastolic blood pressure. (ahajournals.org)
- Associations between plasma leptin and several adiposity measurements were examined using generalized estimating equations. (luriechildrens.org)
- In females, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), and percentage body fat (%BF) had similar associations with leptin levels. (luriechildrens.org)
- No associations were observed for TEAC, TBARS, or OSS with any adiposity measure. (cdc.gov)
Expenditure2
- For the physical activity rates, the total energy expenditure (TEE), the habitual physical activity level (HPAL), the physical activity level (PAL) and the activity energy expenditure (AEE) were calculated through the Bouchard questionnaire and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) was determined through the Schofield-HW equation. (scielo.br)
- Resting, total, or activity-related energy expenditure did not predict increasing adiposity. (aappublications.org)
Findings3
- We hypothesized that surgically induced IUGR combined with an HFD would increase adiposity and glucocorticoids more than in non-IUGR offspring combined with the same HFD, findings that would persist despite weaning to a regular diet. (cambridge.org)
- The findings also corroborate evidence that adiposity determines leptin levels. (wellnessresources.com)
- Our findings underscored the importance of further investigation of leptin as a biomarker of adiposity in adolescents. (luriechildrens.org)
Waist6
- Measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent body fat (%fat) via skinfolds, CRF via a maximal treadmill test, and 25(OH)D. Participants were classified by CRF based on age and sex, as well as by clinical categories of adiposity exposures and 25(OH)D. We examined trends of 25(OH)D across CRF and adiposity categories. (nih.gov)
- The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of adiposity, measured by body mass index (BMI), sagittal diameter, and waist/hip ratio, and blood cytokine (IL-6, TNFα, and CRP) levels in MI recurrence. (ecu.edu)
- Body Mass Index, Waist-Hip Ratio, Waist-Height Ratio, Conicity Index and Body Adiposity Index were calculated. (scielo.br)
- Weight status and adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) were measured. (edu.au)
- Adding to previous work, we found higher levels of central, peripheral and central-to-peripheral adiposity in Pakistani and Bangladeshi girls compared to boys, despite having a similar body mass index and waist circumference. (bmj.com)
- In males, %BF and FMI were more strongly associated with leptin levels than body mass index and waist circumference. (luriechildrens.org)
Body11
- Analyzed variables were: body mass (kg), height (cm) and adiposity levels (mm). (celafiscs.org.br)
- However, it is unclear whether apoB levels predict future hypertension independent of body composition and insulin sensitivity. (e-enm.org)
- Two research papers published online today in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed two parts of the relationship between body weight and vitamin D levels. (dsm.com)
- Thus in the population, of healthy and fit older adults, an increase in body fat suggesting good appetite might relate to higher levels of cognitive function. (hindawi.com)
- First, despite evidence that exercise reduces adiposity in patients with type 2 diabetes, exercise should not be recommended as a primary means for weight loss (particularly short-term weight loss) because of the lack of a short-term net reduction in body mass index. (aafp.org)
- Baseline levels of abdominal, gynoid and total body fat were measured by DXA. (diva-portal.org)
- A commonly used body composition model organizes the body to five levels of increasing complexity: from atomic to molecular, cellular, tissue-system, and whole body. (encyclopedia.com)
- At the atomic level, the body is made up of chemical elements essential for life. (encyclopedia.com)
- Two alternate groupings of these components used to describe body composition at the molecular level are the division of the body into a fluid and a dry component. (encyclopedia.com)
- The whole body level of organization involves physical characteristics, such as body size and shape. (encyclopedia.com)
- Compared with ob / ob mice, double-null animals had increased basal body temperature, improved response to cold exposure, lower plasma glucocorticoid levels, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1). (pnas.org)
Inflammation2
- All three levels of DR showed reduced adiposity, increased expression of genes involved in fat turnover, and a reduction in the expression for markers of inflammation. (springer.com)
- In a few in lab studies, it has been shown to reduce inflammation and levels of certain enzymes that produce estrogen. (mskcc.org)
Participants1
Inversely associated1
- The energy expended in moderate and vigorous physical activities is inversely associated with adiposity. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
High13
- A systematic review of studies in contemporary populations of children from high-income countries found that most studies show socioeconomic differentials in adiposity, with those from more deprived socioeconomic backgrounds being more adipose. (nature.com)
- Dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and by reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 [ 7 ]. (e-enm.org)
- CRP levels were measured using a high-sensitivity (hs) immunoassay. (edu.au)
- they should be concerned about a woman's muscle level as it is as important a prognosticator as high adiposity for survival," Caan emphasized. (medscape.com)
- Konty KJ, Larkin M, Saha S, Wyka K. Individual-Level Fitness ant impact on child absenteeism over time, particularly in high- and Absenteeism in New York City Middle School Youths, need subgroups. (cdc.gov)
- Third, reductions in A1C levels were noted across a wide range of activity levels-from low-intensity, once-weekly qigong to high-intensity progressive resistance training. (aafp.org)
- 4 , 5 Among Canadian children and youth, it is estimated that 4% have high or borderline blood pressure (BP) 6 and 35% have unfavorable levels of total cholesterol. (ahajournals.org)
- Mean leptin levels were more than twice as high in females than in males of corresponding weight status, especially among females of healthy weight who exhibited levels that were 5.7 times higher. (wellnessresources.com)
- Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a secretory glycoprotein located in blood vessel walls at high levels and may be important in the antioxidant capability of vascular walls. (semanticscholar.org)
- High-fructose diet decreases catalase mRNA levels in rat tissues. (semanticscholar.org)
- Thus, as a result of high leptin levels interacting with its receptor and modulating the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the activity of transcription factors important for steroidogenic genes expressions may be inhibited in Leydig cells. (deepdyve.com)
- Our results suggest that STAT transcriptional activity is downregulated by high levels of leptin, leading to reduced cAMP-dependent steroidogenic genes (Star and Cyp11a1) expressions in MA-10 Leydig cells. (deepdyve.com)
- Similar to other studies, although with varying degrees, the present study confirms that log10 SF4:BMI at conventional cut-off points has a relatively high sensitivity and specificity in detecting excess adiposity, and therefore could be used to identify the excess adiposity in South African children. (uwi.edu)
Outcomes1
Measures4
- We calculated OR with 95% CIs for 25(OH)D deficiency across categories of CRF and adiposity measures. (nih.gov)
- Of the three cytokines studied, only CRP had a significant correlation with the measures of adiposity. (ecu.edu)
- Gains in adiposity measures were compared between control and intervention arms in boys and in girls. (bmj.com)
- Adiposity measures and oxidative stress among police officers. (cdc.gov)
Adults2
- 2 , 8 , 9 A direct relationship between physical activity levels and vitamin D metabolism has been recognized in adults, although the data are inconsistent. (aappublications.org)
- 75 yrs of age), levels of fasting ghrelin were lower than similar age nonfrail older adults. (hindawi.com)
Type 2 Diabet2
- ED is a common symptom in patients with type 2 diabetes who also have low testosterone levels. (nature.com)
- A 65-year-old woman with new-onset type 2 diabetes and an A1C level of 8 percent wants to know if she can control her diabetes without taking medications or insulin. (aafp.org)
