Leukocytes mononuclear. Medical search

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, and culminating in the destruction of invading pathogens. The stimulatory substances, including opsonized particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on the neutrophil.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that serves as a homing receptor for lymphocytes to lymph node high endothelial venules.

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.

A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

Transmembrane proteins consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that are homologous to complement regulatory proteins. They are important cell adhesion molecules which help LEUKOCYTES attach to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM.

The transfer of leukocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.

A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.

An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.

Enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of arachidonic acid to hydroperoxyarachidonates. These products are then rapidly converted by a peroxidase to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The positional specificity of the enzyme reaction varies from tissue to tissue. The final lipoxygenase pathway leads to the leukotrienes. EC 1.13.11.- .

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.

Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.

Cells that can carry out the process of PHAGOCYTOSIS.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates neutrophil, monocyte, and memory T-cell adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells. E-selectin recognizes sialylated carbohydrate groups related to the Lewis X or Lewis A family.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 5-hydroperoxyarachidonate (5-HPETE) which is rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate (5-HETE). The 5-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in leukocytes.

5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A large increase in oxygen uptake by neutrophils and most types of tissue macrophages through activation of an NADPH-cytochrome b-dependent oxidase that reduces oxygen to a superoxide. Individuals with an inherited defect in which the oxidase that reduces oxygen to superoxide is decreased or absent (GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC) often die as a result of recurrent bacterial infections.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C; (CHEMOKINES, C); CC; (CHEMOKINES, CC); and CXC; (CHEMOKINES, CXC); according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.82, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Assays that measure the rate of migration of LEUKOCYTES. They may involve a variety of techniques such as measuring the movement of leukocytes through substrates such as AGAROSE gels or the rate of exit of cells from a glass capillary.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.

C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C5 is cleaved by C5 CONVERTASE into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. The smaller fragment C5a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of inflammatory process. The major fragment C5b binds to the membrane initiating the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, p154)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

An integrin heterodimer widely expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. CD11A ANTIGEN comprises the alpha chain and the CD18 antigen (ANTIGENS, CD18) the beta chain. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 is a major receptor of T-CELLS; B-CELLS; and GRANULOCYTES. It mediates the leukocyte adhesion reactions underlying cytolytic conjugate formation, helper T-cell interactions, and antibody-dependent killing by NATURAL KILLER CELLS and granulocytes. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 has been defined as a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY.

A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.

A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. Since N-formyl peptides are found in MITOCHONDRIA and BACTERIA, this class of receptors is believed to play a role in mediating cellular responses to cellular damage and bacterial invasion. However, non-formylated peptide ligands have also been found for this receptor class.

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. EC 3.4.21.36.

The cells found in the body fluid circulating throughout the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Exudates are fluids, CELLS, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from BLOOD VESSELS usually from inflamed tissues. Transudates are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE of TISSUES. Transudates are thin and watery and contain few cells or PROTEINS.

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Eicosatetraenoic acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from arachidonic acid to a number of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.

An integrin alpha subunit that is unique in that it does not contain an I domain, and its proteolytic cleavage site is near the middle of the extracellular portion of the polypeptide rather than close to the membrane as in other integrin alpha subunits.

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.

Trihydroxy derivatives of eicosanoic acids. They are primarily derived from arachidonic acid, however eicosapentaenoic acid derivatives also exist. Many of them are naturally occurring mediators of immune regulation.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

The passage of cells across the layer of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, i.e., the ENDOTHELIUM; or across the layer of EPITHELIAL CELLS, i.e. the EPITHELIUM.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils but not monocytes.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Test for cell-mediated antitumor immunity and related serum blocking factors based on the finding that leukocytes from cancer patients, but not from controls, when mixed in vitro with antigenic extracts of tumors of the same histological type, undergo a diminution in their normal adherence to glass surfaces. Sera from tumor-bearing patients block the LAI reaction of their own leukocytes or those of other patients with the same type of tumor.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Family of proteins associated with the capacity of LEUKOCYTES to adhere to each other and to certain substrata, e.g., the C3bi component of complement. Members of this family are the LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; (LFA-1), the MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; (Mac-1), and the INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2 or p150,95 leukocyte adhesion protein. They all share a common beta-subunit which is the CD18 antigen. All three of the above antigens are absent in inherited LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, which is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, impaired pus formation, and wound healing as well as abnormalities in a wide spectrum of adherence-dependent functions of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid cells.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.

The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the STOMACH. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of Winslow, or epiploic foramen.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally commensal in the flora of CATTLE and SHEEP. But under conditions of physical or PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS, it can cause MASTITIS in sheep and SHIPPING FEVER or ENZOOTIC CALF PNEUMONIA in cattle. Its former name was Pasteurella haemolytica.

A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implicated as a oncogenic factor in several tumor types.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.

Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during differentiation. Analysis of their reactivity in normal and malignant myelomonocytic cells is useful in identifying and classifying human leukemias and lymphomas.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Molecules on the surface of some B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q, and C4b components of complement.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Protein of the annexin family exhibiting lipid interaction and steroid-inducibility.

A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchouc. Latex is composed of 25-35% caoutchouc, 60-75% water, 2% protein, 2% resin, 1.5% sugar & 1% ash. RUBBER is made by the removal of water from latex.(From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). Hevein proteins are responsible for LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY. Latexes are used as inert vehicles to carry antibodies or antigens in LATEX FIXATION TESTS.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).

Tetraspanin proteins found at high levels in cells of the lymphoid-myeloid lineage. CD53 antigens may be involved regulating the differentiation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and the activation of B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

Abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. This acute syndrome requires aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukophoresis. It is differentiated from LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION which is a neoplastic process where leukemic cells invade organs.

Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.

An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

A sialic acid-rich protein and an integral cell membrane mucin. It plays an important role in activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES.

Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class primarily found in PLANTS. It catalyzes reactions between linoleate and other fatty acids and oxygen to form hydroperoxy-fatty acid derivatives.

A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. Chemokine CCL5 is specific for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR3 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS. The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted.

INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A class of cell surface leukotriene receptors with a preference for leukotriene B4. Leukotriene B4 receptor activation influences chemotaxis, chemokinesis, adherence, enzyme release, oxidative bursts, and degranulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. There are at least two subtypes of these receptors. Some actions are mediated through the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.

Dysregulated production of interleukin-8 in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1/8845)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in vivo was monitored in four study groups: normal blood donors, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and dually infected (HIV/TB) patients. We show that whereas there was evidence of detectable levels of cell-associated IL-8 (mRNA and protein) in peripheral cells of healthy individuals, this was largely lost in the disease states studied. Coupled with this finding was significantly increased circulating levels of IL-8 in HIV-1-infected individuals with or without concomitant pulmonary TB (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the capacity of peripheral mononuclear cells to produce IL-8 spontaneously ex vivo was enhanced in HIV-1 and TB patients (P < 0.05) and many of the HIV/TB group, but their corresponding capacities to respond to various stimuli, in particular phytohemagglutinin, were significantly diminished compared to those of normal donors (P < 0.05). Circulating levels of IL-8 in a group of HIV/TB patients were significantly positively correlated with the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the peripheral circulation (r = 0.65; P = 0.01), the proportions of IL-8 receptor A (IL-8RA)-expressing (r = 0.86; P < 0.01) and IL-8RB-expressing (r = 0.77; P < 0.01) PMN, and the capacity of PMN to migrate in response to IL-8 as chemoattractant (r = 0.68; P < 0. 01). IL-8RB fluorescence intensity, however, was negatively correlated with plasma IL-8 levels (r = -0.73; P < 0.01). Our results suggest that altered regulation of IL-8 in HIV-1 may have important implications for antimicrobial defenses and for normal immune processes. (+info)

Fas and Fas ligand interaction induces apoptosis in inflammatory myopathies: CD4+ T cells cause muscle cell injury directly in polymyositis. (2/8845)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of the Fas/Fas ligand (Fas/FasL) system in the inflammatory myopathies. METHODS: Frozen muscle sections obtained from 7 patients with polymyositis (PM), 4 patients with dermatomyositis (DM), and 3 controls were studied by immunochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by DNA electrophoresis and in situ labeling using the TUNEL method. RESULTS: Fas was detected on muscle fibers and infiltrating mononuclear cells (MNC) in 6 PM patients and 2 DM patients. FasL was expressed mainly on CD4+ T cells and some CD8+ T cells, and on macrophages surrounding Fas-positive muscles in 4 PM patients and 1 DM patient. In 3 of the 5 patients with FasL-positive MNC, the TUNEL method showed that both invaded myonuclei and MNC underwent apoptosis. Chromosomal DNA from the muscle tissue of these patients showed ladder formation. CONCLUSION: Fas/FasL is involved in muscle cell apoptosis in at least 2 of the inflammatory myopathies, PM and DM. Although CD8+-mediated cytotoxicity is thought to be the main mechanism of muscle injury in PM, our data suggest that CD4+ T cells also directly cause muscle cell damage. (+info)

Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor is not increased during relapses of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. (3/8845)

BACKGROUND: An uncharacterized circulating factor that increases vascular permeability has previously been described in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). The aim of this study was to determine whether this factor is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the recently described endothelial cell mitogen and enhancer of vascular permeability. METHODS: Plasma and urine VEGF levels were measured in children with SSNS in both relapse and remission and in normal age- and sex-matched controls. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies investigating VEGF mRNA expression were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from children with SSNS in relapse and controls. In two experimental models (one-hour and three-day follow-up postinfusion), Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously administered 50 microg rVEGF to determine whether this induced either proteinuria or glomerular histologic change. RESULTS: Plasma VEGF levels and urine VEGF/creatinine ratios were not elevated in SSNS relapse compared with remission and control samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell VEGF mRNA expression was no different in SSNS patients compared with controls. The administration of VEGF to rats induced an acute reversible fall in systemic blood pressure but did not result in the development of either proteinuria or glomerular histologic change. CONCLUSION: Increased circulating VEGF levels are not responsible for the proteinuria observed during relapses of SSNS. Further studies are warranted to investigate intrarenal VEGF expression. (+info)

Presentation of renal tumor antigens by human dendritic cells activates tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes against autologous tumor: implications for live kidney cancer vaccines. (4/8845)

The clinical impact of dendritic cells (DCs) in the treatment of human cancer depends on their unique role as the most potent antigen-presenting cells that are capable of priming an antitumor T-cell response. Here, we demonstrate that functional DCs can be generated from peripheral blood of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by culture of monocytes/macrophages (CD14+) in autologous serum containing medium (RPMI) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL) 4. For testing the capability of RCC-antigen uptake and processing, we loaded these DCs with autologous tumor lysate (TuLy) using liposomes, after which cytometric analysis of the DCs revealed a markedly increased expression of HLA class I antigen and a persistent high expression of class II. The immunogenicity of DC-TuLy was further tested in cultures of renal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) cultured in low-dose IL-2 (20 Biologic Response Modifier Program units/ml). A synergistic effect of DC-TuLy and IL-2 in stimulating a T cell-dependent immune response was demonstrated by: (a) the increase of growth expansion of TILs (9.4-14.3-fold; day 21); (b) the up-regulation of the CD3+ CD56- TcR+ (both CD4+ and CD8+) cell population; (c) the augmentation of T cell-restricted autologous tumor lysis; and (d) the enhancement of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-6 mRNA expression by TILs. Taken together, these data implicate that DC-TuLy can activate immunosuppressed TIL via an induction of enhanced antitumor CTL responses associated with production of Thl cells. This indicates a potential role of DC-TuLy vaccines for induction of active immunity in patients with advanced RCC. (+info)

Gene expression, synthesis, and secretion of interleukin 18 and interleukin 1beta are differentially regulated in human blood mononuclear cells and mouse spleen cells. (5/8845)

Interleukin (IL)-18, formerly called interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducing factor, is biologically and structurally related to IL-1beta. A comparison of gene expression, synthesis, and processing of IL-18 with that of IL-1beta was made in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in human whole blood. Similar to IL-1beta, the precursor for IL-18 requires processing by caspase 1. In PBMCs, mature but not precursor IL-18 induces IFN-gamma; in whole human blood stimulated with endotoxin, inhibition of caspase 1 reduces IFN-gamma production by an IL-1beta-independent mechanism. Unlike the precursor for IL-1beta, precursor for IL-18 was expressed constitutively in PBMCs and in fresh whole blood from healthy human donors. Western blotting of endotoxin-stimulated PBMCs revealed processed IL-1beta in the supernatants via an caspase 1-dependent pathway. However, in the same supernatants, only unprocessed precursor IL-18 was found. Unexpectedly, precursor IL-18 was found in freshly obtained PBMCs and constitutive IL-18 gene expression was present in whole blood of healthy donors, whereas constitutive IL-1beta gene expression is absent. Similar to human PBMCs, mouse spleen cells also constitutively contained the preformed precursor for IL-18 and expressed steady-state IL-18 mRNA, but there was no IL-1beta protein and no spontaneous gene expression for IL-1beta in these same preparations. We conclude that although IL-18 and IL-1beta are likely members of the same family, constitutive gene expression, synthesis, and processing are different for the two cytokines. (+info)

Manipulation of the type of fat consumed by growing pigs affects plasma and mononuclear cell fatty acid compositions and lymphocyte and phagocyte functions. (6/8845)

To investigate the immunological effect of feeding pigs different dietary lipids, 3-wk-old, weaned pigs were fed for 40 d on one of five diets, which differed only in the type of oil present (the oil contributed 5% by weight of the diet and the total fat content of the diets was 8% by weight). The oils used were soybean (control diet), high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO), sunflower oil (SO), canola oil (CO), and fish oil (FO; rich in long-chain [n-3] polyunsaturared fatty acids). There were no significant differences in initial or final animal weights, weight gains, or health scores among the groups. There were no significant differences in the concentration of anti-Escherichia coli vaccine antibodies in the gut lumens of pigs fed the different diets. The fatty acid composition of the diet markedly affected the fatty acid composition of the plasma and of mononuclear cells (a mixture of lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages) prepared from the blood, lymph nodes, or thymus. The FO feeding resulted in a significant increase in the number of circulating granulocytes. The FO feeding significantly decreased the proportion of phagocytes engaged in uptake of E. coli and decreased the activity of those phagocytes that were active. The proliferation of lymphocytes in cultures of whole blood from pigs fed the HOSO, SO, or FO diets was less than in those from pigs fed the CO diet. Proliferation of lymph node lymphocytes from SO- or FO-fed pigs was less than that from control, CO-, or HOSO-fed pigs. The natural killer cell activity of blood lymphocytes from pigs fed the FO diet was significantly reduced compared with those from pigs fed the CO diet. The concentration of PGE2 in the medium of cultured blood, lymph node, or thymic mononuclear cells was lower if the cells came from pigs fed the FO diet. Thus, the type of oil included in the diet of growing pigs affects the numbers and functional activities of immune cells in different body compartments. (+info)

Human herpesviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome. (7/8845)

We have conducted a double-blind study to assess the possible involvement of the human herpesviruses (HHVs) HHV6, HHV7, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients compared to age-, race-, and gender-matched controls. The CFS patient population was composed of rigorously screened civilian and Persian Gulf War veterans meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's CFS case definition criteria. Healthy control civilian and veteran populations had no evidence of CFS or any other exclusionary medical or psychiatric condition. Patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by PCR for the presence of these HHVs. Using two-tailed Fisher's exact test analyses, we were unable to ascertain any statistically significant differences between the CFS patient and control populations in terms of the detection of one or more of these viruses. This observation was upheld when the CFS populations were further stratified with regard to the presence or absence of major axis I psychopathology and patient self-reported gradual versus acute onset of disease. In tandem, we performed serological analyses of serum anti-EBV and anti-HHV6 antibody titers and found no significant differences between the CFS and control patients. (+info)

Quantitative analysis of constitutive and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cytochrome P450 1B1 expression in human lymphocytes. (8/8845)

Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) results in a broad spectrum of biological responses, including altered metabolism, disruption of normal hormone signaling pathways, reproductive and developmental effects, and cancer. Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is a dioxin-inducible gene that is active in the formation of 4-hydroxyestradiol, a potentially genotoxic catechol estrogen. Therefore, the analysis of CYP1B1 in humans may be useful in establishing relationships between dioxin exposure and adverse health effects. In this study, we examined the expression of CYP1B1 in human peripheral blood lymphocytes of unexposed individuals using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method. Absolute CYP1B1 RNA levels varied more than 30-fold in uncultured mononuclear cells obtained from 10 individuals. In vitro treatment of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes with TCDD for 1-5 days of culture resulted in a peak induction of CYP1B1 after 3 days. The induction of CYP1B1 RNA levels after 3 days of culture was dose-dependent, exhibited a maximum response above 10 nM TCDD, and varied greatly among different individuals. However, the half maximal dose required for this induction was similar between individuals and comparable to that observed in the MCF-7 and HepG2 human cell lines. These observations indicate that CYP1B1 exhibits variable constitutive expression and is inducible in vitro by TCDD in human lymphocytes and that the magnitude of induction varies within the population. These data define the suitability of CYP1B1 for use as a mechanistically based biomarker in ongoing molecular epidemiological studies of human populations exposed to dioxins and related chemicals that bind the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor. (+info)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell. *Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. References[edit]. *^ Mohammadi, H.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_blood_cell

"Cytokine induction of interleukin-24 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 78 (3): 745-52 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_24

... an inhibitory receptor present on mononuclear leukocytes. This gene maps to a region of 19q13.4, termed the leukocyte receptor ... a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes". Immunity. 7 (2): 283-90. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00) ... Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAIR2 gene. The protein ... "Entrez Gene: LAIR2 leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2". Lebbink RJ, van den Berg MC, de Ruiter T, et al. (2008 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAIR2

... a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes". Immunity. 7 (2): 283-90. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00) ... Xu Mj, Zhao R, Zhao ZJ (June 2000). "Identification and characterization of leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 as a major ... is constitutively associated with the SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein, SLP-76, in B cells". J. Exp. Med. 184 (2): 457- ... "Constitutive association of SHP-1 with leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 in human T cells". J. Immunol. 166 (3): 1763-70 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPN6

... a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes". Immunity. 7 (2): 283-90. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPN11

... a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes". Immunity. 7 (2): 283-90. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00) ... The gene maps to a region of 19q13.4 called the leukocyte receptor cluster, which contains at least 29 genes encoding leukocyte ... Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAIR1 gene. LAIR1 has also ... "Entrez Gene: LAIR1 leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1". van der Vuurst de Vries AR, Clevers H, Logtenberg T, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAIR1

"Metabolism of procainamide to a hydroxylamine by human neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes". Chem Res Toxicol. 1 (1): 74-8. ... ISBN 978-0-8385-0561-8. Hofstra A, Matassa L, Uetrecht J (1991). "Metabolism of hydralazine by activated leukocytes: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug-induced_lupus_erythematosus

"Metabolism of procainamide to a hydroxylamine by human neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes". Chemical Research in Toxicology ... These metabolites are formed due to the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These leukocytes release myeloperoxidase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide

PBMC layers contain mononuclear cells that have been depleted of red blood cells, leukocytes and granulocytes. Biopanning, ... Methods include the following: Density centrifugation, which isolates a population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiments_in_immunology

CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes along with other mononuclear leukocytes (their exact function regarding the topic is not known) ... These products are recognized by T-lymphocytes and other mononuclear leukocytes which infiltrate the graft and damage it. Blood ... donor cells are coated with alloantibodies that initiate phagocytosis through Fc receptors of mononuclear leukocytes. Mechanism ... Curr Opin Organ Transplant 15(4):531-536 Fang Li, Mary E. Atz, Elaine F. Reed (2009), Human leukocyte antigen antibodies in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloimmunity

... leukocytes are isolated using a blood cell separator in a process known as leukocyte apheresis. Peripheral blood mononuclear ... The products of leukocyte apheresis are then transferred to a cell-processing center. In the cell processing center, specific T ... The depletion of the number of circulating leukocytes in the patient upregulates the number of cytokines that are produced and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimeric_antigen_receptor_T_cell

Containing unilobar nuclei, these cells are one of the types of mononuclear leukocytes which shelter azurophil granules. The ... Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell. They are the largest type of leukocyte and can differentiate into ... Contrast to this classification occurs in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Monocytes compose 2% to 10% of all leukocytes in the ... They constitute between three and eight percent of the leukocytes in the blood. About half of the body's monocytes are stored ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte

CXCR7 influences leukocyte entry into the CNS parenchyma by controlling abluminal CXCL12 abundance during autoimmunity. Cruz- ... CXCL12 limits inflammation by localizing mononuclear infiltrates to the perivascular space during experimental autoimmune ... 2008 Feb 15;180(4):2641-9. Molecular targets for disrupting leukocyte trafficking during multiple sclerosis. McCandless EE, ... the first is through leukocytes infiltrating the brain and the second is through cytokines and chemokines directly affecting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robyn_S._Klein

Grube K, Bürkle A (Dec 1992). "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging

Grube K, Bürkle A (1992). "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates ... PARP activity measured in the permeabilized mononuclear leukocyte blood cells of thirteen mammalian species correlated with ... 5.1 years in peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and centenarians are younger (8.6 years) than expected based on their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centenarian

Grube K, Bürkle A (December 1992). "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal

PARP activity (which is mainly due to PARP1) measured in the permeabilized mononuclear leukocyte blood cells of thirteen ... Grube K, Bürkle A (December 1992). "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARP1

... mononuclear leukocytes). Glucocerebroside can collect in the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaucher's_disease

... expression in mitogen-stimulated blood mononuclear leukocytes, and sequence similarity to mouse competence gene JE". FEBS ... Hickman SE, El Khoury J (April 2010). "Mechanisms of mononuclear phagocyte recruitment in Alzheimer's disease". CNS & ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 60 (3): 365-71. doi:10.1002/jlb.60.3.365. PMID 8830793. S2CID 24481789. Mehrabian M, Sparkes RS, ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 68 (3): 303-10. PMID 10985244. Sell H, Eckel J (June 2007). "Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2

Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 74 (5): 952-8. doi:10.1189/jlb.0902474. PMID 12960249. S2CID 39107628. Lametschwandtner G, ... "Different antigens trigger different Th1/Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to T-bet/GATA-3 expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBX21

This distinguishes them from the mononuclear agranulocytes. The term polymorphonuclear leukocyte often refers specifically to " ... They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, PML, or PMNL) because of the varying shape of the nucleus, which is ... ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Gleich GJ, Adolphson CR (1986). "The Eosinophilic Leukocyte: ... Injured basophils and other leukocytes will release another substance called prostaglandins that contributes to an increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte

After a cat or other host is bitten by an infected tick the parasites infect mononuclear phagocytes. Within these they undergo ... asexual reproduction (schizonts). As these leukocytes become engorged with schizonts, they line the lumens of veins and may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytauxzoon

Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 66 (5): 822-8. doi:10.1002/jlb.66.5.822. PMID 10577515. Atedzoe, BN; Ahmad, A; Menezes, J (1997 ... "Modulatory effects of human herpes virus-7 on cytokine synthesis and cell proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_betaherpesvirus_7

... also mononuclear leukocytes, are one of the two types of white blood cells, also known as leukocytes. The other type of white ... Mononuclear cell infiltrates are characteristic of inflammatory lesions, where white blood cells, mainly macrophages and ... Ziff, M (1989). "Pathways of mononuclear cell infiltration in rheumatoid synovitis". Rheumatology International. 3 (5). PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agranulocyte

Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 66 (5): 822-8. PMID 10577515. Atedzoe, BN; Ahmad, A; Menezes, J (1997). "Enhancement of natural ... "Modulatory effects of human herpes virus-7 on cytokine synthesis and cell proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_herpesvirus_7

... showed that epithelioid cells are formed from blood mononuclear leukocytes. The main patterns of epithelioid cells formation ... The formation of epithelioid type cells was noted by Lewis M on the 2nd-3rd day of the cultivation of leukocytes. Later in a ... Maximow A "The Role of the Nong-ranular Blood Leukocytes in the Formation of the Tubercle", Journal Infectious Disease, 1925, ... 1972), referring to the work of Sutton J and Weiss L (1966), formally attributed epithelioid cells to the mononuclear phagocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelioid_cell

... dihydroxy acid from arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase-catalyzed double oxygenation in rat mononuclear cells and human leukocytes ... As such, it is a potent stimulator of leukocytes, particularly eosinophils, as well as other OXE1-bearing cells including MDA- ... Maas, R. L.; Brash, A. R.; Oates, J. A. (1981). "A second pathway of leukotriene biosynthesis in porcine leukocytes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid

... which are encircled by mononuclear leukocytes, forming granulomas. Usually the wound is closed surgically at this juncture, and ... Other leukocytes to enter the area include helper T cells, which secrete cytokines to cause more T cells to divide and to ... Moreover, it is thought that extensive injury to skin also promotes the early trafficking of a unique subclass of leukocytes ( ... Increased porosity of blood vessels also facilitates the entry of inflammatory cells like leukocytes into the wound site from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_healing

Due to the central role of leukocytes in the development and propagation of inflammation, defects in leukocyte functionality ... In general, acute inflammation is mediated by granulocytes, whereas chronic inflammation is mediated by mononuclear cells such ... Movement of leukocytes within the tissue via chemotaxis: Leukocytes reaching the tissue interstitium bind to extracellular ... which mediate the adhesion and further slow leukocytes down. These weakly bound leukocytes are free to detach if not activated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation

G-CSF has also been described to induce genetic changes in mononuclear cells of normal donors.[44] There is evidence that ... for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching (see PGD for HLA matching) in order to donate to an ill sibling requiring HSCT. ... the donor should preferably have the same human leukocyte antigens (HLA) as the recipient. About 25 to 30 percent of allogeneic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

DLC- (Differential leucocyte count): Number/ (%) of different type of leucocyte in per cubic mm. of blood. ... polymorphonuclear versus mononuclear) and by their cytoplasm granules (present or absent, or more precisely, visible on light ... The number of leukocytes in the blood is often an indicator of disease, and thus the white blood cell count is an important ... White blood cells (also called leukocytes or leucocytes and abbreviated as WBCs) are the cells of the immune system that are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

... neutropenia/myelodysplasia P14 deficiency Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2 Leukocyte ... Quantification of the different types of mononuclear cells in the blood (i.e. lymphocytes and monocytes): different groups of T ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_immunodeficiency

positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell. • positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular ... positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration. • MAPK cascade. • negative regulation of protein complex disassembly. • ... leukocyte tethering or rolling. • positive regulation of chemokine production. • cellular extravasation. • negative regulation ... leukocyte migration. • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway. • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

... making it susceptible to selective recognition by macrophages and subsequent phagocytosis in the mononuclear phagocyte system ( ... From left to right: human red blood cell, thrombocyte (platelet), leukocyte.. Human. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells

This distinguishes them from the mononuclear agranulocytes. In common parlance, the term polymorphonuclear leukocyte often ... Gleich, Gerald J.; Adolphson, Cheryl R. (1986). "The Eosinophilic Leukocyte: Structure and Function". Advances in Immunology ... Injured basophils and other leukocytes will release another substance called prostaglandins that contributes to an increased ... They are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN, PML, or PMNL) because of the varying shapes of the nucleus, which is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocytopenia

... acetylcholine receptor subtypes and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human mononuclear leukocytes and ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskarinski_acetilholinski_receptor_M3

This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria[6] ... TLR2 is also expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and subsets of lamina propria mononuclear cells in the gastrointestinal ... TLR2 is expressed on microglia, Schwann cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLR2

The epithelium on the margins of the ulcer shows spongiosis and there are many mononuclear cells in the basal third. There are ... and HLA-DR2 are examples of human leukocyte antigen types associated with aphthous stomatitis.[2][5] However, these HLA types ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphthous_stomatitis

... acetylcholine receptor subtypes and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human mononuclear leukocytes and ...

https://sh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskarinski_acetilholinski_receptor_M5

... polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates with species-specific life span". Proceedings ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARP1

In humans MHC is also called human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Though cytotoxic-crossmatch assay can predict rejection mediated by ... It is believed that the process of acute rejection is mediated by the cell mediated pathway, specifically by mononuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_rejection

Nong L, Newton C, Friedman H, Klein TW (2002). „CB1 and CB2 receptor mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear ... 1995). „Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations". Eur. ... Expression of Central and Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptors in Human Immune Tissues and Leukocyte Subpopulations". Eur J Biochem ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-el/Kanabinoidni_receptor_tip_2

Zen K, Parkos C (2003). "Leukocyte-epithelial interactions". Curr Opin Cell Biol. 15 (5): 557-64. PMID 14519390.. ... Langermans J, Hazenbos W, van Furth R (1994). "Antimicrobial functions of mononuclear phagocytes". J Immunol Methods. 174 (1-2 ... "Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in cervical mucus of women with normal menstrual cycle" ... "Presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human endometrium and first trimester decidua suggests an antibacterial ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_kekebalan_tubuh

... which are encircled by mononuclear leukocytes, forming granulomas. Usually the wound is closed surgically at this juncture, and ... Other leukocytes to enter the area include helper T cells, which secrete cytokines to cause more T cells to divide and to ... Increased porosity of blood vessels also facilitates the entry of inflammatory cells like leukocytes into the wound site from ... extensive injury to skin also promotes the early trafficking of a unique subclass of leukocytes (circulating fibrocytes) to the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_repair

It also results in profound activation of mononuclear cells and the production of potent effector cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 ... causing systemic leukocyte adhesion and diffuse alveolar capillary damage in the lung activation of the coagulation system, ... It was the result of significant activation of mononuclear cells and synthesis of effector cytokines. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_shock

It consists of connective tissue formed of reticular fibers, with various types of leukocytes, (white blood cells), mostly ... Mononuclear phagocyte system. *Waldemar Olszewski - discovered fundamental processes in human tissues connected with function ... The spleen is a center of activity of the mononuclear phagocyte system and can be considered analogous to a large lymph node, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoid_system

leukocyte migration. • signal transduction. • transdifferentiation. • negative regulation of neuron death. • cell-cell adhesion ... However, counting CD34+ mononuclear cells may overestimate myeloid blasts in bone marrow smears due to hematogones (B ... Leucocyte Typing III:White cell differentiation antigens.Oxford University Press 630-635.. ... Leucocyte typing 111: White cell differentiation antigens. Oxford University Press, 654-655.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

mononuclear Blood tests and imaging[edit]. If someone is suspected of having meningitis, blood tests are performed for markers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response. • cellular defense response. • cellular response to lipoteichoic acid. ... Binding Protein in Neutralization of LPS and Enhancement of LPS-Induced Activation of Mononuclear Cells". Infect. Immun. 69 (11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide-binding_protein

Deng agranulocyte (mononuclear leucocytes): Deng leukocyte a makikilala uling laltong ala lang binutil o granule king karelang ... Deng leukocyte a makapirmi (e maglakbe)[mag-edit , alilan ya ing pikuwanan]. Ating leukocyte a pupunta kareng tissue ning ... Deng leukocyte o korpuskulos a maputi, cell no ning immune system a mamingwa o magprotekta king katawan laban kareng sakit ibat ... 4.0 4.1 4.2 Alberts, Bruce (2005). Leukocyte functions and percentage breakdown. Molecular Biology of the Cell. NCBI Bookshelf ...

https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte

"Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 98 (4): 467-77. doi:10.1189/jlb.3HI0115-018R. PMC 4763864 . PMID 25934927.. ... These cells together as a group are known as the mononuclear phagocyte system and were previously known as the ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 65 (4): 492-8. doi:10.1002/jlb.65.4.492. PMID 10204578.. ... but all are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Besides phagocytosis, they play a critical role in nonspecific defense ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophages

"Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 98 (3): 319-32. doi:10.1189/jlb.4RI0115-006RR. PMC 4763596. PMID 26162402.. ... Langermans JA; Hazenbos WL; van Furth R (Sep 1994). "Antimicrobial functions of mononuclear phagocytes". Journal of ... Zen K; Parkos CA (Oct 2003). "Leukocyte-epithelial interactions". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 15 (5): 557-64. doi:10.1016/ ... King AE; Critchley HO; Kelly RW (Feb 2000). "Presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human endometrium and first ...

https://sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunski_sistem

Human and animal brucellosis share the persistence of the bacteria in tissues of the mononuclear phagocyte system, including ... in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes frequently predominate. The prognosis for brucellosis before the use of antibiotics had a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella

Nong L, Newton C, Friedman H, Klein TW (2002). "CB1 and CB2 receptor mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 75 (5): 884-92. doi:10.1189/jlb.1203638. PMID 14966196.. ... "Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations". European ... "Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations". European ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CB2_receptor

... avian reovirus was recovered from mononuclear, plasma, and erythrocyte cell fractions of blood within 30 hours of infection in ... which are expressed and activated/distributed by fibroblasts and leukocytes in response to infections. In an experiment where ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_reovirus

2001). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel type of histamine receptor preferentially expressed in leukocytes". J ... antagonists modify gene expression and biosynthesis of interferon gamma in peripheral human blood mononuclear cells and in CD19 ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histaminski_H1_receptor

serum nephrotoxic nephritis mesangial cell culture mononuclear leukocytes interleukin-1 I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical ... Interleukin-1 production by mononuclear leukocytes and mesangial cells in experimental nephrotoxic nephritis. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00840874

Depressed Mononuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Thermally Injured Patients. Leonard C. Altman, Clifton T. Furukawa, Seymour J. ... Depressed Mononuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Thermally Injured Patients. Leonard C. Altman, Clifton T. Furukawa, Seymour J. ... Depressed Mononuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Thermally Injured Patients Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to ... Depressed Mononuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Thermally Injured Patients. Leonard C. Altman, Clifton T. Furukawa and Seymour J ...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/119/1/199?ijkey=daf972a5b62d83466d2232341dca06689747cc94&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates with species-specific life ... By Western blot analysis of mononuclear leukocytes from 11 species, using a crossreactive antiserum directed against the ... Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates with species-specific life ... Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in mononuclear leukocytes of 13 mammalian species correlates with species-specific life ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/89/24/11759?ijkey=92ed27383609a077b863416a144a4ab28f93e645&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mononuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Colorectal Polyps. Ronald W. Pero, Marianne Ritchie, ... The mononuclear leukocytes from peripheral blood samples of individuals with (n = 30) and without (n = 48) colonic polyps were ... Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mononuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Colorectal Polyps. Ronald W. Pero, Marianne Ritchie, ... Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mononuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Colorectal Polyps. Ronald W. Pero, Marianne Ritchie, ...

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/45/7/3388

Membrane Fluidity Gradient is Altered in Diabetic Mononuclear Leukocytes. P Tong, T Thomas, R Wilkinson ... Membrane Fluidity Gradient is Altered in Diabetic Mononuclear Leukocytes Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to ...

http://www.clinsci.org/content/86/s30/18P.3

... Zhang, Wang KTH, School of Engineering ... microfluidic, mononuclear leukocytes isolation, HIV-1 reservoir National Category Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell ... In paper IV, a microfluidic chip was developed to simultaneously isolate these three mononuclear leukocyte cell types directly ... here a microfluidic chip-based method to capture and enrich the three mononuclear cells sub-population peripheral leukocyte sub ...

http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1283306

DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay: modifications of DNA damage levels ... DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay: modifications of DNA damage levels ... DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay: modifications of DNA damage levels ... DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay: modifications of DNA damage levels ...

https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/7/10/929

Myobacterium tuberculosis Induces Selective Up-Regulation of TLRs in the Mononuclear Leukocytes of Patients with Active ... Myobacterium tuberculosis Induces Selective Up-Regulation of TLRs in the Mononuclear Leukocytes of Patients with Active ... Myobacterium tuberculosis Induces Selective Up-Regulation of TLRs in the Mononuclear Leukocytes of Patients with Active ... Myobacterium tuberculosis Induces Selective Up-Regulation of TLRs in the Mononuclear Leukocytes of Patients with Active ...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/176/5/3010

Mononuclear Leukocytes and Chronic Inflammation Wednesday, October 1, 2003. Reading- Anatomy and Physiology- Neutrophils, (pp 6 ... Mononuclear Leukocytes and Chronic Inflammation Wednesday, October 1, 2003 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation. ... PowerPoint Slideshow about Mononuclear Leukocytes and Chronic Inflammation Wednesday, October 1, 2003 - kail. An Image/Link ... Mononuclear Leukocytes and Chronic Inflammation Wednesday, October 1, 2003. Reading- Anatomy and Physiology- Neutrophils, (pp 6 ...

https://www.slideserve.com/kail/mononuclear-leukocytes-and-chronic-inflammation-wednesday-october-1-2003

There is increasing evidence for rapid steroid action on electrolyte transport in human mononuclear leukocytes (HML). In HML, ... Trisphosphate System Is Involved in Rapid Effects of Aldosterone in Human Mononuclear Leukocytes. In: The Journal of Clinical ...

https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16003/

Interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses.. ... The ability of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to induce interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes was compared ... Interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses. ... Interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses. ...

https://iai.asm.org/content/32/1/300?ijkey=890755c65e182f0c34873c8f4dcab9e4938897f0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... Inger ... Effects of docosahexaenoic acid-rich n-3 fatty acid supplementation on cytokine release from blood mononuclear leukocytes: the ... Effect of docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil supplementation on human leukocyte function. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:923-938. [PubMed] ... Fish-oil supplementation induces antiinflammatory gene expression profiles in human blood mononuclear cells. Am J Clin Nutr. ...

http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3335851/?lang=en-ca

... and body condition score on phenotype and proliferative capacity of colostral mononuclear leukocytes of high-yielding dairy ... negative energy balance, leukocytes, BOVINE POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES, MAMMARY-GLAND SECRETIONS, MILK T-LYMPHOCYTES, ... and Body Condition Score on Phenotype and Proliferative Capacity of Colostral Mononuclear Leukocytes of High-yielding Dairy ... and body condition score on phenotype and proliferative capacity of colostral mononuclear leukocytes of high-yielding dairy ...

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/6977049

Glucocorticoid receptors on mononuclear leukocytes in Alzheimers disease. Psychiatry research 34 (3), pp. 237-241. ... GR density and affinity were assessed on mononuclear leukocytes of 12 AD patients and 12 healthy controls. GR binding ... GR density and affinity were assessed on mononuclear leukocytes of 12 AD patients and 12 healthy controls. GR binding ...

https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/16333/

Further, they indicate that the signet cells are in fact mononuclear leukocytes and the giant cells are osteoclasts. Therefore ... The data show that the mononuclear signet cells interact (fuse) with other signet cells or fuse directly with the ... Mononuclear leukocytes in the newt limb blastema: in vitro behavior.. @article{Washabaugh1994MononuclearLI, title={Mononuclear ... The data show that the mononuclear signet cells interact (fuse) with other signet cells or fuse directly with the ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mononuclear-leukocytes-in-the-newt-limb-blastema%3A-Washabaugh-Tsonis/767f4443d9b4a13f7e02a2f715bb591faf9199ae

They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of ... Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, ...

http://atlas.centralx.com/p/anatomy/hemic-and-immune-systems/blood/blood-cells/leukocytes/leukocytes-mononuclear/

THE inaccessibility of many tissues makes routine investigation for receptor defects impossible. ACTH insensitivity syndrome, first described by Shepard et al.1 in 1959 and now reported in more than 63 patients,12345678910111213141516171819 is an example of this problem. Defects in adrenal ACTH receptors have been postulated because of high circulating ACTH levels and the ability of the adrenal-cortex cells to achieve steroidogenesis through an elevation of cyclic AMP.12345678910111213141516171819 In the majority of cases, the clinical presentation includes hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, and extremely low glucocorticoid levels with normal mineralocorticoid concentrations.2345678910111213141516 Differences between cases suggest that the syndrome may have multiple causes. Adrenal cells… © 1987, Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved ...

https://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub718565

In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nAChR gene-deficient mice, we demonstrated that inhibition of ATP-dependent release ... In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nAChR gene-deficient mice we demonstrated that inhibition of adenosine triphosphate ... Mononuclear Leukocytes from Mice. Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were freshly isolated from heparinized blood ... Mononuclear cells were cultured for 2 h in 24-well-plates at 37°C, 5% CO2, in RPMI 1640 (Gibco/Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2017.00189/full

In the present study, primary salmon mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) stimulated in vitro for 5-7 days with a B-class CpG ... In the present study, primary salmon mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) stimulated in vitro for 5-7 days with a B-class CpG ... Isolation of Leukocytes From Atlantic Salmon. HK and spleen leukocytes were isolated as described (27). The density of the ... Mixed Leukocyte Reactions (MLRs). The adherent HK MPs were either left non-stimulated or treated with 2 μM CpG-B for 24 h or 7 ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00378/full

... associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients. International Journal of Cancer, 42 ... associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients, International Journal of Cancer, ... associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients. In: International Journal of Cancer ... associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients. / Economou, James S.; Colquhoun, ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/interleukin1-and-tumor-necrosis-factor-production-by-tumorassocia

Direct depletion and purification of monoclonal antibody defined cells from unfractionated human mononuclear leukocytes using ... Direct depletion and purification of monoclonal antibody defined cells from unfractionated human mononuclear leukocytes using ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/direct-depletion-and-purification-of-monoclonal-antibody-defined--2/fingerprints/

Smith, E. M., Brosnan, P., Meyer, W. J., & Blalock, J. E. (1987). An ACTH Receptor on Human Mononuclear Leukocytes. New England ... Smith, EM, Brosnan, P, Meyer, WJ & Blalock, JE 1987, An ACTH Receptor on Human Mononuclear Leukocytes, New England Journal of ... An ACTH Receptor on Human Mononuclear Leukocytes. In: New England Journal of Medicine. 1987 ; Vol. 317, No. 20. pp. 1266-1269. ... An ACTH Receptor on Human Mononuclear Leukocytes. / Smith, Eric M.; Brosnan, Pat; Meyer, Walter J.; Blalock, J. Edwin. ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/an-acth-receptor-on-human-mononuclear-leukocytes-relation-to-adre

Mononuclear Leukocyte Egress. Murine marrow. Leukocyte shown penetrating endothelium and entering sinus lumen (L). (Scanning ... "Mononuclear Leukocyte Egress." Lichtmans Atlas of Hematology 2016 MA L, MS S, RE F, N W. MA L, & MS S, & RE F, & N W(Eds.),Eds ... Mononuclear Leukocyte Egress. In: MA L, MS S, RE F, N W. MA L, & MS S, & RE F, & N W(Eds.),Eds. Lichtman MA, et al.eds. ... Mononuclear leukocyte egress. MA L, MS S, RE F, N W. MA L, & MS S, & RE F, & N W(Eds.),Eds. Lichtman MA, et al. (2017). ...

http://hemonc.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1630§ionid=143617589

Penetration of leukocytes into inflamed areas involves a complex interaction of leukocytes with endothelium through regulated ... Isolation of mononuclear blood cells. Individual blood samples (20 ml) anti-coagulated with heparin were collected from ... P2Y purinoreceptor is upregulated in vasospastic individuals and glaucoma patients-- The movement of leukocytes from blood into ... also observed a gender effect on [Ca2+]c / [Na+]c regulation in circulating leukocytes being in relationship with blood ...

http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v15/a250/

LAIR-1, a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes. Author: Meyaard, L.. Adema, G.. Chang, C.. ... Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Killer Cells, Natural; HL-60 Cells; Jurkat Cells; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Humans; Intracellular ... that is constitutively expressed on the majority of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. LAIR-1 is a 32 kDa ... In the present study, we describe a novel inhibitory receptor, leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), ...

https://drmc.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/7374

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell. *Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. References[edit]. *^ Mohammadi, H.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_blood_cell

Isolation of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMCs).. PBMCs were isolated as previously described (Muller and ... sAC is critical for leukocyte TEM in vivo. CD99 has been shown to be critical for leukocyte transmigration in vivo (Bixel et al ... Genotyping of MHECs and mouse leukocytes.. Genomic DNA was then extracted from MHEC and leukocyte populations using the DNeasy ... peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs]) and neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]). Similar to the ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/212/7/1021

... human leukocyte antigen; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell. ... and safe vaccines may be the transgenic human leucocyte antigen ... Moreover, mice that support the development of immune cells following the engraftment of human peripheral blood mononuclear ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-020-0732-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4df2a808-b1cd-434b-89d6-035ba83915e8

Leukocytes, Mononuclear * Liver * Macrophages / virology* * Macrophages, Alveolar / virology * Mice * Nuclear Receptor ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28414330/

Mononuclear leukocytes. Inflammatory protein S100A8/9. Those who reported a higher quality diet had lower levels of TNF-α, ... CRP, IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 gene expression in peripheral mononuclear cells. There were no reductions in plasma IL-6, CRP, or ... INFLA-score includes platelet and leukocyte counts, the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio, and CRP.. There was a positive ... 60] also used a composite score called an INFLA score (including CRP, leukocytes count, and granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio), ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/dm/2019/3102870/

The mononuclear phagocyte (MP) system comprises circulating monocytes, tissue resident macrophages, and monocyte-derived DCs. (frontiersin.org)
Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of EC sAC or PKA, like CD99 blockade, arrests neutrophils and monocytes partway through EC junctions, in vitro and in vivo, without affecting leukocyte adhesion or the expression of relevant cellular adhesion molecules. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, IL-1 inhibitor activity was produced by monocytes-macrophages exposed to RSV in the presence of lymphocytes, that is, by unseparated mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). (utmb.edu)
We also showed that the severity of CTL-induced liver disease is ameliorated by the depletion of Gr-1 + cells (Gr-1 is an antigen highly expressed by neutrophils), which, secondarily, abolishes the intrahepatic recruitment of all antigen-nonspecific Gr-1 - mononuclear cells (NK and NKT cells, T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells) despite the strong induction of chemokine gene expression. (jci.org)
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor blocks infectivity of primary monocytes and mononuclear cells with both monocytotropic and lymphocytotropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type I. (duke.edu)
Here, we confirm and extend the original report by demonstrating that SLPI protects primary monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells against infection with HIV-1 Ba-L, IIIB and NL4-3. (duke.edu)
Membrane-CD14 (mCD14) is expressed on the surface of monocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN). (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, there was no significant difference in mCD14 levels between unprocessed whole blood monocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparation. (biomedcentral.com)
the presence of an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes, or monocytes, in the blood. (dictionary.com)
Clearance of heparin via heparinases The various cell types of the mononuclear phagocyte system are all part of the myeloid lineage from the CFU-GEMM (precursor of granulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes and megakaryocytes Mononuclear+Phagocyte+System at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Inderbir Singh (2006). (wikipedia.org)

Interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses. (asm.org)
The ability of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to induce interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes was compared with that of influenza viruses. (asm.org)

Hence, our aim was to determine the effects of 6 mo of dietary supplementation with an n-3 FA preparation rich in DHA on global gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Colostrum mononuclear cell populations were identified by flow cytometry using bovine cluster of differentiation markers, and the proliferative capacity of these cells was determined using a H-3-thymidine proliferation assay. (ugent.be)
The data show that the mononuclear signet cells interact (fuse) with other signet cells or fuse directly with the multinucleated cells. (semanticscholar.org)
In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nAChR gene-deficient mice, we demonstrated that inhibition of ATP-dependent release of IL-1β by acetylcholine (ACh), nicotine and PC depends on subunits α7, α9 and α10. (frontiersin.org)
Evaluate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and mononuclear cells (MN's) involvement in the Ehrlich´s solid tumor (ET) growth . (bvsalud.org)
Later, a morphometric analysis of the total area, parenchyma, necrosis , tumor stroma and PMN's leukocytes and MN's cells influx was performed. (bvsalud.org)
At initial stages of tumor implantation, both PMN's leukocytes and MN's cells act together to control ET development. (bvsalud.org)
We studied adenylyl cyclase-mediated responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 95 drug-free patients with a major depressive episode and 69 healthy controls. (elsevier.com)
Interleukin-4 production was higher, on a per T-cell basis, in mononuclear leukocyte cultures than in cultures of pure T cells, suggesting the possibility of a monocyte factor acting to increase interleukin-4 production. (elsevier.com)
Slight cuffing with polynuclear cells, mononuclear leukocytes. (cdc.gov)
Leucocyte sensitised CaCO-2 cells produced TNF-α and IL-1β whereas IL-10 was exclusively secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (bmj.com)
Lactobacillus johnsonii , an intestinal isolate, showed reduced potential to induce proinflammatory cytokines but increased transforming growth factor beta mRΝA in leucocyte sensitised CaCO-2 cells. (bmj.com)
Differences in expression between activated and resting leukocytes were confirmed for some NETs by RT-PCR, and most of these proteins appear to only be expressed in certain types of blood cells. (mcponline.org)
The inhibition of MMP activity reduced the intrahepatic recruitment of antigen-nonspecific mononuclear cells and much of the attending liver disease without affecting the migration or antiviral potential of antigen-specific CTLs. (jci.org)
We have studied the ability of the peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to generate a cytotoxic (CML) response against alloantigens. (biomedsearch.com)
Biopsied lymph nodes from the 7 symptomatic patients contained substantially higher copy numbers of HIV-1 RNA and DNA than did peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (biomedsearch.com)
1) Background: Physical stimuli may activate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to secrete cytokines, which may favor pro-inflammatory responses or trigger reparative phenomena. (mdpi.com)
Myelocytes are the bone-marrow cells from which the corresponding granular leukocytes are developed. (dictionary.com)
Occasionally merozoites were present in the nucleus of mononuclear cells. (usda.gov)
Leukocyte-depleting serum decreased the number of immigrating opioid-containing immune cells and attenuated swim stress- and CRF-induced antinociception in inflamed paws. (jneurosci.org)
To explore the health-modulating constituents of common edible beans, their immunomodulatory activity on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was evaluated. (fao.org)
Abnormally large numbers of mononuclear white blood cells in the blood, especially forms that are not normal. (dictionary.com)
In immunology, the mononuclear phagocyte system or mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) also known as the reticuloendothelial system or macrophage system is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] "Reticuloendothelial system" is an older term for the mononuclear phagocyte system, but it is used less commonly now, as it is understood that most endothelial cells are not macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
The mononuclear phagocyte system is also a somewhat dated concept trying to combine a broad range of cells, and should be used with caution. (wikipedia.org)
White blood cells are also termed leukocytes. (news-medical.net)

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Development of a migration inhibitory factor assay under agarose of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, using an antigen of Brucella abortus. (elsevier.com)

The production of interleukin‐I (IL‐I) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by tumor‐associated mononuclear leukocytes (TAML) and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) from 9 otherwise untreated patients with a variety of malignancies (lung, sarcoma, stomach, renal) was assessed. (elsevier.com)
Morton, Donald L. / Interleukin‐1 and tumor necrosis factor production by tumor‐associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients . (elsevier.com)
Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the plasma prolidase activity, oxidative status, and peripheral mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage in patients with BPH. (bezmialem.edu.tr)

By Western blot analysis of mononuclear leukocytes from 11 species, using a crossreactive antiserum directed against the extremely well-conserved NAD-binding domain, no correlation between the amount of PARP protein and the species' life spans was found, suggesting a greater specific enzyme activity in longer-lived species. (pnas.org)
The immunoreactivities of Gs alpha, Gi alpha, and Gbeta subunit proteins were determined by Western blot analysis of mononuclear leukocyte membranes with selective polyclonal antibodies for the various G subunit proteins, followed by densitometric quantitation using an image analysis system. (bgu.ac.il)

A 1-day spraying period seems to be sufficient to significantly modify DNA damage levels in mononuclear leukocytes, but the correlation of this change with pesticide-related exposure parameters depends on the kind of pesticide concerned. (aacrjournals.org)

The density of β-adrenergic receptors on mononuclear leukocytes and the plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were determined. (elsevier.com)

In this study, we investigated whether the reactive metabolite is cytotoxic toward polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear leukocytes using horseradish peroxidase and H 2 O 2 to generate the metabolite in situ . (aspetjournals.org)
With a full metabolizing system, both clozapine (30 μM) and demethylclozapine exhibited cytotoxicity toward polymorphonuclear leukocytes (50.7 ± 7.7% and 17.6 ± 1.2% cell death, respectively) and mononuclear leukocytes (36.6 ± 2.1% and 24.6 ± 4.1%, respectively), whereas clozapine N-oxide was not cytotoxic. (aspetjournals.org)
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are formed in the bone-marrow from neutrophilic myelocytes. (dictionary.com)
Granulocytes are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (news-medical.net)

In the present study, primary salmon mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) stimulated in vitro for 5-7 days with a B-class CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN 2006PS) underwent morphological differentiation and developed "dendritic" morphology, characterized by long, branching pseudopodia. (frontiersin.org)
Dengue viruses and mononuclear phagocytes. (ajtmh.org)

In conclusion, body condition score, parity, and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration of periparturient high-yielding dairy cows were shown to influence the number of colostral macrophages or the mitogen-and antigen-induced proliferation of colostral leukocytes, possibly influencing the cellular immunity of the newborn calf. (ugent.be)
Macrophages remove senescent erythrocytes, leukocytes, and megakaryocytes by phagocytosis and digestion. (wikipedia.org)

In the present study, we describe a novel inhibitory receptor, leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), that is constitutively expressed on the majority of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. (edu.au)
Leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1 (LILRB1) plays a significant role in a number of infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and oncologic disorders. (cdc.gov)

The main objective of the present study was to measure the influence of parity, body condition score, serum nonesterified fatty acids, and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of periparturient cows on phenotype and mitogen-and antigen-induced proliferative capacity of bovine colostral leukocytes. (ugent.be)
Heifers had significantly higher mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of their colostral leukocytes than third parity or older cows. (ugent.be)
Although it is structurally related to human killer cell inhibitory receptors, LAIR-1 does not appear to recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and thus represents a novel HLA class I-independent mechanism of NK cell regulation. (edu.au)
Development of a migration inhibitory factor assay under agarose of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, using an antigen of Brucella abortus. (elsevier.com)
A study was conducted to develop a migration inhibitory factor assay under agarose of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, with an antigen of Brucella abortus. (elsevier.com)
Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 x 10(6) leukocytes were suspended in RPMI-1640 medium and various dilutions (20, 10, 1, and 0.1 microgram) of B abortus-soluble antigen, dispensed in triplicate wells cut in 1% agarose containing minimal essential medium and 10% bovine fetal serum. (elsevier.com)
Oxford, J. S. / In vitro correlation between human leukocyte antigen class I and II phenotype and HIV infectivity of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures [1] . (elsevier.com)
First, local immune and inflammatory responses at the site of foreign antigen up-regulate endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, promoting the accumulation of leukocytes at the tissue site. (medscape.com)

Since normal mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) function is essential in host defense, the chemotactic response of MNL from 25 thermally injured patients was evaluated in vitro . (jimmunol.org)
Mononuclear leukocytes in the newt limb blastema: in vitro behavior. (semanticscholar.org)
Additionally, we analyzed the infection in vitro of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML). (bvsalud.org)
Identity of blood and tissue leukocytes supporting in vitro infection. (ajtmh.org)

In an exploration of the potential role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in AD, GR density and affinity were assessed on mononuclear leukocytes of 12 AD patients and 12 healthy controls. (uni-regensburg.de)
In previous studies using "gene-hunting" strategies, we demonstrated stable alterations in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes isolated from glaucoma patients with vascular deregulation when compared to healthy individuals with no history of glaucomatous damage. (molvis.org)
The goal of this study was to look for possible similarities in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes in vasospastic individuals and glaucoma patients. (molvis.org)
Previous studies have demonstrated blunted beta-adrenergic responsivity in leukocytes from depressed patients. (elsevier.com)
Previous studies have shown that leukocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis have increased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-phosphodiesterase activity. (elsevier.com)
Mononuclear leukocytes of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression have been characterized by reduced measures of the stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins. (bgu.ac.il)
In this study, patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) were measured for mononuclear leukocyte G protein levels while depressed during the winter, following light therapy, and in remission during the summer. (bgu.ac.il)
Untreated patients with SAD and winter, atypical-type depression showed significantly reduced mononuclear leukocyte immunoreactive levels of Gs alpha and Gi alpha proteins, similar to previous observations in patients with nonseasonal major depression. (bgu.ac.il)
Isolation of dengue viruses from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with hemorrhagic fever. (ajtmh.org)
Glucocorticoid receptors of mononuclear leukocytes from myasthenia gravis patients. (scielo.br)

The mononuclear phagocyte system and the monocyte macrophage system refer to two different entities, often mistakenly understood as one. (wikipedia.org)

An antibody matrix immunoassay device for determination of number and proportion of subpopulations of leukocytes is described. (freepatentsonline.com)

The spleen is the 2nd largest unit of the mononuclear phagocyte system. (wikipedia.org)
The mononuclear phagocyte system is part of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. (wikipedia.org)

There is increasing evidence for rapid steroid action on electrolyte transport in human mononuclear leukocytes (HML). (uni-muenchen.de)

In paper IV, a microfluidic chip was developed to simultaneously isolate these three mononuclear leukocyte cell types directly from whole blood. (diva-portal.org)
Those results suggested that in addition to chemokine expression, CTL-induced functions are necessary for mononuclear cell recruitment to occur. (jci.org)

Large mononuclear leukocytes probably originate in the bone-marrow or spleen. (dictionary.com)

The mononuclear leukocytes from peripheral blood samples of individuals with ( n = 30) and without ( n = 48) colonic polyps were examined for their abilities to carry out unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by N -acetoxy- N -2-fluorenylacetamide (N-AcO-2-FAA). (aacrjournals.org)

DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay: modifications of DNA damage levels after a one-day field spraying period with selected pesticides. (aacrjournals.org)
The alkaline comet assay was used to assess DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers before and after a 1-day spraying period with selected pesticides under usual conditions. (aacrjournals.org)

Chan, SC, Li, SH & Hanifin, JM 1993, ' Increased interleukin-4 production by atopic mononuclear leukocytes correlates with increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase activity and is reversible by phosphodiesterase inhibition ', Journal of Investigative Dermatology , vol. 100, no. 5, pp. 681-684. (elsevier.com)

EC 2.4.2.30) activities in Percoll gradient-purified, permeabilized mononuclear leukocytes from mammalian species of different maximal life span. (pnas.org)

Thus, nuclear envelopes were isolated from leukocytes in the two states and analyzed by multidimensional protein identification technology using an approach that used expected contaminating membranes as subtractive fractions. (mcponline.org)

Transendothelial migration (TEM), or diapedesis, is the step in which leukocytes traverse the endothelial barrier to gain access to the interstitium. (rupress.org)

CD99 is a critical regulator of leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM). (rupress.org)

Journal of Leukocyte Biology , 46 (3), 189-198. (utmb.edu)

The production of inflammatory mediators is an essential mechanism by which leukocytes confer immune protection in response to infectious pathogens and tissue injury. (hindawi.com)
Numerous β-endorphin-containing and fewer EM-1- and EM-2-containing leukocytes were detected in subcutaneous tissue of inflamed paws. (jneurosci.org)

Anatomy33

Organisms10

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs89

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Dysregulated production of interleukin-8 in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1/8845)

Fas and Fas ligand interaction induces apoptosis in inflammatory myopathies: CD4+ T cells cause muscle cell injury directly in polymyositis. (2/8845)

Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor is not increased during relapses of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. (3/8845)

Presentation of renal tumor antigens by human dendritic cells activates tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes against autologous tumor: implications for live kidney cancer vaccines. (4/8845)

Gene expression, synthesis, and secretion of interleukin 18 and interleukin 1beta are differentially regulated in human blood mononuclear cells and mouse spleen cells. (5/8845)

Manipulation of the type of fat consumed by growing pigs affects plasma and mononuclear cell fatty acid compositions and lymphocyte and phagocyte functions. (6/8845)

Human herpesviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome. (7/8845)

Quantitative analysis of constitutive and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cytochrome P450 1B1 expression in human lymphocytes. (8/8845)

Leukocytes

Neutrophils

Leukocytes, Mononuclear

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte

Phagocytosis

Leukocyte Count

Cell Adhesion

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine

P-Selectin

Monocytes

Venules

Antigens, CD18

Inflammation

Blood Bactericidal Activity

Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction

Cells, Cultured

Lymphocytes

Neutrophil Activation

Flow Cytometry

L-Selectin

Granulocytes

Zymosan

Leukotriene B4

Chemotactic Factors

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1

Macrophages

Endothelium, Vascular

Luminescent Measurements

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Opsonin Proteins

Selectins

Leukocyte Transfusion

Peroxidase

Rabbits

Oxyquinoline

Macrophage-1 Antigen

Arachidonate Lipoxygenases

Superoxides

N-Formylmethionine

Phagocytes

E-Selectin

Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase

Luminol

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Blood Platelets

Time Factors

Respiratory Burst

Antigens, CD

Chemokines

Cytokines

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

RNA, Messenger

Cytoplasmic Granules

Lipopolysaccharides

Molecular Sequence Data

Complement C5a

Interleukin-8

Indium

Disease Models, Animal

Mice, Knockout

T-Lymphocytes

Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte

Microcirculation

Cell Separation

Platelet Activating Factor

Complement C5

Eosinophils

Nitroblue Tetrazolium

Neutrophil Infiltration

Mice, Inbred BALB C

HL-60 Cells

Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

Cell Line

Leukotriene A4

Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1

Erythrocytes

Cell Communication

Lung

Kinetics