Leukocyte Transfusion
Blood Transfusion
Donor leukocyte infusions inducing remissions repeatedly in a patient with recurrent multiple myeloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1/164)
We describe a patient with recurrent relapses after allogeneic BMT for multiple myeloma who repeatedly went into CR after donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). The first bone marrow relapse, 24 months after allogeneic BMT, was treated successfully with the infusion of 1.2 x 10(8) donor T cells. The second extramedullary relapse, 18 months later with a pleural mass and midthoracic spine process, responded again to DLI, however, only after three courses were given, each with escalating doses of T cells. The pleural mass was treated successfully with radiation therapy after the second DLI but reappeared 3 months later and responded again to the final DLI course with 5 x 10(8) T cells/kg. Nevertheless, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) did not occur. Retrospective analysis of minimal residual disease in bone marrow aspirates during CR periods using a sensitive quantitative tumor-specific PCR showed that BM tumor cell infiltration persisted. The possible clinical implications of this case report, like maintenance DLI and the aim for molecular remissions, are discussed. (+info)Prevention of graft-versus-host disease by induction of immune tolerance with ultraviolet B-irradiated leukocytes in H-2 disparate bone marrow donor. (2/164)
Transfusions (Tx) of Ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) have been shown to induce humoral immune tolerance to major histocompatability complex (MHC) antigens (Blood 88:4375, 1996). To determine whether cellular immune tolerance to MHC antigens can be induced by the same approach, transplantation of bone marrow and spleen cells from tolerant donors across the H-2 barrier was conducted to study its effect on prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). After immune tolerance induction by four weekly Tx of UVB-irradiated BALB/c (H-2(d)) peripheral blood MNL into CBA/HT6 (H-2(k)) mice, bone marrow cells (BMC) and spleen MNL from tolerant or naive CBA mice were transplanted into lethally irradiated BALB/c mice. The transplanted mice were followed by measuring body weight, peripheral leukocyte counts, GVHD, survival, and cytokine response. All BALB/c recipient mice were fully engrafted with H-2(k) CBA donor cells after transplantation. The severity of GVHD was significantly attenuated in BALB/c mice transplanted with BMC and spleen MNL from tolerant CBA donor mice. The recovery of peripheral leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were faster and more complete in mice transplanted with cells from the tolerant donors. The serum cytokine profile after transplantation with tolerant donor cells showed increased interleukin-4 and reduced gamma interferon that are consistent with a polarized Th2 response. The results pooled from three separate experiments showed that BALB/c mice transplanted with 5 x 10(6) BMC and 4 x 10(5) spleen MNL from tolerant CBA donors had better overall survival than the control group (72% v 17%, P =.018). The findings show that transplantation with bone marrow and spleen cells from tolerant H-2 disparate donor mice is associated with significant attenuation of GVHD and better outcomes. The results also support that transfusions of UVB-irradiated leukocytes may induce cellular immune tolerance. (+info)T-cell depletion plus salvage immunotherapy with donor leukocyte infusions as a strategy to treat chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia patients undergoing HLA-identical sibling marrow transplantation. (3/164)
T-cell depletion (TCD) of the donor marrow graft has been shown to reduce the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients with chronic-phase (CP) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) undergoing HLA-identical sibling allogeneic marrow transplantation. However, there has been a corresponding reduction in the graft-versus-leukemia effect so that any decrease in GVHD-related mortality has been offset by an increased rate of disease relapse. Therapy of recurrent disease with donor leukocyte infusions (DLI) has been proven to be effective salvage therapy for the majority of patients who relapse after allogeneic BMT with CP CML. However, the overall impact of salvage DLI therapy on the survival of CP CML patients initially transplanted with TCD marrow grafts is not defined. To address this question, we have evaluated a clinical strategy of TCD followed by targeted adoptive immunotherapy with DLI in 25 CP CML patients undergoing allogeneic BMT from HLA-identical siblings. All patients received a standardized preparative regimen along with ex vivo TCD and posttransplant cyclosporine as GVHD prophylaxis. Durable engraftment was observed in all 25 patients. The incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD was 8%. The cumulative incidence of transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 4%, and the 1-year probability of overall survival was 96%. The 3-year cumulative relapse incidence was 49%. All relapsed patients received DLI to reinduce remission. The total T-cell dose administered to these patients varied from 0.1 to 5.0 x 10(8) T cells/kg. Complete responses were observed in 12 of 14 patients, with 1 additional patient still too early to evaluate. Three patients died of GVHD after DLI, and 1 relapsed into blast crisis after a transient cytogenetic remission. Of the remaining 10 patients, 8 are in molecular remission, 1 is alive in relapse, and 1 is receiving DLI treatment. The median follow-up after infusion of surviving DLI patients in remission is 5.3 years. The probability of overall 5-year survival for the entire population is 80%, with a median follow-up of 6.4 years. We conclude that the clinical strategy of TCD followed by targeted adoptive immunotherapy with DLI for those patients with evidence of recurrent disease is a viable transplant strategy for CP CML, resulting in 80% survival and a low risk of acute GVHD and transplant-related mortality. (+info)Infusion of donor leukocytes to induce tolerance in organ allograft recipients. (4/164)
To further enhance chimerism, 229 primary allograft recipients have received perioperative intravenous infusion of a single dose of 3 to 6 X 10(8) unmodified donor bone marrow (BM) cells/kg body weight. In addition, 42 patients have been accrued in a concurrent protocol involving multiple (up to three) sequential perioperative infusions of 2 x 10(8) BM cells/kg/day from day 0-2 posttransplantation (PTx). Organ recipients (n = 133) for whom BM was not available were monitored as controls. The infusion of BM was safe and except for 50 (18%), all study patients have optimal graft function. Of the control patients, allografts in 30 (23%) have been lost during the course of follow-up. The cumulative risk of acute cellular rejection (ACR) was statistically lower in the study patients compared with that of controls. It is interesting that, 62% of BM-augmented heart recipients were free of ACR (Grade > or = 3A) in the first 6 months PTx compared to controls. The incidence of obliterative bronchiolitis was also statistically lower in study lung recipients (3.8%) compared with the contemporaneously acquired controls (31%). The levels of donor cell chimerism were at least a log higher in the peripheral blood of majority of the study patients compared with that of controls. The incidence of donor-specific hyporeactivity, as determined by one-way mixed leukocyte reaction, was also higher in those BM-augmented liver, kidney, and lung recipients that could be evaluated compared to controls. (+info)Disseminated Fusarium infection identified by the immunohistochemical staining in a patient with a refractory leukemia. (5/164)
The difficulty and uncertainty encountered in diagnosing a systemic mycosis often lead to a delay in starting antifungal therapy. We reported a disseminated infection of multiple fungal isolates including Fusarium species during donor leukocyte transfusion (DLT) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a 20-year-old woman with a refractory leukemia. Skin lesions are the feature of Fusarium and occur in the early period of the infection. In this case, during immunosuppression state after DLT, she presented with the whole body ache and erythematous lesions which appeared rapidly on her trunk and extremities. While administration of amphotericin B was started, her condition was further deteriorated and she died. Autopsy materials revealed that she had multiple fungal infection with different isolates, including Aspergillus and Candida in the brain, lung and liver, but not in the skin. With the immunohistochemical staining with specific antibody, Fusarium or Aspergillus infection was identified from the biopsy skin or autopsy brain, respectively. This rapid and specific immunohistochemical method may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infection without delay. (+info)Peripheral donor leukocytes prolong survival of rat renal allografts. (6/164)
BACKGROUND: The development of strategies to enhance the survival of transplanted organs and to potentially lower or even discontinue immunosuppressive therapy would represent a significant advancement in post-transplant patient care. METHODS: We studied the effect of pretransplant infusion of donor leukocytes alone or in combination with a short course of cyclosporine on the long-term outcome of a rat model of kidney allograft. RESULTS: A single intravenous infusion of donor peripheral blood leukocytes (100x10(6) cells) from Brown-Norway (BN) rats into major histocompatibility complex (MHC) incompatible Lewis recipients largely failed to prolong kidney allograft viability from the same donor transplanted 60, 40, or 30 days after cell infusion. A short course of cyclosporine (per se, unable to prolong graft survival) was started at the same day of donor leukocyte infusion, but instead was able to prolong the survival of the BN kidney transplant-performed 40 days later-but not of a Wistar Furth (WF) third party, with some animals even developing tolerance. A mixed lymphocyte reaction of host cells from long-term surviving rats to BN stimulator cells was significantly reduced as compared with controls. Donor BN DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of Lewis rats until day 40 after BN leukocyte infusion. Microchimerism persisted (60 to 70 days post-transplant) in most long-term graft recipients. Reducing the time interval between donor leukocyte infusion and subsequent kidney transplant to 10 days still prolonged graft survival. Donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but not polymorphonuclear cells, in the leukocyte preparation contributed to prolong kidney allograft survival. CONCLUSIONS: Pretransplant donor leukocyte infusion under the appropriate conditions can tip the immune balance toward improved graft acceptance. This result could be relevant to the achievement of donor-specific tolerance of the graft with the maintenance of an intact response to third-party antigens. (+info)Increased apoptosis of immunoreactive host cells and augmented donor leukocyte chimerism, not sustained inhibition of B7 molecule expression are associated with prolonged cardiac allograft survival in mice preconditioned with immature donor dendritic cells plus anti-CD40L mAb. (7/164)
BACKGROUND: We previously reported the association among donor leukocyte chimerism, apoptosis of presumedly IL-2-deficient graft-infiltrating host cells, and the spontaneous donor-specific tolerance induced by liver but not heart allografts in mice. Survival of the rejection-prone heart allografts in the same strain combination is modestly prolonged by the pretransplant infusion of immature, costimulatory molecule-(CM) deficient donor dendritic cells (DC), an effect that is markedly potentiated by concomitant CM blockade with anti-CD40L (CD154) monoclonal antibody (mAb). We investigated whether the long survival of the heart allografts in the pretreated mice was associated with donor leukocyte chimerism and apoptosis of graft-infiltrating cells, if these end points were similar to those in the spontaneously tolerant liver transplant model, and whether the pretreatment effect was dependent on sustained inhibition of CM expression of the infused immature donor DC. In addition, apoptosis was assessed in the host spleen and lymph nodes, a critical determination not reported in previous studies of either spontaneous or "treatment-aided" organ tolerance models. METHODS: Seven days before transplantation of hearts from B10 (H-2b) donors, 2x10(6) donor-derived immature DC were infused i.v. into C3H (H-2k) recipient mice with or without a concomitant i.p. injection of anti-CD40L mAb. Donor cells were detected posttransplantation by immunohistochemical staining for major histocompatibility complex class II (I-Ab) in the cells of recipient lymphoid tissue. CM expression was determined by two-color labeling. Host responses to donor alloantigen were quantified by mixed leukocyte reaction, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays. Apoptotic death in graft-infiltrating cells and in areas of T-dependent lymphoid tissue was visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-catalyzed dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling and quantitative spectrofluorometry. Interleukin-2 production and localization were estimated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with control heart transplantation or heart transplantation after only DC administration, concomitant pretreatment with immature donor DC and anti-CD40L mAb caused sustained elevation of donor (I-Ab+) cells (microchimerism) in the spleen including T cell areas. More than 80% of the I-Ab+ cells in combined treatment animals also were CD86+, reflecting failure of the mAb to inhibit CD40/ CD80/CD86 up-regulation on immature DC in vitro after their interaction with host T cells. Donor-specific CTL activity in graft-infiltrating cells and spleen cell populations of these animals was present on day 8, but decreased strikingly to normal control levels by day 14. The decrease was associated with enhanced apoptosis of graft-infiltrating cells and of cells in the spleen where interleukin-2 production was inhibited. The highest levels of splenic microchimerism were found in mice with long surviving grafts (>100 days). In contrast, CTL activity was persistently elevated in control heart graft recipients with comparatively low levels of apoptotic activity and high levels of interleukin-2. CONCLUSION: The donor-specific acceptance of rejection-prone heart allografts by recipients pretreated with immature donor DC and anti-CD40L mAb is not dependent on sustained inhibition of donor DC CM (CD86) expression. Instead, the pretreatment facilitates a tolerogenic cascade similar to that in spontaneously tolerant liver recipients that involves: (1) chimerism-driven immune activation, succeeded by deletion of host immune responder cells by apoptosis in the spleen and allograft that is linked to interleukin-2 deficiency in both locations and (2) persistence of comparatively large numbers of donor-derived leukocytes. These tolerogenic mechanisms are thought to be generic, explaining the tolerance induced by allografts spontaneously, or with the aid of various kinds of immunosuppression. (+info)Irradiated donor leukocytes promote engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow in major histocompatibility complex mismatched recipients without causing graft-versus-host disease. (8/164)
Graft rejection in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can occur when donor and recipient are mismatched at one or more major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci. Donor T cells can prevent graft rejection, but may cause fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We tested whether irradiation of allogeneic donor lymphocytes would preserve their graft-facilitating activity while inhibiting their potential for GVHD. Infusions of irradiated allogeneic T cells did not cause GVHD in MHC-mismatched SJL --> (SJL x C57BL6) F1, C57BL6 --> B10.RIII, and C57BL6 --> B10.BR mouse donor --> recipient BMT pairs. The 60-day survival among MHC-mismatched transplant recipients increased from 2% (BM alone) to up to 75% among recipients of BM plus irradiated allogeneic splenocytes. Optimal results were obtained using 50 x 10(6) to 75 x 10(6) irradiated donor splenocytes administered in multiple injections from day -1 to day +1. Recipients of an equal number of nonirradiated MHC-mismatched donor splenocytes uniformly died of acute GVHD. The graft facilitating activity of the irradiated allogeneic splenocytes was mediated by donor T cells. Irradiation to 7.5 Gy increased nuclear NFkappaB in T cells and their allospecific cytotoxicity. Irradiated T cells survived up to 3 days in the BM of MHC-mismatched recipients without proliferation. Recipients of irradiated allogeneic splenocytes and allogeneic BM had stable donor-derived hematopoiesis without a significant representation of donor splenocytes in the T-cell compartment. Irradiated allogeneic T cells thus represent a form of cellular immunotherapy with time-limited biologic activity in vivo that can facilitate allogeneic BMT without causing GVHD. (+info)Leukocyte transfusion, also known as white blood cell (WBC) transfusion, involves the intravenous administration of leukocytes (white blood cells) from a donor to a recipient. This procedure is typically used in patients with severe immunodeficiency or those undergoing bone marrow transplantation, where they are unable to produce sufficient white blood cells to fight off infections.
Leukocyte transfusions can help boost the recipient's immune system and provide them with temporary protection against infections. However, this procedure carries some risks, including febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, transmission of infectious diseases, and the potential for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD). Therefore, leukocyte transfusions are usually reserved for specific clinical situations where the benefits outweigh the risks.
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which blood or its components are transferred from one individual (donor) to another (recipient) through a vein. The donated blood can be fresh whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, or cryoprecipitate, depending on the recipient's needs. Blood transfusions are performed to replace lost blood due to severe bleeding, treat anemia, support patients undergoing major surgeries, or manage various medical conditions such as hemophilia, thalassemia, and leukemia. The donated blood must be carefully cross-matched with the recipient's blood type to minimize the risk of transfusion reactions.
An erythrocyte transfusion, also known as a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, is the process of transferring compatible red blood cells from a donor to a recipient. This procedure is typically performed to increase the recipient's oxygen-carrying capacity, usually in situations where there is significant blood loss, anemia, or impaired red blood cell production.
During the transfusion, the donor's red blood cells are collected, typed, and tested for compatibility with the recipient's blood to minimize the risk of a transfusion reaction. Once compatible units are identified, they are infused into the recipient's circulation through a sterile intravenous (IV) line. The recipient's body will eventually eliminate the donated red blood cells within 100-120 days as part of its normal turnover process.
Erythrocyte transfusions can be lifesaving in various clinical scenarios, such as trauma, surgery, severe anemia due to chronic diseases, and hematologic disorders. However, they should only be used when necessary, as there are potential risks associated with the procedure, including allergic reactions, transmission of infectious diseases, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), and iron overload in cases of multiple transfusions.
Transplant rejection
Platelet transfusion refractoriness
Intrauterine transfusion
Blood transfusion
Granulocyte transfusion
Georges Mathé
Leukoreduction
Plasma frozen within 24 hours
Alloimmunity
Apheresis
Pall Corporation
Universal precautions
Plateletpheresis
GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Ulcerative colitis
American Red Cross
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
FERMT3
Rose Payne
Asahi Kasei
Individualized cancer immunotherapy
List of MeSH codes (E02)
Transfusion-related immunomodulation
Packed red blood cells
Blood plasma
Beta thalassemia
Graft-versus-host disease
Blood bank
Human leukocyte antigen
Nanocellulose
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Diagnosis of leukocyte adhesion d1
- Diagnosis of leukocyte adhesion deficiency is by detecting absence or severe deficiency of adhesive glycoproteins on the surface of WBCs using monoclonal antibodies (eg, anti-CD11, anti-CD18) and flow cytometry. (msdmanuals.com)
Acute lung i1
- Alloreactive anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies formed during pregnancy are a major cause of acute rejection in organ transplantation and of adverse effects in blood transfusion, such as febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, immunological platelet refractoriness or transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Reactions8
- Acute transfusion reactions present as adverse signs or symptoms during or within 24 hours of a blood transfusion. (medscape.com)
- Transfusion reactions require immediate recognition, laboratory investigation, and clinical management. (medscape.com)
- Acute transfusion reactions may present in complex clinical situations when the diagnosis requires distinguishing between a reaction to the transfused blood product and a coincidental complication of the illness being treated that occurs during or immediately after a blood transfusion. (medscape.com)
- Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs) occur in patients who have received transfusions in the past. (medscape.com)
- It has been suggested that cytokine acc leukoreduction prevents transmission of cyc cumulation in plasma of platelet concenc tomegalovirus and decreases alloimmunizac trates (PC) during storage may contribute tion to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), it to development of nonchaemolytic febrile does not prevent allergic reactions. (who.int)
- The high numbers of leukocytes remaining in a unit of pRBCs during the storage process can fragment, deteriorate, and release cytokines, and they have been implicated as a cause of reactions to a current and subsequent blood transfusions in some transfusion recipients. (utmb.edu)
- Blood transfusions are well known to be associated with adverse effects, such as infections and immune-mediated reactions ( Table 1 ) [ 2 , 3 ]. (accjournal.org)
- Regarding platelet transfusions, like other blood components, they can cause various transfusion reactions and be associated with increased risk of multiple donor exposures [ 7 ]. (accjournal.org)
Severe12
- Prevention of worsening of severe thrombocytopenia after red cell transfusions by the use of leucocyte-depleted blood. (ox.ac.uk)
- Platelet counts were measured before and after red cell transfusions in 30 patients with anaemia and severe thrombocytopenia resulting from haematological diseases. (ox.ac.uk)
- Other signs occurring in temporal relationship with a blood transfusion, such as severe shortness of breath, red urine (see image below), high fever, or loss of consciousness may be the first indication of a more severe potentially fatal reaction. (medscape.com)
- First case clinical study records described the development of severe or mild respiratory distress in patients with severe pancreatitis, sepsis, nonthoracic injuries, massive transfusion, and other conditions. (ceufast.com)
- The MHRA approval was based on two open-label Phase I/II/III clinical trial data evaluating Casgevy in patients with severe sickle cell disease (NCT03745287) and transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia (NCT03655678). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Thalassemia Major shows as severe form of anaemia necessitating lifelong blood transfusions and iron chelation. (india4u.com)
- In thalassaemia, people cannot produce enough haemoglobin, causing severe anaemia, which can be fatal if not treated with blood transfusions. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
- These can be severe conditions and sometimes people need regular blood transfusions. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
- Transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia, the most severe form of the condition, generally requires life-long red blood cell transfusions as the standard course of treatment. (genengnews.com)
- Therefore, unless patients experience severe bleeding, the beneficial effect of transfusions on oxygenation may be small. (accjournal.org)
- Because gallium relies on the presence of phagocytic cells, gallium scan findings are most likely to be informative when patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency have residual expression of integrins or when granulocytes are transfused to patients with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency (absence of CD18 expression). (medscape.com)
- The severe and moderate phenotypes of heritable Mac-1, LFA-1 deficiency: their quantitative definition and relation to leukocyte dysfunction and clinical features. (medscape.com)
Adhesion8
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency results from an adhesion molecule defect that causes granulocyte and lymphocyte dysfunction and recurrent soft-tissue infections. (msdmanuals.com)
- Manifestations of leukocyte adhesion deficiency usually begin in infancy. (msdmanuals.com)
- In leukocyte adhesion deficiency II, the Bombay blood group phenotype is detected. (medscape.com)
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of leukocyte adhesion deficiency I offers promise. (medscape.com)
- In leukocyte adhesion deficiency I, assays of random migration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing by neutrophils invariably show deficits in these functions. (medscape.com)
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II is not associated with defects in lymphocyte or antibody function. (medscape.com)
- Hanna S, Etzioni A. Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies. (medscape.com)
- Cagdas D, Yilmaz M, Kandemir N, Tezcan I, Etzioni A, Sanal O. A Novel Mutation in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II/CDGIIc. (medscape.com)
Antibodies4
- While these preformed antibodies may result from prior transplants, prior blood transfusions, or pregnancy, hyperacute rejection is most commonly from antibodies to ABO blood group antigens. (wikipedia.org)
- The antibody hypothesis states that a human leukocyte antigen (HLA class I, HLA class II) or human neutrophil antigen (HNA) antibody in the transfused component reacts with neutrophil antigens in the recipient (ie, when antileukocyte antibodies are transfused passively in a plasma-containing blood component). (medscape.com)
- 12. Sachs UJ, Wienzek-Lischka S, Duong Y, Qiu D, Hinrichs W, Cooper N, Santoso S, Bayat B, Bein G (2020) Maternal antibodies against paternal class I human leukocyte antigens are not associated with foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. (uni-giessen.de)
- During pregnancy the formation of alloreactive anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies are a major cause of acute rejection in organ transplantation and of adverse effects in blood transfusion. (frontiersin.org)
Medicine and Hemotherapy1
- Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie 47 (1): 14-22. (uni-giessen.de)
History of blood transfusion2
- The history of blood transfusion originated with William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation in 1628. (medscape.com)
- There was no prior history of blood transfusion. (ispub.com)
Hematopoietic2
- NOD/LtSz-Rag1nullPfpnull mice: a new model system with increased levels of human peripheral leukocyte and hematopoietic stem-cell engraftment. (umassmed.edu)
- Casgevy has been approved to treat patients with sickle cell disease with recurrent vaso-occlusive crises and transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia aged 12 years or older, for whom a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched related hematopoietic stem cell donor is not available. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Regular transfusions3
- He needed regular transfusions every 25-30 days. (india4u.com)
- These regular transfusions can be associated with multiple health complications of their own, including problems in the heart, liver, and other organs due to an excessive build-up of iron in the body. (genengnews.com)
- The safety and effectiveness of Zynteglo were established in two multicenter clinical studies that included adult and pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia requiring regular transfusions. (genengnews.com)
Granulocyte transfusions2
- Experimental pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in leukopenic dogs: prolongation of survival by combined treatment with passive antibody to Pseudomonas and granulocyte transfusions. (umassmed.edu)
- granulocyte transfusions were not clinically successful. (medscape.com)
Graft versus1
- Leukoreduced RBCs still contain enough leukocytes capable of producing transfusion-associated graft versus host disease (TAGVHD) in susceptible patients. (utmb.edu)
Donor7
- The transfer of leukocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor. (umassmed.edu)
- Prolonged survival of neonatal porcine islet xenografts in mice treated with a donor-specific transfusion and anti-CD154 antibody. (umassmed.edu)
- Virus-induced abrogation of transplantation tolerance induced by donor-specific transfusion and anti-CD154 antibody. (umassmed.edu)
- Ensure that regulatory agencies and blood transfusion services have clear guidelines and standards for donor screening, testing, and quality control. (researchgate.net)
- New Delhi, May 4 : Thanks to his donor brother, a 25-year-old thalassemia patient is now living a transfusion-free life after undergoing a high-risk bone marrow transplant, doctors at BLK Super Speciality Hospital here said on Friday. (india4u.com)
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only cure, but non-availability of a suitable HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-matched donor, inherent high risk of procedure and high cost restricts its practicality," Choudhary added. (india4u.com)
- Blood is selected for transfusion so the blood groups of the donor match those of the patient receiving the blood as closely as possible. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
Deficiency2
- The concept comprises early screening and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency, a transfusion and coagulation algorithm during delivery, as well as cell salvage. (karger.com)
- Rare inherited anaemias include Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA), congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias (CDA), congenital sideroblastic anaemias (CSA), and disorders of red cell membrane and enzymes, such as hereditary spherocytosis and pyruvate kinase deficiency (if transfusion dependent). (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
Allogeneic blood products1
- Technology making the transfusion of allogeneic blood products feasible includes Karl Landsteiner's landmark identification of the human blood groups A, B, and O in 1901. (medscape.com)
Iron chelation2
- Patients receiving long-term transfusion therapy also require iron chelation. (medscape.com)
- The FDA approval of Zynteglo offers people with beta-thalassemia the possibility of freedom from burdensome regular red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation, and unlocks new possibilities in their daily lives," said Andrew Obenshain, CEO of Bluebird Bio. (genengnews.com)
Cytomegalovirus3
- In accordance with the research titled 'Transfusion Services in Tropical Africa: Challenges and Prospects from the Nigerian Perspective' conducted by Sagir Gumel Ahmed in 2022, unlike other routinely tested transfusion transmissible infections such as HIV, & hepatitis B and C viruses, Cytomegalovirus is said to be highly contagious and prevalent especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. (researchgate.net)
- With this, why is transfusion transmissible infection (TTI) such as Cytomegalovirus not routinely tested among blood donors in several countries like Nigeria? (researchgate.net)
- Whole blood transfusions carry the risk for non-septic infections including human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) hepatitis B and C viruses ( HBV and HCV ), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), cytomegalovirus ( CMV ), West Nile virus (WNV), parvovirus B19, Lyme disease , babesiosis , malaria , Chagas disease and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( vCJD ). (medicinenet.com)
Stop the transfusion2
- If a transfusion reaction is suspected during blood administration, the safest practice is to stop the transfusion and keep the intravenous line open with 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline). (medscape.com)
- If transfusion reaction is suspected, stop the transfusion, assess and stabilize the patient, and notify the blood bank to initiate an investigation. (medicinenet.com)
Depletion4
- The findings suggest that the forthcoming introduction of universal leucocyte depletion of red cell concentrates will minimize the worsening of thrombocytopenia that occurs in severely thrombocytopenic patients receiving standard non-leucocyte-depleted red cell concentrates. (ox.ac.uk)
- To evaluate the feasibility of using intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) in combination with leucocyte depletion filter (LDF) in eliminating tumour cells from blood salvaged during metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS). (researchgate.net)
- Summary: This is the first ever study to report the successful elimination of malignant cells from salvaged blood obtained during metastatic spine tumor surgery using a leucocyte depletion filter. (researchgate.net)
- We undertook this study to investigate receptor (IL-2R) accumulation is related to whether the cytokine accumulation in PCs the leukocyte content of the platelet comc obtained from single apheresis donors was ponent and can be reduced by prestorage beyond the acceptable limits of WBC conc leukocyte depletion [ 3 ]. (who.int)
Recipients1
- Avoiding and monitoring transfusion-transmissible diseases (TTDs) is crucial to ensure the safety of blood transfusions and protect both donors and recipients. (researchgate.net)
Beta-thalassemia4
- Vertex and CRISPR's Casgevy has received conditional approval in the UK for treating sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Casgevy has been approved for treating sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia patients aged 12 and older in the UK. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- The FDA has approved Bluebird Bio's Zynteglo as the first cell-based gene therapy for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia who require regular red blood cell transfusions. (genengnews.com)
- Today's approval is an important advance in the treatment of beta-thalassemia, particularly in individuals who require ongoing red blood cell transfusions," said Peter Marks, MD, PhD, director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (genengnews.com)
Thalassemia patients4
- These cells produce higher levels of foetal haemoglobin (HbF), which can remove the need for transfusion in thalassemia patients and prevent vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell patients. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- The trials met their primary endpoint with 16 out of 17 sickle cell patients showing freedom from vaso-occlusive crises and 24 out of 27 thalassemia patients being transfusion-independent for at least 12 consecutive months, as per a 9 June press release . (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Thalassemia patients generally have to get frequent blood transfusions to manage their condition. (india4u.com)
- Characterization of pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in a large academic center. (cdc.gov)
Least 121
- Effectiveness was established based on achievement of transfusion independence, which is attained when the patient maintains a pre-determined level of hemoglobin without needing any red blood cell transfusions for at least 12 months. (genengnews.com)
Reduction3
- There was a mean reduction of 1.1 x 109/l (P = 0.43) in the platelet count after transfusions of 2-3 units of leucocyte-depleted red cell concentrates (20 patients). (ox.ac.uk)
- However, there was a mean reduction of 2.7 x 109/l (P = 0.03), approximately 10%, in the platelet count after transfusions of non-leucocyte-depleted red cell concentrates (10 patients). (ox.ac.uk)
- All whole blood transfusions must be given using blood administration sets containing 170- to 260-micron filters or 20- to 40-micron microaggregate filters, unless transfusion is given via a bedside leukocyte reduction filter. (medicinenet.com)
Associated with increased mortality2
- This observational study does not support the view that blood transfusions are associated with increased mortality rates in acutely ill patients. (asahq.org)
- Observation studies have reported that a higher transfusion volume was associated with increased mortality. (accjournal.org)
Hemoglobin1
- However, the management of hemoglobin levels and transfusion of blood products in patients receiving ECMO is still a subject of debate. (accjournal.org)
Platelet Concentrates2
- Fresh whole blood has long been thought of as the criterion standard for transfusion, but the advent of whole blood fractionation techniques subsequent to World War II provided a means of more efficient use of the various components (i.e., packed red blood cells [PRBCs], fresh frozen plasma [FFP], individual factor concentrates, platelet concentrates, cryoprecipitate). (medscape.com)
- The study found significant cytokine accumulation during 5 days of storage time in leukocyte contaminated platelet concentrates, suggesting that the platelet storage time has an effect on IL-2R levels. (who.int)
Disorders3
- Sickle cell disorder and thalassaemia are both inherited blood disorders where people are often treated with blood transfusions. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
- We are only offering testing in these disorders if patients need regular blood transfusions - there are about 200 patients in England who fit these criteria. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
- Neonatal Leukocyte Disorders 84. (booksca.ca)
Undergone1
- Berwal had undergone blood transfusions since he was three-and-a-half years old. (india4u.com)
Mortality6
- To reduce morbidity and mortality as a result of uncontrolled hemorrhage, patients needing a massive transfusion, specifically addressed in detail later in this chapter, must be quickly identified so that immediate interventions can prevent the development of the lethal triad of coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis. (medscape.com)
- Honig LS, Kang MS, Schupf N, Lee JH, Mayeux R. Association of shorter leukocyte telomere repeat length with dementia and mortality. (jamanetwork.com)
- Are Blood Transfusions Associated with Greater Mortality Rates? (asahq.org)
- The authors investigated the relation of blood transfusion to mortality in European intensive care units (ICUs). (asahq.org)
- There was a direct relation between the number of blood transfusions and the mortality rate, but in multivariate analysis, blood transfusion was not significantly associated with a worse mortality rate. (asahq.org)
- However, blood transfusions are known to increase morbidity and mortality, as well as hospital cost, in critically ill patients. (accjournal.org)
Apheresis1
- Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis 59 (1): 102712. (uni-giessen.de)
RBCs6
- Patients who benefit most from the transfusion of RBCs include those with chronic anemia resulting from kidney failure or gastrointestinal bleeding, and those with acute blood loss resulting from surgery or trauma. (utmb.edu)
- In the absence of hemorrhage or active bleeding, the initial recommended dose is one unit for adults and 10mL/Kg for pediatrics with a reassessment post transfusion to determine the need for additional RBCs. (utmb.edu)
- Whole blood may also be reconstituted using stored plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets, usually used for cardiovascular surgeries and exchange transfusions in newborn babies . (medicinenet.com)
- Transfusion of washed, leukocyte-poor red blood cells (RBCs) at approximately 8-15 mL RBCs per kilogram (kg) of body weight over 1-2 hours is recommended. (medscape.com)
- In their study of 116 patients (51 males and 65 females) with thalassemia major, males were receiving more units of RBCs per transfusion and had a higher annual transfusion volume, but with correction for weight, females were receiving a higher transfused volume per kg: 225 versus 202 mL/kg in males ( P =0.028). (medscape.com)
- In current practice, patients on ECMO receive a transfusion, on average, of 1-5 packed red blood cells (RBCs)/day, with platelet transfusion accounting for the largest portion of transfusion volume. (accjournal.org)
Infection2
- In 1971, hepatitis B surface antigen testing heralded the advent of screening to minimize infection transmission complicating allogeneic transfusion. (medscape.com)
- Investigate and analyze any suspected transfusion-transmitted infection cases to identify the source and prevent future occurrences. (researchgate.net)
Organ1
- The HLA system is used to assess tissue compatibility for organ transplantation and platelet transfusion. (discovernikkei.org)
Practice3
- In spite of widespread use, data supporting specific practice paradigms for whole blood and component therapy transfusion are lacking, the notable exception being in the primary treatment of hemorrhagic shock. (medscape.com)
- The goal was to compare the impact of RHD genotyping on transfusion practice in two centers serving different populations. (sdu.dk)
- In the present article, we aimed to review the current transfusion practice and introduce the existing evidence on transfusion strategies for patients undergoing ECMO. (accjournal.org)
Clinical1
- BD Biosciences offers clinical flow cytometers and assays for enumerating residual leukocytes in leukoreduced blood products. (bdbiosciences.com)
Indications2
- Active hemorrhage resulting in shock is one of the few evidence-based established indications for transfusion. (medscape.com)
- Leukocyte-reduced red blood cells are prepared using special filters and have special indications. (utmb.edu)
Reaction3
- The onset of red urine during or shortly after a blood transfusion may represent hemoglobinuria (indicating an acute hemolytic reaction) or hematuria (indicating bleeding in the lower urinary tract). (medscape.com)
- In most cases, the residual contents of the blood component container should be returned the blood bank, together with a freshly collected blood sample from the patient, and a transfusion reaction investigation should be initiated. (medscape.com)
- Monitor patients for signs of transfusion reaction, including vital signs, before, during, and after whole blood transfusion . (medicinenet.com)
Antigens2
- Blood banking considerations for these patients include completely typing their erythrocytes for Rh and ABO antigens prior to the first transfusion. (medscape.com)
- 3. Alloantibodies produced by leucocyte immunization (conventionally induced antisera) were directed only to RT1-encoded (major histocompatibility complex, MHC) antigens. (portlandpress.com)
Hemorrhage3
- Opinions are embraced and defended, but transfusion of red blood cells has not reliably demonstrated increased survival, other than in 2 specific populations, as follows: (1) those with active hemorrhage, and (2) those with active cardiac ischemia. (medscape.com)
- The first transfusion of human blood for the treatment of hemorrhage was performed by Dr. James Blundell in London in 1818. (medscape.com)
- ALTHOUGH blood transfusion can be life-saving in extreme circumstances, in the absence of life-threatening hemorrhage, the topic of transfusion is somewhat controversial. (asahq.org)
Neutrophils1
- The leucocyte count was normal with a differential of 65% neutrophils, 30% lymphocytes and 5%monocytes. (ispub.com)
Residual1
- Enumerating residual leukocytes in leukoreduced blood products is critical to ensure the quality of blood components. (bdbiosciences.com)
Frequent1
- NHFR are frequent tamination at different storage timecpoints, sideceffects that occur in 4% to 30% of to quantify the effects of storage on platec platelet transfusions. (who.int)
Generally2
- Whole blood is primarily used for transfusion in adults with massive blood loss and active bleeding, who generally require all the blood components. (medicinenet.com)
- Generally, adult patients require more transfusions than neonates or children, and patients receiving venovenous ECMO for respiratory failure tend to need smaller transfusion volumes compared to those receiving venoarterial ECMO for cardiac failure. (accjournal.org)
Massive2
- [ 1 ] Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) should be institutionally monitored by a blood utilization committee that can track initiation, cessation, component wastage, storage of blood products outside of the blood bank, transport standards, and compliance with applicable Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. (medscape.com)
- Massive or rapid transfusion of whole blood may lead to arrhythmias, hypothermia , hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia , metabolic alkalosis, and heart failure . (medicinenet.com)
Blood products1
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is frequently associated with bleeding and coagulopathy complications, which may lead to the need for transfusion of multiple blood products. (accjournal.org)