Laryngoscopy
Intubation, Intratracheal
Larynx
Airway Management
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Fiber Optic Technology
Laryngeal Diseases
Glottis
Vocal Cords
A pair of cone-shaped elastic mucous membrane projecting from the laryngeal wall and forming a narrow slit between them. Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production.
Anesthesia, General
Video Recording
Laryngitis
Epiglottis
Laryngeal Masks
A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.
Retrognathia
Lingual Nerve Injuries
Tooth Injuries
Laryngeal Edema
Laryngostenosis
Arytenoid Cartilage
Laryngomalacia
Video-Assisted Surgery
Thyroid Cartilage
Voice Quality
Speech-Language Pathology
Head
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Preanesthetic Medication
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Propofol
An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
Androstanols
Anesthetics, Intravenous
Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
Dysgeusia
Thiopental
Cervical Vertebrae
Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.
Immobilization
Alfentanil
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
Succinylcholine
A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.
Chin
The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve.
Management of laryngeal foreign bodies in children. (1/460)
Foreign body aspiration is one of the leading causes of accidental death in children. Food items are the most common items aspirated in infants and toddlers, whereas older children are more likely to aspirate non-food items. Laryngeal impaction of a foreign body is very rare as most aspirated foreign bodies pass through the laryngeal inlet and get lodged lower down in the airway. Two rare cases of foreign body aspiration with subglottic impaction in very young children (under 2 years of age) are described. In both the cases subglottic impaction occurred consequent to attempted removal of foreign body by blind finger sweeping. The clinical presentation, investigations, and management of these rare cases are discussed. (+info)Correlating fibreoptic nasotracheal endoscopy performance and psychomotor aptitude. (2/460)
We have investigated the correlation between the scores attained on computerized psychometric tests, measuring psychomotor and information processing aptitudes, and learning fibreoptic endoscopy with the videoendoscope. Sixteen anaesthetic trainees performed two adaptive tracking tasks (ADTRACK 2 and ADTRACK 3) and one information management task (MAZE) from the MICROPAT testing system. They then embarked on a standardized fibreoptic training programme during which they performed 15 supervised fibreoptic nasotracheal intubations on anaesthetized oral surgery patients. There was a significant correlation between the means of the 15 endoscopy times and both ADTRACK 2 (r = -0.599, P = 0.014) and ADTRACK 3 (r = -0.589, P = 0.016) scores. The correlation between the means of the 15 endoscopy times and MAZE scores was not significant. The ratios of the mean endoscopy time for the last seven endoscopies to the mean endoscopy time for the first seven endoscopies were not significantly correlated with ADTRACK 2, ADTRACK 3 or MAZE scores. Psychomotor abilities appeared to be determinants of trainees' initial proficiency in endoscopy, but did not appear to be determinants of trainees' rates of progress during early fibreoptic training. (+info)Perianesthetic dental injuries: frequency, outcomes, and risk factors. (3/460)
BACKGROUND: Dental injury is well-recognized as a potential complication of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. However, the frequency, outcomes, and risk factors for this problem have not been documented in a well-defined patient population. METHODS: The authors analyzed the dental injuries of 598,904 consecutive cases performed on patients who required anesthetic services from 1987 through 1997. Dental injuries were defined as perianesthetic events (those occurring within 7 days) that required dental interventions to repair, stabilize, or extract involved dentition or support structures. A 1:3 case-control study of 16 patient and procedural characteristics was performed for cases that occurred during the first 5 yr of the study. Conditional logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There were 132 cases (1:4,537 patients) of dental injury. One half of these injuries occurred during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The upper incisors were the most commonly involved teeth, and most injuries were crown fractures and partial dislocations and dislodgements. Multivariate risk factors for dental injury in the case control study included general anesthesia with tracheal intubation (odds ratio [OR] = 89), preexisting poor dentition (OR = 50), and increased difficulty of laryngoscopy and intubation (OR = 11). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data from a large surgical population at a single training institution, approximately 1:4,500 patients who receive anesthesia services sustain a dental injury that requires repair or extraction. Patients most at risk for perianesthetic dental injury include those with preexisting poor dentition who have one or more risk factors for difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. (+info)Bolus dose remifentanil for control of haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia. (4/460)
The effect of three bolus doses of remifentanil on the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in four groups of 20 patients each. After preoxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with thiopental 5-7 mg kg-1 followed immediately by saline (placebo) or remifentanil 0.5, 1.0 or 1.25 micrograms kg-1 given as a bolus over 30 s. Cricoid pressure was applied just after loss of consciousness. Succinylcholine 1 mg kg-1 was given for neuromuscular block. Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were performed 1 min later. Arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded at intervals until 5 min after intubation. Remifentanil 0.5 microgram kg-1 was ineffective in controlling the increase in heart rate and arterial pressure after intubation but the 1.0 and 1.25 micrograms kg-1 doses were effective in controlling the response. The use of the 1.25 micrograms kg-1 dose was however, associated with a decrease in systolic arterial pressure to less than 90 mm Hg in seven of 20 patients. (+info)Laryngeal movements during the respiratory cycle measured with an endoscopic imaging technique in the conscious horse at rest. (5/460)
A video-laryngoscopic method, implemented with an algorithm for the correction of the deformation inherent in the endoscope optical system, has been used to measure the dorsoventral diameter (Drg) and the cross-sectional area (CSArg) of the rima glottidis in five healthy workhorses during conscious breathing at rest. Simultaneous recording of the respiratory airflow was also obtained in two horses. Drg measured 82.7 +/- 4.5 mm (mean +/- S.D.) independently of the respiratory phase, and did not differ from the measurement in post-mortem anatomical specimens of the same horses. CSArg ranged from 1130 +/- 117 mm2 (mean +/- S.D.) during the inspiratory phase to 640 +/- 242 mm2 during the expiratory phase; being always narrower than tracheal cross-sectional area, which was 1616 +/- 224 mm2, as determined from anatomical specimens. Both inspiratory and expiratory airflow waves displayed a biphasic pattern. Maximal laryngeal opening occurred in phase with the second inspiratory peak, while during expiration CSArg attained a minimum value during the first expiratory peak which was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) than the area subsequently maintained during the rest of the expiratiory phase. These quantitative measurements of equine laryngeal movements substantiate the important role played by the larynx in regulating upper airway respiratory resistance and the expiratory airflow pattern at rest. (+info)Intramuscular rocuronium in infants and children: a multicenter study to evaluate tracheal intubating conditions, onset, and duration of action. (6/460)
BACKGROUND: This multicenter, assessor-blinded, randomized study was done to confirm and extend a pilot study showing that intramuscular rocuronium can provide adequate tracheal intubating conditions in infants (2.5 min) and children (3 min) during halothane anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-eight infants (age range, 3-12 months) and 38 children (age range, 1 to 5 yr) classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2 were evaluated at four investigational sites. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane and oxygen (1% end-tidal concentration if <2.5 yr; 0.80% end-tidal concentration if >2.5 yr) for 5 min. One half of the patients received 0.45 mg/kg intravenous rocuronium. The others received 1 mg/kg (infants) or 1.8 mg/kg (children) of intramuscular rocuronium into the deltoid muscle. Intubating conditions and mechanomyographic responses to ulnar nerve stimulation were assessed. RESULTS: The conditions for tracheal intubation at 2.5 and 3 min in infants and children, respectively, were inadequate in a high percentage of patients in the intramuscular group. Nine of 16 infants and 10 of 17 children had adequate or better intubating conditions at 3.5 and 4 min, respectively, after intramuscular rocuronium. Better-than-adequate intubating conditions were achieved in 14 of 15 infants and 16 of 17 children given intravenous rocuronium. Intramuscular rocuronium provided > or =98% blockade in 7.4+/-3.4 min (in infants) and 8+/-6.3 min (in children). Twenty-five percent recovery occurred in 79+/-26 min (in infants) and in 86+/-22 min (in children). CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular rocuronium, in the doses and conditions tested, does not consistently provide satisfactory tracheal intubating conditions in infants and children and is not an adequate alternative to intramuscular succinylcholine when rapid intubation is necessary. (+info)Clinical assessment of a plastic optical fiber stylet for human tracheal intubation. (7/460)
BACKGROUND: The authors compared the performance of a prototype intubation aid that incorporated plastic illumination and image guides into a stylet with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation by novice users. METHODS: In a randomized, nonblinded design, patients were assigned to direct laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, or imaging stylet intubation groups. The quality of laryngeal view and ease with which it was attained for each intubation was graded by the laryngoscopist. Time to intubation was measured in 1-min increments. A sore-throat severity grade was obtained after operation. RESULTS: There were no differences in demographic, physical examination, or surgical course characteristics among the groups. The laryngoscope produced an adequate laryngeal view more easily than did the imaging stylet or bronchoscope (P = 0.001) but caused the highest incidence of postoperative sore throat (P<0.05). Although the time to intubation for direct laryngoscopy was shorter than for imaging stylet, which was shorter than fiberoptic bronchoscopy (P<0.05), the quality of laryngeal view with the imaging stylet was inferior to both direct laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Novices using the imaging stylet produce fewer cases of sore throat (compared with direct laryngoscopy) and can intubate faster than when using a bronchoscope in anesthetized adult patients. The imaging stylet may be a useful aid for tracheal intubation, especially for those unable to maintain skills with a bronchoscope. (+info)Laryngeal mask airway size selection in males and females: ease of insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressure, pharyngeal mucosal pressures and anatomical position. (8/460)
We have compared ease of insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressure, directly measured pharyngeal mucosal pressure and anatomical position (assessed fibreoptically) for the size 4 and size 5 laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in 20 male and 20 female patients. Microchip pressure sensors were attached to the LMA at locations corresponding to the piriform fossa, hypopharynx, base of the tongue, lateral and posterior pharynx, and the oropharynx. Oropharyngeal leak pressure, mucosal pressure and fibreoptic position were recorded during inflation of the cuff from 0 to 30 ml in 10-ml increments. In males, oropharyngeal leak pressure over the inflation range was higher for size 5 (21 vs 17 cm H2O; P = 0.01); mucosal pressure over the inflation range was higher in the posterior pharynx for size 4 (7 vs 2 cm H2O; P = 0.007), and higher in the piriform fossa (8 vs 5 cm H2O; P = 0.003) and hypopharynx (9 vs 5 cm H2O; P = 0.003) for size 5. In females, oropharyngeal leak pressure over the inflation range was the same (21 vs 21 cm H2O), but mucosal pressure over the inflation range was higher in the piriform fossa (21 vs 8 cm H2O; P = 0.003) and posterior pharynx (4 vs 2 cm H2O; P = 0.004) for size 4, and higher in the lateral pharynx (5 vs 1 cm H2O; P = 0.01) and oropharynx (11 vs 5 cm H2O; P = 0.009) for size 5. The distribution of mucosal pressure was different for size 4 between males and females, but not for size 5. For both males and females, fibreoptic position was similar. We conclude that the size 5 LMA is optimal in males, but either size is suitable for females. The shape of the pharynx may be different between males and females. (+info)
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the short coat: Direct Laryngoscopy May Be Dead - Just Not to Me
News | New Universal Video Laryngoscopy landing page
Indirect Laryngoscopy
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Laryngoscopy Microlaryngoscopy
Shoulder and head elevation improves laryngoscopic view for tracheal intubation in nonobese as well as obese individuals<...
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SMACC (general)
Office Based Direct Videolaryngoscopy Using a Zero Degree 4 mm Sinuscope
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PPT - DIFFICULT AIRWAY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PowerPoint Presentation - ID:6692940
Comparison of the fibreoptic scope and plastic bougie for tracheal intubation in simulated difficult laryngoscopy - Oxford...
Laryngoscopy video: Indirect Laryngoscopy
Endotracheal Intubation
Laryngoscopy - Hastings Research Lab - Department of Anesthesiology - School of Medicine, UCSD
Nasal laryngoscopy
Evaluation of an improved scoring system for the grading of direct laryngoscopy
Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients: a comprehensive systematic review of randomized trials - Zurich Open...
Direct laryngoscopy | definition of direct laryngoscopy by Medical dictionary
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Welch Allyn English MacIntosh Laryngoscope Blade, Size 1 (Model 69241)
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Contact granuloma
Laryngoscopy can allow visualization of the suspected granuloma while also checking for signs of vocal abuse. Laryngoscopy, as ... Identification is carried out by laryngoscopy, which produces an image of the lesion in the form of an abnormal growth (nodule ... Diagnosis of contact granulomas require visualization using laryngoscopy, and may require further biopsy for differential ... Atlas of laryngoscopy. Sataloff, Robert Thayer. (Third ed.). San Diego, CA. ISBN 9781597566018. OCLC 865508931. Sataloff, ...
History of general anesthesia
In 1913, Chevalier Jackson (1865-1958) was the first to report a high rate of success for the use of direct laryngoscopy as a ... Pioneer of direct laryngoscopy". Anaesthesia. 41 (1): 42-5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12702.x. PMID 3511764. S2CID ... Kirstein performed the first direct laryngoscopy in Berlin, using an esophagoscope he had modified for this purpose; he called ... Janeway was thus instrumental in popularizing the widespread use of direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in the practice ...
Tracheal intubation
Videos of direct laryngoscopy recorded with the Airway Cam (TM) imaging system Examples of some devices for facilitation of ... In 1913, Chevalier Jackson was the first to report a high rate of success for the use of direct laryngoscopy as a means to ... Laryngoscopy and non-surgical techniques In 1854, a Spanish singing teacher named Manuel García (1805-1906) became the first ... Pioneer of direct laryngoscopy". Anaesthesia. 41 (1): 42-5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12702.x. PMID 3511764. S2CID ...
History of tracheal intubation
In 1913, Chevalier Jackson was the first to report a high rate of success for the use of direct laryngoscopy as a means to ... Also in the late 19th century, advances in endoscopic instrumentation had improved to such a degree that direct laryngoscopy ... Kirstein performed the first direct laryngoscopy in Berlin, using an esophagoscope he had modified for this purpose; he called ... Janeway was thus instrumental in popularizing the widespread use of direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in the practice ...
Cricoid pressure
Haslam, N; Parker, L; Duggan, JE (2005). "Effect of cricoid pressure on the view at laryngoscopy". Anaesthesia. 60 (1): 41-7. ... Knill, RL (1993). "Difficult laryngoscopy made easy with a "BURP"". Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 40 (3): 279-82. doi:10.1007 ... Effect of cricoid pressure on the view at laryngoscopy. Anesthesia (2005): 60: 41-47 Hocking, G., Roberts, F.L., Thew, M.E. ... which is used to improve the view of the glottis during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, rather than to prevent ...
Ludwig Türck
Practical guide to laryngoscopy); (1860) Klinik der Krankheiten des Kehlkopfes und der Luftröhre, nebst einer Anleitung zum ...
Cyril Arthur Bennett Horsford
Its value in Indirect Laryngoscopy Cancer of the Larynx Obituary, Mr. Cyril Horsford, The Times, 17 December 1953, p.8 " ... Its Value in Indirect Laryngoscopy". BMJ. 1 (2731): 928-929. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.2731.928. PMC 2299126. PMID 20766613.. ...
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
"Laryngoscopy during swimming: A novel diagnostic technique to characterize swimming-induced laryngeal obstruction: Laryngoscopy ... The current gold-standard means for diagnosing EILO is the continuous laryngoscopy during exercise test (CLE-test). This test ... "Continuous laryngoscopy quantitates laryngeal behaviour in exercise and recovery". The European Respiratory Journal. 48 (4): ... "Feasibility of portable continuous laryngoscopy during exercise testing". ERJ Open Research. 5 (1): 00219-2018. doi:10.1183/ ...
Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory Testing
Prospective controlled evaluation of pH testing, laryngoscopy and laryngopharyngeal sensory testing (LPST) shows a specific ... post inter-arytenoid neuropathy in proximal GERD (P-GERD). LPST improves laryngoscopy diagnostic yield in P-GERD. Am J Gastro ...
Laryngeal papillomatosis
In indirect laryngoscopy, the tongue is pulled forward and a laryngeal mirror or a rigid scope is passed through the mouth to ... Another variation of indirect laryngoscopy involves passing a flexible scope, known as a fiberscope or endoscope, through the ... This procedure is also called flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. The appearance of papillomas has been described as multiple or ... Laryngeal papillomatosis is initially diagnosed through indirect laryngoscopy upon observation of growths on the larynx and can ...
Epiglottis
The epiglottis here is shown as '2'. Structures of the larynx as viewed during laryngoscopy. The leaf-like epiglottis is shown ...
Laryngomalacia
The physician will ask some questions about the baby's health problems and may recommend a flexible laryngoscopy to further ... Additional testing can be done to confirm the diagnoses including; flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy, airway fluoroscopy, direct ... laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. Time is the only treatment necessary in more than 90% of infant cases. In other cases, surgery ...
Dysphagia
Esophagoscopy and laryngoscopy can give direct view of lumens. Esophageal motility study is useful in cases of esophageal ...
Dysgeusia
A surgical risk for laryngoscopy and tonsillectomy include dysgeusia. Patients who suffer from the burning mouth syndrome, most ...
Rapid sequence induction
During this stage, laryngoscopy is performed to visualize the glottis. Modern practice involves the passing of a 'Bougie', a ... Atropine may also be used as a premedication agent in pediatrics to prevent bradycardia caused by hypoxia, laryngoscopy, and ... Atropine may be used to prevent a reflex bradycardia from vagal stimulation during laryngoscopy, especially in young children ... Lidocaine is also theorized to blunt a rise in intracranial pressure during laryngoscopy, although this remains controversial ...
Airtraq
Unlike in direct laryngoscopy, where the laryngoscope blade is inserted into the mouth laterally, the Airtraq is inserted into ... The Airtraq has been found to be advantageous over conventional direct laryngoscopy in situations were the cervical spine has ... Hirabayashi, Y; Fujita, A; Seo, N; Sugimoto, H (June 2008). "A comparison of cervical spine movement during laryngoscopy using ... Indirect laryngoscopy : Alternatives to securing the airway] (German)". Der Anaesthesist. 59 (2): 149-161. doi:10.1007/s00101- ...
Respiratory arrest
Laryngoscopy and intubation are uncomfortable procedures, so etomidate may be delivered. Etomidate is a short-acting IV drug ... and intracranial pressure caused by laryngoscopy. Atropine can be given when children produce a vagal response, evidenced by ...
Victor von Bruns
Laryngoscopy and laryngoscopic surgery); Tübingen 1865, with atlas; second edition- 1873 Die Galvano-Chirurgie (Electrosurgery ...
Morell Mackenzie
He published several books on laryngoscopy and diseases of the throat. Biographies of Mackenzie were published by H.R. Haweis ( ...
Richard M. Levitan
Collins, Jeremy S.; Lemmens, Harry J.M.; Brodsky, Jay B.; Brock-Utne, John G.; Levitan, Richard M. (2004). "Laryngoscopy and ... "The Complexities of Tracheal Intubation With Direct Laryngoscopy and Alternative Intubation Devices". Annals of Emergency ...
Oncology
Endoscopy including Naso-pharyngoscopy, Direct & Indirect Laryngoscopy, Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, ...
János Bókai
He also pioneered rhino-laryngology and the development of laryngoscopy and rhinoscopy. He wrote the anamnesis of Ignaz ...
Cormack-Lehane classification system
Yentis, S.M.; Lee, D.J. (1998). "Evaluation of an improved scoring system for the grading of direct laryngoscopy". Anaesthesia ... The Cormack-Lehane system classifies views obtained by direct laryngoscopy based on the structures seen. It was initially ... "The modified Cormack-Lehane score for the grading of direct laryngoscopy: evaluation in the Asian population". Anaesthesia and ...
Tracheal intubation
Pioneer of direct laryngoscopy". Anaesthesia. 41 (1): 42-5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12702.x. PMID 3511764.. ... In 1913, Chevalier Jackson was the first to report a high rate of success for the use of direct laryngoscopy as a means to ... Haslam, N; Parker, L; Duggan, JE (2005). "Effect of cricoid pressure on the view at laryngoscopy". Anaesthesia. 60 (1): 41-7. ... Also at that time, advances in endoscopic instrumentation had improved to such a degree that direct laryngoscopy had become a ...
Esmolol
... is also used in blunting the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. A loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg is given ... "Comparison of Esmolol and Dexmedetomidine for Suppression of Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation ...
Laryngitis
If concerning signs are present the vocal cords should be examined via laryngoscopy. Other conditions that can produce similar ... The larynx itself will often show erythema (reddening) and edema (swelling). This can be seen with laryngoscopy or stroboscopy ... including direct laryngoscopy. The prognosis for chronic laryngitis varies depending on the cause of the laryngitis. Wood, John ...
Hyoepiglottic ligament
It is clinically important in performing direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh laryngoscope blade; the blade tip is placed in ...
Laryngoscopy - Wikipedia
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laryngoscopy.. *Videos of direct laryngoscopy recorded with the Airway Cam (TM) imaging ... Indirect laryngoscopy[edit]. Indirect laryngoscopy is performed whenever the provider visualizes the patients vocal cords by a ... The word laryngoscopy uses combining forms of laryngo- and -scopy. References[edit]. *^ Hunting, Penelope (2002). The history ... Laryngoscopy (/ˌlærɪŋˈɡɒskəpi/) is endoscopy of the larynx, a part of the throat. It is a medical procedure that is used to ...
Laryngoscopy
Surgeries and Procedures: Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy, a visual examination below the back of the throat, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, ... Fiber-optic (flexible) laryngoscopy / Direct laryngoscopy. Fiber-optic or direct laryngoscopy examinations allow doctors to see ... Direct laryngoscopy. After a direct laryngoscopy, your child will be watched by a nurse until fully awake and able to swallow. ... direct laryngoscopy. Indirect laryngoscopy. The indirect procedure can be performed in the doctors office using a small hand ...
Laryngoscopy (for Parents) - Nemours
Laryngoscopy, a visual exam of the voicebox and airway, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, throat or ... What Happens During Laryngoscopy?. Indirect laryngoscopy and flexible laryngoscopies often are done in the doctors office. ... Why Is Laryngoscopy Done?. Doctors do a laryngoscopy (lair-en-GOS-kuh-pee) to:. *look into what is causing a long-lasting cough ... What Is Laryngoscopy?. Laryngoscopy is when a doctor uses a special camera to look down the throat to see the voice box (larynx ...
Laryngoscopy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Laryngoscopy AR on the App Store
Laryngoscopy
Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Laryngoscopy in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s of ... Laryngoscopy. Three sagittal views of adolescents head and neck showing direct laryngoscopy using a curved blade.. Direct, ... Laryngoscopy. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Laryngoscopy in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes ...
Laryngoscopy - series-Indications: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Laryngoscopy: Purpose, Procedure, Types, And Complications
Types of Laryngoscopy. There are several ways your doctor may do this procedure:. Indirect laryngoscopy. This is the simplest ... Direct fiber-optic laryngoscopy. Many doctors now do this kind, sometimes called flexible laryngoscopy. She uses a small ... When Is Laryngoscopy Needed?. Your doctor may do it to find out why you have a sore throat that wont go away or to diagnose an ... Direct laryngoscopy. This is the most involved type. Your doctor uses a laryngoscope to push down your tongue and lift up the ...
Laryngoscopy and biopsy - child
... and an operation called a laryngoscopy is needed. ... Laryngoscopy and biopsy - child. Find out what happens when a ... This is called a micro-laryngoscopy. He may use a laser which is attached to the microscope. This is a very narrow beam of ... This operation is called a laryngoscopy.. Sometimes the surgeon shines a microscope through the telescope to help him operate ... The most dangerous, although very rare, complication after a laryngoscopy is the development of spasm or swelling in the area ...
Laryngoscopy - Canadian Cancer Society
During a a laryngoscopy, doctors can also perform specialized procedures in the throat. ... Laryngoscopy is a procedure that lets the doctor look at the back of the throat, the larynx (voice box) and the vocal cords ... Laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy is a procedure that lets the doctor look at the back of the throat, the voice box (also called the ... Why a laryngoscopy is done. You may have a laryngoscopy if you have:* throat or ear pain that doesnt go away ...
Beth's First Laryngoscopy - Vocal Cords in Action - YouTube
Laryngology 101: Laryngoscopy the art of seeing the voice (vocal cords) - Duration: 9:26. James Thomas 120,596 views ... Lesson 5 - Direct Laryngoscopy: MICU Fellows Airway Course - Duration: 14:33. Dr. Gallaghers Neighborhood 466,153 views ... Full Procedure - Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy with Dr. Hermsen - Duration: 1:35. McFarland Clinic 56,032 views ...
Indirect Laryngoscopy
Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Indirect Laryngoscopy in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s ... Indirect Laryngoscopy. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Indirect Laryngoscopy in minutes with SmartDraw. ... Indirect Laryngoscopy. Technique used in the indirect examination of larynx, patients tongue held in left hand, vocal cords ...
Surgeries and Procedures: Laryngoscopy (for Parents) - Nemours
Laryngoscopy, a visual examination below the back of the throat, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, ... Fiber-optic (flexible) laryngoscopy / Direct laryngoscopy. Fiber-optic or direct laryngoscopy examinations allow doctors to see ... Direct laryngoscopy. After a direct laryngoscopy, your child will be watched by a nurse until fully awake and able to swallow. ... Fiber-optic laryngoscopy. In a fiber-optic laryngoscopy the doctor will use a fiber-optic laryngoscope, which is a thin, ...
Laryngoscopy
... Test Overview. Laryngoscopy is an examination that lets your doctor look at the back of your throat, your voice ... Indirect laryngoscopy. Indirect laryngoscopy is done in a doctors office using a small hand mirror held at the back of the ... Direct rigid laryngoscopy. Before a rigid laryngoscopy, tell your doctor if you:. *Are allergic to any medicines, including ... Direct rigid laryngoscopy. You will be asleep and feel nothing during the laryngoscopy. After the procedure, you may have some ...
Bullard Laryngoscopy: Overview, Periprocedural Care, Technique
Background Bullard laryngoscopy uses a rigid fiberoptic laryngoscope that was designed for use with patients who are difficult ... Bullard laryngoscopy causes less cervical spine movement than conventional laryngoscopy. Moreover, in patients with cervical ... encoded search term (Bullard Laryngoscopy) and Bullard Laryngoscopy What to Read Next on Medscape ... Bullard Laryngoscopy. Updated: Jun 26, 2017 * Author: Jayita Poduval, MS, MBBS, DNB(ENT), DORL; Chief Editor: Meda Raghavendra ...
Nasal laryngoscopy
... , Laryngeal Exam, Nasopharyngoscopy, Rhinolaryngoscopy, Nasolaryngoscopy, Nasolaryngoscope, Laryngeal Lesion ... Nasal laryngoscopy. Nasal laryngoscopy Aka: Nasal laryngoscopy, Laryngeal Exam, Nasopharyngoscopy, Rhinolaryngoscopy, ... These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Nasal laryngoscopy." Click on the image (or right click) to ... Nasal laryngoscopy Nasal Packing Posterior Nasal Hemorrhage Management Warm Water Ear Lavage ...
Laryngoscopy News
Laryngoscopy in Children Who Are Difficult to Intubate Laryngoscopy in Children Who Are Difficult to Intubate. Is ... Video Laryngoscopy Does Not Improve Intubation Outcomes Video Laryngoscopy Does Not Improve Intubation Outcomes. In terms of ... Direct Laryngoscopy for Adults Requiring Intubation Video- vs. Direct Laryngoscopy for Adults Requiring Intubation. Do ... What Are Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal Intubation?. Title: What Are Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic- ...
Direct laryngoscopy - definition of direct laryngoscopy by The Free Dictionary
direct laryngoscopy synonyms, direct laryngoscopy pronunciation, direct laryngoscopy translation, English dictionary definition ... of direct laryngoscopy. n. A tubular endoscope that is inserted into the larynx through the mouth and used for observing the ... laryngoscopy. (redirected from direct laryngoscopy). Also found in: Medical, Encyclopedia. la·ryn·go·scope. (lə-rĭng′gə-skōp ... Direct laryngoscopy This technique allows doctors to inspect the larynx in greater detail and to use a device called an ...
Laryngoscopy | University of Maryland Medical Center
Laryngoscopy | Children's Education Materials
Laryngoscopy. Article Translations: (Spanish). About Laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy is a visual examination below the back of the ... During Laryngoscopy. Indirect laryngoscopy and flexible laryngoscopies often are performed in the doctors office, usually ... Why Is Laryngoscopy Performed?. Laryngoscopy is performed to:. *diagnose a constant cough, throat pain, bleeding, hoarseness, ... Indirect laryngoscopy will require your child to sit up straight in a high-backed chair with a headrest and open his or her ...
Suction Assisted Laryngoscopy Airway Decontamination - Wikipedia
Suction Assisted Laryngoscopy Airway Decontamination (SALAD) is incremental step-wise approach to the management of a massively ... "Suction Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination (SALAD): A technique for improved emergency airway management". ... Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy Assisted Decontamination (SALAD) System". Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 18 (1): 117-120 ... "Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy-Assisted Decontamination (SALAD) simulator for difficult airway management". Trends in ...
Four Secrets to Video Laryngoscopy
Head elevated laryngoscopy positioning - ideally ear-to-sternal notch when viewed from a lateral perspective - permits jaw ... These devices have tube delivery similar to direct laryngoscopy (straight-to-cuff 35 degree stylet shape, or even no stylet if ... With the imaging devices, as with direct laryngoscopy, epiglottoscopy remains fundamental; I never expose the larynx without ... as is done with direct laryngoscopy). The second phase of the procedure, additional jaw distraction and epiglottis control is ...
Laryngoscopy | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder.gov
Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal Intubation: Background, Indications, Contraindications
Video laryngoscopy is a form of indirect laryngoscopy in which the clinician does not directly view the larynx. Instead, ... Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal Intubation * Sections Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal ... Video laryngoscopy is a form of indirect laryngoscopy in which the clinician does not directly view the larynx. Instead, ... Review of video laryngoscopy and rigid fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008 Dec. 21 (6):750-8. [Medline]. ...
Laryngoscopy investigation | Treatments & Procedures | Spire Healthcare
Laryngoscopy investigation - A thin tube examines your throat for diagnosis and treatment. Learn about costs, procedure and ... One form of laryngoscopy allows your surgeon to examine your throat, take a tissue sample or give treatment at the same time. ... A laryngoscopy investigation is an examination of your throat using a thin tube called a laryngoscope, which has a tiny light ... Laryngoscopy is a relatively safe and straightforward examination of your throat and can be used to investigate why you might ...
Bronchoscopy | Laryngoscopy | Way to Grow | CHKD
A laryngoscopy is done to look at the vocal cords and the back of the throat. ... Bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy are two procedures done to look at the air passages and the lungs. Your childs doctor will pass ... Bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy are two procedures done to look at the air passages and the lungs. Your childs doctor will pass ... What to expect after a bronchoscopy and/or laryngoscopy:. *Most children are fussy and sleepy the first few hours after this ...
Demystifying Pediatric Laryngoscopy - Emergency Physicians Monthly
During laryngoscopy in infants the epiglottis and uvula are often touching; the epiglottis may be located within an inch of the ... This phase of laryngoscopy is far less forceful than efforts at maximizing laryngeal exposure (the second part of the procedure ... Steps in pediatric laryngoscopy: Image 1 shows enlarged kissing tonsils and the next landmark seen is the epiglottis (2). The ... Laryngoscopy in infants and small children is a technically easier procedure than in adults. Mouth opening, jaw joint mobility ...
Laryngoscopy
... , a visual exam of the voicebox and airway, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, throat or ... During Laryngoscopy. Indirect laryngoscopy and flexible laryngoscopies often are performed in the doctors office, usually ... About Laryngoscopy. Laryngoscopy is a visual examination below the back of the throat, where the voice box (larynx) containing ... Why Is Laryngoscopy Performed?. Laryngoscopy is performed to:. *diagnose a constant cough, throat pain, bleeding, hoarseness, ...
LarynxIndirectLaryngoscopeTrachealEndotrachealRigidProcedureBronchoscopyBiopsyGlideScopeLaryngoscopesPredict difficult laryngoscopyGlotticVisualizationAirway ManagementTypes of LaryngoscopyDuration of laryngoscopyLaryngealVocalCompared to direct laryngoscopyPredictors of difficult laryngoscopyOrotracheal intubationDifficultIntubationsGlottisConventionalBlade2017FlexibleTechniqueVersusEndoscopyFiber-opticFibre opticCormack and LehaneEasy laryngoscopyMicro-laryngoscopyOffice laryngoscopyFiberoptic laryngoscopyIntratrachealAnaesthesia
Larynx27
- Laryngoscopy ( / ˌ l ær ɪ ŋ ˈ ɡ ɒ s k ə p i / ) is endoscopy of the larynx , a part of the throat . (wikipedia.org)
- Laryngoscopy may be performed to facilitate tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia or cardiopulmonary resuscitation or for surgical procedures on the larynx or other parts of the upper tracheobronchial tree . (wikipedia.org)
- Laryngoscopy is a visual examination below the back of the throat, where the voice box (larynx) containing the vocal cords is located. (kidshealth.org)
- Laryngoscopy is when a doctor uses a special camera to look down the throat to see the voice box (larynx) and vocal cords. (kidshealth.org)
- Laryngoscopy is an exam of the voice box (larynx). (medlineplus.gov)
- Laryngoscopy (/ˌlærɪŋˈɡɒskəpi/) is endoscopy of the larynx, a part of the throat. (wikipedia.org)
- Laryngoscopy is a procedure that lets the doctor look at the back of the throat, the voice box (also called the larynx) and the vocal cords. (cancer.ca)
- Direct rigid laryngoscopy may also be used to help find cancer of the voice box (larynx). (rexhealth.com)
- Bullard laryngoscopy allows visualization of the larynx without requiring alignment of the pharyngeal, laryngeal, and oral axes. (medscape.com)
- Laryngoscopy is a procedure whereby the airway and the passage into the airway (the glottis) is visualized or exposed to provide a route for the administration of anesthetic gases, introduce an endotracheal tube for securing the airway, allow a detailed examination of the larynx and its structures, or perform minor endolaryngeal procedures (eg, obtaining tissue specimens for biopsy). (medscape.com)
- Direct laryngoscopy This technique allows doctors to inspect the larynx in greater detail and to use a device called an operating microscope. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Video laryngoscopy is a form of indirect laryngoscopy in which the clinician does not directly view the larynx. (medscape.com)
- A rigid laryngoscope accompanied by video laryngoscopy, such as the GlideScope, has been shown to improve the view of the larynx as compared to conventional laryngoscopy. (medscape.com)
- Chevalier Jackson, a pioneer of laryngoscopy and ENT surgery, considered identification of the epiglottis a prerequisite to exposure of the larynx. (epmonthly.com)
- Laryngoscopy is a procedure to look at the back of your nose, throat and voice box (larynx). (bupa.co.uk)
- The essence of laryngoscopy is getting a light to the larynx. (voicedoctor.net)
- Dr. Pacey's injection of video laryngoscopy into airway management was actually an extension of the previously defined technique of indirect laryngoscopy: the use of an optical instrument to visualize the larynx without requiring the creation of a direct line of sight. (emra.org)
- During a laryngoscopy , an endoscope (thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end) is inserted in the nostril or mouth to look at the throat and larynx (vocal cords). (nm.org)
- Laryngoscopy looks at the throat and larynx, or vocal cords. (nm.org)
- Direct laryngoscopy is performed with special medical instruments, or laryngoscopes, which allow one to examine the larynx directly. (thefreedictionary.com)
- After paralysis with 60 mg rocuronium, laryngoscopy and intubation attempts with a Macintosh 3 blade, Miller 2 blade, stylet, and vigorous external laryngeal manipulation yielded only Cormack Lehane grade 3 views of the larynx. (asahq.org)
- Laryngoscopy is the exam done below the back of the throat where the voice box (larynx) is located. (medicaldevicestore.com)
- Van Zundert A , Pieters B , Doerges V , Gatt S . Videolaryngoscopy allows a better view of the pharynx and larynx than classic laryngoscopy. (springer.com)
- Mirror (indirect) laryngoscopy is viewing of the pharynx and larynx using a small, curved mirror. (msdmanuals.com)
- Mirror laryngoscopy is typically done to evaluate symptoms in the pharynx and larynx. (msdmanuals.com)
- Mirror laryngoscopy provides only a limited view of the subglottic larynx and proximal trachea. (msdmanuals.com)
- A distinction is drawn between direct and indirect laryngoscopy for interventions in the larynx. (richardwolfusa.com)
Indirect26
- Indirect laryngoscopy is performed whenever the provider visualizes the patient's vocal cords by a means other than obtaining a direct line of sight (e.g. a mirror). (wikipedia.org)
- Indirect laryngoscopy is not typically used with children, as it tends to cause gagging and can be hard for kids to tolerate. (kidshealth.org)
- Indirect laryngoscopy and flexible laryngoscopies often are done in the doctor's office. (kidshealth.org)
- Indirect laryngoscopy is usually done in a doctor's office. (cancer.ca)
- Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Indirect Laryngoscopy in minutes with SmartDraw. (smartdraw.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy and fiber-optic laryngoscopies often are performed in the doctor's office, usually using local anesthetic. (kidshealth.org)
- Indirect laryngoscopy is done in a doctor's office using a small hand mirror held at the back of the throat. (rexhealth.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy is not done as much now because flexible laryngoscopes let your doctor see better and are more comfortable for you. (rexhealth.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy and direct flexible laryngoscopy examinations are generally done in a doctor's office. (rexhealth.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy is not typically used with kids because it tends to cause gagging. (brennerchildrens.org)
- Now, the charged metal oxide sensor (CMOS) video camera (commonly utilized in cellphones and other electronic devices) has become the most popular modality of indirect laryngoscopy. (emra.org)
- Three basic techniques exist: DL, indirect laryngoscopy with standard geometry, and hyperangulated indirect laryngoscopy. (emra.org)
- When a video camera is involved, indirect laryngoscopy can be further characterized as VL. (emra.org)
- Although expert opinion and small studies support either indirect or video (direct) laryngoscopy to investigate hoarseness 2 or foreign body ingestion, 3 a well-designed study 4 confirmed that video laryngoscopy was superior in terms of visualization and patient comfort. (cfp.ca)
- There are two types of laryngoscopy: indirect (mirror) and direct. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This case serves to remind us that adult patients presenting with an acute sore throat should be suspected of having AE and should have an indirect laryngoscopy , especially in those with diabetes. (thefreedictionary.com)
- All the patients presenting with hoarseness of voice in ENT outpatient department Combined Military Hospital, Quetta and CMH Rawalpindi undergoing indirect laryngoscopy and the patients with vocal cord paralysis were selected. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy was done in all except one patient. (thefreedictionary.com)
- There is some equipment available for ET intubation in which indirect laryngoscopy is used and application of upward and forward force is not required during visualization of the glottis and requires variable degree of airway manipulation during advancement of the ET tube. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy and video endoscopy performed with a rigid endoscope indicated that the epiglottis was slightly lowered to the laryngeal inlet. (thefreedictionary.com)
- We decided to perform an indirect laryngoscopy using the GVL. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy Used to detect laryngitis, benign or malignant laryngeal tumours and diminished movement of the vocal cords. (thefreedictionary.com)
- indirect laryngoscopy to high-speed digital imaging. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The results of indirect laryngoscopy were inconclusive and hence the attending physician tried for direct laryngoscopy under local anaesthesia and sedation, to precisely locate the origin of symptoms.While doing conventional laryngoscopy, the flange of Macintosh blade got stuck on the under surface of upper incisors and in an attempt to release the laryngoscope, the handle of the scope got disengaged from the Macintosh blade. (ijaweb.org)
- Indirect laryngoscopy is used to inspect the glottal area. (richardwolfusa.com)
- Indirect laryngoscopy allows practitioners to "see around the corner" of a patient's airway during intubation. (asme.org)
Laryngoscope17
- Bullard laryngoscopy uses a rigid fiberoptic laryngoscope that was designed for use with patients who are difficult to intubate. (medscape.com)
- The Bullard laryngoscope refined manipulation and visualization in the field of laryngoscopy. (medscape.com)
- This retraction of the epiglottis is facilitated by laryngoscopy with the help of the blade of the laryngoscope. (medscape.com)
- A laryngoscopy investigation is an examination of your throat using a thin tube called a laryngoscope, which has a tiny light and lens on the tip. (spirehealthcare.com)
- This phase of laryngoscopy is far less forceful than efforts at maximizing laryngeal exposure (the second part of the procedure), which includes much head lifting and force directed down the laryngoscope blade. (epmonthly.com)
- In a flexible laryngoscopy, your surgeon uses a thin, flexible, fibre-optic tube with a light and a camera lens at the end called a laryngoscope. (bupa.co.uk)
- If you're having rigid laryngoscopy, there'll be some pressure on your top teeth from the laryngoscope. (bupa.co.uk)
- 1 A traditional laryngoscope is always used to perform the technique of direct laryngoscopy (DL - see the discussion in the next section). (emra.org)
- After induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was performed using either a Macintosh or a GlideScope(®) (Verathon, Bothell, WA, USA) laryngoscope. (biomedsearch.com)
- Our study shows that the peak lifting force on the base of the tongue during laryngoscopy is less with the GlideScope videolaryngoscope compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. (biomedsearch.com)
- Video laryngoscopy wherever and whenever you intubate i-view is the new, single use, fully disposable video laryngoscope providing the option of video laryngoscopy wherever you might need to intubate. (intersurgical.com)
- Laryngoscopy with a laryngeal speculum or laryngoscope. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Comparative Effectiveness of the C-MAC Video Laryngoscope versus Direct Laryngoscopy in the Setting of the Predicted Difficult Airway. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 16] JE Smith, in his study has shown that the cardiovascular changes are more pronounced during fibreoptic tracheal intubation than during direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh laryngoscope and intubation. (thefreedictionary.com)
- We are pleased to launch a new landing page on 'Universal Video Laryngoscopy' (UVL) and the role the i-view™ video laryngoscope can play in helping those looking to move towards more routine use of video laryngoscopy (VL) in their hospital or organisation. (intersurgical.com)
- What were the authors assuming when comparing GVL (GlideScope Video Laryngoscope) with DL (Direct Laryngoscopy) for intubation? (roguemedic.com)
- Direct laryngoscopy involves a laryngoscope spatula being positioned and engaged under anesthetic. (richardwolfusa.com)
Tracheal11
- Janeway was thus instrumental in popularizing the widespread use of direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in the practice of anesthesiology. (wikipedia.org)
- Tracheal intubation (direct laryngoscopy). (medscape.com)
- For securing the airway, tracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopy remains the method of choice in most cases. (hindawi.com)
- If the cause is not identified on physical examination or flexible laryngoscopy, direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy are often indicated to evaluate for subglottic and tracheal pathology causing turbulent airflow. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Heart rate/blood pressure response and airway morbidity following tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy , GlideScope and Trachlight: a randomised control trial. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Circulatory changes during direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: influence of duration of laryngoscopy with or without lidocaine. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The patient cannot be intubated despite more than three attempts at direct laryngoscopy or more than three attempts at tracheal tube insertion. (thefreedictionary.com)
- We compare the effectiveness of an endotracheal tube introducer ("bougie") with a new fiberoptic stylet as an adjunct to direct laryngoscopy in facilitating simulated difficult tracheal intubation in a manikin. (nih.gov)
- After brief training, participants were randomized to first use either the bougie or fiberoptic stylet as an adjunct to direct laryngoscopy for attempted tracheal intubation of a manikin presenting a fixed, simulated, Cormack-Lehane grade IIIA view. (nih.gov)
- laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are powerful noxious stimuli that should be attenuated.1 effect more severe in hypertensive patients.2 The present study evaluated the safe and clinically effective dose of oral pregabalin as premedication for attenuation of pressor response of airway instrumentation in controlled hypertensive patients. (omicsonline.org)
- The anesthesiologist may observe a wide array of asymptomatic lesions during routine laryngoscopy performed for tracheal intubation. (springer.com)
Endotracheal10
- This procedure is most often employed by anaesthetists for endotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia, but also in direct diagnostic laryngoscopy with biopsy. (wikipedia.org)
- The objective of this cross-sectional study was to correlate a preanesthetic evaluation that may be capable of predicting a difficult intubation with the conditions encountered at laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. (scirp.org)
- The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and predictive values of preoperative tests for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation, among surgical patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in Tikur Anbessa Hospital from February 1 to March 30, 2016. (hindawi.com)
- To determine the efficacy and safety of videolaryngoscopy compared to direct laryngoscopy in decreasing the time and attempts required for endotracheal intubation and increasing the success rate at first intubation in neonates. (altmetric.com)
- RCTs or quasi-RCTs in neonates evaluating videolaryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation compared with direct laryngoscopy. (altmetric.com)
- Well-designed, adequately powered RCTs are necessary to confirm efficacy and address safety and cost-effectiveness of videolaryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation in neonates by trainees and those proficient in direct laryngoscopy. (altmetric.com)
- Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is an integral part of general anesthesia. (scopemed.org)
- Endotracheal intubation involving conventional laryngoscopy produces a haemodynamic changes associated with increased heart and blood pressure. (scopemed.org)
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of first attempt success of endotracheal intubation performed by ambulance nurses in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 3 using video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy. (eur.nl)
- This retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate incidence and predictors of difficult laryngoscopy in a large cohort of pediatric patients receiving general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. (extrememember.com)
Rigid9
- Fiber-optic or direct laryngoscopy examinations allow doctors to see deeper into the throat by using either a flexible or rigid telescope. (kidshealth.org)
- Rigid laryngoscopy is done with general anesthesia, so that a child is asleep and not feeling the procedure. (kidshealth.org)
- Direct rigid laryngoscopy is done under a general anesthetic (you will be unconscious). (cancer.ca)
- Direct rigid laryngoscopy may be used as a surgical procedure to remove foreign objects in the throat, collect tissue samples ( biopsy ), remove polyps from the vocal cords, or perform laser treatment. (rexhealth.com)
- Video laryngoscopy is also used with rigid transoral laryngoscopy. (medscape.com)
- Rigid laryngoscopy uses specially designed tubes that your surgeon will pass through your mouth. (bupa.co.uk)
- An ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeon will usually do both flexible and rigid laryngoscopy procedures. (bupa.co.uk)
- Rigid laryngoscopy is done as a day-case procedure in hospital under general anaesthesia , which means you'll be asleep during it. (bupa.co.uk)
- There are two types of laryngoscopies, rigid and flexible, and accompaning anesthesia. (voicedoctor.net)
Procedure7
- The procedure is relatively painless, but the idea of having a scope inserted into the throat can be a little scary, so it helps to understand how a laryngoscopy is done. (kidshealth.org)
- This procedure is called laryngoscopy. (webmd.com)
- Laryngoscopy is a fairly safe procedure. (cancer.ca)
- Laryngoscopy in infants and small children is a technically easier procedure than in adults. (epmonthly.com)
- Although tongue control is essential and critical for proper tube delivery, without deliberate identification of the epiglottis the procedure of laryngoscopy becomes a hit-or-miss experience of finding landmarks. (epmonthly.com)
- You can have a flexible laryngoscopy as an out-patient procedure under local anaesthesia , which is usually in the form of a nasal spray. (bupa.co.uk)
- If the patient does not tolerate this procedure, flexible laryngoscopy should be done. (msdmanuals.com)
Bronchoscopy3
- Bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy are two procedures done to look at the air passages and the lungs. (chkd.org)
- Light anesthesia may be used for certain types of bronchoscopy and/or laryngoscopy. (chkd.org)
- Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy were performed initially to determine whether an internal communication of the branchial anomaly was detectable, given the presence of air on CT. (thefreedictionary.com)
Biopsy2
- This type of laryngoscopy may be used to remove something from the throat, collect tissue samples for biopsy, remove polyps from the vocal cords or perform laser treatment. (cancer.ca)
- She was taken to theatre for a direct laryngoscopy and biopsy of the vocal fold lesions. (thefreedictionary.com)
GlideScope7
- To compare novice clinicians' performance using GlideScope videolaryngoscopy (GVL) to direct laryngoscopy (DL). (hindawi.com)
- Measurement of forces applied during Macintosh direct laryngoscopy compared with GlideScope® videolaryngoscopy. (biomedsearch.com)
- I actually think we do our students a disservice by watching them do a DIRECT laryngoscopy while we watch on the Glidescope screen because the blade is so curved that the mechanics and placement of the VL blade tip in the Vallecula like you should with a regular mac blade are VERY different. (emcrit.org)
- The GlideScope videolaryngoscope allows equal or superior glottic visualization compared with direct laryngoscopy, but predictive features for difficult GlideScope intubation have not been identified. (unboundmedicine.com)
- After induction, direct laryngoscopy was performed in all patients to assess the Cormack and Lehane grade of glottic visualization followed by GlideScope intubation. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Despite a high success rate, intubation with the GlideScope is likely to be more challenging in patients with high Cormack and Lehane grade during direct laryngoscopy, high upper lip bite test score, or short sternothyroid distance. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Our study compares the difference in success rates and glottic visualization between direct laryngoscopy and video laryngoscopy using either the GlideScope (GVL) (Verathon Medical, Bothell, WA, USA) or C-MAC (CMAC) (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) for intubations performed by non-anesthesiologists in an academic medical ICU setting. (biomedcentral.com)
Laryngoscopes2
- The first generation of laryngoscopes have a straight (Miller) or a curved (Mackintosh) blade, which is adequate for performing routine laryngoscopy in a patient. (medscape.com)
- The authors also stress the importance of helping anesthesiologists maintain or develop their level of comfort using conventional laryngoscopes, so that they maintain a complete and comprehensive set of laryngoscopy modalities in their DTI tool kits and are comfortable switching from video laryngoscopy to fiberoptic intubation or direct laryngoscopy if the technology fails them. (sheridanhealthcare.com)
Predict difficult laryngoscopy2
- The main concern of this study was to provide information on the magnitude of difficult laryngoscopic intubation and to determine valuable preoperative tests to predict difficult laryngoscopy and intubation in patients with apparently normal airways which can help anesthetists to improve preoperative airway assessment and contribute to decrease anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. (hindawi.com)
- This trail was performed to assess the ability of a new index - Acromio-axillo-suprasternal notch index- to predict difficult laryngoscopy in normal population in comparison with the other common predictors. (ommegaonline.org)
Glottic4
- A study by Blair et al determined that video laryngoscopy significantly improved glottic exposure compared with direct laryngoscopy (97% Cormack-Lehane grade I or II vs 51%) in simulated difficult airway scenarios (ie, cervical spine immobilization and trismus) using medium-fidelity human simulators. (medscape.com)
- Presence of aspiration, pharyngeal residue, laryngeal sensation, vocal cord mobility, and glottic closure during flexible laryngoscopy (FL), and gag reflex were correlated with aspiration during the VFSS. (biomedsearch.com)
- Of the multiple features on laryngoscopy, glottic configuration, ipsilateral thin vocal fold, vocal fold bowing, reduced movement, reduced kinesis, and phase lag were more likely to be associated with vocal fold paresis (VFP). (enttoday.org)
- Video laryngoscopy (VL) was developed to obviate the need for direct visualization of the glottic inlet by transporting the view of the airway to a monitor via a micro video camera placed on the under surface of the blade. (biomedcentral.com)
Visualization2
- these include epiglottoscopy, progressive visualization of landmarks, and bimanual laryngoscopy. (epmonthly.com)
- Difficult laryngoscopy (poor glottis visualization) is considered as a surrogate indicator of difficult intubation [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Airway Management8
- With correct head positioning (ear-to-sternal notch, and face plane parallel to ceiling, not over-extended), gentle jaw distraction, and methodical advancement down the tongue until the epiglottis is seen, airway management becomes a predictable sequence of events: epiglottoscopy, laryngoscopy, and tube delivery. (epmonthly.com)
- KARL STORZ has made difficult airway management even easier with its fifth generation of C-MAC ® video laryngoscopy systems. (outpatientsurgery.net)
- Video laryngoscopy has opened its way into airway management and continues to play a larger role in managing patients with difficult airway. (magiran.com)
- Awake video laryngoscopy is a novel option in airway management that is drawing more and more attention as an alternative to awake endoscopic guided intubation.Main issues: Intubation under preserved spontaneous breathing is the safest method to secure the expected difficult airway. (uwo.ca)
- The introduction of video laryngoscopy has significantly improved the success rate of difficult airway management. (springer.com)
- In the new Difficult Airway Management issue of Anesthesiology News , three Sheridan physician leaders who are also prominent anesthesiologists discuss the inexorable shift from fiberoptic intubation and direct laryngoscopy toward video laryngoscopy and how that trend is shaping the future of patient care and the practice of anesthesiology. (sheridanhealthcare.com)
- Further complicating clinical decisions about difficult airway management practices is that as video laryngoscopy becomes the primarily modality of choice, clinicians who intubate patients only occasionally or who have less experience with fiberoptic intubation and direct laryngoscopy become less comfortable using them. (sheridanhealthcare.com)
- If laryngoscopy is essential, it should be done in the controlled setting of an operating room with a person skilled at difficult airway management (including surgical techniques) present. (msdmanuals.com)
Types of Laryngoscopy1
- There are two types of laryngoscopy, and each uses different equipment. (rexhealth.com)
Duration of laryngoscopy2
- The variables measured were the duration of laryngoscopy, the three maximally-applied forces and the mean force. (ovid.com)
- Results: The duration of laryngoscopy and intubation was significantly longer in group B (video laryngoscopy) when compared to group A patients. (scopemed.org)
Laryngeal3
- Video laryngoscopy is associated with an increased number of successful intubations, improved laryngeal views and more successful first-attempt intubations than direct laryngoscopy among patients with difficult airways. (thefreedictionary.com)
- He was taken to the operating room for direct laryngoscopy , which detected laryngeal edema and a mass at the base of the tongue that had completely obscured the vallecula and epiglottis (figure 1). (thefreedictionary.com)
- There was a relatively poor agreement between the laryngoscopy findings and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) findings in VFP patients. (enttoday.org)
Vocal5
- Your doctor may decide to do a direct laryngoscopy if, among other possible reasons, your child gags easily or the airway below the vocal folds needs to be examined. (kidshealth.org)
- A laryngoscopy is done to look at the vocal cords and the back of the throat. (chkd.org)
- Laryngoscopy is the visual physical examination of the vocal cords. (voicedoctor.net)
- Routine preoperative vocal cord (VC) assessment with laryngoscopy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy allows clear documentation of baseline VC function, aids in surgical planning in patients with palsies, and facilitates interpretation of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) findings. (nih.gov)
- Direct laryngoscopy revealed a verrucous lesion of the right true vocal fold that approached the anterior commissure and arytenoid. (thefreedictionary.com)
Compared to direct laryngoscopy2
- Video laryngoscopy (VL) has been shown to improve first attempt success compared to direct laryngoscopy (DL) in many clinical settings and may be an option for ICU intubations. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the medical ICU, video laryngoscopy resulted in higher first attempt and ultimate intubation success rates and improved grade of laryngoscopic view while reducing the esophageal intubation rate compared to direct laryngoscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
Predictors of difficult laryngoscopy1
- Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of 9 airway sonographic parameters imaged from the submandibular view as predictors of difficult laryngoscopy. (ovid.com)
Orotracheal intubation4
- Video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation in the Intensive Care Unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 50 patients underwent scheduled surgery under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation with classical laryngoscopy at the University Hospital of Jaén (Spain). (springermedizin.de)
- OBJETIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of fentanyl and remifentanil in the prevention of hemodynamic responses to direct laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation, and to compare the effects of these techniques on peripheral blood oxyhemoglobin saturation in normotensive women undergoing scheduled gynecologic surgery. (druglib.com)
- Laryngoscopy also may be useful to evaluate the airway prior to orotracheal intubation . (msdmanuals.com)
Difficult29
- Bullard laryngoscopy has distinct advantages in patients who are difficult to intubate, have limited or undesirable head and neck movements, have limited mouth openings, have facial fractures, or are morbidly obese. (medscape.com)
- The efficacy of the "BURP" maneuver during a difficult laryngoscopy. (bmj.com)
- Laryngoscopy proved difficult in four patients and in all of these cases the Wilson score had been indicative of a possibly difficult airway, highlighting its good predicting sensitivity. (scirp.org)
- In this study, we found the magnitude of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation as 13.6% and 5%, respectively. (hindawi.com)
- 33.3% of patients with difficult laryngoscopy were found to be difficult for intubation. (hindawi.com)
- Anesthesiologists use video laryngoscopy more often every day and therefore accept the risks of more challenging and difficult airway situations with more confidence. (magiran.com)
- Video laryngoscopy helps secure difficult airways and could be chosen as first line option in such situations. (magiran.com)
- Also, patients were excluded from the study if they required rapid sequence induction, had a history of previous difficult direct laryngoscopy and had uncontrolled hypertension, ischemic heart disease, acute or recent stroke or myocardial infarction, cervical spine instability or cervical myelopathy, symptomatic asthma or reactive airway disease and history of gastric reflux. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A comparison of a fiberoptic stylet and a bougie as adjuncts to direct laryngoscopy in a manikin-simulated difficult airway. (nih.gov)
- Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the validity of the models of combined sonographic and clinical tests in predicting difficult laryngoscopy. (ovid.com)
- Twenty-two patients (11.1%) were categorized as having difficult laryngoscopy. (ovid.com)
- Statistically significant differences between patients with difficult and easy laryngoscopy were noted for 5 of 9 parameters. (ovid.com)
- Sonographic predictors may help identify patients with difficult laryngoscopy. (ovid.com)
- One hundred and sixty-two intubations (24.4%) were scored as grade 2a and 43 (6.5%) as grade 2b, of which seven (4.3%) and 29 (67.4%), respectively, were difficult, defined as requiring more than one laryngoscopy or the use of specialist equipment. (nih.gov)
- Urman R., Chahal M. and Spiegel J. Progressively difficult laryngoscopy and intubations secondary to HIV lipodystrophy syndrome. (harvard.edu)
- Ultrasonography for predicting a difficult laryngoscopy. (springermedizin.de)
- Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of five ultrasound measurements to predict a difficult laryngoscopy (DL). (springermedizin.de)
- Incidence, predictors, and outcome of difficult mask ventilation combined with difficult laryngoscopy: a report from the multicenter perioperative outcomes group. (springermedizin.de)
- This appears to be supported by recent evidence: in a large retrospective series of 11.219 anaesthesia patients, the overall incidence of difficult laryngoscopy [Cormack and Lehane (CML) grade III and IV] was only 1.35%, although was much higher in infants less than one year compared with older children. (extrememember.com)
- Besides younger age, their database suggested underweight, ASA III and IV physical status and, if obtainable, Mallampati III and IV findings as predictors for difficult laryngoscopy. (extrememember.com)
- the oromaxillofacial surgery department with a high proportion of cleft palate interventions and pediatric cardiac surgery contributed substantially to the total number of difficult laryngoscopies. (extrememember.com)
- Difficult laryngoscopy in pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia. (extrememember.com)
- Young age and craniofacial dysmorphy are predictors for the difficult pediatric airway and difficult laryngoscopy. (extrememember.com)
- For difficult laryngoscopy, other general predictors are not yet described. (extrememember.com)
- 0.05) with difficult laryngoscopy. (extrememember.com)
- The general incidence of difficult laryngoscopy in pediatric anesthesia is lower than in adults. (extrememember.com)
- Our results show that the risk of difficult laryngoscopy is much higher in patients below 1 year of age, in underweight patients and in ASA III and IV patients. (extrememember.com)
- If the Mallampati score could be obtained, prediction of difficult laryngoscopy seems to be reliable. (extrememember.com)
- 3] A misdirected force may land up in difficult laryngoscopy and dreaded complications. (ijaweb.org)
Intubations2
- The objective was to compare video-assisted laryngoscopy (VAL) to direct laryngoscopy (DL) on success rate and complication rate of intubations performed in a pediatric emergency department (ED). (unboundmedicine.com)
- However, after introducing these variables in nominal logistic and proportional hazard multiple regression models, only high Cormack and Lehane grade during direct laryngoscopy, high upper lip bite test score, and short sternothyroid distance were significantly associated with multiple attempts or lengthier intubations. (unboundmedicine.com)
Glottis2
- The patient was intubated in the theatre and direct laryngoscopy demonstrated an oedematous supraglottis with redundant patchy necrosis occluding the glottis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The tubular, remote view of the glottis with direct laryngoscopy provides a 15[degrees] visual field. (thefreedictionary.com)
Conventional4
- Bullard laryngoscopy causes less cervical spine movement than conventional laryngoscopy. (medscape.com)
- At the OCC-C1 level, the SAC-SSA was significantly reduced during conventional laryngoscopy (MLE-value =0.386± 0.104 in 2 , NHP-value =0.501± 0.11 in 2 , P =0.0095). (springer.com)
- During balloon laryngoscopy, there was no significant SAC-SSA reduction (MLE-value =0.423± 0.128 in 2 , P =0.07 vs NHP-value), while the SAC-SSA was significantly greater than the SAC-SSA determined during conventional laryngoscopy ( P =0.044). (springer.com)
- Conclusions: Video laryngoscopy did not offer any advantages in terms of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in patients when compared with conventional ones. (scopemed.org)
Blade9
- Three sagittal views of adolescent's head and neck showing direct laryngoscopy using a curved blade. (smartdraw.com)
- This difference makes it very easy to miss the main landmark of laryngoscopy, the epiglottis, with initial blade insertion. (epmonthly.com)
- Since that time, the use of either a hyperangulated blade or a video-assisted device has often been inappropriately identified as "video laryngoscopy," even when used independently. (emra.org)
- The two most common direct laryngoscopy tools are the Macintosh blade (curved) and the Miller blade (straight). (emra.org)
- Using a STANDARD bougie may work if you're using a VL to do Direct laryngoscopy but again the blade wasn't designed to help you to see directly, the flatter, less curved mac blade was. (emcrit.org)
- i-view incorporates a Macintosh blade, so can also be used for direct as well as video laryngoscopy. (intersurgical.com)
- It is concluded that the use of the McCoy blade results in significantly less force being applied during laryngoscopy. (ovid.com)
- Sir, Accomplishment of successful laryngoscopy depends upon certain key factors, including head positioning, route of blade insertion, direction of applied force and the type of anaesthesia. (ijaweb.org)
- By incorporating a Macintosh blade, i-view can also be used for direct laryngoscopy. (intersurgical.com)
20171
- 2017. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/739263/all/laryngoscopy. (unboundmedicine.com)
Flexible6
- Many doctors now do this kind, sometimes called flexible laryngoscopy. (webmd.com)
- Role of flexible laryngoscopy in evaluating aspiration. (biomedsearch.com)
- Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy is used to evaluate dysphagia, but its clinical utility has not been compared to that of the videofluorographic swallowing study (VFSS). (biomedsearch.com)
- Flexible laryngoscopy can be used as a relatively safe, portable screening test for aspiration, but cannot always replace the VFSS to identify the presence or cause of aspiration. (biomedsearch.com)
- Yes it's flexible but standard bougies don't hold a bend, they're meant to follow along the line of sight and be able to help us with those CL grade 2 and 3 views while doing DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPY (and yes I still teach that you should use it on grade I views to get the hang of it but really it's for the later). (emcrit.org)
- Awake video laryngoscopy cannot fully replace flexible endoscopic intubation. (uwo.ca)
Technique3
- The patient was intubated using a video laryngoscopy technique and the airway was secured. (magiran.com)
- Anaesthetic technique was standardized and all groups were assessed for preâ  operative sedation, haemodynamic changes after the premedication, before and after induction, after laryngoscopy and intubation. (omicsonline.org)
- Direct laryngoscopy remains the mainstay technique for establishing a secure airway. (ijaweb.org)
Versus1
- However, the second attempt success rate was higher in the video laryngoscopy group [77/93 (83%) versus 80/126 (63%), p = 0.002]. (eur.nl)
Endoscopy3
- aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Esophagoscopy and Laryngoscopy in Endoscopy. (waset.org)
- Also, high quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, or theoretical work in all areas of Esophagoscopy and Laryngoscopy in Endoscopy are cordially invited for presentation at the conference. (waset.org)
- ICELE 2021 has teamed up with the Special Journal Issue on Esophagoscopy and Laryngoscopy in Endoscopy . (waset.org)
Fiber-optic1
- Fiber-optic laryngoscopy allows doctors to look deep inside the throat by used a telescope. (medicaldevicestore.com)
Fibre optic2
- It's sometimes called a fibre optic laryngoscopy. (cancer.ca)
- An inhalational induction to maintain spontaneous ventilation and then followed by direct laryngoscopy or fibre-optic intubation is another option and reduces the required cooperation of the patient. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cormack and Lehane1
- 0.05) with longer time to intubate and/or multiple attempts: older age, male sex, history of snoring, high Mallampati class, small mouth opening, short sternothyroid and manubriomental distances, large neck circumference, high upper lip bite test score, and high Cormack and Lehane grade during direct laryngoscopy. (unboundmedicine.com)
Easy laryngoscopy1
- p = 0.001) than those with an easy laryngoscopy. (springermedizin.de)
Micro-laryngoscopy2
- This is called a micro-laryngoscopy. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- If a microscope is used to look into the voice box to find the problem, it is called Micro laryngoscopy. (entcancercare.com)
Office laryngoscopy2
- For an office laryngoscopy in which local anesthesia is used, your child will not need to avoid eating or drinking beforehand. (kidshealth.org)
- For an office laryngoscopy that uses local anesthesia, it is okay for your child to eat or drink beforehand. (brennerchildrens.org)
Fiberoptic laryngoscopy1
- Patients with a pre-thyroidectomy VC assessment by fiberoptic laryngoscopy were retrospectively recruited from the Monash University Endocrine Surgery Unit database from 2000 to 2018. (nih.gov)
Intratracheal1
- exp laryngoscopy OR laryngoscopy.mp OR exp intubation, intratracheal OR intubation.mp OR intubate$.mp} AND [{(back.mp OR backward$.mp OR posterior.mp) AND pressure.mp} OR BURP.mp] LIMIT to human AND english. (bmj.com)
Anaesthesia1
- Two hundred patients, undergoing general anaesthesia, were randomized to be intubated using direct laryngoscopy (n=100) or video laryngoscopy (n=100). (eurekamag.com)