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LaryngoscopyLaryngoscopesIntubation, IntratrachealLarynxAirway ManagementVocal Cord ParalysisFiber Optic TechnologyLaryngeal DiseasesGlottisVocal CordsAnesthesia, GeneralVideo RecordingLaryngitisHoarsenessEpiglottisLaryngeal MasksRetrognathiaAnesthesiologyDisposable EquipmentLingual Nerve InjuriesTooth InjuriesEquipment DesignLaryngeal EdemaManikinsEpiglottitisLaryngostenosisArytenoid CartilageLaryngomalaciaVideo-Assisted SurgeryThyroid CartilageNeckTongue DiseasesVoice QualitySpeech-Language PathologyAirway ObstructionHeadLaryngeal NeoplasmsPreanesthetic MedicationAnesthesia, InhalationPropofolAndrostanolsSpinal InjuriesAnesthetics, IntravenousMaxillary FracturesDysgeusiaThiopentalCervical VertebraeNeuromuscular Nondepolarizing AgentsLaryngeal Nerve InjuriesImmobilizationAlfentanilSuccinylcholineChinLaryngopharyngeal Reflux
Laryngoscopy: Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.Laryngoscopes: Endoscopes for examining the interior of the larynx.Intubation, Intratracheal: A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.Larynx: A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.Airway Management: Evaluation, planning, and use of a range of procedures and airway devices for the maintenance or restoration of a patient's ventilation.Vocal Cord Paralysis: Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.Fiber Optic Technology: The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.Laryngeal Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.Glottis: The vocal apparatus of the larynx, situated in the middle section of the larynx. Glottis consists of the VOCAL FOLDS and an opening (rima glottidis) between the folds.Vocal Cords: A pair of cone-shaped elastic mucous membrane projecting from the laryngeal wall and forming a narrow slit between them. Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production.Anesthesia, General: Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.Video Recording: The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).Laryngitis: Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.Hoarseness: An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.Epiglottis: A thin leaf-shaped cartilage that is covered with LARYNGEAL MUCOSA and situated posterior to the root of the tongue and HYOID BONE. During swallowing, the epiglottis folds back over the larynx inlet thus prevents foods from entering the airway.Laryngeal Masks: A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.Retrognathia: A physical misalignment of the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandibular) jaw bones in which either or both recede relative to the frontal plane of the forehead.Anesthesiology: A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.Disposable Equipment: Apparatus, devices, or supplies intended for one-time or temporary use.Lingual Nerve Injuries: Traumatic injuries to the LINGUAL NERVE. It may be a complication following dental treatments.Tooth Injuries: Traumatic or other damage to teeth including fractures (TOOTH FRACTURES) or displacements (TOOTH LUXATION).Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Laryngeal Edema: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the LARYNX, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions.ManikinsEpiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis.Laryngostenosis: Developmental or acquired stricture or narrowing of the LARYNX. Symptoms of respiratory difficulty depend on the degree of laryngeal narrowing.Arytenoid Cartilage: One of a pair of small pyramidal cartilages that articulate with the lamina of the CRICOID CARTILAGE. The corresponding VOCAL LIGAMENT and several muscles are attached to it.Laryngomalacia: A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the LARYNX. This results in a floppy laryngeal wall making patency difficult to maintain.Video-Assisted Surgery: Endoscopic surgical procedures performed with visualization via video transmission. When real-time video is combined interactively with prior CT scans or MRI images, this is called image-guided surgery (see SURGERY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED).Thyroid Cartilage: The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the Adam's apple.Neck: The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.Tongue DiseasesVoice Quality: That component of SPEECH which gives the primary distinction to a given speaker's VOICE when pitch and loudness are excluded. It involves both phonatory and resonatory characteristics. Some of the descriptions of voice quality are harshness, breathiness and nasality.Speech-Language Pathology: The study of speech or language disorders and their diagnosis and correction.Airway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.Head: The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.Laryngeal Neoplasms: Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.Preanesthetic Medication: Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.Anesthesia, Inhalation: Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.Androstanols: Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.Spinal Injuries: Injuries involving the vertebral column.Anesthetics, Intravenous: Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)Maxillary Fractures: Fractures of the upper jaw.Dysgeusia: A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.Cervical Vertebrae: The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents: Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.Laryngeal Nerve Injuries: Traumatic injuries to the LARYNGEAL NERVE.Immobilization: The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL) or chemically by ANALGESIA, or the use of TRANQUILIZING AGENTS or NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS. It includes experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility.Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve.Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Back flow of gastric contents to the LARYNGOPHARYNX where it comes in contact with tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extraesophageal manifestation of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX.

Management of laryngeal foreign bodies in children. (1/460)

Foreign body aspiration is one of the leading causes of accidental death in children. Food items are the most common items aspirated in infants and toddlers, whereas older children are more likely to aspirate non-food items. Laryngeal impaction of a foreign body is very rare as most aspirated foreign bodies pass through the laryngeal inlet and get lodged lower down in the airway. Two rare cases of foreign body aspiration with subglottic impaction in very young children (under 2 years of age) are described. In both the cases subglottic impaction occurred consequent to attempted removal of foreign body by blind finger sweeping. The clinical presentation, investigations, and management of these rare cases are discussed.  (+info)

Correlating fibreoptic nasotracheal endoscopy performance and psychomotor aptitude. (2/460)

We have investigated the correlation between the scores attained on computerized psychometric tests, measuring psychomotor and information processing aptitudes, and learning fibreoptic endoscopy with the videoendoscope. Sixteen anaesthetic trainees performed two adaptive tracking tasks (ADTRACK 2 and ADTRACK 3) and one information management task (MAZE) from the MICROPAT testing system. They then embarked on a standardized fibreoptic training programme during which they performed 15 supervised fibreoptic nasotracheal intubations on anaesthetized oral surgery patients. There was a significant correlation between the means of the 15 endoscopy times and both ADTRACK 2 (r = -0.599, P = 0.014) and ADTRACK 3 (r = -0.589, P = 0.016) scores. The correlation between the means of the 15 endoscopy times and MAZE scores was not significant. The ratios of the mean endoscopy time for the last seven endoscopies to the mean endoscopy time for the first seven endoscopies were not significantly correlated with ADTRACK 2, ADTRACK 3 or MAZE scores. Psychomotor abilities appeared to be determinants of trainees' initial proficiency in endoscopy, but did not appear to be determinants of trainees' rates of progress during early fibreoptic training.  (+info)

Perianesthetic dental injuries: frequency, outcomes, and risk factors. (3/460)

BACKGROUND: Dental injury is well-recognized as a potential complication of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. However, the frequency, outcomes, and risk factors for this problem have not been documented in a well-defined patient population. METHODS: The authors analyzed the dental injuries of 598,904 consecutive cases performed on patients who required anesthetic services from 1987 through 1997. Dental injuries were defined as perianesthetic events (those occurring within 7 days) that required dental interventions to repair, stabilize, or extract involved dentition or support structures. A 1:3 case-control study of 16 patient and procedural characteristics was performed for cases that occurred during the first 5 yr of the study. Conditional logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There were 132 cases (1:4,537 patients) of dental injury. One half of these injuries occurred during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. The upper incisors were the most commonly involved teeth, and most injuries were crown fractures and partial dislocations and dislodgements. Multivariate risk factors for dental injury in the case control study included general anesthesia with tracheal intubation (odds ratio [OR] = 89), preexisting poor dentition (OR = 50), and increased difficulty of laryngoscopy and intubation (OR = 11). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data from a large surgical population at a single training institution, approximately 1:4,500 patients who receive anesthesia services sustain a dental injury that requires repair or extraction. Patients most at risk for perianesthetic dental injury include those with preexisting poor dentition who have one or more risk factors for difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.  (+info)

Bolus dose remifentanil for control of haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia. (4/460)

The effect of three bolus doses of remifentanil on the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in four groups of 20 patients each. After preoxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with thiopental 5-7 mg kg-1 followed immediately by saline (placebo) or remifentanil 0.5, 1.0 or 1.25 micrograms kg-1 given as a bolus over 30 s. Cricoid pressure was applied just after loss of consciousness. Succinylcholine 1 mg kg-1 was given for neuromuscular block. Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were performed 1 min later. Arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded at intervals until 5 min after intubation. Remifentanil 0.5 microgram kg-1 was ineffective in controlling the increase in heart rate and arterial pressure after intubation but the 1.0 and 1.25 micrograms kg-1 doses were effective in controlling the response. The use of the 1.25 micrograms kg-1 dose was however, associated with a decrease in systolic arterial pressure to less than 90 mm Hg in seven of 20 patients.  (+info)

Laryngeal movements during the respiratory cycle measured with an endoscopic imaging technique in the conscious horse at rest. (5/460)

A video-laryngoscopic method, implemented with an algorithm for the correction of the deformation inherent in the endoscope optical system, has been used to measure the dorsoventral diameter (Drg) and the cross-sectional area (CSArg) of the rima glottidis in five healthy workhorses during conscious breathing at rest. Simultaneous recording of the respiratory airflow was also obtained in two horses. Drg measured 82.7 +/- 4.5 mm (mean +/- S.D.) independently of the respiratory phase, and did not differ from the measurement in post-mortem anatomical specimens of the same horses. CSArg ranged from 1130 +/- 117 mm2 (mean +/- S.D.) during the inspiratory phase to 640 +/- 242 mm2 during the expiratory phase; being always narrower than tracheal cross-sectional area, which was 1616 +/- 224 mm2, as determined from anatomical specimens. Both inspiratory and expiratory airflow waves displayed a biphasic pattern. Maximal laryngeal opening occurred in phase with the second inspiratory peak, while during expiration CSArg attained a minimum value during the first expiratory peak which was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) than the area subsequently maintained during the rest of the expiratiory phase. These quantitative measurements of equine laryngeal movements substantiate the important role played by the larynx in regulating upper airway respiratory resistance and the expiratory airflow pattern at rest.  (+info)

Intramuscular rocuronium in infants and children: a multicenter study to evaluate tracheal intubating conditions, onset, and duration of action. (6/460)

BACKGROUND: This multicenter, assessor-blinded, randomized study was done to confirm and extend a pilot study showing that intramuscular rocuronium can provide adequate tracheal intubating conditions in infants (2.5 min) and children (3 min) during halothane anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-eight infants (age range, 3-12 months) and 38 children (age range, 1 to 5 yr) classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2 were evaluated at four investigational sites. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane and oxygen (1% end-tidal concentration if <2.5 yr; 0.80% end-tidal concentration if >2.5 yr) for 5 min. One half of the patients received 0.45 mg/kg intravenous rocuronium. The others received 1 mg/kg (infants) or 1.8 mg/kg (children) of intramuscular rocuronium into the deltoid muscle. Intubating conditions and mechanomyographic responses to ulnar nerve stimulation were assessed. RESULTS: The conditions for tracheal intubation at 2.5 and 3 min in infants and children, respectively, were inadequate in a high percentage of patients in the intramuscular group. Nine of 16 infants and 10 of 17 children had adequate or better intubating conditions at 3.5 and 4 min, respectively, after intramuscular rocuronium. Better-than-adequate intubating conditions were achieved in 14 of 15 infants and 16 of 17 children given intravenous rocuronium. Intramuscular rocuronium provided > or =98% blockade in 7.4+/-3.4 min (in infants) and 8+/-6.3 min (in children). Twenty-five percent recovery occurred in 79+/-26 min (in infants) and in 86+/-22 min (in children). CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular rocuronium, in the doses and conditions tested, does not consistently provide satisfactory tracheal intubating conditions in infants and children and is not an adequate alternative to intramuscular succinylcholine when rapid intubation is necessary.  (+info)

Clinical assessment of a plastic optical fiber stylet for human tracheal intubation. (7/460)

BACKGROUND: The authors compared the performance of a prototype intubation aid that incorporated plastic illumination and image guides into a stylet with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation by novice users. METHODS: In a randomized, nonblinded design, patients were assigned to direct laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, or imaging stylet intubation groups. The quality of laryngeal view and ease with which it was attained for each intubation was graded by the laryngoscopist. Time to intubation was measured in 1-min increments. A sore-throat severity grade was obtained after operation. RESULTS: There were no differences in demographic, physical examination, or surgical course characteristics among the groups. The laryngoscope produced an adequate laryngeal view more easily than did the imaging stylet or bronchoscope (P = 0.001) but caused the highest incidence of postoperative sore throat (P<0.05). Although the time to intubation for direct laryngoscopy was shorter than for imaging stylet, which was shorter than fiberoptic bronchoscopy (P<0.05), the quality of laryngeal view with the imaging stylet was inferior to both direct laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Novices using the imaging stylet produce fewer cases of sore throat (compared with direct laryngoscopy) and can intubate faster than when using a bronchoscope in anesthetized adult patients. The imaging stylet may be a useful aid for tracheal intubation, especially for those unable to maintain skills with a bronchoscope.  (+info)

Laryngeal mask airway size selection in males and females: ease of insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressure, pharyngeal mucosal pressures and anatomical position. (8/460)

We have compared ease of insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressure, directly measured pharyngeal mucosal pressure and anatomical position (assessed fibreoptically) for the size 4 and size 5 laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in 20 male and 20 female patients. Microchip pressure sensors were attached to the LMA at locations corresponding to the piriform fossa, hypopharynx, base of the tongue, lateral and posterior pharynx, and the oropharynx. Oropharyngeal leak pressure, mucosal pressure and fibreoptic position were recorded during inflation of the cuff from 0 to 30 ml in 10-ml increments. In males, oropharyngeal leak pressure over the inflation range was higher for size 5 (21 vs 17 cm H2O; P = 0.01); mucosal pressure over the inflation range was higher in the posterior pharynx for size 4 (7 vs 2 cm H2O; P = 0.007), and higher in the piriform fossa (8 vs 5 cm H2O; P = 0.003) and hypopharynx (9 vs 5 cm H2O; P = 0.003) for size 5. In females, oropharyngeal leak pressure over the inflation range was the same (21 vs 21 cm H2O), but mucosal pressure over the inflation range was higher in the piriform fossa (21 vs 8 cm H2O; P = 0.003) and posterior pharynx (4 vs 2 cm H2O; P = 0.004) for size 4, and higher in the lateral pharynx (5 vs 1 cm H2O; P = 0.01) and oropharynx (11 vs 5 cm H2O; P = 0.009) for size 5. The distribution of mucosal pressure was different for size 4 between males and females, but not for size 5. For both males and females, fibreoptic position was similar. We conclude that the size 5 LMA is optimal in males, but either size is suitable for females. The shape of the pharynx may be different between males and females.  (+info)

Microlaryngoscopy and Brochoscopy (Evaluation of Airway Problems) | Pediatric ENTMicrolaryngoscopy and Brochoscopy (Evaluation of Airway Problems) | Pediatric ENT
MICROLARYNGOSCOPY. What is a Microlaryngoscopy?. Laryngoscopy is a procedure that allows your physician to look at your larynx (voice box) using a laryngoscope. "Micro" refers to getting a very close (magnified) view of the area to see every tiny detail. This can be done with a special telescope or operating microscope.. What are the indications for Microlaryngoscopy?. Microlaryngoscopy is especially useful for conditions in which evaluation or treatment of the vocal cords or immediate surrounding airway needs to be performed. Problems involving the VOCAL CORDS result in varying degrees of HOARSENESS, breathing or speech abnormalities, and laryngoscopy is commonly used to evaluate these symptoms. Microlaryngoscopy gives the surgeon the ability to view the larynx in detail. This is vitally important because minute (very small) changes can produce large changes in a persons voice.. What is involved with Microlaryngoscopy?. Microlaryngoscopy does not usually require an overnight stay in the ...
Mandibular Advancement Improves the Laryngeal View during Direct Laryngoscopy Performed by Inexperienced Physicians |...Mandibular Advancement Improves the Laryngeal View during Direct Laryngoscopy Performed by Inexperienced Physicians |...
Four different maneuvers-simple direct laryngoscopy without any assistance (control), simple direct laryngoscopy with mandibular advancement, simple direct laryngoscopy with the BURP maneuver, and simple direct laryngoscopy with the combination of mandibular advancement and the BURP maneuver-were performed in each subject (fig. 1). First, simple direct laryngoscopy was attempted with maximum efforts to visualize the larynx; visibility of the larynx was evaluated by means of the Cormack-Lehane classification system. We defined the Cormack-Lehane grade as follows: I = most of the glottis is visible; II = the posterior commissure is visible; III = no part of the glottis can be seen except the epiglottis; IV = not even the epiglottis can be seen. 7 If the visualization of the glottis was categorized as Cormack-Lehane grade I, the pillow was removed and direct laryngoscopy was reattempted. If the visualization of the larynx was still categorized as Cormack-Lehane grade I even with this treatment, the ...
Neonatal intubation with direct laryngoscopy vs videolaryngoscopy: An extremely premature baboon model<...Neonatal intubation with direct laryngoscopy vs videolaryngoscopy: An extremely premature baboon model<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Neonatal intubation with direct laryngoscopy vs videolaryngoscopy. T2 - An extremely premature baboon model. AU - Moreira, Alvaro. AU - Koele-Schmidt, Lindsey. AU - Leland, Michelle. AU - Seidner, Steven. AU - Blanco, Cynthia. PY - 2014/8. Y1 - 2014/8. N2 - Objective To compare the ability to successfully intubate extremely preterm baboons using conventional direct laryngoscopy (DL) vs videolaryngoscopy. Methods A prospective randomized crossover study using experienced and inexperienced neonatal intubators. All participants were shown an educational video on intubation with each device, followed by attempt of the procedure. The time for successful intubation was the primary outcome. Results Seven subjects comprised the experienced group, while 10 individuals were in the inexperienced group. The overall intubation success rate was comparable between both devices (53% vs 26%, P = 0.09); however, mean time to intubate with the conventional laryngoscope was faster (25.5 vs 39.4 s, P ...
New Video System Improves Teaching of Direct Laryngoscopy | Anesthesiology | ASA PublicationsNew Video System Improves Teaching of Direct Laryngoscopy | Anesthesiology | ASA Publications
To the Editor:--Teaching direct laryngoscopy to the novice may be associated with anxiety for both instructor and student. This can be attributed partly to the fact that the instructor cannot see what the laryngoscopist is (or is not) visualizing during the procedure. In an effort to solve this problem, we used a newly developed direct laryngoscopy video system, the Airway Cam (Airway Cam Technologies, New York, NY), which may be purchased from the manufacturer for approximately $6,000. The system consists of a headframe-mounted miniature camera (11-mm lens with 90 degrees prism) connected to a video monitor. The frame is placed on the head, and the camera is adjusted until it is adjacent to the laryngoscopists dominant eye (direct laryngoscopy is a monocular procedure; Figure 1). In this position, the camera allows the instructor and the student to view the entire laryngoscopy procedure, from insertion of the laryngoscope to placement of the endotracheal tube. Importantly, the instructor can ...
Best Direct Laryngoscopy Doctor in Delhi NCR, Direct Laryngoscopy Doctors | CredihealthBest Direct Laryngoscopy Doctor in Delhi NCR, Direct Laryngoscopy Doctors | Credihealth
Find the best direct laryngoscopy doctors in Delhi NCR. Get guidance from medical experts to select direct laryngoscopy specialist in Delhi NCR from trusted hospitals - credihealth.com
Comparison of Video Laryngoscopy Technologies | Journal of Medical Devices | ASME DCComparison of Video Laryngoscopy Technologies | Journal of Medical Devices | ASME DC
Indirect laryngoscopy allows practitioners to "see around the corner" of a patients airway during intubation. Inadequate airway management is a major contributor to patient injury, morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the video quality of commercially available video laryngoscopy systems. A team of four investigators at the University of Nebraska at Omaha and the Peter Kiewit Institute performed intubation simulations using a number of video laryngoscopy systems. Testing was done with a Laerdal Difficult Airway Manikin (Laerdal Medical Corp., Wappingers Falls, NY) in a setting that simulated difficult airways, adverse lighting conditions and various system configurations (e.g., maximizing screen contrast, minimizing screen brightness, maximizing screen color hue, etc.). Systems included the STORZ C-MACTM (KARL STORZ Endoscopy, Tuttlingen, Germany), a prototype developed by STORZ (a McIntosh #3 video blade with USB connectivity to an ultra mobile PC; "UMPC") ...
Laryngoscopy | Childrens Education MaterialsLaryngoscopy | Children's Education Materials
Indirect laryngoscopy and flexible laryngoscopies often are performed in the doctors office, usually using local anesthetic. They usually take only 5 to 10 minutes.. Indirect laryngoscopy will require your child to sit up straight in a high-backed chair with a headrest and open his or her mouth wide. The doctor will spray the throat with an anesthetic or numbing medication (which your child will gargle and spit out), then cover the tongue with gauze and hold it down.. The doctor will hold up a warm mirror to the back of the throat and, with a light attached to his or her headgear, will tilt the mirror to view various areas of the throat. Your child may be asked to make high-pitched or low-pitched sounds so that the doctor can view the larynx and see the vocal cords move. Flexible laryngoscopy uses a flexible laryngoscope (a thin, flexible instrument that lights and magnifies images) for a better view of the larynx and vocal cords.. This might be done in an operating room under general ...
Laryngoscopy and Stroboscopy | Throat DisorderLaryngoscopy and Stroboscopy | Throat Disorder
Laryngoscopy is examination of the throat using a small flexible camera, or endoscope. Laryngoscopy provides a view of the throat while a patient is performing normal actions such as breathing, speaking, coughing and swallowing.. Laryngoscopy may be performed through the nose or through the mouth.. Laryngoscopy through the nose uses a small thin endoscope. This is carefully passed through the nose, and then down behind the palate to examine the throat and larynx.. This may also be called flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy or distal chip endoscopy - both of these procedures are the same in terms of what a patient feels. The difference is the technology in the camera or endoscope used for the examination.. Laryngoscopy through the mouth may use a rigid angled telescope. A patient is seated in a sniffing position with the chin and face forward as if smelling a flower. The examiner holds the patients tongue and the endoscope is placed through the mouth. Images are recorded and portrayed on a ...
Anticipation of the Difficult Airway: the Preoperative Airway Assessment Form - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govAnticipation of the Difficult Airway: the Preoperative Airway Assessment Form - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Predicting difficult airway continues to be problematic for even the most seasoned of anesthesiologists. In our study, the resident class will be our sample population. The residents will be randomly assigned into two groups: the experimental group will be utilizing the new preoperative airway assessment form and the control group will be utilizing the standard anesthesia record. Simultaneously, a subset of our anesthesia experts will also be assessing patients preoperatively. The five areas of difficult airway management will be considered: difficult mask ventilation, difficult supraglottic airway, difficult laryngoscopy, difficult intubation, and difficult surgical airway.. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists, the incidence of intubation has remained stable throughout the 1980s and 1990s despite attempts to predict its occurrence. Many of these cases were considered to be preventable; therefore, a better prediction of and preparation for difficult airway management may lead ...
Awake video laryngoscopy - an alternative to awake fiberoptic intubation? - Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine - Western...Awake video laryngoscopy - an alternative to awake fiberoptic intubation? - Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine - Western...
Awake video laryngoscopy is a novel option in airway management that is drawing more and more attention as an alternative to awake endoscopic guided intubation.Main issues: Intubation under preserved spontaneous breathing is the safest method to secure the expected difficult airway. In direct comparisons to awake flexible endoscopic intubation, awake videolaryngoscopy achieves satisfactory intubation times and a high acceptance of patients and anesthesiologists. Specific cases, in particular very limited mouth opening or sub-glottic masses, require awake flexible endoscopic intubation. Sufficient topical anesthesia and a sophisticated sedation protocol are prerequisites for successful awake video laryngoscopy.. ...
C-MAC Video Laryngoscopy Versus Flexible Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy in Patients with Anticipated Difficult Airway: A Randomized...C-MAC Video Laryngoscopy Versus Flexible Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy in Patients with Anticipated Difficult Airway: A Randomized...
Tracheal intubation is one of the most common medical procedures performed in hospitals. On one hand, it is highly successful and easy to perform using a rigid laryngoscope. On the other hand, hypoxic brain damage and death may result rapidly if it is unsuccessful.
Videolaryngoscopy for all intubations? Dr. Ranko Bulatovic (PGY3) and Dr. Ravi Taneja respond to recent article in BJA -..."Videolaryngoscopy for all intubations?" Dr. Ranko Bulatovic (PGY3) and Dr. Ravi Taneja respond to recent article in BJA -...
Bulatovic R, Taneja R. In Response to "Videolaryngoscopy as a new standard of care." Zaouter C, Calderon J, Hemmerling TM. Br J Anaesth. 2015. 114(2):181-183.. Dear sir,. We read with interest Dr. Zauters editorial on the evolving role of videolaryngoscopy in anesthestic care (1). Overall we do agree with the authors that videolaryngoscopes will and should be available freely in the foreseeable future. As anesthetists working in a teaching hospital, we already note that residents often choose these as their first-choice for laryngoscopy in anticipated difficult intubations.. However, with increasing availability of new technology such as this, we must acknowledge that trainees will progressively lose their skills with conventional laryngoscopy. This may have safety implications for patients needing anaesthesia in remote locations where videolaryngoscopy may not be the norm. Hence, our younger colleagues having to provide anaesthetic services in such settings may find themselves underprepared or ...
McGrath Mac used by Ari the Resident as Direct Laryngoscopy.McGrath Mac used by Ari the Resident as Direct Laryngoscopy.
Video laryngoscope can be used for teaching by Core Faculty. The novice intubator can still perfect their craft at direct laryngoscopy while the supervisor/teacher is watching the Process of handling the tongue, epiglottoscopy and tube delivery via the McGrath monitor. Win win for both parties involved.
Ultrasonography for predicting a difficult laryngoscopy. Getting closer | springermedizin.deUltrasonography for predicting a difficult laryngoscopy. Getting closer | springermedizin.de
Our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of five ultrasound measurements to predict a difficult laryngoscopy (DL). Prospective observational
CR#05 The Airtraq as a rescue airway device following failed direct laryngoscopy: a case series - AirtraqCR#05 The Airtraq as a rescue airway device following failed direct laryngoscopy: a case series - Airtraq
In summary, this case series demonstrates that the Airtraq offers an alternate approach to securing the difficult airway where attempts to do so by conventional direct laryngoscopy have failed. ...
Dexmedetomidine premedication: Effect on pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation<...Dexmedetomidine premedication: Effect on pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dexmedetomidine premedication. T2 - Effect on pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation. AU - Vishwanath, Padmini. AU - Rao, Rammoorthi. AU - Vasudevarao, Sunil Baikadi. PY - 2020/4/1. Y1 - 2020/4/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl are used to attenuate the sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Aim is to study and compare the attenuation of haemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation. METHODS: 60 ASA Class 1 & 2 patients aged between 18-80 years, posted for elective surgeries were randomized into two groups. GROUP C-Premedication with 2 mcg/kg Fentanyl and GROUP D-premedication with 1 mcg/kg Dexmedetomidine + 2mcg/kg Fentanyl. Both groups were preloaded with 10ml/kg crystalloid solution. The parameters measured were propofol dose requirement for induction, heart rate(HR), SBP,DBP and MAP(mean arterial pressure). RESULTS: Propofol requirements were 26.6% lesser in Group D (P,0.000 HS). There was a initial rise of HR during intubation ...
Mallampati score - WikipediaMallampati score - Wikipedia
In anesthesia, the Mallampati score or Mallampati classification, named after the Indian-born American anaesthesiologist Seshagiri Mallampati, is used to predict the ease of endotracheal intubation. The test comprises a visual assessment of the distance from the tongue base to the roof of the mouth, and therefore the amount of space in which there is to work. It is an indirect way of assessing how difficult an intubation will be; this is more definitively scored using the Cormack-Lehane classification system, which describes what is actually seen using direct laryngoscopy during the intubation process itself. A high Mallampati score (class 3 or 4) is associated with more difficult intubation as well as a higher incidence of sleep apnea. The score is assessed by asking the patient, in a sitting posture, to open his or her mouth and to protrude the tongue as much as possible. The anatomy of the oral cavity is visualized; specifically, the assessor notes whether the base of the uvula, faucial ...
Intubation With A Curved Blade, direct laryngoscopy techniqueIntubation With A Curved Blade, direct laryngoscopy technique
This article discusses direct laryngoscopy intubation technique with a curved blade, including blade placement, errors & when a curved blade is preferred.
Ephedrine for shortening the time to achieve excellent intubation conditions during direct laryngoscopy in adults | CochraneEphedrine for shortening the time to achieve excellent intubation conditions during direct laryngoscopy in adults | Cochrane
Rincon-Valenzuela DA, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Rodriguez-Malagon N. Ephedrine for shortening the time to achieve excellent intubation conditions during direct laryngoscopy in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD009680. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009680. ...
Novel Use of Glidescope Indirect Laryngoscopy for Insertion of a Minne by Adam B. Schlichting, Jayna Gardner-Gray et al."Novel Use of Glidescope Indirect Laryngoscopy for Insertion of a Minne" by Adam B. Schlichting, Jayna Gardner-Gray et al.
BACKGROUND: With improvements in endoscopic and interventional radiologic therapies, insertion of gastroesophageal balloon tamponade catheters, commonly known as Sengstaken-Blakemore or Minnesota tubes, is a rarely performed procedure for esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding. In small hospitals or freestanding emergency departments, endoscopic or interventional radiology (IR) therapies might not be available, so patients with exsanguinating variceal bleeding must be stabilized or temporized for transport to larger hospitals. Occasionally, tamponade devices are necessary as a rescue therapy for failed endoscopic or IR therapies or can be used as definitive therapy in select cases. In addition to being rarely performed, there are multiple technical complications associated with blind insertion of tamponade catheters. DISCUSSION: We describe a novel use of indirect laryngoscopy using a Glidescope for assisting in placement of a Minnesota tube in 4 patients with exsanguinating esophageal bleeding.
KARL STORZ KARL STORZ C-MAC video laryngoscopy systems dBLADE (July, 2017)KARL STORZ KARL STORZ C-MAC video laryngoscopy systems dBLADE (July, 2017)
KARL STORZ has made difficult airway management even easier with its fifth generation of C-MAC® video laryngoscopy systems. Its elliptical tapering dBL
the short coat: Direct Laryngoscopy May Be Dead - Just Not to Methe short coat: Direct Laryngoscopy May Be Dead - Just Not to Me
In preparation for intubation, many attendings, upon seeing my eager, young face, steer the Glidescope in my direction. I discovered a little bit of confidence is a dangerous thing when the airway is involved; thus, I love having this tool powered up and ready. Its perfect for airways during chest compressions/resuscitation and many difficult airways. Like the faithful bougie, I like to have a fiberoptic device at the bedside during an ETI. However, it seems that many physicians think one should learn to intubate solely with video laryngoscopy but in my limited experience, I have run into occasional problems where I converted from VL to DL with immediate success. Of note, however, I wasnt taught any specific set of skills for VL. ...
Indirect LaryngoscopyIndirect Laryngoscopy
Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Indirect Laryngoscopy in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s of professional healthcare and anatomy chart templates that you can modify and make your own.
Laryngoscopy MicrolaryngoscopyLaryngoscopy Microlaryngoscopy
The practice of Otorhinolaryngology involves diagnosis, medical treatment and surgical intervention for a variety of problems, conditions or diseases affecting the ear, nose and throat as well as related areas of the neck, head and face
Shoulder and head elevation improves laryngoscopic view for tracheal intubation in nonobese as well as obese individuals<...Shoulder and head elevation improves laryngoscopic view for tracheal intubation in nonobese as well as obese individuals<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Shoulder and head elevation improves laryngoscopic view for tracheal intubation in nonobese as well as obese individuals. AU - Lebowitz, Philip W.. AU - Shay, Hamilton. AU - Straker, Tracey. AU - Rubin, Daniel. AU - Bodner, Scott. PY - 2012/3. Y1 - 2012/3. N2 - Study Objective: To determine whether shoulder and head elevation, such that the patients ear lies at or higher than the sternum ("ramp"), improves laryngoscopic grade in adult patients of various body mass index (BMI) values. Design: Prospective, unblinded study, with patients and laryngoscopists acting as their own controls. Setting: Operating room of a university-affiliated hospital. Patients: 189 adult ASA physical status 1, 2, and 3 patients. Interventions: After performing a standard preoperative airway evaluation and inducing general anesthesia, the anesthetist performed and graded two laryngoscopies: one in the "ramp" position and one in the "sniff" position. Measurements: Patient BMI, Mallampati airway class, ...
Bronchoscopy | Laryngoscopy | Way to Grow | CHKDBronchoscopy | Laryngoscopy | Way to Grow | CHKD
Bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy are two procedures done to look at the air passages and the lungs. Your childs doctor will pass a small, lighted tube into the air passages after your child is asleep. A bronchoscopy is done to look at the windpipe and lower air passages. A laryngoscopy is done to look at the vocal cords and the back of the throat.
Most recent papers with the keyword Anesthesia for laryngectomy | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Anesthesia for laryngectomy | Read by QxMD
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of (18)F-FDG-PET as first-line diagnostic investigation, prior to performing a direct laryngoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia, in patients suspected of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 150 patients suspected of recurrent T2-4 laryngeal carcinoma at least two months after prior (chemo)radiotherapy with curative intent for resectable disease were randomized to direct laryngoscopy (CWU: conventional workup strategy) or to (18)F-FDG-PET only followed by direct laryngoscopy if PET was assessed positive or equivocal (PWU: PET based workup strategy), to compare the effectiveness of these strategies ...
Laryngoscopy of the Voice Box (Laryngoscopy) - Fort Worth ENTLaryngoscopy of the Voice Box (Laryngoscopy) - Fort Worth ENT
Laryngoscopy is an endoscopic procedure in which a special instrument with a tiny camera is used to view the anatomy of the voice box.
Video vs direct laryngoscopy: success rates and confidence: a feasibility studyVideo vs direct laryngoscopy: success rates and confidence: a feasibility study
Video-assisted laryngoscopy (VL) is being used increasingly in adult, paediatric and neonatal populations although its use has not been extensively studied in a neonatal setting. The authors experiences on the neonatal unit suggested that there is increased team confidence around tube or catheter placement and intubation is more successful when trainee and trainer are able to view the procedure using a video screen. This article outlines a study that looks at this theory ...
SMACC (general)SMACC (general)
In the past two decades, airway management has been revolutionized by the development of video laryngoscopy, hyperangulated blade geometry, optical stylets, laryngeal masks, and a host of advances in airway pharmacology and technique. The core skill of airway management, however, remains laryngoscopy, whether or not the operator uses a blade with a camera at the end. In this presentation, we break down laryngoscopy into its discrete components and describe best practice technique at each step. We will start by describing common mistakes made in patient positioning; proposing a set of parameters the provider can use to guide positioning that is optimal for laryngoscopy, including the configuration of the patient in the bed, the bed height and head elevation, as well as provider stance. We then move into the effect of laryngoscope grip on operator catecholamine management and describe the optimal laryngoscope grip for emergency airway management. We next confront one of the core principles of RSI, ...
Haemodynamic response to endotrachial intubation: direct versus video laryngoscopy - - ScopeMed.org - Deposit for Medical...Haemodynamic response to endotrachial intubation: direct versus video laryngoscopy - - ScopeMed.org - Deposit for Medical...
Methods: After getting approval from ethics committee and consent form from each patients 120 patients with age between 18-65 years of ASA-I, II grade were included in the study. They were divided into two groups. Group A was underwent with tracheal intubation with the Macintosh blade (size 3 blade and size 4) and group B with AWS (Pentax) video laryngoscope. The time taken to perform endotracheal intubation and haemodynamic changes associated with intubation were noted in both the groups at different time points ...
PPT - DIFFICULT AIRWAY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PowerPoint Presentation - ID:6692940PPT - DIFFICULT AIRWAY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PowerPoint Presentation - ID:6692940
DIFFICULT AIRWAY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT. BY DR AZHAR. DEFFINATION. American society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) suggested that when sign of inadequate ventilation could not be reversed by mask ventilation or oxygen saturation could not be maintained above 90% or Slideshow 6692940 by...
Comparison of the fibreoptic scope and plastic bougie for tracheal intubation in simulated difficult laryngoscopy - Oxford...Comparison of the fibreoptic 'scope and plastic bougie for tracheal intubation in simulated difficult laryngoscopy - Oxford...
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Continue well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings ...
Laryngoscopy video: Indirect LaryngoscopyLaryngoscopy video: Indirect Laryngoscopy
With the help of a specialist doctor and an opera singer, Sophie Scott investigates how the different parts of the voice box come together to create the human voice. Watch the full lecture ...
Laryngoscopy - Hastings Research Lab - Department of Anesthesiology - School of Medicine, UCSDLaryngoscopy - Hastings Research Lab - Department of Anesthesiology - School of Medicine, UCSD
Direct laryngoscopy, the technique commonly used for endotracheal intubation, depends on extension of the head at the atlantooccipital joint to align the oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal axes...
Nasal laryngoscopyNasal laryngoscopy
This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Nasal laryngoscopy, Laryngeal Exam, Nasopharyngoscopy, Rhinolaryngoscopy, Nasolaryngoscopy, Nasolaryngoscope, Laryngeal Lesion, Vocal Fold Lesion.
Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients: a comprehensive systematic review of randomized trials - Zurich Open...Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients: a comprehensive systematic review of randomized trials - Zurich Open...
We identified 22 trials on use of a pre-procedure check-list (1 study), pre-oxygenation or apneic oxygenation (6 studies), sedatives (3 studies), neuromuscular blocking agents (1 study), patient positioning (1 study), video laryngoscopy (9 studies), and post-intubation lung recruitment (1 study). Pre-oxygenation with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and/or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) showed a possible beneficial role. Post-intubation recruitment improved oxygenation while ramped position increased the number of intubation attempts and thiopental had negative hemodynamic effects. No effect was found for use of a checklist, apneic oxygenation (on oxygenation and hemodynamics), videolaryngoscopy (on number and length of intubation attempts), sedatives and neuromuscular blockers (on hemodynamics). Finally, videolaryngoscopy was associated with severe adverse effects in multiple trials ...
cormack | OpenAirwaycormack | OpenAirway
Here are some real-life examples of Cormack-Lehane classification of laryngoscopic view taken with a video laryngoscope. Although initially described for direct laryngoscopy in obstetric patients, it is a useful descriptive system in many settings, but is frequently misreported and/or misunderstood. We will continue to expand the set as we collect good images.. Original and revised (Yentis & Lee, 1998) CL grading:. ...
A Detailed Look At Laryngoscopy - Potomac EntA Detailed Look At Laryngoscopy - Potomac Ent
Laryngoscopy is an examination that allows your doctor to take a close look at your throat and larynx. Another name for larynx is the voice box. It lies on
FOB | Articles related to FOB | Open Access Journal | Annex PublishersFOB | Articles related to FOB | Open Access Journal | Annex Publishers
C-MAC Video Laryngoscopy Versus Flexible Fiberoptic Laryngoscopy in Patients with Anticipated Difficult Airway: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Reduction of Bitterness and Enhancing Palatability of Cetirizine Oral Liquid Dosage Forms by Cyclodextrins. Articles related to FOB are open access to read here.
Ultrasound-guided Tracheal Intubation | Anesthesiology | American Society of AnesthesiologistsUltrasound-guided Tracheal Intubation | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists
A 14-month-old former full-term baby girl with a history of cutis aplasia congenita of the scalp presented for resection of the lesion under general anesthesia. Her medical history was significant for a patent foramen ovale, ectrodactyly, wormian bones, and blindness. On physical examination she was noted to have mild micrognathia but normal mouth opening and normal cervical spine mobility. She had a previous anesthetic for syndactyly surgery in which the airway was managed using a laryngeal mask. For the present case, general anesthesia was induced with inhaled sevoflurane, an intravenous catheter was placed, and vecuronium 0.1mg/kg was administered. Direct laryngoscopy with a Wis-Hipple 1.5 blade revealed a poor view of the airway (Cormack and Lehane Grade 3).6The Wis-Hipple blade is a modification of the Wisconsin blade, with a wider tip than the Miller blade and a straight spatula with an open flange. The patient was repositioned and a second laryngoscopy attempt did not improve the view of ...
The orotracheal tube dance : European Journal of Anaesthesiology | EJAThe orotracheal tube dance : European Journal of Anaesthesiology | EJA
Editor,. The use of malleable stylets or bougies to assist orotracheal intubation is an integral part of difficult airway algorithms.1 Their use in routine intubation might be on the rise with the recent development of videolaryngoscopy.2 Although high-resolution micro-cameras have been inserted in specially designed blades allowing visualisation of the laryngeal inlet, manoeuvrability of the distal end of the tube is necessary to allow it to advance beyond the glottis opening into the trachea.. Recently, a dynamic two-curve theory about laryngoscopy and airway passage has been described,3 associating the oropharyngeal axes with the pharyngeal-laryngeal vestibule axes.. By combining the stiffness of a preformed rigid stylet with proper movements of orotracheal tube (rotation) and stylet (withdrawal), a three-dimensional dancing motion of the distal end of the tube can be obtained (Figs 1 and 2). A two-panel picture of the main manoeuvres necessary to obtain tube dance is shown (Figs 1 and 2). ...
The Effect of Fentanyl - Droperidol Combination on Reducing Pressure Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation during Induction...The Effect of Fentanyl - Droperidol Combination on Reducing Pressure Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation during Induction...
Background and Objectives: Pre-eclampsia is one of the common causes of maternal mortality. A main problem with induction of general anesthesia in these patients is exagergted increase of blood presscure during laryngoscopy and intubation that is associateed with a significantly increased intracranial pressure with the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. There are some ...
A randomized controlled study of intravenous esmolol to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal...A randomized controlled study of intravenous esmolol to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal...
A randomized controlled study of intravenous esmolol to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation
viedoelaryngoscopy | OpenAirwayviedoelaryngoscopy | OpenAirway
Here are some real-life examples of Cormack-Lehane classification of laryngoscopic view taken with a video laryngoscope. Although initially described for direct laryngoscopy in obstetric patients, it is a useful descriptive system in many settings, but is frequently misreported and/or misunderstood. We will continue to expand the set as we collect good images.. Original and revised (Yentis & Lee, 1998) CL grading:. ...
Surgeries and Procedures: LaryngoscopySurgeries and Procedures: Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy, a visual examination below the back of the throat, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, pain in the throat or ear, difficulty in swallowing, narrowing of the throat, blockages in the airway, and vocal cord problems.
Laryngoscopy | Alpine Ear, Nose, and Throat PCLaryngoscopy | Alpine Ear, Nose, and Throat PC
Alpine Ear, Nose & Throat cares about your well-being. Laryngoscopy is a great tool for ENT specialists to use in diagnosing and then treating any problems you may be experiencing pertaining to your throat. Your throat and larynx are vital to life. After all, you speak and breathe using organs and tissues in both, and its vital that you keep these areas healthy. Some simple ways to do so include drinking water to keep these areas moist and avoiding excessive alcohol, spicy foods, smoking, and regular cold medicine use. Using a humidifier, especially in dry Colorado, is highly recommended.. If you are troubled by any of the symptoms listed above, or you just want to get your ear, nose, and throat checked, give us a call today. We offer convenient locations in both Fort Collins and Loveland. Our ENT specialists believe in providing the highest-quality care possible while ensuring your health. For over 40 years, weve been proudly serving the residents of Northern Colorado with compassionate care, ...
Features of Microdirect Laryngoscopy, Bronchoscopy IDd - MPRFeatures of Microdirect Laryngoscopy, Bronchoscopy ID'd - MPR
Neonates undergoing microdirect laryngoscopies and bronchoscopies (MLB) most often present with respiratory distress and stridor.
LaryngoscopyLaryngoscopy
... , a visual exam of the voicebox and airway, can help discover the causes of voice and breathing problems, throat or ear pain, and other bothersome symptoms.
Direct laryngoscopy | definition of direct laryngoscopy by Medical dictionaryDirect laryngoscopy | definition of direct laryngoscopy by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of direct laryngoscopy in the Medical Dictionary? direct laryngoscopy explanation free. What is direct laryngoscopy? Meaning of direct laryngoscopy medical term. What does direct laryngoscopy mean?
Effect of the McGRATH MAC® Video Laryngoscope on Hemodynamic Response during Tracheal Intubation: A Retrospective Study. -...Effect of the McGRATH MAC® Video Laryngoscope on Hemodynamic Response during Tracheal Intubation: A Retrospective Study. -...
BACKGROUND Hypertension often occurs after tracheal intubation using a Macintosh laryngoscope and may lead to rare but serious complications. The Macintosh laryngoscope may increase the incidence of hypertension because it requires forced alignment of the oral and pharyngeal axes in order to view the glottis. In contrast, the McGRATH MAC video laryngoscope does not require this manipulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of hypertension after tracheal intubation using a McGRATH laryngoscope compared with a Macintosh laryngoscope. METHODS Data of 360 consecutive patients who underwent general anesthesia with tracheal intubation by Macintosh laryngoscope or McGRATH video laryngoscope were obtained retrospectively. A total of 16 variables including patient characteristics, anesthetic drug used, and intubation techniques were extracted as potential factors affecting the incidence of hypertension after intubation. The incidence of hypertension after tracheal intubation was
Video Laryngoscopes Market by Region-Wise Outlook and Key Players 2016-2026 | Oct 5, 2016 - ReleaseWireVideo Laryngoscopes Market by Region-Wise Outlook and Key Players 2016-2026 | Oct 5, 2016 - ReleaseWire
Press Release issued Oct 5, 2016: Laryngoscopy is the technique of examining the anatomical structures of larynx, throat and the vocal cords with the help of the instrument known as laryngoscope. Video Laryngoscopy is a method of observing and recording movement of the vocal cords and larynx. Laryngoscopy can be performed in direct laryngoscopy and indirect laryngoscopy. Direct laryngoscopy involve placing of tube (laryngoscope) in the back of the throat which assists the doctor to examine the throat and remove the foreign body or infected tissue for biopsy. Laryngoscopy with strobe light includes the usage of strobe light which provides the doctor more clear image and information about the voice box. The process of tissue removal is generally done after the administration of anesthesia. Indirect laryngoscopy particularly includes visualization of vocal cords, upper tracheal rings and larynx.
Intubation success rates and perceived user satisfaction using the video laryngoscope to train deploying far forward combat...Intubation success rates and perceived user satisfaction using the video laryngoscope to train deploying far forward combat...
TY - GEN. T1 - Intubation success rates and perceived user satisfaction using the video laryngoscope to train deploying far forward combat medical personnel. AU - Boedeker, Ben H.. AU - Barak-Bernhagen, Mary A.. AU - Boedeker, Kirsten A.. AU - Murray, W. Bosseau. PY - 2011/1/1. Y1 - 2011/1/1. N2 - Studies show the video laryngoscope enhances intubation training by facilitating visualization of airway anatomy. We examined the performance and training of military healthcare providers in a brief intubation training course which included both direct and indirect (video) laryngoscopy. This training format with the video laryngoscope improved airway visualization and intubation performance, promoting increased trainee confidence levels for successful intubation. Web-based training paired with hands-on instruction with the video laryngoscope should be considered as a model for military basic airway management training.. AB - Studies show the video laryngoscope enhances intubation training by ...
Global Anesthesia Video Laryngoscope Market Volume by Region 2024 | Jan 20, 2017 - ReleaseWireGlobal Anesthesia Video Laryngoscope Market Volume by Region 2024 | Jan 20, 2017 - ReleaseWire
Press Release issued Jan 20, 2017: Video laryngoscope device is used to view anatomical structure of the larynx for detailed examination. The visualization of the larynx is done with a digital laryngoscope or fiber optic inserted transorally or transnasally. The images are recorded for a more detailed examination. Larynx examination can be performed by indirect laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy. Direct laryngoscopy includes setting of tube (laryngoscope) in the back of the throat which helps the specialist to inspect the throat and eliminate the contaminated tissue for biopsy. The process of tissue removal (biopsy) is normally done after the administration of anesthesia. Indirect laryngoscopy predominantly includes visualization of upper tracheal rings, vocal cords, and larynx. Growing awareness among healthcare professionals about technologically advanced video laryngoscopes and its advantages over traditional laryngoscopes are helping in expanded use beyond hospital settings which are the factors
Assessment of the storz video macintosh laryngoscope for use in difficult airways: A human simulator study<...Assessment of the storz video macintosh laryngoscope for use in difficult airways: A human simulator study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Assessment of the storz video macintosh laryngoscope for use in difficult airways. T2 - A human simulator study. AU - Bair, Aaron E. AU - Olmsted, Kalani. AU - Brown, Calvin A.. AU - Barker, Tobias. AU - Pallin, Daniel. AU - Walls, Ron M.. PY - 2010/10. Y1 - 2010/10. N2 - Objectives: Video laryngoscopy has been shown to improve glottic exposure when compared to direct laryngoscopy in operating room studies. However, its utility in the hands of emergency physicians (EPs) remains undefined. A simulated difficult airway was used to determine if intubation by EPs using a video Macintosh system resulted in an improved glottic view, was easier, was faster, or was more successful than conventional direct laryngoscopy. Methods: Emergency medicine (EM) residents and attending physicians at two academic institutions performed endotracheal intubation in one normal and two identical difficult airway scenarios. With the difficult scenarios, the participants used video laryngoscopy during the ...
Best 2009 Airway Studies: Difficult Intubations, Roc or Sux,... : Emergency Medicine NewsBest 2009 Airway Studies: Difficult Intubations, Roc or Sux,... : Emergency Medicine News
Santoni BG, et al. Manual In-Line Stabilization Increases Pressures Applied by the Laryngoscope Blade During Direct Laryngoscopy and Orotracheal Intubation. Anesthesiology 2009;110(1):24.. * Thiboutot F, et al. Effect of Manual In-Line Stabilization of the Cervical Spine in Adults on the Rate of Difficult Orotracheal Intubation by Direct Laryngoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Can J Anesth 2009;56(6):412.. * Turner CR, et al. Motion of a Cadaver Model of Cervical Injury During Endotracheal Intubation with a Bullard Laryngoscope or a Macintosh Blade with and without In-Line Stabilization. J Trauma 2009;67(1):61.. * Bathory I, et al. Evaluation of the Glidescope for Tracheal Intubation in Patients with Cervical Spine Immobilization by a Semi-Rigid Collar. Anaesthesia 2009;64(12):1337.. All these articles are more evidence that patients in cervical precautions present difficult airways: Manual in-line stabilization (MILS) of the cervical spine significantly impairs direct laryngoscopy (DL) ...
Comparison of Rocuronium with Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Induction Intubation in the Emergency Department: A...Comparison of Rocuronium with Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Induction Intubation in the Emergency Department: A...
BACKGROUND:This retrospective study was conducted at a single center in China and aimed to compare rocuronium with succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation in the Emergency Department of a hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS:An orotracheal intubation procedure was performed in a total of 267 patients by direct laryngoscopy using an intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg/kg of succinylcholine (n=141; SY group) or 1.2 mg/kg of rocuronium (n=126; RM group) for a rapid sequence induction in the emergency department. The success of orotracheal intubation was evaluated by a capnography curve. The modified Cormack-Lehane score was used to grade the direct laryngoscopy. RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in numbers of patients with successful first-attempt orotracheal intubation between the groups (112 vs. 87, P=0.067). Fewer intubation failures under direct laryngoscopy were reported in the SY group than in the RM group (23 [16%] vs. 34 [27%], P=0.037). The number of intubation
Video LaryngoscopeVideo Laryngoscope
This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Video Laryngoscope, Rigid Video Laryngoscope, Glidescope Video Laryngoscope, Storz C-Mac Video Laryngoscope, McGrath Video Laryngoscope.
Incidence and associated factors of difficult tracheal intubations in pediatric ICUs: a report from National Emergency Airway...Incidence and associated factors of difficult tracheal intubations in pediatric ICUs: a report from National Emergency Airway...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Incidence and associated factors of difficult tracheal intubations in pediatric ICUs. T2 - a report from National Emergency Airway Registry for Children: NEAR4KIDS. AU - Graciano, Ana Lia. AU - Tamburro, Robert. AU - Thompson, Ann E.. AU - Fiadjoe, John. AU - Nadkarni, Vinay M.. AU - Nishisaki, Akira. PY - 2014/10/15. Y1 - 2014/10/15. N2 - Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and associated risk factors of difficult tracheal intubations (TI) in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).Methods: Using the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS), TI quality improvement data were prospectively collected for initial TIs in 15 PICUs from July 2010 to December 2011. Difficult pediatric TI was defined as TIs by direct laryngoscopy which failed or required more than two laryngoscopy attempts by fellow/attending-level physician providers.Results: A total of 1,516 oral TIs were reported with a median age of 2 years. A total of 97 % of patients were intubated with direct ...
The bedside clinical tests to detect difficult airway management have a limited efficiency - MJEM ONLINEThe bedside clinical tests to detect difficult airway management have a limited efficiency - MJEM ONLINE
SOURCE. Roth D, Pace NL, Lee A, et al.(2018). Airway physical examination tests for detection of difficult airway management in apparently normal adult patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev5:CD008874. CONTEXT. The airway is a crucial component in the management of unconscious, anaesthetised or sedated patients.Insufficient ventilation or difficult intubation are detriments to health and difficult to predict, even in patients without anatomical pathologies or abnormalities of the upper airways.. Difficulty in airway management is defined by the presence of one of these criteria: difficult mask ventilation, difficult direct laryngoscopy, difficult tube insertion or failure of tracheal intubation.. Several quick bedside tests exist and can be used to identify high risk for difficult airways.. CLINICAL QUESTION. What is the most appropriate clinical screening test to predict difficult airway in adults without obvious airway abnormalities?. BOTTOM LINE. For difficult direct laryngoscopy, the upper lip ...
Impact of Blades Used for Scheduled Orotracheal Intubation on Postoperative Sore Throat - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govImpact of Blades Used for Scheduled Orotracheal Intubation on Postoperative Sore Throat - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Orotracheal intubation following general anesthesia requires blades to be performed. The risk of patients contamination with infectious agents related to reusable metal blades leads to promote single-use blades. Some of these latter are plastic and this material may need more strength to lift the jaw and expose the larynx before orotracheal intubation. Sometimes, change of blade, from plastic to metal, during the procedure is necessary to increase the larynx exposure. This change of blade may increase the frequency of sore throat following orotracheal intubation.. Consequently, the study hypothesis is an increase of both sore throat intensity and frequency with the plastic blades compared with the metal blades.. The primary purpose of the present study is to compare the impact of these two types of blades, metal versus plastic, on sore throat intensity and frequency following scheduled orotracheal intubation for general anesthesia ...
Welch Allyn English MacIntosh Laryngoscope Blade, Size 1 (Model 69241)Welch Allyn English MacIntosh Laryngoscope Blade, Size 1 (Model 69241)
The Welch Allyn English MacIntosh Laryngoscope Blade, Size 1 (Model 69241) is the smart choice. Key Components: English MacIntosh Laryngoscope Bla
Evaluation of the McGrath MAC and Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in 2000 patients undergoing general...Evaluation of the McGrath MAC and Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in 2000 patients undergoing general...
Securing the airway by tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy (DL) is an established and preferred technique in emergency settings and clinical anaesthesia practice. The limitations of DL are well known. To achieve a learning curve with a 90% probability of performing a successful intubation, more than 57 attempts are required to develop enough experience with the technique.1 2 To obtain optimal visualisation of the glottis, DL requires alignment of the oropharyngeal-laryngeal axes.. However, the first-pass success rate of intubation in emergency settings ranges from 40% to 80%,3-7 in intensive care units from 55% to 68%8-10 and in the operating room from 63% to 85%.11-14 Several studies have shown a correlation between increased complications and more than two intubation attempts.15-17 Indirect video laryngoscopy has become a widely accepted method for learning the techniques of airway management because it enables an optimised view of the glottis without a direct line of sight.18-20 ...
The Accuracy of Tests Used to Predict Difficult Airway and a Comparison of Macintosh Laryngoscope to Video Laryngoscope for...The Accuracy of Tests Used to Predict Difficult Airway and a Comparison of Macintosh Laryngoscope to Video Laryngoscope for...
Objectives: To compare TruView EVO2 video laryngoscope (VL) and Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) as regards their success rates in difficult intubation, hemodynamic response and postoperative complications. ...
Evaluation of ease of intubation with the GlideScope® or Macintosh laryngoscope by anaesthetists in simulated easy and...Evaluation of ease of intubation with the GlideScope® or Macintosh laryngoscope by anaesthetists in simulated easy and...
Lim, T.J., Liu, E.H.C., Lim, Y. (2005). Evaluation of ease of intubation with the GlideScope® or Macintosh laryngoscope by anaesthetists in simulated easy and difficult laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia 60 (2) : 180-183. [email protected] Repository. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04038. ...
Prediction of ease of laryngoscopy and intubation-role of upper « metajournal.comPrediction of ease of laryngoscopy and intubation-role of upper « metajournal.com
BackgroundThe incidence of difficult intubation in patients undergoing general anaesthesia is estimated to be approximately 1-18% whereas that of failure to intubate is 0.05-0.35%.1,2,3 Various methods have been used for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy. Although, upper lip bite has been shown to be a promising test in its introductory article, repeated validation in various populations is required for any test to be accepted as a routine test. We have compared upper lip bite test (ULBT), modified Mallampati test (MMC) and thyromental distance (TMD) individually and in various combinations to verify which of these predictor tests are significantly associated with difficult glottic exposure.MethodsAfter obtaining institutional ethics committee approval, 402 ASA I and II adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures requiring endotracheal intubation were included. All the three test were performed in all the patients preoperatively and their glottic exposure was recorded by ...
Best Flexible Laryngoscopy Doctor in Chennai, Flexible Laryngoscopy Doctors | CredihealthBest Flexible Laryngoscopy Doctor in Chennai, Flexible Laryngoscopy Doctors | Credihealth
Find the best flexible laryngoscopy doctors in Chennai. Get guidance from medical experts to select flexible laryngoscopy specialist in Chennai from trusted hospitals - credihealth.com
Bacterial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades during the course of daily anaesthetic practiceBacterial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades during the course of daily anaesthetic practice
LOWMAN, W; VENTER, L e SCRIBANTE, J. Bacterial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades during the course of daily anaesthetic practice. SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. [online]. 2013, vol.103, n.6, pp.386-389. ISSN 2078-5135.. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are largely preventable through risk analysis and modification of practice. Anaesthetic practice plays a limited role in the prevention of HAIs, although laryngoscope use and decontamination is an area of concern. We aimed to assess the level of microbial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades at a public hospital in South Africa. SETTING: The theatre complex of a secondary-level public hospital in Johannesburg. METHODS: Blades from two different theatres were sampled twice daily, using a standardised technique, over a 2-week period. Samples were quantitatively assessed for microbial contamination, and stratified by area on blade, theatre and time using Fishers exact test. RESULTS: A contamination rate of ...
Laryngoscopes | Anesthesia Airway Management (AAM)Laryngoscopes | Anesthesia Airway Management (AAM)
Laryngoscopes are, simply put, devices that allow to view the larynx. The larynx can be looked at either directly or indirectly.. Devices for direct laryngoscopy essentially establish a direct line of sight between the eye of the practitioner and the larynx. Direct laryngoscopes include the typical handle and blade assemblies.. Indirect laryngoscopes on the other hand use camera or fiberoptic technology to view the larynx. These devices include, for example, videolaryngoscopes or optical stylets. Indirect laryngoscopes allow an around-the-corner look at the larynx by moving the point of view downwards along the curved laryngoscope blade closer to the vocal chords.. ...
Europe Anesthesia Video Laryngoscope Market Report 2016Europe Anesthesia Video Laryngoscope Market Report 2016
Sales, means the sales volume of Anesthesia Video Laryngoscope Revenue, means the sales value of Anesthesia Video Laryngoscope This report studies sales (consumption) of Anesthesia Video Laryngoscope in Europe market, especially in Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Benelux and Spain, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these
Welch Allyn Guedel Laryngoscope Blade, Size 3 (Model 66483)Welch Allyn Guedel Laryngoscope Blade, Size 3 (Model 66483)
The Welch Allyn Guedel Laryngoscope Blade, Size 3 (Model 66483) offers quality in an original design. Key Components: Guedel Laryngoscope Blade, S
CoPilot Video Laryngoscope | DreamsCorporationCoPilot Video Laryngoscope | DreamsCorporation
Discount Even in experienced hands, research shows laryngoscopy fails about 6% of the time with Direct Laryngoscopy (DL). Video Laryngoscopy (VL) provides clinicians with a better view of t at DreamsCorporation.com
TruViewEVO2 videolaryngoscope]. - Semantic ScholarTruViewEVO2 videolaryngoscope]. - Semantic Scholar
TruViewEVO2 videolaryngoscope (Truphatek, Israel) is a modified version of the Truphatek 1. We used this device in four patients with difficult airways. A 77-year-old obese woman, scheduled for nasal surgery, had short neck and small jaw. After induction of anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, laryngoscopy was attempted using a Macintosh blade, but the epiglottis, but not the glottis, was seen. A full view of the glottis was obtained when the TruView was used, and the trachea was easily intubated. In another two patients, in whom laryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade had failed, and in one patient with limited mouth opening, the TruView allowed us to see the glottis and to intubate the trachea without difficulty. Therefore, we believe that the TrueViewEVO2 videolaryngoscope is useful in patients with difficult airways.
A Study to Predict Difficult Intubation Using Simple Non-invasive test: A Prospective Observational Study |...A Study to Predict Difficult Intubation Using Simple Non-invasive test: A Prospective Observational Study |...
Background: Airway Management is prime importance to the anaesthesiologist of all the anaesthetic deaths 30 % to 40 % are attributed to the inability to manage a difficult airway. The various simple bedside predictors of difficult airway like Mallampati test, Upper lip bite test, Thyromental, Hyomental, Thyrosternal & Sternomental distances, mandibular length, Neck circumferences etc. are easy to perform with No extra cost or inconvenience to patients. Aim: To assess the predictability of Upper lip bite test, Hyomental distance, Thyromental distance, Thyrosternal distance & Mandibular length. Objective: 1) To find out the best predictor of difficult intubation amongst the Upper Lip Bite Test, Hyomental Distance, Thyromental Distance, Thyrosternal Distance & Mandibular Length on the basis of the test. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 110 patients are randomly selected & age caring between 20 to 59 yrs both male and female are presented in anaesthesia of routine per ...
GlideScope Video Laryngoscope from Verathon Medical Canada Celebrates 10th Anniversary of VideoGlideScope Video Laryngoscope from Verathon Medical Canada Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Video
BOTHELL, Wash., April 18, 2011 /CNW/ -- GlideScope Video Laryngoscope from Verathon Medical Canada Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Video Laryngoscopy and Improving Patient Care.
Medtronic Medtronic Covidien McGrath MAC Video Laryngoscope (July, 2015)Medtronic Medtronic Covidien McGrath MAC Video Laryngoscope (July, 2015)
Help your anesthesia pros obtain more first-pass success with the McGrath MAC Video Laryngoscope from Medtronic. Using this video laryngoscope requires on
How to View the Supraglottic StructuresHow to View the Supraglottic Structures
Indirect laryngoscopy provided reasonable observation, but substantial diagnostic and surgical constraints remained. With advances in anesthesia, patients better tolerated instruments placed in their hypopharynx, and this paved the way for exploitation of direct laryngoscopy.. Adelbert von Tobold is credited with the first direct visualization of the larynx in 1864 using a tongue depressor and mirror for illumination.(9) His technique was repeated by various practitioners who all sought to improve the view. Just as today, airway pioneers were beset with the problems of displacing the anatomy and adequate illumination.(10,11) To this day, almost every development in direct laryngoscopy equipment and technique has been directed at overcoming these two adversities.. Early techniques consisted of using a tongue spatula (depressor) to displace the tongue and a handheld mirror to focus light into the patients mouth. Head-mounted mirrors soon replaced the handheld mirrors, and light sources ranged ...
Verathon Supports the Worlds Largest Airway Management Meeting - verathon.comVerathon Supports the World's Largest Airway Management Meeting - verathon.com
Bothell, Washington - November 9, 2015 - Verathon® Inc., a leading manufacturer and marketer of imaging and respiratory medical devices, announces its support for the World Airway Management Meeting (WAMM). A joint collaboration of the annual scientific meetings of The Difficult Airway Society (DAS) and The Society for Airway Management (SAM), WAMM 2015 will take place in Dublin, Ireland from November 12th-14th. This joint conference will be the largest meeting of its kind ever held, and offers an eclectic program of lectures and workshops for its delegates, of which Verathon will be a main sponsor. Together with a team of experts, Dr. John A. Pacey - inventor of GlideScope Video Laryngoscope - will be on hand at the Verathon booth to discuss the various benefits video laryngoscopy technology has brought to airway management.. Alongside the main program, Verathon will be hosting a luncheon symposium on Saturday, November 14th. The symposium, entitled "Video Laryngoscopy: The Past, Present and ...
History of tracheal intubation - WikipediaHistory of tracheal intubation - Wikipedia
Tracheal intubation (usually simply referred to as intubation), an invasive medical procedure, is the placement of a flexible plastic catheter into the trachea. For millennia, tracheotomy was considered the most reliable (and most risky) method of tracheal intubation. By the late 19th century, advances in the sciences of anatomy and physiology, as well as the beginnings of an appreciation of the germ theory of disease, had reduced the morbidity and mortality of this operation to a more acceptable rate. Also in the late 19th century, advances in endoscopic instrumentation had improved to such a degree that direct laryngoscopy had finally become a viable means to secure the airway by the non-surgical orotracheal route. Nasotracheal intubation was not widely practiced until the early 20th century. The 20th century saw the transformation of the practices of tracheotomy, endoscopy and non-surgical tracheal intubation from rarely employed procedures to essential components of the practices of ...
HEINE XP Disposable Laryngoscope Blades Miller - HEINE OptotechnikHEINE XP Disposable Laryngoscope Blades Miller - HEINE Optotechnik
The Disposable Laryngoscope Blade features the HEINE Classic+ blade shape of the worlds best-selling integral fiber optic blade. With proper use the disposable XP blade avoids cross-infection from one patient to the next. Hygienic and safe. Optimum light transmission by oversize light guide. Extremely bright: Highest level of illuminance with HEINE 2.5V or 3.5V LED illuminance within laryngoscope insert. Blade shape optimized to ease the passage of the tube. Patient-friendly with reduced risk of injury or damage to teeth. Extreme torsional stiffness, practically unbreakable. Blades do not "freeze" or stick to the tongue at low temperatures. Compatible with all handles to the ISO 7376 (green standard). ...
Sabinet | Bacterial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades during the course of daily anaesthetic practice : researchSabinet | Bacterial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades during the course of daily anaesthetic practice : research
Background and objectives. Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are largely preventable through risk analysis and modification of practice. Anaesthetic practice plays a limited role in the prevention of HAIs, although laryngoscope use and decontamination is an area of concern. We aimed to assess the level of microbial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades at a public hospital in South Africa. Setting. The theatre complex of a secondary-level public hospital in Johannesburg. Methods. Blades from two different theatres were sampled twice daily, using a standardised technique, over a 2-week period. Samples were quantitatively assessed for microbial contamination, and stratified by area on blade, theatre and time using Fisher's exact test. Results. A contamination rate of 57.3% (63/110) was found, with high-level contamination accounting for 22.2% of these. Common commensals were the most frequently isolated micro-organisms (79.1%), but important hospital pathogens such as Enterobacter species
PRIME PubMed | The Flex-It stylet is less effective than a malleable stylet for orotracheal intubation using the GlideScopePRIME PubMed | The Flex-It stylet is less effective than a malleable stylet for orotracheal intubation using the GlideScope
PubMed journal article: The Flex-It stylet is less effective than a malleable stylet for orotracheal intubation using the GlideScope. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
Patent US3856001 - Laryngoscope blade - Google PatentsPatent US3856001 - Laryngoscope blade - Google Patents
This laryngoscope blade has an elongated, transected tube-shape shaft. A major part of the length of the blade is straight and a minor part of the blade is smoothly curved to form a tip which is tapered inwardly. A flange formed by the tube and a lamp are located on the left-hand side of the blade (viewed by a patient). The tube-shape is sufficient to permit an endotracheal tube to be placed in a patient through the blade during intubation.
CR#24 Airtraq in a 5-month-old infant with a difficult airway because of Robin Sequence - AirtraqCR#24 Airtraq in a 5-month-old infant with a difficult airway because of Robin Sequence - Airtraq
Direct laryngoscopy using a Miller 1 blade, augmented by external laryngeal manipulation resulted in a Cormack-Lehane grade 3b view (tip of retroverted epiglottis only) and percent of glotttic opening (POGO) score seen was 0%. An Airtraq size 0 (infant) preloaded with a 3.0-mm ID microcuff endotracheal tube was inserted into the oropharynx. The Airtraq provided a full view of the entire glottic opening (Cormack-Lehane grade 1, POGO score 100%). The ett was advanced along the Airtraq guide channel through the vocal cords on first attempt ...
Sabinet | Video laryngoscopy in paediatric anaesthesia in South Africa : review articleSabinet | Video laryngoscopy in paediatric anaesthesia in South Africa : review article
This article provides a summary of the types of video laryngoscopes available in South Africa, and highlights some interesting paediatric cases in which video laryngoscopes were used at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria.
OPUS 4 | SearchOPUS 4 | Search
Background. Tracheal intubation still represents the gold standard in securing the airway of unconscious patients in the prehospital setting. Especially in cases of restricted access to the patient, video laryngoscopy became more and more relevant. Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance and intubation success of four different video laryngoscopes, one optical laryngoscope, and a Macintosh blade while intubating from two different positions in a mannequin trial with difficult access to the patient. Methods. A mannequin with a cervical collar was placed on the drivers seat. Intubation was performed with six different laryngoscopes either through the drivers window or from the backseat. Success, C/L score, time to best view (TTBV), time to intubation (TTI), and number of attempts were measured. All participants were asked to rate their favored device. Results. Forty-two physicians participated. 100% of all intubations performed from the backseat were successful. ...
Microlaryngoscopy (Vocal cord surgery) | Best ENT Specialist In KPHPMicrolaryngoscopy (Vocal cord surgery) | Best ENT Specialist In KPHP
Book Yourself An Appointment In India At Best ENT Otology And Neurotology Super Speciality Hospital In KPHB, Hyderabad | ENT Specialist Doctor @ raosentcare
Difficult Airway Management Auckland NZ 210617 - 4 Hours Registration, Wed, 21/06/2017 at 8:30 am | EventbriteDifficult Airway Management Auckland NZ 210617 - 4 Hours Registration, Wed, 21/06/2017 at 8:30 am | Eventbrite
Eventbrite - The Teleflex Academy presents Difficult Airway Management Auckland NZ 210617 - 4 Hours - Wednesday, 21 June 2017 at Domain Lodge, Grafton, Auckland. Find event and registration information.
Biblio du mois - Juin 2018 - AJAR Paris - IDFBiblio du mois - Juin 2018 - AJAR Paris - IDF
Driver et al., JAMA, 2018. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2681717. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6496. Importance The tracheal tube introducer, known as the bougie, is typically used to aid tracheal intubation in poor laryngoscopic views or after intubation attempts fail. The effect of routine bougie use on first-attempt intubation success is unclear.. Objective To compare first attempt intubation success facilitated by the bougie vs the endotracheal tube + stylet.. Design, Setting, and Patients The Bougie Use in Emergency Airway Management (BEAM) trial was a randomized clinical trial conducted from September 2016 through August 2017 in the emergency department at Hennepin County Medical Center, an urban, academic department in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where emergency physicians perform all endotracheal intubations. Included patients were 18 years and older who were consecutively admitted to the emergency department and underwent emergency orotracheal intubation with a Macintosh ...
Comparison of alfentanil and lignocaine in blunting the pressor response during endotracheal intubationComparison of alfentanil and lignocaine in blunting the pressor response during endotracheal intubation
... Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation produce marked increases in heart rate and blood pressure, which is potentially dangerous in certain patients. Various pharmacological agents have been used before laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in an attempt to attenuate the adrenergic response, but with varying degree of success. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of lignocaine to alfentanil in blunting the pressor response to endotracheal intubation. DESIGN An open label comparative study. POPULATION Seventy eight ASA I and II adult patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years booked for elective surgery which requires endotracheal intubation. SETTING Dr George Mukhari Hospital, a tertiary level training hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. 2 METHOD After obtaining ethical clearance the study was conducted on 78 ASA class I & II patients. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups according ...
Optical stylets | Anesthesia Airway Management (AAM)Optical stylets | Anesthesia Airway Management (AAM)
We have listed these devices as a separate category, although they are really just a type of laryngoscope, enabling indirect laryngoscopy, like videolaryngoscopes do. The main difference from videolaryngoscopes is that an endotracheal tube can be loaded onto an optical stylet and railroaded into the trachea once the tip of the stylet has been passed through the vocal chords.. Optical stylets can be used as sole intubation devices or in combination with standard laryngoscope blades.. Shikani stylet. Bonfils stylet. ...
ClinMed International Library | Difficult Airway Management in Patients Submitted to General Anesthesia. Is it a Matter of...ClinMed International Library | Difficult Airway Management in Patients Submitted to General Anesthesia. Is it a Matter of...
Incidence of difficult tracheal intubation in elective surgery population varies in a wide range, with estimated pooled frequency of 6.8%. Unanticipated difficult intubation has been reported in 1.5 8.5% of all general anesthesia.
SWIVIT - Swiss video-intubation trial evaluating video-laryngoscopes in a simulated difficult airway scenario: study protocol...SWIVIT - Swiss video-intubation trial evaluating video-laryngoscopes in a simulated difficult airway scenario: study protocol...
Most previous studies have based sample size calculations on differences of the intubation difficulty score (IDS), developed by Adnet in 1997 for direct laryngoscopy [12]. However, a retrospective study by McElwain has raised concerns about the validity of the IDS with VLS [13]. The most important outcome parameter for VLS or any guided intubation devices is the success rate. Most available data are from patients with normal airway anatomy and, therefore, not comparable with our setting. Only one study immobilized the patients necks with collars to investigate the C-MAC in 43 patients. That study found an overall success rate of 88% [10]. This is an unacceptable low success rate for the management of a difficult airway, but the study was underpowered: we calculated the 95% CI in that study to be 0.75 to 0.95 for overall success rate.. In order to rate an intubation device as "successful", we define that the lower limit of the 95% CI should not be smaller than 0.9. We based our sample size on ...
History of general anesthesiaHistory of general anesthesia
Tracheal intubationTracheal intubation
British Columbia Ambulance ServiceBritish Columbia Ambulance Service
History of tracheal intubationHistory of tracheal intubation
Ludwig TürckLudwig Türck
Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory TestingFlexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing with Sensory Testing
Laryngeal papillomatosisLaryngeal papillomatosis
Cricoid pressureCricoid pressure
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructionExercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
DysphagiaDysphagia
DysgeusiaDysgeusia
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Victor von BrunsVictor von Bruns
Morell MackenzieMorell Mackenzie
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János BókaiJános Bókai
Cormack-Lehane classification systemCormack-Lehane classification system
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LarynxLarynx
Gustav Brühl (author)Gustav Brühl (author)
Laryngeal cancerLaryngeal cancer
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Ephedrine for shortening the time to achieve excellent intubation conditions during direct laryngoscopy in adults | CochraneEphedrine for shortening the time to achieve excellent intubation conditions during direct laryngoscopy in adults | Cochrane
Awake video laryngoscopy - an alternative to awake fiberoptic intubation? - Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine - Western...Awake video laryngoscopy - an alternative to awake fiberoptic intubation? - Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine - Western...
Ultrasonography for predicting a difficult laryngoscopy. Getting closer | springermedizin.deUltrasonography for predicting a difficult laryngoscopy. Getting closer | springermedizin.de
Haemodynamic response to endotrachial intubation: direct versus video laryngoscopy - - ScopeMed.org - Deposit for Medical...Haemodynamic response to endotrachial intubation: direct versus video laryngoscopy - - ScopeMed.org - Deposit for Medical...
How To Do Mirror Laryngoscopy - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders - MSD Manual Professional EditionHow To Do Mirror Laryngoscopy - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition
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Comparison of Video Laryngoscopy Technologies | Journal of Medical Devices | ASME DCComparison of Video Laryngoscopy Technologies | Journal of Medical Devices | ASME DC
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Surgeries and Procedures: LaryngoscopySurgeries and Procedures: Laryngoscopy
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Beths First Laryngoscopy - Vocal Cords in Action - YouTubeBeth's First Laryngoscopy - Vocal Cords in Action - YouTube
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Direct laryngoscopy - definition of direct laryngoscopy by The Free DictionaryDirect laryngoscopy - definition of direct laryngoscopy by The Free Dictionary
Laryngoscopy | University of Maryland Medical CenterLaryngoscopy | University of Maryland Medical Center
Four Secrets to Video LaryngoscopyFour Secrets to Video Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder.govLaryngoscopy | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder.gov
Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal Intubation: Background, Indications, ContraindicationsVideo Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal Intubation: Background, Indications, Contraindications
Laryngoscopy investigation | Treatments & Procedures | Spire HealthcareLaryngoscopy investigation | Treatments & Procedures | Spire Healthcare
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HealthBoards - View Single Post - SCARED!!! upcoming laryngoscopy... numbing questionHealthBoards - View Single Post - SCARED!!! upcoming laryngoscopy... numbing question
Role of flexible laryngoscopy in evaluating aspiration.Role of flexible laryngoscopy in evaluating aspiration.
A Tooth Broken After Laryngoscopy: Unlikely to Be Caused by... : Anesthesia & AnalgesiaA Tooth Broken After Laryngoscopy: Unlikely to Be Caused by... : Anesthesia & Analgesia
Laryngoscopy | Health Information | Bupa UKLaryngoscopy | Health Information | Bupa UK
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Video Laryngoscopes - Growing Demand for Robot-assisted Laryngoscopy is an Emerging Trend | Technavio | Business WireVideo Laryngoscopes - Growing Demand for Robot-assisted Laryngoscopy is an Emerging Trend | Technavio | Business Wire
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
LaryngoscopyLaryngoscopesIntubation, IntratrachealLarynxAirway ManagementVocal Cord ParalysisFiber Optic TechnologyLaryngeal DiseasesGlottisVocal CordsAnesthesia, GeneralVideo RecordingLaryngitisHoarsenessEpiglottisLaryngeal MasksRetrognathiaAnesthesiologyDisposable EquipmentLingual Nerve InjuriesTooth InjuriesEquipment DesignLaryngeal EdemaManikinsEpiglottitisLaryngostenosisArytenoid CartilageLaryngomalaciaVideo-Assisted SurgeryThyroid CartilageNeckTongue DiseasesVoice QualitySpeech-Language PathologyAirway ObstructionHeadLaryngeal NeoplasmsPreanesthetic MedicationAnesthesia, InhalationPropofolAndrostanolsSpinal InjuriesAnesthetics, IntravenousMaxillary FracturesDysgeusiaThiopentalCervical VertebraeNeuromuscular Nondepolarizing AgentsLaryngeal Nerve InjuriesImmobilizationAlfentanilSuccinylcholineChinLaryngopharyngeal Reflux
Tracheal intubationIndirectFiberopticLarynxGeneral anesthesiaFiber-opticAirway managementCombined with difficult laryngoscopyResponses to Laryngoscopy and IntubationEndotrachealHaemodynamic responseLook At LaryngoscopyTypes of laryngoscopyLaryngoscopeBiopsyRigid laryngoscopyProcedureThroatIntubateOrotracheal intubationNoseExaminationVideolaryngoscopyExamLaryngealOxygenationAbstractBladeDifficultPatientsKidsHealth
Tracheal intubation3
Indirect12
Fiberoptic3
Larynx10
General anesthesia3
Fiber-optic2
Airway management2
  • If laryngoscopy is essential, it should be done in the controlled setting of an operating room with a person skilled at difficult airway management (including surgical techniques) present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In a collection of manuscripts, Dr. Hastings has evaluated the effects of equipment and technique on cervical spine movement with laryngoscopy and reviewed the implications of spine injury for airway management. (ucsd.edu)
Combined with difficult laryngoscopy1
Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation1
Endotracheal4
Haemodynamic response2
Look At Laryngoscopy1
  • Below, we'll take a look at laryngoscopy and when you might need one. (alpineent.com)
Types of laryngoscopy1
  • There are two types of laryngoscopy, and each uses different equipment. (peacehealth.org)
Laryngoscope1
Biopsy1
Rigid laryngoscopy2
Procedure2
  • If the patient does not tolerate this procedure, flexible laryngoscopy should be done. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Laryngoscopy Hospitals Patients can find significant cost savings and shorter waiting times without compromising on quality by traveling from their home country for a major procedure like a Laryngoscopy. (lyfboat.com)
Throat10
Intubate3
Orotracheal intubation1
Nose2
Examination1
  • A general health examination will be carried out during the consultation period to assess the level of risk involved if the surgery for Laryngoscopy goes ahead. (lyfboat.com)
Videolaryngoscopy1
  • It's not meant to cover the whole world of laryngoscopy and we've deliberately avoided chat about videolaryngoscopy as that is it's own topic, but we do hope it will start a bit of chat. (songsorstories.com)
Exam1
Laryngeal1
  • Measurements: Patient BMI, Mallampati airway class, thyromental distance, neck circumference, cervical extension ability, Cormack and Lehane laryngoscopic grade for each laryngoscopy, subjective lifting force required, and need for external laryngeal pressure were recorded. (elsevier.com)
Oxygenation2
  • A nice calm bag-mask ventilation period while familiarising yourself with your most important task (oxygenation, not intubation) sets you up for a stress free and well pre-oxygenated laryngoscopy. (songsorstories.com)
  • A little more time spent on pre-oxygenation, waiting for drugs to take effect and checking equipment nearly always leads to a smoother attempt at laryngoscopy. (songsorstories.com)
Abstract1
Blade1
Difficult5
Patients5
  • Many hospitals have started offering services designed for Laryngoscopy to make the process smoother for international patients. (lyfboat.com)
  • The accreditations and certifications of a hospital can help Laryngoscopy patients make a judgement about their level of safety and quality. (lyfboat.com)
  • On the other hand, the spine movement with laryngoscopy may be dangerous in patients with cervical spine injury because of the possibility of causing new neurologic deficits. (ucsd.edu)
  • Group 'E', patients were given intravenous Esmolol 1.5 mg/kg 2 minutes before start of laryngoscopy. (msjonline.org)
  • In Normotensive patients requiring general anaesthesia with laryngoscopy and intubation, authors conclude that intravenous Esmolol 1.5 mg/kg attenuated Heart rate response but fails to satisfactorily prevent rise in blood pressure. (msjonline.org)
KidsHealth1
Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy (kidshealth.org)
Indirect Laryngoscopy
Indirect Laryngoscopy (smartdraw.com)
Laryngoscopy | Children's Education Materials
Laryngoscopy | Children's Education Materials (childrensmn.org)
Video Laryngoscopes - Growing Demand for Robot-assisted Laryngoscopy is an Emerging Trend | Technavio | Business Wire
Video Laryngoscopes - Growing Demand for Robot-assisted Laryngoscopy is an Emerging Trend | Technavio | Business Wire (businesswire.com)
Laryngoscopy AR on the App Store
Laryngoscopy AR on the App Store (itunes.apple.com)
Bullard Laryngoscopy: Overview, Periprocedural Care, Technique
Bullard Laryngoscopy: Overview, Periprocedural Care, Technique (emedicine.medscape.com)
Beth's First Laryngoscopy - Vocal Cords in Action - YouTube
Beth's First Laryngoscopy - Vocal Cords in Action - YouTube (youtube.com)
Emergent Management of Pediatric Epiglottitis: Overview, Prehospital Care, Initial ED Management
Emergent Management of Pediatric Epiglottitis: Overview, Prehospital Care, Initial ED Management (emedicine.medscape.com)
Laryngoscopy and biopsy - child
Laryngoscopy and biopsy - child (netdoctor.co.uk)
Throat Cancer and Voice Box Cancer | Durham, Raleigh, North Carolina | Duke Health
Throat Cancer and Voice Box Cancer | Durham, Raleigh, North Carolina | Duke Health (dukehealth.org)
Vocal Cord Dysfunction - American Family Physician
Vocal Cord Dysfunction - American Family Physician (aafp.org)
Reflux Laryngitis and Related Disorders - Robert Thayer Sataloff, Philip O Katz, Mary Hawkshaw - Bok (9781597565387) | Bokus
Reflux Laryngitis and Related Disorders - Robert Thayer Sataloff, Philip O Katz, Mary Hawkshaw - Bok (9781597565387) | Bokus (bokus.com)
Laryngoscopy investigation | Treatments & Procedures | Spire Healthcare
Laryngoscopy investigation | Treatments & Procedures | Spire Healthcare (spirehealthcare.com)
Efficacy of Olympus Chemistry
Efficacy of Olympus Chemistry (olympus-europa.com)
Medications used in Tracheal Intubation: Medications for Rapid Sequence Endotracheal Intubation, Stage 1 - Pretreatment,...
Medications used in Tracheal Intubation: Medications for Rapid Sequence Endotracheal Intubation, Stage 1 - Pretreatment,... (emedicine.medscape.com)
Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal Intubation: Background, Indications, Contraindications
Video Laryngoscopy and Fiberoptic-Assisted Tracheal Intubation: Background, Indications, Contraindications (emedicine.medscape.com)
August 2017 - Volume 125 - Issue 2 : Anesthesia & Analgesia
August 2017 - Volume 125 - Issue 2 : Anesthesia & Analgesia (journals.lww.com)
N/a Instrumentals, N/a Instrumentals Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com
N/a Instrumentals, N/a Instrumentals Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com (alibaba.com)
Thyroid Nodules | Hoag
Thyroid Nodules | Hoag (hoag.org)
Injuries from Ingestion of Wire Bristles from Grill-Cleaning Brushes - Providence, Rhode Island, March 2011-June 2012
Injuries from Ingestion of Wire Bristles from Grill-Cleaning Brushes - Providence, Rhode Island, March 2011-June 2012 (cdc.gov)
Indirect laryngoscopy | The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Indirect laryngoscopy | The College of Family Physicians of Canada (cfp.ca)
Dynamic laryngeal narrowing during exercise: a mechanism for generating intrinsic PEEP in COPD? | Thorax
Dynamic laryngeal narrowing during exercise: a mechanism for generating intrinsic PEEP in COPD? | Thorax (thorax.bmj.com)
Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine | KARL STORZ Endoskope | Malaysia
Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine | KARL STORZ Endoskope | Malaysia (karlstorz.com)
Publications :: Plural Publishing
Publications :: Plural Publishing (pluralpublishing.com)
Airway Management | MindMeister Mind Map
Airway Management | MindMeister Mind Map (mindmeister.com)
Anesthésie et médecine d'urgence | KARL STORZ Endoskope | Algérie
Anesthésie et médecine d'urgence | KARL STORZ Endoskope | Algérie (karlstorz.com)
Bronchoscopy and/or Laryngoscopy: Discharge instructions | Children's Education Materials
Bronchoscopy and/or Laryngoscopy: Discharge instructions | Children's Education Materials (childrensmn.org)
Phonatory stop | voicedoctor.net
Phonatory stop | voicedoctor.net (voicedoctor.net)
Throat ulcers: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
Throat ulcers: Causes, symptoms, and treatment (medicalnewstoday.com)