Lanthanum. The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.
A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.
Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
The property of TEETH to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, mineral ions and other substances. It does not include the penetration of the teeth by microorganisms.
Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)
Thulium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.
A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used in organic syntheses. This should not be confused with benzoin gum from STYRAX.
Inorganic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
A group of elements that include SCANDIUM; YTTRIUM; and the LANTHANOID SERIES ELEMENTS. Historically, the rare earth metals got their name from the fact that they were never found in their pure elemental form, but as an oxide. In addition they were very difficult to purify. They are not truly rare and comprise about 25% of the metals in the earth's crust.
Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.
Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.
An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.
A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
The largest family of snakes, comprising five subfamilies: Colubrinae, Natricinae, Homalopsinae, Lycodontinae, and Xenodontinae. They show a great diversity of eating habits, some eating almost anything, others having a specialized diet. They can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous. The majority of North American snakes are colubrines. Among the colubrids are king snakes, water moccasins, water snakes, and garter snakes. Some genera are poisonous. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp321-29)
A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.
The outermost cytoplasmic layer of the SCHWANN CELLS covering NERVE FIBERS.
An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)
A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries.

Dopamine stimulates salivary duct cells in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. (1/803)

This study examines whether the salivary duct cells of the cockroach Periplaneta americana can be stimulated by the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. We have carried out digital Ca2+-imaging experiments using the Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2 and conventional intracellular recordings from isolated salivary glands. Dopamine evokes a slow, almost tonic, and reversible dose-dependent elevation in [Ca2+]i in the duct cells. Upon stimulation with 10(-)6 mol l-1 dopamine, [Ca2+]i rises from 48+/-4 nmol l-1 to 311+/-43 nmol l-1 (mean +/- s.e.m., N=18) within 200-300 s. The dopamine-induced elevation in [Ca2+]i is absent in Ca2+-free saline and is blocked by 10(-)4 mol l-1 La3+, indicating that dopamine induces an influx of Ca2+ across the basolateral membrane of the duct cells. Stimulation with 10(-)6 mol l-1 dopamine causes the basolateral membrane to depolarize from -67+/-1 to -41+/-2 mV (N=10). This depolarization is also blocked by La3+ and is abolished when Na+ in the bath solution is reduced to 10 mmol l-1. Serotonin affects neither [Ca2+]i nor the basolateral membrane potential of the duct cells. These data indicate that the neurotransmitter dopamine, which has previously been shown to stimulate fluid secretion from the glands, also stimulates the salivary duct cells, suggesting that dopamine controls their most probable function, the modification of primary saliva.  (+info)

Increased calcium entry into dystrophin-deficient muscle fibres of MDX and ADR-MDX mice is reduced by ion channel blockers. (2/803)

1. Single fibres were enzymatically isolated from interosseus muscles of dystrophic MDX mice, myotonic-dystrophic double mutant ADR-MDX mice and C57BL/10 controls. The fibres were kept in cell culture for up to 2 weeks for the study of Ca2+ homeostasis and sarcolemmal Ca2+ permeability. 2. Resting levels of intracellular free Ca2+, determined with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2, were slightly higher in MDX (63 +/- 20 nM; means +/- s.d.; n = 454 analysed fibres) and ADR-MDX (65 +/- 12 nM; n = 87) fibres than in controls (51 +/- 20 nM; n = 265). 3. The amplitudes of electrically induced Ca2+ transients did not differ between MDX fibres and controls. Decay time constants of Ca2+ transients ranged between 10 and 55 ms in both genotypes. In 50 % of MDX fibres (n = 68), but in only 20 % of controls (n = 54), the decay time constants were > 35 ms. 4. Bath application of Mn2+ resulted in a progressive quench of fura-2 fluorescence emitted from the fibres. The quench rate was about 2 times higher in MDX fibres (3.98 +/- 1.9 % min-1; n = 275) than in controls (2.03 +/- 1.4 % min-1; n = 204). The quench rate in ADR-MDX fibres (2.49 +/- 1.4 % min-1; n = 87) was closer to that of controls. 5. The Mn2+ influx into MDX fibres was reduced to 10 % by Gd3+, to 19 % by La3+ and to 47 % by Ni2+ (all at 50 microM). Bath application of 50 microM amiloride inhibited the Mn2+ influx to 37 %. 6. We conclude that in isolated, resting MDX muscle fibres the membrane permeability for divalent cations is increased. The presumed additional influx of Ca2+ occurs through ion channels, but is well compensated for by effective cellular Ca2+ transport systems. The milder dystrophic phenotype of ADR-MDX mice is correlated with a smaller increase of their sarcolemmal Ca2+ permeability.  (+info)

Thapsigargin inhibits a potassium conductance and stimulates calcium influx in the intact rat lens. (3/803)

1. An increase in lens cell calcium has long been associated with cortical cataract. Recently, it has been shown that thapsigargin induces a rise in lens cell calcium by release from endoplasmic reticulum stores. The effects of this rise on the optical and membrane characteristics of the lens were studied in the isolated rat lens. 2. The electrical characteristics of the isolated, perifused rat lens were measured using a two-internal microelectrode technique that permits measurement of plasma membrane conductance (Gm), membrane potential (Vm) and junctional conductance in the intact lens. 3. Thapsigargin (1 microM) induced a rapid overall depolarization of Vm that was accompanied by first a decrease and then an increase in Gm. 4. Replacing external Na+ with tetraethylammonium (TEA) abolished the decrease in Gm. However, a transient increase phase was still observed. 5. The changes in conductance were further characterized by measuring 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ influxes into the isolated lens. Thapsigargin (1 microM) induced a transient increase in 45Ca2+, but did not affect Na+ influx. 6. The Ca2+ channel blocker La3+ (10 microM) totally inhibited the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ influx. It also blocked the increase in Gm observed in control and in Na+-free-TEA medium. In the absence of external calcium, thapsigargin induced a small depolarization in Vm. 7. These data indicate that thapsigargin induces both a decrease in K+ conductance and an increase in Ca2+ conductance. These probably result from release of stored Ca2+ and subsequent activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels (capacitative Ca2+ entry). 8. Thapsigargin application over the time course of these experiments (24 h) had no effect on junctional conductance or on the transparency of the lens.  (+info)

Sequential activation of different Ca2+ entry pathways upon cholinergic stimulation in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. (4/803)

1. We have studied capacitative calcium entry (CCE) under different experimental conditions in fura-2-loaded mouse pancreatic acinar cells by digital microscopic fluorimetry. CCE was investigated during [Ca2+]i decay after cell stimulation with a supramaximal concentration of ACh (10 microM) or during Ca2+ readmission in Ca2+-depleted cells (pretreated with thapsigargin or ACh). 2. La3+ and Zn2+ (100 microM) inhibited CCE during Ca2+ readmission but had negligible effects during ACh decay. In contrast flufenamic acid (100 microM), an inhibitor of non-selective cation channels, genistein (10 microM), a broad-range tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and piceatannol (10 microM), an inhibitor specific for non-receptor Syk tyrosine kinase, inhibited CCE during ACh decay but not during Ca2+ reintroduction. 3. Simultaneous detection of Mn2+ entry and [Ca2+]i measurement showed that, in the presence of extracellular calcium, application of 100 microM Mn2+ during ACh decay resulted in manganese influx without alteration of calcium influx, whilst when applied during Ca2+ readmission, Mn2+ entry was significantly smaller and induced a clear inhibition of CCE. 4. Application of the specific protein kinase C inhibitor GF109293X (3 microM) reduced CCE in Ca2+-depleted cells, whereas the activator phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate (3 microM) increased Ca2+ entry. 5. Based on these results we propose that cholinergic stimulation of mouse pancreatic acinar cells induces Ca2+ influx with an initial phase operated by a non-specific cation channel, sensitive to flufenamic acid and tyrosine kinase inhibitors but insensitive to lanthanum and divalent cations, followed by a moderately Ca2+-selective conductance inhibited by lanthanum and divalent cations.  (+info)

Calcium block of Na+ channels and its effect on closing rate. (5/803)

Calcium ion transiently blocks Na+ channels, and it shortens the time course for closing of their activation gates. We examined the relation between block and closing kinetics by using the Na+ channels natively expressed in GH3 cells, a clonal line of rat pituitary cells. To simplify analysis, inactivation of the Na+ channels was destroyed by including papain in the internal medium. All divalent cations tested, and trivalent La3+, blocked a progressively larger fraction of the channels as their concentration increased, and they accelerated the closing of the Na+ channel activation gate. For calcium, the most extensively studied cation, there is an approximately linear relation between the fraction of the channels that are calcium-blocked and the closing rate. Extrapolation of the data to very low calcium suggests that closing rate is near zero when there is no block. Analysis shows that, almost with certainty, the channels can close when occupied by calcium. The analysis further suggests that the channels close preferentially or exclusively from the calcium-blocked state.  (+info)

Isolation and characterization of a Ca2+ -binding polysaccharide associated with coccoliths of Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Kamptner. (6/803)

C-occolithophoridae, a group of mostly unicellular algae, possess a cell wall containing calcified plates, called coccoliths. The coccoliths from the species Emilania huxleyi (Lohmann) Kamptner contain a water-soluble acid polysaccharide. In this paper we describe the isolation and some characteristic properties of the polysaccharide, in particular its Ca2+ -binding capacity. A large-scale cultivation of the Coccolithophoridae was worked out and a new procedure for isolating coccoliths was developed. The polysaccharide obtained from the coccoliths contained two types of monobasic acid groups in a total amount of 1.8 mumol/mg polysaccharide. One type consisted of weakly acid groups which were identified as uronic acids. The nature of the stronger acid groups remains to be established. The ratio between the respective groups was 1:0.8. Studies with 45Ca2+ demonstrated that the isolated polysaccharide is capable of binding Ca2+. Equilibrium dialysis revealed that the maximum amount of Ca2+ which can be bound in 0.92 +/- 0.05 mumol/mg polysaccharide. Flow-rate dialysis experiments strongly suggested the presence of two classes of Ca2+ -binding sites differing in affinity for Ca2+. High-affinity sites (dissociation constant Kd for Ca2+ :2.2 +/- 1.0 X 10(-5) M) were found to be present in amounts (0.38 +/- 0.04 mumol/mg polysaccharide) approximately equivalent to the strongly acid monovalent groups mentioned above (0.8 mumol/mg polysaccharide). Low-affinity sites (Kd for Ca2+: -11 +/- 39 X 10(-5) M) were estimated at 0.74 +/- 0.11 mumol/mg polysaccharide. Although this figure could be determined less accurately, it is suggested that the uronic acids (1.0 mumol/mg polysaccharide) are identical to the low-affinity sites. Preferential binding of Ca2+ occurred in a 100-fold excess of Na+ and Mg2+ as was shown by gel filtration. A 100-fold excess of Sr2+ inhibited Ca2+ binding to a great extent while no Ca2+ was bound in the presence of an equimolar amount of La3+. The dissociation constants of the high-affinity sites for Na+, Mg2+, Sr2+ and La3+ (in the presence of Ca2+) were determined with the flow-rate dialysis technique. They confirm the order of binding preference found with gel filtration. A polysaccharide with similar properties could be isolated from subfossil coccoliths of E. hyxleyi (about 1000 years old). The possible role of the polysaccharide as a heterogeneous matrix in coccolith formation is discussed.  (+info)

Evidence for calcium inactivation during hormone release in the rat neurohypophysis. (7/803)

1. A study has been made of the relationship between 45Ca uptake into and hormone release from isolated rat neurohypophyses incubated in vitro. 2. Hormone secretion is triggered by high-K (56 mM) but long exposure to the stimulus does not generate a maintained release of hormone. 3. When hormone release began to wane, addition of Ba of La increased hormone output which suggests that the decline in output did not result from depletion of the neurosecretory granules at the nerve terminals. 4. 45Ca uptake is enhanced in the presence of high-K concentration, but the initial high rate declines during long exposure to the potassium stimulus with a time constant similar to that of the decline in hormone release. 5. After a period of incubation in a K-rich, calcium-free medium, addition of calcium to the medium induced hormone release. The magnitude of this release was dependent on the time of exposure to excess potassium. 6. After inactivation of secretion, mobilization of internal calcium by means of a calcium ionophore increased hormone release.  (+info)

Manganese-dependent propagated action potentials and their depression by electrical stimulation in guinea-pig myocardium perfused by sodium-free media. (8/803)

1. Propagated action potentials were recorded in right ventricular papillary muscles from guinea-pig heart while exposed to Na-free, Ca-free and Mg-free solutions containing Mn. 2. When Na was totally replaced by 95 mM-Mn the overshoot was about 45 mV while the resting potential was about -90mV. 3. The overshoot of action potentials was increased by about 20-30 mV per tenfold increase of Mn concentration over the range of 2-50 mM. 4. Similar increases of overshoots with increasing of Mn concentration also occurred in the presence of 0-6 mM-Ca. Increasing of Ca from 5 to 20 mM had little influence on the overshoot but shortened the duration of the Mn-dependent action potential in the presence of 5 mM-MN. 5 Mn-dependent action potentials were not depressed by 3 X 10(5) M tetrodotoxin but by La. 6. These results suggest that Mn passes through the slow inward current channel to generate the action potential seen under the Na-free condition. 7. The overshoot and duration of the Mn-dependent action potential decreased with stimulation. At stimulus frequencies (Hz) of 0-5, 0-2, 0-1, 0-017 and 0-0033 the overshoot of action potential in 5 mM-Mn Tyrode decreased by 0-5-1 mV per an action potential. This depression of the action potential is explained by assuming intracellular accumulation of Mn.  (+info)

Lanthanum is not a medical term itself, but it is a chemical element with the symbol "La" and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that belongs to the lanthanide series in the periodic table.

However, in medical contexts, lanthanum may be mentioned as a component of certain medications or medical devices. For example, lanthanum carbonate (trade name Fosrenol) is a medication used to treat hyperphosphatemia (elevated levels of phosphate in the blood) in patients with chronic kidney disease. Lanthanum carbonate works by binding to phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream.

It is important to note that lanthanum compounds are not biologically active and do not have any specific medical effects on their own. Any medical uses of lanthanum are related to its physical or chemical properties, rather than its biological activity.

Hyperphosphatemia is a medical condition characterized by an excessively high level of phosphate (a form of the chemical element phosphorus) in the blood. Phosphate is an important component of various biological molecules, such as DNA, RNA, and ATP, and it plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including energy metabolism and signal transduction.

In healthy individuals, the concentration of phosphate in the blood is tightly regulated within a narrow range to maintain normal physiological functions. However, when the phosphate level rises above this range (typically defined as a serum phosphate level greater than 4.5 mg/dL or 1.46 mmol/L), it can lead to hyperphosphatemia.

Hyperphosphatemia can result from various underlying medical conditions, including:

* Kidney dysfunction: The kidneys are responsible for filtering excess phosphate out of the blood and excreting it in the urine. When the kidneys fail to function properly, they may be unable to remove enough phosphate, leading to its accumulation in the blood.
* Hypoparathyroidism: The parathyroid glands produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body. In hypoparathyroidism, the production of PTH is insufficient, leading to an increase in phosphate levels.
* Hyperparathyroidism: In contrast, excessive production of PTH can also lead to hyperphosphatemia by increasing the release of phosphate from bones and decreasing its reabsorption in the kidneys.
* Excessive intake of phosphate-rich foods or supplements: Consuming large amounts of phosphate-rich foods, such as dairy products, nuts, and legumes, or taking phosphate supplements can raise blood phosphate levels.
* Tumor lysis syndrome: This is a complication that can occur after the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly hematological malignancies. The rapid destruction of cancer cells releases large amounts of intracellular contents, including phosphate, into the bloodstream, leading to hyperphosphatemia.
* Rhabdomyolysis: This is a condition in which muscle tissue breaks down, releasing its contents, including phosphate, into the bloodstream. It can be caused by various factors, such as trauma, infection, or drug toxicity.

Hyperphosphatemia can have several adverse effects on the body, including calcification of soft tissues, kidney damage, and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose and manage hyperphosphatemia promptly to prevent complications. Treatment options may include dietary modifications, medications that bind phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract, and dialysis in severe cases.

Phosphorus metabolism disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the body's ability to properly regulate the levels and utilization of phosphorus. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in many biological processes, including energy production, bone formation, and nerve function.

Disorders of phosphorus metabolism can result from genetic defects, kidney dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, or other medical conditions. These disorders can lead to abnormal levels of phosphorus in the blood, which can cause a range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, bone pain, seizures, and respiratory failure.

Examples of phosphorus metabolism disorders include:

1. Hypophosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, such as malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, and kidney dysfunction.
2. Hyperphosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by kidney failure, tumor lysis syndrome, and certain medications.
3. Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets: This is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to regulate vitamin D and phosphorus metabolism. It can lead to weakened bones and skeletal deformities.
4. Oncogenic osteomalacia: This is a rare condition that occurs when tumors produce substances that interfere with phosphorus metabolism, leading to bone pain and weakness.

Treatment for phosphorus metabolism disorders depends on the underlying cause of the disorder and may include dietary changes, supplements, medications, or surgery.

I am not able to find a single medical definition for "tooth permeability" as it is not a widely used or recognized term in dental or medical literature. However, I can provide some context that might help you understand the concept.

In general, permeability refers to the ability of a material or tissue to allow fluids or gases to pass through it. In the case of teeth, they are composed of several layers: the outer enamel, dentin, and the inner pulp. Enamel is highly mineralized and does not have living cells, making it relatively impermeable to substances. Dentin, on the other hand, contains microscopic tubules filled with fluid and nerve endings, which can potentially allow for some permeability.

However, when people talk about tooth permeability in a dental context, they might be referring to the ability of various substances (such as acids, bacteria, or chemicals) to penetrate through the enamel and dentin layers and reach the inner pulp chamber. This can lead to dental issues like tooth decay, sensitivity, or infection.

In summary, while "tooth permeability" is not a standard medical term, it may refer to the ability of substances to pass through the various layers of the tooth and potentially cause damage.

Intercellular junctions are specialized areas of contact between two or more adjacent cells in multicellular organisms. They play crucial roles in maintaining tissue structure and function by regulating the movement of ions, molecules, and even larger cellular structures from one cell to another. There are several types of intercellular junctions, including:

1. Tight Junctions (Zonulae Occludentes): These are the most apical structures in epithelial and endothelial cells, forming a virtually impermeable barrier to prevent the paracellular passage of solutes and water between the cells. They create a tight seal by connecting the transmembrane proteins of adjacent cells, such as occludin and claudins.
2. Adherens Junctions: These are located just below the tight junctions and help maintain cell-to-cell adhesion and tissue integrity. Adherens junctions consist of cadherin proteins that form homophilic interactions with cadherins on adjacent cells, as well as intracellular adaptor proteins like catenins, which connect to the actin cytoskeleton.
3. Desmosomes: These are another type of cell-to-cell adhesion structure, primarily found in tissues that experience mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart. Desmosomes consist of cadherin proteins (desmocadherins) that interact with each other and connect to intermediate filaments (keratin in epithelial cells) via plakoglobin and desmoplakin.
4. Gap Junctions: These are specialized channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the exchange of small molecules, ions, and second messengers. Gap junctions consist of connexin proteins that form hexameric structures called connexons in the plasma membrane of each cell. When two connexons align, they create a continuous pore or channel between the cells.

In summary, intercellular junctions are essential for maintaining tissue structure and function by regulating paracellular transport, cell-to-cell adhesion, and intercellular communication.

Thulium is not a medical term, but a chemical element in the periodic table with atomic number 69. It's a rare earth metal that is silvery-gray and has a bright blue emission line in its spectrum. In medicine, thulium is used in some medical devices such as thulium lasers for the treatment of various conditions like kidney stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, it's not a term that would be used to describe a medical condition or diagnosis.

Benzoin, in a medical context, most commonly refers to a type of compound called a benzoin resin or benzoin tincture, which is derived from the bark of certain trees in the genus Styrax. It has been used traditionally in medicine for its antiseptic and expectorant properties.

Benzoin resin is obtained by making incisions in the bark of the tree and allowing the resin to exude and harden. The solidified resin is then collected and may be ground into a powder or dissolved in alcohol to create a tincture.

Benzoin tincture has been used topically as an antiseptic and to help heal wounds, ulcers, and burns. It has also been used as an expectorant to help clear respiratory congestion and coughs.

It is important to note that benzoin should be used with caution, as it can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some people. Additionally, benzoin tincture contains a significant amount of alcohol and should not be taken internally without the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Phosphorus compounds refer to chemical substances that contain phosphorus (P) combined with one or more other elements. Phosphorus can form a variety of compounds due to its ability to exist in several oxidation states, most commonly +3 and +5.

In biological systems, phosphorus is an essential element for life, playing crucial roles in energy transfer, metabolism, and structural components of cells. Some common examples of phosphorus compounds include:

1. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4): A weak triprotic acid that forms salts called phosphates when combined with metal ions or basic radicals.
2. Phosphates (PO4^3-): The salt or ester form of phosphoric acid, widely found in nature and essential for various biological processes such as bone formation, energy metabolism, and nucleic acid synthesis.
3. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5): A pungent, white crystalline solid used in organic chemistry as a chlorinating agent.
4. Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3): A colorless liquid with a suffocating odor, used in the production of various chemical compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
5. Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4): A calcium salt of phosphoric acid, commonly found in mineral supplements and used as a dietary supplement for animals and humans.
6. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): A high-energy molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells, playing a critical role in metabolic processes such as muscle contraction and biosynthesis.

Phosphorus compounds have numerous applications across various industries, including agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing.

Calcium is an essential mineral that is vital for various physiological processes in the human body. The medical definition of calcium is as follows:

Calcium (Ca2+) is a crucial cation and the most abundant mineral in the human body, with approximately 99% of it found in bones and teeth. It plays a vital role in maintaining structural integrity, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, hormonal secretion, blood coagulation, and enzyme activation.

Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated through the interplay of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D. Dietary calcium intake, absorption, and excretion are also critical factors in maintaining optimal calcium levels in the body.

Hypocalcemia refers to low serum calcium levels, while hypercalcemia indicates high serum calcium levels. Both conditions can have detrimental effects on various organ systems and require medical intervention to correct.

Rare earth metals, also known as rare earth elements, are a group of 17 metallic elements found in the periodic table. They include:

1. Lanthanum (La)
2. Cerium (Ce)
3. Praseodymium (Pr)
4. Neodymium (Nd)
5. Promethium (Pm)
6. Samarium (Sm)
7. Europium (Eu)
8. Gadolinium (Gd)
9. Terbium (Tb)
10. Dysprosium (Dy)
11. Holmium (Ho)
12. Erbium (Er)
13. Thulium (Tm)
14. Ytterbium (Yb)
15. Lutetium (Lu)
1

Phosphates, in a medical context, refer to the salts or esters of phosphoric acid. Phosphates play crucial roles in various biological processes within the human body. They are essential components of bones and teeth, where they combine with calcium to form hydroxyapatite crystals. Phosphates also participate in energy transfer reactions as phosphate groups attached to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, they contribute to buffer systems that help maintain normal pH levels in the body.

Abnormal levels of phosphates in the blood can indicate certain medical conditions. High phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia) may be associated with kidney dysfunction, hyperparathyroidism, or excessive intake of phosphate-containing products. Low phosphate levels (hypophosphatemia) might result from malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or certain diseases affecting the small intestine or kidneys. Both hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia can have significant impacts on various organ systems and may require medical intervention.

Freeze fracturing is not a medical term itself, but it is a technique used in the field of electron microscopy, which is a type of imaging commonly used in scientific research and medical fields to visualize structures at a very small scale, such as cells and cellular components.

In freeze fracturing, a sample is rapidly frozen to preserve its structure and then fractured or split along a plane of weakness, often along the membrane of a cell. The freshly exposed surface is then shadowed with a thin layer of metal, such as platinum or gold, to create a replica of the surface. This replica can then be examined using an electron microscope to reveal details about the structure and organization of the sample at the molecular level.

Freeze fracturing is particularly useful for studying membrane structures, such as lipid bilayers and protein complexes, because it allows researchers to visualize these structures in their native state, without the need for staining or other chemical treatments that can alter or damage the samples.

Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol "Ce" and atomic number 58. It belongs to the lanthanide series in the periodic table and is the second element in this series. Cerium is a solid at room temperature, with a silver-white appearance and has a face-centered cubic crystal structure.

In medicine, cerium oxide nanoparticles have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These nanoparticles are believed to have antioxidant properties that can help protect neurons from oxidative stress and inflammation. However, more research is needed to fully understand the safety and efficacy of cerium-based therapies in medical treatments.

Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is required by every cell in the body for normal functioning. It is a key component of several important biomolecules, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of energy for cells, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are the genetic materials in cells.

Phosphorus is also a major constituent of bones and teeth, where it combines with calcium to provide strength and structure. In addition, phosphorus plays a critical role in various metabolic processes, including energy production, nerve impulse transmission, and pH regulation.

The medical definition of phosphorus refers to the chemical element with the atomic number 15 and the symbol P. It is a highly reactive non-metal that exists in several forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus. In the body, phosphorus is primarily found in the form of organic compounds, such as phospholipids, phosphoproteins, and nucleic acids.

Abnormal levels of phosphorus in the body can lead to various health problems. For example, high levels of phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia) can occur in patients with kidney disease or those who consume large amounts of phosphorus-rich foods, and can contribute to the development of calcification of soft tissues and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, low levels of phosphorus (hypophosphatemia) can occur in patients with malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or alcoholism, and can lead to muscle weakness, bone pain, and an increased risk of infection.

Electron microscopy (EM) is a type of microscopy that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the sample being examined, resulting in much higher magnification and resolution than light microscopy. There are several types of electron microscopy, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and reflection electron microscopy (REM).

In TEM, a beam of electrons is transmitted through a thin slice of the sample, and the electrons that pass through the sample are focused to form an image. This technique can provide detailed information about the internal structure of cells, viruses, and other biological specimens, as well as the composition and structure of materials at the atomic level.

In SEM, a beam of electrons is scanned across the surface of the sample, and the electrons that are scattered back from the surface are detected to create an image. This technique can provide information about the topography and composition of surfaces, as well as the structure of materials at the microscopic level.

REM is a variation of SEM in which the beam of electrons is reflected off the surface of the sample, rather than scattered back from it. This technique can provide information about the surface chemistry and composition of materials.

Electron microscopy has a wide range of applications in biology, medicine, and materials science, including the study of cellular structure and function, disease diagnosis, and the development of new materials and technologies.

Colubridae is a family of snakes that includes a large majority of the world's snake species. It is a diverse group, with members ranging from relatively small and harmless species to large and potentially dangerous ones. Some colubrids have evolved specialized adaptations for specific hunting strategies or defense mechanisms.

Colubridae species are found worldwide, except in Antarctica, and they inhabit various environments such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and wetlands. Many colubrids are constrictors, meaning they kill their prey by wrapping their bodies around it and squeezing until the prey can no longer breathe.

It is worth noting that some colubrid species were previously classified under other families such as Natricidae or Dipsadidae, but recent genetic studies have led to a reclassification of these snakes into Colubridae.

Some examples of colubrids include rat snakes, gopher snakes, racers, whip snakes, and tree snakes. The family also includes some well-known species like the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) and the black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis), which are among the longest and most venomous snakes in the world. However, it is important to note that not all colubrids are venomous, and those that are typically pose little threat to humans due to their mild venom or shy nature.

Cell membrane permeability refers to the ability of various substances, such as molecules and ions, to pass through the cell membrane. The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Its primary function is to protect the cell's internal environment and maintain homeostasis.

The permeability of the cell membrane depends on its structure, which consists of a phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins. The hydrophilic (water-loving) heads of the phospholipids face outward, while the hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails face inward, creating a barrier that is generally impermeable to large, polar, or charged molecules.

However, specific proteins within the membrane, called channels and transporters, allow certain substances to cross the membrane. Channels are protein structures that span the membrane and provide a pore for ions or small uncharged molecules to pass through. Transporters, on the other hand, are proteins that bind to specific molecules and facilitate their movement across the membrane, often using energy in the form of ATP.

The permeability of the cell membrane can be influenced by various factors, such as temperature, pH, and the presence of certain chemicals or drugs. Changes in permeability can have significant consequences for the cell's function and survival, as they can disrupt ion balances, nutrient uptake, waste removal, and signal transduction.

A neurilemma, also known as a schwannoma or neurolemmoma, is a type of benign tumor that arises from the nerve sheath. Specifically, it develops from the Schwann cells, which produce the myelin sheath that insulates and protects the nerves. Neurilemmomas can occur anywhere in the body where there are nerves, but they most commonly affect the cranial nerves, particularly the eighth cranial nerve (the vestibulocochlear nerve). They can also be found along the spine and in the extremities.

Neurilemmomas typically appear as solitary, slow-growing, and well-circumscribed masses that do not usually cause pain or other symptoms unless they compress nearby structures. In some cases, however, they may cause hearing loss, tinnitus, balance problems, or facial nerve paralysis when they affect the cranial nerves. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and the prognosis is generally good, with a low risk of recurrence.

Zeatin is not a medical term per se, but it is a significant compound in the field of plant biology and agriculture. It is a type of cytokinin, which is a class of hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Specifically, zeatin is involved in cell division, differentiation, and delaying senescence (aging) in plants.

In a broader biological context, understanding the functions of phytohormones like zeatin can have implications for agricultural practices and crop management, which may indirectly impact human health through improved food production and quality.

APF, or Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride, is a dental product that contains fluoride ion in the form of sodium fluoride. It is used as a topical agent to prevent tooth decay by promoting remineralization and inhibiting demineralization of tooth enamel. The acidulated phosphate component helps to maintain a stable pH level and enhance fluoride absorption. It is typically applied in a dental office as a part of professional dental care.

... reacts slowly with water to form lanthanum(III) hydroxide, La(OH)3. In dilute sulfuric acid, lanthanum readily forms ... Lanthanum acts at the same modulatory site on the GABA receptor as zinc, a known negative allosteric modulator. The lanthanum ... Lanthanum has a low to moderate level of toxicity and should be handled with care. The injection of lanthanum solutions ... Small amounts of lanthanum are present in many pool products to remove the phosphates that feed algae. Lanthanum oxide additive ...
... is La(OH) 3, a hydroxide of the rare-earth element lanthanum. Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding ... to lanthanum oxide. La2O3 + 3 H2O → 2 La(OH)3 Lanthanum hydroxide does not react much with alkaline substances, however is ... La2O3 Lanthanum hydroxide crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system. Each lanthanum ion in the crystal structure is ... External MSDS 1 External MSDS 2 Lanthanum Oxide MSDS v t e (Articles without InChI source, Articles without EBI source, ...
... is a perovskite with chemical formula LaCoO3. As a solid, the structure LaCoO3, will exist as rhombohedral ... one such commonly utilized material is lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite otherwise known as LSCF. Kleveland, Kjersti (2001). " ... Lanthanum compounds, Cobalt(III) compounds, Perovskites, Oxides). ...
Replacement of some lanthanum by barium gives the quaternary phase CuLa1.85Ba0.15O4, called lanthanum barium copper oxide. That ... Lanthanum cuprate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula CuLa2O4. The name implies that the compound ... It is prepared by high temperature reaction of lanthanum oxide and copper(II) oxide follow by annealing under oxygen. The ... consists of a cuprate (CuOn]2n-) salt of lanthanum (La3+). In fact it is a highly covalent solid. ...
"Lanthanum Nickel Alloy". American Elements. Retrieved 2023-03-19. "Lanthanum;nickel". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 李跃中主编 ( ... 191), with lanthanum atom is located at coordinate origin 1a (0,0,0), two nickel atoms are located at 2c (1/ 3,2/3,0) and (2/3, ... LaNi5 is a hexagonal intermetallic compound composed of rare earth element lanthanum and transition metal nickel. It presents a ...
Lanthanum(III) oxyfluoride is an inorganic compound of lanthanum metal, fluorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula LaOF. ... Hydrolysis of lanthanum fluoride by superheated steam: 2LaF3 + H2O → LaOF + 2HF Decomposition of lanthanum fluoride semihydrate ... 2HF Sintering lanthanum oxide with lanthanum fluoride in vacuum: La2O3 + LaF3 → 3LaOF The compound forms colorless crystals. ... Jacob, Kallarackel T.; Saji, Viswanathan S.; Waseda, Yoshio (July 2006). "Lanthanum Oxyfluoride: Structure, Stability, and ...
... is an metal-organic compound with the chemical formula C 36H 72LaO 6. The compound is classified as a ... "Laser spectroscopy and hole burning of europium laurate and europium-doped lanthanum laurate". Journal of Luminescence. 82 (1 ... Lanthanum compounds, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...
... (La 2Hf 2O 7) or lanthanum hafnium oxide is a mixed oxide of lanthanum and hafnium. Lanthanum hafnate is a ... Eagleman, Yetta; Weber, Marvin; Derenzo, Stephen (May 2013). "Luminescence study of oxygen vacancies in lanthanum hafnium oxide ... It may also be made by precipitating hafnium and lanthanum hydroxides from solution and then calcinating in air at 600-1,400 °C ... "Decomposition of lanthanum hafnate at high pressures". Physical Review B. 77 (21): 214105. Bibcode:2008PhRvB..77u4105G. doi: ...
C lanthanum acetate is produced. It can be used to prepare NaLaS2, La2Zr2O7 and other materials. "Lanthanum(3+);pentane-2,4- ... "Characterization of lanthanum oxide formed as a final decomposition product of lanthanum acetylacetonate: thermoanalytical, ... Lanthanum acetylacetonate is a coordination compound with the chemical formula La(C5H7O2)3, or abbreviated as La(acac)3. Its ... Gavrilenko, V. V.; Chekulaeva, L. A.; Savitskaya, I. A.; Garbuzova, I. A. Synthesis of yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, ...
... is a refractory ionic compound of lanthanum and fluorine. The chemical formula is LaF 3. Bonding is ionic ... "Safety Data Sheet: Lanthanum(III) fluoride". Thermo Fisher Scientific. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2018. Cotton, Simon ... ISBN 1-4398-5511-0. Zalkin, A.; Templeton, D. H. (1985). "Refinement of the trigonal crystal structure of lanthanum trifluoride ... Lanthanum compounds, Fluorides, Lanthanide halides, Crystal structure types, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...
... has also shown superconductive properties when converted into a layered lanthanum carbide halide La2C2X2 (X= ... Lanthanum carbide (LaC2) is a chemical compound. It is being studied in relation to the manufacture of certain types of ... In La@C72, the lanthanum appears to stabilize the C72 carbon cage. A 1998 study by Stevenson et al. verified the presence of La ... LaC2 can be prepared by reacting lanthanum oxide, La2O3, with carbon in an electric furnace, or by melting pellets of the ...
... is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of ... "Lanthanum decahydride". American Chemical Society. Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A ... A similar compound lanthanum boron octahydride was computationally predicted to be a superconductor at 126 K with a pressure of ... The cubic form has each lanthanum atom surrounded by 32 hydrogen atoms, which form the vertices of an 18 faced shape called a ...
... can be obtained from the reduction of lanthanum(III) iodide with lanthanum metal under a vacuum at 800 to ... Lanthanum diiodide is an iodide of lanthanum, with the chemical formula of LaI2. It is an electride, actually having a chemical ... Lanthanum diiodide is a blue-black solid with metallic lustre, which is easily hydrolyzed into the iodide oxide. It has a MoSi2 ... Lanthanum compounds, Iodides, Electrides, Substances discovered in the 1960s). ...
... is most useful as a precursor to other lanthanum compounds. Neither the oxide nor any of the derived materials ... Lanthanum oxide can crystallize in at least three polymorphs. Hexagonal La2O3 has been produced by spray pyrolysis of lanthanum ... Lanthanum(III) oxide, also known as lanthana, chemical formula La2O3, is an inorganic compound containing the rare earth ... La2O3 absorbs moisture from air, converts to lanthanum hydroxide. Lanthanum oxide has p-type semiconducting properties and a ...
... may refer to: Lanthanum diiodide, LaI2 Lanthanum(III) iodide (lanthanum triiodide), LaI3 This set index ...
... (LaB6, also called lanthanum boride and LaB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of lanthanum. It is a ... Lanthanum hexaboride has a hardness of ≈ 9.5, similar to B4C and between corundum (Al2O3) and diamond on the low and high ends ... Hexaborides, such as lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) and cerium hexaboride (CeB6), have low work functions, around 2.5 eV. They are ... Lanthanum hexaboride slowly evaporates from the heated cathodes and forms deposits on the Wehnelt cylinders and apertures. LaB6 ...
"Lanthanum(III) acetate hydrate , Lanthanum Triacetate Hydrate , C6H11LaO7". Ereztech. Retrieved 20 March 2023. "15299 Lanthanum ... 3H2O Lanthanum(III) acetate forms colorless crystals. Lanthanum acetate dissolves in water. Lanthanum acetate forms hydrates of ... Lanthanum acetate is an inorganic compound, a salt of lanthanum with acetic acid with the chemical formula La(CH3COO)3. ... Lanthanum acetate is used in specialty glass manufacturing and in water treatment. Also, it is used to produce porous lanthanum ...
... , La2(CO3)3, is the salt formed by lanthanum(III) cations and carbonate anions. It is an ore of lanthanum ... Lanthanum carbonate is used as a starting material in lanthanum chemistry, particularly in forming mixed oxides, for example ... Lanthanum carbonate is used in medicine as a phosphate binder. As a medication it is sold under the trade name Fosrenol by the ... Lanthanum carbonate is also used for the tinting of glass,[citation needed] for water treatment, and as a catalyst for ...
... is an inorganic compound, a salt of lanthanum and hydrogen sulfide acid, with the formula La 2O 2S. ... "CAS 12031-43-5 Lanthanum oxide sulfide(La2O2S) - Alfa Chemistry". Alfa Chemistry. Retrieved 21 March 2023. "Lanthanum ... Calcination of lanthanum(III) sulfate in oxygen current at 750 °C: La2(SO4)3 + O2 → La2O3·SO3 + 2SO3 The resulting product is ... Pitha, John J.; Smith, Arthur L.; Ward, Roland (1947). "The Preparation of Lanthanum Oxysulfide and its Properties as a Base ...
Thin films of lanthanum aluminate were considered as candidate materials for high-k dielectrics in the early-mid 2000s. Despite ... Lanthanum aluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula LaAlO3, often abbreviated as LAO. It is an optically transparent ... Single crystals of lanthanum aluminate are commercially available as a substrate for the epitaxial growth of perovskites, and ... LAO-STO interfaces The most important and common use for epitaxial LAO is at the lanthanum aluminate-strontium titanate ...
... is a metal-organic compound, a salt of lanthanum and stearic acid with the chemical formula C 54H 108LaO 6. ... Lanthanum stearate is mainly used as a nucleating agent for plastics degradation and heat stabilizer for PVC. Fang, Long; Song ... "Lanthanum Stearate-BEYONDCHEM". beyondchem.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2023. v t e ( ... Guo, Xiaojing; Zhao, Shicheng; Xin, Zhong (September 2009). "Influence of lanthanum stearate on the crystallization behavior of ...
These families include lanthanum strontium manganite, lanthanum calcium manganite and others. In lanthanum manganite, both the ... Lanthanum manganite is an inorganic compound with the formula LaMnO3, often abbreviated as LMO. Lanthanum manganite is formed ... LaMnO3 often has lanthanum vacancies as evidenced by neutron scattering. For this reason, this material is usually referred as ... Lanthanum manganite is an electrical insulator and an A-type antiferromagnet. It is the parent compound of several important ...
... can be made by heating lanthanum metal with excess phosphorus in a vacuum: 4 La + P4 → 4 LaP Lanthanum ... Lanthanum phosphide reacts with water, releasing highly toxic phosphine gas: LaP + 3H2O → La(OH)3 + PH3 Lanthanum phosphide ... Lanthanum phosphide is an inorganic compound of lanthanum and phosphorus with the chemical formula LaP. ... In addition to the simple phosphide, LaP, lanthanum and phosphorus can also form phosphorus-rich compounds such as LaP5 and ...
April 1931). "THE SOLUBILITIES OF LANTHANUM OXALATE AND OF LANTHANUM HYDROXIDE IN WATER. THE MOBILITY OF THE LANTHANUM ION AT ... Lanthanum oxalate is an inorganic compound, a salt of lanthanum metal and oxalic acid with the chemical formula La 2(C 2O 4) 3 ... "Lanthanum(III) oxalate hydrate". Sigma Aldrich. Retrieved 17 March 2023. "Lanthanum Oxalate Hydrate". Retrieved 17 March 2023. ... "Lanthanum oxalate". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 17 March 2023. Kolthoff, I. M.; Elmquist, Ruth. ( ...
... is a solid inorganic compound of lanthanum, ytterbium and oxygen with the chemical formula of LaYbO3 ... Lanthanum compounds, Ceramic materials, Perovskites, Ytterbium compounds, Oxides). ...
Lanthanum nitrate is prepared by reacting lanthanum oxide with nitric acid which creates lanthanum(III) nitrate and water. La 2 ... Lanthanum(III) nitrate is a water soluble salt of lanthanum with the chemical formula La(NO 3) 3. The compound decomposes at ... It is a starting chemical for the electrochemical synthesis of lanthanum permanganate and to make lanthanum oxysulfide. It is ... "lanthanum nitrate". ChemSpider. Retrieved 26 February 2021. Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State ...
... , Lanthanum, Lists of isotopes by element). ... The isotopes of lanthanum range in atomic weight from 115.96 u ... Naturally occurring lanthanum (57La) is composed of one stable (139La) and one radioactive (138La) isotope, with the stable ... "Standard Atomic Weights: Lanthanum". CIAAW. 2005. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05- ...
In this material, lanthanum occupied the A-sites, gallium the B, C and half of D-sites, and, silicon the other half of D-sites ... Lanthanum gallium silicate (referred to as LGS in this article), also known as langasite, has a chemical formula of the form ... Ceramic lanthanum gallium tantalum oxide, langatite (CAS RN 83381-05-9) La6Ga11TaO28 (i.e., La3Ga5.5Ta00.5O14) Belokoneva, E.L ... Lanthanum compounds, Gallium compounds, Silicates, Piezoelectric materials, Ceramic materials). ...
In other words, the material consists of lanthanum manganite with some of the lanthanum atoms substitutionally doped with ... Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM or LSMO) is an oxide ceramic material with the general formula La1−xSrxMnO3, where x ... In the crystal, the 'A' sites are occupied by lanthanum and strontium atoms, and the 'B' sites are occupied by the smaller ... The strontium (valence 2+) doping on lanthanum (valence 3+) introduces extra holes in the valence band and thus increases ...
... (LaBr3) is an inorganic halide salt of lanthanum. When pure, it is a colorless white powder. The single ... It is often used as a source of lanthanum in chemical synthesis and as a scintillation material in certain applications. The ... Lanthanum compounds, Bromides, Phosphors and scintillators, Lanthanide halides, Ionising radiation detectors). ... scintillator material cerium activated lanthanum bromide (LaBr3:Ce) was first produced in 2001. LaBr3:Ce-based radiation ...
Lanthanum reacts slowly with water to form lanthanum(III) hydroxide, La(OH)3. In dilute sulfuric acid, lanthanum readily forms ... Lanthanum acts at the same modulatory site on the GABA receptor as zinc, a known negative allosteric modulator. The lanthanum ... Lanthanum has a low to moderate level of toxicity and should be handled with care. The injection of lanthanum solutions ... Small amounts of lanthanum are present in many pool products to remove the phosphates that feed algae. Lanthanum oxide additive ...
Lanthanum: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Do not mix lanthanum oral powder with a liquid.. Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of lanthanum and gradually ... Before taking lanthanum,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to lanthanum, any other medications, or any of ... Lanthanum comes as a chewable tablet and as an oral powder to take by mouth. It is usually taken with or immediately after food ...
Lanthanum is a chemical element, having the chemical symbol La. Its atomic number (the number of protons) is 57. It has a ... Lanthanum is considered to be a member of the "Transition metal" class of elements. At a pressure of 101.325 kPa, it has a ... A white, soft element, lanthanum is classified in a number of different "categories" of elements. In addition to being a ... Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Lanthanum&oldid=735716" ...
... doped lanthanum calcium borate (Sm,sub,,i,x,/i,,/sub,La,sub,2−,i,x,/i,,/sub,CaB,sub,10,/sub,O,sub,19,/sub,, SLCB, ,svg xmlns: ... Single-phased Sm3+ doped lanthanum calcium borate (SmxLa2−xCaB10O19, SLCB, ) polycrystalline red phosphor was prepared by solid ... Rare Earth Doped Lanthanum Calcium Borate Polycrystalline Red Phosphors. H. H. Xiong. ,1C. Zhu. ,1X. Zhao. ,2Z. Q. Wang. ,1and ... activated lanthanum calcium borate phosphor (SmxLa2−xCaB10O19, SLCB) was prepared by the solid-state reaction technique, and an ...
Lanthanum(II,III) Sulfide La3S4 bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. Free samples program. ... Lanthanum. 57 La 138.905470000 Lanthanum See more Lanthanum products. Lanthanum (atomic symbol: La, atomic number: 57) is a ... The lanthanum atom has a radius of 187 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 240 pm. Lanthanum was first discovered by Carl Mosander ... Lanthanum is found in minerals such as monazite and bastnasite. The name lanthanum originates from the Greek word Lanthaneia, ...
Lanthanum Carbonate) drug information. Find its price or cost, dose, when to use, how to use, side effects, adverse effects, ... Lanthonate (250mg) (Lanthanum Carbonate) Drug Price and Information. Information Checked by Dr. M. Sree Mohana Preetha, Pharm D ... Lanthanum Carbonate (Lanthonate (250mg)) is a phosphate binder, prescribed to reduce serum phosphate in patients with end stage ...
Duffield, R B. METATHESIS OF PLUTONIUM CARRIER LANTHANUM FLUORIDE PRECIPITATE WITH AN ALKALI. United States: N. p., 1960. Web. ... Duffield, R B. METATHESIS OF PLUTONIUM CARRIER LANTHANUM FLUORIDE PRECIPITATE WITH AN ALKALI. United States. ... Duffield, R B. Fri . "METATHESIS OF PLUTONIUM CARRIER LANTHANUM FLUORIDE PRECIPITATE WITH AN ALKALI". United States. ... title = {METATHESIS OF PLUTONIUM CARRIER LANTHANUM FLUORIDE PRECIPITATE WITH AN ALKALI},. author = {Duffield, R B},. ...
Lanthanum Granules La bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. Free samples program. Term ... Lanthanum. 57 La 138.905470000 Lanthanum See more Lanthanum products. Lanthanum (atomic symbol: La, atomic number: 57) is a ... The lanthanum atom has a radius of 187 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 240 pm. Lanthanum was first discovered by Carl Mosander ... About Lanthanum Granules. American Elements specializes in producing high purity Lanthanum Granules in ultra high purity for ...
Detailed decay information for the isotope lanthanum-121 including decay chains and daughter products. ... Lanthanum Pictures Page. Al. Si. P. S. Cl. Ar. K. Ca. Lanthanum Technical Data. Sc. Ti. V. Cr. Mn. Fe. Co. Ni. Cu. Zn. Ga. Ge. ... Isotopes of Lanthanum (click to see decay chain):. 117La 118La 119La 120La 121La 122La 123La 124La 125La 126La 127La 128La 129 ... Lanthanum Main Page. Black White Gray. B. C. N. O. F. Ne. ...
ClinicalAdvisor.com is for nurse practitioners and physician assistants, offering the latest information on diagnosing, treating, managing, and preventing medical conditions typically seen in the office-based primary-care setting. Find all of the news and departments you love from the print issue archived for easy online access, along with special Web-only content. ...
The Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (LSM) Cathode Ink is made using a high-quality LSM powder to provide an excellent cathode ink ... Home » Fuel Cell Components » Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Components » Catalyst Inks » Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Cathode Ink ( ...
Modern versions instead use a mixture of rare earth salts including lanthanum oxide.. This photograph, and the 3D rotation ...
EFFECT OF LANTHANUM ON GRAIN REFINEMENT OF CASTING ALUMINUM-COPPER ALLOY Abstract. The influence of lanthanum (La) addition on ...
The material was a lanthanum hydride (LaH10+δ), a compound of atoms of the metal lanthanum with hydrogen atoms. The report on ... It turned out that lanthanum hydrides with the same arrangement of lanthanum atoms differ considerably in their hydrogen ... In other words, the same framework of lanthanum atoms can be linked to different numbers of hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms ... h.c. Leonid Dubrovinsky from BGI adds: „Our findings on lanthanum hydrides firmly remind us that in the search for optimal ...
Lanthanum oxidizes in air with the corroded layers spalling off to expose new surfaces. The trivalent element is very reactive ... Lanthanum is a malleable metal that occurs naturally in the minerals monazite and bastnasite. First identified by Mosander in ... Lanthanum is used in electronic devices, and for rocket propellants, and x-ray screen phosphors. ... Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Lanthanum&oldid=31693" ...
Chemistry: (Ce, La, Y)CO3F , Cerium Lanthanum Yttrium Carbonate Fluoride. ... Bastnasite has cerium, lanthanum and yttrium in its generalized formula but officially the mineral is divided into three ...
Barium calcium copper lanthanum oxide (0 suppliers). 116416-52-5. Barium calcium copper lanthanum platinum oxide (1 supplier). ... Barium calcium copper lanthanum potassium oxide (0 suppliers). 142587-08-4. Barium calcium copper lanthanum yttrium oxide (0 ... Barium cadmium copper lanthanum oxide (0 suppliers). 161478-28-0. Barium cadmium copper yttrium oxide (0 suppliers). 117188-06- ... Barium calcium chromium lanthanum strontium oxide (0 suppliers). 61512-30-9. Barium calcium cobalt copper yttrium oxide (0 ...
Uses: As an ore of rare earth metals especially thorium, cerium and Lanthanum, radioactive dating uses and as mineral specimens ... Chemistry: (Ce, La, Th, Nd, Y)PO4, Cerium Lanthanum Thorium Neodymium Yttrium Phosphate. ... Monazite is a primary ore of several rare earth metals most notably thorium, cerium and lanthanum. All these metals have ... is greatly enriched in lanthanum, etc. Monazite-(Ce) is not only enriched in cerium it is also by far the most common of the ...
Lanthanum sulfate nonahydrate , H18La2O21S3 , CID 71309985 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, ...
Abstract: J41.00009 : Magneto-thermoelectric effect in lanthanum orthoferrite with Pt overlayer*. Abstract ... We have observed nontrivial magneto-thermoelectric effects in lanthanum orthoferrite (LaFeO3) perovskite single crystals with ...
In addition to Lanthanum, ESPI offers most rare earth metals in many forms. If you have a specific need, please contact our ... Corrodes in moist air, soluble in acids, decomposes in water to lanthanum hydroxide and hydrogen. Hazards: Flammable solid. May ...
These techniques will be used to explore the chemical space of lanthanum-based oxides with the goal of undestanding and ... By exploring the chemical space of lanthanum-based oxides, the project will design materials with enhanced performances for use ... Machine learning methods will be validated in three main steps: (1) deriving structure-property relationships in lanthanum- ... Improved oxygen transport properties and resistance to the high operating temperatures render lanthanum-based oxide materials ...
Lanthanum Quotes (2 quotes) O. Hahn and F. Strassmann have discovered a new type of nuclear reaction, the splitting into two ... And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium,. And gold and protactinium and indium and gallium,. And iodine and thorium ... Thus they demonstrated the production of nuclei of barium, lanthanum, strontium, yttrium, and, more recently, of xenon and ... Home , Category Index for Science Quotations , Category Index L , Category: Lanthanum. ...
The best Lanthanum oxide (CAS 1312-81-8) prices and the most comprehensive supplier from Guidechem. Filter and make your choice ... Lanthanum oxide; Lanthanum sesquioxide;Lanthanum trioxide; Lanthanum(3+) oxide; Lanthanum(III) oxide ... Lanthanum oxide *Description:Name: Lanthanum oxide Synonyms: Lanthanum (III) oxide (99.9% La) (REO); Lanthanum (III) oxide ( ... 12031-47-9 LANTHANUM TITANIUM OXIDE 13875-40-6 lanthanum bromide oxide 12031-41-3 LANTHANUM NICKEL OXIDE 61115-22-8 Lanthanum ...
An optical sensor membrane is described for the determination of lanthanum(III) ions based on the immobilization of 4- ... The sensing membrane in contact with lanthanum ions at pH 4.0 changes color from white-yellow to orange (323 to 433 nm). Under ... The selectivity of the probe towards lanthanum ions was found to be excellent. The sensor was successfully applied to the ... Selective lanthanum ions optical sensor based on covalent immobilization of 4-hydroxysalophen on a hydrolyzed ...
GFS Chemicals is a leading supplier of Lanthanum Nitrate Hexahydrate, CAS 10277-43-7, S11. GFS has the expertise to handle your ...
Handla Lanthanum Mylan, tuggtablett 1000 mg Medartuum AB, 1 x 6 x 15 styck på Apoteket.se för 2736,81. Varan finns i lager för ...
Koch S, Hendriksen PV, Jacobsen T, Bay L. Electrical behaviour of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite interfaces. Solid State ... Koch, S, Hendriksen, PV, Jacobsen, T & Bay, L 2005, Electrical behaviour of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite interfaces, ... Electrical behaviour of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite interfaces. / Koch, Søren; Hendriksen, P.V.; Jacobsen, Torben et al ... Koch, S., Hendriksen, P. V., Jacobsen, T., & Bay, L. (2005). Electrical behaviour of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite ...
Contrasting Actions of Lanthanum on Different Recombinant γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Isoforms Expressed in L929 Fibroblasts. ... Contrasting Actions of Lanthanum on Different Recombinant γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Isoforms Expressed in L929 Fibroblasts. ... Contrasting Actions of Lanthanum on Different Recombinant γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Isoforms Expressed in L929 Fibroblasts. ... Contrasting Actions of Lanthanum on Different Recombinant γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Isoforms Expressed in L929 Fibroblasts ...
... lanthanum magnesium aluminate (LMA). In these experiments, samples of LMA were grown by the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) ...
  • Hence, it is the most reactive among them, tarnishing quite rapidly in air, turning completely dark after several hours and can readily burn to form lanthanum(III) oxide, La2O3, which is almost as basic as calcium oxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • A centimeter-sized sample of lanthanum will corrode completely in a year as its oxide spalls off like iron rust, instead of forming a protective oxide coating like aluminium, scandium, yttrium, and lutetium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Modern versions instead use a mixture of rare earth salts including lanthanum oxide. (theodoregray.com)
  • Improved oxygen transport properties and resistance to the high operating temperatures render lanthanum-based oxide materials suitable for use in the cathodes of such type of fuel cells. (europa.eu)
  • Promising cathode materials for μSOFCs are perovskite lanthanum-based oxide materials which have improved oxygen transport properties and resistance to the high operating temperatures. (europa.eu)
  • Lanthanum Oxide is also used as a grain growth additive during the liquid phase sintering of Silicon Nitride and Zirconium Diboride. (guidechem.com)
  • How does the addition of Lanthanum oxide affect the corrosion resistance of electrode materials in electroforming? (guidechem.com)
  • Top quality Lanthanum Oxide 99.995%min. (guidechem.com)
  • Lanthanum Oxide 99.995%mi. (guidechem.com)
  • Amitychem Corporation manufacture and supply Lanthanum oxide with with high quality, low price and bulk supply. (guidechem.com)
  • Molybdenum Lanthanum (Mo-La) is an alloy made by adding Lanthanum Oxide into molybdenum. (moly-china.com)
  • High Purity shiny oxide free sample of Lanthanum metal 0.5 grams in labeled glass. (novaelements.com)
  • This sample of Lanthanum will shine forever, it is completely oxide free. (novaelements.com)
  • Background: Although classified as metal oxides, cobalt monoxide (CoO) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticle s, as representative transition and rare earth oxides, exhibit distinct material properties that may result in different hazardous potential in the lung. (cdc.gov)
  • Bastnasite has cerium, lanthanum and yttrium in its generalized formula but officially the mineral is divided into three minerals based on the predominant rare earth element. (galleries.com)
  • Trivalent cations such as yttrium and lanthanum induce RC of acidic proteins and their mechanisms have been studied extensively. (lu.se)
  • Amazing Lanthanum metal standard density cube 10x10x10mm, 99.99% pure. (novaelements.com)
  • Lanthanum is silvery-white, malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. (jrank.org)
  • Lanthanum is a malleable metal that occurs naturally in the minerals monazite and bastnasite. (mfa.org)
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile. (comparenature.com)
  • Lanthanum usually occurs together with cerium and the other rare earth elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Uses: As an ore of rare earth metals especially thorium, cerium and Lanthanum, radioactive dating uses and as mineral specimens. (galleries.com)
  • Monazite is a primary ore of several rare earth metals most notably thorium, cerium and lanthanum. (galleries.com)
  • The Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (LSM) Cathode Ink is made using a high-quality LSM powder to provide an excellent cathode ink. (fuelcellstore.com)
  • The contact resistance of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) contact pairs is investigated by polarisation analysis at different temperatures and atmospheres. (dtu.dk)
  • abstract = "The contact resistance of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) contact pairs is investigated by polarisation analysis at different temperatures and atmospheres.The ceramic contacts have a high contact resistance, and strongly nonlinear current-voltage behaviour is observed at low temperatures. (dtu.dk)
  • It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. (wikipedia.org)
  • High Purity Lanthanum metal sample of 1 gram in labeled glass vial under mineral oil. (novaelements.com)
  • High Purity Lanthanum metal sample of 1.5 grams in argon sealed ampoule and labeled glass vial of 60mm. (novaelements.com)
  • High Purity Lanthanum metal sample of 10 grams in argon sealed ampoule. (novaelements.com)
  • In minerals such as monazite and bastnäsite, lanthanum composes about a quarter of the lanthanide content. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum is found in minerals such as monazite and bastnasite. (americanelements.com)
  • Slowly decomposes in water to form lanthanum hydroxide and hydrogen. (mfa.org)
  • Corrodes in moist air, soluble in acids, decomposes in water to lanthanum hydroxide and hydrogen. (espimetals.com)
  • if you are taking antacids containing calcium, aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta, Tums, others) or a thyroid medication such as levothyroxine (Levo-T, Synthroid, Tirosint, others), take them at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after lanthanum. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Molybdenum-lanthanum alloy is an ideal material for applications requiring dimensional stability and strength at temperatures above the capabilities of either pure Molybdenum or TZM alloy. (moly-china.com)
  • Molybdenum-lanthanum alloy is often used in illumination, electric vacuum device, tube component in cathode-ray pipe, power semiconductor device, internal part in light bulbs, etc. (moly-china.com)
  • Molybdenum Lanthanum has the properties of higher temperature of recrystallization, better ductility, and excellent wear-resistant. (moly-china.com)
  • We manufacture our molybdenum Lanthanum products according to your engineered drawing. (moly-china.com)
  • It is extracted from those minerals by a process of such complexity that pure lanthanum metal was not isolated until 1923. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pure Lanthanum metal for element collection. (novaelements.com)
  • Pure Lanthanum metal for element collection, display and laboratory use. (novaelements.com)
  • The radioactive lanthanum nuclides are currently not used for technical or medical purposes. (chemlin.org)
  • Funded by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions programme, the SmartOptoelectronics project will test machine learning methods to study the relationship between the structural properties and the electrochemical performance of perovskite lanthanum-based oxides based on high-throughput experimental data. (europa.eu)
  • By exploring the chemical space of lanthanum-based oxides, the project will design materials with enhanced performances for use in μSOFCs. (europa.eu)
  • The SmartOptoelectronics project will develop machine learning (ML) methods to establish trends between the structural properties and the electrochemical performance of perovskite lanthanum-based oxides based on high-throughput experimental data. (europa.eu)
  • These techniques will be used to explore the chemical space of lanthanum-based oxides with the goal of undestanding and designing lanthanum-based materials with enhanced performances for μSOFC applications. (europa.eu)
  • Lanthanum carbonate is used as a phosphate binder in cases of high levels of phosphate in the blood seen with kidney failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum Carbonate (Lanthonate (250mg)) is a phosphate binder, prescribed to reduce serum phosphate in patients with end stage renal disease. (medindia.net)
  • so that monazite-(La) is greatly enriched in lanthanum, etc. (galleries.com)
  • We have observed nontrivial magneto-thermoelectric effects in lanthanum orthoferrite (LaFeO 3 ) perovskite single crystals with Pt overlayer at room temperature. (aps.org)
  • Lanthanum compounds have numerous applications as catalysts, additives in glass, carbon arc lamps for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, gas tungsten arc welding electrodes, and other things. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some lanthanum(II) compounds are also known, but they are usually much less stable. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum reacts with the halogens at room temperature to form the trihalides, and upon warming will form binary compounds with the nonmetals nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, selenium, silicon and arsenic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum and its compounds are used in carbon lighting applications, special glasses, hydrogen sponge alloys, and misch metal. (jrank.org)
  • An international research team led by scientists from the University of Bayreuth now reports in "Nature Communications" on new compounds of lanthanum and hydrogen synthesized under high pressures. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • These considerations have now been confirmed: A total of seven lanthanum hydrides were produced in the high-pressure laboratory of the Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry & Geophysics (BGI): the two already known compounds LaH 10+δ and La H3 , and the previously unknown lanthanum hydrides LaH ~4 , LaH 4+δ , La4H 23 , LaH 6+δ , and LaH 9+δ . (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • All these compounds were formed from samples containing lanthanum and paraffin which is a hydrogen-rich mixture of saturated hydrocarbon. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • In cooperation with the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg and the Center for Advanced Radiation Sources in Chicago, it was possible to identify the structures of the new compounds of lanthanum and hydrogen. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • In nature, Lanthanum always occurs in compounds. (novaelements.com)
  • Lanthanum salts are used in optical lenses, alloys for special applications and in some batteries. (novaelements.com)
  • The scientists have shown that a similar structural diversity can also exist in hydrides that contain other metals from the rare earth group instead of lanthanum. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. (wikipedia.org)
  • As expected from periodic trends, lanthanum has the largest atomic radius of the lanthanides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum (atomic symbol: La, atomic number: 57) is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 138.90547. (americanelements.com)
  • If counted among them, Lanthanum metal is the most reactive of those and the one with the highest atomic diameter. (novaelements.com)
  • Although it is classified as a rare earth element, lanthanum is the 28th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, almost three times as abundant as lead. (wikipedia.org)
  • The influence of lanthanum (La) addition on the solidification structure of a casting Al-Cu alloy has been studied. (sintef.no)
  • 2023. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/110920/all/lanthanum. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The material was a lanthanum hydride (LaH 10+δ ), a compound of atoms of the metal lanthanum with hydrogen atoms. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • It turned out that lanthanum hydrides with the same arrangement of lanthanum atoms differ considerably in their hydrogen content. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • In other words, the same framework of lanthanum atoms can be linked to different numbers of hydrogen atoms. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • These surprising findings refute a hypothesis that has played a central role in research into superconducting materials up to now: namely, the prejudice that a certain number and arrangement of lanthanum atoms only allows only for one specific configuration of hydrogen atoms. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Lanthanum metal easily reacts with air forming a black patin surface. (novaelements.com)
  • We report the use of a supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation methodology to prepare large surface area lanthanum based perovskites, making the deposition of 1 wt% AuPt nanoparticles feasible. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • A Novel Method for Detecting Lanthanum Phosphate Deposition in the Gastroduodenal Mucosa Using Fluorescence Microscopy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diagnostic utility of fluorescence microscopy for lanthanum phosphate deposition in the gastrointestinal mucosa has not been reported previously. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we comparatively assessed the light , electron , and fluorescence microscopy features of gastroduodenal lanthanum phosphate deposition in 10 patients with deposits in the stomach and 5 patients with deposits in the duodenum . (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, fluorescence microscopy with a green filter is useful in determining the degree and extent of lanthanum deposition in the gastroduodenal mucosa . (bvsalud.org)
  • The difference between each isotope of lanthanum is based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus. (chemlin.org)
  • The lanthanides become harder as the series is traversed: as expected, lanthanum is a soft metal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum is considered to be a member of the "Transition metal" class of elements. (citizendium.org)
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly. (comparenature.com)
  • Lanthanum metal is a white-silvery material at standard pressure and temperature. (novaelements.com)
  • Lanthanum metal is the prototype for the lanthanides (elements from 58 to 71). (novaelements.com)
  • Pure argon sealed and shiny Lanthanum metal for element collection. (novaelements.com)
  • 6 grams (with a tolerance of ± 0.1gram), which is the theoretical density of the Lanthanum metal itself. (novaelements.com)
  • Among the lanthanides, lanthanum is exceptional as it has no 4f electrons as a single gas-phase atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the melting points of the trivalent lanthanides (all but europium and ytterbium) are related to the extent of hybridisation of the 6s, 5d, and 4f electrons (lowering with increasing 4f involvement), and lanthanum has the second-lowest melting point among them: 920 °C. (Europium and ytterbium have lower melting points because they delocalise about two electrons per atom rather than three. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum is the least volatile of the lanthanides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like most of the lanthanides, lanthanum has a hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are teased, mocked and bullied (Lanthanum) and the only means of survival is to put on a poker face and don't show the hurt of the inner world (Lanthanides). (qjure.com)
  • Lanthanum oxidizes in air with the corroded layers spalling off to expose new surfaces. (mfa.org)
  • Lanthanum comes as a chewable tablet and as an oral powder to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Do not mix lanthanum oral powder with a liquid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to lanthanum, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in lanthanum chewable tablets or oral powder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In chemical reactions, lanthanum almost always gives up these three valence electrons from the 5d and 6s subshells to form the +3 oxidation state, achieving the stable configuration of the preceding noble gas xenon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lanthanum is the first element in the rare earth or lanthanide series. (americanelements.com)
  • The conclusion of a series of recent reports highlights the significant neurotoxic effects that rare earth elements, such as lanthanum (La), can have during neurodevelopment. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The 57 electrons of a lanthanum atom are arranged in the configuration [Xe]5d16s2, with three valence electrons outside the noble gas core. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lanthanum atom has a radius of 187 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 240 pm. (americanelements.com)
  • The objective of this research was to study the synthesis, crystal growth, and optical characterization of a material recently discovered for its potentially useful optical properties: lanthanum magnesium aluminate (LMA). (arizona.edu)
  • List, data and properties of all known isotopes of Lanthanum. (chemlin.org)
  • The two following tables list the most important data and properties of the Lanthanum isotopes. (chemlin.org)
  • Lanthanum Monoxide (LaO) produces strong absorption bands in some stellar spectra. (wikipedia.org)
  • The surprising structural analyses of these lanthanum hydrides will be able to further advance the search for new superconductors. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Lanthanum is the first element and prototype of the lanthanide series. (wikipedia.org)
  • A white, soft element, lanthanum is classified in a number of different "categories" of elements. (citizendium.org)
  • The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of La(III) in water, industrial waste water, and in NIST-615 (glass matrix) and NIST-3127a (lanthanum solution) samples with satisfactory results. (springer.com)
  • This is a UWA eyepiece design that has a long eye relief of 20mm and promises to deliver false color free images by utilizing Lanthanum glass. (avt-astro.com)