AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Lactic AcidLactobacillusLactobacillaceaeLactobacillalesLeuconostocPediococcusFermentationLactatesLactobacillus plantarumLactococcusLactococcus lactisFood MicrobiologyLactobacillus acidophilusLactobacillus delbrueckiiLactobacillus brevisHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationStreptococcus thermophilusLactobacillus caseiBifidobacteriumStreptococcaceaeProbioticsCheeseBacteriocinsBreadAcetic AcidLactobacillus fermentumAntibiosisAcidosis, LacticRNA, Ribosomal, 16SCultured Milk ProductsFood PreservationStreptococcusIndustrial MicrobiologyWeissellaFood PreservativesCulture MediaWineL-Lactate DehydrogenaseOenococcusGram-Positive Asporogenous RodsMonocarboxylic Acid TransportersDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalColony Count, MicrobialMeat ProductsNisinLactobacillus reuteriSilageGram-Positive CocciYogurtFood PackagingSequence Analysis, DNAAcidsMolecular Sequence DataLactate DehydrogenasesFood HandlingCarboxylic AcidsPhylogenySodium AcetateWaste ProductsAnaerobiosisCarbohydrate MetabolismBacteriaAerobiosisCacaoSodium LactateAcidosisMilkGlucoseGlycolysisPolymersBioreactorsLactobacillus helveticusDenaturing Gradient Gel ElectrophoresisAcetobacterHydrochloric AcidFatty Acids, VolatileRefrigerationFlourFood StorageFood IndustryBacterial ProteinsTemperatureEnterococcus faecalisButanonesFormatesBiodegradable PlasticsSpecies SpecificityPropionibacteriumCitric AcidGram-Positive BacteriaStreptococcus mutansBiotechnologyMalatesFeminine Hygiene ProductsRumenPyruvatesReticulumHumulusFructose
Lactic Acid
A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Lactobacillus
A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.
Lactobacillaceae
A family of gram-positive bacteria found regularly in the mouth and intestinal tract of man and other animals, in food and dairy products, and in fermenting vegetable juices. A few species are highly pathogenic.
Lactobacillales
An order of gram-positive bacteria in the class Bacilli, that have the ability to ferment sugars to lactic acid. They are widespread in nature and commonly used to produce fermented foods.
Leuconostoc
A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria whose growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. It is nonpathogenic to plants and animals, including humans.
Pediococcus
A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria whose growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. No endospores are produced. Its organisms are found in fermenting plant products and are nonpathogenic to plants and animals, including humans.
Fermentation
Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
Lactates
Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.
Lactobacillus plantarum
A species of rod-shaped, LACTIC ACID bacteria used in PROBIOTICS and SILAGE production.
Lactococcus
A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria mainly isolated from milk and milk products. These bacteria are also found in plants and nonsterile frozen and dry foods. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS (group N), it is now recognized as a separate genus.
Lactococcus lactis
A non-pathogenic species of LACTOCOCCUS found in DAIRY PRODUCTS and responsible for the souring of MILK and the production of LACTIC ACID.
Food Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of humans and animals, the human mouth, and vagina. This organism produces the fermented product, acidophilus milk.
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. capable of producing LACTIC ACID. It is important in the manufacture of fermented dairy products.
Lactobacillus brevis
A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped LACTIC ACID bacteria that is frequently used as starter culture in SILAGE fermentation, sourdough, and lactic-acid-fermented types of beer and wine.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Streptococcus thermophilus
A species of thermophilic, gram-positive bacteria found in MILK and milk products.
Lactobacillus casei
A rod-shaped bacterium isolated from milk and cheese, dairy products and dairy environments, sour dough, cow dung, silage, and human mouth, human intestinal contents and stools, and the human vagina.
Bifidobacterium
A rod-shaped, gram-positive, non-acid-fast, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium that is a genus of the family Bifidobacteriaceae, order Bifidobacteriales, class ACTINOBACTERIA. It inhabits the intestines and feces of humans as well as the human vagina.
Streptococcaceae
A family of gram-positive non-sporing bacteria including many parasitic, pathogenic, and saprophytic forms.
Probiotics
Live microbial DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Antibiotics and other related compounds are not included in this definition. In humans, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics, either as single species or in mixed culture with other bacteria. Other genera that have been used are bifidobacteria and streptococci. (J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401-12)
Cheese
A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.
Bacteriocins
Substances elaborated by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the same or related species. They are protein or lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes used in taxonomy studies of bacteria.
Bread
Baked food product made of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded, and sometimes fermented. A major food since prehistoric times, it has been made in various forms using a variety of ingredients and methods.
Acetic Acid
Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Lactobacillus fermentum
A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria associated with DENTAL CARIES.
Antibiosis
A natural association between organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them. This often refers to the production of chemicals by one microorganism that is harmful to another.
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Cultured Milk Products
Milk modified with controlled FERMENTATION. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KAFFIR CORN.
Food Preservation
Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.
Streptococcus
A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.
Industrial Microbiology
The study, utilization, and manipulation of those microorganisms capable of economically producing desirable substances or changes in substances, and the control of undesirable microorganisms.
Weissella
A genus of gram-positive, asporogenous, lactic acid bacteria, in the family LEUCONOSTOCACEAE.
Food Preservatives
Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Wine
Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.
Oenococcus
A genus of GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI in the family LEUCONOSTOCACEAE. It is the primary bacteria involved in carrying out malolactic conversion in winemaking.
Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods
A gram-positive, non-spore-forming group of bacteria comprising organisms that have morphological and physiological characteristics in common.
Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters
A family of proteins involved in the transport of monocarboxylic acids such as LACTIC ACID and PYRUVIC ACID across cellular membranes.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
DNA, Ribosomal
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Meat Products
Articles of food which are derived by a process of manufacture from any portion of carcasses of any animal used for food (e.g., head cheese, sausage, scrapple).
Nisin
A 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food preservative in canned fruits and vegetables, and cheese.
Lactobacillus reuteri
A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped LACTIC ACID bacteria found naturally in the human intestinal flora and BREAST MILK.
Silage
Fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock through processes of anaerobic fermentation (as in a silo).
Gram-Positive Cocci
Coccus-shaped bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.
Yogurt
A slightly acid milk food produced by fermentation due to the combined action of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus.
Food Packaging
Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Acids
Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Lactate Dehydrogenases
Alcohol oxidoreductases with substrate specificity for LACTIC ACID.
Food Handling
Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.
Carboxylic Acids
Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Sodium Acetate
The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.
Waste Products
Debris resulting from a process that is of no further use to the system producing it. The concept includes materials discharged from or stored in a system in inert form as a by-product of vital activities. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)
Anaerobiosis
The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Aerobiosis
Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.
Cacao
A tree of the family Sterculiaceae (or Byttneriaceae), usually Theobroma cacao, or its seeds, which after fermentation and roasting, yield cocoa and chocolate.
Sodium Lactate
The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.
Milk
The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.
Glucose
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.
Polymers
Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).
Bioreactors
Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.
Lactobacillus helveticus
A species of gram-positive bacteria isolated from MILK and cheese-starter cultures.
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis in which various denaturant gradients are used to induce nucleic acids to melt at various stages resulting in separation of molecules based on small sequence differences including SNPs. The denaturants used include heat, formamide, and urea.
Acetobacter
A species of gram-negative bacteria of the family ACETOBACTERACEAE found in FLOWERS and FRUIT. Cells are ellipsoidal to rod-shaped and straight or slightly curved.
Hydrochloric Acid
A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.
Fatty Acids, Volatile
Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans.
Refrigeration
The mechanical process of cooling.
Flour
Ground up seed of WHEAT.
Food Storage
Keeping food for later consumption.
Food Industry
The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Enterococcus faecalis
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.
Butanones
Formates
Derivatives of formic acids. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are formed with a single carbon carboxy group.
Biodegradable Plastics
Organic polymeric materials which can be broken down by naturally occurring processes. This includes plastics created from bio-based or petrochemical-based materials.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Propionibacterium
A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose cells occur singly, in pairs or short chains, in V or Y configurations, or in clumps resembling letters of the Chinese alphabet. Its organisms are found in cheese and dairy products as well as on human skin and can occasionally cause soft tissue infections.
Citric Acid
A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.
Streptococcus mutans
A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.
Biotechnology
Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.
Malates
Feminine Hygiene Products
Personal care items for women.
Rumen
The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)
Pyruvates
Reticulum
The second stomach of ruminants. It lies almost in the midline in the front of the abdomen, in contact with the liver and diaphragm and communicates freely with the RUMEN via the ruminoreticular orifice. The lining of the reticulum is raised into folds forming a honeycomb pattern over the surface. (From Concise Veterinary Dictionary, 1988)
Humulus
A plant genus in the CANNABACEAE family. Best known for the buds of Humulus lupulus L. used in BEER.
Fructose
A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.
Carbon Dioxide
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Rhizopus
A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.
Condiments
Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually of vegetable origin.
D-Aspartic Acid
The D-isomer of ASPARTIC ACID.
Listeria
A genus of bacteria which may be found in the feces of animals and man, on vegetation, and in silage. Its species are parasitic on cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, including man.
Enterococcus
A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.
Dairy Products
Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo.
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Xylose
Genome, Bacterial
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
Genetic Engineering
Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.
Gastrointestinal Contents
The contents included in all or any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Acid-Base Equilibrium
The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.
Food Technology
The application of knowledge to the food industry.
Starch
Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.
Intestines
The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Molasses
The syrup remaining after sugar is crystallized out of SUGARCANE or sugar beet juice. It is also used in ANIMAL FEED, and in a fermented form, is used to make industrial ETHYL ALCOHOL and ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Crop, Avian
A thin-walled distention of the alimentary tract protruding just outside the body cavity in the distal end of the neck (esophagus), used for the temporary storage of food and water.
Acetates
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.
Tropaeolum
A plant genus of the family TROPAEOLACEAE. The common nasturtium is a plant that grows 2.4-3.6 m (8-12 feet) tall and has funnel-shaped flowers that are commonly yellow-orange with red spots or stripes and have a long spur that contains sweet nectar. Some species in this genus are called watercress which is also a common name for RORIPPA and NASTURTIUM.
Abiotrophia
A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family Aerococcaceae.
Corrosion
The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Propionates
Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria used in PROBIOTICS.
Microbial Viability
Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.
Animal Feed
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.
Base Composition
The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.
Stereoisomerism
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Vagina
The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Food-Processing Industry
The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.
Yeasts
A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.
Soy Milk
A beverage prepared from SOYBEANS.
Gastrointestinal Tract
Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).
Pyruvic Acid
An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Triticum
A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.
Biodegradation, Environmental
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Fructans
Polysaccharides composed of D-fructose units.
Lactose
A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.
Toxaphene
A very complex, but reproducible mixture of at least 177 C10 polychloro derivatives, having an approximate overall empirical formula of C10-H10-Cl8. It is used as an insecticide and may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Propylene Glycol
A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.
Garbage
Discarded animal and vegetable matter from a kitchen or the refuse from food preparation. (From Random House College Dictionary, 1982)
Resins, Synthetic
Polymers of high molecular weight which at some stage are capable of being molded and then harden to form useful components.
Beer
An alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by slow fermentation.
Streptococcus bovis
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. It occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. This species is nonhemolytic.
Phenformin
A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Genes, rRNA
Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.
Decarboxylation
The removal of a carboxyl group, usually in the form of carbon dioxide, from a chemical compound.
Microbial Interactions
The inter- and intra-relationships between various microorganisms. This can include both positive (like SYMBIOSIS) and negative (like ANTIBIOSIS) interactions. Examples include virus - bacteria and bacteria - bacteria.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Nanocomposites
Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inorganic molecules. (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechology Terms, 4th ed)
Biodiversity
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
Enterococcaceae
A family of gram-positive bacteria in the order Lactobacillales, phylum Firmicutes.
Benzaldehydes
Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss
A technique for analysis of the chemical composition of molecules. A substance is bombarded with monochromatic ELECTRONS. Some of the electrons passing through the specimen will lose energy when they ionize inner shell electrons of the atoms in the specimen. The energy loss is element dependent. Analysis of the energy loss spectrum reveals the elemental composition of a specimen. ENERGY-FILTERED TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY is a type of electron energy loss spectroscopy carried out in electron microscopes specially outfitted to analyze the spectrum of electron energy loss.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Fish Products
Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).
Bacterial Adhesion
Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Veillonella
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic cocci parasitic in the mouth and in the intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Bacterial Load
Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.
Sodium Chloride
A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.
Vaginosis, Bacterial
Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.
Biota
The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.
Dental Cements
Substances used to bond COMPOSITE RESINS to DENTAL ENAMEL and DENTIN. These bonding or luting agents are used in restorative dentistry, ROOT CANAL THERAPY; PROSTHODONTICS; and ORTHODONTICS.
Food Analysis
Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD.
Eichhornia
A plant genus of the family PONTEDERIACEAE that is used as a biological filter for treating wastewater.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Ammonia
A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.
Siloxanes
Silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular structures.
Hot Temperature
Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.
Muscle Fatigue
A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.
Metabolism
The chemical reactions that occur within the cells, tissues, or an organism. These processes include both the biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) and the breakdown (CATABOLISM) of organic materials utilized by the living organism.
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Cells, Immobilized
Microbial, plant, or animal cells which are immobilized by attachment to solid structures, usually a column matrix. A common use of immobilized cells is in biotechnology for the bioconversion of a substrate to a particular product. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Industrial Waste
Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.
Cecum
The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.
Cereals
Seeds from grasses (POACEAE) which are important in the diet.
Polyglycolic Acid
A biocompatible polymer used as a surgical suture material.
Synbiotics
Nutritional supplements combining PROBIOTICS (bacteria) and PREBIOTICS (sugars).
Enterococcus faecium
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.
Ampyrone
A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.
Meat
The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.
Hyperoxaluria
Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.
Capparis
A plant genus of the family CAPPARACEAE that contains mabinlin, a sweet protein.
Suppositories
Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body for absorption. Generally, the active ingredients are packaged in dosage forms containing fatty bases such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated oil, or glycerogelatin that are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature.
Polyesters
Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.
Biofilms
Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.
Virus Inactivation
Inactivation of viruses by non-immune related techniques. They include extremes of pH, HEAT treatment, ultraviolet radiation, IONIZING RADIATION; DESICCATION; ANTISEPTICS; DISINFECTANTS; organic solvents, and DETERGENTS.
Alkalosis, Respiratory
A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Food Contamination
The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.
Plastics
Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Cluster Analysis
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
Listeria monocytogenes
A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.
Calcium Phosphates
Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.
Biomass
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Energy cost of sport rock climbing in elite performers. (1/5450)

OBJECTIVES: To assess oxygen uptake (VO2), blood lactate concentration ([La(b)]), and heart rate (HR) response during indoor and outdoor sport climbing. METHODS: Seven climbers aged 25 (SE 1) years, with a personal best ascent without preview or fall (on sight) ranging from 6b to 7a were assessed using an indoor vertical treadmill with artificial rock hand/foot holds and a discontinuous protocol with climbing velocity incremented until voluntary fatigue. On a separate occasion the subjects performed a 23.4 m outdoor rock climb graded 5c and taking 7 min 36 s (SE 33 s) to complete. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using a telemetry system and [La(b)] collected at rest and after climbing. RESULTS: Indoor climbing elicited a peak oxygen uptake (VO2climb-peak) and peak HR (HRpeak) of 43.8 (SE 2.2) ml/kg/min and 190 (SE 4) bpm, respectively and increased blood lactate concentration [La(b)] from 1.4 (0.1) to 10.2 (0.6) mmol/l (p < 0.05). During outdoor climbing VO2 and HR increased to about 75% and 83% of VO2climb-peak and HRpeak, respectively. [La(b)] increased from 1.3 (0.1) at rest to 4.5 mmol/l (p < 0.05) at 2 min 32 s (8 s) after completion of the climb. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that for elite climbers outdoor sport rock climbs of five to 10 minutes' duration and moderate difficulty require a significant portion of the VO2climb-peak. The higher HR and VO2 for outdoor climbing and the increased [La(b)] could be the result of repeated isometric contractions, particularly from the arm and forearm muscles.  (+info)

Correlation between hypermetabolism and neuronal damage during status epilepticus induced by lithium and pilocarpine in immature and adult rats. (2/5450)

The correlation between seizure-induced hypermetabolism and subsequent neuronal damage was studied in 10-day-old (P10), 21-day-old (P21), and adult rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE). Local CMRglc (LCMRglc) values were measured by the [14C]2-deoxyglucose method for a duration of 45 minutes starting at 60 minutes after the onset of SE, and neuronal damage was assessed by cresyl violet staining at 6 days after SE. In P21 and adult rats, LCMRglc values were increased by 275 to 875% in all thalamic, cortical, forebrain, and hypothalamic regions plus the substantia nigra. In addition, at P21 there were also large increases in LCMRglc in brainstem regions. In P10 rats, metabolic increases were mostly located in cortical and forebrain regions plus the substantia nigra but did not affect hypothalamic, thalamic, or brainstem areas. In adult rats, there was an anatomical correlation between hypermetabolism and neuronal damage. At P21, although hypermetabolism occurred in regions with damage, the extent of damage varied considerably with the animals and ranged from an almost negligible to a very extended degree. Finally, in P10 rats, although quite pronounced hypermetabolism occurred, there was no neuronal damage induced by the seizures. Thus, in the present model of epilepsy, the correlation between marked hypermetabolism and neuronal damage can be shown in adult rats. Conversely, immature rats can sustain major metabolic activations that lead either to a variable extent of damage, as seen at P21, or no damage, as recorded at P10.  (+info)

Lactic acid polymers as biodegradable carriers of fluoroquinolones: an in vitro study. (3/5450)

A biodegradable polymer of DL-dilactide that facilitates release of ciprofloxacin or pefloxacin at levels exceeding MICs for the causative microorganisms of chronic osteomyelitis is described. Duration and peak of release were found to depend on the molecular weight of the polymer. Its characteristics make it promising for treating chronic bone infections.  (+info)

Mechanisms of capsaicin- and lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog. (4/5450)

1. Capsaicin activation of the pulmonary C fibre vanilloid receptor (VR1) evokes the pulmonary chemoreflex and reflex bronchoconstriction. Among potential endogenous ligands of C fibre afferents, lactic acid has been suggested as a promising candidate. We tested the hypotheses that (a) lactic acid behaves as a stimulant of C fibre receptors in the newborn dog to cause reflex bronchoconstriction, and (b) lactic acid causes reflex bronchoconstriction via the same pulmonary C fibre receptor mechanism as capsaicin using the competitive capsaicin/VR1 receptor antagonist capsazepine. 2. Right heart injection of lactic acid caused a significant increase (47 +/- 8.0 %) in lung resistance (RL) that was atropine sensitive (reduced by 75 %; P < 0.05), consistent with reflex activation of muscarinic efferents by stimulation of C fibre afferents. 3. Infusion of the competitive capsaicin antagonist capsazepine caused an 80 % reduction (P < 0.01) in the control bronchoconstrictor response (41 +/- 8.5 % increase in RL) to right heart injections of capsaicin. The effects of capsazepine are consistent with reversible blockade of the VR1 receptor to abolish C fibre-mediated reflex bronchoconstriction. 4. Lactic acid-evoked increases in RL were unaffected by VR1 blockade with capsazepine, consistent with a separate lactic acid-induced reflex mechanism. 5. We conclude that (a) putative stimulation of C fibres with lactic acid causes reflex bronchoconstriction in the newborn dog, (b) capsazepine reversibly antagonizes reflex bronchoconstriction elicited by right heart injection of capsaicin, presumably by attenuating capsaicin-induced activation of the C fibre 'capsaicin' receptor (VR1), and (c) capsazepine resistance of lactic acid-induced bronchoconstriction indicates that lactic acid evokes reflex bronchoconstriction by a separate mechanism, possibly via the acid-sensing ionic channel.  (+info)

Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in highly trained human subjects: effect of glucose ingestion. (5/5450)

1. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate whether glucose ingestion during prolonged exercise reduces whole body muscle glycogen oxidation, (2) to determine the extent to which glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized during exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion and (3) to obtain an estimate of gluconeogenesis. 2. After an overnight fast, six well-trained cyclists exercised on three occasions for 120 min on a bicycle ergometer at 50 % maximum velocity of O2 uptake and ingested either water (Fast), or a 4 % glucose solution (Lo-Glu) or a 22 % glucose solution (Hi-Glu) during exercise. 3. Dual tracer infusion of [U-13C]-glucose and [6,6-2H2]-glucose was given to measure the rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose, muscle glycogen oxidation, glucose carbon recycling, metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and non-oxidative disposal of glucose. 4. Glucose ingestion markedly increased total Ra especially with Hi-Glu. After 120 min Ra and rate of disappearance (Rd) of glucose were 51-52 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Fast, 73-74 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Lo-Glu and 117-119 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Hi-Glu. The percentage of Rd oxidized was between 96 and 100 % in all trials. 5. Glycogen oxidation during exercise was not reduced by glucose ingestion. The vast majority of glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized and MCR increased markedly with glucose ingestion. Glucose carbon recycling was minimal suggesting that gluconeogenesis in these conditions is negligible.  (+info)

Effect of shellfish calcium on the apparent absorption of calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. (6/5450)

Fossil shellfish powder (FS) and Ezo giant scallop shell powder (EG) were rendered soluble with lactate and citrate under decompression (FSEx and EGEx, respectively) and we examined the effects of lactate-citrate solubilization of FS and EG on mineral absorption, tissue mineral contents, serum biochemical indices and bone mineral density (BMD) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The apparent absorption ratios of minerals tended to be high in the rats fed with the solubilized mineral sources, those in the FSEx group being significantly higher than in the FS group. There was no significant difference in the tibia mineral content among the OVX groups. BMD at the distal femoral diaphysis was significantly increased by FSEx and EGEx feeding. It is suggested that solubilization with lactate and citrate under decompression increased the solubility and bioavailability of calcium from such natural sources of shellfish calcium as FS and EG.  (+info)

Regulation of myocardial blood flow by oxygen consumption is maintained in the failing heart during exercise. (7/5450)

The hemodynamic abnormalities and neurohumoral activation that accompany congestive heart failure (CHF) might be expected to impair the increase in coronary blood flow that occurs during exercise. This study was performed to determine the effects of CHF on myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow during exercise. Coronary blood flow was measured in chronically instrumented dogs at rest, during 2 stages of graded treadmill exercise under control conditions (n=10), and after the development of CHF produced by 3 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing (n=9). In the normal dogs, coronary blood flow increased during exercise in proportion to the increase in the heart rate x the left ventricular systolic blood pressure product (RPP). After the development of CHF, resting myocardial blood flow was 25% lower than normal (P<0.05). Myocardial blood flow increased during the first stage of exercise, but then failed to increase further during the second stage of exercise despite an additional increase in the RPP. Myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise was significantly lower in animals with CHF and paralleled coronary flow. Despite the lower values for coronary blood flow in animals with CHF, there was no evidence for myocardial ischemia. Thus, even during the second level of exercise when coronary flow failed to increase, myocardial lactate consumption continued and coronary venous pH did not fall. In addition, the failure of coronary flow to increase as the exercise level was increased from stage 1 to stage 2 was not associated with a further increase in myocardial oxygen extraction. Thus, cardiac failure was associated with decreased myocardial oxygen consumption and failure of oxygen consumption to increase with an increase in the level of exercise. This abnormality did not appear to result from inadequate oxygen availability, but more likely represented a reduction of myocardial oxygen usage with a secondary decrease in metabolic coronary vasodilation.  (+info)

Lactate kinetics at rest and during exercise in lambs with aortopulmonary shunts. (8/5450)

In a previous study [G. C. M. Beaufort-Krol, J. Takens, M. C. Molenkamp, G. B. Smid, J. J. Meuzelaar, W. G. Zijlstra, and J. R. G. Kuipers. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 44): H1503-H1512, 1998], a lower systemic O2 supply was found in lambs with aortopulmonary left-to-right shunts. To determine whether the lower systemic O2 supply results in increased anaerobic metabolism, we used [1-13C]lactate to investigate lactate kinetics in eight 7-wk-old lambs with shunts and eight control lambs, at rest and during moderate exercise [treadmill; 50% of peak O2 consumption (VO2)]. The mean left-to-right shunt fraction in the shunt lambs was 55 +/- 3% of pulmonary blood flow. Arterial lactate concentrations and the rate of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) of lactate were similar in shunt and control lambs, both at rest (lactate: 1, 201 +/- 76 vs. 1,214 +/- 151 micromol/l; Ra = Rd: 12.97 +/- 1.71 vs. 12.55 +/- 1.25 micromol. min-1. kg-1) and during a similar relative workload. We found a positive correlation between Ra and systemic blood flow, O2 supply, and VO2 in both groups of lambs. In conclusion, shunt lambs have similar lactate kinetics as do control lambs, both at rest and during moderate exercise at a similar fraction of their peak VO2, despite a lower systemic O2 supply.  (+info)

Global Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid Market to reach US$ 3,381.8 Mn and US$ 1,358.1 Mn respectively by 2023 - TMR BlogGlobal Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid Market to reach US$ 3,381.8 Mn and US$ 1,358.1 Mn respectively by 2023 - TMR Blog
A growing number of players are capitalizing on the opportunities arising out of the substantial popularity of biodegradable plastics and bioplastics where lactic acid and polylactic acid are used as raw materials for their production. Some of the leading players in the global lactic acid market and polylactic acid market are Futerro SA, Teijin Ltd., Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Synbra Technology BV, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Henan Jindan Lactic Acid Technology Co., Ltd., NatureWorks LLC, and Corbion NV., notes Transparency Market Research (TMR).. The global lactic acid market stood at US$1,130.4 Mn in 2014 and is estimated to reach US$3,381.8 Mn by the end of 2023. This represents the market to rise at robust CAGR of 13.0% during 2015-2023. On the other hand, the global polylactic acid market stood at US$400.1 Mn in 2014 and is projected to reach a worth of US$1,358.1 Mn by 2023 end. Polylactic acid market is projected to proliferate at a CAGR of 14.6% during the same forecast ...
https://tmrblog.com/global-lactic-acid-and-polylactic-acid-market-to-reach-us-3381-8-mn-and-us-1358-1-mn-respectively-by-2023/
Serum arterial lactate concentration predicts mortality and organ dysfunction following liver resection | Perioperative...Serum arterial lactate concentration predicts mortality and organ dysfunction following liver resection | Perioperative...
The aim of this study was to determine if the post-operative serum arterial lactate concentration is associated with mortality, length of hospital stay or complications following hepatic resection. Serum lactate concentration was recorded at the end of liver resection in a consecutive series of 488 patients over a seven-year period. Liver function, coagulation and electrolyte tests were performed post-operatively. Renal dysfunction was defined as a creatinine rise of |1.5x the pre-operative value. The median lactate was 2.8 mmol/L (0.6 to 16 mmol/L) and was elevated (≥2 mmol/L) in 72% of patients. The lactate concentration was associated with peak post-operative bilirubin, prothrombin time, renal dysfunction, length of hospital stay and 90-day mortality (P | 0.001). The 90-day mortality in patients with a post-operative lactate ≥6 mmol/L was 28% compared to 0.7% in those with lactate ≤2 mmol/L. Pre-operative diabetes, number of segments resected, the surgeons assessment of liver parenchyma, blood
https://perioperativemedicinejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2047-0525-2-21/tables/3
Patent US5508378 - Method for producing polylactic acid - Google PatentsPatent US5508378 - Method for producing polylactic acid - Google Patents
A method for producing a polylactic acid of the present invention includes the steps of (a) polymerizing a lactide used as a main starting material in a molten state to give a polylactic acid; and (b) further polymerizing the polylactic acid obtained in step (a) in a solid phase by heating at a temperature lower than a melting point of a final polymer product.
http://www.google.com.au/patents/US5508378
Lactate levels in severe malarial anaemia are associated with haemozoin-containing neutrophils and low levels of IL-12. -...Lactate levels in severe malarial anaemia are associated with haemozoin-containing neutrophils and low levels of IL-12. -...
BACKGROUND: Hyperlactataemia is often associated with a poor outcome in severe malaria in African children. To unravel the complex pathophysiology of this condition the relationship between plasma lactate levels, parasite density, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and haemozoin-containing leucocytes was studied in children with severe falciparum malarial anaemia. METHODS: Twenty-six children with a primary diagnosis of severe malarial anaemia with any asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasite density and Hb | 5 g/dL were studied and the association of plasma lactate levels and haemozoin-containing leucocytes, parasite density, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was measured. The same associations were measured in non-severe malaria controls (N = 60). RESULTS: Parasite density was associated with lactate levels on admission (r = 0.56, P | 0.005). Moreover, haemozoin-containing neutrophils and IL-12 were strongly associated with plasma lactate levels, independently of parasite density (r = 0.60, P = 0
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/33661
L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Market - Applications Insights by 2025 - The Think CuriouserL(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Market - Applications Insights by 2025 - The Think Curiouser
Detailed TOC of Global L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Market Research Report 2020. 1 L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Market Overview. 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales 1.2 L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Segment by Type. 1.2.1 Global L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2020-2026). 1.2.2 Organic L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales 1.2.3 Inorganic L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales 1.3 L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Segment by Application. 1.3.1 L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Sales Comparison by Application: (2020-2026). 1.3.2 Organics Dehydration. 1.3.3 Organics Recovery. 1.3.4 Organics Separation. 1.4 Global L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Market Size Estimates and Forecasts. 1.4.1 Global L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Revenue 2015-2026. 1.4.2 Global L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Sales 2015-2026. 1.4.3 L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Market Size by Region: 2020 Versus 2026. 2 Global L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Market Competition by Manufacturers. 2.1 Global L(+)-Lactic Acid Sales Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020). 2.2 Global L(+)-Lactic ...
https://thinkcuriouser.com/uncategorized/859325/l-lactic-acid-sales-market-applications-insights-by-2025/
Industry Analysis of Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Highlights Continuous Growth by 2021 - PR.comIndustry Analysis of Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Highlights Continuous Growth by 2021 - PR.com
Report provides the brief overview about the demand and growth of the lactic and polylactic acid worldwide . Its also contain global market scenario of lactic and polylactic acid including Some of the...
https://www.pr.com/press-release/696099
Global Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Sales Market Report 2020 : ReportsnReportsGlobal Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Sales Market Report 2020 : ReportsnReports
[129 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Global Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Sales Market Report 2020 report by QYResearch Group. This report studies sales (consumption) of Lactic Acid and Polylactic...
http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/689852-global-lactic-acid-and-polylactic-acid-pla-sales-market-report-2020.html
Plasma lactate measurements in healthy cats - Redavid - 2012 - Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care - Wiley Online...Plasma lactate measurements in healthy cats - Redavid - 2012 - Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care - Wiley Online...
Redavid, L. A., Sharp, C. R., Mitchell, M. A. and Beckel, N. F. (2012), Plasma lactate measurements in healthy cats. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 22: 580-587. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00801.x ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00801.x/references?globalMessage=0
Internet Scientific PublicationsInternet Scientific Publications
Lactic acid concentration was determined by Boehringer Mannheim D-L Lactic acid kit in the selected best probiotic cultures. After culturing for 24 o C at 37 o C in MRS broth (containing glucose) as shown in Fig 1 and whey (without any nutrients) as shown in Table 1, lactic acid concentration in cell free supernatant (CFS) was determined.. D-L isomers of lactic acid was estimated in all the seven whey samples inoculated with seven probiotic lactic cultures after an incubation period of 24 hrs. Lactic acid concentration in whey reaches maximally up to 29mM (Table 1) for NCDC 291 followed by NCDC 299 and NCDC 17. The low lactic acid concentration resulted in lesser diffusion in agar well method. Moreover, the findings showed that only NCDC 17 produces more of D-lactic acid (7.2mM/l) as compared to other probiotic strains in fermented whey. Low lactic acid concentration was shown by strains DDS-1 and MTCC 1408.. ...
http://ispub.com/IJMB/5/1/3777
Isnip.net :: How To Minimize Lactic AcidIsnip.net :: How To Minimize Lactic Acid
Ebook How To Minimize Lactic Acid :: How to reduce lactic acid in a workout, 25 best ideas about lactic acid on pinterest anti aging, How to reduce lactic acid build up in muscles 13 steps, How to reduce lactic acid 12 steps with pictures wikihow, Kevin thefitnessanswerman pearltrees, Lactic acid training for fat loss the fitness grail, You can t reduce lactic acid but you ca by deborah bull, How to reduce lactic acid better workouts less pain, How to reduce lactic acid build up in muscles 13 steps, Fatigue and recovery ppt video online download
http://isnip.net/h/how-to-minimize-lactic-acid/
Lactic Acid & Polylactic Acid Market by Application, Geography - 2020 | MarketsandMarketsLactic Acid & Polylactic Acid Market by Application, Geography - 2020 | MarketsandMarkets
[221 Pages Report] Lactic Acid Market report categorizes the global market by Application (Biodegradable Polymer, Food & Beverage) & Polylactic Acid Market by Application (Packaging, Agriculture), & by Geography
https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/polylacticacid-387.html
Evaluation of 4 Point-of-Care Units for the Determination of Blood l-Lactate Concentration in Cattle - Karapinar - 2013 -...Evaluation of 4 Point-of-Care Units for the Determination of Blood l-Lactate Concentration in Cattle - Karapinar - 2013 -...
The POC lactate meters were highly correlated with ELISA (r = 0.98-0.99) despite disagreements among units. When regressed on ELISA, blood l-lactate concentrations generated from Accutrend Plus and Lactate Pro were linear up to 16.6 and 15.7 mmol/L, respectively, whereas those generated from i-STAT and Lactate Scout were linear up to 19.5 and 19.7 mmol/L, respectively. All POC lactate meters had a Se of 100% with Sp of 95.7-98.6% at a plasma l-lactate cut-off concentration of 4 mmol/L. i-STAT had the best accuracy (99.0%) and precision (99.8%), the best linear fit (y = −0.13 + 1.04X) yielding the lowest bias (−6.6%) as well as the highest Se (100%) and Sp (98.6%). ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.12204/abstract?globalMessage=0
The concept of maximal lactate steady state: a bridge between biochemistry, physiology and sport science. - PubMed - NCBIThe concept of maximal lactate steady state: a bridge between biochemistry, physiology and sport science. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12744715?dopt=Abstract
The influence of blood lactate sample site on exercise prescription - Northumbria Research LinkThe influence of blood lactate sample site on exercise prescription - Northumbria Research Link
The aims of this study were, firstly to determine the level of agreement between the fingertip and earlobe for the measurement of blood lactate, and secondly, to examine whether these sample sites may be used interchangeably when distinguishing lactate parameters routinely used in the physiological assessment and exercise prescription. Twenty healthy males performed an incremental cycle ergometry step test. Capillary blood samples were taken simultaneously at the end of each increment from the ear lobe and fingertip to determine blood lactate concentration. Power output and heart rate at different lactate parameters (LT, LT1, 2 mmol.L-1 and 4 mmol.L-1) were calculated from the lactate values. The average bias in blood lactate concentration measured from the fingertip and earlobe was 9.2% with 95% of measures differing by between -24.9 and 58.7%. There were no significant differences between sample sites (P = 0.201), however there was a strong positive relationship (R² = 0.9455). At the ...
http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/4053/
Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes 2E: Many factors to consider when collecting, analyzing, and interpreting blood lactate...Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes 2E: Many factors to consider when collecting, analyzing, and interpreting blood lactate...
Although the blood lactate response to exercise is used widely to control and monitor training programs, many factors in addition to training adaptation can affect the blood lactate response. Therefore, one needs to consider the following points when collecting, analyzing, and interpreting blood lactate measurements.
http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/many-factors-to-consider-when-collecting-analyzing-and-interpreting-blood-lactate-measurements
Global Polylactic Acid Market To 2022 - Market Share, Growth, Trends: Acute Market ReportsGlobal Polylactic Acid Market To 2022 - Market Share, Growth, Trends: Acute Market Reports
Acute Market Reports.com has announced the addition of Global Polylactic Acid Market Analysis And Segment Forecasts To 2022 Market Research report to their
http://www.rundirectmagazine.com/global-polylactic-acid-market-to-2021-market-share-growth-trends-acute-market-reports/22338/
Stimulation of lactic acid production in chick embryo fibroblasts by serum and high pH in the absence of external glucose | MetaStimulation of lactic acid production in chick embryo fibroblasts by serum and high pH in the absence of external glucose | Meta
Lactic acid production by chick embryo fibroblasts occurs in the absence of exogenous glucose. Fifteen to 50-fold less lactic acid is formed in the absence of glucose than in its presence. Nevertheless, serum and pH stimulation enhances this residual lactic acid production to the same r...read more ...
https://www.meta.org/papers/stimulation-of-lactic-acid-production-in-chick/412
Individual DifferencesIndividual Differences
Compared to the 8-minute duration, the use of 4- or 6-minute exercise intervals during an incremental-intensity test produces results that overestimate maximal lactate steady state exercise intensity for endurance trained runners. Implication. When testing athletes who have performed considerable endurance work, and an incremental test is used to assess anaerobic threshold, maximum lactate steady state, etc., the duration of each increment needs to be quite long because short-period intervals will lead to erroneous inferences. For trained runners, 8 minutes appears to be the minimum period to be spent at each step of an incremental testing procedure.. Return to Table of Contents for this issue. ...
http://coachsci.sdsu.edu/csa/vol34/foxdal.htm
Plus itPlus it
It is well known that systemic hyperlactatemia may occur when epinephrine is used as treatment of hypotension or as an inotrope. Several investigators have implicated that this may not necessarily be a sign of tissue hypoperfusion or anaerobic metabolism. Indeed, hyperlactatemia may be related to aerobic glycolysis. Epinephrine stimulates the Na+-K+ pump activity; thus lactate is released from well-oxygenated tissue (14, 19). In the present experiment, we observed a high arterial lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in addition to arterial hyperlactatemia. This should, to our understanding, indicate cytosolic dysoxia within some vascular region of an organism. A closer look at the splanchnic region revealed an increasing venous-to-arterial lactate gradient in the gastric wall, whereas prehepatic tissues as a whole seemed to turn to a negative gradient, indicating overall lactate uptake. Intraperitoneal lactate release occurred, but this may have merely reflected systemic hyperlactatemia. Intraperitoneal ...
http://ajpgi.physiology.org/content/288/3/G586
China Flavor Acidulant L-Lactic Acid 80% 85% 88% 60% CAS 50-21-5 - China Lactic Acid, Lactic Acid 80%China Flavor Acidulant L-Lactic Acid 80% 85% 88% 60% CAS 50-21-5 - China Lactic Acid, Lactic Acid 80%
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Lactic acid | Acchi KhabarLactic acid | Acchi Khabar
Lactic acid is discovered fundamentally in sharp drain items, for example, koumiss, laban, yogurt, kefir, and some curds. The casein in aged drain is coagulated (soured) by lactic acid. Lactic acid is likewise in charge of the sharp kind of sourdough bread.. In arrangements of dietary data lactic acid may be incorporated under the expression starch (or sugar by contrast) since this frequently incorporates everything other than water, protein, fat, powder, and ethanol. If this is the situation then the ascertained sustenance vitality may utilize the standard 4 calories for each gram that is regularly utilized for all carbs. Be that as it may, at times lactic acid is overlooked in the calculation. The vitality thickness of lactic acid is 362 kilocalories (1,510 kJ) per 100 g.. In lager blending a few styles of brew (harsh brew) deliberately contain lactic acid. Most generally this is created normally by different strains of microorganisms. These microorganisms age sugars into acids, dissimilar ...
https://www.mahamrityunjayamantra.co.in/lactic-acid/
Aniara LDHe Extracellular Lactate Dehydrogenase - 1200 testsAniara LDHe Extracellular Lactate Dehydrogenase - 1200 tests
Cell death or cytotoxicity is classically evaluated by the quantification of plasma membrane damage. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a stable cytoplasmic enzyme present in all cells, and is rapidly released into the cell culture supernatant upon membrane damage or cell lysis. This assay is a fast and simple method to determine changes in the plasma membrane upon incubation with a test compound
http://www.aniara.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Store_Code=ANIA&Screen=PROD&Category_Code=CYTOTOXICITYTESTING&Product_Code=AKLE96-1200
Muscle Metabolism during Exercise in Patients with Parkinsons Disease | Clinical Science | Portland PressMuscle Metabolism during Exercise in Patients with Parkinsons Disease | Clinical Science | Portland Press
1. Arterial concentrations and leg exchange of carbohydrate substrates and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were examined together with concentrations of intramuscular metabolites at rest and during exercise in six patients with Parkinsons disease and in a group of five healthy control subjects.. 2. Heart rate, pulmonary oxygen uptake and ventilatory exchange ratio were all significantly higher in the group of patients during exercise. The release of lactate by the exercising leg in the patients exceeded that of the control subjects and was associated with a significantly elevated arterial lactate concentration. Glucose uptake by the leg was greater in the patients during exercise. Arterial NEFA was higher and fractional NEFA turnover lower in the patients both at rest and during exercise, whereas oxidation of NEFA by the leg muscles during exercise was similar in the two groups.. 3. ATP, creatine phosphate and glycogen content of muscle were significantly reduced in the basal state in the ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/47/5/493/70937/Muscle-Metabolism-during-Exercise-in-Patients-with
Answer to: Lactate measurements in an integrated perfusion machine for human livers | | My News HuntAnswer to: Lactate measurements in an integrated perfusion machine for human livers | | My News Hunt
Fig. 1: Lactate clearance throughout ex vivo perfusion. Recordsdata availabilityRecordsdata from this undercover agent will seemingly be made on hand upon cheap
https://mynewshunt.com/answer-to-lactate-measurements-in-an-integrated-perfusion-machine-for-human-livers/
Production of Lactic Acid/Lactates from Biomass and Their Catalytic Transformations to Commodities | Sciact - CRIS-system of...Production of Lactic Acid/Lactates from Biomass and Their Catalytic Transformations to Commodities | Sciact - CRIS-system of...
Abstract: The aim of this review is to describe the research in the production of lactic acid from biomass and its transformation to commodity chemicals mainly since 2002. The following reactions will be discussed in detail: catalytic production of lactic acid or alkyl lactates using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts (section 2), catalytic transformation of lactic acid or alkyl lactates via hydrogenation to 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), dehydrogenation to pyruvic acid, dehydration to acrylic acid, decarbonylation and decarboxylation to acetaldehyde, condensation of lactic acid to 2,3-pentanedione, and esterification (section 3), excluding, however, polymerization. The main emphasis is on elucidation of catalyst properties, the stability of catalysts and their reuse, and reaction conditions and mechanisms in the production of both lactic acid and its derivatives in the presence of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Furthermore, kinetic modeling and reactor technologies are also ...
https://sciact.catalysis.ru/en/public/article/2070
XLAthlete ArticlesXLAthlete Articles
Reasons to Improve Lactate Kinetics. With the positives of lactate being presented in an earlier paragraph, some of the reasons for lactate improvement will now be identified. Other reasons to improve the ability of lactate kinetics, specifically MCTs remain. The ultimate goals during exercise include buffering hydrogen ions and keeping the ATP:ADP ratio consistent. The energy systems that are responsible for ATP production and re-synthesis can be viewed as fuel tanks, each with their own specific characteristics. The creatine phosphate system (PCr) produces ATP the most rapidly, but has a very small fuel tank, lasting only about 6-10 seconds. The PCr system does not have a major impact on lactate production or clearance, so it will not be a main focus within this post. Anaerobic glycolysis has the ability to produce ATP quickly, with a considerably larger fuel tank than the PCr system. Anaerobic glycolysis produces an end-product, which upon accumulation can limit repeat-sprint abilities. ...
http://xlathlete.org/blog/articles/entry/understanding_blood_lactate_to_optimize1
The Lactic Acid Myths | Triathlete.comThe Lactic Acid Myths | Triathlete.com
Brooks is not done yet. His most recent research has looked at the role of lactate in cell signaling. It suggests that the high levels of intracellular lactate that arise during intense exercise stimulate some of the beneficial fitness adaptations that occur in response to such training. Specifically, high lactate concentrations trigger the production of free radicals that upregulate a variety of genes. Some of these genes govern mitochondrial biogenesis. So it appears that intracellular lactate accumulation during intense exercise stimulates the muscle cell to produce more mitochondria, thus enhancing its ability to burn lactate (and other fuels) in future workouts.. If I had to package all of the forgoing science into a single upshot, it would be this: According to the classical theory of lactate, one of the highest priorities of training was to reduce the amount of lactate the body produces at higher exercise intensities so that the athlete can race faster without fatiguing due to high ...
http://www.triathlete.com/2010/01/training/the-lactic-acid-myths_6820
Most recent papers in the shared collection Landmark Research | Read by QxMDMost recent papers in the shared collection Landmark Research | Read by QxMD
Lactate is one of the most crucial intermediates in carbohydrate and nonessential amino acid metabolism. The complexity of cellular interactions and metabolism means that lactate can be considered a waste product for one cell but a useful substrate for another. The presence of elevated lactate levels in critically ill patients has important implications for morbidity and mortality. In this review, we provide a brief outline of the metabolism of lactate, the pathophysiology of lactic acidosis, the clinical significance of D-lactate, the role of lactate measurement in acutely ill patients, the methods used to measure lactate in blood or plasma and some of the methodological issues related to interferences in these assays, especially in the case of ethylene glycol poisoning ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/shared-collection/6009
KAKEN - Research Projects | A STUDY OF EFFECTS OF ENHANCEMENT IN BLOOD LACTATE REMOVAL CAPACITY ON IMPROVEMENT IN ENDURANCE...KAKEN - Research Projects | A STUDY OF EFFECTS OF ENHANCEMENT IN BLOOD LACTATE REMOVAL CAPACITY ON IMPROVEMENT IN ENDURANCE...
Principal Investigator：MARUYAMA Atsuo, Project Period (FY)：1992 - 1993, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C), Research Field：体育学
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04680134/
Potential and assessment of lactic acid production and isolation - a review - Graz University of TechnologyPotential and assessment of lactic acid production and isolation - a review - Graz University of Technology
TY - JOUR. T1 - Potential and assessment of lactic acid production and isolation - a review. AU - Jantasee, Sasiradee. AU - Kienberger, Marlene. AU - Mungma, Nuttakul. AU - Siebenhofer, Matthäus. PY - 2017/3. Y1 - 2017/3. M3 - Article. JO - Journal of chemical technology & biotechnology. JF - Journal of chemical technology & biotechnology. SN - 0268-2575. ER - ...
https://graz.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/potential-and-assessment-of-lactic-acid-production-and-isolation-/
The Association Of Rowing Coaches, South Africa: Lactic Acid, Blood Lactate and the Lactic Acid MythThe Association Of Rowing Coaches, South Africa: Lactic Acid, Blood Lactate and the Lactic Acid Myth
Clearance of lactate from the blood can occur either through oxidation within the muscle fibre in which it was produced or it can be transported to other muscles fibres for oxidation (31,30). Lactate that is not oxidized in this way diffuses from the exercising muscle into the capillaries and it is transported via the blood to the liver (31). Through a process known as the Cori cycle, lactate can be converted to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen, which can then be converted into glucose (2). This glucose can either be metabolized by working muscles or stored in the muscles as glycogen for later use (2 ...
http://arcrsa.blogspot.com/2008/02/lactic-acid-blood-lactate-and-lactic.html
The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + Ha 2% 30ml - A Mild Lactic Acid Superficial Peeling Formulation | Miss & Mrs DiversityThe Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + Ha 2% 30ml - A Mild Lactic Acid Superficial Peeling Formulation | Miss & Mrs Diversity
Super Savings Item! Save 36% on the The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + Ha 2% 30ml - A Mild Lactic Acid Superficial Peeling Formulation by The Ordinary at Miss & Mrs Diversity. MPN: 5815237.00. Hurry! Limited time offer. Offer valid only while supplies last. Lactic Acid is an alpha hydroxyl acid that exfoliates the skin. This 5% formulation offers very mild exfoliation and is supported with a purified Tasmanian pepperberry known to reduce signs of inflammation and sensitivity that is often associated with exfolia
https://www.missandmrsdiversity.com/mmdp/1657/the-ordinary-lactic-acid-5-ha-2-30ml-a-mild-lactic-acid-superficial-peeling-formulation
Ingredients -- Lactic acidIngredients -- Lactic acid
Lactic acid is used in foods to add tartness and as a preservative. The name comes from the Latin word for milk, but most lactic acid is produced commercially from corn fermentation. Lactic acid is what gives the sour taste to spoiled milk, and to sauerkraut. Lactic acid is also used as a preservative in foods like spanish olives. ...
http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/lactic_acid.html
Asian Federation of Societies For Lactic Acid BactAsian Federation of Societies For Lactic Acid Bact
In 2020, the 11th Asian Conference on Lactic Acid Bacteria (ACLAB 11) will be held on 29th - 31st October 2020 at The Sukosol Bangkok. This conference is organised by a group of Thai scientists who are working in the field of lactic acid bacteria and the Department of Biotechnology of the Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University.. The objective of the conference is to provide the opportunity for researchers from academia and industry to assemble and discuss and exchange the latest research information on the roles and industrial applications of lactic acid bacteria. The event will be conducted in English and will focus on the topic LAB for healthier longer better life.. Official Website of ACLAB 11: http://www.11aclab.agro.ku.ac.th/index.html. ...
http://afslab.asia/news-1.php?Vcode=7
Lactate Threshold is Misunderstood | H.V.M.N.® BlogLactate Threshold is Misunderstood | H.V.M.N.® Blog
Even the mention of lactate threshold can send pain into a runners quads. For decades, lactic acid production was thought to only be a bad thing-but new research is suggesting thats only half the story. Understanding your individual lactate threshold (or LT) can be a tool to training smarter and performing better.
https://blog.hvmn.com/blog/training/lactate-threshold-is-misunderstood
Deposition of LDH on plasma treated polylactic acid to reduce water permeabilityDeposition of LDH on plasma treated polylactic acid to reduce water permeability
The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format. By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items. For anonymous users the allowed maximum amount is 50 search results. To select a subset of the search results, click Selective Export button and make a selection of the items you want to export. The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export. After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format. ...
https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/handle/10754/597935
Run. Race. Repeat.: Lactic Acid (more than basic)Run. Race. Repeat.: Lactic Acid (more than basic)
Contrary to popular belief, lactic acid does not cause muscle pain. Ingestion of lactic acid in reasonable amounts causes no problems (its found in fermented dairy and malt products) and experiments perfusing it into muscle caused no discomfort. Recently, its been common to say that its not the lactate but the hydrogen ions - the acidity - that causes pain; this is fallacious in two ways: 1) in cells, the compound found is not lactic acid but lactate ion and 2) the reaction producing lactate is NADH + H + pyruvate = NAD + lactate [NAD is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide], which actually reduces the hydrogen ion concentration. Muscle pain caused by exertion not due to cellular damage is caused by membrane polarization by ATP-dependent translocases electrically signalling adjacent neurons ...
http://stevequick.blogspot.com/2008/01/lactic-acid-more-than-basic.html
professoranthonyjsargeantprofessoranthonyjsargeant
The effect of different pedalling rates (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 rev min-1) on power generating capability, oxygen uptake (O2) and blood lactate concentration [La]b during incremental tests was studied in seven subjects. No significant differences in O2,max were found (mean +/- S.D., 5.31 +/- 0.13 l min-1). The final external power output delivered to the ergometer during incremental tests (PI,max) was not significantly different when cycling at 60, 80 or 100 rev min-1 (366 +/- 5 W). A significant decrease in PI,max of 60 W was observed at 40 and 120 rev min-1 compared with 60 and 100 rev min-1, respectively (P , 0.01). At 120 rev min-1 there was also a pronounced upward shift of the O2-power output (O2-P) relationship. At 50 W O2 between 80 and 100 rev min-1 amounted to +0.43 l min-1 but to +0.87 l min-1 between 100 and 120 rev min-1. The power output corresponding to 2 and 4 mmol l-1 blood lactate concentration (P[La]2 and P[La]4 ) was also significantly lower (, 50 W) at 120 rev min-1 (P , ...
https://professoranthonyjsargeant.wordpress.com/
3S-cis)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione - Registration Dossier - ECHA3S-cis)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Lactides rapidly hydrolyse to lactoyl lactic acid and subsequently to lactic acid in aqueous media. Lactic acid is a ubiquitous and essential biological molecule, in humans and other mammals, but also in most if not all vertebrate and invertebrate animals, as well as in many micro-organisms. As such the biokinetics, metabolism and distribution of lactic acid have to be considered in the context of its normal biochemistry; exogenous lactic acid will be indistinguishable from endogenous lactic acid and will follow the same biochemical pathways as endogenous lactic acid, at least up to a certain systemic level. The biochemistry of lactic acid has been reviewed and summarized in Sterenborg, 2007. Hydrolysis of lactide The hydrolysis rate of lactide in aqueous environments at pH 2 was determined in-house, to simulate the fate of lactide in gastric fluids. The results obtained in the PURAC study are in excellent agreement with the results presented by Conn et al. (1995), and it can be concluded that ...
https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11212/7/2/1
Lactic Acid And L-lactic AcidLactic Acid And L-lactic Acid
We can offer lactic acid export quality with best specifications at the cheapest price Lactic acid in food (80%,88%,90%) and pharma grades(88%,90%) If this offer has interested you, please, fill the form of inquiry and you receive the answer in ASA
http://www.food-impex.net/category/confectionery_and_candy/1/lactic_acid_and_3.html
Our Friend Lactic AcidOur Friend Lactic Acid
During the process of our bodies breaking down glucose as fuel for our muscles, the glucose gets broken down to lactate and hydrogen ions are released. You know what though? Its actually the hydrogen that causes problems! The hydrogen ions causes pH to fall and creates a state of acidosis, which then leads to the pain and discomfort you always blame on the lactic acid. BUT, the lactic acid then tirelessly works in our favor again by helping to carry the hydrogen ions away where it gets removed in the liver which then converts the lactic acid back to glucose. A thankless job ...
http://bikehints.blogspot.com/2008/11/our-friend-lactic-acid.html
Is there a way to prevent lactic acid buildup in my muscles? | GreenAnswersIs there a way to prevent lactic acid buildup in my muscles? | GreenAnswers
The simplest way to prevent lactic acid buildup is to work out more. Lactic acid is produced when your muscles are working excessively hard. Gradually increasing your workouts and intensity will help your muscles become more accustomed to the exercise and will need to produce less lactic acid as a result. There really isnt any quick-fix way to resolving the burn and pain of strenuous work.. ...
http://greenanswers.com/question/there-way-prevent-lactic-acid-buildup-my-muscles/
How to Reduce Lactic Acid Build up in Muscles: 15 Steps - • FAT-FREE CHEF™ •How to Reduce Lactic Acid Build up in Muscles: 15 Steps - • FAT-FREE CHEF™ •
What causes lactic acid build up in muscles? A consistent lack of oxygen flowing to the muscles. Its possibly a warning to you to take it easier. How to Reduce Lactic Acid Build up in Muscles Co-authored by Jurdy Dugdale, RN In this Article: Stretches and Foods to Reduce Lactic Acid Build Up Recognizing Lactic…
https://fat-freechef.com/2019/02/06/how-to-reduce-lactic-acid-build-up-in-muscles-15-steps/
Lactic Acid Market Analysis and Forecast by Applications and Competitors to 2021 | BusinessLactic Acid Market Analysis and Forecast by Applications and Competitors to 2021 | Business
Get Sample PDF of report at @ http://www.360marketupdates.com/enquiry/request-sample/10311226 After the basic information, the report sheds light on the production. Production plants, their capacities, global production and revenue are studied. Also, the Lactic Acid Market growth in various regions and R&D status are also covered.. Further in the report, the Lactic Acid Market is examined for price, cost and gross. These three points are analysed for types, companies and regions. In continuation with this data sale price is for various types, applications and region is also included. The Lactic Acid Industry consumption for major regions is given. Additionally, type wise and application wise consumption figures are also given.. Analysis also include consumption. Import and export data for Regions North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India.. Purchase this report @ http://www.360marketupdates.com/purchase/10311226 With the help of supply and consumption data, gap between these two ...
http://beforeitsnews.com/business/2016/10/lactic-acid-market-analysis-and-forecast-by-applications-and-competitors-to-2021-2985665.html
Shall we take a better overview of contract pharm with its connection to lactic acidShall we take a better overview of contract pharm with its connection to lactic acid
sonar products inc. there then is meanwhile making the packaging and sympathetically any sale of a series line of various toxic than illicit drugs including lactic acid acid. Nxstage pureflow dialysate concentrate (sak - 302) in its generic in form lactic acid display frequent side effects and limit adverse side reactions. Dianeal pd 102 capd solution w 4.25% dextrose capsules also contain 30 mg, 50 mg, and 70 mg of lactic acid acid
http://good4youherbals.com/guide-to-medicine/fda-panel-eliminate-nxstage-pureflow-dialysate-concentrate-sak-302-similar-drugs.html
5% Lactic Acid Cream - DermaConcepts5% Lactic Acid Cream - DermaConcepts
A low concentration, low pH Cool Peeling system available in a special cream formula. The numbers indicate the step-up approach to peeling. 5% Lactic Acid Cream contains a higher concentration of Lactic Acid than lacm 1 (2.5% Lactic Acid Cream).
https://dermaconcepts.com/products/lacm-2-150ml
Buy Lactic Acid, Lactic Acid Suppliers, Manufacturers, TradersBuy Lactic Acid, Lactic Acid Suppliers, Manufacturers, Traders
Buy Lactic Acid online from WorldOfChemicals. We have the list of top Lactic Acid suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers and traders with the best price listed from worldwide.
https://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicals/chemical-suppliers/lactic-acid.html?country=MY&city=Klang&priority=1,7
Molecular biosensor diagnoses cancer by spotting high lactate levels | FierceBiotechMolecular biosensor diagnoses cancer by spotting high lactate levels | FierceBiotech
High levels of the metabolic acid known as lactate can be a sobering clue that cancer is growing inside the body. And now Chilean and U.S. researchers have developed a non-invasive way to diagnose its presence it individual cells: a molecular biosensor.
https://www.fiercebiotech.com/medical-devices/molecular-biosensor-diagnoses-cancer-by-spotting-high-lactate-levels
Implanted Biosensors Track Vital Signs - TFOTImplanted Biosensors Track Vital Signs - TFOT
The biochip, sized 2mm x 4mm x 0.5mm, is a dual sensing element coated with hydrogels to prevent it from being rejected by human tissue. The sensor has the ability to transmit life saving readings to the medical personnel. The implantation of the chip will only be temporary, although long term biochip implants are also being tested and may be used as a precaution in some cases.. Blood glucose and lactate levels are very important for medical staff in the first stages of dealing with a trauma patient. These measurements can imply what the oxygen level in the patients blood is and can indicate the overall metabolic state of the patient. The blood lactate level is sometimes used to determine whether or not a trauma patient can survive surgery. Getting these measurements in real time can help the medics in a hospital or out in the field make decisions much faster and by doing so will help save lives.. The chip has undergone some tests and the developers assume it will be tested on humans within ...
https://thefutureofthings.com/5617-implanted-biosensors-track-vital-signs/
Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C-lactate to <sup>13</sup>C-bicarbonate ratio as a biomarker for monitoring the acute response of...Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C-lactate to <sup>13</sup>C-bicarbonate ratio as a biomarker for monitoring the acute response of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hyperpolarized 13C-lactate to 13C-bicarbonate ratio as a biomarker for monitoring the acute response of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment. AU - Park, Jae Mo. AU - Spielman, Daniel M.. AU - Josan, Sonal. AU - Jang, Taichang. AU - Merchant, Milton. AU - Hurd, Ralph E.. AU - Mayer, Dirk. AU - Recht, Lawrence D.. PY - 2016/5/1. Y1 - 2016/5/1. N2 - Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRS provides a unique imaging opportunity to study the reaction kinetics and enzyme activities of in vivo metabolism because of its favorable imaging characteristics and critical position in the cellular metabolic pathway, where it can either be reduced to lactate (reflecting glycolysis) or converted to acetyl-coenzyme A and bicarbonate (reflecting oxidative phosphorylation). Cancer tissue metabolism is altered in such a way as to result in a relative preponderance of glycolysis relative to oxidative phosphorylation (i.e. Warburg effect). Although there is a strong theoretical basis ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hyperpolarized-sup13supc-lactate-to-sup13supc-bicarbonate-ratio-a
Brummel & BrownBrummel & Brown
... lactic acid; artificial flavors; vitamin A (palmitate); beta carotene (colour). Nutrition Information for a serving size of 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brummel_&_Brown
KimchiKimchi
The LAB bacteria produce lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon dioxide as by-products during metabolism. Lactic acid ... However, due to significantly different preparation techniques from pao cai, kimchi has significantly more lactic acid bacteria ... Foods, National Research Council (US) Panel on the Applications of Biotechnology to Traditional Fermented (1992). Lactic Acid ... Paramithiotis, Spiros; Papoutsis, George; Drosinos, Eleftherios H. (2017). Paramithiotis, Spiros (ed.). Lactic Acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi
LactovumLactovum
Drake, Harold L. (2014-01-01). "The genus Lactovum". In Holzapfel, Wilhelm H.; Wood, Brian J. B. (eds.). Lactic Acid Bacteria. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactovum
FacklamiaFacklamia
Hoyles, Lesley (2014). "The genus Facklamia". Lactic Acid Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: 91-98. doi:10.1002/9781118655252. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facklamia
Negative splitNegative split
"Lactic Acid Test". Medline Plus Trusted Health Information for You. A.D.A.M., Inc. November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 12, ... Lactic acid buildup may cause a runner to slow down unintentionally. Progressively increasing speed in any race allows the ... Starting slow allows the runner's body to compensate for the lactic acid production and low oxygen levels that result from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_split
ProbioticProbiotic
Some strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may affect Helicobacter pylori infections (which may cause peptic ulcers) in adults ... Additionally, lactic acid bacteria (LABs), which are food fermenting bacteria, have the ability to prevent food spoilage and ... At that time, milk fermented with lactic-acid bacteria were known to inhibit the growth of proteolytic bacteria because of the ... Oh CK, Oh MC, Kim SH (2004). "The Depletion of Sodium Nitrite by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kimchi". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic
Korean natural farmingKorean natural farming
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are anaerobic. In the absence of oxygen, they metabolize sugar into lactic acid. LAB improves soil ... "Lactic Acid Bacteria" (PDF). Cho Global Natural Farming. 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2016. Reddy 2011, p. 41. Reddy 2011, p. 42 ... Three types of bacteria common in KNF include lactic acid bacteria, purple bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast. Mycorrhizae ... Outputs can include antibiotics, enzymes and lactic acids that can suppress diseases and promote healthy soil conditions. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_natural_farming
Limosilactobacillus reuteriLimosilactobacillus reuteri
The lactic acid bacteria in health and disease. 1. The lactic acid bacteria. New York: Elsevier Applied Science. pp. 69-114. ... Lactic acid bacteria, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998: 475-518. Edens FW, Parkhurst CR, Casas IA, Dobrogosz WJ (January ... At the turn of the 20th century, L. reuteri was recorded in scientific classifications of lactic acid bacteria, though at this ... The lactic acid Bacteria. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskasbernes Selskab. Naturvidenskabelige mathematiske Afdeling, NS 8.5.2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limosilactobacillus_reuteri
SourdoughSourdough
... and the lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid, which contributes flavor in the form of sourness. The lactic acid bacteria ... with more lactic acid relative to acetic acid. The yeasts produce mainly CO2 and ethanol. High amounts of lactic acid are ... Lactic acid bacteria: genetics, metabolism, and applications: proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on lactic acid bacteria: ... Gänzle, Michael G (2015). "Lactic metabolism revisited: metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in food fermentations and food ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourdough
Indian Institute of Horticultural ResearchIndian Institute of Horticultural Research
Lactic acid fermentation of vegetables. Protocols for minimally processed foods. Technology for production of tomato, colored ... Nucleic acid probes for many viruses. DNA fingerprinting techniques for characterization and documentation of germplasm. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Horticultural_Research
Bokashi (horticulture)Bokashi (horticulture)
De Vuyst, L.; Vandamme, E.J. (1994). "Antimicrobial Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria". Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria. ... The liquid leaches out a valuable fraction of proteins, nutrients and lactic acid. To recover them, and to avoid drowning the ... If aerated, e.g. by energetic dilution, its lactic acid content will oxidise to pyruvate, rendering it less dangerous to plants ... This exposes it to air, whereupon the lactic acid oxidises to pyruvate, a fundamental energy carrier in biological processes. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokashi_(horticulture)
Streptomyces lacticiproducensStreptomyces lacticiproducens
nov., a lactic acid-producing streptomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants". International Journal of ... nov., a lactic acid-producing streptomycete isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants". International Journal of ... Streptomyces lacticiproducens produces lactic acid. List of Streptomyces species LPSN bacterio.net UniProt Straininfo of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_lacticiproducens
SpermicideSpermicide
... and commercial lactic acid-based spermicides are available. A contraceptive containing lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium ... "U.S. FDA Approves Evofem Biosciences' Phexxi (lactic acid, citric acid and potassium bitartrate), the First and Only Non- ... "Femprotect - Lactic Acid Contraceptive Gel". Woman's Natural Health Practice. Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. ... Lactic acid preparations have also been shown to have some spermicidal effect, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermicide
CalmuridCalmurid
Owing to lactic acid's keratolytic properties (to break down hard skin cells) and urea's hydrating properties, Calmurid is used ... "Calmurid cream (urea, lactic acid)". Netdoctor. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 2017-02-12. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) v ... Composition: Urea 100 mg/g and lactic acid 50 mg/g in an emulsified base containing betaine monohydrate, glyceryl monostearate ... Calmurid Cream contains the active ingredients lactic acid and urea, whereas Calmurid HC contains an additional ingredient, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmurid
Xylose isomeraseXylose isomerase
Kitahara, K. (1966). "Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria". Nyusankin No Kenkyu: 67~69. Buchanan, R.E.; Gibbons, N.E. (1974). ... Both share an acid residue Glutamic acid 216 of the enzyme that bridges the two cations. Two basic amino acids surround the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylose_isomerase
Basal metabolic rateBasal metabolic rate
Wells, JG; Balke, B; Van Fossan, DD (1957). "Lactic acid accumulation during work; a suggested standardization of work ... saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, dietary cholesterol, and trans fatty acid. From a ... more energy is needed to burn a saturated fatty acid than an unsaturated fatty acid. The fatty acid molecule is broken down and ... Palmitic acid is a commonly studied example of the saturated fatty acid molecule. The overall equation for the substrate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate
TrichococcusTrichococcus
Pikuta, Elena V.; Hoover, Richard B. (2 May 2014). "The genus Trichococcus". Lactic Acid Bacteria: 135-145. doi:10.1002/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichococcus
LactonitrileLactonitrile
It is an intermediate in the industrial production of ethyl lactate and lactic acid. It is the cyanohydrin of acetaldehyde. It ... Lactonitrile is used in making esters of lactic acid. Cyanohydrins are sources of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide. The substance ... Westhoff, Gerrit; Starr, John N. (2012). "Lactic Acids". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactonitrile
Bifidobacterium ruminantiumBifidobacterium ruminantium
Wood, B. J.; Holzapfel, W. H. N. (1995). The Genera of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Springer. pp. 301-. ISBN 978-0-7514-0215-5. ... and Other Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Human Colon". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 69 (12): 7545-7548. doi:10.1128/AEM ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium_ruminantium
Treatment of warts by keratolysisTreatment of warts by keratolysis
Salicylic acid reaches warts; lactic acid and collodion do not.[2] Therefore, these additional components have only an indirect ... There are typically two types of products: adhesive pads treated with salicylic acid or a bottle of concentrated salicylic acid ... Removing a wart with this method requires a strict regimen of cleaning the area, applying the salicylic acid, and removing the ... The molecular structure of the skin is altered at the centre of the wart.[3] Experiments indicated that salicylic acid bonding ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_warts_by_keratolysis
Lactococcus lactisLactococcus lactis
... lactic acid. However, reported D-(−)-lactic acid can be produced when cultured at low pH. The capability to produce lactic acid ... The byproduct of ATP energy production is lactic acid. The lactic acid produced by the bacterium curdles the milk, which then ... glucose and lactic acid concentrations on the kinetics of lactic acid production by Lactococcus lactis ssp. Lactis ATCC 19435 ... November 2004). "The lactic acid bacteria, the food chain, and their regulation". Trends in Food Science & Technology. 15 (10 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactococcus_lactis
CalystaCalysta
Protti-Alvarez, Francinia (2013-06-18). "NatureWorks, Calysta Energy enter R&D to produce lactic acid via methane fermentation ... McCoy, Michael (2016-03-14). "NatureWorks advances methane-to-lactic acid". C&EN Global Enterprise. 94 (11): 15-16. doi:10.1021 ... the firm began working with NatureWorks to use methane fermentation to produce lactic acid. However, its main technology is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calysta
Enterococcus malodoratusEnterococcus malodoratus
Holzapfel, W. H.; Wood, Brian J. B. (1995). The Genera of lactic acid bacteria. London: Blackie Academic & Professional. ISBN 0 ... It was during the 1980s that studies on fatty acid composition, nucleic acid hybridization, and comparative oligonucleotide ... In carbohydrate and raffinose broths, E. malodoratus forms acid. It does not form endospores thus separating it from bacilli ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_malodoratus
Muscle weaknessMuscle weakness
... producing lactic acid as a metabolic byproduct. Contrary to common belief, lactic acid accumulation doesn't actually cause the ... It was once believed that lactic acid build-up was the cause of muscle fatigue. The assumption was lactic acid had a "pickling ... The impact of lactic acid on performance is now uncertain, it may assist or hinder muscle fatigue.[citation needed] Produced as ... Lactic acid also has a negating effect on the chloride ions in the muscles, reducing their inhibition of contraction and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_weakness
LysolLysol
... antiseptic lactic acid as an antiseptic. hydrogen peroxide According to website, some of Lysol's products "have been tested by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysol
Lactobacillus collinoidesLactobacillus collinoides
... it produced lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol. When glycerol was present, lactic acid production was lower than expected and ... It is characterized by it ability to produce lactic acid as a by-product of glucose metabolism. Sugars are necessary for growth ... Lactobacillus collinoides is a rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria found in fermenting apple juice or cider. It is part ... "The genus Lactobacillus." The genera of lactic acid bacteria. Springer US, 1995. 19-54. Fred, E.B., Peterson, W.H., and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_collinoides
AntifreezeAntifreeze
Propylene glycol oxidizes to lactic acid. Besides cooling system corrosion, biological fouling also occurs. Once bacterial ... Certain cars are built with organic acid technology (OAT) antifreeze (e.g., DEX-COOL), or with a hybrid organic acid technology ... generating various compounds including organic acids (e.g., formic, oxalic, acetic). These acids accelerate the corrosion of ... When ethylene glycol is used in a system, it may become oxidized to five organic acids (formic, oxalic, glycolic, glyoxalic and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze
SCOBYSCOBY
Beer and wine also undergo fermentation with yeast, but the lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria components unique to ... into the liquid culture to convert the ethanol product of fermentation into organic acids such as lactic acid or acetic acid. ... and is formed after the completion of a unique fermentation process of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB), ... Acetic acid bacteria Lactic acid bacteria Villarreal-Soto, Silvia Alejandra; Beaufort, Sandra; Bouajila, Jalloul; Souchard, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCOBY
Globicatella sulfidifaciensGlobicatella sulfidifaciens
ISBN 978-0-387-68489-5. Holzapfel, Wilhelm H.; Wood, Brian J. B. (2014). Lactic Acid Bacteria: Biodiversity and Taxonomy. John ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globicatella_sulfidifaciens
William George MacCallumWilliam George MacCallum
Holzapfel, edited by Wilhelm (2014). Lactic acid bacteria : biodiversity and taxonomy. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ... He found in dogs that under gastric tetany, gastric hydrochloric acid was lost, and the chlorine in the blood plasma was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_George_MacCallum
Lactic acid - WikipediaLactic acid - Wikipedia
... lactic acid or (R)-lactic acid. A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL-lactic acid, or racemic lactic acid. Lactic ... Lactic acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers. One is known as L-(+)-lactic acid or (S)-lactic acid and the other, its ... D-Lactic acid and L-lactic acid have a higher melting point. Lactic acid produced by fermentation of milk is often racemic, ... Lactic acid is also responsible for the sour flavor of sourdough bread. In lists of nutritional information lactic acid might ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid
Lactic acid bacteria - WikipediaLactic acid bacteria - Wikipedia
The malolactic fermentation mechanism is mainly transformation of L-malic acid (dicarboxylic acid) to an lactic acid ( ... also produce lactic acid as the major product of carbohydrate metabolism. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are either rod-shaped ... produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation, giving them the common name lactic acid ... Gänzle MG (2015). "Lactic metabolism revisited: metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in food fermentations and food spoilage". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_bacteria
Lactic Acid: Myth vs. Fact | ACTIVELactic Acid: Myth vs. Fact | ACTIVE
But what is lactic acid? And is it really bad... ... of cycling on TV without hearing about the burning lactic acid ... These ideas also gave rise to the notion of the lactic acid burn and that lactic acid was responsible for fatigue during high ... You dont need to listen to pro-cycling commentary for very long before you hear that lactic acid is burning in the riders ... In the human body most lactic acid is present in the form of lactate. During vigorous exercise there is an increase in the ...
https://www.active.com/cycling/articles/lactic-acid-myth-vs-fact
Lactic acid test: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLactic acid test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells. It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for ... Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells. It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for ... A test can be done to measure the amount of lactic acid in the blood. ... fist or having the elastic band in place for a long time while having blood drawn can result in a false increase in lactic acid ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003507.htm
Lactic Acid Injections in Osteoarthritis | The BMJLactic Acid Injections in Osteoarthritis | The BMJ
Lactic Acid Injections in Osteoarthritis. Br Med J 1946; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4486.1007 (Published 28 December ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/2/4486/1007.1
Lactic acid | Define Lactic acid at Dictionary.comLactic acid | Define Lactic acid at Dictionary.com
Lactic acid definition, a colorless or yellowish, syrupy, water-soluble liquid, C 3 H 6 O 3 , produced during muscle ... lactic acid in Medicine Expand. lactic acid n. A syrupy, water-soluble liquid existing in three isomeric forms: one in muscle ... lactic acid. noun 1. a colourless syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and many fruits and used as a preservative (E270) ... Suspend the phosphate carefully in the distilled water, add the lactic acid, allow solution to go on for some minutes, and ...
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/lactic-acid?qsrc=2446
The Purpose of Lactic Acid TestingThe Purpose of Lactic Acid Testing
Under certain conditions lactic acid increases to critical levels. This is called lactic acidosis which can be a life ... Lactic acid is a by-product of normal muscle metabolism under conditions of low oxygen. ... What is Lactic Acid?. Lactic acids levels increase when there is decreased oxygen. An increase in lactic acid may be a result ... Other Testing Done With Lactic Acid. Lactic acid testing is primarily done to diagnose lactic acidosis, an acidic condition of ...
http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/76435.aspx
Lactic Acid.Lactic Acid.
... materia medica indications (symptoms) by T.F. Allen, Boericke, Clarke, Reversed & reworded Kent repertory and Nash ... Buy Lactic Acid. 30CBuy Lactic Acid. 200C. Lactic Acid. Popularity:. Sales rank: 264. ... Lactic Acid. Lacticum Acidum, Lactic Acid, Lactic-ac, Acidum lacticum. Available in 3C-30C, 200C, 2X-30X, 200X, 1M-10M from $ ... Lactic Acid. most popular Potencies. 30C. 200C. 6C. 6X. 30X. Homeopathic remedies are prescribed on the basis that in a tiny ...
http://abchomeopathy.com/r.php/Lact-ac
Lactic acid | Definition of Lactic acid at Dictionary.comLactic acid | Definition of Lactic acid at Dictionary.com
Lactic acid definition, a colorless or yellowish, syrupy, water-soluble liquid, C3H6O3, produced during muscle contraction as a ... lactic acid. lacteal, lacteous, lactescent, lacti-, lactic, lactic acid, lacticacidemia, lactiferous, lactiferous duct, ... lactic acid. *. Consequently, when lactic-acid fermentation is once developed a comparatively large amount of HCl is required ... Lactose6 is attacked by the lactic-acid bacteria and by them is changed to lactic acid. ...
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/lactic-acid
Blood Lactic AcidBlood Lactic Acid
... , Lactic Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis Definition, Lactic Acid. ... However, differential diagnosis of Lactic Acidosis is broad (see above). *Avoid ordering Lactic Acid in low risk patients (non- ... Lactic Acid may have more evidence for use in sick children (esp. Sepsis, Trauma) and their disposition. *Increased organ ... Lactic Acid clearance outside Sepsis does not uniformly improve with Intravenous Fluids. *Cardiogenic Shock can also increase ...
https://fpnotebook.com/mobile/Renal/Lab/BldLctcAcd.htm
Lactic acid - WikipediaLactic acid - Wikipedia
One is known as L-(+)-lactic acid or (S)-lactic acid and the other, its mirror image, is D-(−)-lactic acid or (R)-lactic acid. ... Related carboxylic acids. acetic acid. glycolic acid. propionic acid. 3-hydroxypropanoic acid. malonic acid. butyric acid. ... Chemistry and production of lactic acid, lactide and poly(lactic acid) in Poly(Lactic acid). Hoboken: Wiley. p. 3. ISBN 978-0- ... or racemic lactic acid.. Lactic acid is hygroscopic. DL-lactic acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Hydroxypropionic_acid
Lactic acid peels?Lactic acid peels?
We did a lactic acid peel and all I could think about was dont use water! But I could also be very wrong.. ... Lactic acid peels? EDS Skin Care Forums Forum Index » Skin Care and Makeup Forum. ... I feel like I recently read something about lactic acid re-activatinig with water for hours after a peel has been performed. I ... I have been using lactic acid peels for years and I have never had it reactivate. Once you wash it off completely with water it ...
http://www.essentialdayspa.com/forum/viewthread.php?tid=44510
Lactic Acid Blood Test: High vs. Low Levels, Normal RangeLactic Acid Blood Test: High vs. Low Levels, Normal Range
If your doctor suspects that this is the case, youll probably have a lactic acid blood test. ... Lactic acid is perfectly safe at low levels, but it can cause major problems when it builds up. ... Symptoms of Lactic Acidosis. Higher-than-normal lactic acid levels can lead to a condition called lactic acidosis. If its ... If your lactic acid level is normal, you dont have lactic acidosis. Your cells are making enough oxygen. It also tells your ...
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-a-lactic-acid-blood-test
Dry Skin Care Tips Announced by Skin Laboratory - Add Lactic Acid TreatmentDry Skin Care Tips Announced by Skin Laboratory - 'Add Lactic Acid Treatment'
Skin Laboratory recommends a peel containing lactic acid. The Lactic acid works as a natural humectant, pulling moisture from ... Dry Skin Care Tips Announced by Skin Laboratory - Add Lactic Acid Treatment. ... Moisturize often and use a lactic peel if you need to treat a skin condition but want to avoid drying out your skin. ...
http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/1/prweb10300360.htm
What is Lactic Acid? (with pictures)What is Lactic Acid? (with pictures)
Lactic acid is an acid that naturally forms in the body during exercise and is also present in some foods. Too much lactic acid ... Lactic acid is added to fizzy sodas and some fruit juices to regulate acidity. Lactic acid can extend the shelf life in meats, ... Lactic acid is also used as a pH regulator or a preservative. Lactic acid can sometimes be used as a flavoring agent. ... Lactic acid occurs naturally in some food. Natural fermentation creates lactic acid in in cheese, soy sauce, sourdough, meat ...
https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-lactic-acid.htm
Characterization of Extruded Poly(lactic acid)/Pecan Nutshell BiocompositesCharacterization of Extruded Poly(lactic acid)/Pecan Nutshell Biocomposites
... C. R. Álvarez-Chávez,1,2,3 D. L. Sánchez-Acosta,2 ... lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. The pecan nutshells contain polyphenols, proteins, tannins, sugars, and lipids; some of these ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijps/2017/3264098/abs/
Lactic Acid Market and Derivatives 2016 Forecasts (Global, China) in New Research ReportLactic Acid Market and Derivatives 2016 Forecasts (Global, China) in New Research Report
The Global and China Lactic Acid and Derivative Industry Report, 2014-2016 market research, published in October 2014, is ... Import and export of Chinese lactic acid and derivatives including polylactic acid, lactic acid, lactate salt and lactic ester; ... PURAC, Cargill and Henan Jindan Lactic Acid Technology Co., Ltd. as the worlds top three lactic acid manufacturers boasted a ... of total lactic acid consumption in 2013; China surpassed Western Europe to become the second largest lactic acid market, with ...
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lactic-acid-market-and-derivatives-2016-forecasts-global-china-in-new-research-report-279286152.html
Design of New Biomaterials from lactic acidDesign of New Biomaterials from lactic acid
... and require breaking the cyclic dimer of lactic acid "lactide" to obtain polylactic acid (PLA). The lactide is a renewable ... Design of New Biomaterials from lactic acid. 30.11.2007. Researchers from the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos have developed new ... Polymeric biomaterials derived from lactic acid have extensive uses in medical applications, especially in the context of ...
https://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-99259.html
Lactic acid - Substance Information - ECHALactic acid - Substance Information - ECHA
Lactic acid. Regulatory process names 3 Translated names 23 CAS names 1 IUPAC names 21 Other identifiers 7 ...
https://echa.europa.eu/bg/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.017
Pure Lactic Acid 90% PeelPure Lactic Acid 90% Peel
Can someone please help me, out on how to dilute the acid? This is going to be my first skin peel attempt... Im thining on ... I am new here and I am looking for some suggestions on Pure Lactic Acid 90% to do a full body peel. ... Lactic acid peel with 90% pure lactic acid. [ 2 Answers ] I am trying to make a 40% lactic acid peel with 90% pure lactic acid ... Pure Lactic Acid 90% Peel Hi, everyone. I am new here and I am looking for some suggestions on Pure Lactic Acid 90% to do a ...
https://www.askmehelpdesk.com/beauty/pure-lactic-acid-90-peel-810985.html
Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, and Potassium Bitartrate Vaginal Contraceptive: MedlinePlus Drug InformationLactic Acid, Citric Acid, and Potassium Bitartrate Vaginal Contraceptive: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Citric Acid, and Potassium Bitartrate Vaginal Contraceptive: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on ... citric acid, and potassium bitartrate, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in lactic acid, citric acid, and ... Lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate vaginal gel may be applied after your doctor has told you that it is safe to ... To use the lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate vaginal gel, follow these steps: *Wash your hands with soap and ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a620047.html
Ripening to convert ferment milk sugars to lactic acid : ButterRipening to convert ferment milk sugars to lactic acid : Butter
The bacteria are from the Bacilli type of Lactobacillales which includes Streptococcaceae (parent of Streptococcus and lactic ... The colder the temperature during ripening the more the flavor development relative to acid production. Ripened butter is ...
http://www.webexhibits.org/butter/culturing.html
Lactic Acid | STACKLactic Acid | STACK
Return to main Lactic Acid page Does Lactic Acid Really Make You Sore? Weve all experienced it: the ache that hurts so good ... 5 Brutal Sprint Drills That Push the Lactic Threshold The Five Most Painful Lactic Threshold Speed Sessions Lactic threshold ... For a long time lactic acid was bad news. Many people still see it this way, and rightfully so. But since its discovery in the ... and lactic tolerance are important for anyone who sprints. Whether you are a... ...
https://www.stack.com/ta/lactic-acid
Lactic acid bacteriaLactic acid bacteria
... acid tolerant, non-sporulating, non-respiring rod or cocci that ... Lactic acid bacteria The Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) comprise a ... The Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) comprise a clade of Gram positive, low-GC, acid tolerant, non-sporulating, non-respiring rod or ... These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and lactic products produce lactic acid as the major metabolic endproduct ... as they can withstand the increased acidity from organic acid production (e.g. lactic acid). Laboratory media used for LAB ...
https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Lactic_acid_bacteria.html
R)-lactic acid - Registration Dossier - ECHAR)-lactic acid - Registration Dossier - ECHA
100 mg/L lactic acid (nomical formulation, nominal active is 88 mg/L) is not inhibiting to activated sludge. ...
https://echa.europa.eu/it/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/12317/6/2/8
Lactic Acid and Skin Texture | HowStuffWorksLactic Acid and Skin Texture | HowStuffWorks
Lactic acid and skin texture are closely linked. Visit HowStuffWorks to learn about lactic acid and skin texture. ... Lactic acid is considered one of the best AHAs to use, because most AHAs can often be irritating to the skin. Lactic acid is ... As an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), lactic acid is a member of a well-known family of exfoliants. As such, it improves skins ... Consequently, lactic acid often works well as a wrinkle and line reducer and helps to even out skin tone and diminish acne ...
https://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/beauty/lactic-acid-skin-care1.htm
Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment - SUNDAY RILEY | SephoraGood Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment - SUNDAY RILEY | Sephora
Shop SUNDAY RILEYs Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment at Sephora. This all-in-one AHA Treatment clarifies, and ... What it is: An all-in-one AHA treatment, powered by lactic acid, that clarifies, smooths, and retexturizes the appearance of ... Purified Lactic Acid: Hydrates and exfoliates the surface layers of the skin, revealing a more clarified, fresher, smoother, ... Formulated with high potency, purified grade lactic acid, it exfoliates the dull surface of the skin for clarity, radiance, and ...
https://www.sephora.com/product/good-genes-all-in-one-lactic-acid-treatment-P309308?skuId=1887298&icid2=products%20grid:p309308
Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment - SUNDAY RILEY | SephoraGood Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment - SUNDAY RILEY | Sephora
Shop Sunday Rileys Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment at Sephora. It exfoliates to reveal a smoother, radiant, and ... Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment is formulated with high potency, purified grade lactic acid that immediately ... A clarifying, line smoothing lactic acid treatment. Solutions for: - Dullness and uneven texture - Dark spots - Fine lines and ... High Potency, Purified Grade Lactic Acid: Exfoliates dull, pore-clogging dead skin cells to instantly clarify and reveal ...
https://www.sephora.com/product/good-genes-all-in-one-lactic-acid-treatment-P309308?skuId=1418581&icid2=sundayriley_bestsellers_us_productcarousel_ufe:p309308:product
FermentationAcidosisAmount of lactic acid2016Grade lactic acidPolyPyruvateSpoiled with lactic acid bacProbioticPeelMusclesIncrease in lactic acidLactate and Lactic AcidMisconceptions about lactic acidLactobacillusGlycolic and lacticGlobal lactic acidMilkCarbon dioxideOrganic acidsGlucoseAnaerobicSkincareTotal lacticProductionConcentrationMuscle sorenessNeutraliseAlpha hydroAccumulationDehydrogenasePolylactic AcidSalicylicOxygenEstersCitricMetabolicAceticPeelsIncreasesCommonlyLight micrographBiochemicalBuildupMake You SoreFermentHyaluronic AcidFormulationSymptomsHeterofermentativeYeastHydrogen ionsCarbohydrate metabolismCarboxylicPrimarilyLiverSourSparge waterProduceExfoliates
Fermentation22
  • In industry, lactic acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria , which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose , sucrose , or galactose to lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cheese makers also often add cultures or lactic acid to their milk to keep it from spoiling during fermentation. (dictionary.com)
  • Consequently, when lactic-acid fermentation is once developed a comparatively large amount of HCl is required to arrest it. (dictionary.com)
  • Lactic acid is produced industrially by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (sugar, starch) or by chemical synthesis from acetaldehyde , that is available from coal or crude oil. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] In 2009 lactic acid was produced predominantly (70-90%) [13] by fermentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Production of racemic lactic acid consisting of a 1:1 mixture of D and L stereoisomers, or of mixtures with up to 99.9% L-lactic acid, is possible by microbial fermentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This acid can also be found in certain dairy products, such as yogurt , as well as sourdough breads and some beers and wines as a result of fermentation. (wisegeek.com)
  • Beer and wine sometimes include bacteria that produces this acid, which can help eliminate other, somewhat unpleasant flavors produced during fermentation. (wisegeek.com)
  • Lactic acid produced by fermentation of milk is often racemic, although certain species of bacteria produce solely (R)-lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Industrial scale production of D-lactic acid by fermentation is possible, but much more challenging. (wikipedia.org)
  • These bacteria , usually found in decomposing plants and lactic products produce lactic acid as the major metabolic endproduct of carbohydrate fermentation. (bionity.com)
  • This aspect partially enables LAB to outcompete other bacteria in a natural fermentation , as they can withstand the increased acidity from organic acid production (e.g. lactic acid ). (bionity.com)
  • When your muscles can't get enough oxygen during a short burst of exercise, they start to make use of a pathway called lactic acid fermentation, which generates a small three-carbon compound called lactic acid or lactate as a byproduct of glucose breakdown. (livestrong.com)
  • Your muscles ultimately gain less energy from glucose breakdown and lactic acid fermentation than your liver must expend to make the lactate back into glucose. (livestrong.com)
  • At times like these, lactic acid fermentation becomes the only way your muscles can keep metabolizing glucose for fuel. (livestrong.com)
  • The commercial production of lactic acid is typically done by fermentation. (jungbunzlauer.com)
  • Because the L(+) form is preferred for its better metabolisation, Jungbunzlauer has chosen to produce pure L(+)-lactic acid by traditional fermentation of natural carbohydrates. (jungbunzlauer.com)
  • A few years ago, I was asked to explain lactic acid fermentation in sourdough, and the difference between homo- and heterofermentation. (thefreshloaf.com)
  • Homo- , meaning "all the same," refers to the end product of fermentation (by lactic acid bacteria), which is only, or "all" lactic acid. (thefreshloaf.com)
  • Fermentation with lactic acid bacteria is not an exact science, and one brand of beer may have different levels of sourness from batch to batch or from year to year. (morebeer.com)
  • After that, lactic acid bacteria, dominated by Pediococcus damnosus, provide lactic acid fermentation for 4-5 months. (morebeer.com)
  • Lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid during the process of fermentation. (sciencephoto.com)
Acidosis16
  • This test is most often done to diagnose lactic acidosis . (medlineplus.gov)
  • What are the implications of lactic acidosis? (medlineplus.gov)
  • The purpose of the lactic acid test is to diagnose lactic acidosis. (brighthub.com)
  • Lactic acidosis can result from a number of diseases affecting the heart, liver, and kidneys. (brighthub.com)
  • Lactic acid testing is primarily done to diagnose lactic acidosis, an acidic condition of the body that can compromise many systems and organs. (brighthub.com)
  • Higher-than-normal lactic acid levels can lead to a condition called lactic acidosis . (webmd.com)
  • If your lactic acid level is normal, you don't have lactic acidosis. (webmd.com)
  • It also tells your doctor that something other than lactic acidosis is causing your symptoms. (webmd.com)
  • Very high levels of lactic acid can cause a serious, sometimes life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis . (wisegeek.com)
  • While extreme over-exercising and overheating can result in lactic acidosis, it can also be caused by alcohol poisoning, liver disease, and a lack of oxygen, due to something like carbon monoxide poisoning. (wisegeek.com)
  • Lactic acidosis refers to the abnormal build-up of lactic acid in the body. (petmd.com)
  • The recommended treatment for lactic acidosis will be dependent upon the underlying medical condition that is causing the lactic acid to build up. (petmd.com)
  • Most signs of lactic acidosis are related to the underlying cause of the medical condition and not the actual condition. (petmd.com)
  • One of the primary causes of lactic acidosis is an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood or poor use of oxygen by the body. (petmd.com)
  • It is a common misnomer that Lactic Acid is the cause of fatigue and cessation of high intensity exercise, yet training plans built around your individual Lactate Threshold are highly effective despite the debunking of the "Lactic Acidosis" rationale. (pezcyclingnews.com)
  • Lactid acid level may be measured in the bloodstream in conditions of metabolic acidosis . (biology-online.org)
Amount of lactic acid4
  • A test can be done to measure the amount of lactic acid in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It's a test that measures the amount of lactic acid (also called "lactate") in your blood . (webmd.com)
  • 1986) [1] found that the normal amount of lactic acid circulating in the blood is about 1 to 2 millimoles/litre of blood. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Lactobacillus helveticus R reached the highest antimicrobial activity by the production of the largest amount of lactic acid, while L. lactis 140/2 achieved that by the complex of produced organic acids. (springer.com)
20166
  • The Global and China Lactic Acid and Derivative Industry Report, 2014-2016 market research, published in October 2014 , is spread across 66 pages, discusses 19 companies and it's market analysis is supported with 65+ charts. (prnewswire.com)
  • Varsha KK, Nampoothiri KM (2016) Appraisal of lactic acid bacteria as protective cultures. (springer.com)
  • Di Gioia D, Mazzola G, Nikodinoska I, Aloisio I, Landerholc T, Rossi M, Raimondi S, Melero B, Rovira J (2016) Lactic acid bacteria as protective cultures in fermented pork meat to prevent Clostridium spp. (springer.com)
  • The report titled "Global Lactic Acid and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Market Research Report 2016" studies about the global market scenario of lactic and polylactic acid. (pr.com)
  • Research and Markets has announced the addition of the 'D-Lactic Acid (CAS 10326-41-7) Market Research Report 2016' report to their offering. (prnewswire.co.uk)
  • This Global Report 2016 is a result of industry experts' diligent work on researching the world market of d-lactic acid. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Grade lactic acid3
  • Formulated with high potency, purified grade lactic acid, it exfoliates the dull surface of the skin for clarity, radiance, and younger-looking skin. (sephora.com)
  • Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment is formulated with high potency, purified grade lactic acid that immediately exfoliates dull, pore-clogging dead skin cells, revealing smoother, fresher, younger-looking skin. (sephora.com)
  • High Potency, Purified Grade Lactic Acid: Exfoliates dull, pore-clogging dead skin cells to instantly clarify and reveal smoother, clearer, younger-looking skin, while fighting visible signs of hyperpigmentation. (sephora.com)
Poly11
  • Pecan nutshells are a solid form of waste obtained from the pecan nut production and they have been explored as an inexpensive filler for incorporation by melt blending into the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. (hindawi.com)
  • siRNA-chitosan complexes in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for the silencing of aquaporin-1 in cancer cells," Molecular Pharmaceutics , vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 3186-3194, 2013. (hindawi.com)
  • Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid/Solutol HS15-Based Nanoparticles fo. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • Poly(lacticco-glycolic) acid (PLGA) is one of representative biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, and polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate (Solutol HS15) is a nonionic solubilizer and emulsifying agent. (ingentaconnect.com)
  • Synthetic biodegradable polymers including poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are attractive cell culture substrates because their surfaces can be micropatterned to support cell adhesion. (nature.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a self-aggregated nanoparticulate vehicle using an amphiphilic poly(lactic acid)-grafted-chitosan (PLA-g-CS) copolymer and to evaluate its potential for ocular delivery of amphotericin B. (dovepress.com)
  • Geographically, it is observed that, North America is the largest market for global lactic acid & poly lactic acid market owing to high concentration of related industries in this region. (pr.com)
  • The aim of our research was to produce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibres with diameters in the micrometer size range, serving as the reinforcing phase in self-reinforced (SR) PLA composites. (mdpi.com)
  • Poly-L-Lactic acid (PLLA) blended with chitosan and collagen was used to fabricate a conduit for blood vessel engineering through an electrospinning process. (mdpi.com)
  • Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used as delivery carriers for anticancer drugs. (aiche.org)
  • Natural polyelectrolyte multilayers of chitosan (CHI) and alginate (ALG) were alternately deposited on doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) with layer by layer self-assembly to control drug release for antitumor activity. (dovepress.com)
Pyruvate6
  • The test procedure involves the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate using LDH (lactic dehydrogenase) as a catalyst for the reaction. (brighthub.com)
  • Through a complex process known as glycolysis , glycogen in the muscles breaks down into glucose and then into pyruvate or pyruvic acid . (wisegeek.com)
  • Under these conditions, the excess pyruvate produces lactic acid, which helps generate short-term bursts of energy. (wisegeek.com)
  • Intracellular redox balance is maintained through the oxidation of NADH , concomitant with pyruvate reduction to lactic acid. (bionity.com)
  • Later on while you are resting, your liver is busy oxidizing the lactic acid to pyruvate through a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme called lactate dehydrogenase. (livestrong.com)
  • In the subsequent pyruvate metabolism, Fe 3+ also increased lactate dehydrogenase activity, and inhibited alcohol dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase, thereby increasing the lactic acid production to 9.03 g l −1 , an increase of 8% compared with the control. (wiley.com)
Spoiled with lactic acid bac1
  • Every day, food processors, retailers and consumers are forced to throw out food spoiled with lactic acid bacteria. (3m.co.uk)
Probiotic2
  • Šušković J, Kos B, Beganović J, Leboš Pavunc A, Habjanič K, Matošić S (2010) Antimicrobial activity-the most important property of probiotic and starter lactic acid bacteria. (springer.com)
  • Commonly used probiotic bacteria belong to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) family i.e. (protocol-online.org)
Peel15
  • I feel like I recently read something about lactic acid re-activatinig with water for hours after a peel has been performed. (essentialdayspa.com)
  • We did a lactic acid peel and all I could think about was don't use water! (essentialdayspa.com)
  • With hindsight I do believe I have had reactivation with my last lactic peel when I pushed the boundaries percentage wise. (essentialdayspa.com)
  • Skin Laboratory recommends a peel containing lactic acid. (prweb.com)
  • Moisturize often and use a lactic peel if you need to treat a skin condition but want to avoid drying out your skin. (prweb.com)
  • I am new here and I am looking for some suggestions on Pure Lactic Acid 90% to do a full body peel. (askmehelpdesk.com)
  • Lactic acid peel with 90% pure lactic acid. (askmehelpdesk.com)
  • I am trying to make a 40% lactic acid peel with 90% pure lactic acid. (askmehelpdesk.com)
  • Should I do a lactic acid peel first? (askmehelpdesk.com)
  • Glycolic or lactic peel what's the best? (askmehelpdesk.com)
  • So I never did a peel before and I tried retin a with so much success I was so happy.But now I would like to try glycolic or lactic peel and I'm a little scared. (askmehelpdesk.com)
  • A lactic acid peel may cause a sunburn-like sensation accompanied by redness and flaking, which can range from mild to severe based on the strength of the peel. (livestrong.com)
  • A gentle lotion or cream may be applied following a lactic acid peel to help soothe the skin. (livestrong.com)
  • If scarring does occur following a lactic acid peel, it can usually be successfully treated, notes the AAD. (livestrong.com)
  • AHAs help to gently peel away dead cells to unveil a new, glowing layer, while also moisturizing by signaling skin cells to increase their hyaluronic acid deposition, hydrating the skin from the inside out. (prioriskincare.com)
Muscles16
  • In 1808, Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovered that lactic acid (actually L -lactate) also is produced in muscles during exertion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscles and other tissues commonly produce lactic acid, even while at rest. (wisegeek.com)
  • During prolonged strenuous activity, the high amounts of lactic acid may produce hydrogen ions that cause burning sensations in muscles. (wisegeek.com)
  • The process of lactic acid removal takes approximately one hour, but this can be accelerated by undertaking an appropriate cool down that ensures a rapid and continuous supply of oxygen to the muscles. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • On the other hand, lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration in animal muscles has the (S) configuration and is sometimes called "sarcolactic" acid, from the Greek "sarx" for flesh. (wikipedia.org)
  • Below is a slide from a classic study done in the late 1930s from the Harvard Fatigue Lab showing how fast lactic acid disappears from your blood (and muscles) after exercise. (si.com)
  • Dr. Brooks has led the way in showing a number of things, including that under most circumstances lactic acid is not caused by lack of oxygen, or "anaerobic" conditions, in exercising muscles. (si.com)
  • He and other colleagues have also shown that the lactate part of lactic acid can actually be a fuel for muscles and the heart and that the acid part of lactic acid is not the cause of fatigue. (si.com)
  • Lactic acid is a substance that is produced by the muscles during normal physical activity, and which is elevated during exercise. (petmd.com)
  • The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles has long been incorrectly associated with fatigue during exercise, as well being linked with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) . (lesmills.com)
  • The acid is what makes your muscles hurt. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Lactic acid builds up in the muscle tissue and causes the fatigue and soreness you feel in your exercising muscles. (howstuffworks.com)
  • For years, we've been told by coaches, trainers and science teachers that lactic acid causes our muscles to ache and tire when we exercise intensely. (dailyburn.com)
  • Researchers concluded that the accumulation of lactic acid - and the increasing acidic environment in our muscles - is what causes muscle fatigue and failure. (dailyburn.com)
  • Berkeley -- In the lore of marathoners and extreme athletes, lactic acid is poison, a waste product that builds up in the muscles and leads to muscle fatigue, reduced performance and pain. (eurekalert.org)
  • Lactate is an interesting choice, because not only can it neutralise acid produced in the muscles, but in doing so, it can also provide the body with more energy, making it more useful than bicarbonate alone. (mrsupplement.com.au)
Increase in lactic acid3
  • Exercise can cause a temporary increase in lactic acid levels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Clenching the fist or having the elastic band in place for a long time while having blood drawn can result in a false increase in lactic acid level. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An increase in lactic acid may be a result of anaerobic exercise such as sprinting or heavy weight lifting or a disease. (brighthub.com)
Lactate and Lactic Acid1
  • Lactate and Lactic Acid production are routinely offered as the seemingly natural cause and effect parameters that cause fatigue and decrease in performance, but are they really the source of the problem? (pezcyclingnews.com)
Misconceptions about lactic acid1
  • Encapsulated in these comments are a whole bunch of misconceptions about lactic acid, fatigue and even recovery. (si.com)
Lactobacillus4
  • In 1856, the role of Lactobacillus in the synthesis of lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1856, Louis Pasteur discovered Lactobacillus and its role in the making of lactic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lactic acid producing bacteria can be divided in two classes: homofermentative bacteria like Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis, producing two moles of lactate from one mole of glucose, and heterofermentative species producing one mole of lactate from one mole of glucose as well as carbon dioxide and acetic acid/ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consistent with two other closely related species of the "acidophilus" complex, L. johnsonii and Lactobacillus gasseri , the organism lacked biosynthetic capacity for most vitamins and amino acids, but encoded considerable transporter and fermentative capacities, expected for organism's residing within the nutrient rich conditions of upper GI tract. (pnas.org)
Glycolic and lactic2
  • Loaded with a concentrated multi-source alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) complex-including glycolic and lactic acids-and microalgae, this potent retexturizing gel formula is designed for daily use, so you can see the results of continued healthy exfoliation night after night. (olehenriksen.com)
  • From salicylic acid to glycolic and lactic. (mamamia.com.au)
Global lactic acid1
  • Global lactic acid market consumption has been growing steadily and rapidly since 2008, and the market capacity has arrived at 800,000 tons in 2013. (prnewswire.com)
Milk12
  • Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first person to isolate lactic acid in 1780 from sour milk . (wikipedia.org)
  • It is said that milk fresh from the cow manifests the presence of lactic acid . (dictionary.com)
  • a colourless syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and many fruits and used as a preservative ( E270 ) for foodstuffs, such as soft margarine, and for making pharmaceuticals and adhesives. (dictionary.com)
  • A syrupy, water-soluble organic acid produced when milk sours or certain fruits ferment. (dictionary.com)
  • Lactic acid was isolated for the first time by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1780 from sour milk . (wikipedia.org)
  • Lactic acid, also known as 2-hydroxypropanoic or milk acid, is a compound formed when glucose is broken down under certain conditions in a living creature or by some types of bacteria. (wisegeek.com)
  • Certain types of bacteria added to milk, for example, produce the acid, which helps create the texture and tartness found in yogurt. (wisegeek.com)
  • Derived mostly from milk, lactic acid is a great anti-ageing ingredient but is also good for acne. (mamamia.com.au)
  • 3) A clear, odorless, hygroscopic organic acid abundant in many fruits, wine and sour milk. (biology-online.org)
  • Lactic acid comes from lactose found in milk, and it's one of the gentler acids while being the most moisturizing, making it the premier choice for those with sensitive or aging skin. (prioriskincare.com)
  • The isolation of lactic acid bacteria from raw and pasteurized milk is discussed. (dairyscience.info)
  • It can be challenging to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from raw milk that has been refrigerated without pre-incubation since the flora tends to be dominated by Gram-negative bacteria and the LAB are present in low numbers. (dairyscience.info)
Carbon dioxide4
  • The lactic acid along with carbon dioxide builds up in the bloodstream as it cannot be cleared through the lungs. (brighthub.com)
  • 65% of lactic acid is converted to carbon dioxide and water, 20% into glycogen, 10% into Protein and 5% into glucose. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Through respiration, glucose and oxygen are turned into carbon dioxide and water via the Krebs cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid or TCA cycle. (thefreshloaf.com)
  • As lactic acid bacteria, heterofermentative LAB produce lactic acid, but they also produce carbon dioxide gas, alcohol or acetic acid as well. (thefreshloaf.com)
Organic acids3
  • Bacteria produce organic acids that contribute, for good and bad, to the quality of bread. (thefreshloaf.com)
  • Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Water-soluble organic acids derived from fruit or other kinds of food, glycolic, lactic and citrus are among the most popular types of AHAs. (prioriskincare.com)
Glucose7
  • One common use for lactic acid in a human body is the formation of glucose. (wisegeek.com)
  • Moderate amounts of this acid can move through someone's blood stream and reach the liver, where it undergoes a process called gluconeogenesis to become glucose. (wisegeek.com)
  • Lactic acid is not useful to your muscle cells, but your liver turns it back into glucose later on after exercise. (livestrong.com)
  • The liver also needs to turn the lactic acid into glucose. (livestrong.com)
  • Then the cell uses anaerobic metabolism (anaerobic means 'without oxygen') to make ATP and a byproduct called lactic acid from the glucose. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The theory is that when the body breaks down glucose for energy, it produces lactic acid as a by-product. (dailyburn.com)
  • In synthetic medium, 60.6% of the glucose entered the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) to produce lactic acid, whereas 36.4% of the glucose entered the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway (HMP). (wiley.com)
Anaerobic5
  • Under conditions of anaerobic activity such as heavy exercise, the body will adjust and re-establish equilibrium once the exercise is discontinued, clearing the system of excess lactic acid. (brighthub.com)
  • The lactic acid system is capable of releasing energy to resynthesise ATP without the involvement of oxygen and is called anaerobic glycolysis. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • This point is often measured as the lactic threshold or anaerobic threshold (AT) or onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). (brianmac.co.uk)
  • Introducing the first self contained anaerobic plates for lactic acid bacteria testing: 3M™ Petrifilm™ Lactic Acid Bacteria Count Plates. (3m.co.uk)
  • The self contained anaerobic environment in this plate enhances the recovery of lactic acid bacteria, providing fast, accurate results for effective control of product quality and shelf life. (3m.co.uk)
Skincare4
  • When infused into skincare to be applied topically, this acid gently resurfaces skin to remove the build-up of dull, dead skin cells to reveal a brighter, smoother, younger-looking complexion. (totalbeauty.com)
  • So, whether you apply it at night to boost your beauty sleep, or before applying foundation to create the smoothest base possible, lactic acid is one of those magical skincare ingredients that definitely deserves a spot in your routine. (totalbeauty.com)
  • 3 acid skincare products you need. (mamamia.com.au)
  • I know this all may be just a bit intimidating, but remember this: the best way to incorporate an AHA like lactic acid into your skincare routine is to start with small concentrations and work your way up. (prioriskincare.com)
Total lactic1
  • The 3M™ Petrifilm™ Lactic Acid Bacteria Count Plate is a time-saving, sample-ready plate designed to determine total lactic acid bacteria populations in food and environmental samples. (3m.co.uk)
Production27
  • In the absence of oxygen, carbohydrate metabolism results in lactic acid production. (brighthub.com)
  • Cargill mainly supplies lactic acid products to its subsidiary - NatureWorks for production of polylactic acid. (prnewswire.com)
  • Since the smooth realization of industrial production in the 1990s, polylactic acid has seen incremental application in biomedicinel, automotive, electronics and other fields, accompanied by intensified development efforts in various countries. (prnewswire.com)
  • Polylactic acid industry started relatively late in China , seeing gradual transition from laboratory to pilot industrial-production units only after 1990s. (prnewswire.com)
  • As a starting material for industrial production of lactic acid, almost any carbohydrate source containing C5 and C6 sugars can be used. (wikipedia.org)
  • The colder the temperature during ripening the more the flavor development relative to acid production. (webexhibits.org)
  • Production of lactic acid has linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nine two-component regulatory systems were predicted, some associated with determinants implicated in bacteriocin production and acid tolerance. (pnas.org)
  • In a normal functioning body, the liver and the kidneys work to maintain the balance between lactic acid production and its removal. (petmd.com)
  • But what if, rather than hindering your performance, the production of lactic acid in fact makes you a better athlete? (lesmills.com)
  • Rattanachaikunsopon P, Phumkhachorn P (2010) Lactic acid bacteria: their antimicrobial compounds and their uses in food production. (springer.com)
  • Blagojev N, Škrinjar M, Veskovic-Moračanin S, Šošo V (2012) Control of mould growth and mycotoxin production by lactic acid bacteria metabolites. (springer.com)
  • Dr. Sokolovas has been the leading researcher on the impacts of lactic acid production in elite athletes. (directsellingnews.com)
  • 3M science brings you a better way to test for lactic acid bacteria in your food products, raw materials and production environment without the hassle of traditional agar methods - 3M™ Petrifilm™ Lactic Acid Bacteria Count Plates. (3m.co.uk)
  • The aim of this study was lo determine the effects of 3 wk of daily rinsing with amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2) mouthrinse on plaque formation at buccal and interproximal sites, and on the acid production in plaque. (tudelft.nl)
  • The results at baseline showed higher lactic acid concentrations in resting interproximal plaque than in buccal plaque, and a higher acid production in response to sucrose challenge in buccal plaque than in interproximal plaque. (tudelft.nl)
  • If you've read anything about training in the last ten years you've probably come across the idea of Lactate Threshold and a discussion of how lactic acid production limits performance. (pezcyclingnews.com)
  • As exercise intensity increases lactic acid production rises at a rate that, eventually, overwhelms the bodies ability to buffer this build-up and a decrease in performance naturally follows. (pezcyclingnews.com)
  • Controlling acid balance and degree of sourness is something that artisan bakers strive to do, so it may be useful to understand where the acids come from and how their production can be influenced by things that are within the baker's control. (thefreshloaf.com)
  • Last month we looked at the intricacies of Lactic Acid/Lactate production and its role in limiting performance. (pezcyclingnews.com)
  • The short summary of that article is to say that Lactic Acid production is NOT the limiter in high intensity exercise, and the science behind that belief was founded on an inferred cause and effect relationship between lactate production and cessation of exercise that, ultimately, proved to be untrue. (pezcyclingnews.com)
  • The company now boasts a lactic acid and lactates production capacity of more than 18,000 tons. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
  • Though, lactic acid is used in the production of PLA plastics that are mainly used in packaging products that comply with environmental customs. (pr.com)
  • Governments across the globe have imposed ban on the use of plastic bags and also provide incentives for polylactic acid production process. (pr.com)
  • Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in the production of fermented food by dairy and wine industries. (europa.eu)
  • Decarboxylation of did- and tricarboxylic acids by LAB is a desirable step resulting in the production of compounds which enhance the organoleptic properties and/or the stability of the finished products .However, decarboxylation of amino acids (e.g. histamine, tyrosine) leads tithe production of bioorganic amines (BA) (e.g. histamine , tramline) which have undesirable toxic properties. (europa.eu)
  • However, the addition of Zn 2+ showed an opposite effect, decreasing the lactic acid production. (wiley.com)
Concentration6
  • Blood lactic acid concentration was measured before and during 45 minutes of treadmill running, one time on the level and once at a minus 10%(downhill) incline. (si.com)
  • Blood lactic acid concentration and subjective sensations of muscular soreness were assessed at intervals for 72 hours after the runs. (si.com)
  • Lactic acid concentration was significantly increased during running on the level, but subjects experienced no significant post exercise muscular soreness. (si.com)
  • To convert Eq to an actual amount of acid/base its molar weight, number of hydrogen ions donated/absorbed and its concentration needs to be known. (thebrewingnetwork.com)
  • The lactic acid we commonly use has a concentration of 88% by weight and 1 Eq of that weighs 102 g. 1 mEq weighs 0.102 g. (thebrewingnetwork.com)
  • Our LCA complex line provides a buffered concentration of lactic acid, mixed with vitamins A, C, E, and Pro A (we call this mix the Multi-Functional Antioxidant Sequence, or MFAS). (prioriskincare.com)
Muscle soreness6
  • A widespread belief among some people is that ongoing muscle soreness following an intense workout is due to a buildup of lactic acid. (wisegeek.com)
  • A long-standing theory about exercise cool-down is that it plays a role in preventing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) by flushing lactic acid f. (stack.com)
  • There's a big difference between lactic acid and lactate and understanding the disparity will impact your body's muscle soreness, recovery, fatigue and more. (si.com)
  • Back in the 1980s, a study was done to intentionally make people sore for 72 hours after exercise by having them run downhill, and that was how the authors answered the question, "Is Lactic acid related to delayed-onset muscle soreness? (si.com)
  • Results indicated that lactic acid is not related to exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness. (si.com)
  • When it comes to athletic performance, lactic acid has historically been viewed as the enemy - the culprit behind DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) and fatigue. (lesmills.com)
Neutralise1
  • I have very sensitive skin, always neutralise lactic acid with water and never had stinging at any time after rinsing. (essentialdayspa.com)
Alpha hydro5
  • But, magic it is -- at least when it comes in the form of one of our very favorite skin-renewing alpha hydroxy acids, lactic acid. (totalbeauty.com)
  • Alpha hydroxy acids are a type of chemical exfoliants (along with beta hydroxy acids) that work to resurface skin. (totalbeauty.com)
  • Where alpha hydroxy acids work on the skin's surface and are water soluble, beta hydroxy acids work both on the skin's surface and deep within the pore, and are oil soluble. (totalbeauty.com)
  • α-Hydroxy acids, or alpha hydroxy acids , are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • There are two classes of Hydroxy Acids: you've got your Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) and your Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs). (mamamia.com.au)
Accumulation1
  • The accumulation of lactic acid can be critical, so a lactic acid test may be done for the purpose of identifying acidic conditions in the body. (brighthub.com)
Dehydrogenase1
  • Relying on the graphene-modified transducer, l -lactic dehydrogenase ( l -LDH) was successfully immobilised in a 1 % Nafion ® membrane. (springer.com)
Polylactic Acid8
  • Polylactic acid is one of the most potential applications of lactic acid. (prnewswire.com)
  • Currently, leading polylactic acid manufacturers are concentrated in the United States , the Netherlands , Germany and other developed countries. (prnewswire.com)
  • In 2013, global polylactic acid capacity hovered around 320,000 tons, of which 90% came from six major manufacturers. (prnewswire.com)
  • In 2014 China's polylactic acid capacity was approximately 13,700 tons, increasing by 4,800 tons over 2008. (prnewswire.com)
  • These new materials are obtained through molecular catalysis, and require breaking the cyclic dimer of lactic acid "lactide" to obtain polylactic acid (PLA). (innovations-report.com)
  • Its also contain global market scenario of lactic and polylactic acid including Some of the key regions. (pr.com)
  • Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-degradable thermoplastic polyester produced from lactic acid using various crops like corn, sugarcane, tapioca etc. (pr.com)
  • Just like other sustainable bioplastics, polylactic acid market has enormous potential to be used in several packaging applications of food, beverages and other consumer products that have small shelf-life. (pr.com)
Salicylic3
  • LEIGH CAMPBELL: From salicylic to glycolic, acid is skincare's new buzz word. (mamamia.com.au)
  • Originating from the bark of a tree, Salicylic is the go-to acid to treat acne and breakouts. (mamamia.com.au)
  • A mixture of Lactic Acid and Salicylic Acids produces botanical vine like crystalline formations. (sciencephoto.com)
Oxygen2
  • Lactic acids levels increase when there is decreased oxygen. (brighthub.com)
  • Level of lactic acid rises during conditions of oxygen deprivation, such as shock, heart failure, and lung disease. (biology-online.org)
Esters1
  • Compared to traditional Berliner Weisse, this modern version is less sour, presenting only lactic acid and no esters. (morebeer.com)
Citric12
  • The combination of lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate is used to prevent pregnancy when used just before vaginal sex in women who can become pregnant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The combination of lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate is in a class of medications called non-hormonal contraceptives. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate may prevent pregnancy, but this medication will not prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]) and other sexually transmitted diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The combination of lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate comes as a gel in a pre-filled applicator to be applied into the vagina. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate vaginal gel may be used at any time during the menstrual cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate vaginal gel may be applied after your doctor has told you that it is safe to resume vaginal intercourse after childbirth, abortion, or miscarriage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you or your sexual partner are allergic to lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate vaginal gel. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this case, the acetyl-CoA will feed into a biochemical pathway called the citric acid cycle, and your liver cell will use the energy it extracts by oxidizing these carbons to store energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate or ATP. (livestrong.com)
  • The tested LAB strains appeared to produce and excrete natural antimicrobial compounds such as ethanol (0.27-0.87%), lactic (5.6-19.9 g/L), citric (0.3-3.3 g/L), benzoic (0.2-1.8 mg/L), and sorbic (0.1-1.2 mg/L) acids. (springer.com)
  • The individual LAB strain showed strain-specific abilities to produce individual compounds: citric acid was observed for Streptococcus thermophilus 43, sorbic acid for Lactococcus lactis 140/2, and diacetyl for other L. lactis strains. (springer.com)
  • Swiss-based Jungbunzlauer has also recently increased the price of its citric acid products. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
  • Made out of, you guessed it, citric fruits, citric acid is used to treat the same concerns as glycolic. (mamamia.com.au)
Metabolic5
  • The Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) comprise a clade of Gram positive , low-GC, acid tolerant, non-sporulating, non-respiring rod or cocci that are associated by their common metabolic and physiological characteristics. (bionity.com)
  • Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. (bionity.com)
  • Lactobacillales are an order of gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod-shaped (bacilli) or spherical (cocci) bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metabolic acid ions were determined by capillary electrophoresis. (tudelft.nl)
  • In conclusion it is feasible and effective means using GC-MS, isotope experiment and MATLAB software to integrate research the metabolic flux distribution of lactic acid bacteria, and the results provide the theoretical foundation for similar metabolic flux distribution. (wiley.com)
Acetic2
  • 2 . Compared to acetic acid , its p K a is 1 unit less, meaning lactic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The percentage of acids, primarily lactic and acetic, in a particular beer determines its sourness. (morebeer.com)
Peels4
  • Lactic acid peels? (essentialdayspa.com)
  • I have been using lactic acid peels for years and I have never had it reactivate. (essentialdayspa.com)
  • Lactic acid peels can have antiaging effects on the skin. (livestrong.com)
  • one is 40% and the other is 50%, that is why i can do lactic peels twice a week, when i feel like it. (acne.org)
Increases1
  • Lactic acid giant Galactic is the latest ingredients firm to announced substantial price increases on the back of rocketing energy costs. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
Commonly2
  • The expression 'lactic acid' is used most commonly by athletes to describe the intense pain felt during exhaustive exercise, especially in events like the 400 metres and 800 metres. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • The purpose of this study was to test the suitability of Transgalactosylated oligosaccharides-mupirocin lithium salt (TOS-MUP) and MRS-clindamycin-ciprofloxacin (MRS-CC) agars, along with several other culture media, for selectively enumerating bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species commonly used to make fermented milks. (scielo.br)
Light micrograph1
  • Light micrograph of a colony of lactic acid bacteria used in probiotics. (sciencephoto.com)
Biochemical1
  • A few years ago the Galactic signed a joint venture agreement with the BBCA Biochemical Company for the erection of a lactic acid and derivatives manufacturing unit in China. (bakeryandsnacks.com)
Buildup2
  • And yeah, the body can burn lactic acid as a fuel so if anything think of the burn/pain buildup like a battery charging. (metafilter.com)
  • They're generating lactic buildup of their own and just like your legs you can develop and train them to efficiently burn that energy. (metafilter.com)
Make You Sore1
  • Does Lactic Acid Really Make You Sore? (stack.com)
Ferment2
  • He proved the ferment of lactic acid to be an organism of a certain kind. (dictionary.com)
  • Based upon how they ferment sugars, lactic acid bacteria can be sorted into three categories. (thefreshloaf.com)
Hyaluronic Acid2
  • POWERHOUSE FORMULA: Includes Vitamin C, Glycolic Acid, Hyaluronic Acid, Lactic Acid & CoEnzymeQ10 which exfoliates and firms skin, unclogs pores and diminishes blackheads, provides intense hydration to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. (amazon.com)
  • Lactic acid helps speed up the cell growth process while increasing hyaluronic acid, making skin appear thicker and plumper with natural hydration. (prioriskincare.com)
Formulation1
  • This dual alpha hydroxy acid formulation (glycolic & lactic) helps cut through and remove excess skin oils, impurities and make-up, without leaving skin dry or irritated. (dermadoctor.com)
Symptoms3
  • Generally, lactic acid testing would be secondary to screening tests and evaluation of symptoms. (brighthub.com)
  • Below are the strongest indications (i.e. symptoms) of Lactic Acid. (abchomeopathy.com)
  • We know now that this is not the case, as lactic acid has no direct role in causing these exercise-related symptoms. (lesmills.com)
Heterofermentative1
  • In the traditional process, unboiled wort is fermented with a mixture of Brettanomyces ale yeast and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. (morebeer.com)
Yeast3
  • Sourdough bread often relies on both yeast and bacteria in the air around the dough's starter for its tart flavor, usually caused by the formation of acid within the bread. (wisegeek.com)
  • In yeasted breads, acids come in small doses from naturally occurring bacteria present in flour and commercial yeast. (thefreshloaf.com)
  • The beer is bottled with a fresh addition of kräusen that includes yeast (no lactic acid bacteria). (morebeer.com)
Hydrogen ions3
  • Glycolysis (breakdown of carbohydrates) results in the formation of pyruvic acid and hydrogen ions (H+). (brianmac.co.uk)
  • If too many hydrogen ions are the culprit, then why blame so-called lactic acid? (dailyburn.com)
  • Scientists have been confused because lactate and hydrogen ions are present together in the muscle when you exercise intensely, and they thought it was lactic acid," says McCormick. (dailyburn.com)
Carbohydrate metabolism1
  • Although lactic acid bacteria are generally associated with the order Lactobacillales, bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium (phylum Actinobacteria) also produce lactic acid as the major product of carbohydrate metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Carboxylic1
  • The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, where R is some monovalent functional group. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Primarily1
  • China surpassed Western Europe to become the second largest lactic acid market, with growth in consumption primarily benefiting from increasing demand in the food and beverage processing industry as well as robust export demand. (prnewswire.com)
Liver4
  • One of the liver's functions is to metabolize lactic acid, therefore, the health of the liver is a factor in removing lactic acid from the body. (brighthub.com)
  • Liver disease can result in an increased lactic acid as well. (brighthub.com)
  • The liver is involved in breakdown of lactic acid. (brighthub.com)
  • When lactic acid is abundant in your liver cells after exercise, the gluconeogenesis pathway is a little bit different from the one your liver employs at other times. (livestrong.com)
Sour1
  • I read somewhere that lactic acid would sour the beer, but it wasn't too noticeable until you had around 2ml per gallon which I would be way below. (homebrewtalk.com)
Sparge water2
  • My bad, I sped through your initial question re ion contribution and centered in on the acid addition to mash and sparge water, and it made my eye twitch. (thebrewingnetwork.com)
  • I also wonder if I should use the lactic acid to lower my sparge water from 7.4 to 6? (homebrewtalk.com)
Produce8
  • the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as caries . (wikipedia.org)
  • Storch has described a lactic-acid form in a sample of tallowy butter that was able to produce this disagreeable odor. (dictionary.com)
  • The body creates this acid as it breaks down carbohydrates to produce energy. (wisegeek.com)
  • There are three systems that produce energy to resynthesise ATP: ATP-PC, lactic acid and aerobic. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • The pyruvic acid molecules from glycolysis undergo oxidation in the mitochondrion to produce acetyl coenzyme A and then the Krebs cycle begins. (brianmac.co.uk)
  • But the latest research suggests that our bodies don't, in fact, produce a substance called lactic acid when we exercise. (dailyburn.com)
  • There are many different species and strains of bacteria found in various types of starters, and because they produce lactic acid while fermenting sugar, they fall under the heading of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). (thefreshloaf.com)
  • The goal of the present proposal is to acquire anon-depth understanding of the individual acid, and amino acid decarboxylationpathways, to obtain strains unable to produce BA and to generate aroma producer strains resistant to acid stress. (europa.eu)
Exfoliates1
  • Purified Lactic Acid: Hydrates and exfoliates the surface layers of the skin, revealing a more clarified, fresher, smoother, younger-looking complexion. (sephora.com)
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Lactic Acid 10% + HA 2% - The Ordinary | Sephora (sephora.com)
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