Kinetics. Medical search

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Chemical bond cleavage reactions resulting from absorption of radiant energy.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

Deuterium. The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

The reformation of all, or part of, the native conformation of a nucleic acid molecule after the molecule has undergone denaturation.

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.

A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

A conjugated protein which is the oxygen-transporting pigment of muscle. It is made up of one globin polypeptide chain and one heme group.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

Potassium channel whose permeability to ions is extremely sensitive to the transmembrane potential difference. The opening of these channels is induced by the membrane depolarization of the ACTION POTENTIAL.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The bioavailability, dispostion kinetics and dosage of sulphadimethoxine in dogs. (1/127079)

The disposition kinetics of sulphadimethoxine were studied in six normal beagle dogs after intravenous injection of a single dose (55 mg/kg). The median (range) distribution and elimination half times of the drug were 2.36 (2.06-3.35) hours and 13.10 (9.71-16.50) hours, respectively. Total body clearance of the drug had a median value of 21.7 ml/kg/h and a mean value of 21.4 ml/kg/h. While the overall tissue to plasma level ratio (k12/k21) of the drug was 0.55 after distribution equilibrium had been attained, analogue computer simulated curves showed that at 24 hours the fractions (percentage) of the dose in the central and tissue compartments were 12 and 11%, respectively. The drug was shown, by equilibrium dialysis method, to be highly bound to plasma proteins (greater than 75%) within the usual therapeutic range (50 to 150 mug/ml) of plasma levels. The systemic availability of sulphadimethoxine from the oral suspension was 32.8% (22.5-80.0). Since the absorption half time, 1.87 (0.86-3.22) hours, was considerably shorter than the half-life, 13.10 (9.71-16.50) hours, of the drug, the rate of absorption would have little influence on the dosage regimen. Based on the experimental data obtained, a satisfactory dosage regimen might consist of a priming dose of 55 mg/kg by the intravenous route and maintenance doses of either 27.5 mg/kg of sulphadimethoxine injection given intravenously or 55 mg/kg of the oral suspension administered at 24 hour intervals. The adequacy and duration of therapy will depend upon the clinical response obtained. (+info)

Serum ampicillin levels in the calf: influence of dosage, route of administration and dosage form. (2/127079)

Holstein bull calves received ampicillin sodium by the intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes and ampicillin trihydrate by the intramuscular route, at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. In addition ampicillin sodium and ampicillin trihydrate were given at a 12 mg/kg dosage intramuscularly. The serum ampicillin concentrations were determined at five, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after drug administration and at 360 min after ampicillin trihydrate injection. Intravenous administration gave a high initial level (16.2 mug/ml) at five min that declined to below 1 mug/ml by 120 min. Subcutaneous administration produced the lowest initial levels of drug but concentrations of drug detected did not differ significantly from the intramuscular administration at any sampling interval. The 12 mg/kg intramuscular ampicillin sodium dosage produced significantly higher levels than the 5 mg/kg dosage only at five min. Ampicillin trihydrate gave higher levels than ampicillin sodium at all times except 30 min (5 mg/kg) and five min (12 mg/kg). The serum ampicillin disappearance study (5 mg/kg intravenous) gave a two component bi-exponential curve. Kinetic analysis of the first component showed a C01 (theoretical initial conc) of 44.8 mug/ml, a ke1 (rate constant of disappearance) of 0.064 mug min and a t1/21 (calculated half-life) of 10.8 min. The Co2, ke2 and t1/22 of the second component were 6.2 mug/ml, 0.0157 mug/min and 46.2 min respectively. (+info)

Specific receptors for glucocorticoid in the cytoplasm of the liver of AH 130 tumor-bearing rats. (3/127079)

Specific receptors for dexamethasone (11beta, 17alpha, 21-trihydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) in the cytoplasm of the liver from AH 130 (solid type) tumor-bearing rats markedly increased in the advanced stage of tumor growth. The cytoplasmic receptors of the livers of normal and tumor-bearing rats differed in their affinities for dexamethasone, and their apparent equilibrium (dissociation) constants (K) for dexamethasone were 4.0 and 2.6 X 10(-9) M, respectively. The rates of dissociation of dexamethasone-receptor complexes and the heat denaturations of the receptors in the livers of normal and tumor-bearing rats were similar. The glucocorticoid receptors of tumor-bearing rat liver had slightly higher affinities than did those of normal liver for all the steroids tested. Only a trace amount of receptors for dexamethasone could be detected in the cytoplasm of AH 130 ascites cells. (+info)

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (4/127079)

After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series. (+info)

Action of partially thiolated polynucleotides on the DNA polymerase alpha from regenerating rat liver. (5/127079)

The effects of partially thiolated polynucleotides on the DNA polymerase alpha from regenerating rat liver were investigated. The enzyme was isolated from the nuclear fraction essentially according to the method of Baril et al.; it was characterized as the alpha polymerase on the basis of its response to synthetic templates and its inhibition with N-ethylmaleimide. Although polycytidylic acid had no effect on the DNA polymerase alpha either as a template or as an inhibitor, partially thiolated polycytidylic acid (MPC) was found to be a potent inhibitor, its activity being directly related to its extent of thiolation (percentage of 5-mercaptocytidylate units in the polymer). In comparison, the DNA polymerase beta which was purified from normal rat liver nuclear fraction, was much less sensitive to inhibition by MPC. Analysis of the inhibition of the alpha polymerase by the method of Lineweaver and Burk showed that the inhibitory action of MPC was competitively reversible with the DNA template, but the binding of the 7.2%-thiolated MPC to the enzyme was much stronger than that of the template (Ki/Km less than 0.03). Polyuridylic acid as such showed some inhibitory activity which increased on partial thiolation, but the 8.4%-thiolated polyuridylic acid was less active than the 7.2% MPC. When MPC was annealed with polyinosinic acid, it lost 80% of its inhibitory activity in the double-stranded configuration. However, 1 to 2%-thiolated DNA isolates were significantly more potent inhibitors than were comparable (1.2%-thiolated) MPC and showed competitive reversibility with the unmodified (but "activated") DNA template. These results indicate that the inhibitory activities of partially thiolated polynucleotides depend not only on the percentage of 5-mercapto groups but also on the configuration, base composition, and other specific structural properties. (+info)

Blood thymidine level and iododeoxyuridine incorporation and reutilization in DNA in mice given long-acting thymidine pellets. (6/127079)

A long-acting thymidine pellet consisting of 190 mg of cholesterol and 60 mg of thymidine has been developed for the study of thymidine metabolism and reutilization in vivo. Implantation of such a pellet s.c. in adult mice will maintain the blood plasma concentration of thymidine at levels between 40 and 8 X 10(-6) M, which are from 36 to 7 times those of normal mice, for periods up to 48 hr. During this period, in vivo uptake and reutilization of [125I]iododeoxyuridine, a thymidine analog, into intestinal and tumor DNA were almost completely suppressed. While iododeoxyuridine reutilization is not large in normal proliferative tissue even in the absence of pellet implants, reutilization of over 30% was measured in large, rapidly growing ascites tumors. The inhibition of iododeoxyuridine incorporation by elevated thymidine blood levels is directly proportional to serum concentration. This appears to be due to a thymidine pool in rapid equilibrium with blood thymidine. This pool is at least 10 times larger than the 4-nmole pool of extracellular thymidine. (+info)

The effects of glucocorticoids and progesterone on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (7/127079)

Glucocorticoids, at physiological concentration, inhibit cell division and thymidine incorporation in three lines of human breast cancer maintained in long-term tissue culture. At steroid concentrations sufficient to inhibit thymidine incorporation 50%, little or no effect is seen on protein synthesis 48 hr after hormone addition. All three of these lines are shown to have glucocorticoid receptors demonstrable by competitive protein binding assays. Receptors are extensively characterized in one line by sucrose density gradient analysis and binding specificity studies. Good correlation between receptor-binding specificity and biological activity is found except for progesterone, which binds to glucocorticoid receptor but is noninhibitory. Cross-competition and quantification studies demonstrate a separate receptor for progesterone. This receptor has limited binding specificities restricted largely to progestational agents, whereas the glucocorticoid receptor bound both glucocorticoids and progesterone. Two other human breast cancer lines neither contain glucocorticoid receptor nor are inhibited by glucocorticoids. It is concluded that in some cases glucocorticoids can directly limit growth in human breast cancer in vitro without requiring alterations in other trophic hormones. (+info)

Effect of hepatocarcinogens on the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex in rat liver nuclei. (8/127079)

The effects of a number of carcinogens and hepatotoxins on the binding kinetics of the interactions of glucocorticoidcytosol receptor complex with nuclear acceptor sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent sites in rat liver were investigated. Both the apparent concentration of nuclear binding sites and the Kd were significantly diminished following treatment of rats with sublethal doses of the carcinogens aflatoxin B1, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine, thioacetamide, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and 3-methylcholanthrene. Treatment with actinomycin D resulted in a slight reduction in the apparent concentration of nuclear acceptor sites but had no effect on the nuclear binding Kd. The hepatotoxic but noncarcinogenic analgesic, acetaminophen, as well as the weakly toxic aflatoxin B1 cognate, aflatoxin B2, were without effect on the kinetics or binding capacity of glucocorticoid-nuclear acceptor site interaction. These experiments suggest that chemically induced alteration of functional glucocorticoid binding sites on chromatin may be involved in the biochemical effects produced in liver by carcinogens of several chemical types. This experimental model may provide a useful approach for further elucidation of early events in carcinogenesis. (+info)

... (Ancient Greek: κίνησις, lit. 'kinesis', movement or to move) may refer to: Kinetics (physics), the study of motion ... the study of the motion of rigid bodies Chemical kinetics, the study of chemical reaction rates Enzyme kinetics, the study of ... now part of the Philips group of companies Kinetics (rapper), rapper and songwriter from New York City Kinetics Internet ... the widely accepted general model of enzyme kinetics Goldbeter-Koshland kinetics, describe a steady-state solution for a 2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetics

... is a science in the branch of fluid dynamics, concerned with the study of motion of gases and its effects on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_kinetics

The term kinetics is also used to refer to chemical kinetics, particularly in chemical physics and physical chemistry. In such ... uses, a qualifier is often used or implied, for example: "physical kinetics", "crystal growth kinetics", and so on. kinetics. ... In plasma physics, kinetics refers to the study of continua in velocity space. This is usually in the context of non-thermal ( ... Kinetics must not be confused with kinematics, the study of motion without consideration of the physical circumstances causing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetics_(physics)

"ST Kinetics Organisation Chart". ST Kinetics. Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. "India Blacklists Four International ... In September 2013, Thales and ST Kinetics agreed to develop, manufacture and market ST Kinetics' 40mm low-velocity air-bursting ... "ST Engg maintains innocence over ST Kinetics debarment in India". Singapore Business Review. 28 May 2012. "ST Kinetics appoints ... and ST Kinetics. The Bronco is manufactured by ST Kinetics for the Singaporean Army and in small amounts as an UOR for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST_Kinetics

... is the field of electrochemistry that studies the rate of electrochemical processes. This includes the ... Media related to Electrochemical kinetics at Wikimedia Commons v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Butler-Volmer equation Tafel equation Vetter, Klaus J. (1967). Electrochemical kinetics; theoretical aspects. Academic Press. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_kinetics

... is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions. In enzyme kinetics, the reaction rate is ... The study of the next few milliseconds of the reaction is called pre-steady-state kinetics. Pre-steady-state kinetics is ... These studies provide a new view of the kinetics and dynamics of single enzymes, as opposed to traditional enzyme kinetics, ... These very rapid assays are essential for measuring pre-steady-state kinetics, which are discussed below. Most enzyme kinetics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics

The first Kinetics & One Love album, Fading Back To Normal, was released in 2009. That album contained the Kinetics & One Love ... "Kinetics & One Love". Ascap.com. 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2017-03-09. "BlackBook Premiere: Kinetics' 'With a Little Help From My ... After the release of The Kinetics EP, Kinetics & One Love decided to form a group and start an artist project together. ... with One Love handling the production and Kinetics providing rap vocals. In 2008, Kinetics released a free seven-track EP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetics_(rapper)

... , also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding ... Chemical Kinetics (3rd ed., Harper and Row 1987) p.42 ISBN 0-06-043862-2 Laidler, K. J. Chemical Kinetics (3rd ed., Harper and ... Chemical Kinetics (3rd ed., Harper and Row 1987) p.359-360 ISBN 0-06-043862-2 Espenson, J.H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction ... Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics (2nd ed., Prentice-Hall 1999) p.94-97 ISBN 0-13-737123-3 "Chemical Kinetics: Simple Binding: F ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_kinetics

... Limited. "About , Ocean Kinetics". Ocean Kinetics. Retrieved 6 July 2017. "Ocean Kinetics plans £2m expansion". ... Ocean Kinetics expanded its premises in 2012 after announcing its expansion plans of £2M of which £240,000 of funding was ... Ocean Kinetics is a private limited engineering company based in Lerwick, Scotland. The company was established by John ... "John Bell Pipeline & Ocean Kinetics partnership to serve Shetland Isles". www.agcc.co.uk. Retrieved 6 July 2017. Official ...

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NASCAR Reaches Howard University NASCAR Kinetics Speeds through with Panel UTPA Chosen for NASCAR Kinetics Broncs Claim NASCAR ... NASCAR Kinetics: Marketing in Motion mentored its last round on college students in 2013. During its four-year history, many ... NASCAR Kinetics: Marketing in Motion was established in 2009 with the mission of connecting college students nationwide to ... The winner of the fall 2011 semester of NASCAR Kinetics: Marketing in Motion was the University of Central Florida. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR_Kinetics

In biochemistry, receptor-ligand kinetics is a branch of chemical kinetics in which the kinetic species are defined by ... Receptor-ligand binding kinetics also involves the on- and off-rates of binding. A main goal of receptor-ligand kinetics is to ... A converse goal of receptor-ligand kinetics is to estimate the rate constants and/or dissociation constants of the receptors ... This system is one of the few systems whose kinetics can be determined analytically. Choosing [R] as the independent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor–ligand_kinetics

In kinetics, König's theorem or König's decomposition is a mathematical relation derived by Johann Samuel König that assists ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/König's_theorem_(kinetics)

Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Enzyme kinetics, Chemical kinetics, Ordinary differential ... The Goldbeter-Koshland kinetics is described by the Goldbeter-Koshland function: z = [ Z ] [ Z ] 0 = G ( v 1 , v 2 , J 1 , J 2 ... The Goldbeter-Koshland kinetics describe a steady-state solution for a 2-state biological system. In this system, the ... Goldbeter-Koshland kinetics is an example of ultrasensitivity. Since equilibrium properties are searched one can write d [ Z ] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbeter–Koshland_kinetics

... , or flip-flop pharmacokinetics, describes an atypical situation in pharmacokinetics where a drug's rate of ... Flip-flop kinetics can create difficulties in the determination and interpretation of pharmacokinetic parameters if not ... and medroxyprogesterone acetate are examples of drugs with flip-flop kinetics. The term "flip-flop" indicates that the downward ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip–flop_kinetics

"ST Kinetics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2008-09-14. "ST Kinetics Showcases Defence And ... "ST Kinetics CPW ~ weapons and more". Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2012-03-23. Picard, Michael; Holtom, ... The CPW (Compact Personal Weapon) is a multi-caliber submachine gun developed by ST Kinetics of Singapore as a PDW-class ... "Modern Firearm's ST Kinetics CPW". Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-14. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST_Kinetics_CPW

... for a chemical compound specifies that the uptake in the compartment is proportional to the ... "One-compartment kinetics." British Journal of Anaesthetics. 1992 Oct;69(4):387-96. v t e (Biochemistry, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-compartment_kinetics

In biochemistry, Michaelis-Menten kinetics is one of the best-known models of enzyme kinetics. It is named after German ... Enzyme kinetics, Chemical kinetics, Ordinary differential equations, Catalysis, Pages that use a deprecated format of the chem ... Michaelis-Menten kinetics have also been applied to a variety of spheres outside of biochemical reactions, including alveolar ... In 1997 Santiago Schnell and Claudio Mendoza suggested a closed form solution for the time course kinetics analysis of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis–Menten_kinetics

... (KIP) is a network protocol used for the encapsulation and routing of AppleTalk data packets over IP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetics_Internet_Protocol

... began writing music together after meeting in 2007 and forming a hip-hop group - with Kinetics as the ... 32 on its Heatseekers chart.[citation needed]. The Kinetics EP (2008) (solo Kinetics project) Fading Back To Normal (2009) With ... Jeremy "Kinetics" Dussolliet and Tim "One Love" Sommers are a hip-hop group and songwriting duo from New York City. They made ... "BlackBook Premiere: Kinetics' 'With a Little Help From My Friends' Mixtape". Bbook.com. 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2020-04-28. "Most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetics_&_One_Love

In enzyme kinetics, a secondary plot uses the intercept or slope from several Lineweaver-Burk plots to find additional kinetic ... Fundamentals of Enzyme kinetics Rev. ed., Portland: London, England, (1995) pp. 30-37, 56-57. J. N. Rodriguez-Lopez, M. A. ... M. K. Tiama and T. M. Hamilton, Journal of Undergraduate Chemistry Research, 4, 1 (2005). (Enzyme kinetics). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_plot_(kinetics)

Canada's General Kinetics Engineering Corporation designs and manufactures components for military and other tracked vehicles ... Per General Kinetics web site http://www.kinetics.ca/products/index.htm Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine "Brampton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Kinetics_Engineering_Corporation

2010). "Enzyme kinetics informatics: From instrument to browser". FEBS Journal. 277 (18): 3769-79. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.659.3420. ... SABIO-RK (System for the Analysis of Biochemical Pathways - Reaction Kinetics) is a web-accessible database storing information ... Integration and Curation of Reaction Kinetics Data". Data Integration in the Life Sciences. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. ... database for biochemical reaction kinetics". Nucleic Acids Research. 40 (Database issue): D790-6. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1046. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABIO-Reaction_Kinetics_Database

Enzyme kinetics Michaelis-Menten kinetics Monod GEBIK equations Michaelis, L.; Menten, M. L. (1913). "Die Kinetik der ... Acta, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.12.021 Briggs G.E.; Haldane, J.B.S., "A note on the kinetics of enzyme action", \textit{Biochem J ... For Michaelis-Menten-Monod (MMM) kinetics it is intended the coupling of an enzyme-driven chemical reaction of the Michaelis- ... These equations describe the full transient kinetics, but cannot be normally constrained to experiments because the complex C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis–Menten–Monod_kinetics

A Bachelor of Human Kinetics (BHk or BHKin) or Bachelor of Science in Human Kinetics (BScHK) is a four-year academic degree ... awarded by a university upon the completion of a program of study of Human kinetics. Specializations within this degree can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Human_Kinetics

Chemical kinetics experiments can then be carried out in a pump-probe fashion, using a laser to initiate the reaction (for ... Reaction kinetics in uniform supersonic flow (French: Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme, CRESU) is an ... Essentially, the CRESU technique provides a "wall-less flow tube", which allows the kinetics of gas-phase reactions to be ... Smith, Ian W. M. (28 April 2006). "Reactions at Very Low Temperatures: Gas Kinetics at a New Frontier". Angewandte Chemie ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_kinetics_in_uniform_supersonic_flow

V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, ICKC SB RAS (Russian: Институт ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voevodsky_Institute_of_Chemical_Kinetics_and_Combustion

Kinetics & One Love "Still Dreamin" (Feat. Termanology)". 16 August 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2015. "Kinetics & One Love Song ... You Are Not Alone is the second album from hip-hop group and songwriting duo Kinetics & One Love. Released on August 28, 2012, ... Throughout the course of the album, rapper Kinetics discusses a broad range of issues, such as teen suicide ("Sign Language"), ... "You Are Not Alone - Kinetics & One Love". iTunes. 28 August 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2013. "Billboard". Billboard. (Articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Are_Not_Alone_(Kinetics_&_One_Love_album)

Kinetics". Arch. Biochem. 18 (2): 245-259. PMID 18875046. Triacylglycerol+lipase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triacylglycerol_lipase

Kinetics! is a physics exhibit that features a tube system and balls that demonstrate motion and kinetic energy. My Market ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Museum_of_Denver

Kinetics. Brett, Guy (1968). Kinetic art. London, New York: Studio-Vista. ISBN 978-0-289-36969-2. OCLC 439251. Kepes, Gyorgy ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_art

The following books are collaborations between American Baseball Coaches Association member coaches and Human Kinetics Publishers. (abca.org)
Ms. Hickey's training is being led by Dr. TA Loeffler, professor with the School of Human Kinetics and Recreation (HKR). (mun.ca)
Human Kinetics print books are now distributed by Booktopia Publisher Services throughout Australia/NZ, delivered to you from their NSW warehouse. (humankinetics.com)
Please visit Booktopia to order your Human Kinetics print books. (humankinetics.com)
Human Kinetics print books and eBooks are now distributed by Mare Nostrum, throughout the UK, Europe, Africa and Middle East, delivered to you from their warehouse. (humankinetics.com)
Please visit our new UK website to purchase Human Kinetics printed or eBooks. (humankinetics.com)
Pages displayed by permission of Human Kinetics . (google.com)

This course explores materials and materials processes from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics. (mit.edu)
This book was prepared in conjunction with the forthcoming book by the same authors, Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chemical Engineering Processes. (begellhouse.com)

Find detailed information about how to set up, install, use, and maintain Color Kinetics and Vaya Series products. (colorkinetics.com)
Multi color LED lighting system by Color Kinetics. (superiorlighting.com)
The EssentialColor (eColor) series from Philips Color Kinetics offers a full-range of professional single-channel LED lighting fixtures, available in a range of solid colors. (superiorlighting.com)
eColor fixtures from Philips Color Kinetics can be connected directly to line voltage, and can be dimmed with selected commercially available reverse-phase (ELV-type) dimmers Buy Color Kinetics Light bulbs from Superior Lighting at wholesale prices. (superiorlighting.com)
Color Kinetics and LED bulbs or LED fixtures can be color changing LEDs or white LEDs. (superiorlighting.com)
LEDs are particularily used by color kinetics for color changing outdoor lights and LED signage bulbs. (superiorlighting.com)

Orthofix International N.V. (NASDAQ:OFIX), a global medical device company focused on musculoskeletal healing products and value-added services, today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Spinal Kinetics Inc., a privately held developer and manufacturer of artificial cervical and lumbar discs. (morganstanley.com)
The Spinal Kinetics M6™ artificial discs will further strengthen Orthofix's product portfolio by filling a strategic gap in our Spine Fixation product line. (morganstanley.com)
Spinal Kinetics manufactures and distributes the M6-C cervical and M6-L lumbar artificial discs for patients suffering from degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the spine. (morganstanley.com)
Spinal Kinetics ' CRMA® is a proprietary technology which is different and delivers complete reports that measure the exact interseg-mental motions of the ligaments. (healthynewage.com)
These tests should always be performed by an unbiased independent specialist" Says COO Dr. Jeffrey Cronk of Spinal Kinetics LLC. (healthynewage.com)

PKG® and KinetiGraph® are registered trademarks of Global Kinetics Pty Ltd. (pkgcare.uk)

These results are discussed considering the effect of the G-phase precipitation on the spinodal decomposition kinetics. (astm.org)

This course deals with the experimental and theoretical aspects of chemical reaction kinetics, including transition-state theories, molecular beam scattering, classical techniques, quantum and statistical mechanical estimation of rate constants, pressure-dependence and chemical activation, modeling complex reacting mixtures, and uncertainty/sensitivity analyses. (merlot.org)
The Michealis-Menten equationwas used to fit the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction. (scirp.org)
Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics is a modern textbook for advanced courses. (valorebooks.com)
Houston emphasizes the essential principles of kinetics and dynamics through relevant examples and current research, providing students with a clear, basic understanding.Houston, Paul L. is the author of 'Chemical Kinetics Reaction Dynamics', published 2001 under ISBN 9780072435375 and ISBN 0072435372. (valorebooks.com)
Fifty years ago, a new approach to reaction kinetics began to emerge: one based on mathematical models of reaction kinetics, or formal reaction kinetics. (wolfram.com)
Over 15 chapters, this book present the fundamentals of chemical kinetics, its relations with reaction mechanisms and kinetic properties. (ellibs.com)
The ELISA nowledge of the kinetics and clinical correlates of se- was based on the recombinant spike S1 region of strain rologic responses to Middle East respiratory syndrome EMC because that region is sufficiently divergent between coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is essential for diag- different coronavirus species and expected to lead to less nosing the disease, interpreting seroepidemiologic data to cross-reaction ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Accurate determination of reaction energetics and kinetics of the HO 2 Ë + O 3 â OHË + 2O 2 reaction. (bvsalud.org)
In the present work , we have studied the HO2Ë + O3 â HOË + 2O2 reaction using chemical kinetics and quantum chemical calculations. (bvsalud.org)

Insight from leucine and phenylalanine kinetics. (jci.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Deterioration kinetics of antibodies in different antibiotic media. (who.int)

In this volume on carotenoids their chemical and physical characteristics, occurrence, production, use, analysis and human exposure, metabolism, kinetics and genetic variation are studied, as well as their cancer-preventive effects, other beneficial effects, carcinogenicity and other toxic effects. (who.int)

It has been shown that the metallic 1T phase of MoS2, obtained by chemical exfoliation after lithium intercalation, possesses enhanced catalytic activity over the semiconducting 2H phase due to the improved conductivity properties which facilitate charge-transfer kinetics. (ntu.edu.sg)
Here we demonstrate a simple electrochemical method to precisely tune the electron-transfer kinetics as well as the catalytic properties of both exfoliated and bulk MoS2-based films. (ntu.edu.sg)

This text combines a description of the origin and use of fundamental chemical kinetics through an assessment of realistic reactor problems with an expanded discussion of kinetics and its relation to chemical thermodynamics. (worldcat.org)
As the second half of General Chemistry, this course will focus on topics including fundamental chemical thermodynamics, kinetics, and electrochemistry. (sfu.ca)

Results of search for 'su:{Kinetics. (who.int)

Kinetics of Na + /glucose co-transporters[six-stage kinetic model (Stages C1-C6), which was originally proposed by Parent et al . (medscape.com)

This book is a progressive presentation of kinetics of the chemical reactions. (ellibs.com)
Few studies are reported in the literature about the kinetics of chemical reactions in liquid food products under high temperature conditions. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

For assessment applications a mathematical law is proposed that represents the aging kinetics of these steels and that provides reliable results for their service temperature (280°C). (astm.org)

We have developed a theoretical model for the kinetics of release of living cells from composite shellac-cell microcapsules. (rsc.org)

Chen W. and Huang G.M. (2010) Optimal conditions and kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of banana corm powder. (scirp.org)

This report presents results of investigations on the kinetics of leaching zinc-lead concentrates with chlorine. (cdc.gov)

Assuming that the cause of brittleness is the ferrite's spinodal decomposition into the α and α' phases, the present work analyzes the aging kinetics at three temperatures (280, 350, and 400°C) by means of microhardness measurements of the ferritic phase taken in three different duplex stainless steels named after their ferrite content, 12F, 18F and 22F. (astm.org)

La información en esta página debería ser considerada como ejemplos de información de antecedentes para la temporada de influenza 2021-2022 para la práctica médica respecto del uso de medicamentos antivirales contra la influenza. (cdc.gov)
Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos directas de PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science y Science hasta el 2021. (bvsalud.org)

The equation that describes fragmentation kinetics, such as that which occurs in cluster breakup and polymer chain degradation (depolymerisation), is solved for models where the rate of breakup depends upon the size of the object breaking up. (umich.edu)
The model describes the kinetics of cell release from the microcapsules triggered by: (i) pH change, which dissolves the shellac and (ii) the growth of the encapsulated cells, when placed in culture media. (rsc.org)

Hetiman, N., Wenzig, E. and Mersmann, A. (1997) Characterization of three different potato starches and kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis by an α-amylase. (scirp.org)

DTCC Investor Kinetics facilitates analysis of institutional buy side market activity by providing aggregated, anonymized global equity and fixed income securities transaction data. (dtcc.com)

It provides complete coverage of the domain of chemical kinetics, which is necessary for the various future users in the fields of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Materials Science, Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Chemistry and Combustion. (ellibs.com)

Since then, there has been a rapid and accelerated development in both deterministic and stochastic kinetics, primarily because mathematicians studying differential equations and algebraic geometry have taken an interest in the nonlinear differential equations of kinetics, which are relatively simple, yet capable of depicting complex behavior such as oscillation, chaos, and pattern formation. (wolfram.com)

In three out of the 23 chemicals, deviations from first and second order were apparent where the chemicals exhibited complex kinetics whose rates are mixed order. (cdc.gov)
Binding kinetics are often apparent. (wyatt.com)

Zhong, S.S., Liu, S.Y. and Zhang, L.X. (1998) Study on the kinetics of saccharification of potato starch with glucoamylase. (scirp.org)
In the present study, we investigated the kinetics in brain gliomas, brain metastases, and benign lesions. (snmjournals.org)
The purpose of this study was to examine if short-term periodized programming may improve strength, power, jump kinetics, and sprint efficiency in soccer. (mdpi.com)

Similarly, clicking "play" on Kinetics & One Love 's latest mixtape single/video could ultimately lead to nuclear war-or world peace. (djbooth.net)

This model was established by integrating the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics for photocatalysis and the Cassie-Baxter wettability analysis on a chemically heterogeneous mesh surface into a permeate flux relation. (nature.com)

KINETICS is the keyword for the data block. (usgs.gov)
These market risk perspectives are powered by the DTCC CDS Kinetics service, which utilizes position data sourced from DTCC's Trade Information Warehouse (TIW). (dtcc.com)
DTCC CDS Kinetics provides market risk perspectives on credit derivatives traded globally, utilizing position data sourced from DTCC's Trade Information Warehouse (TIW). (dtcc.com)
DTCC's Money Market Kinetics provides a single, daily feed of anonymized CP and CD secondary settlement transactions data-excluding primary IPA to dealer-to enhance analysis of this enormous market. (dtcc.com)
DTCC's Equity Benchmark Kinetics facilitates performance analysis of U.S. equity trading, by providing a daily, multi-perspective data feed for activity that clears through DTCC's National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) subsidiary. (dtcc.com)
Data link abnormal myocardial calcium kinetics to the cause of the inappropriate myocardial hypertrophy and specific features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), particularly in patients with diastolic functional abnormalities. (medscape.com)

The kinetics aspect includes diffusion, phase transformations, and the development of microstructure. (mit.edu)

A 2-compartment model was able to describe 18 F-FDOPA kinetics in tumors and the cerebellum but not the striatum. (snmjournals.org)
A 3-compartment model with corrections for tissue blood volume, metabolites, and partial volume appeared to be superior for describing 18 F-FDOPA kinetics in tumors and the striatum. (snmjournals.org)
A 2-compartment model was able to describe 18 F-FDOPA kinetics in tumors in a first approximation. (snmjournals.org)
A 3-compartment model with corrections for metabolites and partial volume could adequately describe 18 F-FDOPA kinetics in tumors, the striatum, and the cerebellum. (snmjournals.org)

Enemark, S & Santos, I 2016, ' Quasi-static characterisation of trained pseudoelastic shape memory alloy wire subjected to cyclic loading: transformation kinetics ', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures , vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1150-1164. (dtu.dk)

Investigation of the Kinetics of Reduction of Nickel Oxide and Nickel Aluminate by Hydrogen" International Journal of Materials Research , vol. 85, no. 9, 1994, pp. 616-621. (degruyter.com)

The sublimation kinetics of ZrCl 4 was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. (elsevier.com)

DTCC Equity Kinetics enables users to view, track and analyze aggregated U.S. equities trade volumes over time and in the context of broader market activity. (dtcc.com)

All of the models are scheduled to release around late this month and Kinetics are taking pre-order requests on their online shop . (freshnessmag.com)
ZrCl 4 sublimation was confirmed to be a zero-order process under isothermal conditions, whereas it was first-order kinetics under non-isothermal conditions. (elsevier.com)

Tokyo based boutique Kinetics have teamed up with popular Japanese animation Neon Genesis Evangelion to produce these three versions inspired by the characters of the series. (freshnessmag.com)

International Conference on Chemical Kinetics (web.mit.edu)

Energy kinetics - Carlin Combustion Technology, Inc. (carlincombustion.com)

Suffer Archives - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Fitness Archives - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Parenting Archives - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Nature Archives - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Crohn's Archives - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Space Archives - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Heat Archives - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Sports Archives - Page 3 of 3 - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Health 2.0 STAT: Plugged in and Unplugged - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Quantified self Archives - Page 2 of 3 - Kinetics (caroltorgan.com)

Carol Torgan, Ph.D., Author at Kinetics - Page 2 of 10 (caroltorgan.com)

Workshop on Biopolymers: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Mechanics of DNA, RNA and Proteins | (smr 1658) (30 May 2005 - 3 June... (indico.ictp.it)

SGLT2 Inhibitors, a New Approach in Diabetes Treatment (medscape.com)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology (emedicine.medscape.com)

Industrial Kinetics Logo - CEMA (cemanet.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs54

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science5

Health Care2

The bioavailability, dispostion kinetics and dosage of sulphadimethoxine in dogs. (1/127079)

Serum ampicillin levels in the calf: influence of dosage, route of administration and dosage form. (2/127079)

Specific receptors for glucocorticoid in the cytoplasm of the liver of AH 130 tumor-bearing rats. (3/127079)

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (4/127079)

Action of partially thiolated polynucleotides on the DNA polymerase alpha from regenerating rat liver. (5/127079)

Blood thymidine level and iododeoxyuridine incorporation and reutilization in DNA in mice given long-acting thymidine pellets. (6/127079)

The effects of glucocorticoids and progesterone on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (7/127079)

Effect of hepatocarcinogens on the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex in rat liver nuclei. (8/127079)

Kinetics

Models, Biological

Time Factors

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Mathematics

Temperature

Models, Chemical

Thermodynamics

Protein Binding

Binding Sites

Molecular Sequence Data

Photolysis

Oxidation-Reduction

Membrane Potentials

Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Calcium

Cell Line

Half-Life

Protein Conformation

Escherichia coli

Cells, Cultured

Models, Molecular

Amino Acid Sequence

Substrate Specificity

Biophysics

Recombinant Proteins

Biological Transport

Ion Channel Gating

Mutation

Adenosine Triphosphate

Protein Folding

Biophysical Phenomena

Computer Simulation

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Rabbits

Metabolic Clearance Rate

Spectrophotometry

Cattle

Hydrolysis

Catalysis

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Diffusion

Models, Theoretical

Cell Membrane

Electrophysiology

Liver

DNA

Base Sequence

Fluorescence

Oxygen

Electric Conductivity

Ion Channels

Light

Fluorescent Dyes

Magnesium

Potassium

Oxygen Consumption

Protein Denaturation

Sodium

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Osmolar Concentration

Ligands

Structure-Activity Relationship

Potassium Channels

Tritium

Leucine

Deuterium

Biological Transport, Active

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Enzymes

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Binding, Competitive

Urea

Hot Temperature

Myocardium

Tissue Distribution

RNA, Messenger

Glucose

Carbon Monoxide

Photochemistry