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Kidney GlomerulusPodocytesKidneyGlomerular MesangiumBasement MembraneMembrane ProteinsKidney DiseasesKidney TubulesKidney TransplantationGlomerulonephritisKidney CortexOlfactory BulbProteinuriaAcute Kidney InjuryOlfactory PathwaysKidney Failure, ChronicNephronsKidney Tubules, ProximalOlfactory Receptor NeuronsGlomerulosclerosis, Focal SegmentalNephrosisNephritisKidney MedullaPolycystic Kidney DiseasesKidney Function TestsKidney NeoplasmsCellophaneGlomerular Filtration BarrierGlomerular Basement Membrane
Kidney Glomerulus
A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.
Podocytes
Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Glomerular Mesangium
The thin membranous structure supporting the adjoining glomerular capillaries. It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.
Basement Membrane
A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.
Kidney Tubules
Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.
Kidney Transplantation
The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
Kidney Cortex
The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.
Olfactory Bulb
Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here.
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.
Olfactory Pathways
Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes the OLFACTORY NERVE; OLFACTORY BULB; OLFACTORY TRACT; OLFACTORY TUBERCLE; ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE; and OLFACTORY CORTEX.
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.
Nephrons
The functional units of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and the attached tubule.
Kidney Tubules, Proximal
The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.
Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia. Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN.
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental
A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.
Nephrosis
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.
Kidney Medulla
The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.
Kidney Function Tests
Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.
Cellophane
A generic name for film produced from wood pulp by the viscose process. It is a thin, transparent sheeting of regenerated cellulose, moisture-proof and sometimes dyed, and used chiefly as food wrapping or as bags for dialysis. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Glomerular Filtration Barrier
A specialized barrier in the kidney, consisting of the fenestrated CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE; and glomerular epithelium (PODOCYTES). The barrier prevents the filtration of PLASMA PROTEINS.
Glomerular Basement Membrane
The layer of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX that lies between the ENDOTHELIUM of the glomerular capillaries and the PODOCYTES of the inner or visceral layer of the BOWMAN CAPSULE. It is the product of these two cell types. It acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.

T lymphocyte adhesion mechanisms within inflamed human kidney: studies with a Stamper-Woodruff assay. (1/4509)

Renal inflammatory conditions are characterized by mononuclear cell recruitment to sites of inflammation. We have developed a modified Stamper-Woodruff assay system to analyze mechanisms of functional T cell adhesion to cryostat sections of renal biopsy material from patients with vasculitic glomerulonephritis (GN) and acute allograft rejection. Peripheral blood T cells adhered to intraglomerular, periglomerular, and tubulointerstitial regions of the cortex. Blocking monoclonal antibodies against tissue expressed ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and the CS-1 domain of fibronectin (CS-1Fn) differentially attenuated T cell adhesion. Glomerular adhesion in vasculitic GN and tubulointerstitial adhesion in acute rejection were particularly sensitive to both anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies, indicating a prominent role for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 at glomerular sites in vasculitis and at tubulointerstitial sites in rejection. Furthermore, using KL/4 cells (LFA-1 expressing) and Jurkat cells (VLA-4 expressing), we demonstrated specific LFA-1/ICAM-1- and VLA-4/VCAM-1-mediated interactions within glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments. Jurkat cells also adhered to VCAM-1-free sites, and binding was inhibitable by anti-CS-1Fn antibody, thereby demonstrating a role for VLA-4/fibronectin interactions especially at intraglomerular sites in acute rejection where VCAM-1 is notably absent. We therefore propose a prominent functional role for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CS-1 domain fibronectin in T cell recruitment to the inflamed kidney.  (+info)

Angiotensin receptor subtype 1 mediates angiotensin II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP production in preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells. (2/4509)

In a previous study, we found that angiotensin (Ang) II enhances beta-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP production in cultured preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells (PMVSMCs) obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. The purpose of the present investigation was to identify the Ang receptor subtypes that mediate this effect. In our first study, we compared the ability of Ang II, Ang III, Ang (3-8), and Ang (1-7) to increase cAMP production in isoproterenol (1 microM)-treated PMVSMCs. Each peptide was tested at 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 nM. Both Ang II and Ang III increased intracellular (EC50s, 1 and 11 nM, respectively) and extracellular (EC50s, 2 and 14 nM, respectively) cAMP levels in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, Ang (3-8) and Ang (1-7) did not enhance either intracellular or extracellular cAMP levels at any concentration tested. In our second study, we examined the ability of L 158809 [a selective Ang receptor subtype 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist] to inhibit Ang II (100 nM) and Ang III (100 nM) enhancement of isoproterenol (1 microM)-induced cAMP production in PMVSMCs. L 158809 (10 nM) abolished or nearly abolished (p <.001) Ang II and Ang III enhancement of isoproterenol-induced intracellular and extracellular cAMP levels. In contrast, PD 123319 (300 nM; a selective AT2 receptor antagonist) did not significantly alter Ang II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced intracellular or extracellular cAMP levels. We conclude that AT1 receptors, but not AT2, Ang (3-8), nor Ang (1-7) receptors mediate Ang II and Ang III enhancement of beta-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP production in cultured PMVSMCs.  (+info)

Recovery following relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the neonatal rat. (3/4509)

BACKGROUND: Obstructive nephropathy is a primary cause of renal insufficiency in infants and children. This study was designed to distinguish the reversible and irreversible cellular consequences of temporary unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) on the developing kidney. METHODS: Rats were subjected to UUO or sham operation in the first 48 hours of life, and the obstruction was removed five days later (or was left in place). Kidneys were removed for study 14 or 28 days later. In additional groups, kidneys were removed at the end of five days of obstruction. Immunoreactive distribution of renin was determined in arterioles, and the distribution of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, clusterin, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin was determined in tubules and/or interstitium. The number of glomeruli, glomerular maturation, tubular atrophy, and interstitial collagen deposition was determined by morphometry. Renal cellular proliferation and apoptosis were measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the TdT uridine-nick-end-label technique, respectively. The glomerular filtration rate was measured by inulin clearance. RESULTS: Renal microvascular renin maintained a fetal distribution with persistent UUO; this was partially reversed by the relief of obstruction. Although glomerular maturation was also delayed and glomerular volume was reduced by UUO, the relief of obstruction prevented the reduction in glomerular volume. Although relief of obstruction did not reverse a 40% reduction in the number of nephrons, the glomerular filtration rate of the postobstructed kidney was normal. The relief of obstruction did not improve tubular cell proliferation and only partially reduced apoptosis induced by UUO. This was associated with a persistent reduction in the tubular epidermal growth factor. In addition, the relief of obstruction reduced but did not normalize tubular expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, clusterin, and vimentin, all of which are evidence of persistent tubular injury. The relief of obstruction significantly reduced interstitial fibrosis and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin by interstitial fibroblasts, but not to normal levels. CONCLUSIONS: The relief of obstruction in the neonatal rat attenuates, but does not reverse, renal vascular, glomerular, tubular, and interstitial injury resulting from five days of UUO. Hyperfiltration by remaining nephrons and residual tubulointerstitial injury in the postobstructed kidney are likely to lead to deterioration of renal function later in life.  (+info)

Up-regulation of glomerular extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor-beta expression in RF/J mice. (4/4509)

BACKGROUND: RF/J mice were first reported as a murine model of spontaneous glomerulosclerosis by Gude and Lupton in 1960, but the precise histologic characteristics and immunopathological background of this mouse have not been investigated further. METHODS: Measurements of serum levels of immunoglobulins, anti-single strand DNA (anti-ss-DNA) antibody, complement (C3), and circulating immune complex (IC) were performed. Analyses of glomerular histological and immunopathological lesions in association with the detection of mRNA expression of collagen IV, TGF-beta, matrix protein turnover related enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were also performed in young (10-week-old) and elderly (60-week-old) RF/J mice with age-matched BALB/C mice as the controls. RESULTS: High levels of serum IgA and IgG from as early as 20 weeks of age were noted in the RF/J mice. Serum anti-ss-DNA antibody of aged RF/J mice increased up to 23% of that of aged MRL-lpr/lpr mice, and serum C3 concentration significantly decreased with age, reaching lower levels than that of BALB/c mice. IgA-IC levels were significantly high compared to BALB/C mice both in the early and late stages of life, whereas IgG-IC levels were high only in mice younger than 20 weeks. Semiquantitative and quantitative analyzes of renal histopathological findings revealed significantly marked and age-related mesangial matrix expansion in RF/J mice, with increasing frequency of global glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. On the other hand, although precise measurements of glomerular cell numbers also showed an apparent augmentation in both young and old RF/J mice compared to BALB/C mice, glomerular cellularity decreased with age in RF/J mice. Immunohistochemical study revealed massive immunoglobulin deposition from a young age in association with significantly higher accumulation of matrix proteins, such as types I and IV collagen and laminin from the early stage of life. In addition, in these glomeruli, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was highly expressed both in young and old mice. The mRNA expression of MMP-2 was up-regulated only in the early stage of life. Although PDGF mRNA of RF/J mice was significantly up-regulated in the early stage of life, the differences between the mice disappeared in the late stage of life. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in RF/J mice, an immunopathological background inducing high serum immunoglobulin and IC levels from the early stage of life is closely related to mesangioproliferative glomerular lesions mediated by PDGF, and that development of massive extracellular matrix accumulation in glomeruli was induced by up-regulated expression of TGF-beta with inappropriate regulation of protein turnover-related enzyme production.  (+info)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (5/4509)

BACKGROUND: Extensive renal ablation is associated with progressive sclerosis of the remnant kidney. Because lymphocytes and monocytes accumulate in the remnant kidney, it is likely that they play a role in the renal scarring. Therefore, we treated rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a drug that has an antiproliferative effect and that suppresses the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats with 5/6Nx received MMF (30 mg. kg-1. day-1 by daily gastric gavage, N = 15) or vehicle (N = 16). Ten additional rats were sham operated. All rats were fed a 30% protein diet. Body weight, serum creatinine, and urinary protein excretion were determined weekly. Lipid peroxidation, as a measure of oxidative stress observed by urinary malondialdehyde determinations, was performed every two weeks. Histologic studies were done in the remnant kidney four weeks (9 rats from the vehicle-treated group, 7 rats from the MMF group, and 5 sham-operated rats) and eight weeks after surgery (the remaining rats). Glomerular volume, sclerosis in glomeruli (segmental and global) and interstitium (semiquantitative scale), infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages (CD43- and ED1-positive cells), and expression of adhesion molecules (CD54, CD18, and CD11b) were analyzed. RESULTS: MMF treatment prevented the progressive increment in serum creatinine and the proteinuria observed in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats during the eight weeks of observation (P < 0.01). Weight gain was comparable in the MMF-treated and sham-operated rats, whereas weight gain was decreased in untreated 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Excretion of malondialdehyde increased after surgery but returned sooner to control levels in the MMF-treated rats. Increments in glomerular size and mean arterial blood pressure induced by renal ablation were not modified by MMF treatment. Eight weeks after surgery, segmental sclerosis was present in 48.4 +/- 8.35% (+/- sd) glomeruli in the vehicle-treated group versus 25 +/- 10.5% in the MMF-treated group (P < 0.001). Interstitial fibrosis was reduced significantly with MMF treatment (P < 0.001). Infiltration with CD43- and ED1-positive cells in glomeruli and interstitium was two to five times lower in MMF-treated rats (P < 0.01). Expression of adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11b was similarly reduced. CONCLUSION: MMF ameliorates the progressive renal damage in the remnant kidney after 5/6Nx. This effect is associated with a reduction in the infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas glomerular hypertrophy and systemic hypertension are unchanged.  (+info)

Glomerular size-selective dysfunction in NIDDM is not ameliorated by ACE inhibition or by calcium channel blockade. (6/4509)

BACKGROUND: In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and overt nephropathy glomerular barrier size-selectivity progressively deteriorates with time and is effectively improved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Whether similar glomerular functional changes develop in proteinuric patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and whether antihypertensive agents can favorably affect glomerular filtration of macromolecules in these patients, has not been documented yet. METHODS: We investigated renal hemodynamics and fractional clearance of neutral dextrans of graded sizes, in nine proteinuric patients with NIDDM and renal biopsy findings of typical diabetic glomerulopathy. Six healthy volunteers served as controls. We also investigated the effects of an ACE inhibitor and of a calcium channel blocker, both given in doses targeted to achieve a comparable level of systemic blood pressure control, on glomerular hemodynamics and sieving function. Theoretical analysis of glomerular macromolecule transport was adopted to evaluate intrinsic glomerular membrane permeability properties. RESULTS: Fractional clearance of large macromolecules (42 to 66 A in radius) was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls, and the distribution of membrane pore radii was calculated to be shifted towards larger pore sizes in diabetics (mean radius increased from 55 to 60 A). Despite effective blood pressure control, neither antihypertensive affected glomerular hemodynamics to any significant extent. Fractional clearance of dextrans, as well as of albumin and IgG, and total urinary proteins were not modified by either treatments. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that patients with NIDDM and overt nephropathy develop abnormalities in size-selective function of the glomerular barrier and, at variance to IDDM, such changes were not ameliorated either by ACE inhibition or calcium channel blockade.  (+info)

T cell subsets in experimental lupus nephritis: modulation by bacterial superantigen. (7/4509)

Chronic graft-vs-host disease (GvH), induced by injection of DBA/2 lymphocytes into (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 hybrids, is a murine model for lupus nephritis, associated with a Th2-dependent polyclonal B cell activation. The development of glomerulosclerosis in this model is preceded by a glomerular influx of LFA-1+ T cells. We investigated whether exposure to bacterial superantigen would modulate the course of this autoimmune syndrome. Injection of the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in mice has been shown to induce the activation of TcRVbeta8+ T cells. Within 2 weeks after GvH induction, mice were injected twice with 20 microg of SEB and the following parameters were examined: cytokine and Ig profile, proteinuria and renal pathology. The second SEB injection induced in GvH mice an increased release of both interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as compared with control F1 mice. No differences were observed in IL-2 production. SEB-treated GvH mice demonstrated a delayed onset of proteinuria. Histological analysis of the kidney showed that SEB-challenged GvH mice displayed significantly more interstitial inflammation and mesangial proliferation together with more IgG2a deposits in glomeruli than non-injected GvH mice. From these results, we conclude that GvH mice are more responsive to SEB in terms of cytokine production and that bacterial infection can modulate the course of this renal disease from a membranous to a more proliferative type of nephropathy.  (+info)

Adoptive transfer of genetically modified macrophages elucidated TGF-beta-mediated 'self-defence' of the glomerulus against local action of macrophages. (8/4509)

TGF-beta has several anti-inflammatory properties which may be relevant to prevention of or recovery from acute glomerular inflammation. Using genetically modified mesangial cells and a technique for in vivo macrophage transfer, this article provides evidence for TGF-beta-mediated 'self-defence' of the glomerulus against macrophages. Rat mesangial cells stably transfected with TGF-beta1 showed a blunted response to the macrophage-derived, proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta. In contrast, mesangial cells expressing the dominant-interfering TGF-beta receptor showed an enhanced response to IL-1. Similarly, externally added TGF-beta1 inhibited the cytokine response of normal glomeruli, and isolated nephritic glomeruli producing active TGF-beta1 showed a depressed response to IL-1beta, compared to normal glomeruli. Consistent with these in vitro results, in vivo transfer of activated macrophages revealed that the TGF-beta-producing glomeruli are insensitive to the effector action of macrophages. These results indicate that TGF-beta1 functions as an endogenous 'defender' that counteracts local action of activated macrophages in the glomerulus.  (+info)

Proteoglycan production by human glomerular visceral epithelial cells and mesangial cells in vitro | Biochemical JournalProteoglycan production by human glomerular visceral epithelial cells and mesangial cells in vitro | Biochemical Journal
Proteoglycans metabolically labelled with [35S]sulphate and [3H]glucosamine or [3H]leucine were isolated from the incubation medium and cell layer of human adult mesangial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells using sequential DEAE chromatography purification steps followed by gel-filtration chromatography. The proteoglycan composition of each peak was analysed by treatment with HNO2, chondroitinase ABC or chondroitinase AC followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-50 columns. Heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and dermatan sulphate proteoglycan were detected in both the culture medium and cell layer of mesangial cells. Culture medium of glomerular visceral epithelial cells contained HSPG and a second proteoglycan with the properties of a hybrid molecule containing HS and chondroitin sulphate (CS). The cell layer contained HSPG and CSPG. Detailed analysis of the hybrid molecule revealed that it had an apparent molecular mass of 400 kDa. SDS/PAGE of hybrid molecules, after treatment ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/307/3/759
Organogenesis of the kidney glomerulus: focus on the glomerular basement membrane. - NextBio article
The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a crucial component of the kidneys filtration barrier that separates the vasculature from the urinary space. During glomerulogenesis, the GBM is formed from fusion of two distinct basement membranes, one synthesized by the glomerular epithelial cell (podocyte) and the other by the glomerular endothelial cell. The main components of the GBM are laminin-521 (α5β2γ1), collagen α3α4α5(IV), nidogen and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, agrin. By studying mice lacking specific GBM components, we have shown that during glomerulogenesis, laminin is the only one that is required for GBM integrity and in turn, the GBM is required for completion of glomerulogenesis and glomerular vascularization. In addition, our results from laminin β2-null mice suggest that laminin-521, and thus the GBM, contribute to the establishment and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier to plasma albumin. In contrast, mutations that affect GBM collagen IV or agrin do not ...
http://www.nextbio.com/b/search/article.nb?id=21519194
Glomerular visceral epithelial cells, also known as podocytes, are vital to both regular kidney function as well as the...Glomerular visceral epithelial cells, also known as podocytes, are vital to both regular kidney function as well as the...
Glomerular visceral epithelial cells, also known as podocytes, are vital to both regular kidney function as well as the development of kidney disease. localization to cell-cell junctions and driven which the SH3 domains of myo1e tail interacts with ZO-1, an element from the slit diaphragm complicated and restricted junctions. These results claim that myo1e represents an element from Docosapentaenoic acid 22n-3 the slit diaphragm complicated and may donate to regulating junctional integrity in kidney podocytes. and (from 2 representative fractionation tests) indicate that myo1e, podocin, and ZO-1 are enriched in the detergent-resistant (DR) slit diaphragm small percentage, whereas another podocyte marker, synaptopodin, exists in the cytoplasmic small percentage. The white series at indicates that 2 split elements of the blot have already been placed next to one another. indicate the locations stained for myo1e just), indicating that myo1e exists in podocyte cell systems not only is ...
http://livingseas.org/%EF%BB%BFglomerular-visceral-epithelial-cells-also-known-as-podocytes-are-vital-to-both-regular-kidney-function-as-well-as-the-development-of-kidney-disease/
Podocin - WikipediaPodocin - Wikipedia
Podocin is a protein component of the filtration slits of podocytes. Glomerular capillary endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane and the filtration slits function as the filtration barrier of the kidney glomerulus. Mutations in the podocin gene NPHS2 can cause nephrotic syndrome, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or minimal change disease (MCD). Podocin is a membrane protein of the band-7-stomatin family, consisting of 383 amino acids. It has a transmembrane domain forming a hairpin structure, with two cytoplasmic ends at the N- and C-terminus, the latter of which interacts with the cytosolic tail of nephrin, with CD2AP serving as an adaptor. Podocin is localized on the membranes of podocyte pedicels (foot-like long processes), where it oligomerizes in lipid rafts together with nephrin to form the filtration slits. Jarad, G.; Miner, J. H. (2009). Update on the glomerular filtration barrier. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 18 (3): 226-232. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocin
Angiopoietin 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Modulate Human Glomerular Endothelial Cell Barrier Properties | American...Angiopoietin 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Modulate Human Glomerular Endothelial Cell Barrier Properties | American...
Commercially available human GEnC were derived from sieved glomeruli, and contamination with nonglomerular endothelium therefore is negligible. Our results show that these cells maintain endothelial phenotype and function in vitro. The expression of Tie2 and VEGFR2 by cultured GEnC is consistent with observations of their expression in vivo. In the mature animal, the majority of VEGF actions on EnC, including survival, proliferation, chemotaxis (all important in angiogenesis), and induction of permeability, are mediated through VEGFR2 (8).. GEnC formed monolayers in culture with mean TEER of 30 to 40 Ω/cm2, comparable both with other microvascular EnC studied in our laboratory (HMVEC as above; data not shown) and with published data using other EnC types. TEER are generally reported in the range of 6.1 to 69 Ω/cm2 (29). Endothelia that form a highly restrictive blood-organ barrier in vivo such as brain and retinal microvascular endothelia show the highest TEER in culture with values of 186.6 ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/15/3/566
Kidney glomeruli, SEM - Stock Image C023/9937 - Science Photo LibraryKidney glomeruli, SEM - Stock Image C023/9937 - Science Photo Library
Kidney glomeruli. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of glomeruli (pink) surrounded by supporting tissue in a kidney. The outer layer of these round structures are podocyte cells that interlock to cover an inner coiled ball of capillaries. The function of the glomeruli is to filter waste products from the blood. After the reabsorption of certain substances elsewhere in the kidney, the liquid is transported to the bladder as urine. Magnification: x4670 when printed at 10 centimetres across. - Stock Image C023/9937
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/649676/view
FSGS as an Adaptive Response to Growth-Induced Podocyte Stress. | George M. OBrien Kidney Translational Core CenterFSGS as an Adaptive Response to Growth-Induced Podocyte Stress. | George M. OBrien Kidney Translational Core Center
Glomerular sclerotic lesions develop when the glomerular filtration surface area exceeds the availability of podocyte foot process coverage, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely characterized. We evaluated potential mechanisms using a transgenic (podocin promoter-AA-4E-BP1) rat in which podocyte capacity for hypertrophy in response to growth factor/nutrient signaling is impaired. FSGS lesions resembling human FSGS developed spontaneously by 7 months of age, and could be induced earlier by accelerating kidney hypertrophy by nephrectomy. Early segmental glomerular lesions occurred in the absence of a detectable reduction in average podocyte number per glomerulus and resulted from the loss of podocytes in individual glomerular capillary loops. Parietal epithelial cell division, accumulation on Bowmans capsule, and tuft invasion occurred at these sites. Three different interventions that prevented kidney growth and glomerular enlargement (calorie intake reduction, inhibition of mammalian ...
https://kidneycenter.med.umich.edu/node/583
Decay accelerating factor regulates complement activation on glomerular epithelial cells<...Decay accelerating factor regulates complement activation on glomerular epithelial cells<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Decay accelerating factor regulates complement activation on glomerular epithelial cells. AU - Quigg, R. J.. AU - Nicholson-Weller, A.. AU - Cybulsky, A. V.. AU - Badalamenti, John. AU - Salant, D. J.. PY - 1989. Y1 - 1989. N2 - Epithelial cells of the glomerular capillary are the site of C5b-9 mediated injury in rat membranous nephropathy. We investigated the regulation of C activation by cultured glomerular epithelial cells (GEC). Rat and human GEC were more resistant to C injury by homologous C than heterologous C. In human GEC homologous C cytotoxicity was enhanced by antiserum to decay accelerating factor (DAF) indicating that homologous C activation was, at least in part, restricted by membrane DAF. Anti-DAF immunoprecipitated a 67-kDa protein from human glomeruli. In rat GEC, pronase and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (which are known to inactivate human DAF) enhanced cytotoxicity by homologous C. Thus, DAF is present on human GEC in culture and in human ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/decay-accelerating-factor-regulates-complement-activation-on-glom
Glomerular changes in trisomy 18-related horseshoe kidney: report of a case and review of the literature | Journal of...Glomerular changes in trisomy 18-related horseshoe kidney: report of a case and review of the literature | Journal of...
A case of horseshoe kidney is reported in a 11 week-old fetus affected by trisomy 18. Macroscopic examination did not show any other pathological change. The histological picture of the fused-kidney was characterized by architectural and glomerular changes. At x 100 magnification, large areas of metanephric mesenchyme, characterized by spindle cells surrounded by a loose oedematous stroma, were detected in the deep cortex and in the medulla. At higher power, multiple glomerular changes were observed. Maldeveloped glomeruli showed enlarged capsular spaces, adhesions between vascular tuft and capsular cells, podocytes in multiple layers, and large glomerular bodies formed by two vascular tufts. Our data confirm previous reports on glomerular changes in horseshoe kidney, and reinforce the hypothesis that horseshoe kidney should not be considered a simple fusion problem, but a complex developmental abnormality, possibly involving glomerular development.. ...
https://jpnim.com/index.php/jpnim/article/view/010104
Novel haemodynamic structures in the human glomerulusNovel haemodynamic structures in the human glomerulus
Afferent and efferent arterioles (21.5±1.2µm and 15.9±1.2µm diameter), recognised from vascular origins, lead into previously undescribed wider regions (43.2±2.8 µm and 38.4±4.9 µm diameter) we have termed vascular chambers (VCs) embedded in the mesangium of the vascular pole. Afferent VC(AVC) volume was 1.6 fold greater than Efferent VC(EVC) volume. From the AVC long non-branching high capacity conduit vessels (n=7) (Con; 15.9±0.7µm diameter) led to the glomerular edge where branching was more frequent. Conduit vessels have fewer podocytes than filtration capillaries. VCs were confirmed in fixed and unfixed specimens with a layer of banded collagen identified in AVC walls by multiphoton and electron microscopy. Thirteen highly branched efferent first order vessels (E1;9.9±0.4µm diam.) converge on the EVC draining into the efferent arteriole (15.9±1.2µm diam.). Banded collagen was scarce around EVC ...
https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/940145
Leicester Research Archive: Monocyte- and Endothelial-Derived Microparticles Induce an Inflammatory Phenotype in Human...
Background/Aims: Proteinuria is associated with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Microparticles (MPs) are bioactive vesicles shed from activated cells and also linked to cardiovascular disease. MP-like structures have been identified in the glomerular basement membrane, urinary space and between the glomerular basement membrane and the podocyte. We hypothesised that circulating MPs may provide a link between vascular injury and kidney diseases by inducing podocyte phenotypic alterations, thus propagating glomerular dysfunction and proteinuria. Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and U937 monocytes were stimulated with TNF-α to produce MPs. These MPs were confirmed by electron microscopy, and added to differentiated podocyte monolayers to determine effects on podocyte albumin endocytosis and the production of soluble mediators. Results:Monocyte and endothelial MPs upregulated podocyte production of pro-inflammatory mediators monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p , 0.001) and ...
https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/23761
Plus itPlus it
35S-glycosaminoglycan metabolism by glomeruli isolated from streptozotocin-diabetic and control rats was studied in vivo and in vitro. Total 35S-glycosaminoglycan synthesis and retention in the matrix by diabetic glomeruli was reduced while degradation was increased. 35S-glycosaminoglycan content of isolated GBM was similarly decreased. Whereas 35S-glycosaminoglycan content of glomeruli and GBM was decreased after in vitro incubation with 35SO4, a larger proportion of total 35S-glycosaminoglycans was found in the incubation medium from diabetic glomeruli. Both control and diabetic glomeruli synthesize 35S-labeled glycopeptides, the quantity from diabetic glomeruli being reduced. Aorta from 35SO4-injected diabetic rats also synthesized reduced quantities of 35S-glycosaminoglycans. There were no preferential metabolic alterations of species of 35S-glycosaminoglycans by diabetic glomeruli or aortas. These studies suggest that synthesis of 35S-glycosaminoglycans and 35S-glycopeptides by diabetic ...
https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/31/5/418
Identification of Cross-Species Shared Transcriptional Networks of Diabetic Nephropathy in Human and Mouse Glomeruli | DiabetesIdentification of Cross-Species Shared Transcriptional Networks of Diabetic Nephropathy in Human and Mouse Glomeruli | Diabetes
Novel approaches that directly compare animal models to humans with DN are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of the human disease. Such comparisons will help shift the focus away from pathways that are relevant to processes in models but not in humans. In the current study, we performed an unbiased transcriptomic comparison of glomerular gene expression in diabetic humans and mouse models of DN to identify shared pathways and networks of transcriptional dysregulation in kidney glomeruli in DN. By using a human type 2 diabetes cohort with a shared environment and genetic background and by comparing human glomerular gene expression from patients with either high or low albumin excretion, we were able to select for gene dysregulation that is likely relevant to human DN and not to diabetes alone or other nonspecific factors. By comparing these results with three well-characterized mouse models, we identified cross-species glomerular transcriptional networks shared between humans and mice ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/1/299.long
Increased Urine IgM and IgG(2) Levels, Indicating Decreased Glomerular Size Selectivity, Are Not Affected by Dalteparin Therapy...Increased Urine IgM and IgG(2) Levels, Indicating Decreased Glomerular Size Selectivity, Are Not Affected by Dalteparin Therapy...
article{ceaf5c21-9406-4692-ba33-21abec3e217d, abstract = {Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients with neuroischemic foot ulcers were randomised to treatment with 5000 IU of dalteparin, (n = 28), or physiological saline, (n = 26), once daily until ulcer healing or for a maximum of 6 months. Thirty-three patients had normo-, 15 micro-, and 6 macroalbuminuria. The urinary levels of IgM and IgG(2) were elevated in 47 and 50 patients, respectively. Elevated urinary levels of IgM and IgG(2) indicate decreased glomerular size selectivity. Urine IgM levels were associated with IGF-1/IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-1 levels. Dalteparin treatment increased urinary levels of glycosaminoglycans (P < 0.001) and serum IGFBP-1 (P < 0.05) while no significant effects were seen in any of the other studied parameters. In conclusion, dalteparin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes had no effects on urinary levels of albumin, IgM, or IgG(2) despite significantly increased glycosaminoglycans in urine. Elevated urinary ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/ceaf5c21-9406-4692-ba33-21abec3e217d
Three-dimensional architecture of the mesangial matrix - Comparison of the intact and acellular glomerulus -<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Three-dimensional architecture of the mesangial matrix - Comparison of the intact and acellular glomerulus -. AU - Makino, Hirofumi. AU - Ota, Zensuke. PY - 1989/1/1. Y1 - 1989/1/1. N2 - The three-dimensional ultrastructure of the rat mesangial matrix was studied in acellular rat renal cortex in comparison with intact cortex by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mesangial region was covered with fenestrated endothelial cells and was not identified in untreated specimens by SEM. Acellular renal cortex was obtained by perfusion with 4 mM EDTA, 3% Triton X-100, 0.0025% deoxyribonuclease in 1 M NaCl and 4% sodium deoxycholate. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial matrix maintained their respective shape and did not collapse even after removal of the cellular components. By SEM, the mesangial matrix appeared as fenestrated septa with oval or round stomata between the glomerular capillaries. The diameter of the stomata ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/three-dimensional-architecture-of-the-mesangial-matrix-comparison
The Players: Cells Involved in Glomerular Disease | American Society of NephrologyThe Players: Cells Involved in Glomerular Disease | American Society of Nephrology
Glomerular endothelial cells are uniquely adapted for selective permeability and filtration. Although the glomerular endothelium is continuous, it contains fenestrations, which cover up to 50% of the glomerular surface area (12). On conventional electron microscopy these fenestrations appear as ovoid transcellular holes, 60-70 nm in diameter (12). However, the fenestrations (and the glomerular endothelium itself) are covered by glycocalyx, a carbohydrate-rich, gel-like mesh with important roles in capillary permeability, regulation of the interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, and transduction of shear stress (12).. In some disease states, endothelial injury leads to altered microvascular permeability and albuminuria. Inflammatory stimuli increase permeability by widening endothelial cell-cell junctions, and in some instances, inducing transcellular holes (13). Endothelial disease is a feature of rapidly progressive forms of GN, including ANCA-associated GN, anti-GBM GN, and ...
https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/11/9/1664
Morphometry of kidney biopsy: number of glomeruli and accuracy of morphometric measurements | Université de LiègeMorphometry of kidney biopsy: number of glomeruli and accuracy of morphometric measurements | Université de Liège
Five kidney biopsies with diffuse changes containing 16 - 48 glomeruli were analysed morphometrically. After excluding profiles with a diameter smaller than 60% of the diameter of the largest glomerular tuft in the biopsy the coefficient of variation between glomeruli was 12 - 19 per cent for the following parameters: number of nuclei per glomerular area, surface density of glomerular BM, and the volume density of capillaries. The volume density of mesangium showed a CV of 27%. The biopsy should contain 1 - 4 glomerular profiles if one would like to keep the relative standard error (CV/√n) of these parameters under 15%. The estimates were tested by letting a computer to sample a glomerular data file in samples of 1 - 10 glomeruli. The probabilities for deviations larger than 10 - 20% of the unbiased value were calculated. Cellular proliferation (nuclear density) in the glomeruli can be estimated in biopsies with 2 glomeruli with a probability of 12% for a deviation of more than 20%. In samples ...
https://popups.ulg.ac.be/0351-580x/index.php?id=4311
SLK activity and appearance are increased during kidney advancement and recovery - EGF Prevents the Neuroendocrine...SLK activity and appearance are increased during kidney advancement and recovery - EGF Prevents the Neuroendocrine...
SLK activity and appearance are increased during kidney advancement and recovery from renal ischemia-reperfusion damage. understood poorly. The Ste20-like kinase SLK is certainly an organization V GCK portrayed in kidney tubular epithelial cells also to a lesser level in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GECs; podocytes). Previously we confirmed that appearance and activity of SLK had been elevated in rat fetal kidneys weighed against adult control kidneys which renal ischemia-reperfusion damage enhanced SLK appearance and activity in adult rat kidneys.7 Thus SLK is a renal epithelial proteins kinase whose expression and activity are increased during advancement and recovery from acute renal failure where injured tubular epithelial cells may regenerate by recapitulating developmental procedures.8 Moreover expression of SLK in mature and developing podocytes suggests a possible role in glomerulogenesis or glomerular injury. The regulatory and functional areas of SLK have obtained considerable ...
http://sprentland.com/slk-activity-and-appearance-are-increased-during-kidney-advancement-and-recovery/
Image 8: Normal glomerulus (EM)Image 8: Normal glomerulus (EM)
An electron micrograph of a normal glomerulus.. Explore the structures yourself by highlighting areas on the image or hover on items in the list below:. ...
https://ukidney.com/renal-pathology-tutorial/image-8-normal-glomerulus-em
Prevention of diabetic glomerulopathy by pharmacological amelioration of glomerular capillary hypertensionPrevention of diabetic glomerulopathy by pharmacological amelioration of glomerular capillary hypertension
Two groups of adult male Munich-Wistar rats and a third group of nondiabetic age-matched and weight-matched normal control rats underwent micropuncture study 1 mo, and morphologic studies 14 mo, after induction of streptozotocin diabetes or sham treatment. All animals were fed standard rat chow. Dia …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3011862/?dopt=Abstract
AT(1) receptor activation regulates the mRNA expression of CAT1, CAT2, arginase-1, and DDAH2 in preglomerular vessels from...AT(1) receptor activation regulates the mRNA expression of CAT1, CAT2, arginase-1, and DDAH2 in preglomerular vessels from...
Previously, we found increased expression of l-arginine metabolizing enzymes in both kidneys from two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats (Helle F, Hultstrom M, Skogstrand T, Palm F, Iversen BM. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296: F78-F86, 2009). In the present study, we investigate whether AT(1) receptor activation can induce the changes observed in 2K1C. Four groups of rats were infused with 80 ng/min ANG II or saline for 14 days and/or given 60 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) losartan. Gene expression was studied in isolated preglomerular vessels by RT-PCR. Dose-responses to ANG II were studied in isolated preglomerular vessels with and without acute NOS inhibition [10(-4) mol/l N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)]. Expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), caveolin-1, and arginase-2 were not changed by ANG II infusion. CAT1 (0.3 8 +/- 0.07 to 0.73 +/- 0.12, P , 0.05), CAT2 (1.14 +/- 0.29 to 2.74 +/- 0.48), DDAH2 (1.09 +/- 0.27 to 2.3 +/- 0.46), and arginase-1 (1.08 +/- 0.17 to ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:538959
Cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitors impair glomerulogenesis and renal cortical development. - Semantic ScholarCyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitors impair glomerulogenesis and renal cortical development. - Semantic Scholar
BACKGROUND Antenatal exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with renal dysgenesis in humans. METHODS These studies characterized cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) versus COX-1-selective inhibition on nephrogenesis in the rodent using histomorphometry, immunohistology, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Administration of a COX-2-selective inhibitor (SC58236), started during pregnancy until weaning, significantly impaired development of the renal cortex and reduced glomerular diameter in both mice and rats. An identical phenotype was demonstrated in COX-2 -/- mice. In contrast to its effects on the developing kidney, a COX-2 inhibitor had no effect on glomerular volume in adult mice. This effect was specific for COX-2 because maternal administration of a COX-1-selective inhibitor (SC58560) did not affect renal development despite significantly inhibiting gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in pups. The expression of COX-2 immunoreactivity peaked in the first
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cyclooxygenase-2-selective-inhibitors-impair-glome-K%C3%B6mhoff-Wang/8af23708d6be2c677682b502f26c046280dc6fbe
human biology - Why are lipid-soluble substances harder to excrete? - Biology Stack Exchangehuman biology - Why are lipid-soluble substances harder to excrete? - Biology Stack Exchange
You need to understand how renal ultrafiltration works to answer this question.. In the glomerulus, hydrostatic pressure forces fluid (filtrate) across 3 barriers into the collecting tubule. The first is the membrane of the glomerular capillary, which has fenestrations (pores) which are about 8um wide; only molecules smaller than 8um and\or molecules that can diffuse across a lipid bilayer will pass this membrane. Next, they must pass the glomerular basement membrane, which has a slight negative charge. Any negatively charged molecules will be repelled and not excreted. Last, they must pass through the filtration slits formed by the interdigitations of podocytes that are applied to the glomerular basement membrane. This is also a very narrow passage and has a slight negative charge. Now, none of those seems to immediately preclude hydrophobic molecules from passing through the glomerulus... but how do they get there? They have to be dissolved in blood! But thats impossible if theyre ...
https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/40364/why-are-lipid-soluble-substances-harder-to-excrete
Histo-morphometrical Study On Kidney Glomeruli And Cortical Tubule In Late Pregnancy.Histo-morphometrical Study On Kidney Glomeruli And Cortical Tubule In Late Pregnancy.
Background: Maternal accommodation to normal pregnancy begins shortly after conception,during pregnancy the anatomical and histological changes occur in the kidneyas a maternal adaptation for physiological
http://www.journalijar.com/article/13775/histo-morphometrical-study-on-kidney-glomeruli-and-cortical-tubule-in-late-pregnancy./
Fibronectin localization in the rat glomerulus., The Journal of Cell Biology | 10.1083/jcb.87.3.691 | DeepDyveFibronectin localization in the rat glomerulus., The Journal of Cell Biology | 10.1083/jcb.87.3.691 | DeepDyve
Read Fibronectin localization in the rat glomerulus., The Journal of Cell Biology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/rockefeller-university-press/fibronectin-localization-in-the-rat-glomerulus-vhlWtHbkUf?impressionId=5f69882ae7953&i_medium=docview&i_campaign=references&i_source=references
Glomerular filtration | Deranged PhysiologyGlomerular filtration | Deranged Physiology
Glomerular filtration is influenced by Starling forces acting on the glomerulus (for water) and the size and charge barrier of the glomerular filtration membrane (for solutes). The net ultrafiltration rate of the glomerulus depends on the permeability of the filtration surface to water and to the net filtration pressure, which is a balance of hydrostatic pressures and oncotic pressures between the glomerular capillaries and Bowmans space.
https://derangedphysiology.com/main/cicm-primary-exam/required-reading/renal-system/Chapter%20003/glomerular-filtration
Cross-Talk between the Kidney and the Cardiovascular System | American Society of NephrologyCross-Talk between the Kidney and the Cardiovascular System | American Society of Nephrology
It presumably is easy to convince the reader that renal dysfunction is bad for cardiovascular outcome. It is much more difficult to explain why there is a link between kidney and the cardiovascular system. For instance, why do endothelial cells, say, of a coronary artery, know that the glomerulus leaks protein. It is easy to envisage that in the glomerulus, endothelial cells are affected by altered function of podocytes, the main controller of glomerular permselectivity. There is overwhelming evidence of intense cross-talk between podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells that is mediated primarily by vascular endothelial growth factor (77,78). The interaction between leaking glomeruli and endothelial cells in the systemic circulation, however, remains enigmatic. Little evidence has come forward for the original hypothesis of a common abnormality of charge or composition of the basal membrane of glomeruli and extrarenal vessels, respectively (3). Although the role of podocytes in controlling ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/8/2112?ijkey=d0b0ce78b66cb70bd66466b0129dc0d8d76b153d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Prostaglandins and the kidney in diabetes | SpringerLinkProstaglandins and the kidney in diabetes | SpringerLink
The kidney is an active site of prostaglandin synthesis. These autacoids can influence renal haemodynamics, glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion....
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00573491
Lupus glomerular disease
Medical information, Lupus glomerular disease. Definition of Lupus glomerular disease, symptoms of Lupus glomerular disease, treatment of Lupus glomerular disease, and prevention of Lupus glomerular disease. Exams and Tests Lupus glomerular disease.
http://diseasereference.net/info/lupus-nephritis/208410.html
Localization of the C3b receptors in human renal glomeruli. -...Localization of the C3b receptors in human renal glomeruli. -...
Localization of the C3b receptors in human renal glomeruli.: Cryostat sections of human kidney were incubated with C3b containing immune complexes. The complexe
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/localization-c3b-receptors-human-renal-glomeruli-dc821c98
Glomerulus, light micrograph - Stock Image C024/0077 - Science Photo LibraryGlomerulus, light micrograph - Stock Image C024/0077 - Science Photo Library
Light microscopy of a glomerulus in the kidney. Glomeruli also known as renal corpuscles, are formed by convoluted loops of branched capillaries enclosed by a capsule arising from a blind-ending renal tubule. Capillary blood is filtered as plasma into the space surrounding the capillary loops and is called Bowmans space. This primary filtrate enters the renal tubule system termed nephrons where reabsorptions, secretions, and fluid exchanges result in the production of urine by the kidney. Magnification x580 when narrow width printed at 10 cm. - Stock Image C024/0077
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/649503/view
Mouse Renal Glomerular Endothelial Cells | Creative BioarrayMouse Renal Glomerular Endothelial Cells | Creative Bioarray
Mouse Renal Glomerular Endothelial Cells are isolated from normal mouse renal tissue. The cells are characterized by immunofluorescence with antibodies specific to vWF, CD31. T25 flasks is required for cell adhension to the culture vessels. Grow cells in ECM-coated culture vessels with 5% CO2. Each vial contains at least 1x10^6 cells per ml ...
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/Mouse-Renal-Glomerular-Endothelial-Cells-CSC-C9371W-item-42245.htm
Deakin University / All LocationsDeakin University / All Locations
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE ...
http://library.deakin.edu.au/search~S1?/dNephrology./dnephrology/-3,-1,0,B/browse
Stephanie Oberhaus | School of MedicineStephanie Oberhaus | School of Medicine
Published on 5/1/2002. Ledford AW, Brantley JG, Kemeny G, Foreman TL, Quaggin SE, Igarashi P, Oberhaus SM, Rodova M, Calvet JP, Vanden Heuvel GB. Deregulated expression of the homeobox gene Cux-1 in transgenic mice results in downregulation of p27(kip1) expression during nephrogenesis, glomerular abnormalities, and multiorgan hyperplasia. Dev Biol. 2002 May 1; 245(1):157-71. PMID: 11969263.. Read at: PubMed ...
http://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/profile/stephanie-oberhaus/
mesanagial cells - Renal Fellow Networkmesanagial cells - Renal Fellow Network
Mesangial cells-which historically have received less attention than their more sexy neighbor cell types of the glomerulus such as podocytes & endothelial cells-are actually quite interesting. They were originally seen as having purely a matrix function-that is, serving as the anchor points for the glomerular capillary walls. However the evolving view of the mesangial cell is that this cell type has other important functions, including:. ...
https://www.renalfellow.org/2008/12/04/mesanagial-cells/
Akutt nyresvikt, oversikt - NHI.noAkutt nyresvikt, oversikt - NHI.no
Nyrene er et par små, bønneformede organer som ligger på hver side av ryggsøylen bak i bukhulen på høyde med midjen. Hver nyre inneholder ca. en million filtreringsenheter kalt nefroner. Et nefron består av en glomerulus og en tubulus. En glomerulus er en sammensatt struktur som består av mange bittesmå blodkar. Fra glomerulus går et slyngeformet rørsystem (tubuli). Nefronene filterer blodet ditt og holder blodet fritt for avfallsstoffer og giftstoffer. Glomerulus. Første trinn i filtrasjonen av blodet i nyrene er at blodet passerer inn i glomeruli ved en mikroskopisk lekkasje av blod fra ørsmå blodårer (kapillærer). Blodet filtreres slik at avfallsstoffer og vann skilles ut, mens de røde blodcellene, proteiner og større molekyler blir igjen i kapillærene. Foruten avfallsstoffene blir også noen nyttige stoffer filtrert ut. Filtratet samles opp i en sekk som kalles Bowmans kapsel og dreneres så over i tubulus. Tubulus. Passeringen av filtratet gjennom tubulus er neste fase i ...
https://nhi.no/sykdommer/nyrerurinveier/akutt-nyresvikt/akutt-nyresvikt-oversikt/
Complement 3 Glomerulopathy (C3G) Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast -2030Complement 3 Glomerulopathy (C3G) Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast -2030
DelveInsights Complement 3 Glomerulopathy (C3G) - Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast-2030 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Co
https://www.bharatbook.com/report/complement-glomerulopathy-cg-market-insight-epidemiology-and-market-forecast
glomerulopathy - TÅ‚umaczenie po polsku - SÅ‚ownik angielsko-polski Dikiglomerulopathy - TÅ‚umaczenie po polsku - SÅ‚ownik angielsko-polski Diki
glomerulopathy - tłumaczenie na polski oraz definicja. Co znaczy i jak powiedzieć glomerulopathy po polsku? - glomerulopatia (choroba kłębuszków nerkowych)
https://www.diki.pl/slownik-angielskiego?q=glomerulopathy
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis Histology - Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
diabetic glomerulosclerosis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis icd 10, diabetic glomerulosclerosis symptoms, diabetic glomerulosclerosis histology, diabetic glomerulosclerosis definition, diabetic glomerulosclerosis pathophysiology, diabetic glomerulosclerosis pathology outlines, diabetic glomerulosclerosis treatment, diabetic glomerulosclerosis pathogenesis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis proteinuria
https://bowlfordiabetes.ca/diabetic-glomerulosclerosis
Human Glomerular Basement Membrane: Chemical Alteration in Diabetes Mellitus | ScienceHuman Glomerular Basement Membrane: Chemical Alteration in Diabetes Mellitus | Science
The human glomerular basement membrane belongs to the collagen family of proteins. It contains about 7 percent carbohydrate, half of which occurs as glucosylgalactose disaccharide units linked to hydroxylysine. Glomeruli from diabetics contain increased amounts of basement membrane material. In addition, these membranes show a distict chemical alteration c haracterized by a significant decrease in lysine, accoumpanied by an equivalent increase in hydroxylysine and hydroxylysine-linked disaccharide units. ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/168/3931/596
Glomerular extracellular matrices in rat diabetic glomerulopathy by scanning electron microscopy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Glomerular extracellular matrices in rat diabetic glomerulopathy by scanning electron microscopy. AU - Makino, H.. AU - Yamasaki, Y.. AU - Hironaka, K.. AU - Ota, Z.. PY - 1992/12/1. Y1 - 1992/12/1. N2 - Characteristic pathological changes in the glomeruli in diabetic nephropathy include expansion of the mesangial matrix and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Using an acellular digestion technique combined with scanning electron microscopy, the three-dimensional ultrastructural changes in glomerular extracellular matrices were studied in rats with diabetic glomerulopathy. Diabetes was induced by the intravenous injection of streptozotocin and morphological analyses were performed 3, 6 and 11 months after the injection. Expansion of mesangial area and GBM thickening became evident with time. After treatment with the series of detergents, all cellular components were completely removed leaving the extracellular matrices intact. In normal controls, the mesangial ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/glomerular-extracellular-matrices-in-rat-diabetic-glomerulopathy-
Hemodynamic effects on glomerular permselectivity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hemodynamic effects on glomerular permselectivity. AU - Hostetler, Thomas H.. AU - Rosenberg, Mark E.. PY - 1990/1/1. Y1 - 1990/1/1. N2 - Glomerular capillary hemodynamics influence glomerular permselectivity to macromolecules, and alterations in these factors can evoke proteinuria. Changes in hemodynamic patterns can alter protein flux by changing its diffusion- or concentration-driven movement in the presence of a constant membrane barrier. Alternatively, hemodynamic forces may disrupt, transiently or irreversibly, the permeability characteristics of the capillary barrier. Maneuvers that lower glomerular capillary pressure appear capable of reversing at least in pan, these latter permeability defects. Angiotensin II, provoked by higher levels of dietary protein intake, may be a particularly important mediator of proteinuria both through its effects on diffusion-mediated protein leakage and its tendency to provoke permeability defects due to heightening of glomerular capillary ...
https://minnesota-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hemodynamic-effects-on-glomerular-permselectivity
Diabetic glomerulosclerosis | Article about diabetic glomerulosclerosis by The Free DictionaryDiabetic glomerulosclerosis | Article about diabetic glomerulosclerosis by The Free Dictionary
Looking for diabetic glomerulosclerosis? Find out information about diabetic glomerulosclerosis. intercapillary glomerulosclerosis Explanation of diabetic glomerulosclerosis
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/diabetic+glomerulosclerosis
Glomerular parietal epithelial cells in kidney physiology, pathology, and repair.Glomerular parietal epithelial cells in kidney physiology, pathology, and repair.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We have summarized recently published glomerular parietal epithelial cell (PEC) research, focusing on their roles in glomerular development and physiology, and in certain glomerular diseases. The rationale is that PECs have been largely ignored until the recent availability of cell lineage tracing studies, human and murine PEC culture systems, and potential therapeutic interventions of PECs. RECENT FINDINGS: Several new paradigms involving PECs have emerged demonstrating their significant contribution to glomerular physiology and numerous glomerular diseases. A subset of PECs serving as podocyte progenitors have been identified in normal human glomeruli. They provide a source for podocytes in adolescent mice, and their numbers increase in states of podocyte depletion. PEC progenitor number is increased by retinoids and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. However, dysregulated growth of PEC progenitors leads to pseudo-crescent and crescent formation. In focal segmental ...
https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/822480
DSpace at EWHA: Podocyte biology in diabetic nephropathyDSpace at EWHA: Podocyte biology in diabetic nephropathy
Glomerular visceral epithelial cells, namely podocytes, are highly specialized cells and give rise to primary processes, secondary processes, and finally foot processes. The foot processes of neighboring podocytes interdigitate, leaving between them filtration slits. These are bridged by an extracellular substance, known as the slit diaphragm, which plays a major role in establishing size-selective barrier to protein loss. Furthermore, podocytes are known to synthesize matrix molecules to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), including type IV collagen, laminin, entactin, and agrin. Because diabetic nephropathy is clinically characterized by proteinuria and pathologically by glomerular hypertrophy and GBM thickening with foot process effacement, podocytes have been the focus in the field of research on diabetic nephropathy. As a result, many investigations have demonstrated that the diabetic milieu per se, hemodynamic changes, and local growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β and ...
http://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/234416
Effect of antibody charge and concentration on deposition of antibody to glomerular basement membrane<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of antibody charge and concentration on deposition of antibody to glomerular basement membrane. AU - Madaio, Michael P.. AU - Salant, D. J.. AU - Adler, S.. AU - Darby, C.. AU - Couser, W. G.. PY - 1984/1/1. Y1 - 1984/1/1. N2 - Fixed anionic sites within the glomerular capillary wall influence the permeation of serum proteins, the localization of various antigens, and the deposition of antibody in the subepithelial space. In anti-GBM nephritis antibody deposition occurs very rapidly to antigenic sites located relatively proximal in the glomerular capillary wall. We examined the influence of the glomerular charge barrier on anti-GBM antibody deposition by comparing the rate of deposition of antibodies with cationic and anionic isoelectric points. Purified sheep anti-rat GBM IgG was isolated from acid eluates of kidneys obtained 24 hr after rats were injected with sheep antiserum to rat GBM. Anti-GBM IgG was separated into cationic (pI 6.4-8.5) and anionic (pI 4.2-6.8) ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-antibody-charge-and-concentration-on-deposition-of-anti
JCI - CD8+ cells and glomerular crescent formation: outside-in as well as inside-outJCI - CD8+ cells and glomerular crescent formation: outside-in as well as inside-out
Crescentic glomerulonephritis, a complication of severe immune glomerular injury, is the pathological correlate of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, mediated by both humoral and cellular effectors. In the current issue of the JCI, Chen et al. have implicated Bowmans capsule in functionally isolating potentially immune effectors, specifically antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, from podocytes. They suggest that, in crescentic glomerulonephritis, immune-mediated glomerular endothelial injury results in inside-out injury to the glomerulus, with subsequent leukocyte migration through a weakened or ruptured Bowmans capsule, resulting in outside-in injury. Effector T cells then recognize nephritogenic antigens presented by podocytes or other cells within the urinary space, enhancing injury and crescent formation.. ...
https://moju67.cn.www.mobile.jci.org/articles/view/122045/pdf
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Kidney International (1987), 31(1), 32-40. A proliferative glomerulonephritis was induced in rats pre-immunized with rabbit IgG by injecting intravenously a sub-nephrotoxic dose of rabbit anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) IgG (A rats). Most ... [more â–¼]. A proliferative glomerulonephritis was induced in rats pre-immunized with rabbit IgG by injecting intravenously a sub-nephrotoxic dose of rabbit anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) IgG (A rats). Most rats (80%) developed a severe proteinuria (greater than 100 mg/24 hr) within two to five days after the injection of anti-GBM IgG. At the same time, microscopic examination of the kidneys revealed a glomerular infiltration by mononuclear phagocytes and a prominent decrease in the intensity of the colloidal iron reaction in glomeruli. A non-proliferative glomerular disease was induced in another group of rats (B rats) by intraperitoneal administration of aminonucleoside of puromycin. A marked proteinuria (greater than 100 mg/24 hr) ...
http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/browse?type=author&value=Dechenne,%20Charles%20p006178
Biophysical properties of normal and diseased renal glomeruli<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Biophysical properties of normal and diseased renal glomeruli. AU - Wyss, Hans M.. AU - Henderson, Joel M.. AU - Byfield, Fitzroy J.. AU - Bruggeman, Leslie A.. AU - Ding, Yaxian. AU - Huang, Chunfa. AU - Suh, Jung Hee. AU - Franke, Thomas. AU - Mele, Elisa. AU - Pollak, Martin R.. AU - Miner, Jeffrey H.. AU - Janmey, Paul A.. AU - Weitz, David A.. AU - Miller, R. Tyler. PY - 2011/3. Y1 - 2011/3. N2 - The mechanical properties of tissues and cells including renal glomeruli are important determinants of their differentiated state, function, and responses to injury but are not well characterized or understood. Understanding glomerular mechanics is important for understanding renal diseases attributable to abnormal expression or assembly of structural proteins and abnormal hemodynamics. We use atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a new technique, capillary micromechanics, to measure the elastic properties of rat glomeruli. The Youngs modulus of glomeruli was 2,500 Pa, and it was ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/biophysical-properties-of-normal-and-diseased-renal-glomeruli
Super-resolution Evaluation Of The Glomerular Basement Membrane Changes In The Course Of Transplant Glomerulopathy - ATC...Super-resolution Evaluation Of The Glomerular Basement Membrane Changes In The Course Of Transplant Glomerulopathy - ATC...
Purpose: Transplant Glomerulopathy (TG) is a histologic entity that affects around 20% of kidney allografts by 5 years post transplantation and results in a significant decrease in kidney allograft survival. TG is mainly characterized by increased thickness or duplication of Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM). This aberrant thickness is suggested to be associated with endothelial injury and mal-repair cycles, as well as features of podocytes injury. Based on our published molecular reference map of the human GBM, the goal of this study is to evaluate the composition of the thickened GBM associated with TG using super-resolution microscopic techniques. *Methods: Two super-resolution techniques were used for this study: STORM (Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) and Airyscan. For STORM, freshly collected kidney biopsies with TG were processed for imaging using Tokuyasus method and ultrathin sectioned at 200 nm thickness. For Airyscan, formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples were ...
https://atcmeetingabstracts.com/abstract/super-resolution-evaluation-of-the-glomerular-basement-membrane-changes-in-the-course-of-transplant-glomerulopathy/
Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is effective in the treatment of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis...
Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is known to be important in cytokine production and cell survival in inflammation. This study examined the effect of inhibiting p38 MAPK after onset of renal injury in an experimental model of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, this study investigated whether p38 MAPK inhibition would cause widespread suppression of the cytokine network in vivo or uncontrolled apoptosis. In the in vivo studies, daily treatment with a p38 MAPKalpha/beta inhibitor was started 1 h (early treatment study) or 4 d (late treatment study) after induction of nephrotoxic nephritis in Wistar Kyoto rats. The treated rats remained healthy with normal weight gain during the study. Both early and late treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor reduced renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels, the number of glomerular macrophages, the severity of tissue injury, and proteinuria compared with the vehicle group. Unexpected, treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor did not
https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/217274
Stokes Flow Through a Row of Cylinders Between Parallel Walls: Model for the Glomerular Slit Diaphragm | Journal of...Stokes Flow Through a Row of Cylinders Between Parallel Walls: Model for the Glomerular Slit Diaphragm | Journal of...
As a model for flow through the slit diaphragms which connect the epithelial foot processes of renal glomerular capillaries, finite element solutions of Stokes equations were obtained for flow perpendicular to a row of cylinders confined between parallel walls. A dimensionless additional resistance (f ), defined as the increment in resistance above the Poiseuille flow value, was computed for L/W ≤4 and 0.1≤ R/L ≤0.9, where L is half the distance between cylinder centers, W is half the distance between walls and R is the cylinder radius. Two factors contributed to f : the drag on the cylinders, and the incremental shear stresses on the walls of the channel. Of these two factors, the drag on the cylinders tended to be dominant. A more complex representation of the slit diaphragm, suggested in the literature, was also considered. The predicted hydraulic permeability of the slit diaphragm was compared with experimental values of the overall hydraulic permeability of the glomerular capillary ...
http://biomechanical.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1399798
WWC1 promotes podocyte survival via stabilizing slit diaphragm protein dendrinWWC1 promotes podocyte survival via stabilizing slit diaphragm protein dendrin
The terminally differentiated podocyte functions as a critical barrier to prevent proteinuria, and proteinuria is the clinical signature for podocyte injury, with or without loss of renal functions. Emerging experimental and clinical studies have highlighted that loss of podocyte directly causes proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, owing to podocyte apoptosis or detachment (24-27). The present study demonstrated, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that kidney and brain associated protein WWC1, is a critical molecular in podocyte injury. Reduced WWC1 expression was identified in injured podocytes, and loss of WWC1 directly induced podocyte apoptosis. In addition further evidence was obtained that WWC1 protected podocytes from apoptosis by preventing SD protein dendrin from relocating into nuclei.. The expression of WWC1 (KIBRA), the mammalian ortholog of Kibra, has been observed to be enriched in kidney and brain (18). In Drosophila, Kibra predominantly acts in the Merlin branch ...
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/mmr/16/6/8685?text=fulltext
Compensatory Glomerulopathy | Pathway Medicine
Chronic hyperfiltration ultimately results in injury to the cells of the glomerulus. It appears that hypertrophy and hyperfiltration of the glomerular capillary tuft is not compensated by expansion of the podocytes. This mismatch ultimately results in dysregulation of podocytes which are a key component of selective glomerular filtration. With the loss of glomerular barrier selectivity, plasma proteins leak into the mesangium, causing mesangial sclerosis and proliferation of mesangial cells. Ultimately, the progressive glomerulosclerosis (sometimes very similar to Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis) leads to collapse of the glomerular capillaries and eventually the affected glomerulus is completely destroyed. This only serves to place further functional pressure on the remaining glomeruli which accelerates their eventual demise ...
http://pathwaymedicine.org/Compensatory-Glomerulopathy
Creative Bioarray Launches Human Podocyte Cell Line to Study the Maturation of Podocytes - WisconsinchronicleCreative Bioarray Launches Human Podocyte Cell Line to Study the Maturation of Podocytes - Wisconsinchronicle
The human podocyte cell line (CIHP-1) is a primary cell line isolated from human kidney. Podocytes are highly complex terminally differentiated cells with complex cell structures. They are a key component of glomerular filtration. Cell cycle control, growth arrest and differentiation are the keys to the biology of podocytes in vivo. Conditionally immortal podocyte cell lines allow an in vitro maturation process, similar to the development and maturation of podocytes in vivo. The result is a uniform and stable cell source, showing the expression of key antigen markers for differentiated in vivo podocytes, including the novel podocyte proteins nephrin, podocin, CD2AP and synaptopod protein. This powerful cell line has been extensively characterized and validated, and has been used in more than 100 peer-reviewed publications worldwide to date.. The immortalized human podocytes provided by Creative Bioarray are podocytes isolated from urine samples of healthy donors and have been transformed with ...
http://news.wisconsinchronicle.com/story/261789/creative-bioarray-launches-human-podocyte-cell-line-to-study-the-maturation-of-podocytes.html
Abstract 118: Role of Connecting Tubule Glomerular Feedback in Tubuloglomerular Feedback Resetting After Unilateral Nephrectomy...Abstract 118: Role of Connecting Tubule Glomerular Feedback in Tubuloglomerular Feedback Resetting After Unilateral Nephrectomy...
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CTGF) autoregulate nephronal afferent arteriolar resistance. In TGF, the macula densa signals the afferent arteriole to constrict when NaCl transport is enhanced by increased luminal NaCl, via sodium[[Unable to Display Character: –]]potassium-2-chloride cotransporter-2 (NKCC2). CTGF is mediated by connecting tubule sodium transport via epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and dilates the afferent arteriole. Attenuation or resetting of TGF occurs after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX), but the mechanism behind this resetting remains unclear. This TGF resetting after UNX has been implicated in progressive glomerular damage due to sustained increase in glomerular capillary pressure. Since TGF is attenuated after UNX, we sought to test the hypothesis that CTGF is enhanced and that it contributes to TGF resetting after UNX. To test this hypothesis, we performed right side UNX in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. 24 hours after surgery, ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/66/Suppl_1/A118
Foxc2 is essential for po… - University of Gothenburg, SwedenFoxc2 is essential for po… - University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Foxc2 is one of the earliest podocyte markers during glomerular development. To circumvent embryonic lethal effects of global deletion of Foxc2, and to specifically investigate the role of Foxc2 in podocytes, we generated mice with a podocyte-specific Foxc2 deletion. Mice carrying the homozygous deletion developed early proteinuria which progressed rapidly into end stage kidney failure and death around postnatal day 10. Conditional loss of Foxc2 in podocytes caused typical characteristics of podocyte injury, such as podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte microvillus transformation, probably caused by disruption of the slit diaphragm. These effects were accompanied by a redistribution of several proteins known to be necessary for correct podocyte structure. One target gene that showed reduced glomerular expression was Nrp1, the gene encoding neuropilin 1, a protein that has been linked to diabetic nephropathy and proteinuria. We could show that NRP1 was regulated by Foxc2 in vitro, but ...
https://gu.se/english/research/publication/?tipFriend=true&tipUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgu.se%2Fenglish%2Fresearch%2Fpublication%2F%3Fprint%3Dtrue%26publicationId%3D280479&print=true&publicationId=280479
Morphological and functional evidence for an important role of the endothelial cell glycocalyx in the glomerular barrierMorphological and functional evidence for an important role of the endothelial cell glycocalyx in the glomerular barrier
In this study, we pursued the somewhat controversial issue whether the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the endothelial cell glycocalyx are important for glomerular size and charge selectivity. In isoflurane-anesthetized mice, Intralipid droplets were used as indirect markers of the glomerular endothelial cell-surface layer, i.e., the glycocalyx. The mice were given intravenous injections of GAG-degrading enzymes, which due to their high molecular weight remained and acted intravascularly. Flow-arrested kidneys were fixed and prepared for electron microscopy, and the distance between glomerular endothelial cells and the luminal Intralipid droplets was measured. The relative frequency of Intralipid droplets was calculated for each 50-nm increment zone up to 500 nm from the endothelial cell membrane surface as were the mean distances. Glomerular size and charge selectivity were estimated from the clearance data for neutral Ficolls (molecular radii of 12-72 A), and albumin in isolated kidneys was ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:738832
Immunopathogenesis of membranous nephropathy: an updateImmunopathogenesis of membranous nephropathy: an update
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a non-inflammatory organ-specific autoimmune disease which affects the kidney glomerulus, resulting in the formation of immune deposits on the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane, complement-mediated proteinuria, and severe renal failure in 30% of patients …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24715030/
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice Lacking CD2-Associated Protein | ScienceCongenital Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice Lacking CD2-Associated Protein | Science
Compared with the glomeruli of age-matched wild-type mice (Fig. 2A), some of the glomeruli in 1-week-old KO mice showed increases in size and cellularity, suggesting a congenital defect (Fig. 2B). Kidney tubules appeared normal. At 2 weeks of age, almost all glomeruli were affected, and many had evidence of mesangial deposits (Fig. 2C). By 4 weeks, glomeruli were sclerotic, with increased deposits and distended capillary loops (Fig. 2D). There was never any evidence of inflammation.. Electron microscopic (EM) examination of the kidneys indicated that the initial defect involved the podocytes (8). Kidneys from 1-week-old animals showed loss of foot process integrity with obliteration of the spaces between the foot processes (Fig. 3, B and C). These changes were found in all glomeruli and in all capillary loops. However, at this stage, normal foot processes were also present (Fig. 3C). No anomalies of the GBM or endothelial cells were detected. Older animals showed worsening of the foot process ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/286/5438/312?ijkey=5051e56f122b3f598db8b3b61d9e8bd2a303c09b&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Current concepts of renal hemodynamics in diabetes<...Current concepts of renal hemodynamics in diabetes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Current concepts of renal hemodynamics in diabetes. AU - Anderson, Sharon. AU - Vora, Jiten P.. PY - 1995/1/1. Y1 - 1995/1/1. N2 - Glomerular hyperfiltration has long been recognized in insulin-dependent diabetes, and has been more recently recognized in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus as well. Experimentally, glomerular hyperfiltration has been shown to result from elevations in the glomerular capillary blood flow and the glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC). Of the hemodynamic determinants of hyperfiltration, it is glomerular hypertension that is most damaging to the glomerulus. Experimental and clinical studies have confirmed that antihypertensive agents that lower PGC more consistently slow the progression of injury than do those that fail to control glomerular hypertension. The pathogenesis of diabetic hyperfiltration is multifactoral. Many mediators have been proposed, including changes due to the altered metabolic milieu, and alterations in ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/current-concepts-of-renal-hemodynamics-in-diabetes-2
A case of familial glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits caused by the Y973C mutation in fibronectin<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A case of familial glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits caused by the Y973C mutation in fibronectin. AU - Ertoy Baydar, Dilek. AU - Kutlugun, Aysun Aybal. AU - Bresin, Elena. AU - Piras, Rossella. PY - 2013/3. Y1 - 2013/3. N2 - Glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits is a rare hereditary kidney disease characterized by the extensive deposition of fibronectin in glomeruli, particularly in mesangial regions and subendothelial zones. Prognostically, the disease is known as slowly progressive, leading to kidney failure in most cases. We recently diagnosed glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits in a 24-year-old man in whom proteinuria was detected incidentally. Genetic analysis of the fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene showed heterozygosity for the Y973C mutation. The same mutation was found in his elder brother, who similarly experienced proteinuria. Both patients had normal kidney function but persistent proteinuria after 30 months and 11 years of follow-up, respectively.. AB - ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-case-of-familial-glomerulopathy-with-fibronectin-deposits-cause
A common glomerular transcriptomic signature distinguishes diabetic kidney disease from other kidney diseases in humans and...A common glomerular transcriptomic signature distinguishes diabetic kidney disease from other kidney diseases in humans and...
Principal component analysis controlled for mouse background, revealed that gene expression changes in glomeruli from humans with DKD are more similar to those of diabetic mice than they are to other human glomerular diseases. This similarity enabled the construction of a discriminatory classifier that distinguishes diabetic glomeruli from other glomerular phenotypes regardless of their species of origin. To identify where the commonality between mice and humans with diabetes lies, networks of maximally perturbed protein interactions were examined, identifying a central role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). By immunohistochemical staining, we found EGFR to be approximately doubled in its glomerular expression in both humans and mice.. ...
https://www.em-consulte.com/article/1397827
JCI - WelcomeJCI - Welcome
Nephrin is a key functional component of the slit diaphragm, the structurally unresolved molecular filter in renal glomerular capillaries. Abnormal nephrin or its absence results in severe proteinuria and loss of the slit diaphragm. The diaphragm is a thin extracellular membrane spanning the approximately 40-nm-wide filtration slit between podocyte foot processes covering the capillary surface. Using electron tomography, we show that the slit diaphragm comprises a network of winding molecular strands with pores the same size as or smaller than albumin molecules, as demonstrated in humans, rats, and mice. In the network, which is occasionally stratified, immunogold-nephrin antibodies labeled individually detectable globular cross strands, about 35 nm in length, lining the lateral elongated pores. The cross strands, emanating from both sides of the slit, contacted at the slit center but had free distal endings. Shorter strands associated with the cross strands were observed at their base. ...
https://www.jci.org/tags/31?content=articles&page=18
JCI - E-lettersJCI - E-letters
Nephrin is a key functional component of the slit diaphragm, the structurally unresolved molecular filter in renal glomerular capillaries. Abnormal nephrin or its absence results in severe proteinuria and loss of the slit diaphragm. The diaphragm is a thin extracellular membrane spanning the approximately 40-nm-wide filtration slit between podocyte foot processes covering the capillary surface. Using electron tomography, we show that the slit diaphragm comprises a network of winding molecular strands with pores the same size as or smaller than albumin molecules, as demonstrated in humans, rats, and mice. In the network, which is occasionally stratified, immunogold-nephrin antibodies labeled individually detectable globular cross strands, about 35 nm in length, lining the lateral elongated pores. The cross strands, emanating from both sides of the slit, contacted at the slit center but had free distal endings. Shorter strands associated with the cross strands were observed at their base. ...
https://www.jci.org/eletters/submit/22562
The number of nephrons in different glomerular diseases [PeerJ]The number of nephrons in different glomerular diseases [PeerJ]
Background The total number of nephrons has been measured mainly from post-mortem studies and only in selected populations. Data from living subjects are scanty, and direct comparisons among different glomerular diseases are lacking. The present work exploits modern methodology to estimate the total nephron number in glomerulopathies with prevalent proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome versus glomerulopathies with nephritic syndrome (IgA nephropathy (IgAN), lupus nephritis), thus extending previous observations about the number and function of glomeruli in different physiological and pathological states. Methods This is a retrospective study based on one hundred and seven patients who have undergone renal biopsy. The glomerular density has been estimated from the biopsy specimens and the total cortical volume has been obtained from ultrasound recordings. Stereological methods have been applied to calculate the total number of nephrons and their volume. The correlation between clinical parameters and
https://peerj.com/articles/7640/
Histomorphology and immunohistology of postinfectious glomerulonephritis in relation to the duration of the disease and type of...Histomorphology and immunohistology of postinfectious glomerulonephritis in relation to the duration of the disease and type of...
vascular lesions and glomerular immune deposits were evaluated semiquantitatively using the generally recognized nephropatological methods. Extracapillary proliferation and global and segment glomerulosclerosis were evaluated as a percentage of the affected glomeruli. Immune deposits demonstrated the following three immunofluorescent patterns: garland, starry sky and mesangial. Streptococcus was confirmed to be causally related to postinfectious glomerulonephritis in 54% of cases. Staphylococcus was found in 6% of cases and both, streptococcus and staphylococcus in 5%. In 35% of cases no causative agent was demonstrated. IgG and complement component C3 deposits with a starry sky pattern were confirmed to be significantly associated with with glomerular endocapillary proliferation and exudation characteristic of the in the first month of the disease course. A mesangial, often less intensive, pattern of C3 deposits associated with mesangial proliferation predominated in the second and third month. ...
https://medrazgl.si/en/2654/
SGLT2 Inhibitors and the Diabetic Kidney | Diabetes CareSGLT2 Inhibitors and the Diabetic Kidney | Diabetes Care
The most important structural changes in type 1 diabetes occur in the glomeruli, with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial expansion, and podocyte injury; in the presence of more advanced DN, however, there are also important changes in the tubules and interstitium with tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis and inflammation (38). In contrast, among patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria and preserved renal function (39), a substantial proportion (∼40%) has advanced tubulo-interstitial lesions despite only very mild glomerular lesions. These lesions include thickening and reduplication of tubular basement membrane (especially of the proximal tubules), tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and chronic inflammation. When proximal tubular cells are grown in high-glucose conditions, there is an increased secretion of inflammatory molecules and profibrotic cytokines (40). In vivo, this leads to activation of inflammatory pathways, ...
https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/Supplement_2/S165?ijkey=b230db5fb200512431e2b222eb7c57a2d65301a9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
The glomerulus and nephrotic syndrome - Drummond Lab
The zebrafish can be used to model cell differentiation and interactions in the kidney glomerulus, the selective nephron blood filter.
http://drummondlab.mgh.harvard.edu/glomerulus/
Coupled Induction of iNOS and p53 Upregulation in Renal Resident Cells May Be Linked with Apoptotic Activity in the...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Coupled Induction of iNOS and p53 Upregulation in Renal Resident Cells May Be Linked with Apoptotic Activity in the Pathogenesis of Progressive IgA Nephropathy. AU - Qiu, L-Q.. AU - Sinniah, Rajalingam. AU - Hsu, S.I-H.. PY - 2004. Y1 - 2004. N2 - In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining were applied to renal biopsy specimens of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients to determine the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (mRNA and protein), p53, and their potential roles in renal cell apoptosis in relation to the development of pathologic lesions. Fifty-one cases were categorized into four subgroups (A-D) according to the presence of progressive histopathological features. A cell type-specific and differential overexpression of iNOS mRNA and protein was demonstrated in glomerular cells in subgroups (A-C) and was found to correlate well with the upregulation of p53 protein by glomerular endothelium and epithelium in early- and advanced-stage ...
https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/coupled-induction-of-inos-and-p53-upregulation-in-renal-resident-
Glomerular Sclerosis and IgG Deposits | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of PhysiciansGlomerular Sclerosis and IgG Deposits | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
To the editor: The article by Matalon and co-workers in the April 1974 issue of the Annals entitled, Glomerular Sclerosis in Adults with Nephrotic Syndrome presents findings not generally reported in such cases. The authors describe continuous linear deposits of IgG at the glomerular basement membrane in all patients. In the discussion section they raise the possibility that the deposits might represent physical entrapment of IgG but promptly dismiss the idea. I would be more willing to dismiss the entrapment theory if antialbumin conjugates had failed to bind to the glomerular basement membrane. Without this latter control, the failure to ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/688950/glomerular-sclerosis-igg-deposits
Elimination of Severe Albuminuria in Aging Hypertensive Rats by Exchange of 2 Chromosomes in Double-Consomic Rats | HypertensionElimination of Severe Albuminuria in Aging Hypertensive Rats by Exchange of 2 Chromosomes in Double-Consomic Rats | Hypertension
The exact time window of albuminuria onset in individual patients with diabetes mellitus or hypertension is difficult to identify, and to obtain renal tissues from patients with repetitive biopsies would be, for ethical reasons, not feasible. Thus, to identify the early molecular glomerular changes preceding the onset of albuminuria at the tissue level appears impossible in humans. In contrast, a recent study in the MWF rat model demonstrated the importance and feasibility of the experimental approach to obtain new insights into the sequence of events leading to the development of spontaneous albuminuria.13. We demonstrated that reduction of the nephron number in MWF animals and the consecutive increase in single glomerular filtration rate demonstrated previously in this strain9,16 associates with early adaptation of the glomerulus, which includes the development of glomerular hypertrophy in young MWF animals at 4 weeks of age.13 Moreover, preceding the onset of significant albuminuria at 6 ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/58/2/219
SIU SOM Histology CRRSIU SOM Histology CRR
The cortex of the kidney is distinguished by characteristic renal corpuscles, each of which consists of an outer envelope (Bowmans capsule) surrounding a fluid-filled space (Bowmans space) within which is suspended a glomerulus (glom). The PAS stain accentuates the filtration membrane as well as the basement membrane of renal tubules and Bowmans capsule and also the mesangial matrix. Although the glomerulus in this image clearly contains many cells with varied appearances, their individual identities as endothelial cells, podocytes, or mesangial cells are difficult to determine reliably on relatively thick-sectioned specimens such as this.. ...
http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/RN044b.htm
JCI - WelcomeJCI - Welcome
The morphology of healthy podocyte foot processes is necessary for maintaining the characteristics of the kidney filtration barrier. In most forms of glomerular disease, abnormal filter barrier function results when podocytes undergo foot process spreading and retraction by remodeling their cytoskeletal architecture and intercellular junctions during a process known as effacement. The cell adhesion protein nephrin is necessary for establishing the morphology of the kidney podocyte in development by transducing from the specialized podocyte intercellular junction phosphorylation-mediated signals that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. The present studies extend our understanding of nephrin function by showing that nephrin activation in cultured podocytes induced actin dynamics necessary for lamellipodial protrusion. This process required a PI3K-, Cas-, and Crk1/2-dependent signaling mechanism distinct from the previously described nephrin-Nck1/2 pathway necessary for assembly and polymerization of ...
https://taoyantao.com.www.mobile.jci.org/tags/31?content=articles&page=9
June 2018 - Arkana LaboratoriesJune 2018 - Arkana Laboratories
This biopsy was performed on a 9-year-old female with no significant past medical history, who presents with nephrotic syndrome. The serum creatinine at the time of the biopsy was 0.7 mg/dl. The UPCR was 9.6 g/g. Serum albumin was 2.1 g/dl. Complement levels and ANA were normal/negative. The biopsy shows glomeruli with minimal mesangial matrix expansion and hypercellularity (Fig 1), in the absence of segmental glomerulosclerosis or proliferative lesions. Immunofluorescence was negative for IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C1q and kappa and lambda light chains (not shown). Electron microscopy shows widespread blunting, widening and effacement of epithelial foot processes (Fig 2 ...
https://www.arkanalabs.com/2018/06/
Glomerulus (kidney)Glomerulus (kidney)
The glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule constitute a renal corpuscle, the basic filtration unit of the kidney. The ... The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries located within Bowman's capsule within the kidney. Glomerular mesangial cells ... The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning ... Glomerulus Blood-brain barrier Scanning electron microscope image of a glomerulus in a mouse (1000x magnification) Scanning ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)
GlomerulusGlomerulus
... may refer to: the filtering unit of the kidney; see Glomerulus (kidney). a structure in the olfactory bulb; see ... Glomerulus (olfaction). the contact between specific cells in the cerebellum; see Glomerulus (cerebellum). Look up glomerulus ... Glomerulus (/ɡləˈmɛr(j)ələs, ɡloʊ-/) is a common term used in anatomy to describe globular structures of entwined vessels, ... Glomerulus is the diminutive of the Latin glomus, meaning "ball of yarn". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus
Lupus nephritisLupus nephritis
Glomerulus (kidney) Ponticelli, C.; Moroni, G. (2005-01-01). "Renal transplantation in lupus nephritis". Lupus. 14 (1): 95-98. ... The diagnosis of lupus nephritis depends on blood tests, urinalysis, X-rays, ultrasound scans of the kidneys, and a kidney ... It is a type of glomerulonephritis in which the glomeruli become inflamed. Since it is a result of SLE, this type of ... 10-30% of people with lupus nephritis progress to kidney failure requiring dialysis, with the 5 year mortality rate of lupus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus_nephritis
Bowmans capsuleBowman's capsule
Mesangium Glomerulus (kidney) Blood-brain barrier Glomerulus. Histology image:22401lba from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning ... A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule. Outside the ... is a diagnostic test of kidney function. A decreased GFR may be a sign of kidney failure.[citation needed] A number of diseases ... " ("About Kidney Structure", in Latin); thus, much prior to Bowman. Together with the glomerulus it is known as a renal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowman's_capsule
Diffuse proliferative nephritisDiffuse proliferative nephritis
The glomeruli are the filters in the kidneys. When working normally they will move the waste, excess electrolytes, and ... An ultrasound will be done to see if there is inflammation of the kidneys and to look for blockages.[citation needed] A kidney ... Kidney Int Suppl. 2017;7:1-59". Kidney International Supplements. 7 (3): e1. December 2017. doi:10.1016/j.kisu.2017.10.001. ... affecting the entire glomerulus, leading to diffuse hypercellularity of the glomeruli, producing in some cases epithelial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_proliferative_nephritis
Prostaglandin EP4 receptorProstaglandin EP4 receptor
EP4 protein is found in humans as measured by immunochemistry in pulmonary veins; kidney glomeruli and Tunica media of kidney ... kidney, thymus, uterus, dorsal root ganglions, and brain. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP4_receptor
GlomerulosclerosisGlomerulosclerosis
It is a general term to describe scarring of the kidneys' tiny blood vessels, the glomeruli, the functional units in the kidney ... A kidney biopsy (removal of tiny part of kidney with a needle) may be necessary to determine whether a patient has ... Glomerulosclerosis is hardening of the glomeruli in the kidney. ... Low protein diets may also lighten the work done by kidneys to ... Scarred glomeruli cannot be repaired and many patients with glomerulosclerosis get worse over time until their kidneys fail. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulosclerosis
Clifford Wilson (nephrologist)Clifford Wilson (nephrologist)
with Paul Kimmelstiel: "Intercapillary lesions in the glomeruli of the kidney". The American Journal of Pathology. 12 (1): 83- ... and worsening kidney function (Kimmelstiel and Wilson, 1936a). Wilson returned to the London Hospital. He graduated DM in 1936 ... of the characteristic nodular fibrotic observed in the diabetic glomeruli (Kimmelstiel and Wilson, 1936b). Kimmelstiel and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Wilson_(nephrologist)
Pauci-immunePauci-immune
Normally a kidney sample that arrives from a patient with symptoms of proliferative nephritis. When the glomeruli of the kidney ... J. Kidney Dis. 53 (6): 1063-7. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.10.039. PMID 19084310. wikt:paucity v t e (Articles with short ... Often, this is discovered in the setting of the kidney. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauci-immune
Transplant glomerulopathyTransplant glomerulopathy
... (TG) is a disease of the glomeruli in transplanted kidneys. It is a type of renal injury often ... Kidney transplant Chronic rejection Haas, M. (Oct 2011). "Transplant glomerulopathy: it's not always about chronic rejection". ... Kidney Int. 80 (8): 801-3. doi:10.1038/ki.2011.192. PMID 21960169. (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Wikidata, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Kidney diseases). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_glomerulopathy
Hypertensive kidney diseaseHypertensive kidney disease
... from mild to sclerosis of glomeruli) and scarring around the glomeruli (periglomerular fibrosis). In advanced stages, kidney ... The idea is that hypertension results in sclerosis of the glomeruli which ultimately means reduced kidney function. As a ... Chronic hypertension with progressive kidney disease progresses over a long period of time. Damage to the glomeruli allows ... Hypertensive kidney disease is a medical condition referring to damage to the kidney due to chronic high blood pressure. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_kidney_disease
Nephrotic syndromeNephrotic syndrome
The kidney glomerulus filters the blood that arrives at the kidney. It is formed of capillaries with small pores that allow ... The underlying mechanism typically involves damage to the glomeruli of the kidney. Diagnosis is typically based on urine ... The treatment of kidney damage may reverse or delay the progression of the disease. Kidney damage is treated by prescribing ... It is characterized by the appearance of tissue scarring in the glomeruli. The term focal is used as some of the glomeruli have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome
Glomerular basement membraneGlomerular basement membrane
The glomerular basement membrane of the kidney is the basal lamina layer of the glomerulus. The glomerular endothelial cells, ... Agrin, a protein linked to heparan sulfate basement membrane nephrin Renal corpuscle (glomerulus) showing glomular basement ... and the filtration slits between the podocytes perform the filtration function of the glomerulus, separating the blood in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_basement_membrane
PDGFRBPDGFRB
"Paracrine PDGF-B/PDGF-Rbeta signaling controls mesangial cell development in kidney glomeruli". Development. 125 (17): 3313-22 ... Soriano P (1994). "Abnormal kidney development and hematological disorders in PDGF beta-receptor mutant mice". Genes & ... kidney, skin and eye. In vitro studies using cultured cells indicate that endothelial cells secrete PDGF, which recruits PDGFRβ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDGFRB
Mesangial cellMesangial cell
... s are specialised cells in the kidney that make up the mesangium of the glomerulus. Together with the mesangial ... "Paracrine PDGF-B/PDGF-Rbeta signaling controls mesangial cell development in kidney glomeruli". Development. 125 (17): 3313- ... Human foetal and infant kidneys stained for alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker for mesangial cells, demonstrated that ... The mesangial cell population accounts for approximately 30-40% of the total cells in the glomerulus. Mesangial cells can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesangial_cell
1,5-Anhydroglucitol1,5-Anhydroglucitol
It is carried in the blood stream and filtered by the glomerulus, where it enters the kidney. Once in the kidney, 1,5-AG is re- ... Once the hyperglycemia is corrected, 1,5-AG begins to be re-absorbed from the kidney back into the blood at a steady rate. If a ... If blood glucose values rise over 180 mg/dL for any period of time, the kidney cannot re-absorb all glucose back into the blood ... "Diabetes mellitus in chronic kidney disease: Biomarkers beyond HbA1c to estimate glycemic control and diabetes-dependent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,5-Anhydroglucitol
Capillaria plicaCapillaria plica
The L3 are carried through the circulatory system to the glomeruli of the kidneys. From there, they travel down the ureter to ... Capillaria plica is often found in the urine, urinary bladder or kidneys of dogs and cats in North America, Europe, Asia and ... It has also been identified in the urinary bladder and kidneys of several wild mammals in North America and Europe: American ... and occasionally in the kidneys, of dogs and foxes. It has also been found in the domestic cat, and various wild mammals. Its ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaria_plica
Table of permselectivity for different substancesTable of permselectivity for different substances
This is a table of permselectivity for different substances in the glomerulus of the kidney in renal filtration. Walter F. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_permselectivity_for_different_substances
Samira MusahSamira Musah
... in particular for her work in developing an organ-on-a-chip model of the kidney glomerulus during her postdoctoral fellowship. ... "Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into mature kidney podocytes and establishment of a Glomerulus ... "Kidney filtration on a chip: Here's how it could be done". Medical Design and Outsourcing. 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2021-06-08. " ... At the Wyss Institute, she led a project to develop a functioning in vitro model glomerulus with differentiation of stem cells ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samira_Musah
Muscle tissueMuscle tissue
In addition, the glomeruli of the kidneys contain smooth muscle-like cells called mesangial cells. Cardiac muscle is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tissue
Chronic kidney diseaseChronic kidney disease
It reflects one aspect of kidney function, how efficiently the glomeruli - the filtering units - work. Normal GFR is 90-120 ml/ ... Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of ... Causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Risk ... Severe disease requires hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant for survival. Chronic kidney disease affected ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease
Charles Edward IsaacsCharles Edward Isaacs
A major contribution of Isaacs was his study of kidney tissue and the experimental examination of the role of glomeruli or ... Bellomo, G. (2013). "A short history of 'glomerulus'". Clinical Kidney Journal. 6 (2): 250-251. doi:10.1093/ckj/sft022. ISSN ... Following the studies made by Sir William Bowman about fifteen years earlier, he examined the role of the renal glomeruli in ... Isaacs, C. E. (1857). "On the function of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney". Trans. N. Y. Acad. Med. 1: 437-461. Bieter, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Edward_Isaacs
Organ-on-a-chipOrgan-on-a-chip
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is composed of a glomerulus and a tubular component. Researchers at MIT ... A kidney-on-a-chip device has the potential to accelerate research encompassing artificial replacement for lost kidney function ... In the glomerulus' section of the nephron, the membrane allows certain blood particles through its wall of capillary cells, ... Artificial kidney research is striving to bring transportability, wearability and perhaps implantation capability to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip
Laminin, beta 2Laminin, beta 2
It is enriched in the basement membrane of muscles at the neuromuscular junctions, kidney glomerulus and vascular smooth muscle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin,_beta_2
Itai-itai diseaseItai-itai disease
Cadmium enters the kidneys by binding to metallothionein in the blood and traveling to the glomerulus in the kidney. Once the ... Cadmium accumulates mainly in the liver and the kidneys, but has more of an effect on the kidneys. The severe symptoms seen in ... These studies are pointing to damage of the mitochondria of kidney cells by cadmium as a key factor of the disease. Increased ... A person is considered to have itai-itai disease if he or she lived in the contaminated areas, has kidney dysfunctions and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itai-itai_disease
PodocytePodocyte
... s are cells in Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus. Podocytes make up the ... People have variations in these proteins, and some variations may predispose them to kidney failure later in life. Nephrin is a ... Podocytes are found lining the Bowman's capsules in the nephrons of the kidney. The foot processes known as pedicels that ... When infants are born with certain defects in these proteins, such as nephrin and CD2AP, their kidneys cannot function. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocyte
IgA nephropathyIgA nephropathy
... specifically it is a form of glomerulonephritis or an inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney. Aggressive Berger's disease ... Chronic kidney failure (no previous symptoms, presents with anemia, hypertension and other symptoms of kidney failure, in ... and presenting as acute kidney failure. In general, the entry into chronic kidney failure is slow as compared to most other ... A kidney biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The biopsy specimen shows proliferation of the mesangium, with IgA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgA_nephropathy
HematuriaHematuria
... depending on the involvement of the glomerulus of the kidney. But not all red urine is hematuria. Other substances such as ... referring to the involvement of the glomerulus of the kidney. Non-glomerular causes can be further subdivided into upper ... Blood that enters and mixes with the urine can come from any location within the urinary system, including the kidney, ureter, ... Common causes of hematuria include urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, viral illness, trauma, bladder cancer, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematuria
UrinalysisUrinalysis
Blood enters the kidney though the renal artery and flows through the kidney's vasculature into the glomerulus, a tangled knot ... Kidney diseases that affect the glomerulus can cause microscopic hematuria, in which case it is referred to as glomerular ... The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule together form the renal corpuscle. A healthy glomerulus allows many solutes in the blood to ... as it suggests that the kidneys have lost the ability to control urine concentration. It is not possible for the kidneys to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinalysis
PodocinPodocin
... the glomerular basement membrane and the filtration slits function as the filtration barrier of the kidney glomerulus. ... "Podocin inactivation in mature kidneys causes focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome". Journal of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocin
NephronNephron
Kidney tissue Glomerulus This image shows the types of cells present in the glomerulus part of a kidney nephron. Podocytes, ... The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. This means that each separate nephron is where the main work of the kidney is ... and polycystic kidney disease. Distribution of blood vessels in cortex of kidney. (Although the figure labels the efferent ... The glomerulus is the network known as a tuft, of filtering capillaries located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron
Milk-alkali syndromeMilk-alkali syndrome
Histologically, the kidneys of individuals with milk-alkali syndrome have been shown to have "complete glomerulus hyalinization ... Underlying kidney disease is a risk factor for MAS, but even people with healthy kidneys can develop the syndrome. For a ... If kidney failure is advanced then treatment for that is required, namely chronic dialysis. Calcimimetic agents may be ... If left untreated, milk-alkali syndrome may lead to kidney failure or even death. The signs and symptoms of milk-alkali ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk-alkali_syndrome
LECT2LECT2
Kidney biopsy shows the presence of LECT2-based amyloid predominantly in the renal cortex interstitium, glomeruli, and ... For example, autopsy studies find that up to 3.1% of Hispanics have these deposits in their kidneys but no history of signs or ... They may have histological evidence of LECT2 amyloid deposition in the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and adrenal glands of ... There is no recommended specific treatment for LECT2 amyloidosis other than support of kidney function and dialysis. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2
Acute tubular necrosisAcute tubular necrosis
Glomeruli are not affected. Ischemic ATN can be caused when the kidneys are not sufficiently perfused for a long period of time ... Acute tubular necrosis is classified as a "renal" (i.e. not pre-renal or post-renal) cause of acute kidney injury. Diagnosis is ... May 1993). "Morphology of ischemic acute kidney injury, normal function, and cyclosporine toxicity in cyclosporine-treated ... ATN presents with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is one of the most common causes of AKI. Common causes of ATN include low blood ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_tubular_necrosis
CapsuleCapsule
... a sac surrounding a glomerulus in a mammalian kidney Glisson's capsule, a fibrous layer covering the external surface of the ... liver Renal capsule, a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney Capsules of the brain External capsule Extreme capsule ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule
Acorn wormAcorn worm
This set of structures is referred to as a glomerulus and may have an excretory function, since acorn worms otherwise have no ... Acorn worms have a circulatory system with a heart that also functions as a kidney.[citation needed] Acorn worms have gill-like ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_worm
Loop diureticLoop diuretic
The 2012 KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guidelines stated that diuretics should not be used to treat acute ... increases the perfusion of glomerulus, thus increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). At the same time, loop diuretics ... Chronic kidney disease (CKD) reduces renal flow rate, reducing the delivery of diuretic molecules into the nephron, limiting ... They are primarily used in medicine to treat hypertension and edema often due to congestive heart failure or chronic kidney ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_diuretic
Tissue cytometryTissue cytometry
... glomeruli, epidermis, or tumor foci). Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) is a method of analysis that measures ... "Tissue Cytometry With Machine Learning in Kidney: From Small Specimens to Big Data". Frontiers in Physiology. 13: 832457. doi: ... three-dimensional tissue cytometry of the human kidney: a complete and accessible pipeline". Laboratory Investigation. 101 (5 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_cytometry
Afferent arteriolesAfferent arterioles
Glomerulus. Renal corpuscle Peti-Peterdi, János; Harris, Raymond C. (2010). "Macula Densa Sensing and Signaling Mechanisms of ... If the efferent arterioles are constricted then the blood pressure in the capillaries of the kidneys will increase. Efferent ... The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys. The afferent arterioles later ... diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus. When renal blood flow is reduced (indicating hypotension) or there is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afferent_arterioles
Conorenal syndromeConorenal syndrome
... a kidney disorder involving the glomeruli, or clusters of blood vessels that act as filters in the kidney) were features of the ... end stage kidney disease - ESKD). The remarkable improvements in kidney transplantation have reduced the mortality of Conorenal ... involved in the pathogenesis of recessive cystic kidney disease also belong to a common pathway in the primary cilium of kidney ... Like the described Kidney diseases, Retinitis Pigmentosa is a disease where the ciliar cells (Rods and Cones) fail to thrive. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conorenal_syndrome
Marilyn FarquharMarilyn Farquhar
George Palade was working on the kidney glomerulus at the time and provided Farquhar with formal training in the field of cell ... She has yielded a number of discoveries in basic biomedical research including: mechanisms of kidney disease, organization of ... Her research focuses on control of intracellular membrane traffic and the molecular pathogenesis of auto immune kidney diseases ... Farquhar's research yielded a number of discoveries in basic biomedical research, including mechanisms of kidney disease, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Farquhar
Adrenal steroidAdrenal steroid
This steroid also increases the urine volume as a result of its ability to decrease the retention of water within the kidney. ... Cortisone is another steroid that allows the glomeruli to filter the blood more efficiently. ... The main role of adrenal steroids is to regulate electrolyte and water levels in the kidneys. Each steroid has a different ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_steroid
N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidaseN-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase
Moreover, this enzyme is defined as a marker for the detection of acute kidney injury - it is present in the lysosomes of ... proximal tubular cells and is not filtered by the glomerulus, but is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream by the liver. ... Biomarkers in Kidney Disease. pp. 369-396. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7699-9_8. ISBN 978-94-007-7698-2. Tews, Ivo; Vincentelli, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase
Extraglomerular mesangial cellExtraglomerular mesangial cell
... are light-staining pericytes in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole. They resemble smooth muscle ... Seldin and Giebisch's the Kidney. pp. 589-626. doi:10.1016/b978-012088488-9.50025-5. ISBN 9780120884889. Junqueira, Luiz C.; ... which are situated between the basement membrane and the epithelial cells within the glomerulus. mesangium intraglomerular ... cells and play a role in renal autoregulation of blood flow to the kidney and regulation of systemic blood pressure through the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraglomerular_mesangial_cell
Tubular fluidTubular fluid
... is the fluid in the tubules of the kidney. It starts as a renal ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus, changes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubular_fluid
AminoaciduriaAminoaciduria
In the healthy kidney, the glomeruli filter all amino acids out of the blood, and the renal tubules then reabsorb over 95% of ... Physiology and pathophysiology". Examination of Kidney Function. Translated by Cort, JH. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. ... or may be due to damage to the kidney tubule, for example, as occurs in Fanconi syndrome. "Aminoaciduria". Medline. NIH. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoaciduria
Glucose uptakeGlucose uptake
There are two types of secondary active transporter found within the kidney tubule; close to the glomerulus, where glucose ... However, in the kidney, glucose is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the tubule lumen, where it is at a relatively low ... The secondary active transport of glucose in the kidney is Na+ linked; therefore an Na+ gradient must be established. This is ... concentration, passes through the simple cuboidal epithelia lining the kidney tubule, and into the bloodstream where glucose is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_uptake
Glossary of diabetesGlossary of diabetes
Glomeruli Network of tiny blood vessels in the kidneys where the blood is filtered and waste products are removed. Glucagon A ... Kidney disease Any one of several chronic conditions that are caused by damage to the cells of the kidney. People who have had ... Kidney threshold The point at which the blood is holding too much of a substance such as glucose (sugar) and the kidneys "spill ... Increased levels of BUN in the blood may indicate early kidney damage as the kidney fails to excrete it in the urine. Blood ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_diabetes
C4orf36C4orf36
... kidney tissue showed strong cytoplasmic and membranous expression within cells of tubules and moderate expression in glomeruli ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4orf36
Index of anatomy articlesIndex of anatomy articles
... gingiva gizzard glabella gland glandula glans glenohumeral joint glenoid fossa glia globose nucleus globus pallidus glomerulus ... joint capsule joint space jugular jugular foramen jugular notch jugum juxtaglomerular apparatus keel keloid keratin kidney ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles
AutoregulationAutoregulation
While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, it is most clearly observed in the kidney, the heart, and ... Angiotensin II then causes preferential constriction of the efferent arteriole of the glomerulus and increases the GFR. This is ... the kidney changes its own blood flow in response to changes in sodium concentration. The sodium chloride levels in the urinary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoregulation
TCF21 (gene)TCF21 (gene)
... mutant mice are born but die shortly after due to severely hypoplastic lungs and kidneys that lack alveoli and mature glomeruli ... In the kidney, TCF21 is required for conversion of condensing mesenchyme to epithelium of the nephron, branching morphogenesis ... TCF21 is crucial for the development of a number of cell types during embryogenesis of the heart, lung, kidney, and spleen. ... TCF21 was discovered in 1998 when search for novel cell-type-specific bHLH proteins expressed in human and mouse kidneys by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF21_(gene)
Capparis tomentosaCapparis tomentosa
In Capparis-fed goats, anaemia developed and the results of kidney and liver function tests were correlated with clinical ... with necrosis of the centrilobular hepatocytes and renal convoluted tubules and glomeruli. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparis_tomentosa
Secondary hypertensionSecondary hypertension
Chronic kidney disease[citation needed] Kidney disease / renal artery stenosis - the normal physiological response to low blood ... Or chronic glomerulonephritis which is a disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, or small blood vessels in the ... Other well known causes include diseases of the kidney. This includes diseases such as polycystic kidney disease which is a ... Cancers: tumours in the kidney can operate in the same way as kidney disease. More commonly, however, tumors cause inessential ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension
Sclerosis (medicine)Sclerosis (medicine)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a disease that attacks the kidney's filtering system (glomeruli) causing serious scarring ... and thus a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as an important cause of kidney failure in adults. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerosis_(medicine)
Schistosoma Mansoni: Ultrastructural Localization of the Circulating Anodic Antigen and the Circulating Cathodic Antigen in the...Schistosoma Mansoni: Ultrastructural Localization of the Circulating Anodic Antigen and the Circulating Cathodic Antigen in the...
Ultrastructural Localization of the Circulating Anodic Antigen and the Circulating Cathodic Antigen in the Mouse Kidney ... Glomerulus published on Jan 1988 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. ... Localization of the Circulating Anodic Antigen and the Circulating Cathodic Antigen in the Mouse Kidney Glomerulus ... CAA and CCA were demonstrable in glomeruli at week 3 in the basement membrane and from 5 weeks in moderately electron-dense ...
https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/38/1/article-p118.xml?rskey=a4cjA5&result=1
Imaging intact human organs with local resolution of cellular structures using hierarchical phase-contrast tomography | Nature...Imaging intact human organs with local resolution of cellular structures using hierarchical phase-contrast tomography | Nature...
... demonstrate the potential applications of HiP-CT through quantification and morphometry of glomeruli in an intact human kidney ... We applied HiP-CT to image five intact human organ types: brain, lung, heart, kidney and spleen. HiP-CT provided a structural ... Kidney glomerulus analysis. Using the scans of the whole kidney at 25 µm per voxel, the parenchyma of n = 1 kidney was semi- ... The total number of glomeruli (Nglom) is indicative of the kidneys capacity for filtration, and, as nephrons are not (re) ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-021-01317-x?error=cookies_not_supported
A novel Hessian based algorithm for rat kidney glomerulus detection in 3D MRI<...
The glomeruli of the kidney perform the key role of blood filtration and the number of glomeruli in a kidney is correlated with ... N2 - The glomeruli of the kidney perform the key role of blood filtration and the number of glomeruli in a kidney is correlated ... AB - The glomeruli of the kidney perform the key role of blood filtration and the number of glomeruli in a kidney is correlated ... abstract = "The glomeruli of the kidney perform the key role of blood filtration and the number of glomeruli in a kidney is ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-novel-hessian-based-algorithm-for-rat-kidney-glomerulus-detecti
IMSEAR at SEARO: Histomorphometric Study of the Glomeruli of the Kidney in Bangladeshi Population.
Results: The mean ± SE number of glomeruli per sq. mm found in the right and left kidney were 8.45±0.52 and 8.67±0.80 in group ... Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in number and size of the glomeruli of kidney with increasing ... Besides, the size (mean ± SE diameter) of glomeruli was found in the right and left kidney were 43.96±3.01ìm and 143.92±2.90ìm ... Histomorphometric Study of the Glomeruli of the Kidney in Bangladeshi Population.. Authors: Johora, Fatema. Nurunnabi, Abu ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/171957
Research Profile Listing | Yale School of MedicineResearch Profile Listing | Yale School of Medicine
Kidney Glomerulus. *. Michael Kashgarian, MD, FASN. Professor Emeritus of and Senior Research Scientist in Pathology ...
https://medicine.yale.edu/research-profiles/?orgId=113592&meshId=7338
Alport disease: a review of the diagnostic difficultiesAlport disease: a review of the diagnostic difficulties
Kidney Glomerulus / ultrastructure * Microscopy, Electron * Nephritis, Hereditary / diagnosis* * Nephritis, Hereditary / ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11465475/?dopt=Abstract
Glomerulonephritis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaGlomerulonephritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluids from the ... The filtering unit of the kidney is called the glomerulus. Each kidney has thousands of glomeruli. The glomeruli help the body ... Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluids from the ... People with this condition should be closely watched for signs of kidney failure. Dialysis or a kidney transplant may ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000484.htm
RTECS:EU9800000 - Cadmium - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSHRTECS:EU9800000 - Cadmium - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSH
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli. Blood: Granulocytopenia. TXAPA9 174,225,2001. ... Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli. Blood: Granulocytopenia. TXAPA9 174,225,2001. ... Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria. Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition. JAPTO* 22,431,2002. ... Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition. Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes. JJATDK 22,431,2002 ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/EU958940.html
Figure 2 - Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings from Autopsy of Patient with COVID-19, Japan - Volume 26, Number...
F) Numerous microthrombi in the glomerulus in the kidneys. H&E staining. Scale bar indicates 100 µm. G) Immunostaining (brown) ... Pathologic findings for the lungs, lymph nodes, and kidneys in an autopsy of an 84-year-old woman who died from coronavirus ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/9/20-1353-f2
Researchers work to create kidney filtration barrier on a chip - Harvard GazetteResearchers work to create kidney filtration barrier on a chip - Harvard Gazette
Researchers say their glomerulus-on-a-chip lined by human stem cell-derived kidney cells could help model patient-specific ... "The development of a functional human kidney glomerulus chip opens up an entire new experimental path to investigate kidney ... Now, with the glomerulus-on-a-chip, researchers also can get in vitro access to core filtration mechanisms in the kidney that ... A glomerulus-on-a-chip could model patient-specific kidney diseases, guide therapeutic discovery. ...
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/05/researchers-work-to-create-kidney-filtration-barrier-on-a-chip/
Targeting the residual progression of chronic kidney disease with type-2 diabetes beyond the renoprotective effects of a...Targeting the residual progression of chronic kidney disease with type-2 diabetes beyond the renoprotective effects of a...
For that, glomeruli were extracted at high purity from mouse kidneys. In the presence of high glucose (30 Mm), the mRNA ... For that, glomeruli were extracted at high purity from mouse kidneys. In the presence of high glucose (30 Mm), the mRNA ... This "stress" represents a functional overload to the kidney nephrons, a risk factor for kidney disease onset and progression, ... This "stress" represents a functional overload to the kidney nephrons, a risk factor for kidney disease onset and progression, ...
https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28437/
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Categories: Kidney Glomerulus Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 2 ...
https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Kidney+Glomerulus&parentid=17800&catid=14748
Hyperuricemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, EtiologyHyperuricemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
In the kidney, urate is freely filtered at the glomerulus, reabsorbed, secreted, and then again reabsorbed in the proximal ... Kidney insufficiency: Kidney failure is one of the more common causes of hyperuricemia. In chronic kidney disease, the uric ... Urate handling by the kidneys involves filtration at the glomerulus, reabsorption, secretion, and, finally, postsecretory ... Normally, two thirds of uric acid excretion occurs through the kidneys and one third through the intestines. [4] Uric acid in ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/241767-77923/what-is-the-prevalence-of-hyperuricemia-in-the-us
APOL1 Localization in Normal Kidney and Nondiabetic Kidney Disease | American Society of NephrologyAPOL1 Localization in Normal Kidney and Nondiabetic Kidney Disease | American Society of Nephrology
A) Reduced APOL1 staining in glomeruli and cortical tubules compared with the normal kidney. (B) Selected glomerulus from (A) ... APOL1 Localization in Normal Kidney and Nondiabetic Kidney Disease. Sethu M. Madhavan, John F. OToole, Martha Konieczkowski, ... APOL1 Localization in Normal Kidney and Nondiabetic Kidney Disease. Sethu M. Madhavan, John F. OToole, Martha Konieczkowski, ... A) Reduced APOL1 staining is seen in glomeruli and cortical tubules compared with the normal kidney. In contrast, glomerular ...
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/22/11/2119.full
Glomerulonephritis (for Parents) - Nemours (XML)Glomerulonephritis (for Parents) - Nemours (XML)
Glomerulonephritis happens when tiny filtering units in the kidneys stop working properly. Most cases get better on their own ... Inside the kidneys are balls of tiny blood vessels called glomeruli. They are the part of the kidneys that clean the blood and ... In some cases, a child may have a kidney biopsy. During a kidney biopsy, a tiny bit of kidney tissue is removed and sent to a ... In some cases, chronic GN can lead to more kidney damage, and even kidney failure (when the kidneys no longer can clean the ...
https://kidshealth.org/NemoursXML/en/parents/glomerulonephritis.html?WT.ac=p-ra
Fyttd1 (forty-two-three domain containing 1) - Rat Genome DatabaseFyttd1 (forty-two-three domain containing 1) - Rat Genome Database
Glomerulus QTL 20. 3.6. 0.001. kidney glomerulus morphology trait (VT:0005325). index of glomerular damage (CMO:0001135). 11. ...
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=1306899
Glomerulonephritis (for Teens) - Ann & Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago (XML)Glomerulonephritis (for Teens) - Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago (XML)
... tiny filtering units in the kidneys stop working properly, causing problems like too much fluid in the body and swelling. Most ... tiny filtering units in the kidneys called glomeruli become inflamed (swollen and irritated) and the kidneys stop working ... to get a better look at the kidney. In some cases, the doctor will do a kidney biopsy while the patient is asleep to take a ... When these methods dont help enough to prevent lasting kidney damage, a person may need dialysis treatments or a kidney ...
https://www.kidshealth.org/LurieChildrens/en/teens/glomerulonephritis.html?WT.ac=t-ra
Organ-on-a-chip - WikipediaOrgan-on-a-chip - Wikipedia
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is composed of a glomerulus and a tubular component.[54] Researchers at ... Kidney-on-a-chip[edit]. Renal cells and nephrons have already been simulated by microfluidic devices. "Such cell cultures can ... A kidney-on-a-chip device has the potential to accelerate research encompassing artificial replacement for lost kidney function ... Organs that have been simulated by microfluidic devices include brain, lung, heart, kidney, liver, prostate, vessel(artery), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip
Pakalert Press » Kidney Disease - The Hidden Cause of Chronic Resistant Hypertension (High Blood Pressure).
The glomerulus are the filtration apparatus of the kidneys. Glomerulo-sclerosis is extravagant way of indicating that the ... The kidneys are the important organs that control systemic blood pressure. The kidneys are the bean-formed organs at the back ... To restore the kidney back to usual ahead of it is too late, you must do some debridement with enzyme blend that contains ... Indeed, the kidneys does a whole lot far more than producing urine. In Chinese medication, it is even believed that the power ...
http://www.pakalertpress.com/kidney-disease-the-hidden-cause-of-chronic-resistant-hypertension-high-blood-pressure/
Introduction to histopathology: View as single page
Kidney, skin, CNS. DNA and intracellular antigens. Type-3 hypersensitivity reaction in kidney, damage to glomerulus. ...
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?printable=1&id=2312
p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody - BSA Free (NB200-106): Novus Biologicalsp19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody - BSA Free (NB200-106): Novus Biologicals
Immunohistochemistry: p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody [NB200-106] - Adult mouse kidney (glomerulus). Image from verified customer review ...
https://www.novusbio.com/products/p19arf-cdkn2a-antibody_nb200-106
Pediatric Acute GlomerulonephritisPediatric Acute Glomerulonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis occurs when blood vessels in kidneys become inflamed. Learn how it interferes with kidney function. ... Acute glomerulonephritis results from inflammation of tiny tubes (glomeruli) in the kidney. These tubes act as a filter, ... Pediatric acute glomerulonephritis occurs when tiny tubes in a childs kidneys (glomeruli) become inflamed and interfere with ... When the glomeruli do not function properly, waste products build up in blood. Protein and red blood cells also can leak into ...
https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/acute-glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis | Shoppers Drug Mart®Glomerulonephritis | Shoppers Drug Mart®
... the individual filtering units of the kidney that produce urine. When the glomeruli become inflamed, the kidneys cant filter ... Glomerulonephritis can lead to chronic renal (kidney) failure. ... is a progressive kidney disease that involves the glomeruli, ... Glomerulonephritis is a progressive kidney disease that involves the glomeruli, the individual filtering units of the kidney ... Finally, a kidney biopsy might be performed to confirm the diagnosis. In a biopsy, they insert a fine needle into the kidney, ...
https://www.shoppersdrugmart.ca/en/health-and-wellness/conditions/glomerulonephrite/259/treatment-and-prevention
00005874 | PEIR Digital Library
Micro high mag H&E glomerulus with lobular scarring and endoglomerular fibrosis - 00005874.jpg ... HISTOLOGY: Urinary: Kidney: Chronic Glomerulonephritis: Micro high mag H&E glomerulus with lobular scarring and endoglomerular ...
https://peir.path.uab.edu/library/picture.php?/5804/tags/226-glomerulonephritis
A basement membrane discovery pipeline uncovers network complexity, regulators, and human disease associations | Science...A basement membrane discovery pipeline uncovers network complexity, regulators, and human disease associations | Science...
2A). Moreover, distinct patterns of protein composition and abundance within tissues were apparent (see kidney glomerulus ... Scale bars, 2 μm (gut) and 1 μm (kidney). (H) Quantification of gut (n = 39 each) and kidney (n = 100 each) BM thickness. ****P ... For histological staining of human fetal kidneys, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human fetal kidney sections were ... and kidney defects, thus extending the phenotypic spectrum of MPZL2c.72delA. We used the zebrafish kidney to assay BM structure ...
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abn2265
General Biology/Tissues and Systems/Homeostasis - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldGeneral Biology/Tissues and Systems/Homeostasis - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Glomerulus: main filter of the nephron, located within the Bowmans capsule Kidney properties and processes important to its ... Glomerulus: reduces volume of kidney Fish started in salt water, spread to fresh water, later reinvaded salt-water environment ... About 1/5 of blood from aorta at any time is passing through kidneys. Blood passes through kidney many times a day. ... Bony fishes: actively secrete salts (NaCl) across gills, absorb water across gut wall, their kidney (unlike mammalian kidney) ...
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Biology/Tissues_and_Systems/Homeostasis
Gasoline, Automotive | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
... and of the proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys. Acute renal toxicity may persist for several weeks ... liver and of the proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys. ... Repeated exposure to very high levels of gasoline can cause poor appetite, weakness, and even brain or kidney damage. Gasoline ... Inhalation of massive amounts of gasoline may result in fatty degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli and ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=465&toxid=83
An End to Kidney Failure. | Baillie GiffordAn End to Kidney Failure. | Baillie Gifford
Many patients with kidney failure face an agonising wait for a donor or a life on dialysis. However, as Julia Angeles writes, ... Kidney glomerulus, the glomerulus consists of a tightly coiled network of capillaries surrounded by podocytes. There about one ... Inside the kidney, the glomeruli, a dense network of capillaries, filters the blood. Tiny tubes coated with a layer of ... The kidneys are one of the hardest-working organs in the body. The two kidneys, each of which weighs about 160 grams, perform ...
https://www.bailliegifford.com/en/austria/professional-investor/insights/ic-article/2018-q2-archived-an-end-to-kidney-failure-0518-all-we-0092/
Flashcards - Other Peoples Info - (A&P) - Lecture 1Flashcards - Other Peoples Info - (A&P) - Lecture 1
Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of*heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels. ...
https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/36481/preview/other-peoples-info-a-p-lecture-1
UrineGlomerulonephritisFiltrationNephronsPodocytesNormal glomeruliTransplantUrinaryTransplantationProximalHuman kidneyChild's kidneysCapillariesWastesSwollen and irritatedInflammationDiseaseTiny blood vessels calledTissuesBladderNephrotic syndromeTubulesPair of kidneysDamage the kidneysProteinuriaFluidOrgansBloodHelp the kidneysDiseasesProgressionBiopsy confirms the diagnosisBasement membraneLeft kidneySevereCreatinineUltrasoundTissueBody'sDepositionFunctionalCortexFunctionSymptomsPodocyteCalled the medullaGrosslyExcretionFSGSReabsorbArteryEndotheliumAbdominal cavityImmunohistochemistryFibrosis
Urine34
  • Damage to the glomeruli causes blood and protein to be lost in the urine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The kidney, made up of about a million tiny units that work to filter blood, constantly rids the body of undesired waste products to form urine. (harvard.edu)
  • Indeed, the kidneys does a whole lot far more than producing urine. (pakalertpress.com)
  • Glomerulonephritis is a progressive kidney disease that involves the glomeruli , the individual filtering units of the kidney that produce urine. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • When the glomeruli become inflamed, the kidneys can't filter urine properly. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Aldosterone is a key hormone used by the kidneys during urine formation. (varsitytutors.com)
  • My current research concerns podocytes, the specialised cells in the kidney glomerulus that form the sieve to filter waste products from the blood into the urine. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • You may also need this test if the results of other blood or urine tests suggest that you may have a problem with your kidneys. (ahealthyme.com)
  • You may also have other tests to see how much protein is leaking from your kidneys into your urine. (ahealthyme.com)
  • This is the part of the kidney that filters blood to make urine and remove waste. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Blood loss from the damaged kidney structures leads to blood in the urine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Healthy kidneys remove creatinine from the blood so it can be eliminated from your body through urine. (baycare.org)
  • The creatinine clearance test usually compares the creatinine level in a 24-hour urine sample with the creatinine level in your blood to evaluate how well your kidneys are working. (baycare.org)
  • The filtered waste product (urine) flows through tiny tubes and is then passed from the kidneys to the bladder through bigger tubes called ureters. (mountsinai.org)
  • Urine, a liquid waste product, is formed in the kidneys. (mountsinai.org)
  • The path of urine formation, reabsorption, and excretion begins at the glomerulus, continues through the renal tubules, and proceeds to the ureter. (mountsinai.org)
  • For the most part, urine moves from the outer cortex of the kidneys to the inner medullary region. (mountsinai.org)
  • Over several years, people who are developing kidney disease will have small amounts of the blood protein albumin begin to leak into their urine. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Your kidneys keep your blood clean by filtering it of waste products and eliminating these waste products from your body as urine. (drbenkim.com)
  • The glomeruli filter your blood, and pass the filtrate on to a series of specialized tubules that are collectively known as the renal tubule - it's in the renal tubule where urine is created. (drbenkim.com)
  • of the approximately 40 gallons (150 litres) of filtrate that enters your kidneys on a daily basis, only about 1 to 2 quarts (1 to 2 litres) turns into urine. (drbenkim.com)
  • If you want to understand exactly how your nephrons create urine, I recommend that you read the chapter on Kidneys and Body Fluids in Guyton's classic textbook on human physiology - this is the go-to book when you want a detailed look at how your body works on a microscopic level. (drbenkim.com)
  • Once urine is created in your renal tubules, it is shuttled through a series of collecting ducts until it reaches the inner middle section of your kidney, where urine is collected by your ureter, the tube that allows urine to travel from your kidney to your bladder. (drbenkim.com)
  • In understanding the work that your kidneys are forced to undertake to filter your blood and produce urine, I hope it's clear that drinking large amounts of water when you're not thirsty is a good recipe for prematurely wearing down your kidneys as you age. (drbenkim.com)
  • Proteinuria may be a sign of renal (kidney) damage, since serum proteins are readily reabsorbed from urine, the presence of excess protein indicates either an insufficiency of absorption or impaired filtration. (justia.com)
  • Glomerulosclerosis is a general term to describe scarring of the kidneys' tiny blood vessels, the glomeruli, the functional units in the kidney that filter urine from the blood. (justia.com)
  • Conditions associated with the presence of renal vein thrombosis include trauma, compression of a renal vein by an adjacent structure such as a tumor or aneurysm, nephrotic syndrome (results from damage to the kidneys' glomeruli, the tiny blood vessels that filter waste and excess water from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine), pregnancy, administration of steroid medications, and use of oral contraceptives (birth control pills). (unmc.edu)
  • When these filters are injured, children can have blood or protein in their urine, a sign that the kidneys are not functioning properly. (nyp.org)
  • The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for treating impaired renal function across a variety of disease states and, in particular, to catheter devices, assemblies, and methods for collection of urine and/or inducement of negative pressure in the ureters and/or kidneys. (justia.com)
  • The renal or urinary system includes a pair of kidneys, each kidney being connected by a ureter to the bladder, and a urethra for draining urine produced by the kidneys from the bladder. (justia.com)
  • The kidneys perform several vital functions for the human body including, for example, filtering the blood to eliminate waste in the form of urine. (justia.com)
  • Urine is formed by nephrons, the functional unit of the kidney, and then flows through a system of converging tubules called collecting ducts. (justia.com)
  • Urine flows from the renal pelvis into the ureter, a tube-like structure that carries the urine from the kidneys into the bladder. (justia.com)
  • On the 9th day, blood and urine samples were used for biochemical analysis and kidneys for histology and assessing anti-oxidant activity. (ijpsr.com)
Glomerulonephritis24
  • Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluids from the blood is damaged. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some people with chronic glomerulonephritis have no history of kidney disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • More information and support for people with glomerulonephritis and their families can be found at kidney disease support group . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Glomerulonephritis (gluh-MARE-you-low-ne-FRY-tis) is a kidney problem. (kidshealth.org)
  • When a child has glomerulonephritis (GN), the kidneys don't work properly and can't clean the blood well. (kidshealth.org)
  • In glomerulonephritis, the glomeruli are swollen and irritated (inflamed). (kidshealth.org)
  • Glomerulonephritis also can cause kidney failure and kidney disease , but that's rare. (kidshealth.org)
  • If glomerulonephritis isn't caught early and treated, there's a chance of kidney damage or failure. (kidshealth.org)
  • Pediatric acute glomerulonephritis occurs when tiny tubes in a child's kidneys (glomeruli) become inflamed and interfere with kidney function. (childrens.com)
  • Acute glomerulonephritis results from inflammation of tiny tubes (glomeruli) in the kidney. (childrens.com)
  • Glomerulonephritis can lead to chronic renal (kidney) failure. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Primary glomerulonephritis affects the kidneys directly, while in secondary glomerulonephritis the kidneys are damaged as a result of another illness. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Doctors have found that many children with glomerulonephritis had been diagnosed with a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat, not long before developing signs of kidney damage. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Because of the large role the kidneys play in maintaining the body's health, the symptoms of glomerulonephritis and kidney failure are quite varied. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • If left untreated, glomerulonephritis can lead to chronic renal failure, end-stage renal disease, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and an increased risk of other infections, especially urinary tract and kidney infections. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Ultrasounds and scans show kidney size (kidneys become enlarged in glomerulonephritis) and anything unusual, such as tumours or blockages. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Treatment of glomerulonephritis varies greatly from person to person, depending on whether it's acute or chronic and on how much damage has been done to the kidneys. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • For acute glomerulonephritis, the first goal is to reduce the symptoms and try to prevent more kidney damage. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Acute glomerulonephritis requires prompt diagnosis, as it can rapidly progress to permanent kidney disease if left undiagnosed. (medscape.com)
  • Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) can lead to a necrotizing destruction of glomeruli causing irreversible kidney damage within several months or even weeks. (medscape.com)
  • Glomerulonephritis is a disease that causes inflammation of the kidney's tiny filtering units called the glomeruli," NKF says. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Acute nephritic syndrome is a group of symptoms that occur with some disorders that cause swelling and inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney, or glomerulonephritis . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Only rarely do they develop complications or progress to chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a kidney disorder that leads to changes and inflammation of the structures inside the kidney that help filter wastes and fluids. (rxwiki.com)
Filtration10
  • The glomeruli of the kidney perform the key role of blood filtration and the number of glomeruli in a kidney is correlated with susceptibility to chronic kidney disease and chronic cardiovascular disease. (elsevier.com)
  • Linking the differentiation process with organ-on-a-chip technology pioneered by Ingber's team, the researchers went on to engineer the first in vitro model of the human glomerulus, demonstrating effective and selective filtration of blood proteins and podocyte toxicity induced by a chemotherapy drug in vitro . (harvard.edu)
  • Now, with the glomerulus-on-a-chip, researchers also can get in vitro access to core filtration mechanisms in the kidney that are critical for drug clearance and pharmacokinetics, in addition to studying human podocytes at work. (harvard.edu)
  • While decreased urate filtration may not cause primary hyperuricemia, it can contribute to the hyperuricemia of kidney insufficiency. (medscape.com)
  • The glomerulus are the filtration apparatus of the kidneys. (pakalertpress.com)
  • The diagnostic criteria for CKD consist of the presence of one or more biomarkers of kidney parenchyma injury such as albuminuria and/or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 over longer than three months [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease with high mortality characterized by an abrupt decrease of the kidney glomerular filtration rate, extra-kidney consequences (cardiovascular diseases, lung injury, neurological impairment) and high risk of secondary chronic kidney disease (CKD). (hrb.ie)
  • Creatinine is one such waste, and a blood test for creatinine can be used to estimate the decline in kidney filtration. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Each of the body's approximately one million nephrons, the functional units of the kidney, contains a glomerulus, or a cluster of blood vessels where filtration takes place. (mdibl.org)
  • The glomerulus is the beginning of the nephron, and is responsible for the initial filtration of blood. (justia.com)
Nephrons8
  • This motivates the development of new technology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the number of glomeruli and nephrons in vivo. (elsevier.com)
  • At the identical time renin also stimulates the suprarenal glands (the adrenals) to secrete a hormone identified as aldosterone which in transform stimulate the kidney nephrons to reabsorb salt and h2o to extend blood volume. (pakalertpress.com)
  • Each kidney contains up to a million functioning units called nephrons. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Blood is filtered in the kidneys through nephrons. (mountsinai.org)
  • Each of the kidneys is composed of approximately one million subunits called nephrons. (mountsinai.org)
  • you have about a million nephrons per kidney. (drbenkim.com)
  • Each kidney is made up of approximately one million nephrons. (justia.com)
  • The nephrons contained in the cortex layer of the kidney are distinct from the anatomy of those contained in the medulla. (justia.com)
Podocytes6
  • The podocytes are also the target of congenital or acquired kidney diseases, however, they are often harmed by drugs. (harvard.edu)
  • In order to build an in vitro model of the human glomerulus that could allow better understanding of its function, vulnerabilities to disease, and drug toxicities, researchers have been attempting to engineer human stem cells - which in theory can give rise to any mature cell type - to form into functional podocytes. (harvard.edu)
  • The development of a functional human kidney glomerulus chip opens up an entire new experimental path to investigate kidney biology, carry out highly personalized modeling of kidney diseases and drug toxicities, and the stem cell-derived kidney podocytes we developed could even offer a new injectable cell therapy approach for regenerative medicine in patients with life-threatening glomerulopathies in the future," said Ingber, who is director of the Wyss Institute. (harvard.edu)
  • Within normal glomeruli, APOL1 only localized to podocytes. (asnjournals.org)
  • Kidney glomerulus, the glomerulus consists of a tightly coiled network of capillaries surrounded by podocytes. (bailliegifford.com)
  • Podoplanin (Aggrus) is an integral membrane mucoprotein present on the surface of podocytes in kidney glomeruli and the parietal cells of the glomerular Bowman′s capsule. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Normal glomeruli2
  • Compared with normal glomeruli, fewer cells stained for APOL1 in FSGS and HIVAN glomeruli, even when expression of the podocyte markers GLEPP1 and synaptopodin appeared normal. (asnjournals.org)
  • Ultrastructural examination demonstrated crystal deposition of light chains within tubular cells with normal glomeruli. (glomcon.org)
Transplant10
  • Dialysis or a kidney transplant may eventually be needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When these methods don't help enough to prevent lasting kidney damage, kids may need dialysis treatments or a kidney transplant . (kidshealth.org)
  • Currently, patients are subjected to ongoing dialysis or have to undergo a kidney transplant to stay alive. (bailliegifford.com)
  • Unless you are in the fortunate position of having a family member or friend with a similar tissue type who is willing to make a living donation, those on the waiting list for a kidney transplant can expect, on average, to have a two- to three-year wait to receive a kidney in the UK. (bailliegifford.com)
  • Even after being treated, patients with FSGS may develop kidney failure and depend on dialysis and kidney transplant for survival. (medicinenet.com)
  • Almost 30 percent of PMN patients may improve their condition without any medications, but 30 percent may progress into kidney failure and require dialysis or kidney transplant. (medicinenet.com)
  • Although it is unusual for the disease to return, in some adults, the disease does return and they will develop end-stage kidney disease and may need dialysis or a kidney transplant . (medlineplus.gov)
  • With chronic kidney failure, your kidneys may gradually lose their function over time to the point where you may require dialysis or a kidney transplant. (rxwiki.com)
  • 2015. The two kidney to one kidney transition and transplant glomerulopathy: a podocyte perspective. . (umich.edu)
  • We report a cluster of donor-derived cryptococcosis infection in liver and kidney transplant recipients from the same donor in China. (cdc.gov)
Urinary4
  • In 2013 , his team developed an organ-on-a-chip microfluidic culture device that modeled the human kidney's proximal tubule, which is anatomically connected to the glomerulus and salvages ions from urinary fluid. (harvard.edu)
  • The urinary system has four main components: the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. (mountsinai.org)
  • Separate animals, male F344 and Lewis rats, were subjected to either sham surgery or right uni-nephrectomy and infarction of 2/3 of the left kidney, to produce a 5/6 ablation/infarction injury (5/6 A/I). Serial urinary protein excretions were measured, a terminal 24-h creatinine clearance was obtained and rats were killed 11 weeks after surgery and kidneys were harvested for pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • Do systemic signs predict the chance of kidney scarring after urinary tract infection Does prompt remedy of urinary tract infection in preschool children forestall renal scarring: blended retrospective and prospective audits. (edu.hk)
Transplantation5
  • Kidney transplantation is recognised as the best available treatment for ESRD in terms of cost, quality of life and prognosis. (bailliegifford.com)
  • People with kidney failure undergo either dialysis, which substitutes for some of the filtering functions of the kidneys, or transplantation to receive a healthy donor kidney. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Patients with ESRD must go on dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) to clean their blood or get a new kidney through transplantation. (justia.com)
  • My research interests are also focused on diseases of the glomeruli, specifically on patients who have received kidney transplants, and I am looking at how to optimize their success and keep them as healthy as possible post-transplantation. (nyp.org)
  • We report a cluster of donor-derived cryptococcosis after liver and kidney transplantation in China. (cdc.gov)
Proximal2
  • In the kidney, urate is freely filtered at the glomerulus, reabsorbed, secreted, and then again reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)
  • APOL1 localized to proximal tubular epithelia in normal kidneys, FSGS, and HIVAN. (asnjournals.org)
Human kidney4
  • We demonstrate the potential applications of HiP-CT through quantification and morphometry of glomeruli in an intact human kidney and identification of regional changes in the tissue architecture in a lung from a deceased donor with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (nature.com)
  • Here, we used immunohistology to examine APOL1 localization in normal human kidney sections and in biopsies demonstrating either FSGS ( n = 8) or HIVAN ( n = 2). (asnjournals.org)
  • Since APOL1 transcripts are expressed in a number of tissues, including the kidney, 14 , 15 we have characterized cellular localization of APOL1 in normal human kidney sections and biopsies from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) as a first step in understanding the association between APOL1 genetic variation and nondiabetic kidney disease. (asnjournals.org)
  • We verified the specificity of two commercially available antibodies against APOL1 using multiple approaches (Supplementary Figures 1, 2, and 3) and examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human kidney sections without renal pathology to determine the normal cellular distribution of APOL1 in renal parenchyma. (asnjournals.org)
Child's kidneys1
  • Follow the doctor's advice to help protect your child's kidneys and give your child the best chance of slowing down or stopping kidney damage or failure. (kidshealth.org)
Capillaries4
  • Key to each of these units is a structure known as the glomerulus, in which so-called podocyte cells wrap themselves tightly around a tuft of capillaries. (harvard.edu)
  • Within each nephron, there are specialized beds of capillaries (even smaller blood vessels) called glomeruli. (drbenkim.com)
  • A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • They then radiate into interlobular arteries, which extend into the cortex of the kidney to finally become afferent arterioles, then peritubular capillaries to efferent arterioles. (medscape.com)
Wastes4
  • The two kidneys control blood volume, excrete acidic wastes, metabolize medicine, stability electrolytes and make hormones. (pakalertpress.com)
  • Osteodystrophy is most often the result of chronic kidney disease (CKD) , a condition in which the gradual loss of renal (kidney) function causes wastes to accumulate in the body as the kidneys start to fail . (verywellhealth.com)
  • The kidneys are responsible for removing wastes from the body, regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure, and the stimulation of red blood cell production. (mountsinai.org)
  • Each year in the United States, more than 100,000 people are diagnosed with kidney failure, a serious condition in which the kidneys fail to rid the body of wastes. (kidneyurology.org)
Swollen and irritated1
  • swollen and irritated) and the kidneys stop working properly. (kidshealth.org)
Inflammation11
  • Removing antibodies may reduce inflammation in the kidney tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The tissue is sent to a lab for testing, and the results may show why there's inflammation in the kidney. (kidshealth.org)
  • The symptoms can become more severe if the inflammation isn't treated and kidney damage gets worse. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Among these, systemic lupus erythematosus is the most common cause of lupus that causes chronic inflammation to the kidneys. (medicinenet.com)
  • The inflammation affects the function of the glomerulus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A kidney biopsy will show inflammation of the glomeruli, which may indicate the cause of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation in the kidney and control high blood pressure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The inflammation may lead to problems with kidney function. (rxwiki.com)
  • About half of people with lupus suffer from kidney inflammation, known as lupus nephritis. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Antibodies normally protect the body against dangerous microbes, but patients with lupus produce antibodies that attack their own DNA and may spur kidney inflammation. (lupusresearch.org)
  • They suspect that the cells enter the organs and stimulate the early stages of kidney inflammation. (lupusresearch.org)
Disease46
  • The symptoms of chronic kidney disease may develop over time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pathologic findings for the lungs, lymph nodes, and kidneys in an autopsy of an 84-year-old woman who died from coronavirus disease, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, February 2020. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparing the renal distribution of APOL1 in nondiabetic kidney disease to normal kidney suggests that a previously unrecognized arteriopathy may contribute to disease pathogenesis in patients of African ancestry. (asnjournals.org)
  • Two genome-wide admixture scans identified a highly significant association on chromosome 22q12 between nondiabetic kidney disease and African ancestry. (asnjournals.org)
  • Variant APOL1, which encodes the kidney disease risk variants, can kill disease-causing trypanosomes by circumventing the parasite's mechanism to evade lysis. (asnjournals.org)
  • The parasite-killing effect is dominant, requiring a single copy of the risk-variant APOL1 gene, whereas association with kidney disease is best fit by a recessive model. (asnjournals.org)
  • 9 Since resistance to trypanosomal infection is a selective advantage in endemic regions, the kidney disease risk variants of APOL1 have been maintained in African populations. (asnjournals.org)
  • 13 Similar to sickle cell disease, the heterozygous state for APOL1 kidney-disease-associated variants is advantageous, but the homozygous state can result in disease. (asnjournals.org)
  • Kidney Disease - The Hidden Cause of Chronic Resistant Hypertension (High Blood Pressure). (pakalertpress.com)
  • Despite the lack of media attention, enormous strides are being made in kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), in which kidneys cease to function. (bailliegifford.com)
  • It is most commonly the result of chronic kidney disease . (verywellhealth.com)
  • Osteodystrophy is part of a larger spectrum of disorders referred to as chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). (verywellhealth.com)
  • Damage to or loss of these cells can result in larger and larger proteins being lost from the blood (proteinuria), causing kidney damage and ultimately, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). (ncl.ac.uk)
  • You may need this test if you have symptoms that might be caused by kidney disease. (ahealthyme.com)
  • If you have already been diagnosed with kidney disease, your healthcare provider can use this test regularly to watch your kidney function and adjust your treatment if needed. (ahealthyme.com)
  • If you have a disease that affects the kidneys, you may have this test to look for any changes in your kidney function. (ahealthyme.com)
  • FSGS is a progressive kidney disease that affects specific, segmented areas of the kidney. (medicinenet.com)
  • Minimal change disease, as the name suggests, has very small changes in the kidney that cannot be detected even with a kidney biopsy. (medicinenet.com)
  • Both types I and II diabetes may lead to diabetic kidney disease, which is also referred to as diabetic nephropathy . (medicinenet.com)
  • Kidney disease can be caused by a variety of factors. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • High blood pressure also causes kidney disease, heart disease, and the risk of stroke. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Polycystic kidney disease is most often inherited, a disease that causes cysts to form and damage the kidneys. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Your healthcare professional will perform simple tests to look for early-onset kidney disease. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Kidney disease can be treated if, like so many things, it's diagnosed early. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Symptoms of acute kidney failure or long-term (chronic) kidney disease may develop. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This study aimed at investigating the association between haemostatic biomarkers, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines with chronic kidney disease in type 1 diabetic patients. (hindawi.com)
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Kidney failure is the final stage of kidney disease, also known as nephropathy. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Even when diabetes is controlled, the disease can lead to nephropathy and kidney failure. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Both types of diabetes can lead to kidney disease. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Diabetic kidney disease takes many years to develop. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Renal vascular disease is the name given to a variety of complications that affect the arteries and veins of the kidneys. (unmc.edu)
  • Atheroembolic renal disease is becoming a common cause of renal insufficiency (poor kidney function) in the elderly. (unmc.edu)
  • Decreased blood flow to the kidney(s) as a result of renal vascular disease may cause an excessive amount of renin to be produced. (unmc.edu)
  • Severe symptoms usually only occur when kidney disease is advanced. (rxwiki.com)
  • About 85 percent of MGN cases are caused by the body's immune system mistakenly attacking healthy kidney tissue, a condition called primary MGN (pMGN), which is one of the leading causes of kidney disease in adults. (rxwiki.com)
  • 2012. Angiotensin II-dependent persistent podocyte loss from destabilized glomeruli causes progression of end stage kidney disease. . (umich.edu)
  • The Michigan George M. O'Brien Kidney Translational Core Center (MKTCC) invites investigators to submit proposals to fund new and innovative approaches - clinical, translational and basic - in the field of kidney disease research through its pilot and feasibility grant program. (umich.edu)
  • I entered the field of pediatric nephrology with a passion for working with infants, children, and adolescents with kidney disease. (nyp.org)
  • Background: Access to renal replacement therapy by the increasing population of patients with end-stage kidney disease across Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, has become a major public health challenge. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pathogenesis of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease (Goodpasture disease) is linked to the presence of autoantibodies that react with the alveolus in the lung and the basement membrane of the glomerulus in the kidney. (medscape.com)
  • Anti-GBM autoantibodies that are present in the circulation of patients with anti-GBM disease cross the fenestrated endothelium in the glomerulus and bind with the underlying GBM, inducing renal injury. (medscape.com)
  • A new article published in the Journal of Toxicologic Pathology reported results of recent studies which suggest an altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the kidneys during the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. (emedinexus.com)
  • In this study we investigated whether a difference in nephron number/glomerular volume exists between the strains that could contribute to a greater susceptibility to development of kidney disease in the F344. (cdc.gov)
  • 5) Subject has coexisting chronic kidney disease, other than IgAN. (who.int)
  • Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney harm: a scientific review and meta-analysis. (edu.hk)
Tiny blood vessels called2
  • Inside the kidneys are balls of tiny blood vessels called glomeruli. (kidshealth.org)
  • A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
Tissues4
  • This just indicates that for the relaxation of the system tissues to retain on receiving nutrients and oxygen by means of the blood, the kidneys has to elevate blood pressure. (pakalertpress.com)
  • and (iii) subsequent deposition of fibrin in kidney tissues, which led to the elevation of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunoreactivities of PAR2 and fibrin were co-localized in the glomerulus and the other kidney tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These complications affect the blood circulation of the kidneys, and may cause damage to the tissues of the kidneys, kidney failure, and/or high blood pressure. (unmc.edu)
Bladder1
  • These infections most often affect the bladder, but they sometimes spread to the kidneys, and they may cause fever and pain in your back," NKF says. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
Nephrotic syndrome4
  • Nephrotic syndrome is a complex syndrome that affects the kidneys. (medicinenet.com)
  • Patients with advanced diabetes have damage to the glomeruli, leading to nephrotic syndrome. (medicinenet.com)
  • It is produced by Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) a variety of cells, including monocytes and accounts for 90% of nephrosis in child- mesangial cells in the kidney [ 9 ]. (who.int)
  • Nephrotic syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms that may accompany conditions that affect the filtering ability of the glomeruli. (rxwiki.com)
Tubules4
  • As filters, the glomeruli have physical properties that prevent large cells, like red blood cells, from passing into the renal tubules. (mountsinai.org)
  • Each nephron includes the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and tubules. (justia.com)
  • The embryonic kidney, present at the level of the third somite, is composed of two glomeruli fused at the midline, two pronephric tubules, and paired bilateral pronephric ducts that modify the composition of the blood filtrate before delivering it to the cloaca for excretion. (zfin.org)
  • Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy was performed which revealed normal appearing glomeruli with evidence of diffuse acute tubular injury, and over 50% of all tubules had intraluminal bile casts, which was confirmed with Fouchet's stain [Figure 1] . (indianjnephrol.org)
Pair of kidneys1
  • Although it's been close to eighteen years since I dissected my first cadaver in anatomy class, I still remember being surprised when I got my first glance at a pair of kidneys - they were much smaller than I had expected. (drbenkim.com)
Damage the kidneys1
  • Quit all meals that damage the kidneys like junk, fragmented and devitalized meals. (pakalertpress.com)
Proteinuria3
  • Experimental data indicate that α and β adducin are expressed into the glomerulus and their polymorphisms are involved in the altered expression of some podocyte proteins, proteinuria and progression of renal damage in animal models independently from their blood pressure. (justia.com)
  • [ 1 ] In adults undergoing kidney biopsy for evaluation of proteinuria, FSGS accounts for 35% of all cases and up to 80% of cases in African-American patients. (medscape.com)
  • After 5/6 A/I the F344 developed more severe proteinuria and structural kidney damage. (cdc.gov)
Fluid10
  • Symptoms are a direct result of the kidneys' inability to eliminate waste and excess fluid from the body. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • Maybe we all know that the kidneys' primary function is to remove waste and excess fluid from the body through urination, giving our bodies the ability to balance our body chemicals. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • When blood enters the glomerulus, it is filtered, and the remaining fluid then passes along the tubule. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • The kidneys perform their life-sustaining job of filtering and returning to the bloodstream about 200 quarts of fluid every 24 hours. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • The kidneys remove excess fluid and waste from your body. (mountsinai.org)
  • The 99 percent that is reabsorbed into your circulation is how your kidneys help to maintain your body's fluid composition and pH level. (drbenkim.com)
  • MGN is caused by the thickening of part of the glomerular basement membrane, the part of the kidneys that helps filter waste and extra fluid from the blood. (rxwiki.com)
  • My specific area of interest is disorders of the kidney filters-the glomeruli-which clean the blood by filtering out excess fluid and waste products. (nyp.org)
  • Adequate understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys is useful for understanding the impact that altered hemodynamics other fluid overload conditions have on their function. (justia.com)
  • the pressure from the fluid also puts pressure on the stomach causing a sense of fullness and decreased appetite as well as pressure on the vessels perfusing the kidneys. (plan-b-chronicles.com)
Organs11
  • The kidneys are fist-sized organs shaped like kidney beans. (kidshealth.org)
  • The kidneys are the important organs that control systemic blood pressure. (pakalertpress.com)
  • The kidneys are the bean-formed organs at the back of the stomach cavity positioned under the lower margin of the rib cage and the higher limit of the pelvic cavity. (pakalertpress.com)
  • The kidneys also produce hormones that affect the function of other organs. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Why do your kidneys - such small organs - receive so much of your blood and oxygen? (drbenkim.com)
  • A number of your organs, including your kidneys, are designed to keep your body clean by continuously eliminating waste materials. (drbenkim.com)
  • If you want to prevent illness as you age, a top priority should be to prevent unnecessary burden to your kidneys and other waste-eliminating organs. (drbenkim.com)
  • Lupus can harm many organs in the body, including the kidneys. (lupusresearch.org)
  • A new study led by Dr. Hans Haecker of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis found that the cells that provoke kidney damage are different than those that injure other organs. (lupusresearch.org)
  • If they are right, researchers might be able to develop treatments that prevent kidney damage by reducing the cells' abundance in the organs or blocking their harmful effects. (lupusresearch.org)
  • The kidneys are bean-shaped encapsulated organs. (justia.com)
Blood38
  • The kidneys are made up of about a million tiny units that work to filter blood. (harvard.edu)
  • They are the part of the kidneys that clean the blood and remove waste and extra fluids, which leave the body in pee. (kidshealth.org)
  • In some cases, chronic GN can lead to more kidney damage, and even kidney failure (when the kidneys no longer can clean the blood well). (kidshealth.org)
  • Some kids may need a treatment to clean the blood using an artificial filter, called dialysis , if their kidneys are greatly and irreversibly damaged. (kidshealth.org)
  • To deal with uncomfortable symptoms, doctors may give medicines to lower blood pressure or help the kidneys make pee and get rid of waste. (kidshealth.org)
  • In physiology, it is constantly thought that diseased kidneys want substantial blood pressure to maintain tissue perfusion. (pakalertpress.com)
  • In other terms, the kidneys are extremely delicate to variations in blood pressure and tend to react with renal artery spasm (sclerosis) and raising blood pressure by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldolsterone mechanism. (pakalertpress.com)
  • When the glomeruli do not function properly, waste products build up in blood. (childrens.com)
  • About 1/5 of blood from aorta at any time is passing through kidneys. (wikibooks.org)
  • Blood passes through kidney many times a day. (wikibooks.org)
  • This test measures how well your kidneys are working and how well blood is flowing to them. (ahealthyme.com)
  • Healthy kidneys remove creatinine from the blood. (ahealthyme.com)
  • This is the amount of blood cleaned each minute by tiny filters in your kidneys called glomeruli. (ahealthyme.com)
  • Or it may mean a problem somewhere else in your body is affecting blood flow to the kidneys. (ahealthyme.com)
  • A kidney may get damaged due to high blood sugar levels and high blood pressure . (medicinenet.com)
  • For example, a hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Other hormones produced by the kidneys help regulate blood pressure and control calcium metabolism. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • An abnormal creatinine clearance rate may mean you have a problem with your kidneys, or it may mean a problem somewhere else in your body is affecting blood flow to the kidneys. (baycare.org)
  • Each nephron contains a network of small blood vessels, called glomerulus, which are enclosed in a sac called Bowman's capsule. (mountsinai.org)
  • The kidneys filter waste from the blood that passes through them, and reabsorb substances that the body requires, even though those requirements may change from moment to moment. (mountsinai.org)
  • Each nephron consists of a microscopic ball of blood vessels called a glomerulus, which is connected to a twisting length of tube called the renal tubule. (mountsinai.org)
  • Because the blood vessels in the glomeruli are porous, they act as filters, removing most of the water, salt, and waste from the blood that passes through them. (mountsinai.org)
  • They have found that high blood pressure and high levels of blood glucose increase the risk that a person with diabetes will progress to kidney failure. (kidneyurology.org)
  • As kidney damage develops, blood pressure often rises as well. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Although your kidneys make up less than 0.5 percent of your total body weight, they receive close to 25 percent of the total amount of blood that your heart pumps while you're resting. (drbenkim.com)
  • Your kidneys secrete a hormone called erythropoietin, which is responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells in your bone marrow. (drbenkim.com)
  • Your kidneys produce an enzyme called renin, which is needed to help maintain your blood pressure. (drbenkim.com)
  • With every beat of your heart, large amounts of blood are delivered to your kidneys via your renal arteries. (drbenkim.com)
  • It may cause kidney failure and hypertension (high blood pressure). (unmc.edu)
  • A thrombosis of a renal artery may cause kidney failure because of blocked blood flow to the kidney. (unmc.edu)
  • Hormones which influence blood pressure are affected by kidney function. (unmc.edu)
  • Small pieces of plaque (emboli) from atherosclerosis formation in other arteries of the body may break off and travel to the renal arteries, blocking blood flow to the kidney. (unmc.edu)
  • Controlling blood pressure is the most important way to delay kidney damage. (rxwiki.com)
  • Dr. Haecker's study found that these cells get stuck and accumulate in the kidney glomeruli , the critical part of the kidneys were blood is filtrated. (lupusresearch.org)
  • Histologic investigation of the kidney feces with some blood. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to cleaning the blood, the kidneys help control growth, prevent anemia, and regulate blood pressure. (nyp.org)
  • The blood supply to the kidneys arises from the paired renal arteries at the level of L2. (medscape.com)
  • increased intra-abdominal pressure due to tense ascites causing a.) decreased blood flow to the kidneys. (plan-b-chronicles.com)
Help the kidneys1
  • I work closely with patients and parents to optimize nutrition, hydration, and medications to help the kidneys perform their very important roles! (nyp.org)
Diseases5
  • Background: Controversies still prevail on glomerular changes of kidney whether due to normal aging or its association with diseases. (who.int)
  • In patients of African ancestry, genetic variants in APOL1 , which encodes apolipoprotein L1, associate with the nondiabetic kidney diseases, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and hypertensive nephropathy. (asnjournals.org)
  • Research published in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases and led by RTI International predicted that by 2030, 17% of US adults aged 30 or older will have ESRD. (bailliegifford.com)
  • Congenital diseases may also affect the kidneys, and drugs and toxins can also cause kidney problems. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • MicroRNAs associated with the development of kidney diseases in humans and animals. (emedinexus.com)
Progression1
  • Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is associated with a significant risk of progression to kidney failure. (uib.no)
Biopsy confirms the diagnosis1
Basement membrane2
  • CAA and CCA were demonstrable in glomeruli at week 3 in the basement membrane and from 5 weeks in moderately electron-dense material of the mesangial matrix. (ajtmh.org)
  • PMN refers to alterations in the glomeruli where there may be thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with little or no cellular growth or infiltration. (medicinenet.com)
Left kidney6
  • Results: The mean ± SE number of glomeruli per sq. mm found in the right and left kidney were 8.45±0.52 and 8.67±0.80 in group 10-19 years, 9.90±0.42 and 9.92±0.47 in 20-39 years, and 8.52±0.18 and 8.55±0.16 in 40-59 years respectively. (who.int)
  • Besides, the size (mean ± SE diameter) of glomeruli was found in the right and left kidney were 43.96±3.01ìm and 143.92±2.90ìm in group 10-19 years, 153.69±5.18ìm and 153.61±5.24ìm in 20-39 years, and 140.48±0.95ìm and 140.78±0.88ìm in 40-59 years respectively. (who.int)
  • Conclusion: No difference was found in number and size of glomeruli between right and left kidney in any group. (who.int)
  • Although the position of your liver causes your right kidney to be slightly lower in your abdominal cavity than your left kidney, both kidneys are partially protected by the lower part of your ribcage. (drbenkim.com)
  • At 2 weeks of age, he became irritable, started the left kidney, a left-sided nephrectomy was performed feeding poorly, and produced large volumes of watery on October 28. (cdc.gov)
  • The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal structures that are normally located between the transverse processes of T12-L3 vertebrae, with the left kidney typically somewhat more superior in position than the right. (medscape.com)
Severe4
  • Such challenges are particularly severe because the glomeruli are very small, (in our case, a MRI image is ∼16 million voxels, each glomerulus is in the size of 8∼20 voxels), and the number of glomeruli is very large. (elsevier.com)
  • Most people with diabetes do not develop nephropathy that is severe enough to cause kidney failure. (kidneyurology.org)
  • Acute kidney failure occurs in severe cases of damage to the glomeruli. (rxwiki.com)
  • The condition can become so severe that dialysis or kidney transplants are necessary. (lupusresearch.org)
Creatinine2
  • An abnormal creatinine clearance rate may mean you have a problem with your kidneys. (ahealthyme.com)
  • His kidney function was grossly deranged with a urea and creatinine level of 197 mg/dl and 5.6 mg/dl, respectively. (indianjnephrol.org)
Ultrasound2
  • The doctor also might order a kidney ultrasound to get a better look at the kidneys. (kidshealth.org)
  • You may also have an ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or other imaging test done of your kidneys. (ahealthyme.com)
Tissue3
  • However, there is currently a lack of computationally efficient techniques to perform fast, reliable and accurate counts of glomeruli in MR images due to the issues inherent in MRI, such as acquisition noise, partial volume effects (the mixture of several tissue signals in a voxel) and bias field (spatial intensity inhomogeneity). (elsevier.com)
  • During a kidney biopsy, a tiny bit of kidney tissue is removed and sent to a lab for testing. (kidshealth.org)
  • while the patient is asleep to take a tiny sample of kidney tissue. (kidshealth.org)
Body's2
  • The critical regulation of the body's salt, potassium and acid content is performed by the kidneys, the National Kidney Foundation explains. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • Also, your kidneys use up about 20 to 25 percent of your body's supply of oxygen. (drbenkim.com)
Deposition1
  • PAR2 BP suppressed TNFα elevation, and attenuated activation of the coagulation, thus leading to a decrease in fibrin formation and its deposition in the glomerulus. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional2
  • structural and functional unit of kidney. (wikibooks.org)
  • It was stated that owing to the complex morpho-functional organization of the mammalian kidneys, it is essential both to determine the exact localization of the kidney cells that express the miRNAs, and to identify precisely which mRNAs are bound and degraded by these miRNAs. (emedinexus.com)
Cortex2
  • The outer portion of each of the kidneys is the cortex, while the inner portion is called the medulla. (mountsinai.org)
  • The outer layer of the kidney is called the cortex, and is a rigid fibrous encapsulation. (justia.com)
Function5
  • The condition may develop quickly, and kidney function is lost within weeks or months. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The immune system, instead of attacking bacteria or viruses, attacks the kidneys so that they can't function properly. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
  • What is the function of aldosterone in the kidneys? (varsitytutors.com)
  • Those are some big words that come down to how this test will determine your kidney function. (bonnercountydailybee.com)
  • In some people, the filtering function of the kidneys is actually higher than normal in the first few years of their diabetes. (kidneyurology.org)
Symptoms2
  • Chronic kidney failure symptoms may gradually develop. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Someone who has these symptoms might not have kidney failure - many other things can cause them. (kidshealth.org)
Podocyte1
  • 2017. Accelerated podocyte detachment and progressive podocyte loss from glomeruli with age in Alport Syndrome. . (umich.edu)
Called the medulla1
  • The interior of the kidney is called the medulla. (justia.com)
Grossly2
  • Grossly, the kidneys are bean-shaped structures and weigh about 150 g in the male and about 135 g in the female. (medscape.com)
  • At organ procuring, the liver and kidney grafts looked grossly normal. (cdc.gov)
Excretion2
  • However, during kidney failure, the intestinal contribution of urate excretion increases to compensate for the decreased elimination by the kidneys. (medscape.com)
  • Normally, two thirds of uric acid excretion occurs through the kidneys and one third through the intestines. (medscape.com)
FSGS3
  • Unexpectedly, in both FSGS and HIVAN but not normal kidneys, the media of medium artery and arterioles contained a subset of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells that stained for APOL1. (asnjournals.org)
  • FSGS is often diagnosed with a kidney biopsy. (medicinenet.com)
  • Additionally, there is a risk of FSGS in the newly transplanted kidney, which leads to kidney failure. (medicinenet.com)
Reabsorb1
  • The kidneys also reabsorb glucose and amino acids and have hormonal functions via erythropoietin, calcitriol, and vitamin D activation. (medscape.com)
Artery5
  • Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a blockage of an artery to the kidneys. (unmc.edu)
  • A renal artery aneurysm is a bulging, weakened area in the wall of an artery to the kidney. (unmc.edu)
  • These occur on an artery inside the kidney. (unmc.edu)
  • The posterior segmental artery supplies most of the posterior kidney, with the exception of the lower pole. (medscape.com)
  • The renal veins drain the kidneys in a similar distribution, and the renal vein is generally anterior to the renal artery at the hilum. (medscape.com)
Endothelium1
  • We detected APOL1 in the arteriolar endothelium of normal and diseased kidney sections. (asnjournals.org)
Abdominal cavity1
  • In normal anatomy, the two kidneys are located retroperitoneally in the abdominal cavity. (justia.com)
Immunohistochemistry1
  • Immunohistochemistry: p19ARF/CDKN2A Antibody [NB200-106] - Adult mouse kidney (glomerulus). (novusbio.com)
Fibrosis1
  • Glomerulo-sclerosis is extravagant way of indicating that the glomerulus are hardened with debris, fibrin clots (fibrosis), and acidic squander clogging the filters. (pakalertpress.com)