Kidney diseases. Medical search

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.

Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)

The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.

The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.

A subgroup of TRP cation channels that are widely expressed in various cell types. Defects are associated with POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).

Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

A genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS and associated LIVER lesions. Serious manifestations are usually present at BIRTH with high PERINATAL MORTALITY.

The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney.

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.

The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.

An extracellular cystatin subtype that is abundantly expressed in bodily fluids. It may play a role in the inhibition of interstitial CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

Agents which improve the quality of the blood, increasing the hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes. They are used in the treatment of anemias.

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports basic and applied research for a national program in diabetes, endocrinology, and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases and nutrition; and kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases. It was established in 1948.

Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

Excision of kidney.

Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.

A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.

Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) - anchored membrane protein found on the thick ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. The cleaved form of the protein is found abundantly in URINE.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.

Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY.

Populations of thin, motile processes found covering the surface of ciliates (CILIOPHORA) or the free surface of the cells making up ciliated EPITHELIUM. Each cilium arises from a basic granule in the superficial layer of CYTOPLASM. The movement of cilia propels ciliates through the liquid in which they live. The movement of cilia on a ciliated epithelium serves to propel a surface layer of mucus or fluid. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.

Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Procedures which temporarily or permanently remedy insufficient cleansing of body fluids by the kidneys.

Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.

A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.

A nongenetic defect due to malformation of the KIDNEY which appears as a bunch of grapes with multiple renal cysts but lacking the normal renal bean shape, and the collection drainage system. This condition can be detected in-utero with ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The functional units of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and the attached tubule.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A BLOOD PRESSURE regulating system of interacting components that include RENIN; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; and angiotensinase. Renin, an enzyme produced in the kidney, acts on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II, an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II causes contraction of the arteriolar and renal VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, leading to retention of salt and water in the KIDNEY and increased arterial blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ADRENAL CORTEX, which in turn also increases salt and water retention in the kidney. Angiotensin-converting enzyme also breaks down BRADYKININ, a powerful vasodilator and component of the KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM.

Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.

Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.

Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.

Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.

Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Presence of blood in the urine.

A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.

The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of tryptophan. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan.

A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.

Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

The portion of renal tubule that begins from the enlarged segment of the ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. It reenters the KIDNEY CORTEX and forms the convoluted segments of the distal tubule.

A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.

A specialized barrier in the kidney, consisting of the fenestrated CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE; and glomerular epithelium (PODOCYTES). The barrier prevents the filtration of PLASMA PROTEINS.

The urea concentration of the blood stated in terms of nitrogen content. Serum (plasma) urea nitrogen is approximately 12% higher than blood urea nitrogen concentration because of the greater protein content of red blood cells. Increases in blood or serum urea nitrogen are referred to as azotemia and may have prerenal, renal, or postrenal causes. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.

Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.

One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the KIDNEY PELVIS to the URINARY BLADDER.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

Dialysis fluid being introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity as either a continuous or an intermittent procedure.

Condition where a primary dysfunction of either heart or kidney results in failure of the other organ (e.g., HEART FAILURE with worsening RENAL INSUFFICIENCY).

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.

A family of bacteria ranging from free living and saprophytic to parasitic and pathogenic forms.

Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Non-cadaveric providers of organs for transplant to related or non-related recipients.

An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A fetuin subtype that is synthesized by HEPATOCYTES and secreted into the circulation. It plays a major role in preventing CALCIUM precipitation in the BLOOD.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Conjugated proteins in which mucopolysaccharides are combined with proteins. The mucopolysaccharide moiety is the predominant group with the protein making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.

Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).

Smooth muscle-like cells adhering to the wall of the small blood vessels of the KIDNEY at the glomerulus and along the vascular pole of the glomerulus in the JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS. They are myofibroblasts with contractile and phagocytic properties. These cells and their MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX constitute the GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM.

Rats bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Inorganic compounds that contain calcium as an integral part of the molecule.

A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.

Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A diverse family of extracellular proteins that bind to small hydrophobic molecules. They were originally characterized as transport proteins, however they may have additional roles such as taking part in the formation of macromolecular complexes with other proteins and binding to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Congenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). It consists of 2 types: simple Caroli disease is characterized by bile duct dilatation (ectasia) alone; and complex Caroli disease is characterized by bile duct dilatation with extensive hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). Benign renal tubular ectasia is associated with both types of Caroli disease.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

A chronic, acquired, idiopathic, progressive eruption of the skin that occurs in the context of RENAL FAILURE. It is sometimes accompanied by systemic fibrosis. The pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial, with postulated involvement of circulating fibrocytes. There is a strong association between this disorder and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Liquid material found in epithelial-lined closed cavities or sacs.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.

A biochemical abnormality referring to an elevation of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN and CREATININE. Azotemia can be produced by KIDNEY DISEASES or other extrarenal disorders. When azotemia becomes associated with a constellation of clinical signs, it is termed UREMIA.

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.

Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

The administrative procedures involved with acquiring TISSUES or organs for TRANSPLANTATION through various programs, systems, or organizations. These procedures include obtaining consent from TISSUE DONORS and arranging for transportation of donated tissues and organs, after TISSUE HARVESTING, to HOSPITALS for processing and transplantation.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS.

Small organic molecules that act as allosteric activators of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the PARATHYROID GLANDS and other tissues. They lower the threshold for CaSR activation by extracellular calcium ions and diminish PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) release from parathyroid cells.

Loss of vascular ELASTICITY due to factors such as AGING; and ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. Increased arterial stiffness is one of the RISK FACTORS for many CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Devices which can substitute for normally functioning KIDNEYS in removing components from the blood by DIALYSIS that are normally eliminated in the URINE.

Specific molecular sites or proteins on or in cells to which VASOPRESSINS bind or interact in order to modify the function of the cells. Two types of vasopressin receptor exist, the V1 receptor in the vascular smooth muscle and the V2 receptor in the kidneys. The V1 receptor can be subdivided into V1a and V1b (formerly V3) receptors.

A non-fibrillar collagen found in the structure of BASEMENT MEMBRANE. Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer.

Thickening of the walls of small ARTERIES or ARTERIOLES due to cell proliferation or HYALINE deposition.

Methoxyflurane nephropathy. (1/7998)

Investigations of methoxyflurane-induced nephrotoxicity in man have been extensively aided by the use of an animal model. To be of value the animal model must share similar metabolic pathways with man and have the same clinical manifestations of the diseases process. The Fischer 344 rat appears to meet these criteria. The predominant factors in the production of methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity appear to be high methoxyflurane dosage and serum inorganic fluoride concentration. It is likely that secondary factors include: (1) a high rate of methoxyflurane metabolism and sepsitivity of the kidney to inorganic fluoride toxicity: (2) concurrent treatment with other nephrotoxic drugs; (3) preexisting renal disease; (4) surgery of the urogenital tract, aorta, or renal vasculative; (5) repeat administration of methoxyflurane due to accumulation of inorganic fluoride and, perhaps, methoxyflurane induction of its own metabolism: and (6) concurrent treatment with enzyme-inducing drugs such as phenobarbital. (+info)

Perinatal nephropathies. (2/7998)

The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the mammalian kidney and to assess the influence that various perinatal manipulations may have on the developmental process either morphologically or functionally. Immature kidneys in general have less functional capacity than adult kidneys and a low rate of glomerular filtration, perhaps related to renal blood flow, which appears to limit the disposition of a fluid or solute load. Tubular reabsorption is also limited leading to the urinary loss of glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate and phosphate. Although the relatively low function of the immature kidney is a normal part of development, its capacity to respond under conditions of stress may be less adequate than in adults. An additional concern is that a variety of perinatal manipulations, such as the incidental or accidental ingestion of a chemical, may lead to varying degrees of altered morphogenesis or functional development of the kidney. Chemical induced renal anomalies may be of several types, but in typical teratology experiments hydronephrosis may be the most frequent observation. The functional consequences of these renal malformations may be lethal or inconsequential or while an animal may be able to survive and develop normally in the presence of a renal malformation, it is possible that a stressful situation would unmask a functional malformation which could compromise survival. Thus, some renal abnormalities may be subtle enough to go unnoticed without experimental tests. Without such tests it is impossible to evaluate the effect of functional alterations on successful adaptation. (+info)

Renal function tests: what do they mean? A review of renal anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology. (3/7998)

Renal physiology, biochemistry, and anatomy are reviewed. For the most part, those aspects of these disciplines will be discussed which relate directly to the question of the evaluation of nephrotoxicity. In addition, emphasis is placed on those procedures and techniques which are useful in the evaluation of nephrotoxicity. A detailed discussion of histological and anatomical considerations is not given, since this is probably the least useful criterion for evaluation of renal damage. This information is intended as background for the remainder of the symposium which will be directed toward an understanding of specific nephrotoxicity phenomena. (+info)

Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor gene in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CAKUT, of mice and men. (4/7998)

Angiotensin type 2 receptor gene null mutant mice display congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Various features of mouse CAKUT impressively mimic human CAKUT. Studies of the human type 2 receptor (AGTR2) gene in two independent cohorts found that a significant association exists between CAKUT and a nucleotide transition within the lariat branchpoint motif of intron 1, which perturbs AGTR2 mRNA splicing efficiency. AGTR2, therefore, has a significant ontogenic role for the kidney and urinary tract system. Studies revealed that the establishment of CAKUT is preceded by delayed apoptosis of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells surrounding the urinary tract during key ontogenic events, from the ureteral budding to the expansive growth of the kidney and ureter. (+info)

The inhibition of myeloperoxidase by ceruloplasmin can be reversed by anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies. (5/7998)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to characterize the recently reported inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by ceruloplasmin and to determine whether this may be disturbed in the presence of anti-MPO antibodies. METHODS: Specificity of the binding between ceruloplasmin and MPO was confirmed by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the enzymatic activity of MPO was measured in the presence of ceruloplasmin, affinity-purified anti-MPO antibodies, or both. The affinity of the binding between MPO and ceruloplasmin and MPO and the anti-MPO antibodies was measured using a biosensor, with the results confirmed by chaotrope ELISA. RESULTS: Affinity-purified anti-MPO antibodies from patients with microscopic polyangiitis and florid renal vasculitis inhibited the binding between ceruloplasmin and MPO to a maximum of 72.9 +/- 12.8%, whereas those from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis and only minimal renal involvement inhibited the binding to a maximum of only 36.8 +/- 10.9% (P < 0. 001), with comparable reversal of the ceruloplasmin-mediated inhibition of MPO activity. Measurement of the affinity of the interactions demonstrated that binding between MPO and the anti-MPO antibodies is stronger than that between MPO and ceruloplasmin (1.61 x 107 to 1.33 x 108 vs. 7.46 x 106 m-1), indicating that binding to the autoantibody would be favored in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms a role for ceruloplasmin as a physiological inhibitor of MPO, and demonstrates how the inhibition may be disrupted in the presence of anti-MPO antibodies. Because a majority (16 of 21) of the antibodies did not themselves inhibit MPO activity, their interference with the inhibition mediated by ceruloplasmin may be brought about by steric hindrance consequent upon the binding of the antibody to a dominant epitope at or near the active site. (+info)

Expression of bcl-2 and bax in glomerular disease. (6/7998)

Bcl-2 may account in part for the maintenance of hypercellularity in human glomerular diseases through preventing cell death and by counteracting bax which may be expressed to regulate excessive proliferation. This process is associated with the effect of PDGF B-chain expression. Bax expression may be important in the cell loss leading to glomerulosclerosis and TGF-beta1 participates in this process by increasing bax expression. Thus, the balance of bcl-2/bax expression may be critical in the course of human glomerular diseases. (+info)

Effect of fasting on temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (7/7998)

Evidence for temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B was recently reported in experimental animals. The role of food in these variations was determined by studying the effect of a short fasting period on the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B. Twenty-eight normally fed and 28 fasted female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Food was available ad libitum to the fed rats, while the fasted animals were fasted 12 h before and 24 h after amphotericin B injection to minimize stress for the animals. Water was available ad libitum to both groups of rats, which were maintained on a 14-h light, 10-h dark regimen (light on at 0600 h). Renal toxicity was determined by comparing the levels of excretion of renal enzyme and the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels at the time of the maximal (0700 h) or the minimal (1900 h) nephrotoxicity after the intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of dextrose (5%; control group) or amphotericin B (50 mg/kg of body weight; treated group) to the rats. The nephrotoxicities obtained after amphotericin B administration at both times of day were compared to the nephrotoxicities observed for time-matched controls. In fed animals, the 24-h urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase was significantly higher when amphotericin B was injected at 0700 and 1900 h. The excretion of these two enzymes was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in fasting rats, and this effect was larger at 0700 h (P < 0.05) than at 1900 h. The serum creatinine level was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fed animals treated at 0700 h than in fed animals treated at 1900 h. Fasting reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the increase in the serum creatinine level, and this effect was larger in the animals treated at 0700 h. Similar data were obtained for BUN levels. Amphotericin B accumulation was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the renal cortexes of fed rats than in those of fasted animals, but there was no difference according to the time of injection. These results demonstrated that fasting reduces the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B and that food availability is of crucial importance in the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (+info)

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor (AT1) antagonists: either or both for primary renal disease? (8/7998)

At the present time we cannot assume that the proven benefits of ACEI on renal disease will be reproduced by using AT1-ra. With potentially differing modes of activity of these drugs, they cannot be seen as interchangeable and ACEI should remain the drug of choice in patients with progressive renal disease unless they are not tolerated. It is possible that AT1-ra may offer additional advantages in some patients or that synergy exists between the two agents, but this view will remain entirely speculative unless proper trials are conducted. Despite the results of the ELITE study [22], the uncertainty regarding the use AT1-ra in cardiovascular disease mirrors that of renal disease. This issue is obviously of relevance to the nephrologist in view of the spectrum of cardiac disease that accompanies chronic renal failure, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac failure, which provide multiple indications for manipulation of RAS. Despite their renoprotective effect, previous studies on ACEI [3,4] have not shown an overall reduction in mortality and this issue needs to be addressed in addition to renoprotection in studies comparing AT1-ra and ACEI. (+info)

... , or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an ... Generally, the progression of kidney disease is from mild to serious. Some kidney diseases can cause kidney failure. Nathan W. ... the complete loss of kidney function. Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney ... "Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease-More Than a Renal Disease". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 16 (5): 403-413. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_disease

... retrieved 2009-05-30 Bacterial Kidney Disease, Fisheries Research Services, retrieved 2009-06-06 Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD ... Bacterial kidney disease (BKD, also known as white boil disease) is a systemic infection caused by the bacterium Renibacterium ... Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Michigan salmonids. PhD Dissertation. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. ... Bullock, G.; Herman, R. (1998), Bacterial Kidney Disease of Salmonid Fishes Caused by Renibacterium Salmoninarum, Leetown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_kidney_disease

"Hypertensive risk factors in kidney disease in African Americans". Kidney International. Renal Disease in Racial and Ethnic ... Hypertensive kidney disease is a medical condition referring to damage to the kidney due to chronic high blood pressure. It ... Kidney Disease Symptoms and Treatment". www.kidney-symptom.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12. "nephron: definition of nephron in Oxford ... "Epidemiology of Hypertensive Kidney Disease".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) Rowe, D J; Bagga, H; Betts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_kidney_disease

... (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of ... Vascular disease includes large-vessel disease such as bilateral kidney artery stenosis and small-vessel disease such as ... Causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Risk ... Severe disease requires hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant for survival. Chronic kidney disease affected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease

... www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/other-kidney-conditions/polycystic-kidney-disease.html#what_causes_polycystic_kidney_disease_ ... 2018 "Polycystic Kidney Disease." The National Kidney Foundation, 3 Feb. 2017 "Polycystic Kidney Disease." American Kidney Fund ... Another example of cystic kidney disease is Medullary sponge kidney. Cystic kidney disease includes various conditions related ... can affect one or both kidneys Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_kidney_disease

... (GCKD) is a renal cystic disease that can be classified in five major groups including familial ... Glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD) is a cystic disorder of the kidneys. GCKD involves cystic dilation of Bowman's capsule. ... There are no alternate names for this disease but it is often misdiagnosed as other related kidney diseases. Dilation of ... For most chronic kidney disease cases, women live longer than men.[citation needed] There is much need for further research in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulocystic_kidney_disease

Nephrocalcinosis Kidney disease Schulsinger DA (2014). Kidney Stone Disease: Say NO to Stones!. Springer. p. 27. ISBN ... of people who form kidney stones have medullary sponge kidney. Kidney stones are more common in people with Crohn's disease; ... Kidney stone disease at Curlie Information from the European Urological Association Kidney Stone Guide Book - University of ... National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (2007). "Kidney Stones in Adults (NIH Publication No. 08-2495 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

"polycystic kidney disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Cramer MT, Guay-Woodford LM (July 2015). "Cystic kidney disease: a ... "What Is Polycystic Kidney Disease?". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Retrieved 3 ... "Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). ... "Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease

... mucin-1 kidney disease 1 (MKD1) and mucin-2 kidney disease/uromodulin kidney disease (MKD2). A third form of the disease occurs ... uromodulin kidney disease (UKD). The diagnosis of medullary cystic kidney disease can be done via a physical exam. Further ... leading to an ultimate loss of the kidney's function manifesting as a disease state. Mucin-1 kidney disease (MKD) is due to a ... MEDULLARY CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE 2; MCKD2". omim.org. Retrieved 2 January 2018. "Medullary cystic kidney disease: MedlinePlus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_cystic_kidney_disease

"Polycystic Kidney Disease". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). U.S. Department of Health ... February 2008). "Variation in age at ESRD in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease". American Journal of Kidney Diseases ... "Management of ESRD in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease". Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 17 (2): ... Kidney diseases, Cat diseases, Channelopathies, Rare diseases, Autosomal dominant disorders). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_dominant_polycystic_kidney_disease

... (ARPKD) is the recessive form of polycystic kidney disease. It is associated with ... Sweeney, William (1993). "Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive". Polycystic kidney Disease. NIH. Gene Review. PMID ... Glomerulocystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease Diffuse cystic dysplasia The treatment options for ... if kidney failure is present) Kidney transplantation(in serious cases) "Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_recessive_polycystic_kidney_disease

"American Journal of Kidney Diseases - Elsevier". Archived from the original on 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2017-06-30. "American ... The American Journal of Kidney Diseases (AJKD) is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of nephrology. ... "Editorial Board: American Journal of Kidney Diseases". Official website AJKD Blog v t e (Articles with short description, Short ... Journal of Kidney Diseases". 2016 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2017. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Journal_of_Kidney_Diseases

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD3 gene. Polycystic kidney ... It is known as 'polycystic kidneys'. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD3) is an autosomal dominant inheritance that leads to renal ... "Entrez Gene: Polycystic kidney disease 3 (autosomal dominant)". Porath B, Gainullin VG, Cornec-Le Gall E, Dillinger EK, Heyer ... In an analysis of 20 patients from 9 unrelated families develop polycystic kidney disease with heterozygous mutations in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease_3_(autosomal_dominant)

... (NIDDKD) Current Concepts and Management Strategies in Chronic Kidney Disease- ... and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes ... Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney ... a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)". Kidney International. 69 (11): 1945-1953. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease-mineral_and_bone_disorder

... commonly seen in people with end-stage kidney disease who have a much higher risk of developing acquired cystic kidney disease ... Acquired cystic kidney disease-associated renal cell carcinoma is rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. It is most ... Bloody urine and flank pain in a person with end-stage kidney disease raise suspicion for ACKD-associated renal cell carcinoma ... ACKD-associated renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon cause of death for people with end-stage kidney disease. Przybycin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquired_cystic_kidney_disease-associated_renal_cell_carcinoma

National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Data System; National Digestive Diseases Data System; Kidney and Urologic Diseases ... Kidney Diseases". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 15 ... and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The Act also established the National Digestive Diseases Advisory Board. The law authorized ... Digestive Diseases and Nutrition; and Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases.[citation needed] The NIDDK Office of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Diabetes_and_Digestive_and_Kidney_Diseases

... , also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately ... Unlike chronic kidney disease, however, the kidneys can often recover from acute kidney injury, allowing the person with AKI to ... acute kidney failure from chronic kidney failure include anemia and the kidney size on sonography as chronic kidney disease ... Acute kidney injuries can be present on top of chronic kidney disease, a condition called acute-on-chronic kidney failure ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 54 (2): 334-339. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.11.014. PMID 19167799. Smyth, A; Collins, CS; ... Since Page kidney is primarily a unilateral process, symptoms will differ depending on if the patient has native kidneys or not ... The biggest shift in cause comes from kidney allograft biopsy, which now accounts for the majority of Page kidney cases.[ ... In patients with one functioning kidney, prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment are needed to prevent irreversible kidney ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_kidney

"World Kidney Day: An Idea Whose Time Has Come". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 47 (3): 375-377. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd. ... World Kidney Day (WKD) is a global health awareness campaign focusing on the importance of the kidneys and reducing the ... frequency and impact of kidney disease and its associated health problems worldwide.[citation needed] World Kidney Day is ... WKD is a joint initiative of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the International Federation of Kidney ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Kidney_Day

Staging of chronic kidney disease is based on categories of GFR as well as albuminuria and cause of kidney disease. Central to ... "Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical ... For example, a person with chronic kidney disease may develop oedema due to failure of the kidneys to regulate water balance. ... Some forms of imaging, such as kidney ultrasound or CT scans, may assess kidney function by indicating chronic disease that can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

Cinman, Nadya M.; Okeke, Zeph; Smith, Arthur D. (August 2007). "Pelvic kidney: associated diseases and treatment". Journal of ... A pelvic kidney, also known as an ectopic kidney, is a normal kidney located in the pelvis, instead of the abdomen. This occurs ... A pelvic kidney can make it more difficult to diagnose kidney infections and kidney cancer. The renal artery and the renal vein ... A pelvic kidney is also known as an ectopic kidney. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pelvic kidney. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_kidney

4 April - Roberto Calero, 77, bolero singer; kidney disease. Piven, Ben (January 25, 2021). "Ecuadorian Amazon: Three European ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_in_Ecuador

Kidney disease. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KD-QOL) Instrument was developed in 1994 by the RAND corporation. It has ... disease state, or psychological well-being. Alzheimer's disease. The Quality of Life of Carers of Alzheimer's Disease Patients ... Hays RD, Kallich JD, Mapes DL, Coons SJ, Carter WB (October 1994). "Development of the kidney disease quality of life (KDQOL) ... Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease questionnaire (LCOPD) has 22 yes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_patient-reported_quality_of_life_surveys

Kidney Diseases. 2 (2): 56-63. doi:10.1159/000446267. ISSN 2296-9381. PMC 4947691. PMID 27536693. "Senior health: How to ... Patients with poor kidney function, or low glomerular filtration rate, are at even higher risk of hyponatremia due to increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_and_toast_syndrome

... diseases causing low blood oxygen such as asthma and emphysema; previous chest surgery; kidney disease; blood loss and pain; ... Palpitation may be associated with coronary heart disease, hyperthyroidism, diseases affecting cardiac muscle such as ... Paget's disease of bone or pregnancy), structural abnormalities (congenital heart disease, cardiomegaly, aortic aneurysm, or ... People considered to be at high risk for an arrhythmia include those with organic heart disease or any myocardial abnormality ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations

Muscle cramps can also be a symptom or complication of pregnancy; kidney disease; thyroid disease; hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia ... Medical conditions associated with leg cramps are cardiovascular disease, hemodialysis, cirrhosis, pregnancy, and lumbar canal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramp

The Kidney Education Foundation (KEF) is a health awareness organization focused on kidney diseases. It provides information ... In 2005, Dr Sanjay Pandya began drafting a book to educate patients about the prevention and care of kidney diseases and common ... The organization has been founded by an Indian nephrologist, Dr Sanjay Pandya, in 2010 to create awareness about kidney disease ... "Read through Whatsapp now about kidney diseases". www.punjabkesari.in. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016. Official ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_Education_Foundation

... failure Acute kidney failure Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Renal artery stenosis Renovascular hypertension Generally, ... Right Kidney Kidney Right Kidney Right kidney Left kidney Kidneys Left kidney Artificial kidney Holonephros Nephromegaly Organ ... Nutcracker syndrome Polycystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease affects patients later in life. ... exposure to substances toxic to the kidney; and family history of kidney disease. Kidney function is tested by using blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

"Polycystic kidney disease , International Cat Care". icatcare.org. Retrieved 2016-07-08. "Polycystic Kidney Disease". www.vet. ... There may also be other deleterious effects besides those caused by recessive diseases. Thus, similar immune systems may be ... Moreover, there is an increased risk for congenital heart disease depending on the inbreeding coefficient (See coefficient of ... Viable inbred offspring are also likely to be inflicted with physical deformities and genetically inherited diseases. Studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding

... closure resulted from a massive fish kill attributed to proliferative kidney disease, a rare but serious salmonid disease. The ... "Proliferative Kidney Disease". Merck Animal Health. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone_River

Joseph Sargent, 89, American film director (The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, MacArthur, Jaws: The Revenge), heart disease. ... Dennis Walaker, 73, American politician, Mayor of Fargo, North Dakota (since 2006), kidney cancer. Herman Badillo, 85, Puerto ... Bill J. Dukes, 87, American politician, member of the Alabama House of Representatives (1994-2010), Parkinson's disease. Claude ... Fuzzy Thurston, 80, American football player (Green Bay Packers), Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Johnny Treadwell, 73, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_December_2014

Chekhov died on 15 July 1904 at the age of 44 after a long fight with tuberculosis, the same disease that killed his brother. ... "Chekhov had to function like Suvorin's kidney, extracting the businessman's poisons."Wood 2000, p. 79 The Huntsman.. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov

PTGS1 (COX-1) is constitutively expressed in many tissues and is the predominant form in gastric mucosa and in the kidneys. ... It sticks platelets together and promotes clotting; inhibiting this helps prevent heart disease. On the other hand, PTGS2 (COX- ... Minghetti L, Pocchiari M (2007). "Cyclooxygenase‐2, Prostaglandin E2, and Microglial Activation in Prion Diseases". ... Mechanisms of COX-2 inhibitor risk to heart disease". Life Sciences. 88 (1-2): 24-30. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.017. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin-endoperoxide_synthase_2

It has been used in the treatment of gout, infertility, open wounds, snakebite, ulcers, arthritis, cholera, colic, kidney ... Problems during cultivation include inadequate pollination, fungal diseases such as leaf blight and tuber rot, and crop pests ... sexually transmitted diseases, and many types of internal parasites. It is an anthelmintic.[citation needed] It has been used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloriosa_superba

Although one was found to have normal kidneys on examination at birth, he later developed kidney failure in late adolescence ... Strømme syndrome therefore falls under the classification of diseases known as ciliopathies. Mutations that have been ... Two siblings who did not survive to term had underdeveloped kidneys and ureters, leading to a build-up of urine called ... A 2021 case report reported the successful use of a kidney transplant for renal failure in one late adolescent patient. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strømme_syndrome

He died on October 28, 1964, in Washington, D.C., from complications arising from Parkinson's disease, kidney failure, and ... He was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. The shaking in his left arm had become so severe by the start of 1958 that he ... Burton publicly announced that he was suffering from Parkinson's disease. He retired on the advice of physicians, who said the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hitz_Burton

Hornbogen for the death of their friend, Fred Begeman, who had died of heart disease and kidney trouble under Dr. Hornbogen's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquette_Branch_Prison

Hoy's work on indigenous kidney disease, and links between kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure was ... including chronic kidney disease in the Indigenous population in Australia, and related diseases. Hoy said "kidney disease was ... "Professor targets Indigenous kidney disease". ABC News. 11 April 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2019. "Academy launches vision for ... "Professor targets Indigenous kidney disease". ABC News. 11 April 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2019. "Wendy Hoy". The Conversation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Hoy

Sakorn suffered from lung disease and kidney failure and had been admitted to Kasemrad Rattanathibet Hospital on 9 May. He was ... Deaths from kidney failure, Deaths from cancer in Thailand, Thai traditional performing artists). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakorn_Yang-keawsot

Rushed to the hospital, Chevalier was saved but suffered liver and kidney damage as a result of the drug. In the following ... "poverty is a disease that can never be cured." When not playing around with young chorus-girls, he actually felt quite lonely, ... It was unsuccessful; Chevalier died from a cardiac arrest following kidney surgery on New Year's Day 1972, aged 83. He is ... By December 30, doctors announced his kidneys were no longer responding to dialysis. Too frail for a transplant, he underwent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier

"Update on Multi-State Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 Infections From Fresh Spinach". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ... 53 were hospitalized and 8 developed a type of kidney failure called hemolytic-uremic syndrome. According to the CDC, illness ... 14, 2006 , CDC Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch Archived September 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine 2 N.J. food ... 52 of whom were ultimately confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control to have tested positive the same E. coli strain. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_American_E._coli_O157:H7_outbreaks

... the formation of kidney stones), which sometimes may lead to more severe condition including kidney failure Metabolic ... Impairs endothelial function in healthy HIV-negative men and may accelerate atherosclerotic disease. Indinavir is a white ... It significantly increased life expectancies and decreased noticeable symptoms from infectious diseases that were the result of ... but it can extend the length of a person's life for several years by slowing the progression of the disease. The type that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

Fetal demise Gestational hypertension Maternal conditions such as gestational diabetes or chronic kidney disease Preeclampsia ... Hypoxic damage can also occur to most of the infant's organs (heart, lungs, liver, gut, kidneys), but brain damage is of most ... The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has led an initiative to improve woman's health previous to ... Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC (2014). Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

In 2010, updated guidelines were issued by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, recommending use of cefepime, ... kidney failure, low blood pressure, bleeding, and other serious medical complications). The score was developed to select ... Guidelines issued in 2002 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend the use of particular combinations of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febrile_neutropenia

"Kidney International - Abstract of article: Epidemic hypotension in a dialysis center caused by sodium azide". Kidney Int. 37 ( ... Rodriguez-Kabana, R., Backman, P. A. and King, P.S., Plant Disease Reporter, 1975, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 528-532 (link) Awan, M. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_azide

Sadly they both succumbed to the disease. In 2007 shortly after the concert, Tom and Stephen left Versus Cancer to pursue other ... Already 2007 had been clouded by the shockingly fast demise of Tony Wilson who died only months after contracting kidney cancer ... the decision was finalised to put on a small charity gig to raise some money to raise awareness of the disease. Later it was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versus_Cancer

Deaths from kidney disease). ... and chronic Bright's disease. She was buried at West Norwood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_James

"Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases". Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Centers for Disease Control. 2018-10-26. Dantas-Torres, Filipe ( ... or kidneys. Long-term health problems following acute Rocky Mountain spotted fever infection include partial paralysis of the ... of rickettsial diseases. "Delay in treatment of rickettsial diseases may lead to severe illness or death. Children are five ... that causes this disease. He and others characterized the basic epidemiological features of the disease, including the role of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever

Delahunty was a guest worker at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in the diabetes branch. At ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Delahunty

Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Department of Urology Andhra Medical College Central library was established in ... who has been instrumental in developing the Kidney transplantation facility in the hospital. Department of Neurology Department ... 2010). End Stage Renal Disease, ECAB Clinical Update. New Delhi: Elsevier. p. 1. ISBN 978-8131232019. "AMC Neurosurgery Dept. ... Hospital For Mental Care Rani Chandramani Devi Government Hospital Government Hospital for Chest and Communicable Diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Medical_College

A Ureterovaginal fistula is always indicative of an obstructed kidney necessitating emergency intervention followed later by an ... or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms can be troubling for women especially since some clinicians delay treatment until ... "Pelvic Fistulas Complicating Pelvic Surgery or Diseases: Spectrum of Imaging Findings". Korean Journal of Radiology. 2 (2): 97- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureterovaginal_fistula

It contains black or brown kidney-shaped seeds each 2 or 3 millimeters long. The plant often grows in wet, muddy habitat, such ... This species is susceptible to the plant disease anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This plant is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschynomene_indica

... and increased risk of aging-associated diseases including cancer and heart disease. Aging has been defined as "a progressive ... similar processes in the kidney can lead to kidney failure. Damage to enzymes reduces cellular functionality. Lipid ... In Wilson's disease, a hereditary defect that causes the body to retain copper, some of the symptoms resemble accelerated ... Dolly the sheep died young from a contagious lung disease, but data on an entire population of cloned individuals would be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

"Insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease: a step closer to effective evaluation and treatment". Kidney International. 86 (2 ... It was here that he began to examine metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus. Falta worked as a physician at the Kaiserin- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Falta

Subsequently, Kill was diagnosed with kidney cancer, which is now in remission. Kill has since started the Coach Kill Fund to ... Kill was a nominee for the 2011 Uplifting Athletes Rare Disease Champion Award, presented by Uplifting Athletes, but lost to ... Seeking Nominations for the 2012 Uplifting Athletes Rare Disease Champion Archived February 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Kill

Easley's career ended after the 1987 season, when he was diagnosed with severe kidney disease. After retirement, Easley owned a ... During the mandatory team physical, Easley was diagnosed with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, a severe kidney disease that ... He knew as early as 1986 that there were issues with his kidney but finally realized the severity of it when he failed the ... Easley received a new kidney two years later at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle. In 1991, Easley bought ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Easley

... is excreted mainly by the kidneys with around 50% excreted in unchanged form and only minor amounts present as ... has been studied in and reported to be effective in the treatment of fatigue due to multiple sclerosis and HIV-related disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemoline

For services to chronic kidney disease. Silver Medal Ferris Ash - Gentleman of the Chapel Royal Choir, Windsor Great Park - 17 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Special_Honours

They are classically associated with polycystic liver disease, as may be seen in the context of polycystic kidney disease, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_duct_hamartoma

TTC39A has been tested for association to diseases like breast neoplasms and is expected to have molecular binding function and ... TTC39B is expressed in a multitude of tissues: testis, lung, islets of langerhans, pancreas, kidney, pooled germ cell tumors, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetratricopeptide_repeat_protein_39B

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. NIDDK conducts and supports research on many of the most ... NIH-funded study finds personalized kidney screening for people with type 1 diabetes could reduce costs, detect disease earlier ... Learn how lupus nephritis can increase the risk of kidney damage and failure if left untreated. ... A type of step therapy is an effective strategy for diabetic eye disease ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/

National Kidney Foundation: Kidney disease and COVID-19. Chronic liver disease. Having chronic liver disease can make you more ... Chronic kidney disease. Having chronic kidney disease of any stage can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. ... Chronic liver disease can include alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, and ... Chronic lung diseases. Having a chronic lung disease can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. Chronic lung ...

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html

Trends in Kidney disease deaths from Health, United States. *QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Kidney ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Chronic Kidney Disease Initiative. *National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive ... Number of adults aged 18 and over with diagnosed kidney disease: 6.0 million ... Percent of adults aged 18 and over with diagnosed kidney disease: 2.4% ...

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/kidney-disease.htm

Diabetes, high blood pressure, or family history can increase risk of kidney disease. ... Properly functioning kidneys are critical for maintaining good health. ... FastStats: Kidney Disease (National Center for Health Statistics) * Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States (National ... National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse) Also in Spanish * Kidney Disease in Children (National ...

https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html

International expert consultation on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology Unknown author (‎World Health Organization, ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Kidney+Diseases&type=mesh

... which may be of great benefit to patients with chronic kidney disease. ... Novel Agents for the Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease. *Efficacy and Safety of Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin ... Novel Agents for the Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease. *Efficacy and Safety of Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin ... Cite this: Highlights of the Annual Dialysis Conference: Chronic Kidney Disease Related-Anemia - Medscape - Apr 02, 2007. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/553358_4

Although most are simple cysts, renal cystic disease has multiple etiologies. ... encoded search term (Cystic Diseases of the Kidney) and Cystic Diseases of the Kidney What to Read Next on Medscape ... Cystic Diseases of the Kidney. In: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Tool MW, Yu ASL, eds. Brenner and Rectors The Kidney. ... Sirolimus and kidney growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. New England Journal of Medicine. Aug. 26, 2010. 9: ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/453831-differential

... kidney diseases - Featured Topics from the National Center for Health Statistics ... Tags chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, kidney diseases, kidney failure, National Kidney Month ... March is designated National Kidney Month to raise awareness about the prevention and early detection of kidney disease. In ... There were about 3.9 million people in the U.S diagnosed with kidney disease making up 1.7% of non-institutionalized adults. ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/nchs/tag/kidney-diseases/

International expert consultation on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology Unknown author (‎World Health Organization, ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Kidney+Diseases&type=mesh

... is independently associated with kidney disease. Lastly, we would explore potential mechanisms and phenotypes of kidney disease ... on the prevalence and identification of kidney disease among WTC Health Program patients and assessment of kidney disease in a ... The first aim is to correlate kidney dysfunction with 9/11 exposure. Secondly, we propose that a well-established WTC-related ... Successful completion of the research would address a critical knowledge gap regarding risk of kidney damage among this group, ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/ResearchGateway/ResearchProjects/Details/133

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects people of all ages, can result in chronic renal failure, its most significant ...

https://search.medscape.com/resource/ckd

International expert consultation on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology 未知 (‎World Health Organization, Country ... "Kidney Diseases"浏览WCO Sri Lanka. 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. * 0-9 ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/254822/browse?locale-attribute=zh&type=mesh&authority=Kidney+Diseases

Autoimmunity and kidney diseases profile in Lund University Research portal Description. Autoimmune diseases affect several ... The diseases present with acute inflammation in the small vessels and cause rapidly progressive renal failure and life ... The work is focused on deciphering the underlying disease biology and translate this into new concepts of treatment as well as ... We have focused our research to a group of severe autoimmune diseases, called ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) ...

https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/lucat/group/v1001008

Human Parvovirus 4 in Kidney Transplant Patients, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008;14(11):1811-1812. doi:10.3201/ ... Whether these 5 patients were infected by kidney graft was impossible to determine because kidney transplant tissue samples ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/11/08-0862_article

Lehigh Valley Physician Group doctors and clinicians are employed by Lehigh Valley Health Network subsidiaries.. ...

https://www.lvhn.org/conditions/kidney-disease/doctors

... (CKD) Symptoms and Causes. Chronic kidney disease, also known as chronic renal disease or CKD, is a ... Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to keep you healthy by filtering ... The National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) guideline for evaluation, classification ... If kidney disease worsens, wastes can build to high levels in your blood and make you feel sick. Read Now > . ...

https://journals.lww.com/jaanpresourcecenter/Pages/ckd.aspx

You might not notice any problems if you have the early stages chronic kidney disease as most people dont have symptoms. ... National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease: "What Is Chronic Kidney Disease?" and "Testing for Kidney ... If youre at risk -- you have high blood pressure or diabetes, or if kidney disease runs in your family, for instance -- ask ... You might not notice any problems if you have chronic kidney disease thats in the early stages, and sometimes not even in the ...

https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-kidney-disease-symptoms

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 15 studies. 2,154 studies. ... 15 Studies found for: Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies , chronic kidney disease , NIDDK ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results/details?recrs=abc&cond=%22chronic+kidney+disease%22&spons=NIDDK

Dialysis Not Always Best Option in Advanced Kidney Disease * New Economic Study: Dapagliflozin Cost-Effective in Kidney Disease ... "All of the reductions in GFR were age-related, with no known intrinsic kidney disease or proteinuria," he told Medscape Medical ... The findings] are surprising given that bisphosphonates are contraindicated in patients with severe kidney disease," Dr Prieto- ... Cite this: Osteoporosis Drugs Show Safety in Chronic Kidney Disease - Medscape - Sep 09, 2017. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/885414

Parents of kids who have a chronic kidney disease often worry about what might happen next, how their child feels, and what ... Kids with chronic kidney disease often need dietary changes. Making sure that they get enough calories and nutrients can be a ... Some kids with kidney disease, particularly those with high blood pressure, may need to restrict their intake of sodium, which ... Kids with chronic kidney disease might also have problems dealing with the side effects of medicines. For those taking ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/InteractiveHealth/en/parents/chronic-kidney-disease.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Veteran Kidney Disease Benefits. Home , Kidney Disease Benefits , Learn About Kidney Disease , VHA Dialysis Facilities , ... VA » Veterans Health Administration » VHA National Kidney Program » Veteran Kidney Disease Benefits ... The VA provides healthcare services to Veterans with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), whether or not they have a service-connected ... Listed below are some common benefits related to kidney disease and dialysis services. ...

https://www.va.gov/health/services/renal/benefits.asp

... and chronic kidney disease. What is significant here is the magnitude of the kidney disease-related risk," said Alex Chang, M.D ... chronic kidney disease was most strongly associated with hospitalization, and COVID-19 patients with end-stage renal disease ... Kidney disease leading risk factor for COVID-related hospitalization Analysis of electronic health records reveals 11-fold ... "These findings highlight the need to prevent COVID-19-related illness in patients with kidney disease and other high-risk ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/692068

"When using them we should monitor kidney function to ensure were not causing AKI, which can lead to chronic kidney disease." ... One of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in non-critically ill children in the hospital is exposure to ... This awareness helps to prevent the kidney injury and sometimes leads to less use of nephrotoxic medications when they are not ... But catching it early, Fadrowski notes, can make it less severe, which is better for kidneys in the long term. ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/articles/ninja-wages-war-against-kidney-disease

Bruce Hinson was headed for Kidney Dialysis or Transplantation. His lab results continued to deteriorate over many years and ... Impressive Kidney Disease Recovery "This is actually a HUGE decline for me as it hadnt moved downward in 2.5 years!". ... A client of mine sent the following email to me detailing some of his recent lab results related to the kidney disease he has ... The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is the measurement used to determine kidney function, the rate at which kidneys filter ...

https://www.emofree.com/es/answers/results/impressive-kidney-disease-recovery.html

... cardiovascular disease (CVD) was recognized as a major cause of death in chi ... Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease. Mitsnefes, Mark M.. Author Information Division of Nephrology ... Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease : Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. ... Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease Journal of the American Society of Nephrology23(4):578-585, ...

https://journals.lww.com/jasn/Abstract/2012/04000/Cardiovascular_Disease_in_Children_with_Chronic.6.aspx

Zhou Y, Castonguay P, Sidhom E-H, et al. A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease ... Christov M, Clark AR, Corbin B, et al. Inducible podocyte-specific deletion of CTCF drives progressive kidney disease and bone ... A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models. ... Inducible podocyte-specific deletion of CTCF drives progressive kidney disease and bone abnormalities. ...

https://www.broadinstitute.org/publications-list/1421

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney disease. The best way to prevent diabetes is by instilling a pattern of healthy ... health and exchange ideas on how to help our kidneys stay healthy and how to live with the various forms of kidney disease, for ... and kidney disease. The Easter Bunny cant help but approve of that! ... Why Kidney Health is Important. Ways to Make Water Taste Better. Creative Ways to Hide Vegetables. Related Articles. Editors ...

https://www.bellaonline.com/article.asp?id=302617

Sometimes I have blood in my urine so they did a complete kidney test and GFR came back at 69. Creatinine level was normal ... So I have been having a lot of kidney infections lately. ... You should be evaluated to the real cause of kidney disease ... You are reading content posted in the Kidney Disease & Disorders Community Ask a question ... So I have been having a lot of kidney infections lately. Sometimes I have blood in my urine so they did a complete kidney test ...

https://medhelp.org/posts/Kidney-Disease-Disorders/GFR-of-69/show/3050414

BUN was a little high 30, been this way a while,all other kidney functions fine creatinine level 1.17 gfr 65. I ... ... You are reading content posted in the Kidney Disease & Disorders Community Ask a question ... Is your kidney disease progressing? That would be my main question. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/metabolic-acidosis This ... I think with kidney function, low Co2 indicates an underlying issue. One thing this can indicate is metabolic acidosis (build ...

https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Kidney-Disease-Disorders/low-carbon-dioxide-level/show/3069373

The Terms of Use for this website constitute a contract, binding on all users of this Website. If you do NOT want to be bound by these Terms of Use, you must not access or use this Website. ® Copyright 1992-2021, Castle Connolly. Castle Connolly®, Castle Connolly Top Doctors®, Americas Top Doctors®, and The Best in American Medicine© among some of the federally registered trademarks of Castle Connolly, and may not be used by third parties without explicit ...

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Screening for intracranial aneurysm in 355 patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. (medscape.com)
Liver Involvement in Early Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. (medscape.com)
90% of people with PKD have autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), or adult PKD. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
NEW YORK ─ Bio-Techne and Regulus Therapeutics on Wednesday announced a collaboration to support biomarker assay development and biomarker analysis for the clinical development of Regulus' RGLS4326, an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) treatment. (genomeweb.com)

Polycystic kidney disease. (medscape.com)
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis: summary statement of a first National Institutes of Health/Office of Rare Diseases conference. (medscape.com)
mTOR is out of control in polycystic kidney disease. (medscape.com)
The mTOR pathway is regulated by polycystin-1, and its inhibition reverses renal cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease. (medscape.com)
Polycystic kidney disease and cancer after renal transplantation. (medscape.com)
Volume progression in polycystic kidney disease. (medscape.com)
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: the clinical experience in North America. (medscape.com)
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic condition in which multiple fluid-filled sacs or cysts develop throughout the kidneys. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
The remaining 10% have autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), which affects infants and children. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
The most reliable way to diagnose polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is by an ultrasound of the kidneys - the images allow the doctors to see the cysts, and more specifically, their size and how numerous they are. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
Polycystic kidney disease is a life-long condition, but it shouldn't define your life. (uwhealth.org)
Get the care you need from the specialists at the UW Health Polycystic Kidney Disease Clinic. (uwhealth.org)
Polycystic kidney disease, which starts at birth, causes cysts (fluid-filled sacs) to grow on the kidneys. (uwhealth.org)
Polycystic kidney disease looks different for everyone. (uwhealth.org)
At the UW Health Polycystic Kidney Disease Clinic, our specialists can develop personalized treatment plans to meet your needs. (uwhealth.org)
Most people with polycystic kidney disease don't experience symptoms until early adulthood, usually by the time they are 30 or 40 years old. (uwhealth.org)
About half of people with polycystic kidney disease show signs before they are 50 years old. (uwhealth.org)
While there is no cure for polycystic kidney disease, you can take steps to manage it and slow disease progression. (uwhealth.org)
At the UW Health Polycystic Kidney Disease Clinic, we'll give you the tools you need to manage your kidney health through individualized treatment plans. (uwhealth.org)
If left untreated, polycystic kidney disease can cause kidney failure, which means the kidneys cannot perform their usual functions, such as cleaning waste and toxins from the blood. (uwhealth.org)
By 60 years old, most people with polycystic kidney disease start dialysis. (uwhealth.org)
The UW Health Polycystic Kidney Disease Clinic in Madison provides personalized care for polycystic kidney disease. (uwhealth.org)
Patients with ADPKD have been reported to have low levels of PC1 and PC2, the proteins encoded by the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, due to a mutation in polycystic kidney disease genes. (genomeweb.com)
CKD can be caused by conditions such as polycystic kidney disease or kidney stones, but in senior pets, it is commonly the result of an age-related decline in kidney function. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
Chlamydomonas IFT88 and its mouse homologue, polycystic kidney disease gene tg737, are required for assembly of cilia and flagella. (nature.com)
A study of genetic linkage heterogeneity in adult polycystic kidney disease. (ox.ac.uk)
The mutation for adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) has previously been localised to chromosome 16 by the demonstration of genetic linkage with the loci for the alpha-chain of haemoglobin and phosphoglycolate phosphatase. (ox.ac.uk)

If your kidneys fail , you will need dialysis or a kidney transplant . (medlineplus.gov)
Whether these 5 patients were infected by kidney graft was impossible to determine because kidney transplant tissue samples were unavailable for analysis. (cdc.gov)
Basically, patients with a reading of 15 or less have lost almost all ability to function and will need dialysis or a kidney transplant to live. (emofree.com)
It is especially important that people with chronic kidney disease at any stage and those who are treated with dialysis or kidney transplant understand that they are at increased risk of severe illness from both COVID-19 and the flu," said Dr. Joseph Vassalotti, Chief Medical Officer at NKF. (cdc.gov)
The CDC states that people with kidney disease at any stage and kidney transplant recipients should only receive a flu vaccine by injection rather than the nasal spray flu vaccine. (cdc.gov)
It is estimated that approximately 5% of patients requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant have PKD. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
By the age of 75, 50% to 75% of people with PKD will need either dialysis or a kidney transplant. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
If this happens, you may need dialysis or a kidney transplant. (kidneyfund.org)
Having diabetes is the most common reason for needing dialysis or a kidney transplant. (baycare.org)
Persons with diabetes make up the fastest growing group of kidney dialysis and transplant recipients in the United States. (cdc.gov)
People who later experience kidney failure may live well for decades with a kidney transplant or dialysis. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
Your only choices are either to prevent them before you arrive at the point at which you will need dialysis, or worse, kidney transplant. (kidney-cookbook.com)
This program is aimed for you to avoid transplant and dialysis by safeguarding you from adding further damage to your kidneys. (kidney-cookbook.com)
This includes all causes and stages of kidney disease, people on dialysis, and those with a kidney transplant. (kidney.org)

Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a focused update of the KDIGO 2020 guideline on the topic. (bvsalud.org)

What Are the Symptoms of Kidney Disease? (webmd.com)
Children with chronic kidney failure may not have any symptoms until about 80% of their kidney function is lost. (kidshealth.org)
Because urinary tract infections frequently have the same symptoms as kidney disease, cats are often misdiagnosed. (vetinfo.com)
Learn about chronic kidney disease, its symptoms, causes and how you can prevent or manage chronic kidney disease. (kidneyfund.org)
In the early stages of kidney disease you may not have any signs or symptoms. (kidneyfund.org)
Most symptoms do not appear until the disease is well advanced. (bayer.com)
Kidney failure (renal disease symptoms such as increased thirst, dehydration, loss of appetite, urination changes, maybe nausea and pain) is common in elderly pets - systems do fail as we get older, whoever we are. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
If you have CKD your doctor should regularly test your urine and blood to find out if there is any kidney damage, how serious the condition is, whether it is getting worse and what treatments you might need to manage your symptoms. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Polydipsia and nocturia (secondary to a reduced capacity to concentrate the urine) may be some of the earliest symptoms that suggest CKD in an otherwise healthy-looking child who has tubulointerstitial kidney disease . (medscape.com)
Many people do not experience symptoms of kidney disease until the later stages of CKD. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
Because most symptoms of CKD do not show up until the later stages, many people do not receive a stage 2 kidney disease diagnosis unless they are being monitored due to a family history or because they have other health conditions. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
The Kidney Disease Solution is an all-in-one three-phase program designed to help people reverse kidney damage and enhance their kidney function while soothing the pain from the symptoms. (kidney-cookbook.com)
Phase 2 contains how to care for your cause, while Phase 3 will cover treatment protocols for symptoms and other diseases. (kidney-cookbook.com)
It's important to note, that if any of these symptoms are present, then the disease has been in progress for some time and 75% of the kidneys are already irreversibly damaged. (kennesawvet.com)
by the time symptoms begin to show, 75% of the kidneys are already irreversibly damaged. (kennesawvet.com)

Previous studies have identified a variety of health conditions associated with an increased risk of COVID-related hospitalization, including diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. (eurekalert.org)
Indeed, as a 2014 study in The Journal of Pediatrics showed, six months after high nephrotoxic medication exposure-associated acute kidney injury in hospitalized children, 70 percent of patients had evidence of residual kidney damage, such as proteinuria and hypertension. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In today's world, communicable diseases have paved the way for non-communicable ailments, like chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases as leading cause of death. (medindia.net)
There was a predominance of systemic arterial hypertension (86.2%) as the underlying disease. (bvsalud.org)
Correction to: Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease. (bvsalud.org)
After 20 years of follow-up, Black CARDIA participants (compared with Whites) have 2-fold higher rates of hypertension, 4-fold higher rates of kidney dysfunction, and 10-fold higher rates of heart failure, making this cohort ideal for exploring factors that place Blacks at particular risk for these processes. (ucsf.edu)

Bruce Hinson was headed for Kidney Dialysis or Transplantation. (emofree.com)
Slowing the progression of CKD, avoiding long-term dialysis and, if possible, conducting preemptive transplantation may represent the best strategies to decrease the risk of premature cardiac disease and death in children with CKD. (lww.com)
It may be needed until a kidney transplantation is ready. (epnet.com)
People with kidney failure undergo either dialysis, which substitutes for some of the filtering functions of the kidneys, or transplantation to receive a healthy donor kidney. (kidneyurology.org)
The propensity for more rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end stage renal disease (ESRD) in adults of African ancestry, and disparities in access to kidney transplantation and allograft longevity have been well documented for decades. (childrensnational.org)

Updated ) Osteoporosis drugs including oral bisphosphonates show efficacy and safety in the treatment of bone loss in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in several observational studies. (medscape.com)
is that oral bisphosphonates seem to be safe and effective, at least in terms of bone-density improvement, in patients with chronic kidney disease," coauthor Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, MD, an associate professor at the University of Oxford, in the United Kingdom, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
Anemia tends to develop in about 12% of patients with Chronic Kidney disease (CKD). (uclahealth.org)

One of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in non-critically ill children in the hospital is exposure to nephrotoxic medications, yet these young patients are not being routinely screened for kidney damage, notes pediatric nephrologist Jeffrey Fadrowski of the Johns Hopkins Children's Center. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
That's better for children currently hospitalized because acute kidney injury is associated with longer hospital stays and worse outcomes," says Fadrowski. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We assessed the risks of bleeding, acute kidney injury (AKI), and kidney failure associated with the prescription of antithrombotic agents (oral anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents) in patients with moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). (nih.gov)
Cat renal disease in its acute stages can be treated by a few days on an IV, but you should otherwise avoid unnecessary treatment. (vetinfo.com)
In contrast, inflammation is probably a major driver of hepcidin induction in those who develop an acute kidney as a result of ANCA-associated vasculitis or a crescentic glomerulonephritis. (bl.uk)
Kidney failure can be acute (occurring over a period of hours or days) or chronic (occurring over a period of weeks to months or longer). (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
Antifreeze toxicosis is an example of a condition that can cause acute kidney failure. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
If diagnosed quickly and treated aggressively, acute kidney failure can be reversed in some cases, and the pet can go on to live a normal life. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
A new article published in the Journal of Toxicologic Pathology reported results of recent studies which suggest an altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the kidneys during the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. (emedinexus.com)
The purpose of this guideline is to help healthcare professionals prevent, detect and manage acute kidney injury in adults in hospital with known or suspected COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)

Patients face a greater risk of getting certain diseases and developing severe complications. (cdc.gov)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most frequent complications arising from diabetes and is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. (bayer.com)
Kidney failure is one of the most life-threatening complications of diabetes, and almost half of patients who receive dialysis treatments need them because their kidneys have become damaged from diabetes. (medindia.net)
The word 'chronic' doesn't necessarily mean 'serious' and the word 'disease' includes any abnormality of kidney structure or function, whether or not it is likely to cause a person to feel unwell or to develop complications. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Combining your ACR ratio with your eGFR can help doctors try to predict whether your kidney disease is likely to progress and whether you are more likely to develop complications such as heart and circulatory problems. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Continued efforts to raise awareness in earlier stages of CKD can prevent progression to later stages, including end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and can reduce related complications and early death associated with CKD. (cdc.gov)

The team analyzed the records for association between specific clinical conditions, including kidney, cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic conditions, and COVID-19 hospitalization. (eurekalert.org)
Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Chronic Kidney Disea. (lww.com)
More than a decade ago, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was recognized as a major cause of death in children with advanced CKD. (lww.com)
This observation has sparked the publication of multiple studies assessing cardiovascular risk, mechanisms of disease, and early markers of CVD in this population. (lww.com)
A similar elevation in risk was observed for deaths from cardiovascular disease. (lifeextension.com)
The data presented in this analysis confirm that the current thresholds are indicative of increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk with both kidney filtration function and urine protein contributing to risk. (lifeextension.com)
Published in Cardiovascular Research, the findings - based on big data and a unique kidney tissue resource funded by Kidney Research UK - suggest that tackling obesity could have a powerful impact on kidney health. (manchester.ac.uk)
Recent trials with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes, while focused primarily on cardiovascular outcomes, have shown beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease, beyond their effects on hyperglycemia. (medpagetoday.com)
Overall data are sufficient to show that in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease, GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors may slow the progression of kidney disease, besides their mitigating effects on cardiovascular mortality. (medpagetoday.com)
For a general paradigm shift, however, some caveats must be addressed: a) trials with primary kidney outcome are needed, b) GLP-1 agonists have to be shown to slow down GFR decline and c) cardiovascular/renal benefits may not be extrapolated from patients at high cardiovascular/renal disease risk to the general type 2 diabetes population. (medpagetoday.com)
Magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of disease : early roots of cardiovascular, skeletal, and renal abnormalities / Mildred S. Seelig. (who.int)
The fact of the matter is, however, red meat has been shown to be one of the unhealthiest kinds of foods to eat if you have chronic kidney disease , as well as many other health conditions like high blood pressure, cardiovascular issues, diabetes, certain cancers and more. (healthykidneyinc.com)
60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and more rapid progression to end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease. (ucsf.edu)
We propose to combine repeated measurements of cystatin C, a marker of kidney function, with longitudinal data on risk factor and cardiovascular disease development in the NHLBI-funded Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. (ucsf.edu)
CARDIA offers a cohort of 5115 young adults with similar numbers of Blacks and Whites and of men and women, who at baseline were aged 18-30 and free of cardiovascular disease. (ucsf.edu)
3) determine the association between declining kidney function and subsequent cardiovascular disease, hypothesizing that cystatin C will be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than creatinine-based estimates of kidney function. (ucsf.edu)
The results of this epidemiologic study will provide important insights into the timing of CKD development in young to middle-aged people and the relative importance of various risk factors in kidney function decline and cardiovascular risk. (ucsf.edu)

The information should not be used for either diagnosis or treatment or both for any health related problem or disease. (medindia.net)
For Older Adults, Questioning a Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease accurately describes a problem which has not received the attention from the medical community that it should have. (medicine-opera.com)
A handbook of kidney nomenclature and nosology : criteria for diagnosis, including laboratory procedures / prepared by the International Committee for Nomenclature and Nosology of Renal Disease. (who.int)
To help you understand what is going on in your own body, they include topics such as kidney diseases, their causes, as well as diagnosis processes. (kidney-cookbook.com)
Diagnosis of kidney disease may require a combination of several tests. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
The first step in diagnosis is physically examining the kidneys through touch to detect an irregular size and shape of the kidneys, evidence of pain, and possible firm stones in the urinary pathway. (kennesawvet.com)
Treatment is based on the severity of the disease, therefore, once testing and diagnosis are complete our doctors will customize a treatment plan based on how your pet feels, the severity, and the possibility of other medical conditions that may be a factor. (kennesawvet.com)
For many, diagnosis may come seven to 10 years after the onset of the disease. (coastalcourier.com)

For patients who meet the exposure criteria, the NINJA team recommends a daily check of their creatinine level, the most easily obtained measure of kidney function. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
what does it mean when having normal size kidney with high creatinine level? (medhelp.org)
BUN was a little high 30, been this way a while,all other kidney functions fine creatinine level 1.17 gfr 65. (medhelp.org)
Creatinine is one such waste, and a blood test for creatinine can be used to estimate the decline in kidney filtration. (kidneyurology.org)
A meta-analysis conducted by the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium published on May 18, 2010 in The Lancet concluded that elevations in urinary albumin and albumin to creatinine ratio, which indicate kidney damage, as well as a reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of the kidneys predict an increased risk of death from all causes over 2.1 to 11.6 years of follow-up. (lifeextension.com)
Additionally, an increase in albumin, a protein that is elevated in the urine when the kidneys are damaged, and a greater ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (a product of creatine breakdown) were associated with significantly increased all-cause mortality risk. (lifeextension.com)
The risk of mortality was elevated by nearly 50 percent at 30 mg/gram albumin to creatinine ratio, which is the threshold for defining chronic kidney disease. (lifeextension.com)
Once any sign of disease is detected (such as an increase in creatinine), it is imperative that immediate steps be taken to halt its progress, as kidney function can decline precipitously and may be irreversible. (lifeextension.com)
Proteinuria, albuminuria, and serum creatinine level are widely used as surrogate end point measures of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). (ajkd.org)
Renal disease progression (doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, or death from renal disease), however, was not statistically significant attenuated (LEADER). (medpagetoday.com)
Kidney disease is measured and categorised using a blood test which gauges the eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and a urine test which shows the ACR (urine albumin:creatinine ratio). (kidneyresearchuk.org)
The main function of the kidneys is to clear water-soluble waste products (such as creatinine) from the blood. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Nova Max Creatinine/eGFR is an important new tool to improve kidney care through detection of kidney disease early enough to successfully treat the disease. (novabiomedical.com)
6 The Nova creatinine eGFR meter was used to evaluate patients that were asymptomatic for CKD but were either on potentially nephrotoxic medications or at risk for chronic kidney disease. (novabiomedical.com)
Perhaps half or more of elderly patients in whom a blood creatinine is measured will be told they have Stage 3 kidney damage, and be scared half to death, when there is nothing wrong with them other than the weight of their years. (medicine-opera.com)
Doctors may test your blood to see the levels of creatinine-a waste product-in your blood to see if kidneys are filtering the blood properly. (aging.com)
Prior studies in this area have been limited by the use of creatinine-based measures of kidney function that may mask early kidney disease (declines in kidney function at GFR e 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) and by the absence of longitudinal data on cohorts with adequate numbers of Black participants and no prevalent disease at baseline. (ucsf.edu)
Cystatin C may offer advantages over creatinine-based estimates of kidney function for detecting early declines in function. (ucsf.edu)
Kidney function was estimated using serum creatinine and Cockcroft-Gault formula. (nyu.edu)

This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes. (medlineplus.gov)
Chronic kidney disease includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to keep you healthy by filtering wastes from your blood. (lww.com)
If kidney disease worsens, wastes can build to high levels in your blood and make you feel sick. (lww.com)
CKD is when your kidneys are damaged and lose their ability to filter wastes and fluids out of your blood. (kidneyfund.org)
Your doctor will do tests and exams to find out how well your kidneys still work to filter wastes and fluid from your blood. (kidneyfund.org)
Each year in the United States, more than 100,000 people are diagnosed with kidney failure, a serious condition in which the kidneys fail to rid the body of wastes. (kidneyurology.org)
When chronic kidney disease reaches an advanced stage, harmful levels of fluid and wastes can build up in the body. (bayer.com)
Ironically, most dogs in kidney failure are actually producing large quantities of urine, but the body's wastes are not being effectively eliminated. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)

Your doctor can do blood and urine tests to check if you have kidney disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Sometimes I have blood in my urine so they did a complete kidney test and GFR came back at 69. (medhelp.org)
Over several years, people who are developing kidney disease will have small amounts of the blood protein albumin begin to leak into their urine. (kidneyurology.org)
As the disease progresses, more albumin leaks into the urine. (kidneyurology.org)
The investigators measured several dozens of inflammation markers in the blood and urine of more than a thousand patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and then monitored the patients' kidney health for more than a decade. (medindia.net)
Presumably, the term " chronic renal failure " suggests that the kidneys have quit working and are, therefore, not making urine. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
This definition can occasionally create confusion because some will equate kidney failure with failure to make urine. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
Kidney failure is NOT the inability to make urine. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
18 years have reduced kidney function and/or albumin in the urine, 75 but only 10% are aware of this. (racgp.org.au)
People with diabetes should have their kidney function measured at least once a year with blood and urine tests. (baycare.org)
This chart shows the stages of kidney disease and outlines how disease is likely to progress if kidney function reduces and urine protein levels increase. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Despite how the term may sound, kidney failure does not mean that the kidneys stop producing urine. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
In fact, because the kidneys can no longer concentrate urine, increased urine production is often one of the key clinical signs associated with kidney failure. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
Urine production does not stop completely until kidney failure has progressed to the very end stage, which is fatal. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)

Chronic kidney disease, also known as chronic renal disease or CKD, is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. (lww.com)
is that these drugs work in people with impaired kidney function," he told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
When using them we should monitor kidney function to ensure we're not causing AKI, which can lead to chronic kidney disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is the measurement used to determine kidney function, the rate at which kidneys filter blood. (emofree.com)
I think with kidney function, low Co2 indicates an underlying issue. (medhelp.org)
How Is Kidney Function Measured? (davita.com)
Learn how your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) serves as an indicator of kidney function. (davita.com)
These cysts vary in size and number, and may affect the ability of the kidneys to function. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
These cysts cause the kidney to enlarge and function less effectively over a lifetime. (uwhealth.org)
In some people, the filtering function of the kidneys is actually higher than normal in the first few years of their diabetes. (kidneyurology.org)
What is the function of the Kidneys? (uclahealth.org)
CKD is characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months to years. (bayer.com)
The findings also go beyond prediction and suggest that targeting TNF receptors may be an effective way to prevent or slow kidney function decline. (medindia.net)
Using data from around 300,000 participants in the UK Biobank - one of the world's largest biomedical databases and previous genome-wide association studies - the scientific team extracted information on the two most common measures of obesity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and different measures of kidney function. (manchester.ac.uk)
However, through a technique called Mendelian Randomisation - which groups people according to a genetic code randomly assigned at birth and removes any bias - they found that increasing values of genetically predicted BMI and WC were causally associated with the measures of kidney function. (manchester.ac.uk)
There are various stages of CKD, ranging from mild loss of kidney function to complete kidney failure, but not all CKD conditions progress to the most serious stage. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Because the average normal eGFR is 100, the eGFR can be seen as a percentage of normal kidney function. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Nova Max is a fast, accurate and easy to use meter and biosensor for kidney function testing. (novabiomedical.com)
We have known for more than half a century that kidney function declines with age. (medicine-opera.com)
The best way to quantify kidney function is by measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). (medicine-opera.com)
We correct for body surface area to account for the difference in kidney function due to differences in size. (medicine-opera.com)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible deterioration of renal function that gradually progresses to end-stage renal disease. (medscape.com)
Stage 2 kidney disease means you have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60-89 with mild loss of kidney function. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
Your estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measures how well your kidneys function and determines your stage of kidney disease. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
People with stage 2 kidney disease are still considered to have only mild loss of kidney function. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
In the study, which monitored kidney function in 63,257 adults from Singapore, red meat consumption was directly connected with an astounding 40% increased risk of developing end-stage renal disease. (healthykidneyinc.com)
Background: AL amyloidosis is a disease that causes significant end-organ damage via deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils, which cause disruption of normal tissue architecture and function. (ucl.ac.uk)
Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate the relationship between kidney function and vascular outcomes. (nyu.edu)

Renal cystic disease: new insights for the clinician. (medscape.com)
Renal cystic diseases: diverse phenotypes converge on the cilium/centrosome complex. (medscape.com)
Unilateral renal cystic disease. (medscape.com)
Renal cystic diseases. (medscape.com)
Choyke PL. Acquired cystic kidney disease. (medscape.com)
The clinical hallmarks are occipital meningoencephalocele, cystic kidney dysplasia, fibrotic changes of the liver and polydactyly. (nature.com)
In addition HUB generated models for other diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). The company has also introduced adult stem cell-derived kidney organoids, and continues to investigate the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer using organoids generated from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (corning.com)

Type 1 diabetes is more likely to lead to kidney failure. (kidneyurology.org)
Twenty to 40 percent of people with type 1 diabetes develop kidney failure by the age of 50. (kidneyurology.org)

October 22, 2018 ) -The American Society of Nephrology (ASN) will honor five leaders in the fight against kidney diseases during the society's annual meeting, ASN Kidney Week 2018, held October 23-28 at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego, CA. (newswise.com)
Marva Moxey-Mims, M.D., discusses disparate patterns in children with kidney disease, biologic and non-biologic risk factors as well as potential medical interventions during this 2018 World Kidney Day Grand Rounds session. (childrensnational.org)

This study focuses on the prevalence and identification of kidney disease among WTC Health Program patients and assessment of kidney disease in a multi-factorial manner. (cdc.gov)
Lastly, we would explore potential mechanisms and phenotypes of kidney disease in WTC Health program participants. (cdc.gov)
Under a new law signed August 6, 2012, Veterans and families on active duty and living near Camp Lejeune, North Carolina for more than 30 days between 1957-1987 may be eligible for medical care through the VA for Renal (kidney) Toxicity or other health conditions due to potential exposure to contaminated drinking water. (va.gov)
An analysis of Geisinger's electronic health records has revealed chronic kidney disease to be the leading risk factor for hospitalization from COVID-19. (eurekalert.org)
What is significant here is the magnitude of the kidney disease-related risk," said Alex Chang, M.D., Geisinger nephrologist and co-director of Geisinger's Kidney Health Research Institute. (eurekalert.org)
Join us to discuss kidney health and exchange ideas on how to help our kidneys stay healthy and how to live with the various forms of kidney disease, for those affected. (bellaonline.com)
Determine which stage of kidney disease you're in by calculating a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and start managing your health. (davita.com)
Join the 200,000+ people now educated on kidney health. (davita.com)
Learn to manage your kidney health. (davita.com)
Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing. (epnet.com)
Life Extension® has long emphasized the need for vigilance through regular testing (at least once a year) to monitor kidney health. (lifeextension.com)
Fortunately, many Life Extension® members are already taking a variety of nutrients that support kidney health. (lifeextension.com)
Kidney disease is a global public health issue, with over 2.5 million related deaths as of 2017. (nationofchange.org)
The new study on rising temperatures and kidney disease also shows that heat stress could lead to serious, ongoing and costly health issues for many people. (nationofchange.org)
Dental disease is more extensive in adults with chronic kidney disease, but whether dental health and behaviors are associated with survival in the setting of hemodialysis is unknown. (ajkd.org)
Chronic kidney disease affects more than 10 per cent of adults worldwide and is predicted to become a global threat to public health. (manchester.ac.uk)
Our evidence substantiates the value of weight loss as a strategy of preventing or reversing a decline in kidney health, as well as decreasing the risk of renal disease. (manchester.ac.uk)
So, we hope our findings will help to stimulate further research and drive the development of public health policies to improve kidney health and prevent kidney disease through encouraging weight loss. (manchester.ac.uk)
Through the analysis of one of the largest collection of the human kidney samples, we have uncovered the specific renal pathways associated with body mass index/waist circumference - they are the most likely biological connections between obesity and kidney health and disease. (manchester.ac.uk)
The Manchester team's findings demonstrate the need to promote healthy lifestyles in order to improve kidney health. (manchester.ac.uk)
Five leaders in the kidney health community are being honored by the American Society of Nephrology (ASN), the world's largest organization of kidney disease specialists. (newswise.com)
The award winners will be honored at ASN Kidney Week, the world's premier nephrology meeting, where more than 13,000 kidney health professionals from around the world will gather in San Diego, CA from October 23-28. (newswise.com)
We've had very little to prevent and treat diabetic kidney disease," said Ian de Boer, MD, of the University of Washington School of Public Health in Seattle. (medpagetoday.com)
Diabetes is strongly associated with albuminuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to a recent cross-sectional stud y of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which also found that 24% of chronic kidney disease in the U.S. is attributable to diabetes. (medpagetoday.com)
Kidney Disease Surveillance is a comprehensive information system for kidney disease to inform and stimulate public health action. (cdc.gov)
However, people with CKD and people at risk for CKD can take steps to protect their kidneys with the help of their health care providers. (cdc.gov)
Conducted by Bo Wen, a PhD candidate, and other researchers from Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, as well as scientists from the University of São Paulo, the study is the first to assess the relative risk and rate of hospitalizations due to temperature-related renal diseases in almost 80% of the country's population using a dataset from the Brazilian Unified Health System ( Sistema Único de Saúde , SUS). (medscape.com)
They also showed family negligence, need of reviewing the parental configurations and public health policies' regarding chronic kidney disease patients, together with special education including home activities. (bvsalud.org)
We can conclude chronic kidney disease patients need high-quality health service and special attention, so they can achieve social acceptance and reduce problems in their development. (bvsalud.org)
May be reduced chronic kidney disease teenagers' health requires reception by family, school and professional team who can provide these cares. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic kidney disease has emerged as a serious public health problem. (medscape.com)
At chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2, it's important to continue monitoring your health and make lifestyle changes that can help you slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and keep your kidneys working longer. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
Know your GFR -ask for a blood test to calculate your estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), so you can monitor your kidney health. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
Treat underlying health conditions -talk to your doctor about health conditions that can contribute to kidney disease such as high blood pressure and diabetes. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
While there is no cure for kidney disease and kidney damage can't be reversed, taking steps now to closely monitor your health and live a healthier lifestyle can slow the progression of CKD. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
Learn how to look after your kidney health and thrive-in a class that fits your life. (freseniuskidneycare.com)
To achieve the best health for your kidneys, they will make sure that you'll receive information throughout the program. (kidney-cookbook.com)
In conclusion, this study just backs up previous research into the overall negative effects of red meat consumption on kidney health and encourages those carnivorous kidney disease sufferers out there to really try their hardest to find a protein substitute that they will be able to enjoy instead, even poultry and fish options would be better than red meat. (healthykidneyinc.com)
Bearing this in mind when dining out or when making your grocery shopping list for meal planning can make a big difference in your kidney health over time. (healthykidneyinc.com)
Chronic kidney disease in the United States places a high burden upon society and health systems. (nephu.org)
Given its uneven distribution across populations and that the disease is largely preventable, chronic kidney disease is an important focus for population health. (nephu.org)
Drs Mary Reich Cooper, Tara McKinley, and Joseph Cirrincione will discuss population health with a focus on chronic kidney disease. (nephu.org)
It should also be noted that dental health is also key to preventing kidney disease. (kennesawvet.com)
The "take home" here…annual visits, adequate clean water, good dental health, and a balanced diet (no snacks from the table) are your best steps to prevent kidney disease in your pet. (kennesawvet.com)
People can share health information and answer survey questions about their kidney disease and lifestyle. (kidney.org)
Offering in-depth coverage of all areas of health and disease, Human Diseases and Conditions, 3rd ed. offers current and accurate information on approximately 450 diseases and conditions. (credoreference.com)
There were even many health care providers who subscribed to the belief that children follow their parents when it come to chronic disease, but never bothered to ask, 'why? (coastalcourier.com)

Parents of kids who are diagnosed with a chronic kidney disease have many questions about what might happen next, how their child might feel, and what treatments are likely to be involved. (kidshealth.org)
Read on to learn about treatments for kidney disease and what parents can do to help. (kidshealth.org)
Fluid therapy is one of the most commonly administered treatments for feline renal diseases. (vetinfo.com)
Kidney failure requires specific treatments. (uwhealth.org)
Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, and calcium levels are surrogate outcomes that are central to the evaluation of drug treatments in chronic kidney disease (CKD). (ajkd.org)
You do not have to go through extreme procedures and treatments because you're being proactive or already have kidney disease. (kidney-cookbook.com)
Our chronic kidney disease clinic offers screenings, patient education and treatments to help delay the progression of kidney damage. (columbianephrology.com)
By joining, you can be part of creating better treatments and help us work toward a cure for kidney disease. (kidney.org)
We want you to be a part of a group of people who share a vision: a future with better treatments, earlier detection and, ultimately, a cure for kidney disease. (kidney.org)
Your participation will help answer questions about kidney disease and help improve treatments. (kidney.org)

These favorable trends lead to an increased prevalence of advanced kidney disease. (medpagetoday.com)
While it is known that these abnormalities are a risk factor for urolithiasis, the prevalence of stone disease after bariatric surgery is unknown. (urotoday.com)
According to the University of California, San Francisco , the prevalence of ESRD is increasing at a rate of 5 percent per year, meaning that more than one million people will be in dire need of kidney treatment by the year 2027. (aging.com)
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as according to skeletal muscle index (SMI) quartiles. (aging-us.com)
ABSTRACT The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy as a cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Egypt has been examined in small cross-sectional studies, with conflicting results. (who.int)

Successful completion of the research would address a critical knowledge gap regarding risk of kidney damage among this group, and would inform future mechanistic studies with the potential to impact prevention. (cdc.gov)
PKD cysts may eventually cause kidney damage if they become very large and numerous. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
CKD breaks down into stages based on the amount of damage to your kidneys and how well they still work. (kidneyfund.org)
If your doctor has told you that you have CKD, there is a lot you can do to learn about your condition, take charge of your medical care and slow the damage to your kidneys. (kidneyfund.org)
Watching what you eat and drink is one of the best ways to slow down the damage to your kidneys and feel your best. (kidneyfund.org)
As kidney damage develops, blood pressure often rises as well. (kidneyurology.org)
Overall, kidney damage rarely occurs in the first 10 years of diabetes, and usually 15 to 25 years will pass before kidney failure occurs. (kidneyurology.org)
Diabetic nephropathy refers to kidney damage due very high levels of blood sugar levels in diabetics. (medindia.net)
And you can slow or prevent kidney damage. (baycare.org)
This is an important sign of kidney damage. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
One of the leading causes of kidney failure, high blood pressure can damage nerve endings and blood vessels within the kidney that can stop it from working properly, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (aging.com)
Kidney disease is a very general term used to describe several conditions that can affect the kidneys or damage kidney cells. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
wellness visits and bloodwork are the best ways to catch kidney disease before any damage occurs. (kennesawvet.com)

In the meantime, oral bisphosphonates continue to be contraindicated in patients with severe chronic kidney failure. (medscape.com)
The findings] are surprising given that bisphosphonates are contraindicated in patients with severe kidney disease," Dr Prieto-Alhambra said. (medscape.com)
In kids with more severe kidney failure, reducing the intake of dairy products and other protein-rich foods (such as meat, fish, or eggs) can make the filtering work of the kidneys easier and can sometimes delay the need for dialysis. (kidshealth.org)
But catching it early, Fadrowski notes, can make it less severe, which is better for kidneys in the long term. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Those with kidney disease or with a weakened immune system are at an increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19 as well as the flu. (cdc.gov)
Most people with diabetes do not develop nephropathy that is severe enough to cause kidney failure. (kidneyurology.org)
Kidney disease might mean compromised, overworked kidneys - or it might mean damaged kidneys (i.e., severe, chronic kidney failure). (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)

Want a copy of the stages of kidney disease chart? (kidneyresearchuk.org)
This is the preferred method for estimation of glomerular filtration rate because of better accuracy at detecting early stages of kidney disease. (novabiomedical.com)

Learning about mechanisms that regulate blood levels of TNF receptors and the way that high levels of these receptors cause kidney injury will accelerate the search for new therapeutic targets against kidney disease in individuals with diabetes and possibly in those without diabetes," said Dr. Krolewski. (medindia.net)

Calcium and phosphate metabolism in chronic kidney disease. (ccjm.org)

The reason for his decline in GFR is aging not disease. (medicine-opera.com)

Guidelines preferentially recommend noncalcium phosphate binders in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (ajkd.org)
SSSS is most common in infants and children, but it can develop in adults with chronic kidney disease or a weakened immune system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The purpose of this guideline is to maximise the safety of adults with chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)

The anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be in part due to relative erythropoietin deficiency, and we also now know that excess hepcidin is one of the reasons that dietary iron is less well absorbed in these patients, necessitating the administration of intravenous iron. (bl.uk)
Clinical signs associated with chronic kidney disease include increased drinking and urination, weight loss, and appetite loss. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)

A recent study from 2021 links extreme heat events to heart disease and related death. (nationofchange.org)
December 9, 2021 // Editor's note: This story has been updated to clarify that this study shows an association between climate change and kidney disease, but not that climate change causes such disease. (medscape.com)

This study describes clinicians' perspectives on shared decision making in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identifies opportunities to improve shared decision making and care for children with CKD and their families. (ajkd.org)
The current and future shortage of pediatric nephrologists necessitates steady, rejuvenated information on the Aristolean kidney for primary care clinicians as they care for the child and adolescent with renal and genitourinary dilemmas and disorders. (novapublishers.com)

Kidney failure is the final stage of kidney disease, also known as nephropathy. (kidneyurology.org)

Join the NKF Patient Network, a research study for people with kidney disease. (kidney.org)

abstract = "Background and Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD), race-ethnicity, and vascular outcomes. (nyu.edu)

Urinary tract infections (UTI) and kidney stones are common among people with PKD. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
About 20% to 30% of people with PKD develop kidney stones. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
After the informed consent process, the subject will be asked to complete the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Index (WISQOL), an externally validated and internally consistent questionnaire designed specifically for kidney stones patients. (centerwatch.com)

The most common clinical signs of kidney failure are vomiting, increased urination and increased thirst. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)

Ultrasound progression of prenatally detected multicystic dysplastic kidney. (medscape.com)

Chronic Kidney Disease is a longterm complication due to obstructive nephropathy secondary to the neurogenic bladder. (pulsus.com)
Even when diabetes is controlled, the disease can lead to nephropathy and kidney failure. (kidneyurology.org)
African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanics/Latinos develop diabetes, nephropathy, and kidney failure at rates higher than Caucasions. (kidneyurology.org)
Unlike other forms of nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease does not appear to have a strong, singular genetic component. (medpagetoday.com)

Cases were classified into three categories: glomerular diseases, renal tubulo-interstitial diseases, and kidney failure. (medscape.com)
Renal disease : classification and atlas of glomerular diseases / Jacob Churg, in collaboration with L. H. Sobin and pathologists and nephrologists in 14 countries. (who.int)

This study presents three cases of Ralstonia bacteraemia among chronic kidney disease patients in a haemodialysis unit in Baguio City, the Philippines. (who.int)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) encourage everyone, especially kidney patients, to get a flu vaccine before the end of October . (cdc.gov)
Diabetes remains one of the primary risk factors for chronic kidney disease in the U.S.," said Ann Albright, PhD, RDN, director of the Division of Diabetes Translation at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

Instilling healthy habits early on is the best way to help your child avoid long term conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. (bellaonline.com)
A surgical procedure where surgeons replace a damaged kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor. (uwhealth.org)
When people develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) , their kidneys become damaged and over time may not clean the blood as well as healthy kidneys. (cdc.gov)
Disclaimer: The entire contents of this website are based upon the opinions of Healthy Kidney Inc. and Robert Galarowicz, unless otherwise noted. (healthykidneyinc.com)

Fluid therapy is administered for three purposes during treatment for renal disease. (vetinfo.com)
IV fluid is a form of diuresis, which flushes fluid through the kidneys in order to balance electrolytes and prevent uremia by removing toxins like urea from the blood. (vetinfo.com)
IV fluid is not for everyday usage, however, because it overworks the already damaged kidneys. (vetinfo.com)
Fluid therapy can be difficult for a cat's system, when it is already overtaxed by disease. (vetinfo.com)
The kidneys filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood. (bayer.com)
If kidneys do not work well, toxic waste and extra fluid accumulate in the body and may lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and early death. (cdc.gov)
Kidneys draw the waste out the blood and help keep fluid and electrolyte levels regulated, pushing all the bad material out through urination. (aging.com)
The kidneys absorb a large amount of fluid throughout the day, especially during periods of dehydration. (medscape.com)

What are the first signs of kidney problems? (kidneyfund.org)
For people who live with diabetes for more than 25 years without any signs of kidney failure, the risk of ever developing it decreases. (kidneyurology.org)
The results could help warn the diabetics years before they show outward signs of kidney problems. (medindia.net)
The earliest signs of kidney disease often include increased thirst and urination, but this may be overlooked in cats that drink secretly or share a water dish. (kennesawvet.com)
bloodwork can also indicate if other organs are functioning at normal capacity, as it is important to note that hyperthyroid can mimic or mask signs of kidney disease. (kennesawvet.com)

The stages trickle down with varying levels of filtration until stage 5- end-stage renal disease (ESRD) -where your kidneys absolutely need help filtering blood on their own. (aging.com)
It's predicted that about 14 percent of the population is at some level of chronic kidney disease, and 650,000 Americans are in the final stage-ESRD-of the disease. (aging.com)
Not only are the numbers of people with ESRD increasing, the likelihood of someone developing the disease is highly skewed based on race. (aging.com)
The Kidney Fund also reports that, while women are more likely to be at some stage of chronic kidney disease, men are 50 percent more likely for their CKD to develop into ESRD than women. (aging.com)

Injectable medicines are available for treatment of anemia and growth failure in some kids with chronic kidney disease. (kidshealth.org)
Erythropoetin can increase the red blood cell count, which often improves energy and activity levels in kids with kidney failure. (kidshealth.org)
We used cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for bleeding (identified through hospitalizations), AKI, and kidney failure. (nih.gov)
Over a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up period of 3.0 (IQR, 2.8-3.1) years, 152 patients experienced a bleeding event, 414 patients experienced an episode of AKI, and 270 experienced kidney failure. (nih.gov)
Kidney failure was not associated with the prescription of oral antithrombotics of any type. (nih.gov)
PKD is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure in North America. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)
When your kidneys stop working completely, this is called kidney failure (Stage 5 CKD). (kidneyfund.org)
Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure, accounting for nearly 45 percent of new cases. (kidneyurology.org)
About 18 million people in the United States have diabetes, and more than 150,000 people are living with kidney failure as a result of diabetes. (kidneyurology.org)
Most U.S. citizens who develop kidney failure are eligible for federally funded care. (kidneyurology.org)
In 2003, care for patients with kidney failure cost the Nation more than $27 billion. (kidneyurology.org)
They have found that high blood pressure and high levels of blood glucose increase the risk that a person with diabetes will progress to kidney failure. (kidneyurology.org)
Some develop kidney failure before the age of 30. (kidneyurology.org)
CKD in Type 2 Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure worldwide. (bayer.com)
Levels of certain blood proteins might reveal kidney failure risk in people with diabetes, according to two studies. (medindia.net)
Veterinarians have many theories about why so many cats and dogs today suffer from chronic kidney disease and renal failure. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
However, by definition, kidney failure is the inability of the kidneys to remove waste products from the blood. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
Long-term skin irritation and eruption often seem to precede eventual kidney failure in old age. (shirleys-wellness-cafe.com)
African Americans, American Indians, and Hispanics and Latinos have diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure at rates higher than whites. (baycare.org)
The problem is that we're over diagnosing kidney disease in elderly patients because of a combination of measurements and extrapolations biased against old age mixed with a failure to account for the effect of normal aging on a normal kidney. (medicine-opera.com)
Multifaceted interventions aimed at numerous risk factors may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality and the risk of progression to end-stage kidney failure in patients with CKD. (medscape.com)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure (RF) have been recognized as significant medical problems for most of the last 2 centuries and, until relatively recently, were uniformly fatal. (medscape.com)
Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) show that incidence of kidney failure is rising among adults and is commonly associated with poor outcomes and high cost. (medscape.com)
Each person experiences kidney disease differently, and many people diagnosed in the early stages never have kidney failure . (freseniuskidneycare.com)
If kidney disease progresses, it can eventually lead to kidney failure and death. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
Kidney failure describes a condition in which the kidneys cannot effectively eliminate waste products, maintain hydration, and help regulate the balance of electrolytes in the blood. (glencoeanimalhospital.com)
You're four times more likely to develop kidney failure if you're African American compared to other populations. (medlineplus.gov)
Renal disease is found in between 50 and 80% of sufferers and is often both progressive and irreversible, ultimately leading to end-stage renal failure and death. (ucl.ac.uk)
In 1995, approximately 27,900 people initiated treatment for end-stage renal disease (kidney failure) because of diabetes. (coastalcourier.com)

Inducible podocyte-specific deletion of CTCF drives progressive kidney disease and bone abnormalities. (broadinstitute.org)

Available at: https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/chronic-kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease. (epnet.com)
First author, Dr Xiaoguang Xu from The University of Manchester, said: "Obesity and kidney disease are common complex disorders with an increasing clinical and economic impact on healthcare around the globe. (manchester.ac.uk)
As noted by some of the ancient scholars, the kidney does not exist in isolation, but is involved in other aspects of the body - thus, we include chapters on the kidney in cardiac and other disorders. (novapublishers.com)
Behavioral aspects of chronic disease, including renal disorders, are also considered because of the importance that renal (and chronic) disease has on the child and adolescent. (novapublishers.com)

Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can harm blood vessels and kidneys. (baycare.org)

Diabetic kidney disease takes many years to develop. (kidneyurology.org)
Diabetic kidney disease accounts for >40% of newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease cases worldwide. (medpagetoday.com)
These can effectively slow the progression of established diabetic kidney disease, but cannot prevent it. (medpagetoday.com)
Empagliflozin (SGLT2 inhibitor) added to standard therapy had significant and marked attenuating effects on diabetic kidney disease progression (EMPAR), and similar results have been shown for canagliflozin (CANVAS), albeit associated with a higher risk of fractures prompting FDA warning. (medpagetoday.com)
Greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the premature loss of podocytes in diabetic kidney disease holds the key to developing specific therapeutic strategies. (medpagetoday.com)
Two newer classes of glucose-lowering drugs may change the future of diabetic kidney disease. (medpagetoday.com)
The fact that newer agents to control diabetes appear to show long-term protection of the kidney is very exciting and provides great hope for reducing the epidemic of diabetic kidney disease in the coming years," added Barry Freedman, MD, of Wake Forest School of Medicine in Winston-Salem and co-author of the Endocrine Society Scientific Statement on diabetic microvascular disease. (medpagetoday.com)
The apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene accounts for up to 40% of non-diabetic kidney disease in African American populations, for example, but no similar variant has been found in patients with diabetes. (medpagetoday.com)
In 25 years of studying genetics and diabetic kidney disease, it's become apparent that there are likely multiple gene variants of small effect," said Freedman. (medpagetoday.com)
In this review, we discuss the pathogenic role of PPAR-Y in experimental models of kidney disease, clinical trials of thiazolidinediones in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease, recent safety concerns surrounding PPAR-Y agonists and reflect on their potential use in 'orphan' kidney diseases. (whiterose.ac.uk)

The first aim is to correlate kidney dysfunction with 9/11 exposure. (cdc.gov)
Case reports and mini review: Post gynecological surgery bladder dysfunction leading to chronic kidney disease. (pulsus.com)

March is designated National Kidney Month to raise awareness about the prevention and early detection of kidney disease. (cdc.gov)

Veterans can download the Kidney Conditions (Nephrology) Disability Benefits Questionnaire (DBQ) to assist in the disability evaluation process. (va.gov)
A lot of what makes red meat such a danger for chronic kidney disease sufferers involves its high protein content, but a recent study in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology established the direct link between the accelerated progression of kidney disease and consuming red meat regularly. (healthykidneyinc.com)

Unfortunately, physicians don't have an accurate, non-invasive way to determine which diabetes patients are most likely to develop kidney problems. (medindia.net)

A smart person with parents who have a chronic disease should read up on that disease, note the risk factors and create lifestyle habits that eliminate those risk factors. (coastalcourier.com)

MicroRNAs associated with the development of kidney diseases in humans and animals. (emedinexus.com)

These studies were carried out, however, on only nine families so that the possibility remained that mutations at other genetic loci might produce the disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Such genetic heterogeneity of linkage would invalidate the general use of chromosome 16 markers for the purposes of detection of the disease, and complicate the characterisation of APKD at the molecular level. (ox.ac.uk)

Bone loss and resulting fractures are highly common in CKD, presenting a clinical challenge in terms of pharmacological treatment, particularly with oral bisphosphonates, which are eliminated through the kidneys and therefore are of concern in the setting of renal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide has been first-line treatment for inducing disease remission in lupus nephritis. (ajkd.org)
Study subjects will be selected from a patient pool where PCNL or mini-PCNL would be considered equally viable alternative Standard of Care procedures for treatment of kidney stone disease, with neither procedure presenting any benefit over the other. (centerwatch.com)
It's a treatment that helps filter your blood for you when your kidneys can't. (aging.com)
Objective: To assess oral manifestations and use of dental care assistance by individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in hemodialysis treatment. (bvsalud.org)
NIDDK Director Dr. Griffin P. Rodgers is a prominent researcher in the treatment of sickle cell disease. (medlineplus.gov)
treatment diabetic neuropathy neuropathic pain, which is a major cause of the disease. (dublin-gasboilers.ie)

Anatomy22

Organisms10

Diseases72

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment56

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science7

Named Groups5

Health Care39

Geographicals4

Methoxyflurane nephropathy. (1/7998)

Perinatal nephropathies. (2/7998)

Renal function tests: what do they mean? A review of renal anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology. (3/7998)

Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor gene in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CAKUT, of mice and men. (4/7998)

The inhibition of myeloperoxidase by ceruloplasmin can be reversed by anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies. (5/7998)

Expression of bcl-2 and bax in glomerular disease. (6/7998)

Effect of fasting on temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (7/7998)

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor (AT1) antagonists: either or both for primary renal disease? (8/7998)

Kidney Diseases

Polycystic Kidney Diseases

Kidney

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Kidney Failure, Chronic

Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant

Glomerular Filtration Rate

TRPP Cation Channels

Kidney Transplantation

Kidney Diseases, Cystic

Kidney Function Tests

Kidney Tubules

Chronic Disease

Creatinine

Acute Kidney Injury

Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive

Proteinuria

Kidney Cortex

Renal Dialysis

Nephrology

Kidney Glomerulus

Diabetic Nephropathies

Albuminuria

Disease Progression

Risk Factors

Kidney Tubules, Proximal

Kidney Neoplasms

Biological Markers

Kidney Medulla

Cystatin C

Hematinics

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U.S.)

Kidney Calculi

Cardiovascular Diseases

Nephrectomy

Cysts

Anemia

Kidney Tubules, Collecting

Prevalence

Uromodulin

Hypertension

Time Factors

Hypertension, Renal

Podocytes

Cilia

Renal Insufficiency

Severity of Illness Index

Cohort Studies

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Renal Osteodystrophy

Disease Models, Animal

Renal Replacement Therapy

Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary

Risk Assessment

Cross-Sectional Studies

Treatment Outcome

Hyperphosphatemia

Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Parathyroid Hormone

Prospective Studies

Follow-Up Studies

Nephrons

Retrospective Studies

Uremia

Phosphorus

Calcinosis

Blood Pressure

Renin-Angiotensin System

Nephritis

Nephrosclerosis

Ureteral Obstruction

Nephritis, Interstitial

Erythropoietin

United States

Prognosis

Antihypertensive Agents

Kidney Concentrating Ability

Phosphates

Vascular Calcification