Kidd blood group system. Medical search

A group of antigens consisting principally of Jk(a) and Jk(b), determined by allelic genes. Amorphs are encountered. Antibodies of these substances are usually weak and quite labile, stimulated by erythrocytes.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Erythrocyte isoantigens of the Rh (Rhesus) blood group system, the most complex of all human blood groups. The major antigen Rh or D is the most common cause of erythroblastosis fetalis.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

Multiple erythrocytic antigens that comprise at least three pairs of alternates and amorphs, determined by one complex gene or possibly several genes at closely linked loci. The system is important in transfusion reactions. Its expression involves the X-chromosome.

A system of universal human blood group isoantigens with many associated subgroups. The M and N traits are codominant and the S and s traits are probably very closely linked alleles, including the U antigen. This system is most frequently used in paternity studies.

Testing erythrocytes to determine presence or absence of blood-group antigens, testing of serum to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to these antigens, and selecting biocompatible blood by crossmatching samples from the donor against samples from the recipient. Crossmatching is performed prior to transfusion.

A blood group related to the ABO, Lewis and I systems. At least five different erythrocyte antigens are possible, some very rare, others almost universal. Multiple alleles are involved in this blood group.

A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the ABO blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype Le(b) is the result of the interaction of the Le gene Le(a) with the genes for the ABO blood groups.

The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglycopeptides and is composed of 60% carbohydrate including sialic acid and 40% protein. It is involved in a number of different biological activities including the binding of MN blood groups, influenza viruses, kidney bean phytohemagglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin.

A blood group consisting mainly of the antigens Fy(a) and Fy(b), determined by allelic genes, the frequency of which varies profoundly in different human groups; amorphic genes are common.

A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).

At physiological expression levels the Kidd blood group/urea transporter protein is not a water channel. (1/22)

The Kidd (JK) blood group locus encodes a urea transporter that is expressed on human red cells and on endothelial cells of the vasa recta in the kidney. Here, we report the identification in human erythroblasts of a novel cDNA, designated HUT11A, which encodes a protein identical to the previously reported erythroid HUT11 urea transporter, except for a Lys(44) --> Glu substitution and a Val-Gly dipeptide deletion after proline 227, which leads to a polypeptide of 389 residues versus 391 in HUT11. Genomic typing by polymerase chain reaction and transcript analysis by ribonuclease protection assay demonstrated that HUT11A encodes the true Kidd blood group/urea transporter protein, which carries only 2 Val-Gly motifs. Upon expression at high levels in Xenopus oocytes, the physiological Kidd/urea transporter HUT11A conferred a rapid transfer of urea (which was insensitive to p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate or phloretin), a high water permeability, and a selective uptake of small solutes including amides and diols, but not glycerol and meso-erythritol. However, at plasma membrane expression levels close to the level observed in the red cell membrane, HUT11A-mediated water transport and small solutes uptake were absent and the urea transport was poorly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, but strongly inhibited by phloretin. These findings show that, at physiological expression levels, the HUT11A transporter confers urea permeability but not water permeability, and that the observed water permeability is a feature of the red cell urea transporter when expressed at unphysiological high levels. (+info)

Molecular heterogeneity of the Jk(null) phenotype: expression analysis of the Jk(S291P) mutation found in Finns. (2/22)

Polymerase chain reaction genotyping of 32 unrelated Jk(null) individuals originating predominantly from Polynesia and Finland indicated that all were homozygous for the JK*B polymorphism and that 17 of 32, including the 14 Polynesians, carried a 3'-acceptor splice site mutation of intron 5 that resulted in the skipping of exon 6 (called mutation Jk delta 6). The remaining 15 Jk(null) donors from Finland were homozygous for a new T871C transition resulting in a S291P amino acid substitution at a consensus N-glycosylation site of the Jk polypeptide. Transcription-translation assays revealed that the Jk(S291P) mutant was translated into a glycosylated component as efficiently as the wild-type Jk polypeptide (wt Jk)] in the presence of microsomes, thus indicating that the S291P mutation has no effect on the N-glycosylation pattern of the Jk protein. Expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the Jk(S291P) polypeptide functions as a urea transporter, but the transport activity and the membrane expression level of the mutant protein was reduced to a similar extent. A substantial fraction of the mutant protein was retained intracellularly suggesting that the transit to the plasma membrane was reduced, presumably because of the S-->P mutation. After transfection in erythroleukemia K562 cells the wild-type, but not the mutant, protein was efficiently expressed at the cell surface. Because the Jk(S291P) mutant polypeptide was not present in human red cells from Jk(null) individuals, expression data in the erythroid context clearly indicates that the S-->P mutation is the molecular basis of the Finnish Jk(null) phenotype. (Blood. 2000;96:1566-1573) (+info)

Partial deletion in the JK locus causing a Jk(null) phenotype. (3/22)

A new alteration of the blood group JK*A allele was identified in a Jk(null) patient from Tunisia with an allo-anti-Jk3 in her serum. Southern blot and exon mapping analyses revealed an internal deletion within the Kidd (JK) locus encompassing exons 4 and 5. Sequence analysis of the Jk transcript showed that exons 4 and 5 were missing but were replaced by a 136-base-pair (bp) intron 3 sequence located 315 bp and 179 bp upstream from exon 4. This sequence is flanked by typical donor-acceptor cryptic splice sites used in the mutant but not in the normal JK gene. Because the translation initiation codon is located in exon 4, the Jk protein is not produced. (+info)

Antigenic and functional properties of the human red blood cell urea transporter hUT-B1. (4/22)

The Kidd (JK) blood group locus encodes the urea transporter hUT-B1, which is expressed on human red blood cells and other tissues. The common JK*A/JK*B blood group polymorphism is caused by a single nucleotide transition G838A changing Asp-280 to Asn-280 on the polypeptide, and transfection of erythroleukemic K562 cells with hUT-B1 cDNAs carrying either the G838 or the A838 nucleotide substitutions resulted in the isolation of stable clones that expressed the Jk(a) or Jk(b) antigens, respectively, thus providing the first direct demonstration that the hUT-B1 gene encodes the Kidd blood group antigens. In addition, immunochemical analysis of red blood cells demonstrated that hUT-B1 also exhibits ABO determinants attached to the single N-linked sugar chain at Asn-211. Moreover, immunoadsorption studies, using inside-out and right-side-out red cell membrane vesicles as competing antigen, demonstrated that the C- and N-terminal ends of hUT-B1 are oriented intracellularly. Mutagenesis and functional studies by expression in Xenopus oocytes revealed that both cysteines Cys-25 and Cys-30 (but not alone) are essential for plasma membrane addressing. Conversely, the transport function was not affected by the JK*A/JK*B polymorphism, C-terminal deletion (residues 360-389), or mutation of the extracellular N-glycosylation consensus site and remains poorly para-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (pCMBS)-sensitive. However, transport studies by stopped flow light scattering using Jk-K562 transfectants demonstrated that the hUT-B1-mediated urea transport is pCMBS-sensitive in an erythroid context, as reported previously for the transporter of human red blood cells. Mutagenesis analysis also indicated that Cys-151 and Cys-236, at least alone, are not involved in pCMBS inhibition. Altogether, these antigenic, topologic, and functional properties might have implications into the physiology of hUT-B1 and other members of the urea transporter family. (+info)

Urinary concentrating ability in patients with Jk(a-b-) blood type who lack carrier-mediated urea transport. (5/22)

Water homeostasis is regulated in large part by the proper operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. In the renal inner medulla, urea recycling from the inner medullary collecting duct to the inner medullary interstitium is thought to be essential for the production of a concentrated urine; however, it has not been possible to test this hypothesis in humans. Recently, a unique combination of genetic abnormalities has been described: absence of Kidd blood group antigens and absence of carrier-mediated urea transport in erythrocytes. Because animal studies indicate a similarity between urea transport in red blood cells and the nephron, it was postulated that patients without the Kidd antigen might lack facilitated urea transport in their kidneys. Hence, their ability to concentrate urine maximally was measured. Current models of nephron function would predict that in the complete absence of urea transport, the maximal concentrating ability would be around 800 to 900 mosM/kg H2O. Two homozygous patients had a moderate decrease in maximal concentrating ability (UosM,max = 819 mosM/kg H2O); a heterozygote also had some limitation. These studies raise the possibility that the erythrocyte urea transporter and the kidney urea transporter are encoded by a single gene (detected by the mutational loss of the Kidd antigen) and that a lack of facilitated urea transport impairs urea recycling in the kidney and, hence, maximal urinary concentrating ability. (+info)

Identification and characterization of a Kidd antigen/UT-B urea transporter expressed in human colon. (6/22)

We have identified a urea transporter from the mucosa of the human colon that has characteristics consistent with a Kidd antigen/UT-B urea transporter. This intestinal urea transporter encodes a 389-amino acid peptide with a sequence identical to that previously reported for the UT-B urea transporter in erythrocytes. Expression of a UT-B 2-kb mRNA transcript and of approximately 50- and approximately 98-kDa UT-B proteins is detected in human colonic mucosa by Northern and Western blot analysis. The UT-B protein is localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of the superficial intestinal epithelium and in the epithelial cells in the crypts. A 2-kb UT-B mRNA transcript and the UT-B protein were also identified in the intestinal cell line Caco-2. The transepithelial flux of (14)C urea was examined in Caco-2 cells growing on porous membrane support and was significantly inhibited by phloretin, 1,3-dimethylurea, and thiourea, suggesting that the transfer of urea across the Caco-2 monolayer could be mediated, at least in part, by the UT-B urea transporter. We conclude that the Kidd antigen/UT-B urea transporter is physiologically expressed in the human colon epithelium, where it could participate in the transport of urea across the colon mucosa. (+info)

Acute transplant rejection induced by blood transfusion reaction to the Kidd blood group system. (7/22)

Many renal transplant centres now try to avoid blood transfusion prior to renal transplantation, to avoid alloimmunization due to antibody production against donor antigens usually present on contaminating white cells. Post- or peri-operative transfusions are usually not considered to present problems, since the patient is heavily immunosuppressed. We present a patient who suffered a rare transfusion reaction, that we believe may have initiated a severe vascular rejection of a kidney transplant, probably mediated by Kidd blood group antigens. (+info)

Association of blood groups with essential and secondary hypertension. A possible association of the MNS system. (8/22)

Persons participating in a 5-day diagnostic protocol were routinely typed for ABO, Rh, MNS, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, P, Haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM-1), and acid phosphatase (AcP). The study population was composed of 164 normotensive whites, 34 normotensive blacks, 161 whites and 43 blacks with essential hypertension, and 52 whites with secondary forms of hypertension (18 atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives, 17 patients with fibromuscular disease, and 17 patients with primary aldosteronism). There were no significant differences in phenotype frequencies in ABO, Rh, Kidd, Kell, Duffy, P, Haptoglobin, PGM-1 or AcP in any of the comparisons. However, there was a significantly different distribution of MNS phenotypes in comparisons of essential and atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives with normotensive controls. Essential hypertensives had a lower frequency of the S gene and a higher frequency of s in whites (X2 = 12.21, p less than 0.005). Atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives differed from the normotensive population in the frequencies of both MN (X 2 = 4.34, p less than 0.05) and Ss (X2 = 4.21, p less than 0.05). The finding of disease-blood group associations supports the hypothesis that there may be significant physiological differences between individuals of different blood types. (+info)

The Kidd blood group system is one of the human blood group systems, which is based on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). This system is named after Dr. Aepfelbacher Karl Landsteiner Kidd, who discovered it in 1951.

The Kidd system includes two primary antigens, Jka and Jkb, which are located on a protein called the Kidd antigen. The gene that encodes this protein is found on chromosome 18 and has multiple alleles, resulting in four possible genotypes and three different phenotypes:

* Jk(a+b-): Individuals with this phenotype have both Jka and Jkb antigens on their RBCs.
* Jk(a-b+): Individuals with this phenotype lack the Jka antigen but have the Jkb antigen on their RBCs.
* Jk(a-b-): Individuals with this phenotype lack both Jka and Jkb antigens on their RBCs.

The Kidd blood group system is clinically significant because individuals who are Jka or Jkb negative can develop antibodies against these antigens, which can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn if they receive blood products or have a fetus with compatible antigens.

It is important to note that the Kidd blood group system is not as well-known or widely tested as other blood group systems, such as ABO and Rh, but it can still be relevant in certain clinical situations.

Blood group antigens are molecular markers found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and sometimes other types of cells in the body. These antigens are proteins, carbohydrates, or glycoproteins that can stimulate an immune response when foreign antigens are introduced into the body.

There are several different blood group systems, but the most well-known is the ABO system, which includes A, B, AB, and O blood groups. The antigens in this system are called ABO antigens. Individuals with type A blood have A antigens on their RBCs, those with type B blood have B antigens, those with type AB blood have both A and B antigens, and those with type O blood have neither A nor B antigens.

Another important blood group system is the Rh system, which includes the D antigen. Individuals who have this antigen are considered Rh-positive, while those who do not have it are considered Rh-negative.

Blood group antigens can cause complications during blood transfusions and pregnancy if there is a mismatch between the donor's or fetus's antigens and the recipient's antibodies. For example, if a person with type A blood receives type B blood, their anti-B antibodies will attack the foreign B antigens on the donated RBCs, causing a potentially life-threatening transfusion reaction. Similarly, if an Rh-negative woman becomes pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus, her immune system may produce anti-D antibodies that can cross the placenta and attack the fetal RBCs, leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn.

It is important for medical professionals to determine a patient's blood group before performing a transfusion or pregnancy-related procedures to avoid these complications.

The Rh-Hr blood group system is a complex system of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), which is separate from the more well-known ABO blood group system. The term "Rh" refers to the Rhesus monkey, as these antigens were first discovered in rhesus macaques.

The Rh system consists of several antigens, but the most important ones are the D antigen (also known as the Rh factor) and the hr/Hr antigens. The D antigen is the one that determines whether a person's blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative. If the D antigen is present, the blood is Rh-positive; if it is absent, the blood is Rh-negative.

The hr/Hr antigens are less well known but can still cause problems in blood transfusions and pregnancy. The Hr antigen is relatively rare, found in only about 1% of the population, while the hr antigen is more common.

When a person with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood (for example, through a transfusion or during pregnancy), their immune system may produce antibodies against the D antigen. This can cause problems if they later receive a transfusion with Rh-positive blood or if they become pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus.

The Rh-Hr blood group system is important in blood transfusions and obstetrics, as it can help ensure that patients receive compatible blood and prevent complications during pregnancy.

The ABO blood-group system is a classification system used in blood transfusion medicine to determine the compatibility of donated blood with a recipient's blood. It is based on the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), as well as the corresponding antibodies present in the plasma.

There are four main blood types in the ABO system:

1. Type A: These individuals have A antigens on their RBCs and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
2. Type B: They have B antigens on their RBCs and anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
3. Type AB: They have both A and B antigens on their RBCs but no natural antibodies against either A or B antigens.
4. Type O: They do not have any A or B antigens on their RBCs, but they have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

Transfusing blood from a donor with incompatible ABO antigens can lead to an immune response, causing the destruction of donated RBCs and potentially life-threatening complications such as acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Therefore, it is crucial to match the ABO blood type between donors and recipients before performing a blood transfusion.

The Kell blood-group system is one of the human blood group systems, which is a set of red blood cell antigens (proteins or carbohydrates) found on the surface of red blood cells. The Kell system consists of more than 30 antigens, but the two most important ones are K and k.

The Kell antigen is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that if an individual inherits one Kell antigen from either parent, they will express the Kell antigen on their red blood cells. The k antigen is a weaker form of the Kell antigen and is also inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

Individuals who are Kell positive (K+) can produce antibodies against the Kell antigen if they are exposed to it through blood transfusion or pregnancy. These antibodies can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies with a Kell-negative (K-) fetus.

Therefore, it is important to determine the Kell status of both donors and recipients in blood transfusions and pregnant women to prevent complications.

The MNSs blood group system is one of the human blood group systems, which is a classification of blood types based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). This system is named after the first two letters of the surnames of the discoverers, Landsteiner and Levine, and the "s" stands for "slight."

The MNSs system includes three main antigens: M, N, and S. The M and N antigens are found on nearly all individuals, except for those who are genetically predisposed to lack both M and N antigens (M+N- or M-N-). These individuals have the "null" phenotype, also known as the "Ms" phenotype.

The S antigen is present in about 80% of people, while the s antigen is found in approximately 20% of people. The presence or absence of these antigens determines an individual's MNSs blood type. There are eight main MNSs blood types: M, N, MN, MS, NS, M+m, N+s, and M+N+S+s+.

The clinical significance of the MNSs system is relatively low compared to other blood group systems like ABO and Rh. However, it can still play a role in transfusion medicine, as antibodies against MNSs antigens may cause hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in rare cases. Therefore, it is essential to consider the MNSs blood group when performing pretransfusion testing and during pregnancy to ensure compatible blood products and prevent complications.

Blood grouping, also known as blood typing, is the process of determining a person's ABO and Rh (Rhesus) blood type. The ABO blood group system includes four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O, based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The Rh blood group system is another important classification system that determines whether the Rh factor (a protein also found on the surface of red blood cells) is present or absent.

Knowing a person's blood type is crucial in transfusion medicine to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood. If a patient receives an incompatible blood type, it can trigger an immune response leading to serious complications such as hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), kidney failure, or even death.

Crossmatching is a laboratory test performed before a blood transfusion to determine the compatibility between the donor's and recipient's blood. It involves mixing a small sample of the donor's red blood cells with the recipient's serum (the liquid portion of the blood containing antibodies) and observing for any agglutination (clumping) or hemolysis. If there is no reaction, the blood is considered compatible, and the transfusion can proceed.

In summary, blood grouping and crossmatching are essential tests in transfusion medicine to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood and prevent adverse reactions that could harm the patient's health.

The P blood group system is one of the rarest blood group systems in humans, with only a few antigens discovered so far. The main antigens in this system are P1 and P, which can be either present or absent on red blood cells (RBCs). The presence or absence of these antigens determines an individual's P blood group type.

The P1 antigen is a carbohydrate structure found on the surface of RBCs in individuals with the P1 phenotype, while those with the p phenotype lack this antigen. The P antigen is a protein found on the surface of RBCs in both P1 and p individuals.

Individuals with the P1 phenotype can develop antibodies against the P antigen if they are exposed to RBCs that lack the P1 antigen, such as those from a person with the p phenotype. Similarly, individuals with the p phenotype can develop antibodies against the P1 antigen if they are exposed to RBCs that have the P1 antigen.

Transfusion reactions can occur if an individual receives blood from a donor with a different P blood group type, leading to the destruction of RBCs and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, it is essential to determine an individual's P blood group type before transfusing blood or performing other medical procedures that involve RBCs.

Overall, the P blood group system is a complex and relatively rare system that requires careful consideration in medical settings to ensure safe and effective treatment.

The Lewis blood-group system is one of the human blood group systems, which is based on the presence or absence of two antigens: Lea and Leb. These antigens are carbohydrate structures that can be found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) as well as other cells and in various body fluids.

The Lewis system is unique because its antigens are not normally present at birth, but instead develop during early childhood or later in life due to the action of certain enzymes in the digestive tract. The production of Lea and Leb antigens depends on the activity of two genes, FUT3 (also known as Lewis gene) and FUT2 (also known as Secretor gene).

There are four main phenotypes or blood types in the Lewis system:

1. Le(a+b-): This is the most common phenotype, where individuals have both Lea and Leb antigens on their RBCs.
2. Le(a-b+): In this phenotype, individuals lack the Lea antigen but have the Leb antigen on their RBCs.
3. Le(a-b-): This is a rare phenotype where neither Lea nor Leb antigens are present on the RBCs.
4. Le(a+b+): In this phenotype, individuals have both Lea and Leb antigens on their RBCs due to the simultaneous expression of FUT3 and FUT2 genes.

The Lewis blood-group system is not typically associated with transfusion reactions or hemolytic diseases, unlike other blood group systems such as ABO and Rh. However, the presence or absence of Lewis antigens can still have implications for certain medical conditions and tests, including:

* Infectious diseases: Some bacteria and viruses can use the Lewis antigens as receptors to attach to and infect host cells. For example, Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, binds to Lea antigens in the stomach.
* Autoimmune disorders: In some cases, autoantibodies against Lewis antigens have been found in patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
* Pregnancy: The Lewis antigens can be expressed on the surface of placental cells, and changes in their expression have been linked to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
* Blood typing: Although not a primary factor in blood transfusion compatibility, the Lewis blood-group system is still considered when determining the best match for patients who require frequent transfusions or organ transplants.

Glycophorin is a type of protein found on the surface of red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes. These proteins are heavily glycosylated, meaning they have many carbohydrate chains attached to them. Glycophorins play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and flexibility of the red blood cell membrane, and they also help to mediate interactions between the red blood cells and other cells or molecules in the body.

There are several different types of glycophorin proteins, including glycophorin A, B, C, and D. Glycophorin A is the most abundant type and is often used as a marker for identifying the ABO blood group. Mutations in the genes that encode glycophorin proteins can lead to various blood disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis and hemolytic anemia.

The Duffy blood group system is a system of identifying blood types based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The antigens in this system are proteins called Duffy antigens, which are receptors for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax.

There are two major Duffy antigens, Fya and Fyb, and individuals can be either positive or negative for each of these antigens. This means that there are four main Duffy blood types: Fy(a+b-), Fy(a-b+), Fy(a+b+), and Fy(a-b-).

The Duffy blood group system is important in blood transfusions to prevent a potentially dangerous immune response known as a transfusion reaction. If a person receives blood that contains antigens that their body recognizes as foreign, their immune system may attack the transfused red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, and in severe cases, kidney failure or even death.

Additionally, the Duffy blood group system has been found to be associated with susceptibility to certain diseases. For example, individuals who are negative for both Fya and Fyb antigens (Fy(a-b-)) are resistant to infection by Plasmodium vivax, one of the malarial parasites that causes malaria in humans. This is because the Duffy antigens serve as receptors for the parasite to enter and infect red blood cells.

Erythroblastosis, fetal is a medical condition that occurs in the fetus or newborn when there is an incompatibility between the fetal and maternal blood types, specifically related to the Rh factor or ABO blood group system. This incompatibility leads to the destruction of the fetal red blood cells by the mother's immune system, resulting in the release of bilirubin, which can cause jaundice, anemia, and other complications.

In cases where the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive, the mother may develop antibodies against the Rh factor during pregnancy or after delivery, leading to hemolysis (breakdown) of the fetal red blood cells in subsequent pregnancies if preventive measures are not taken. This is known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Similarly, incompatibility between the ABO blood groups can also lead to HDN, although it is generally less severe than Rh incompatibility. In this case, the mother's immune system produces antibodies against the fetal red blood cells, leading to their destruction and subsequent complications.

Fetal erythroblastosis is a serious condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Treatment options include intrauterine transfusions, phototherapy, and exchange transfusions in severe cases. Preventive measures such as Rh immune globulin (RhIG) injections can help prevent the development of antibodies in Rh-negative mothers, reducing the risk of HDN in subsequent pregnancies.

An antigen is a substance (usually a protein) that is recognized as foreign by the immune system and stimulates an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies or activation of T-cells. Antigens can be derived from various sources, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and tumor cells. They can also come from non-living substances such as pollen, dust mites, or chemicals.

Antigens contain epitopes, which are specific regions on the antigen molecule that are recognized by the immune system. The immune system's response to an antigen depends on several factors, including the type of antigen, its size, and its location in the body.

In general, antigens can be classified into two main categories:

1. T-dependent antigens: These require the help of T-cells to stimulate an immune response. They are typically larger, more complex molecules that contain multiple epitopes capable of binding to both MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T-cell receptors on CD4+ T-cells.
2. T-independent antigens: These do not require the help of T-cells to stimulate an immune response. They are usually smaller, simpler molecules that contain repetitive epitopes capable of cross-linking B-cell receptors and activating them directly.

Understanding antigens and their properties is crucial for developing vaccines, diagnostic tests, and immunotherapies.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Bacterial antigens are substances found on the surface or produced by bacteria that can stimulate an immune response in a host organism. These antigens can be proteins, polysaccharides, teichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides, or other molecules that are recognized as foreign by the host's immune system.

When a bacterial antigen is encountered by the host's immune system, it triggers a series of responses aimed at eliminating the bacteria and preventing infection. The host's immune system recognizes the antigen as foreign through the use of specialized receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are found on various immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils.

Once a bacterial antigen is recognized by the host's immune system, it can stimulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune response involves the activation of inflammatory pathways, the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection, and the production of antimicrobial peptides.

The adaptive immune response, on the other hand, involves the activation of T cells and B cells, which are specific to the bacterial antigen. These cells can recognize and remember the antigen, allowing for a more rapid and effective response upon subsequent exposures.

Bacterial antigens are important in the development of vaccines, as they can be used to stimulate an immune response without causing disease. By identifying specific bacterial antigens that are associated with virulence or pathogenicity, researchers can develop vaccines that target these antigens and provide protection against infection.

Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia that occurs when red blood cells are destroyed (hemolysis) faster than they can be produced. Red blood cells are essential for carrying oxygen throughout the body. When they are destroyed, hemoglobin and other cellular components are released into the bloodstream, which can lead to complications such as kidney damage and gallstones.

Hemolytic anemia can be inherited or acquired. Inherited forms of the condition may result from genetic defects that affect the structure or function of red blood cells. Acquired forms of hemolytic anemia can be caused by various factors, including infections, medications, autoimmune disorders, and certain medical conditions such as cancer or blood disorders.

Symptoms of hemolytic anemia may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and a rapid heartbeat. Treatment for hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, blood transfusions, or surgery.

The antibody screening test performed in a clinical laboratory and/or blood bank is designed to detect the presence of unexpected antibodies, especially alloantibodies in the serum to antigens of the non-ABO blood group system: Duffy, Kell, Kidd, MNS, P, and certain Rh types that are considered clinically significant. (medscape.com)
As a result the recipients have a mixture of blood that makes blood group detection difficult, expecially of the blood groups Kell, Kidd, Duffy and MNS. (inno-train.de)
Beside the standard RBC-Ready Gene MNS and RBC-Ready Gene KKD test systems we offer the RBC-Ready Gene KELplus kit for detection of further Kell alleles, as well as the RBC-Ready Gene JKplusFY for detection of further Kidd alleles in combination with Duffy detection. (inno-train.de)
The RBC-Ready Gene vERYfy system offers a combined solution for the parallel analysis of the blood group systems RHD, RHCE, MNS, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, Dombrock and Vel. (inno-train.de)
Although the Rh antibody was and still is the most common cause of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn, other alloimmune antibodies belonging to Kell (K and k), Duffy (Fya), Kidd (Jka and Jkb), and MNSs (M, N, S, and s) systems do cause severe hemolytic disease of the newborn. (medscape.com)
The most common are: anti-Kell (K1), anti-Rh c, anti-Rh E, anti-Duffy and anti-Kidd antibodies. (exxcellence.org)
Kell alloimmunization is often caused by prior transfusion because Kell compatibility was not considered during cross-matching blood. (exxcellence.org)
Advanced gel technology is used for blood grouping and crossmatching .We have the facility to identify antibodies to minor red cell antigens(like kell, Kidd, C, E etc) which has the potential to cause haemolytic disease of the new born and haemolytic transfusion reaction. (kiranhospital.com)

The Kidd antigen system (also known as Jk antigen) are proteins found in the Kidd's blood group, which act as antigens, i.e., they have the ability to produce antibodies under certain circumstances. (wikipedia.org)
People with two Jk(a) antigens, for instance, may form antibodies against donated blood containing two Jk(b) antigens (and thus no Jk(a) antigens). (wikipedia.org)
Another disease associated with the Jk antigen is hemolytic disease of the newborn, in which a pregnant woman's body creates antibodies against the blood of her fetus, leading to destruction of the fetal blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-Kidd antibodies appear to react more strongly against cells that are homozygous. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Kidd antibodies can be difficult to detect by direct agglutination testing and generally require addition of antihuman globulin after a warm incubation period. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Kidd antibodies are dangerous as they are capable of causing severe acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. (wikipedia.org)
Kidd antibodies are often capable of binding complement and causing intravascular hemolysis. (wikipedia.org)
More often, however, Kidd antibodies cause acute extravascular hemolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Kidd antibodies only rarely cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. (wikipedia.org)
If a person is exposed to blood with different antigens than his or her own, he or she may form antibodies that can result in extravascular and/or intravascular hemolysis when the recipient is reintroduced to the same antigens in a future transfusion. (medscape.com)
So the BSH guidelines on Pre-Transfusion Compatibility Procedures in Blood Transfusion Laboratories suggests that if a patient has known to have presented with alloantibodies, either current sample or historically, antigen-negative units should be provided on antibodies known to be clinically significant. (pathlabtalk.com)
Blood group ABO system antibodies are stimulated by the bacteria and the other substances in our surroundings. (labpedia.net)
antibodies in the reverse grouping may be undetectable. (labpedia.net)
Activated B-lymphocyte → multiplies rapidly → Clone of plasma cells and memory B-cells produced → Plasma cells produce → Glycoproteins, called antibodies → Antibodies circulated through humor/ body fluids like blood and lymph → The antibody → bind to a cell membrane or they remain free. (balbhartisolutions.com)
The most likely causes of delayed hemolytic reactions are Kidd system antibodies. (smith.edu)
Emphasis is placed on the genetic basis and immunological interaction of the major blood group antigens and antibodies. (bristolcc.edu)
Upon direct testing by adding antibodies against A, B and/or Rh to patient blood, agglutination means that the patient has the antigen tested. (patholines.org)
The image above shows the interpretation of an antibody panel used to detect antibodies towards the most relevant blood group antigens. (patholines.org)
When both pairs are + (heterozygous cases), they are both excluded (here marked by X), except for C/c, E/e, Duffy, Kidd and MNS antigens (where antibodies of the patient may still react towards blood cells with homozygous antigen expression, because homozygous expression results in a higher dosage of the antigen). (patholines.org)
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and neonate is hemolytic anemia in the fetus (or neonate, as erythroblastosis neonatorum) caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
At the first prenatal visit, all women are screened for blood type, Rh type, and anti-Rho(D) and other antibodies that are formed in response to antigens and that can cause erythroblastosis fetalis (reflex antibody screening). (msdmanuals.com)

The Jk antigen is found on a protein responsible for urea transport in the red blood cells and the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
in 1951 and is named after a patient (Mrs Kidd delivered a baby with a haemolytic disease of the newborn associated with an antibody directed against a new antigen Jk (a). (wikipedia.org)
So the basic principle of blood donation is that there should be no antibody to match the RBCs' surface antigen. (labpedia.net)
Antigen on Blood Cells: Antigens (A, B, D) on the surface of human red blood cells : responsible for different blood groups. (balbhartisolutions.com)
Blood Group Genotyping Test , from human genomic DNA, allowing simultaneous identification of the most relevant human erythrocyte antigens (antigen D), detecting polymorphisms that determine 6 RHD and HPA-1 variants. (progenika.com)
Correlate population genetics and antigen frequency differences within indigenous groups and apply this knowledge to compatibility testing and the application of DNA probing to parentage testing and forensic science. (bristolcc.edu)
Acute simple transfu- tance of providing antigen-matched blood sions are usually used to treat sequestration for chronic transfusion patients, such as crisis, aplastic crisis, blood loss and in pre- those with thalassaemia and SCA, in order operative preparation. (who.int)
By examining the antigen profiles of the red blood cells the person's plasma reacts with, it is possible to determine the antibody's identity. (patholines.org)
It contains an epitope identified as the Kidd (JK) blood group antigen. (rndsystems.com)
If he has Rh-negative blood and is negative for the antigen corresponding to the antibody identified in the mother, no further testing is necessary. (msdmanuals.com)

Duffy Blood-Group System" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Duffy Blood-Group System" by people in this website by year, and whether "Duffy Blood-Group System" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Duffy Blood-Group System" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)

This can lead to hemolytic anemia, in which the body destroys the transfused blood, leading to low red blood cell counts. (wikipedia.org)
Different hemolytic diseases e. g. sickle cell anemia or thalassemia, but also complex courses of diseases following multiple operations due to accidents or chronic diseases require continuous blood transfusions. (inno-train.de)

Hospital Corpsman 2nd Class Shane Miller, left, and Hospital Corpsman 2nd Class Austin Kelly, both assigned to Fleet Surgical Team 9, draw blood from a Sailor assigned to the guided-missile destroyer USS Kidd (DDG 100) after its arrival in San Diego April 28 as part of the Navy's aggressive response to the COVID-19 outbreak on board the ship. (health.mil)
SAN DIEGO, Calif., Oct. 20, 2015 -- Agena Bioscience™ today announced expanded use of its MassARRAY ® System. (agenabio.com)
SAN DIEGO, Calif., Feb. 24, 2015 -- Agena Bioscience today released the MassARRAY ® 24-Well System for mass spectrometry-based. (agenabio.com)

Kidd antigens are located on a red blood cell urea transporter (human urea transporter 11- HUT11 or UT-B1). (wikipedia.org)
As red blood cells approach the renal medulla (where there is a high concentration of urea), the urea transporter allows for rapid uptake of urea and prevents cell shrinkage in the hypertonic environment of the medulla. (wikipedia.org)

Antibody screening is routinely used in conjunction with typing and crossmatch before the administration of blood products, especially RBCs, to avoid transfusion reactions and to prevent notably decreased survival of transfused RBCs. (medscape.com)
Blood grouping is done for the donor and the recipient (Crossmatch). (labpedia.net)

Blood grouping is done in the expected mother and newborn to rule out Rh-incompatibility. (labpedia.net)
It is logical to perform only forward grouping in newborn babies. (labpedia.net)
o As a result, cord blood and RBCs from newborn infants phenotype as Le(a -b-). o Some can be shown to be weakly Le(a+) when tested with a potent anti-Lea or with methods more sensitive than direct agglutination. (keepnotes.com)

Efforts to measure exposure to chemicals by directly studying substances in human blood, urine, or other specimens are underway at CDC and other agencies. (cdc.gov)
pathology or laboratory medicine, is a medical speciality that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of blood, urine, body fluid and tissues using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. (kiranhospital.com)

However, in sickle cell disease (SCD) primarily due to repeated blood transfusions and hemolysis-induced recycling of iron, its supplementation during pregnancy remains questionable and may be harmful. (scielo.br)
If further transfusions are necessary molecular blood group detection gives clear result because the colume of donor DNA in the transfusedblood units dies not influence the test. (inno-train.de)
If you expect to get questions regarding blood products, get a copy of the local cutoffs for approving transfusions of red blood cells, platelets and plasma, and keep it so that you can quickly look it up when needed. (patholines.org)

There are more than 300 recognized blood-group antigens, of which the Rhesus (Rh) blood-group system is the most common cause of maternal alloimmunization. (exxcellence.org)

Lectins, as an antigenic determinant of blood group, have come to be an important tool in the identification of different blood groups. (nih.gov)
Beyond the 5 major antigens, more than 100 antigenic variants of Rh group system have been identified. (medscape.com)

Blood Group Genotyping Test, from human genomic DNA, allowing simultaneous identification of multiple allelic variants from the major platelet antigens (HPA) from HPA 1 to HPA11 and HPA 15 systems. (progenika.com)
BIDS XT is a powerful software tool specially designed for use with our range of Blood Group Genotyping ID XT Tests which makes for an easier, more efficient and safer process of blood sample genotyping in the laboratory. (progenika.com)
Genetic test services for Blood Group Genotyping with the entire BLOODchip product portfolio. (progenika.com)

Red blood cells (RBCs) carry numerous protein and carbohydrate antigens on their surface. (medscape.com)
Blood grouping is done based on the presence of antigens on the surface of RBCs. (labpedia.net)
The World Health Organization (WHO) technical report in 1971 recommended that a dose of 25 mcg (125 IU) of anti-D immunoglobulin G (IgG) should be given intramuscularly for every 1 mL of fetomaternal hemorrhage of Rh-positive packed RBCs or 2 mL of whole blood. (medscape.com)
Expression is limited to RBCs, with an increasing density during their maturation, unlike the ABH system, which exists in a wide variety of tissues. (medscape.com)
Fetal red blood cells (RBCs) normally move across the placenta to the maternal circulation throughout pregnancy. (msdmanuals.com)
In women who have Rh-negative blood and who are carrying a fetus with Rh-positive blood, fetal RBCs stimulate maternal antibody production against the Rh antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

The disorder usually results from incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood groups, often Rho(D) antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

Discuss the acceptability of a donor in accordance with AABB standards for whole blood and component donations. (bristolcc.edu)
Single donor platelet(SDP) apheresis is collected from healthy donors using the apheresis machines.These platelets can effectively increase platelet counts and are maximally utilized by patients with Low platelets in Dingue, hemat-oncological disorders.Single donor platelets reduce the number of donor exposures compared to random donor platelets prepared from blood donations. (kiranhospital.com)

Broad-range bacterial PCR has been used to identify previously uncharacterized as well as known bacterial pathogens directly in clinical specimens, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, blood, and heart valve tissue ( 2 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)

Following transfusion, a subsequent robust antibody response in the patient can occur (anamnestic response), resulting in hemolysis of the transfused red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)

2. Immunology: Study of immune system, immune responses to foreign substances and their role in resisting infection by pathogens. (balbhartisolutions.com)

In the antibody screening procedure, an individual's plasma is added to a panel of two or three sets of red blood cells which have been chosen to express most clinically significant blood group antigens. (patholines.org)

Perform routine serological procedures inclusive of ABO grouping, Rh typing, compatibility testing, antibody detection and identification, solving of ABO discrepancies, Rh typing and antibody identification problems. (bristolcc.edu)

Recommendations of CDC, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (cdc.gov)
Test volume and sales forecasts for over 40 blood typing, grouping and infectious disease screening tests, including NAT. (aarkstore.com)
Analysis of current and emerging blood typing, grouping and infectious disease NAT screening assays. (aarkstore.com)
New product development opportunities for blood typing, grouping and infectious disease NAT assays and instrumentation with significant market appeal. (aarkstore.com)

The Kidd gene has 11 exons with exons 4-11 encoding the mature protein. (wikipedia.org)
The Kidd gene (SLC14A1) is on chromosome 18q12.3. (wikipedia.org)
Kidd antigens are enhanced by enzymes[citation needed] Jk(a-b-) represents the null phenotype and usually results from homozygosity for a silent gene at the JK locus. (wikipedia.org)
While O-gene encodes for inactive transferase enzyme and ultimately leads to the formation of blood group O. (labpedia.net)
Red Blood Cell-Ready Gene is inno-train's product line for analysis of erythrocyte blood groups based on the SSP-PCR method. (inno-train.de)
RBC-Ready Gene Rare ID detects rare blood group alleles without a doubt and in an economical way. (inno-train.de)
You have the choice: the RBC-Ready Gene Rare Screen system screens with only one reaction for five different blood group alleles. (inno-train.de)
The RBC-Ready Gene 4-Screen seaches in four reaction of seven different rare blood group alleles in parallel with the confirmation of D positivity or D negativity. (inno-train.de)
Further identification of the detected rare allele after such a screening test can be completed with the RBC-Ready Gene Rare ID system. (inno-train.de)
For clarification of serologically weak D typings in patients and donors inno-train's system RBC-Ready Gene CDE and RBC-Ready Gene D weak can be used individually or in combination. (inno-train.de)
The RBC_Ready Gene D AddOn system detects additional RHD sequences and further D negative alleles, which are not caused by a deletion of the whole RHD gene, i. e. (inno-train.de)
With the RBC-Ready Gene cDE system a clear result of the RHCE alleles C, c, E, e and C w is obtained. (inno-train.de)
[ 3 ] The Rh blood group system uses Fisher-Race nomenclature, and the Rh gene complex consists of 3 genetic loci each with 2 major alleles. (medscape.com)

The importance of various lectins used as markers for blood grouping is discussed. (nih.gov)

B19 was discovered in England in 1975 in serum specimens from healthy blood donors (1). (cdc.gov)

Agglutination of the screening cells by the plasma, with or without the addition of anti-human globulin, indicates that an unexpected blood group antibody is present. (patholines.org)
The "result" column to the right displays reactivity when mixing reference red blood cells with plasma from the patient in 3 different phases: room temperature, 37°C and AHG (with anti-human globulin, by the indirect antiglobulin test). (patholines.org)

The crew of USS Kidd experienced a COVID-19 outbreak identified in April 2020. (health.mil)
This running does need families that can have system course lecturer place, increasingly for salon with the 2015-2020 values and the Science of the 2025-2030 lines. (tanganyikawildernesscamps.com)

If paternal testing returns positive, zygosity testing should be requested from the blood bank as a heterozygous state can be detected through serologic testing. (exxcellence.org)

Hey All, I have always been told that the use of Tube Method, or conventional tube technique (CTT), is the 'gold standard' for blood grouping and allows a stronger reaction in the reverse group, compared to column agglutination technology (CAT). (pathlabtalk.com)

Other causes of maternal anti-Rh antibody production include injection with needles contaminated with Rh-positive blood and inadvertent transfusion of Rh-positive blood. (msdmanuals.com)

citation needed] Jka and Jkb are the products of alleles with Asp280 and Asn280 in the fourth external loop of the Kidd glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Very weak expression of Jka and/or Jkb can be detected on In(Jk) red blood cells in adsorption/elution tests. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore these diagnostic systems represent the ideal complement to serolgoical blood group typing. (inno-train.de)

Beck L, Blood groups and red cell antigens. (loinc.org)
Tests for the ABH secretion may help establish the true ABO group of an individual whose red blood cell antigens are poorly developed. (labpedia.net)
It can also cause TAC in other conditions in which increased red cell production is necessary to maintain stable red cell indices, as may occur in anemia due to blood loss. (cdc.gov)
We have stem cell apheresis (collection of the peripheral blood stem cells of the patient), cryopreservation and controlled rate freezing and liquid nitrogen storage facility at our center to support the state of the art stem cell (bone marrow) transplantation unit. (kiranhospital.com)

Topics will include compatibility testing, antibody screen and identification techniques, blood donations and transfusion therapy, record keeping and quality control techniques. (bristolcc.edu)
Discuss the types of blood components that are available for transfusion therapy including collection, preparation, storage and appropriate use of each component. (bristolcc.edu)

It prides itself on the fact that it is an alternative lifestyle, Furry only (no humans) selective fantasy roleplaying world system, offering a variety of areas to explore, plenty of space to build, and lag-free zone to sit and chat with the natives. (google.com)

Enhanced Detection and Characterization of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Species in Dogs and Ticks with Focus on a Novel Rickettsia Species Infecting Clinically Ill Dogs in the U.S. (akcchf.org)

In our hospital, it is the blood transfusion laboratory that handles Octaplas, since pharmacy does not have a plasma thawer. (pathlabtalk.com)

After ABO and Rh blood grouping by the patients develop multiple alloantibodies, standard tube method, the following were which further complicate their situation. (who.int)
System-wide Surveillance for Clinical Encounters by Patients Previously Identified with MRSA and VRE. (cdc.gov)
According to the TCCS-ECD screening, patients and HAV-C further underwent selective venography of the azygous and jugular venous system with venous pressure measurement. (bmj.com)

IVDs for clinical decisions on diagnosis and treatment, as does screening of blood/blood products for transfusion and human organs/tissues for transplantation. (who.int)

Anwendung download leibniz and clarke: correspondence (hackett Pflege des neuen Systems dienen fetalis, grands are entscheidenden Vorgaben uses durch are Deckelung gegeben innovation. (sbcoastalconcierge.com)
Incompatibilities of ABO blood types do not cause erythroblastosis fetalis. (msdmanuals.com)
If women have Rh-negative blood and test positive for anti-Rho(D) or they test positive for another antibody that can cause erythroblastosis fetalis, the father's blood type and zygosity (if paternity is certain) are determined. (msdmanuals.com)

Immune system : The ability to resist almost all types of these foreign bodies is possible due to immune system. (balbhartisolutions.com)
Current grants explore better methods to detect tick-borne diseases and recognize new pathogens, plus improve our understanding of how ticks locate dog hosts and how the canine immune system responds to tick-borne infections. (akcchf.org)

It is somewhat issued out similar to FFP, but our LIMS has been set-up to recognise Octopus as a "Batched Product", similar to Human Albumin Solution or Prophylactic Anti-D, but it recognises the need to be compatible with patient's blood group. (pathlabtalk.com)
Discuss the basic theories of human genetics and apply them to major blood groups. (bristolcc.edu)

Discuss the history of blood transfusion services, the major contributors, recent advantages and trends. (bristolcc.edu)
They code for 5 major antigens denoted by letters, C, c, E, e, and D. Rh blood group antigens are inherited as determined by at least 2 homologous but distinct membrane-associated proteins. (medscape.com)

German scientist Karl Lan dsteiner first described blood groups having inherited differences in 1900. (labpedia.net)

The information about the status of blood and its components donation, influencing the quality of rending of medical help in Tatarstan, is represented. (ozizdrav.ru)
The middle volume of one blood donation in the institutions of blood services of Health Ministry of Tatarstan Republic increased in 6,0 ml in comparison with 2010 and formed 428,0 ml that becomes equal with Russia. (ozizdrav.ru)

Always consider if a blood product should be given as per a local precaution protocol (usually including regular check-ups of the patient). (patholines.org)
Blood Centre is an integral part of patient management. (kiranhospital.com)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

At physiological expression levels the Kidd blood group/urea transporter protein is not a water channel. (1/22)

Molecular heterogeneity of the Jk(null) phenotype: expression analysis of the Jk(S291P) mutation found in Finns. (2/22)

Partial deletion in the JK locus causing a Jk(null) phenotype. (3/22)

Antigenic and functional properties of the human red blood cell urea transporter hUT-B1. (4/22)

Urinary concentrating ability in patients with Jk(a-b-) blood type who lack carrier-mediated urea transport. (5/22)

Identification and characterization of a Kidd antigen/UT-B urea transporter expressed in human colon. (6/22)

Acute transplant rejection induced by blood transfusion reaction to the Kidd blood group system. (7/22)

Association of blood groups with essential and secondary hypertension. A possible association of the MNS system. (8/22)

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Kidd Blood-Group System

Blood Group Antigens

Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

ABO Blood-Group System

Kell Blood-Group System

MNSs Blood-Group System

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching

P Blood-Group System

Lewis Blood-Group System

Glycophorin

Duffy Blood-Group System

Erythroblastosis, Fetal

Antigens

Encyclopedias as Topic

Antigens, Bacterial

Anemia, Hemolytic

At physiological expression levels the Kidd blood group/urea transporter protein is not a water channel. (1/22)

Molecular heterogeneity of the Jk(null) phenotype: expression analysis of the Jk(S291P) mutation found in Finns. (2/22)

Partial deletion in the JK locus causing a Jk(null) phenotype. (3/22)

Antigenic and functional properties of the human red blood cell urea transporter hUT-B1. (4/22)

Urinary concentrating ability in patients with Jk(a-b-) blood type who lack carrier-mediated urea transport. (5/22)

Identification and characterization of a Kidd antigen/UT-B urea transporter expressed in human colon. (6/22)

Acute transplant rejection induced by blood transfusion reaction to the Kidd blood group system. (7/22)

Association of blood groups with essential and secondary hypertension. A possible association of the MNS system. (8/22)

Kell8

Antibodies21

Antigen10

Duffy Blood-3

Hemolytic2

Diego3

Urea transporter2

Crossmatch2

Newborn3

Urine2

Transfusions3

Rhesus1

Antigenic2

Genotyping3

RBCs6

Fetal blood1

Donor2

Tissue1

Hemolysis1

Substances1

Antibody Screening1

Procedures1

Infectious4

Gene13

Markers1

Serum1

Globulin2

20202

Heterozygous1

Agglutination1

Maternal1

Citation2

Complement1

Cell4

Transfusion therapy2

Humans1

Detection1

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Patients3

Clinical1

Fetalis3

Immune system2

Human2

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Differences1

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Patient2

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