Ketoconazole
14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors
Antifungal Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
A cytochrome P-450 suptype that has specificity for a broad variety of lipophilic compounds, including STEROIDS; FATTY ACIDS; and XENOBIOTICS. This enzyme has clinical significance due to its ability to metabolize a diverse array of clinically important drugs such as CYCLOSPORINE; VERAPAMIL; and MIDAZOLAM. This enzyme also catalyzes the N-demethylation of ERYTHROMYCIN.
Drug Interactions
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Clotrimazole
Microsomes, Liver
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Sterol 14-Demethylase
An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.
Candida
A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Area Under Curve
A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)
Imidazoles
Malassezia
Loratadine
Amphotericin B
Ergosterol
Cross-Over Studies
Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Triazolam
A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.
Candida albicans
Terfenadine
Dealkylation
Midazolam
A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
Hair Preparations
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.
Lice Infestations
Pediculus
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic
Cola
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 1A1 expression in human small bowel: interindividual variation and inhibition by ketoconazole. (1/766)
Human cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is located primarily in extrahepatic tissues. To begin the characterization of this enzyme in the small intestine, we screened a bank of 18 human small intestinal microsomal preparations for CYP1A1 catalytic [(7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD)] activity and protein content. Although EROD activity was below detectable limits in 12 of the preparations, 6 exhibited measurable activity (1.4-123.5 pmol/min/mg), some exceeding that for 2 human liver microsomal preparations (11.0 and 26.4 pmol/min/mg). This variation was not due to variable quality of the preparations because each sample displayed readily detectable CYP3A4 catalytic activity and immunoreactive protein. We inadvertently found that intestinal EROD activity was inhibitable by ketoconazole at a concentration commonly believed to selectively inhibit CYP3A4. The possibility that CYP3A4 metabolizes 7-ethoxyresorufin was excluded because there was no correlation between intestinal CYP3A4 catalytic and EROD activity, and cDNA-expressed human CYP3A4 exhibited no EROD activity. Moreover, CYP1A1 immunoreactive protein was most abundant in the three intestinal preparations with the highest EROD activities, and the mean apparent Ki of ketoconazole observed for these three preparations (40 nM) was essentially identical with that for cDNA-expressed human CYP1A1 (37 nM). In summary, there is large interindividual variation in CYP1A1 expression in human small bowel, and ketoconazole is not a selective CYP3A4 inhibitor in in vitro metabolism studies involving intestinal tissue obtained from some individuals. These observations raise the possibility that in vivo drug interactions involving ketoconazole could result from CYP1A1 inhibition in the intestine in some individuals. (+info)Quantitative prediction of metabolic inhibition of midazolam by itraconazole and ketoconazole in rats: implication of concentrative uptake of inhibitors into liver. (2/766)
To evaluate the extent of drug-drug interaction concerning metabolic inhibition in the liver quantitatively, we tried to predict the plasma concentration increasing ratio of midazolam (MDZ) by itraconazole (ITZ) or ketoconazole (KTZ) in rats. MDZ was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg through the portal vein at 60 min after bolus administration of 20 mg/kg ITZ or during 0.33 mg/h/body of KTZ infusion. The ratio values in the area under the plasma concentration curve of MDZ in the presence of ITZ and KTZ was 2.14 and 1.67, respectively. The liver-unbound concentration to plasma-unbound concentration ratios of ITZ and KTZ were 11 approximately 14 and 1.3, respectively, suggesting a concentrative uptake of both drugs into the liver. ITZ and KTZ competitively inhibited the oxidative metabolism of MDZ in rat liver microsomes, and Ki values of ITZ and KTZ were 0.23 microM and 0.16 microM, respectively. We predicted the ratio values of MDZ in the presence of ITZ and KTZ, using Ki values and unbound concentrations of both drugs in the plasma or liver. The predicted ratio values in the presence of ITZ or KTZ calculated by using unbound concentration in the plasma were 1.03 approximately 1.05 and 1.39, whereas those calculated using unbound concentration in the liver were 1.73 approximately 1.97 and 1.51, respectively, which were very close to the observed ratio values. These findings indicated the necessity to consider the concentrative uptake of inhibitors into the liver for the quantitative prediction of the drug-drug interactions concerning metabolic inhibition in the liver. (+info)In vitro metabolism of quinidine: the (3S)-3-hydroxylation of quinidine is a specific marker reaction for cytochrome P-4503A4 activity in human liver microsomes. (3/766)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the (3S)-3-hydroxylation and the N-oxidation of quinidine as biomarkers for cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4 activity in human liver microsome preparations. An HPLC method was developed to assay the metabolites (3S)-3-hydroxyquinidine (3-OH-Q) and quinidine N-oxide (Q-N-OX) formed during incubation with microsomes from human liver and from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing 10 human CYPs. 3-OH-Q formation complied with Michaelis-Menten kinetics (mean values of Vmax and Km: 74.4 nmol/mg/h and 74.2 microM, respectively). Q-N-OX formation followed two-site kinetics with mean values of Vmax, Km and Vmax/Km for the low affinity isozyme of 15.9 nmol/mg/h, 76.1 microM and 0.03 ml/mg/h, respectively. 3-OH-Q and Q-N-OX formations were potently inhibited by ketoconazole, itraconazole, and triacetyloleandomycin. Isozyme specific inhibitors of CYP1A2, -2C9, -2C19, -2D6, and -2E1 did not inhibit 3-OH-Q or Q-N-OX formation, with Ki values comparable with previously reported values. Statistically significant correlations were observed between CYP3A4 content and formations of 3-OH-Q and Q-N-OX in 12 human liver microsome preparations. Studies with yeast-expressed isozymes revealed that only CYP3A4 actively catalyzed the (3S)-3-hydroxylation. CYP3A4 was the most active enzyme in Q-N-OX formation, but CYP2C9 and 2E1 also catalyzed minor proportions of the N-oxidation. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that only CYP3A4 is actively involved in the formation of 3-OH-Q. Hence, the (3S)-3-hydroxylation of quinidine is a specific probe for CYP3A4 activity in human liver microsome preparations, whereas the N-oxidation of quinidine is a somewhat less specific marker reaction for CYP3A4 activity, because the presence of a low affinity enzyme is demonstrated by different approaches. (+info)Metabolism of the antimalarial endoperoxide Ro 42-1611 (arteflene) in the rat: evidence for endoperoxide bioactivation. (4/766)
Ro 42-1611 (arteflene) is a synthetic endoperoxide antimalarial. The antimalarial activity of endoperoxides is attributed to iron(II)-mediated generation of carbon-centered radicals. An alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone (enone; 4-[2',4' bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-buten-2-one), obtained from arteflene by reaction with iron(II), was identified previously as the stable product of a reaction that, by inference, also yields a cyclohexyl radical. The activation of arteflene in vivo has been characterized with particular reference to enone formation. [14C]Arteflene (35 micromol/kg) was given i.v. to anesthetized and cannulated male rats: 42.2 +/- 7.0% (mean +/- S.D., n = 7) of the radiolabel was recovered in bile over 5 h. In the majority of rats, the principal biliary metabolites were 8-hydroxyarteflene glucuronide (14.2 +/- 3. 9% dose, 0-3 h) and the cis and trans isomers of the enone (13.5 +/- 4.6% dose, 0-3 h). In conscious rats, 15.3 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- S.D., n = 8) of the radiolabel was recovered in urine over 24 h. The principal urinary metabolite appeared to be a glycine conjugate of a derivative of the enone. Biliary excretion of the glucuronide, but not of the enones, was inhibited by ketoconazole. 8-Hydroxyarteflene was formed extensively by rat and human liver microsomes but no enone was found. Bioactivation is a major pathway of arteflene's metabolism in the rat. Although the mechanism of in vivo bioactivation is unclear, the reaction is not catalyzed by microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes. (+info)Effects of azole antifungal drugs on the transition from yeast cells to hyphae in susceptible and resistant isolates of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. (5/766)
Oral infections caused by the yeast Candida albicans are some of the most frequent and earliest opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The widespread use of azole antifungal drugs has led to the development of drug resistance, creating a major problem in the treatment of yeast infections in AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals. Several molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance have been identified. In C. albicans, the ability to morphologically switch from yeast cells (blastospores) to filamentous forms (hyphae) is an important virulence factor which contributes to the dissemination of Candida in host tissues and which promotes infection and invasion. A positive correlation between the level of antifungal drug resistance and the ability to form hyphae in the presence of azole drugs has been identified. Under hypha-inducing conditions in the presence of an azole drug, resistant clinical isolates form hyphae, while susceptible yeast isolates do not. This correlation is observed in a random sample from a population of susceptible and resistant isolates and is independent of the mechanisms of resistance. 35S-methionine incorporation suggests that growth inhibition is not sufficient to explain the inhibition of hyphal formation, but it may contribute to this inhibition. (+info)YM116, 2-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole, decreases adrenal androgen synthesis by inhibiting C17-20 lyase activity in NCI-H295 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. (6/766)
The concentrations of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, products of C17-20 lyase, in the medium after a 6-hr incubation of NCI-H295 cells were decreased by YM116 (2-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole) (IC50: 3.6 and 2.1 nM) and ketoconazole (IC50: 54.9 and 54.2 nM). 17Alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, a product of 17alpha-hydroxylase, was increased by YM116 (1-30 nM) and by ketoconazole (10-300 nM) and then was decreased at higher concentrations of both agents (IC50: 180 nM for YM116, 906 nM for ketoconazole), indicating that YM116 and ketoconazole were 50- and 16.5-fold more specific inhibitors of C17-20 lyase, respectively, than 17alpha-hydroxylase. Compatible with these findings, progesterone, a substrate of 17alpha-hydroxylase, was increased by these agents. Cortisol production was inhibited by YM116 and ketoconazole (IC50: 50.4 and 80.9 nM, respectively). YM116 was a 14-fold more potent inhibitor of androstenedione production than cortisol production, whereas ketoconazole was a nonselective inhibitor of the production of both steroids. YM116 and ketoconazole inhibited the C17-20 lyase activity in human testicular microsomes (IC50: 4.2 and 17 nM, respectively). These results demonstrate that YM116 reduces the synthesis of adrenal androgens by preferentially inhibiting C17-20 lyase activity. (+info)Metabolic interactions between mibefradil and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: an in vitro investigation with human liver preparations. (7/766)
AIMS: To determine the effects of mibefradil on the nletabolism in human liver microsomal preparations of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, cerivastatin and fluvastatin. METHODS: Metabolism of the above five statins (0.5, 5 or 10 microM), as well as of specific CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C8/9 marker substrates, was examined in human liver microsomal preparations in the presence and absence of mibefradil (0.1-50 microM). RESULTS: Mibefradil inhibited, in a concentration-dependent fashion, the metabolism of the four statins (simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin) known to be substrates for CYP3A. The potency of inhibition was such that the IC50 values (<1 microM) for inhibition of all of the CYP3A substrates fell within the therapeutic plasma concentrations of mibefradil, and was comparable with that of ketoconazole. However, the inhibition by mibefradil, unlike that of ketoconazole, was at least in part mechanism-based. Based on the kinetics of its inhibition of hepatic testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase activity, mibefradil was judged to be a powerful mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP3A4/5, with values for Kinactivation, Ki and partition ratio (moles of mibefradil metabolized per moles of enzyme inactivated) of 0.4 min(-1), 2.3 microM and 1.7, respectively. In contrast to the results with substrates of CYP3A, metabolism of fluvastatin, a substrate of CYP2C8/9, and the hydroxylation of tolbutamide, a functional probe for CYP2C8/9, were not inhibited by mibefradil. CONCLUSION: Mibefradil, at therapeutically relevant concentrations, strongly suppressed the metabolism in human liver microsomes of simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin through its inhibitory effects on CYP3A4/5, while the effects of mibefradil on fluvastatin, a substrate for CYP2C8/9, were minimal in this system. Since mibefradil is a potent mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP3A4/5, it is anticipated that clinically significant drug-drug interactions will likely ensue when mibefradil is coadministered with agents which are cleared primarily by CYP3A-mediated pathways. (+info)Effect of selected antimalarial drugs and inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 3A4 on halofantrine metabolism by human liver microsomes. (8/766)
Halofantrine (HF) is used in the treatment of uncomplicated multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Severe cardiotoxicity has been reported to be correlated with high plasma concentrations of HF but not with that of its metabolite N-debutylhalofantrine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of other antimalarial drugs and of ketoconazole, a typical cytochrome P-450 3A4 inhibitor, on HF metabolism by human liver microsomes. Antimalarial drug inhibitory effects were ranked as follows: primaquine > proguanil > mefloquine > quinine > quinidine > artemether > amodiaquine. Artemisine, doxycycline, sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine showed little or no inhibition of HF metabolism. Mefloquine, quinine, quinidine, and ketoconazole used at maximal plasma concentrations inhibited N-debutylhalofantrine formation noncompetitively with Ki values of 70 microM, 49 microM, 62 microM, and 0.05 microM resulting in 7%, 49%, 26%, and 99% inhibition, respectively, in HF metabolism. In conclusion, we showed that quinine and quinidine coadministered with HF might inhibit its metabolism resulting in the potentiation of HF-induced cardiotoxicity in patients. This requires a close monitoring of ECG. For the same reasons, the concomitant administration of HF and ketoconazole must be avoided. By contrast, none of the other antimalarials studied inhibited HF metabolism and, by extrapolation, cytochrome P-450 3A4 activity. (+info)
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Management of hair loss
Ketoconazole[edit]. Ketoconazole may help in women.[1] Surgical treatments[edit]. Hair transplantation[edit]. Main article: ... Other medications include ketoconazole, and in female androgenic alopecia spironolactone and flutamide.[4] Combinations of ... finasteride, minoxidil and ketoconazole are more effective than individual use.[5] Minoxidil[edit]. Minoxidil, applied ...
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ketoconazole). On April 9, 2018, CNN reported that some in the FDA were concerned that Nuplazid was "risky" when it was ...
Tinea versicolor
Oral antifungals including ketoconazole or fluconazole in a single dose, or ketoconazole for seven days, or itraconazole can be ... Ketoconazole (Nizoral ointment and shampoo) is another treatment. It is normally applied to dry skin and washed off after 10 ... Ketoconazole. Fpnotebook.com. Retrieved on 2016-10-14. Media related to Tinea versicolor at Wikimedia Commons. ... Initial results show similar efficacy to ketoconazole with a relative increase in subjective symptom relief due to its inherent ...
Hepatotoxicity
"Ketoconazole Tablets". Banankhah, Peymaan S.; Garnick, Kyle A.; Greenblatt, David J. (2016-02-01). "Ketoconazole-Associated ... Oral use of the antifungal ketoconazole has been associated with hepatic toxicity, including some fatalities; however, such ...
List of drugs: K
... ketoconazole (INN) ketoprofen (INN) ketorfanol (INN) ketorolac (INN) ketotifen (INN) ketotrexate (INN) ketoxal (INN) Ketozole ... Redirects to ketoconazole. Korostatin Kwell redirects to Lindane Kytril. ...
Isoniazid
It is possible that isoniazid may decrease the serum levels of ketoconazole after long-term treatment. This is seen with the ... Baciewicz, A.M.; Baciewicz Jr., F.A. (September 13, 1993). "Ketoconazole and fluconazole drug interactions". Archives of ... simultaneous use of rifampin, isoniazid, and ketoconazole. Isoniazid may increase the amount of phenytoin in the body. The ...
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Management of hair loss
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Ketoconazole may also be used. Cure rates are high, and the treatment over a period of months is usually well tolerated. ...
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However, treatment of women with ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, had minimal effects on progesterone levels, producing ... ISBN 978-1-109-04632-8. Akalin S (January 1991). "Effects of ketoconazole in hirsute women". Acta Endocrinologica. 124 (1): 19- ...
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Specifically, ketoconazole or ciclopirox are effective. It is unclear if other antifungals, such as miconazole, are equally ... The topical antifungal medications ketoconazole and ciclopirox have the best evidence. It is unclear if other antifungals are ... Antifungals that have been studied and found to be effective in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis include ketoconazole, ... Systemic therapy with oral antifungals including itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine is effective. Topical ...
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Ketoconazole and abiraterone acetate are inhibitors of the enzyme CYP17A1, also known as 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase, which is ... Ayub M, Levell MJ (August 1989). "The effect of ketoconazole related imidazole drugs and antiandrogens on [3H] R 1881 binding ... ISBN 978-0-205-40615-9. Ayub M, Levell MJ (August 1989). "The effect of ketoconazole related imidazole drugs and antiandrogens ... The earlier androgen synthesis inhibitors aminoglutethimide and ketoconazole have only limitedly been used in the treatment of ...
Indinavir
The official start to its development started in December 1986 when Merck's president, Edward Scolnick, announced that they would start a comprehensive AIDS research program. They started a laboratory dedicated to AIDS research in West Point, Pennsylvania and placed Emilio Emini in charge of the laboratory.[11] A couple months later on January, 1987, a team of researchers consisting of Emilio Emini, Joel Huff, and Irving Sigal, kickstarted their studies by basing their project off of earlier research on the protease enzyme, renin.[5] They were the ones who started the process of research and development into protease inhibitors and its relation to the virus. Over a year later, in July 1988, Nancy Kohl, Emilio Emini, et al., published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of the Science about the idea of inhibiting the protease.[11] On February, 1989, Manuela Navia, Paula Fitzgerald, et al., published a paper that showed the three-dimensional structure of HIV's protease enzyme.[5] Other ...
Levothyroxine
... is typically used to treat hypothyroidism,[9] and is the treatment of choice for people with hypothyroidism,[10] who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy.[11] It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone that is considered goiter-inducing.[12][13] Levothyroxine is also used as interventional therapy in people with nodular thyroid disease or thyroid cancer to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion.[14] A subset of people with hypothyroidism treated with an appropriate dose of levothyroxine will describe continuing symptoms despite TSH levels in the normal range.[11] In these people, further laboratory and clinical evaluation is warranted as they may have another cause for their symptoms.[11] Furthermore, it is important to review their medications and possible dietary supplements as several medications can affect thyroid hormone levels.[11] Levothyroxine is also used to treat subclinical ...
Rifaximin
... is a low cost drug.[7] In the United States, Salix Pharmaceuticals holds a US Patent for rifaximin and markets the drug under the name Xifaxan.[17][18] In addition to receiving FDA approval for traveler's diarrhea and (marketing approved for)[18] hepatic encephalopathy, rifaximin received FDA approval for IBS in May 2015.[19] No generic formulation is available in the US and none has appeared due to the fact that the FDA approval process was ongoing. If rifaximin receives full FDA approval for hepatic encephalopathy it is likely that Salix will maintain marketing exclusivity and be protected from generic formulations until March 24, 2017.[18] Rifaximin is approved in 33 countries for GI disorders.[20][21] On August 13, 2013, Health Canada issued a Notice of Compliance to Salix Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the drug product Zaxine.[22] In India it is available under the brand names Ciboz and Xifapill.[citation needed] In Russia and Ukraine the drug is sold under the name Alfa Normix ...
Methylprednisolone
Long-term use of methylprednisolone, as with all corticosteroids, can be associated with hyperglycemia, decreased resistance to infection, swelling of face, weight gain, congestive cardiac insufficiency, fluid and sodium retention, edema, hypertension, increased eye pressure, glaucoma, osteoporosis, and psychosis, especially when used at high doses.[11][12] The most serious side effect occurs after the adrenal glands cease natural production of cortisol, which methylprednisolone will replace. Abrupt cessation of the drug after this occurs can result in a condition known as Addisonian crisis, which can be fatal. To prevent this, the drug is usually prescribed with a tapering dose, including a predosed "dose pack" detailing a specific number of tablets to take at designated times over a several-day period. Pharmacists sometimes advise that this drug may cause sleeplessness and "down" moods. Measles and chicken pox are very dangerous and potentially fatal for people on methylprednisolone therapy. ...
Omeprazole
Drugs that depend on an acidic stomach environment (such as ketoconazole or atazanavir) may be poorly absorbed, whereas acid- ...
Nafcillin
Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C, et al. (August 2006). "ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 114 (5): e84-231. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176857. PMID 16880336 ...
Androstenediol
... has been investigated for use as a radiation countermeasure. Its value as a radiation countermeasure is based mainly on its stimulation of production of white blood cells and platelets.[6] Its potential use as a radiation countermeasure was developed by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) and subsequently studied by AFRRI and Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals under the proposed brand name Neumune for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome.[6][7] The clinical trials with rhesus monkeys were successful. According to the Hollis-Eden report, only 12.5% of the 40 Neumune-treated animals died versus 32.5% in the placebo group.[8] Hollis-Eden had applied for a contract from the U.S. Government under the BioShield Request for Proposals (RFP) for radiation countermeasures. After being encouraged for 2.5 years that Neumune was in the competitive range, on March 9, 2007, the RFP was canceled by HHS. According to HHS, "the product was no longer in the competitive ...
Carbamazepine
... (CBZ), sold under the trade name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.[1] It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures.[1] It is used in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder.[3][1] Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate for focal and generalised seizures.[4] Common side effects include nausea and drowsiness.[1] Serious side effects may include skin rashes, decreased bone marrow function, suicidal thoughts, or confusion.[1] It should not be used in those with a history of bone marrow problems.[1] Use during pregnancy may cause harm to the baby; however, stopping the medication in pregnant women with seizures is not recommended.[1] Its use during breastfeeding is not recommended.[1] Care should be taken in those with either kidney or liver problems.[1] Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953 by Swiss chemist Walter ...
Pregnenolone
... is an allosteric endocannabinoid, as it is a negative allosteric modulator of the CB1 receptor.[4][5] Pregnenolone is involved in a natural negative feedback loop against CB1 receptor activation in animals.[6][better source needed] It prevents CB1 receptor agonists like tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active constituent in cannabis, from fully activating the CB1 [6][better source needed] Pregnenolone has been found to bind with high, nanomolar affinity to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in the brain.[7][8] In contrast to pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate did not bind to microtubules.[7][8] However, progesterone did and with similar affinity to pregnenolone, although unlike pregnenolone, it did not increase binding of MAP2 to tubulin.[7][8] Pregnenolone was found to induce tubule polymerization in neuronal cultures and to increase neurite growth in PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor.[7][8] As such, pregnenolone may control formation and stabilization of microtubules ...
Permethrin
... has little systemic absorption, and is considered safe for topical use in adults and children over the age of 2 months. The FDA has assigned it as pregnancy category B. Animal studies have shown no effects on fertility or teratogenicity, but studies in humans have not been performed. The excretion of permethrin in breastmilk is unknown, and breastfeeding is recommended to be temporarily discontinued during treatment.[11] According to the Connecticut Department of Public Health, permethrin "has low mammalian toxicity, is poorly absorbed through the skin, and is rapidly inactivated by the body. Skin reactions have been uncommon."[14] Excessive exposure to permethrin can cause nausea, headache, muscle weakness, excessive salivation, shortness of breath, and seizures. Worker exposure to the chemical can be monitored by measurement of the urinary metabolites, while severe overdose may be confirmed by measurement of permethrin in serum or blood plasma.[15] Permethrin does not present any ...
Docetaxel
Erythromycin, ketoconazole and cyclosporine are CYP3A4 inhibitors and therefore inhibit the metabolic pathway of docetaxel.[13] ... Cyclosporine, dalfopristin, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, quinupristin, terfenadine, troleandomycin Increased risk ...
Metacycline
InChI=1S/C22H22N2O8/c1-7-8-5-4-6-9(25)11(8)16(26)12-10(7)17(27)14-15(24(2)3)18(28)13(21(23)31)20(30)22(14,32)19(12)29/h4-6,10,14-15,17,25,27-29,32H,1H2,2-3H3,(H2,23,31)/t10-,14-,15+,17+,22+/m1/s1 ...
Methoxychlor
Human exposure to methoxychlor occurs via air, soil, and water,[7] primarily in people who work with the substance or who are exposed to air, soil, or water that has been contaminated. It is unknown how quickly and efficiently the substance is absorbed by humans who have been exposed to contaminated air or via skin contact.[7] In animal models, high doses can lead to neurotoxicity.[7] Some methoxychlor's metabolites have estrogenic effects in adult and developing animals before and after birth.[7] One studied metabolite is 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE) which shows reproductive toxicity in an animal model by reducing testosterone biosynthesis.[8][9] Such effects adversely affect both the male and female reproductive systems. It is expected that this "could occur in humans" but has not been proven.[7] While one study has linked methoxychlor to the development of leukemia in humans, most studies in animals and humans have been negative, thus the EPA has determined that it is ...
Pregnanolone
... , also known as eltanolone (INN), is an endogenous neurosteroid that is biosynthesized from progesterone.[1] It is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor,[1] as well as a negative allosteric modulator of the glycine receptor,[2] and is known to have sedative, anxiolytic, anesthetic, and anticonvulsant effects.[1][2][3] It was investigated for clinical use as a general anesthetic, but produced unwanted side effects such as convulsions on occasion, and for this reason was never marketed.[2][4] During pregnancy, pregnanolone and allopregnanolone are involved in sedation and anesthesia of the fetus.[5][6] ...
Loratadine
Substances that act as inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme such as ketoconazole, erythromycin, cimetidine, and furanocoumarin ... of the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of loratadine with concomitant administration of ketoconazole ...
Ketoconazole: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Ketoconazole: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Ketoconazole comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day Take ketoconazole at around the same time every ... Before taking ketoconazole,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to ketoconazole or any other medications or ... Ketoconazole is used to treat fungal infections when other medications are not available or cannot be tolerated. Ketoconazole ...
Ketoconazole Topical: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Ketoconazole Topical: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Ketoconazole cream and shampoos are only for use on the skin or scalp. Do not let ketoconazole cream or shampoo get into your ... Over-the-counter ketoconazole comes as a shampoo to apply to the scalp. Ketoconazole cream is usually applied once a day for 2 ... Continue to use ketoconazole cream even if you are feeling well. If you stop using ketoconazole cream too soon, your infection ...
Ketoconazole Cream (Nizoral) vs. Miconazole (Monistat)
Ketoconazole cream is used to treat jock itch, dandruff, tinea versicolor, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidiomycosis. ... Ketoconazole cream (Nizoral) and miconazole (Monistat) are antifungal medications prescribed to treat fungal infections such as ... Ketoconazole. A small amount of ketoconazole is secreted in breast milk. Nursing mothers should probably avoid breastfeeding ... Ketoconazole. Ketoconazole may be taken with or without food. The oral dose range is 200-400 mg daily. Recurrent tinea ...
Dandrazol 2% shampoo (ketoconazole)
... shampoo contains the active ingredient ketoconazole, which is a type of medicine called an antifungal. It is used to treat skin ... Ketoconazole is used to prevent and treat a number of different types of fungal and yeast infections. Ketoconazole shampoo is ... Dandrazol 2% shampoo (ketoconazole). Dandrazol 2% shampoo contains the active ingredient ketoconazole, which is a type of ... Ketoconazole kills fungi and yeasts by interfering with their cell membranes. It works by stopping the fungi from producing a ...
Ketoconazole Hovid - Drugs.com
A list of US medications equivalent to Ketoconazole Hovid is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Ketoconazole Hovid is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... Ingredient matches for Ketoconazole Hovid. Ketoconazole. Ketoconazole is reported as an ingredient of Ketoconazole Hovid in the ... Ketoconazole Hovid. Ketoconazole Hovid may be available in the countries listed below. ...
Daktarin gold cream (ketoconazole)
Daktarin gold cream contains the active ingredient ketoconazole, which is a type of medicine called an antifungal. It is used ... Daktarin gold cream (ketoconazole). Daktarin gold cream contains the active ingredient ketoconazole, which is a type of ... Ketoconazole kills fungi and yeasts by interfering with their cell membranes. It works by stopping the fungi from producing a ... As ketoconazole causes holes to appear in the cell membranes, essential constituents of the fungal cells can leak out. This ...
Hypothyroidism after treatment with ketoconazole. | The BMJ
Prescriber Checkup | KETOCONAZOLE
DailyMed - KETOCONAZOLE tablet
are allergic to ketoconazole or any of the ingredients in ketoconazole tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a ... Do not use ketoconazole tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give ketoconazole tablets to other ... Ketoconazole has been shown to be excreted in the milk. Mothers who are under treatment with ketoconazole tablets should not ... Take ketoconazole tablets 1 time each day.. *Do not stop taking ketoconazole tablets without first talking to your healthcare ...
Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) | OncoLink
Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) is an anti-fungal medication that can also be used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. ... How to Take Ketoconazole. Ketoconazole is a tablet that should be taken orally (by mouth). The dosage and number of times per ... About: Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) Ketoconazole is typically used as an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections. ... The information provided here focuses on the use of ketoconazole to treat prostate cancer. Ketoconazole can inhibit the ...
ICSC 1700 - KETOCONAZOLE
Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations ...
FDA, EMA Come Down Hard on Oral Ketoconazole
Oral ketoconazole is now indicated only for certain life-threatening fungal infections, known as endemic mycoses, in patients ... In the United States, the FDA is withdrawing the indication of ketoconazole tablets completely for Candida and dermatophyte ... Clinicians should no longer prescribe ketoconazole (Nizoral, Janssen Pharmaceuticals) tablets as a first-line therapy for any ... The agency action coincides with todays recommendation by European Union (EU) drug regulators to withdraw ketoconazole tablets ...
DailyMed - KETOCONAZOLE shampoo, suspension
KETOCONAZOLE (UNII: R9400W927I) (KETOCONAZOLE - UNII:R9400W927I) KETOCONAZOLE. 20.5 mg in 1 mL. ... Ketoconazole is not detected in plasma after chronic shampooing on the scalp. Caution should be exercised when ketoconazole ... KETOCONAZOLE shampoo, suspension. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it into your RSS Reader ... Ketoconazole shampoo, 2% may be irritating to mucous membranes of the eyes and contact with this area should be avoided.. The ...
Ketoconazole & Pimples | Livestrong.com
Ketoconazole also reduces levels of male hormones, or androgens, making it useful for treating certain other health disorders. ... The medication ketoconazole is primarily prescribed to cure fungal infections; it slows the growth of fungi. ... Ketoconazole and Acne. Some research has shown ketoconazole to be effective for acne in women as well. A study published in the ... The medication ketoconazole is primarily prescribed to cure fungal infections; it slows the growth of fungi. Ketoconazole also ...
Ketoconazole - Wikipedia
"Ketoconazole". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. "Ketoconazole". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. "Ketoconazole HRA 200mg ... Ketoconazole is the generic name of the drug and its INN, USAN, BAN, and JAN. Ketoconazole has been marketed under a large ... Ketoconazole, along with miconazole, has been found to act as an antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. Ketoconazole is a ... Ketoconazole is very lipophilic and tends to accumulate in fatty tissues. Ketoconazole is a synthetic imidazole. It is a ...
Ketoconazole News
Oral Ketoconazole in Dermatology: Where Are We Now?Oral Ketoconazole in Dermatology: Where Are We Now?. What does the recent ... Death Risk With Off-Label Oral Ketoconazole Use, FDA Warns Death Risk With Off-Label Oral Ketoconazole Use, FDA Warns. ... EU Looks to Okay Ketoconazole for Use in Cushings SyndromeEU Looks to Okay Ketoconazole for Use in Cushings Syndrome. ... Ketoconazole Cream (Ketoconazole Cream) - updated on RxList. (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs). Source: RxList ...
Ketoconazole vs Ketoconazole Topical Comparison - Drugs.com
ketoconazole topical - Prescribed for Seborrheic Dermatitis, Cutaneous Candidiasis, Dandruff, Tinea Corporis, Tinea Cruris, ... ketoconazole - Prescribed for Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Chromomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis. ... I was given Diflucan and it gave me head pressure so they gave Ketoconazole and its my second/third day on it. I have NOT seen ... doctor prescribed Ketoconazole 2% cream and my skin rash went away. ...
Ketoconazole (Topical Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic
Ketoconazole 1% shampoo is used to treat dandruff.. Ketoconazole 2% shampoo is used to treat "sun fungus" (tinea versicolor; ... Ketoconazole is used to treat infections caused by a fungus or yeast. It works by killing the fungus or yeast or preventing its ... Apply enough ketoconazole gel to cover the affected and surrounding skin areas, and rub in gently with your fingertips. ... Ketoconazole foam or gel is used to treat seborrheic dermatitis (scaly areas on your skin or scalp). ...
Ketoconazole (Topical Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:. ...
KETOCONAZOLE - ORAL (Nizoral) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug KETOCONAZOLE - ORAL. ... GENERIC NAME: KETOCONAZOLE - ORAL (kee-toe-CON-uh-zole). BRAND ... Consumer information about the medication KETOCONAZOLE - ORAL (Nizoral), includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended ... Ketoconazole belongs to the class of drugs called azole antifungals. It works by stopping the growth of the fungus.Ketoconazole ... take ketoconazole at least 2 hours before or 1 hour after taking the antacid, otherwise ketoconazole may not be absorbed into ...
Search of: ketoconazole - Results on Map - ClinicalTrials.gov
Hints: Click on a [map] link to show a map of that region. Click on a [studies] link to search within your current results for studies in that region. Use the back button to return to this list and try another region. Studies with no locations are not included in the counts or on the map. Studies with multiple locations are included in each region containing locations ...
Ketoconazole Topical Cream 2pct Drug Medication Dosage Information
Ketoconazole (Nizoral): Side Effects, Dosages, Treatment, Interactions, Warnings
Ketoconazole is used to treat certain serious fungal infections in the body. Learn about side effects, drug interactions, ... Ketoconazole is used to treat certain serious fungal infections in the body. Ketoconazole belongs to the class of drugs called ... Generic Name: ketoconazole. Drug Class: Antifungals. What Is Ketoconazole and How Does It Work?. ... This medication contains ketoconazole. Do not take Nizoral if you are allergic to ketoconazole or any ingredients contained in ...
Ketoconazole - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) - NCBI Bookshelf
However, if oral ketoconazole is required by the mother, it may not be a reason to discontinue breastfeeding.[1] Taking the ... sleep period or avoiding breastfeeding from 2 to 5 hours after the dose might decrease the infants exposure to ketoconazole. ... Because there is little published experience with ketoconazole during breastfeeding and its potential liver enzyme inhibition ... Maternal Levels. A mother who was 1 month postpartum took ketoconazole 200 mg orally for 10 days. A peak ketoconazole milk ...
Ketoconazole | 65277-42-1 | Sigma-Aldrich
Ketoconazole has been used as a cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor to study its functions in embryonic testes of rats ; Chemical ... Ketoconazole ((±)-cis-1-Acetyl-4-(4-[(2-[2,4-dichlorophenyl]-2-[1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl]-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-methoxy]phenyl) ... Ketoconazole Synonym: (±)-cis-. 1-. Acetyl-. 4-. (4-. [(2-. [2,4-. dichlorophenyl]. -. 2-. [1H-. imidazol-. 1-. ylmethyl]. -. 1 ... Ketoconazole has been used as a cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor to study its functions in embryonic testes of rats. ...
Ketoconazole- My dog won't stop throwing up - Dogs - MedHelp
Our vet prescribed Ketoconazole for a potential fungal in... ... Our vet prescribed Ketoconazole for a potential fungal ... The second reason, however, is the (slightly) more important one and that is that ketoconazole can ONLY be utilized by dogs by ... or give them something to control the nausea in the event that ketoconazole is the only antifungal they can use on whatever it ...
Response of scalp psoriasis to oral ketoconazole. - PubMed - NCBI
ketoconazole topical
... is also used to treat a fungal infection called pityriasis, which causes scaly discolored patches on the ... Ketoconazole topical (for the skin) is an antifungal medicine used to treat infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ... What is ketoconazole topical?. Ketoconazole topical (for the skin) is an antifungal medicine used to treat infections such as ... What should I avoid while using ketoconazole topical?. Do not get this medicine in your eyes. If contact does occur, rinse with ...
Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) for Cats and Dogs - PetPlace
Uses of Ketoconazole for Dogs and Cats. * Ketoconazole is used in both dogs and cats to treat infections caused by fungi. These ... Overview of Ketoconazole for Cats and Dogs. *Ketoconazole, commonly known by the brand name Nizoral®, is used in cats and dogs ... Ketoconazole is available as a 200 mg tablet. Dosing Information of Ketoconazole for Dogs and Cats. * Medication should never ... Ketoconazole may cause vomiting, diarrhea and decreased appetite.. * Ketoconazole has caused changes in the hair coat of ...
ketoconazole topical Reviews and User Ratings: Effectiveness, Ease of Use, and Satisfaction
NizoralTopicalTabletsAdministration of ketoconazoleMedicationTake ketoconazole200mgEvaluated the effects of ketoconazoleTherapeuticDosageCreamOralProstate cancerTabletDandruffSerious fungal infectionsInhibitorStop taking ketocInteract with ketoconazoleScalpFungiAdrenalDosesTineaHydrocortisoneDose ketoconazoleApply ketoconazoleAntifungal medicineOrallyInfectionsAntifungalsImidazoleSide effectsFluconazoleLiverItraconazolePrescription ketoconazole shampooMedicationsInfectionYeastPatientsPharmacistRisk of hepatotoxicOverdose of ketoconazoleSuggest that ketoconazoleInhibits the growthNauseaInteractionsTreatmentDogsSynthesisActive ingredientClinicalAllergicPharmacokinetics
Nizoral38
- Miconazole is an antifungal medication related to fluconazole (Diflucan), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), and clotrimazole (Lotrimin, Mycelex). (medicinenet.com)
- Nizoral (Ketoconazole) is an antifungal medicine. (propublica.org)
- Clinicians should no longer prescribe ketoconazole ( Nizoral , Janssen Pharmaceuticals) tablets as a first-line therapy for any fungal infection because of the risk for severe liver injury, adrenal insufficiency, and adverse drug interactions, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced today. (medscape.com)
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking several actions related to Nizoral (ketoconazole) oral tablets, including limiting the drug 's use, warning that it can cause severe liver injuries and adrenal gland problems and advising that it can lead to harmful drug interactions with other medications. (medworm.com)
- Ketoconazole, commonly known by the brand name Nizoral®, is used in cats and dogs to treat infections caused by fungi. (petplace.com)
- Ketoconazole ( Nizoral ) is an approved anti-fungal drug. (aidsmap.com)
- Nizoral (ketoconazole, keto) is an older drug that has been used as a part of hormone therapy (ADT) for many years. (malecare.org)
- Ketoconazole was initially marketed as Nizoral by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, but has since lost patent protection and is produced in generic form. (sbwire.com)
- And at second, if you have to make a choice between Minxodili 2% and Nizoral (2% Ketoconazole) and Dr Regenepure (1% Ketoconazole). (hairlosstalk.com)
- What is Nizoral /Ketoconazole used for? (doctorsolve.com)
- How should Nizoral /Ketoconazole be stored? (doctorsolve.com)
- Nizoral (ketoconazole) is taken with food. (doctorsolve.com)
- When your symptoms improve, continue taking Nizoral (ketoconazole) for the entire time it is prescribed to you because your infection may not have been treated completely as soon as you notice your symptoms improved. (doctorsolve.com)
- Nizoral (ketoconazole) does not treat viral infections such as a common cold or flu. (doctorsolve.com)
- Patients taking Nizoral (ketoconazole) will need to have regular liver function and blood tests to ensure the medication is not causing harmful effects to you. (doctorsolve.com)
- When should Nizoral /Ketoconazole not be taken? (doctorsolve.com)
- Do not use Nizoral (ketoconazole) if you are allergic to Ketoconazole or are also taking triazolam (Halcion). (doctorsolve.com)
- When taking Nizoral (ketoconazole), avoid drinking alcohol because it can cause unpleasant side effects. (doctorsolve.com)
- What is NIZORAL Ketoconazole Shampoo? (ringsidereport.com)
- Nizoral Ketoconazole Shampoo is a doctor recommended shampoo. (ringsidereport.com)
- The side effects of NIZORAL Ketoconazole Shampoo is very rare. (ringsidereport.com)
- Ketoconazole(Nizoral) generic Nizral is an anti-fungal agent, prescribed for jock itch, athlete's foot and other infections. (medindia.net)
- Ketoconazole, sold under trade names such as Nizoral®, Sebizole®, Ketomed®, and Fungarest®, is an antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. (cerilliant.com)
- How Come Nizoral/ketoconazole Isn't More Popular? (hairlosstalk.com)
- Generic drug Ketoconazole is considered just as safe and effective as its brand-name equivalents such as Nizoral and Daktagold. (internationaldrugmart.com)
- Did you know that buying the generic drug Ketoconazole from IDM is much cheaper than buying the Nizoral or Daktagold brand drug? (internationaldrugmart.com)
- Ketoconazole (nizoral) wrapping 200 mg 10 amount of packaging. (soxanddawgs.com)
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- The primary efficacy endpoint is to determine whether a new formulation of ketoconazole 2% cream is equivalent (or as effective) as the current formulation of ketoconazole 2% cream (Nizoral) compared to a placebo cream in achieving a mycological cure (defined as negative KOH microscopy and negative mycological culture) following 4 weeks of treatment. (bioportfolio.com)
- Ketoconazole, sold under the brand name Nizoral among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections. (wikipedia.org)
Topical24
- They do not apply to topical formulations of ketoconazole in creams, shampoos, foams, and gels. (medscape.com)
- Ketoconazole shampoo, 2%, is a red-orange liquid for topical application, containing the broad spectrum synthetic antifungal agent ketoconazole in a concentration of 2% in an aqueous suspension. (nih.gov)
- Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of ketoconazole topical in children younger than 12 years of age. (mayoclinic.org)
- Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of ketoconazole topical in the elderly. (mayoclinic.org)
- Use of ketoconazole shampoo or topical use on the skin by the mother poses little or no risk to the breastfed infant. (nih.gov)
- What is the most important information I should know about ketoconazole topical? (healthwise.net)
- Ketoconazole topical (for the skin) is an antifungal medicine used to treat infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and seborrhea (dry, flaking skin or dandruff). (healthwise.net)
- Ketoconazole topical is also used to treat a fungal infection called pityriasis, which causes scaly discolored patches on the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. (healthwise.net)
- Ketoconazole topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (healthwise.net)
- What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using ketoconazole topical? (healthwise.net)
- You should not breast-feed while using ketoconazole topical. (healthwise.net)
- How should I apply ketoconazole topical? (healthwise.net)
- Store ketoconazole topical at room temperature. (healthwise.net)
- An overdose of ketoconazole topical is not expected to be dangerous. (healthwise.net)
- What should I avoid while using ketoconazole topical? (healthwise.net)
- Avoid using other medications on the areas you treat with ketoconazole topical unless your doctor tells you to. (healthwise.net)
- Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of ketoconazole topical. (webmd.com)
- Comparative study of oral and topical ketoconazole therapy in pityriasis versicolor. (biomedsearch.com)
- INTRODUCTION: Both topical and systemic ketoconazole are reported to be effective against pityriasis versicolor. (biomedsearch.com)
- Relapse occurred in two patients of the systemic ketoconazole group and six patients of the topical ketoconazole group during the follow-up period of three months. (biomedsearch.com)
- Recently topical use of 2% Ketoconazole solution has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on androgenic alopecia. (hindawi.com)
- These mice were divided into four groups each of five treated with topical application of ethanol 95%, Ketoconazole solution 2%, Minoxidil solution 5%, and Minoxidil with Tretinoin solution 0.1%, respectively. (hindawi.com)
- Ketoconazole is also available in topical forms - a gel, cream, foam, and shampoo - to treat forms of dermatitis and fungal infections of the skin. (rxwiki.com)
- Topical ketoconazole is also used as a treatment for dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp) and for seborrheic dermatitis on other areas of the body, perhaps acting in these conditions by suppressing levels of the fungus Malassezia furfur on the skin. (wikipedia.org)
Tablets23
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to ketoconazole or any other medications or any of the ingredients in ketoconazole tablets. (medlineplus.gov)
- Because ketoconazole tablets have been associated with serious adverse reactions (see WARNINGS section), ketoconazole tablets are not indicated for treatment of onychomycosis, cutaneous dermatophyte infections, or Candida infections. (nih.gov)
- Ketoconazole tablets should be used only when other effective antifungal therapy is not available or tolerated and the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential risks. (nih.gov)
- Ketoconazole tablets, USP is a synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal agent available in scored white tablets, each containing 200 mg ketoconazole base for oral administration. (nih.gov)
- Absorption of ketoconazole tablets is reduced in subjects with reduced gastric acidity, such as subjects taking medications known as acid neutralizing medicines (e.g. aluminum hydroxide) and gastric acid secretion suppressors (e.g. (nih.gov)
- Absorption of ketoconazole under fasted conditions in these subjects is increased when ketoconazole tablets are administered with an acidic beverage (such as non-diet cola). (nih.gov)
- Following absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, ketoconazole tablets are converted into several inactive metabolites. (nih.gov)
- The agency action coincides with today's recommendation by European Union (EU) drug regulators to withdraw ketoconazole tablets from EU national markets. (medscape.com)
- In the United States, the FDA is withdrawing the indication of ketoconazole tablets completely for Candida and dermatophyte infections. (medscape.com)
- The FDA instructs clinicians not to prescribe ketoconazole tablets for any patients with underlying liver disease. (medscape.com)
- 05-19-2016] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning health care professionals to avoid prescribing the antifungal medicine ketoconazole oral tablets to treat skin and nail fungal infections. (medworm.com)
- In the event of the product becoming temporarily unavailable please consider licenced alternative options such as Ketoconazole HRA® (ketoconazole tablets 200 mg). (medworm.com)
- Ketoconazole is available as 200 mg scored tablets (sold per tablet) and requires a prescription from your veterinarian. (1800petmeds.com)
- Silver Spring, MD- The FDA is reminding healthcare professionals to avoid prescribing ketoconazole oral tablets to treat skin and nail fungal infections. (uspharmacist.com)
- Healthcare professionals should use ketoconazole tablets to treat serious fungal infections only when no other antifungal therapies are available. (uspharmacist.com)
- Ketoconazole comes as tablets or as a suspension. (aidsmap.com)
- Ketoconazole 200 mg, 1 Tablets is antifungal medication used to treat yeast infections, ringworm, and other fungal infections in dogs and cats. (vetdepot.com)
- Ketoconazole 200 mg tablets are administered orally every 12 to 24 hours. (petcarerx.com)
- Taking Ketoconazole 200 mg tablets in divided doses and given with food can reduce the side effects above. (petcarerx.com)
- Ketoconazole tablets can also cause dizziness and drowsiness. (rxwiki.com)
- Ketoconazole tablets are not for people with fungal nail infections. (rxwiki.com)
- Ketoconazole Tablets for Dogs is used to control fungal infections, some yeast infections and ringworm in dogs. (valleyvet.com)
- Ketoconazole Tablets may also be useful in the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Disease). (valleyvet.com)
Administration of ketoconazole3
- When ketoconazole was administered with non-diet cola after pretreatment with omeprazole, the bioavailability was 65% of that after administration of ketoconazole alone. (nih.gov)
- Eye problems (cataracts) have been associated with administration of ketoconazole in dogs. (petplace.com)
- There are two different dosage levels used for the administration of Ketoconazole (Keto), a commonly used 2nd line hormone deprivation drug used after the failure of the traditional drugs (Lupron, Zoladex etc. (malecare.org)
Medication16
- Your doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet (Medication Guide) when you begin treatment with ketoconazole and each time you refill your prescription. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not let ketoconazole cream or shampoo get into your eyes or mouth, and do not swallow the medication. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole cream is an antifungal medication in the same family of drugs as fluconazole ( Diflucan ), itraconazole ( Sporanox ), and miconazole (Micatin, Monistat). (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole is typically used as an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections. (oncolink.org)
- Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start taking ketoconazole and each time you get a refill. (medicinenet.com)
- This medication may be taken with or without food, but taking it with food helps to reduce stomach upset.If you are taking an antacid, take ketoconazole at least 2 hours before or 1 hour after taking the antacid, otherwise ketoconazole may not be absorbed into the body. (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication that blocks the formation of cortisol in the adrenal glands and for that reason is used in the treatment of Cushing's disease. (1800petmeds.com)
- Ketoconazole is an antifungal antibiotic medication. (internationaldrugmart.com)
- If your physician has instructed or directed you to use Ketoconazole medication in a regular schedule and you have missed a dose of this medicine, use it as soon as you remember. (internationaldrugmart.com)
- Ketoconazole 200 mg is an FDA-approved antifungal medication for cats and dogs, and an active ingredient that is used to treat internal and external serious fungal infections. (petcarerx.com)
- Ketoconazole 200 mg is a medication with one active ingredient - itself. (petcarerx.com)
- Ketoconazole is both an over-the-counter and a prescription medication. (rxwiki.com)
- Ketoconazole is a prescription medication used to treat fungal infections, including the following: blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis for patients in which other treatments have failed or who are intolerant to other therapies. (rxwiki.com)
- Although ketoconazole foam is unlikely to cause dangerous reactions, it is important to seek medical attention if you are using this medication and develop signs of an allergic reaction or intolerable skin reactions. (emedtv.com)
- First made in 1977, ketoconazole was the first orally-active azole antifungal medication. (wikipedia.org)
- However, ketoconazole has largely been replaced as a first-line systemic antifungal medication by other azole antifungal agents, such as itraconazole, because of ketoconazole's greater toxicity, poorer absorption, and more limited spectrum of activity. (wikipedia.org)
Take ketoconazole6
- It is usually taken once a day Take ketoconazole at around the same time every day. (medlineplus.gov)
- Take ketoconazole exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- You may need to take ketoconazole for 6 months or longer to cure your infection completely. (medlineplus.gov)
- Continue to take ketoconazole until your doctor tells you that you should stop, even if you feel better. (medlineplus.gov)
- H2-antagonists or proton pump inhibitors) should take ketoconazole along with a cola beverage. (medbroadcast.com)
- Take Ketoconazole tablet with food. (internationaldrugmart.com)
200mg3
- 64 patients with type 2 diabetes, per 100 g of dry weight ( ketoconazole discount cheapest cheapest ketoconazole deals cheap ketoconazole 200 mg per day cheapest ketoconazole drug buy pink ketoconazole buy ketoconazole legally no prescription from canada ketoconazole 200mg buy online uk buy ketoconazole yahoo answers While doctors and many other health practitioners will be a source of helpful tips and resources, What Does Alopecia Mean? (gravatar.com)
- Ketoconazole, Hydrocortisone and Dutasteride Ketoconazole: 200mg orally three times a day on an empty stomach. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Ketoconazole 200mg. (empr.com)
Evaluated the effects of ketoconazole1
- A study published in the August 1990 issue of the 'Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,' for instance, evaluated the effects of ketoconazole in 17 women with acne, as well as for women experiencing hirsutism. (livestrong.com)
Therapeutic5
- Ketoconazole has therapeutic effects against dermatophytosis, superficial candidiasis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Viagra and ketoconazole interaction - Although recommendations for patient specific detailed therapeutic plan c monitoring parameters to determine which treatments for psoriasis. (roanokechowan.edu)
- Ketoconazole is routinely assigned therapeutic drug monitoring due to its high toxicity and narrow therapeutic range. (cerilliant.com)
- This Certified Spiking Solution® is suitable as starting material for calibrators, controls, or linearity standards for therapeutic drug monitoring or clinical and diagnostic testing of ketoconazole in patient blood, serum, or plasma samples by HPLC or LC-MS/MS. (cerilliant.com)
- Loratadine 10 mg daily was devoid of any effects on electrocardiographic parameters when coadministered for 10 days with therapeutic doses of ketoconazole or cimetidine in healthy volunteers. (nih.gov)
Dosage10
- What is the dosage of ketoconazole vs. miconazole? (medicinenet.com)
- The dosage and number of times per day you should take it varies depending upon the reason you are taking ketoconazole. (oncolink.org)
- A peak ketoconazole milk level of 220 mcg/L occurred 3.25 hours after the dose and the average milk level was 68 mcg/L. The authors calculated that an exclusively breastfed infant would ingest an average of 0.01 mg/kg daily or about 0.4% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a maximum of 0.033 mg/kg daily or about 1.4% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage. (nih.gov)
- Despite lowering the warfarin dosage by 35% during the start of high dose ketoconazole, an additional dose reduction was required subsequently when the INR rose from 2.62 to 3.82 within nine days. (hindawi.com)
- Due to the inhibition of warfarin metabolism by ketoconazole, patients taking high dose ketoconazole concomitantly with warfarin may need their warfarin dosage reduced by more than is currently recommended, as well as receive more frequent INR monitoring to avoid over anticoagulation. (hindawi.com)
- One of the dosage forms available for Ketoconazole is Capsule. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
- Ketoconazole is also available in these dosage forms. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
- What is the recommended dosage of Ketoconazole? (internationaldrugmart.com)
- The dosage of Ketoconazole prescribed to each patient will vary. (internationaldrugmart.com)
- Ketoconazole Cream maximum dosage. (fashematics.com)
Cream57
- Prescription ketoconazole comes as a cream and a shampoo to apply to the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole cream is usually applied once a day for 2 to 6 weeks. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are using ketoconazole cream, your symptoms should improve at the beginning of your treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- Continue to use ketoconazole cream even if you are feeling well. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you stop using ketoconazole cream too soon, your infection may not be completely cured and your symptoms may return. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole cream and shampoos are only for use on the skin or scalp. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you do get ketoconazole cream or shampoo in your eyes, wash them with plenty of water. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole cream and prescription shampoo are also sometimes used to treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (condition that causes flaking of the skin). (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole cream is sometimes used to treat tinea manuum (fungal infection of the skin on the hands). (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole cream is also sometimes used with other medications to treat skin conditions that are often worsened by fungal infection such as diaper rash, eczema (skin irritation caused by allergies), impetigo (blisters caused by a bacterial infection), and psoriasis (a lifelong skin condition). (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole cream vs. miconazole: What's the difference? (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole cream and miconazole are antifungal medications prescribed to treat fungal infections such as athlete's foot and ringworm . (medicinenet.com)
- What is ketoconazole cream? (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole cream is prescribed to treat fungal infections such as ringworm , jock itch , athlete's foot, dandruff , and tinea versicolor . (medicinenet.com)
- For Seborrheic Dermatitis Doctors have been prescibing different creams for the better part of 20 years ,My first and new V.A. doctor prescribed Ketoconazole 2% cream and my skin rash went away. (drugs.com)
- Clean and dry the skin before applying ketoconazole cream, foam, or gel . (healthwise.net)
- MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients suffering from pityriasis versicolor were treated either with oral ketoconazole 200 mg per day or 2% ketoconazole cream topically once daily for 2 weeks. (biomedsearch.com)
- In the ketoconazole cream group, 16 (80%) out of 20 patients were cured and 4 patients had considerable residual disease. (biomedsearch.com)
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- Approximately 548 patients who have symptomatic uncomplicated interdigital Tinea pedis confirmed by positive potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy (examination using a microscope) and mycological (fungal) culture will be randomized to receive 1 of 2 formulations of ketoconazole 2% cream (formulation F012 or F126) or placebo cream. (bioportfolio.com)
- Patients will be provided with up to two 15g tubes of ketoconazole cream (formulation F126 or F012) or matching placebo cream and be instructed to apply cream sparingly to affected areas of the feet once daily at night or in the evening for 4 weeks according to protocol specified guidelines. (bioportfolio.com)
- This is a non-inferiority, Phase III, open-label, randomized, parallel trial to evaluate the new intervention Dapaconazole cream 2% versus Ketoconazole cream 2% in patients with Tinea pedi. (bioportfolio.com)
- To study efficacy (total numbers of acne reduction) and safety of 2% Ketoconazole cream in Thai females with Mild degree Post-Adolescence acne comparing with placebo for a period of 12 wee. (bioportfolio.com)
Oral20
- Serious hepatotoxicity, including cases with a fatal outcome or requiring liver transplantation has occurred with the use of oral ketoconazole. (nih.gov)
- For example, ketoconazole can increase the plasma concentration of oral midazolam (Versed), triazolam (Halcion), and alprazolam (Xanax), which can increase the severity of lethargy commonly caused by these medications. (oncolink.org)
- Oral ketoconazole is now indicated only for certain life-threatening fungal infections, known as endemic mycoses, in patients who fail to respond to other treatments or who cannot tolerate them. (medscape.com)
- Cite this: FDA, EMA Come Down Hard on Oral Ketoconazole - Medscape - Jul 26, 2013. (medscape.com)
- However, if oral ketoconazole is required by the mother, it may not be a reason to discontinue breastfeeding. (nih.gov)
- Response of scalp psoriasis to oral ketoconazole. (nih.gov)
- A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study showed improvement of scalp psoriasis with oral ketoconazole, although the study had to be stopped before completion because of the possibility of drug toxicity. (nih.gov)
- Despite a 2013 warning that this antifungal can cause serious liver damage and adrenal gland problems, a recent FDA safety review found that oral ketoconazole continues to be prescribed for these types of conditions. (uspharmacist.com)
- Since ketoconazole is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the liver, it can increase concentrations and potentiate the effects of some drugs, such as cyclosporine, phenytoin, oral hypoglycemics, and oral anticoagulants [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This study will aim to describe objective tumor responses to the combination of oral calcitriol and ketoconazole and hydrocortisone-among patients with measurable disease using modified RECIST 1.1 criteria. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Additionally, we will determine toxicities, and tolerability of oral calcitriol combination with daily oral ketoconazole, and hydrocortisone in this patient population. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- RESULTS: On global assessment, after 2 weeks of start of therapy, 18 (90%) out of 20 patients treated with oral ketoconazole were cured while 2 patients had considerable residual disease. (biomedsearch.com)
- Do this, check your testosterone levels, take oral ketoconazole for 2 weeks, then check your testosterone levels and tell us. (hairlosstalk.com)
- A single oral dose of 400 mg ketoconazole , a broad-spectrum antifungal drug, administered orally to 5 young men induced a drop in serum and saliva testosterone into the range of hypogonadism , while LH, FSH and prolactin levels remained unchanged. (hairlosstalk.com)
- Ketoconazole 200 mg is administered one to two times daily oral tablet. (petcarerx.com)
- In animal fertility studies, oral ketoconazole impaired both male and female fertility in rats in a dose and duration dependent manner. (soxanddawgs.com)
- Large oral doses of ketoconazole (the active ingredient in ketoconazole foam) can cause liver problems and hormonal imbalances, although these problems have not been seen with ketoconazole products applied to the skin like ketoconazole foam. (emedtv.com)
- Ketoconazole shampoo in conjunction with an oral 5α-reductase inhibitor such as finasteride or dutasteride has been used off label to treat androgenic alopecia. (wikipedia.org)
- Oral ketoconazole has various contraindications, such as concomitant use with certain other drugs due to known drug interactions. (wikipedia.org)
- Other contraindications of oral ketoconazole include liver disease, adrenal insufficiency, and known hypersensitivity to oral ketoconazole. (wikipedia.org)
Prostate cancer14
- High doses of ketoconazole are sometimes used to treat Cushing syndrome (a condition that occurs when there is too much corticosteroid hormone in the body) and advanced prostate cancer (cancer of a male reproductive gland). (medlineplus.gov)
- The information provided here focuses on the use of ketoconazole to treat prostate cancer. (oncolink.org)
- Because of the anti-androgen effects of ketoconazole, some doctors prescribe it for off-label uses, such as treating prostate cancer, high blood levels of cortisol and excessive hair growth in women, known as hirsutism. (livestrong.com)
- A 59-year-old man treated with warfarin for aortic valve replacement was prescribed high-dose ketoconazole and hydrocortisone for the treatment of prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
- In addition, ketoconazole has been shown to have direct cell killing action on prostate cancer cells [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- No prior ketoconazole, abiraterone, aminoglutethimide or corticosteroids for treatment of progressive prostate cancer. (knowcancer.com)
- It has always been assumed that Ketoconazole, when used for the treatment of men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), would not be as potent as abiraterone (Zytiga), but there has never been any head to head comparison to demonstrate this assumption! (malecare.org)
- Some men with advanced prostate cancer have been given the antifungal treatment Ketoconazole (Keto) as a second line hormone treatment. (malecare.org)
- Zytiga (abiraterone acetate) and Ketoconazole (keto) are both widely used in prostate cancer therapy to treat men with advanced prostate cancer. (malecare.org)
- The use of Ketoconazole (Keto) in men with advanced prostate cancer is not considered mainstream, however there is clear evidence that it does reduce PSA in men with castrate resistant prostate cancer. (malecare.org)
- OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the clinical benefit of two combination chemotherapy regimens, paclitaxel, etoposide, and estramustine vs ketoconazole, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and estramustine in patients with androgen independent prostate cancer, as measured by prostate specific antigen (PSA)-based response rate, time to progression, and overall survival. (knowcancer.com)
- Prospective evaluation of low-dose ketoconazole plus hydrocortisone in docetaxel pre-treated castration-resistant prostate cancer patients Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases advance online publication, February 10 2015. (medworm.com)
- Based on these antiandrogen and antiglucocorticoid effects, ketoconazole has been used with some success as a second-line treatment for certain forms of advanced prostate cancer and for the suppression of glucocorticoid synthesis in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- Ketoconazole has been used to prevent the testosterone flare at the initiation of GnRH agonist therapy in men with prostate cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Tablet5
- Ketoconazole comes as a tablet to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole is a tablet that should be taken orally (by mouth). (oncolink.org)
- Ketoconazole is available as a 200 mg tablet. (petplace.com)
- Each round, white-to-slightly-grey, flat-faced, bevelled-edged tablet, engraved 'APO-200' above the partial bisect on one side and plain on the other, contains ketoconazole 200 mg. (medbroadcast.com)
- Ketoconazole tablet is used to treat a variety of fungal infections such as blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, and candidiasis of the skin or mouth. (internationaldrugmart.com)
Dandruff9
- Over-the-counter ketoconazole shampoo is used to control flaking, scaling, and itching of the scalp caused by dandruff. (medlineplus.gov)
- Over-the-counter ketoconazole shampoo is usually used every 3 to 4 days for up to 8 weeks, and then used as needed to control dandruff. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are using over-the-counter ketoconazole shampoo to treat dandruff, your symptoms should improve during the first 2 to 4 weeks of your treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole 1% shampoo is used to treat dandruff. (mayoclinic.org)
- Ketoconazole reduces dandruff by reducing fungus and inflammation. (ringsidereport.com)
- The ketoconazole of this shampoo reduces dandruff by killing fungus from the scalp. (ringsidereport.com)
- Ketoconazole may not be effective at treating every variety of dandruff. (dslaboratories.com)
- The myrtus communis L. solution versus ketoconazole shampoo in treatment of dandruff: A double blinded randomized clinical trial. (bioportfolio.com)
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of myrtus communis L. solution in the treatment of dandruff and to compare it with ketoconazole. (bioportfolio.com)
Serious fungal infections2
- See also Warning section.Ketoconazole is used to treat certain serious fungal infections in the body. (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole is used to treat serious fungal infections, as well as skin conditions and infections. (rxwiki.com)
Inhibitor8
- After pretreatment with omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, the bioavailability of a single 200 mg dose of ketoconazole under fasted conditions was decreased to 17% of the bioavailability of ketoconazole administered alone. (nih.gov)
- Ketoconazole causes an increase in the levels of most protease inhibitors, as it is an inhibitor of the CYP3A4 enzyme. (aidsmap.com)
- Consequently, we have shown that activated orphan nuclear receptors controlling drug metabolism may be inactivated by ketoconazole, a known inhibitor of CYP450 and UGT1A enzyme activity. (aacrjournals.org)
- We investigated the effects of ketoconazole, a p-glycoprotein inhibitor, and rifampicin, a p-glycoprotein inducer, on the pharmacokinetics of nintedanib. (bioportfolio.com)
- Inhibitor constant values generated for dextropropoxyphene (3.5 μM), fluconazole (202 μM), ketoconazole (0.66 μM), and methadone (0.32 μM) predicted 1.60- to 3.66-fold increases in the area under the drug plasma concentration-time curve ratio for COD in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
- Inhibition of desipramine hydroxylation in vitro by serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor antidepressants, and by quinidine and ketoconazole: a model system to predict drug interactions in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
- Ketoconazole was a much less potent inhibitor (mean Ki = 10.3 microM). (aspetjournals.org)
- To further elucidate the role of CYP3A- and ABCB1-mediated elimination pathways for docetaxel we investigated the effect of the potent CYP3A-inhibitor, and also ABCB1-inhibitor, ketoconazole on the fecal and urinary disposition of docetaxel in cancer patients. (eur.nl)
Stop taking ketoc2
- Do not stop taking ketoconazole without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you stop taking ketoconazole too soon, your infection may come back after a short time. (medlineplus.gov)
Interact with ketoconazole2
- What drugs interact with ketoconazole and miconazole? (medicinenet.com)
- Consult with your veterinarian to determine if other drugs your pet is receiving could interact with ketoconazole. (petplace.com)
Scalp5
- Over-the-counter ketoconazole comes as a shampoo to apply to the scalp. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not use ketoconazole shampoo if your scalp is broken or irritated. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole foam or gel is used to treat seborrheic dermatitis (scaly areas on your skin or scalp). (mayoclinic.org)
- Ketoconazole is too weak of an antiandrogen and doesn't stay on the scalp long enough to help for hair loss, and minoxidil is a growth stimulant, it won't treat the cause of male pattern baldness. (hairlosstalk.com)
- It was speculated that antifungal properties of ketoconazole reduce scalp microflora and consequently may reduce follicular inflammation that contributes to alopecia. (wikipedia.org)
Fungi4
- Ketoconazole kills fungi and yeasts by interfering with their cell membranes. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Ketoconazole belongs to a class of drugs called antifungals, which work by slowing the growth of fungi that cause infection. (rxwiki.com)
- Ketoconazole has activity against many kinds of fungi that may cause human disease, such as Candida, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, and Blastomyces (although it is not active against Aspergillus), chromomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis. (wikipedia.org)
- While ketoconazole blocks the synthesis of the sterol ergosterol in fungi, in humans, at high dosages (>800 mg/day), it potently inhibits the activity of several enzymes necessary for the conversion of cholesterol to steroid hormones such as testosterone and cortisol. (wikipedia.org)
Adrenal6
- headache , vision changes, mental/ mood changes (such as depression , thoughts of suicide ).Although unlikely, when ketoconazole is used at high doses, it may cause an adrenal gland problem ( adrenal insufficiency ), a decrease in testosterone levels, and a decrease in sperm production. (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole can also worsen existing adrenal gland function problems (See also Precautions section). (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole suppresses hormone synthesis and has been used to treat conditions associated with excessive production of the hormone cortisone from the adrenal gland such as hyperadrenocorticism ( Cushing's Disease ). (petplace.com)
- Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative antifungal, which also has testosterone lowering effects by decreasing testicular and adrenal production of androgens by inhibiting adrenal and gonadal steroid syntheses. (hindawi.com)
- In dogs, Ketoconazole can be used to treat Cushing's Disease by blocking cortisol production in the adrenal glands. (vetdepot.com)
- Ketoconazole inhibits the cytochrome P450 14-α-demethylase (P45014DM), the C-17, 20-lyase and the C-17-α-hydroxylase, and consequently the adrenal androgen synthesis. (urotoday.com)
Doses2
- Ketoconazole inhibitory effects on steroid biosynthesis are seen only at high-doses [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are ketoconazole pura d or the medicine. (soxanddawgs.com)
Tinea3
- Prescription ketoconazole shampoo is used to treat tinea versicolor. (medlineplus.gov)
- One treatment with prescription ketoconazole shampoo may successfully treat your tinea versicolor infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Topically administered ketoconazole is usually prescribed for fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes, such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (yeast infection or thrush), jock itch, and tinea versicolor. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrocortisone2
- Patients receive calcitriol (10mcg QD X3 weekly) in addition to ketoconazole (400mg QD) and hydrocortisone (20mg AM, 10 mg PM). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- To evaluate the proportion of patients who have achieved a response to ketoconazole with hydrocortisone and then, following progression achieved a second >30% decline in PSA upon receiving dexamethasone along with ketoconazole. (knowcancer.com)
Dose ketoconazole5
- This case describes the increased anticoagulation effect associated with the use of high-dose ketoconazole. (hindawi.com)
- The Naranjo probability scale revealed a probable adverse reaction of increased anticoagulant effect associated with high dose ketoconazole. (hindawi.com)
- Alternatives to AD are secondary hormonal interventions such as high-dose ketoconazole (HDK), aminoglutethimide, or diethylstilbestrol [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Recently, I received two separate questions about both low dose ketoconazole (LDK) and high dose ketoconacole (HDK). (malecare.org)
- This phase II study reports a mono institutional experience on the use of continuous low- dose ketoconazole in patients with CRPC who received (or not) docetaxel as first-line chemotherapy. (urotoday.com)
Apply ketoconazole2
- Use a small amount of water to wet your skin in the area where you will apply ketoconazole shampoo. (medlineplus.gov)
- Apply Ketoconazole onto the affected skin once or twice a day. (internationaldrugmart.com)
Antifungal medicine1
- KETOCONAZOLE (kee toe KON na zole) is an antifungal medicine. (cvs.com)
Orally4
- A mother who was 1 month postpartum took ketoconazole 200 mg orally for 10 days. (nih.gov)
- A mother taking ketoconazole 200 mg orally for 10 days noticed no adverse effects in her breastfed 1-month-old infant. (nih.gov)
- Methods: Fifteen patients were treated with docetaxel (100 mg/m2), followed 3 weeks later by a reduced dose in combination with orally administered ketoconazole, or vice versa. (eur.nl)
- Ketoconazole is used orally in dosages of 200 to 400 mg per day in the treatment of superficial and deep fungal infections. (wikipedia.org)
Infections11
- Ketoconazole should only be used to treat fungal infections when other medications are not available or cannot be tolerated. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole should not be used to treat fungal meningitis (infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord caused by a fungus) or fungal nail infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole is used to prevent and treat a number of different types of fungal and yeast infections. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- The main use of ketoconazole is treating fungal infections that can spread through the bloodstream. (livestrong.com)
- Ketoconazole is used to treat infections caused by a fungus or yeast. (mayoclinic.org)
- It works by stopping the growth of the fungus.Ketoconazole should not be used to treat fungal infections in the brain or on the skin and nails.OTHER This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole should not be used to treat fungal infections on the skin and nails due to the risk of serious side effects and drug interactions. (rxlist.com)
- Infections treated by ketoconazole include blastomycosis , histoplasmosis , yeast infections (Malassezia) and dermatophyte infections (dogs and cats). (petplace.com)
- Ketoconazole is not effective against infections caused by bacteria, parasites (intestinal worms), mites, or viruses. (petplace.com)
- Ketoconazole is used to treat both internal (in the body) and external (on the skin) fungal infections. (medbroadcast.com)
- Ketoconazole is powerful enough to eliminate severe infections including dermatitis, ringworm, and seborrhea. (vetdepot.com)
Antifungals3
- Ketoconazole is in a class of antifungals called imidazoles. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ketoconazole belongs to the class of drugs called azole antifungals. (medicinenet.com)
- Caspofungin Cancidas can be initiated as a 70-mg loading dose, followed anti hair thinning shampoo with ketoconazole and coal tar 50 mg/d intravenously to complete a minimum of 2 weeks of antifungals after improvement and after blood cultures have cleared. (soxanddawgs.com)
Imidazole4
- Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We conclude that ketoconazole and other imidazole antimycotic drugs possess glucocorticoid antagonist activity by virtue of occupancy of glucocorticoid receptor sites in target tissues. (jci.org)
- Ketoconazole was introduced in the 1980s as a broad-spectrum imidazole-based antifungal. (sbwire.com)
- Ketoconazole (KCZ) is an imidazole antifungal agent. (hindawi.com)
Side effects17
- Side effects of ketoconazole and miconazole that are similar include skin rash and itching . (medicinenet.com)
- Side effects of miconazole that are different from ketoconazole include skin irritation and burning. (medicinenet.com)
- What are the side effects of ketoconazole and miconazole? (medicinenet.com)
- There are a number of things you can do to manage the side effects of ketoconazole. (oncolink.org)
- In addition, ketoconazole is associated with several side effects, some severe. (livestrong.com)
- See the full ketoconazole side effects document. (drugs.com)
- Ketoconazole can cause serious (possibly fatal) side effects and drug interactions . (medicinenet.com)
- What Are Side Effects Associated with Using Ketoconazole? (rxlist.com)
- Newer antifungal drugs are more commonly recommended over ketoconazole in dogs and cats due to their enhanced effectiveness and less side effects. (petplace.com)
- While generally safe and effective when prescribed by a veterinarian, ketoconazole can cause side effects in some animals. (petplace.com)
- Combined with these drugs, ketoconazole could cause serious, even fatal side effects. (1800petmeds.com)
- 3 4 5 Dose reductions of ketoconazole may be necessary to reduce the risk of side-effects, when it is taken by patients also taking atazanavir ( Reyataz ), indinavir ( Crixivan ), lopinavir, ritonavir ( Norvir ) or tipranavir ( Aptivus ). (aidsmap.com)
- This is not a complete list of ketoconazole side effects. (rxwiki.com)
- In most cases, side effects of ketoconazole foam are minor and easy to treat. (emedtv.com)
- This article covers many, but not all, of the possible side effects with ketoconazole foam. (emedtv.com)
- In general, ketoconazole foam appears unlikely to cause serious side effects. (emedtv.com)
- The side effects of ketoconazole are sometimes harnessed in the treatment of non-fungal conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Fluconazole2
- Whereas fluconazole and ketoconazole inhibited UGT2B4- and UGT2B7-catalyzed COD glucuronidation to a similar extent, inhibition by dextropropoxyphene and methadone resulted largely from an effect on UGT2B4. (aspetjournals.org)
- Interactions with dextropropoxyphene, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and methadone potentially affect the intensity and duration of COD analgesia. (aspetjournals.org)
Liver9
- Ketoconazole may cause liver damage, sometimes serious enough to require liver transplantation or to cause death. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not drink any alcoholic beverages during your treatment with ketoconazole because drinking alcoholic beverages may increase the risk that you will develop liver damage. (medlineplus.gov)
- Taking ketoconazole may cause liver damage. (livestrong.com)
- If you drink large amounts of alcohol, if you take medications that can have negative effects on the liver or if you have ever had liver disease, tell your doctor before taking ketoconazole, instructs the National Center for Biotechnology Information's PubMed Health website. (livestrong.com)
- Ketoconazole has rarely caused very serious (possibly fatal) liver problems. (medicinenet.com)
- Do not drink alcoholic beverages while taking ketoconazole because alcohol increases the risk of serious liver problems. (medicinenet.com)
- Because there is little published experience with ketoconazole during breastfeeding and its potential liver enzyme inhibition and liver toxicity, other agents may be preferred. (nih.gov)
- In rare cases, ketoconazole can cause severe liver damage. (1800petmeds.com)
- Contact your veterinarian if your pet experiences lack of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, liver toxicity (jaundice - yellowing of gums, skin, or eyes) or bleeding problems while being treated with ketoconazole. (peteducation.com)
Itraconazole1
- The mediocre safety profile associated with ketoconazole has relegated this drug to second-line therapy status, while high-prescribing physicians choose higher-efficacy treatments, such as terbinafine and itraconazole, for most patients, as noted from GlobalData's primary research. (sbwire.com)
Prescription ketoconazole shampoo1
- Prescription ketoconazole shampoo is usually applied one time to treat the infection. (medlineplus.gov)
Medications7
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to ketoconazole or any other medications, creams, or shampoos. (medlineplus.gov)
- The levels of many medications in your blood can be affected by ketoconazole, just as other medications can affect the level of ketoconazole in your blood. (oncolink.org)
- Ketoconazole must not be used with certain other medications because a serious, possibly fatal, drug interaction may occur. (medicinenet.com)
- Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications and products you may be taking before you start ketoconazole treatment. (medicinenet.com)
- Ketoconazole may interact with other medications. (petplace.com)
- Fully disclose to your veterinarian any medications your pet is taking before giving ketoconazole. (1800petmeds.com)
- Tienda en línea de la píldora, Envío garantizado.Medications. (americancouncils.org)
Infection2
- Ketoconazole shampoo is used to treat skin conditions that are caused by infection with the yeast Pityrosporum, also known as Malassezia. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Our vet prescribed Ketoconazole for a potential fungal infection. (medhelp.org)
Yeast1
- Ketoconazole is effective only against fungal or yeast organisms. (petplace.com)
Patients5
- Ketoconazole was not detected in plasma in 39 patients who shampooed 4-10 times per week for 6 months, or in 33 patients who shampooed 2-3 times per week for 3-26 months (mean: 16 months). (nih.gov)
- further, patients may initiate bisphosphonate therapy at the time of ketoconazole initiation. (knowcancer.com)
- Ketoconazole should not be taken by patients taking nevirapine ( Viramune ), due to a dramatic reduction in ketoconazole levels. (aidsmap.com)
- The authors' assessments of the toxicity of ketoconazole are valuable because they were derived from the careful observation of 52 patients. (annals.org)
- Conclusion: CYP3A-inhibition by ketoconazole increases fecal parent drug excretion twofold in cancer patients. (eur.nl)
Pharmacist1
- If you are unsure about anything related to your dose of ketoconazole foam, please talk to your healthcare provider or pharmacist. (emedtv.com)
Risk of hepatotoxic1
- In any case, the risk of hepatotoxicity with ketoconazole limits its use in all of these indications, especially in those that are benign such as hirsutism. (wikipedia.org)
Overdose of ketoconazole2
- If your pet has been given an overdose of ketoconazole, contact your veterinarian or emergency veterinary clinic immediately. (1800petmeds.com)
- If you suspect an overdose of Ketoconazole, seek medical attention immediately. (internationaldrugmart.com)
Suggest that ketoconazole1
- Interpretations of in vivo studies suggest that ketoconazole impairs the synthesis of ergosterol, which is a vital component of fungal cell membranes. (nih.gov)
Inhibits the growth1
- Ketoconazole inhibits the growth of fungal organisms by interfering with the formation of the fungal cell wall. (petplace.com)
Nausea1
- or give them something to control the nausea in the event that ketoconazole is the only antifungal they can use on whatever it is your dog has. (medhelp.org)
Interactions4
- Ketoconazole has severe interactions with at least 33 different drugs. (rxlist.com)
- Ketoconazole has serious interactions with at least 202 different drugs. (rxlist.com)
- Ketoconazole has moderate interactions with at least 241 different drugs. (rxlist.com)
- 1. CC-223 was studied in vitro for metabolism and drug-drug interactions (DDI), and in clinic for interaction with ketoconazole. (bioportfolio.com)
Treatment6
- Hypothyroidism after treatment with ketoconazole. (bmj.com)
- Following treatment failure using potassium iodide, the patient responded with ketoconazole therapy. (nih.gov)
- The other four sections deal with ketoconazole specifically and include the pharmacology of the drug, clinical experience in the treatment of superficial and deep mycoses, and some practical aspects of treatment. (ajtmh.org)
- Treatment of mice bearing GBM with Ketoconazole and Posaconazole increased their survival, reduced tumor cell proliferation, and decreased tumor metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
- For seborrhea treatment, ketoconazole foam is applied twice a day for four weeks. (emedtv.com)
- the prescribing information for ketoconazole foam does not mention the possibility of more than one treatment. (emedtv.com)
Dogs3
- The second reason, however, is the (slightly) more important one and that is that ketoconazole can ONLY be utilized by dogs by taking it internally. (medhelp.org)
- Ketoconazole has caused changes in the hair coat of animals, causing a lightening of the hair color in dogs and a drying of the hair coat in cats. (petplace.com)
- Shampoo is a pleasantly scented shampoo with antiseptic activity (antibacterial and antifungal) designed for dogs, cats and horses with dermatological conditions responsive to chlorhexidine and ketoconazole. (petflow.com)
Synthesis2
- Ketoconazole inhibits the hormone synthesis in animals and treated animals have decreased levels of cortisol (cortisone), testosterone and other sex hormones. (petplace.com)
- Ketoconazole suppresses cortisone hormone synthesis. (petcarerx.com)
Active ingredient1
- Dandrazol 2% shampoo contains the active ingredient ketoconazole, which is a type of medicine called an antifungal. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Clinical3
- There are problems, however, with the authors' evaluation of the clinical responses to ketoconazole therapy. (annals.org)
- Clinical studies have shown a moderate anti-tumour efficacy of ketoconazole employed at different dose levels after the failure of androgen suppressive therapies. (urotoday.com)
- Limited clinical studies suggest ketoconazole shampoo used either alone or in combination with other treatments may be useful in reducing hair loss in some cases. (wikipedia.org)
Allergic1
- You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to ketoconazole. (healthwise.net)
Pharmacokinetics2
- To evaluate whether ketoconazole or cimetidine alter the pharmacokinetics of loratadine, or its major metabolite, desloratadine (DCL), or alter the effects of loratadine or DCL on electrocardiographic repolarization in healthy adult volunteers. (nih.gov)
- Effects of Ketoconazole and Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Nintedanib in Healthy Subjects. (bioportfolio.com)