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KATP ChannelsPotassium Channels, Inwardly RectifyingSulfonylurea ReceptorsIon ChannelsGlyburidePotassium ChannelsPotassium Channel BlockersCalcium ChannelsReceptors, DrugDecanoic AcidsHydroxy AcidsIon Channel GatingAdenosine TriphosphateCromakalimDiazoxidePinacidilATP-Binding Cassette TransportersCalcium Channel BlockersTolbutamideChloride ChannelsPatch-Clamp TechniquesElectrophysiologyPotassium Channels, Voltage-GatedCalcium Channels, L-TypeSulfonylurea CompoundsMembrane PotentialsPotassium Channels, Calcium-ActivatedSarcolemmaIschemic Preconditioning, MyocardialBenzopyransShaker Superfamily of Potassium ChannelsSodium Channel BlockersCalcium Channels, N-TypeOocytesElectric ConductivityXenopus laevisPotassiumTRPC Cation ChannelsLarge-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium ChannelsCalcium Channels, T-TypeCyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation ChannelsMyocardiumRats, Sprague-DawleyNicorandilVasodilator AgentsAcid Sensing Ion ChannelsEpithelial Sodium ChannelsKv1.3 Potassium ChannelEther-A-Go-Go Potassium ChannelsKv1.2 Potassium ChannelKv1.1 Potassium ChannelHypoglycemic AgentsGuanidinesAdenosine DiphosphateTRPM Cation ChannelsXenopusKv1.5 Potassium ChannelG Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium ChannelsDose-Response Relationship, DrugCalcium Channel AgonistsTRPV Cation ChannelsCongenital HyperinsulinismIslets of LangerhansKineticsCells, CulturedMitochondria, HeartKCNQ Potassium ChannelsCalciumShab Potassium ChannelsGuinea PigsKCNQ1 Potassium ChannelAction PotentialsCell LineCell MembraneRats, WistarGliclazideAdamantaneMutationSmall-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium ChannelsProtein SubunitsKv1.4 Potassium ChannelMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceTransient Receptor Potential ChannelsDihydropyridinesShaw Potassium ChannelsMyocytes, CardiacMinoxidilNeuronsShal Potassium ChannelsThiamylalMuscle, Smooth, VascularVasodilationSodiumRabbitsRana esculentaMagnesiumProtein Structure, TertiaryAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsKCNQ2 Potassium Channel
KATP Channels
Heteromultimers of Kir6 channels (the pore portion) and sulfonylurea receptor (the regulatory portion) which affect function of the HEART; PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS. KATP channel blockers include GLIBENCLAMIDE and mitiglinide whereas openers include CROMAKALIM and minoxidil sulfate.
Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying
Potassium channels where the flow of K+ ions into the cell is greater than the outward flow.
Sulfonylurea Receptors
ATP-BINDING CASSETTE PROTEINS that are highly conserved and widely expressed in nature. They form an integral part of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex which has two intracellular nucleotide folds that bind to sulfonylureas and their analogs.
Ion Channels
Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.
Glyburide
An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.
Potassium Channels
Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.
Potassium Channel Blockers
A class of drugs that act by inhibition of potassium efflux through cell membranes. Blockade of potassium channels prolongs the duration of ACTION POTENTIALS. They are used as ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS and VASODILATOR AGENTS.
Calcium Channels
Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.
Receptors, Drug
Proteins that bind specific drugs with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Drug receptors are generally thought to be receptors for some endogenous substance not otherwise specified.
Decanoic Acids
10-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Hydroxy Acids
Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.
Ion Channel Gating
The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.
Adenosine Triphosphate
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Cromakalim
A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)
Diazoxide
A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.
Pinacidil
A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.
Calcium Channel Blockers
A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.
Tolbutamide
A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)
Chloride Channels
Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.
Patch-Clamp Techniques
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
Electrophysiology
The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated
Potassium channel whose permeability to ions is extremely sensitive to the transmembrane potential difference. The opening of these channels is induced by the membrane depolarization of the ACTION POTENTIAL.
Calcium Channels, L-Type
Long-lasting voltage-gated CALCIUM CHANNELS found in both excitable and nonexcitable tissue. They are responsible for normal myocardial and vascular smooth muscle contractility. Five subunits (alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, gamma, and delta) make up the L-type channel. The alpha-1 subunit is the binding site for calcium-based antagonists. Dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonists are used as markers for these binding sites.
Sulfonylurea Compounds
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated
Potassium channels whose activation is dependent on intracellular calcium concentrations.
Sarcolemma
The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial
Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ISCHEMIA or REPERFUSION. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes.
Benzopyrans
Compounds with a core of fused benzo-pyran rings.
Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels
Voltage-gated potassium channels whose primary subunits contain six transmembrane segments and form tetramers to create a pore with a voltage sensor. They are related to their founding member, shaker protein, Drosophila.
Sodium Channel Blockers
A class of drugs that act by inhibition of sodium influx through cell membranes. Blockade of sodium channels slows the rate and amplitude of initial rapid depolarization, reduces cell excitability, and reduces conduction velocity.
Calcium Channels, N-Type
CALCIUM CHANNELS that are concentrated in neural tissue. Omega toxins inhibit the actions of these channels by altering their voltage dependence.
Oocytes
Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).
Electric Conductivity
The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.
Xenopus laevis
The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
TRPC Cation Channels
A subgroup of TRP cation channels that contain 3-4 ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAINS and a conserved C-terminal domain. Members are highly expressed in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Selectivity for calcium over sodium ranges from 0.5 to 10.
Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
A major class of calcium activated potassium channels whose members are voltage-dependent. MaxiK channels are activated by either membrane depolarization or an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). They are key regulators of calcium and electrical signaling in a variety of tissues.
Calcium Channels, T-Type
A heterogenous group of transient or low voltage activated type CALCIUM CHANNELS. They are found in cardiac myocyte membranes, the sinoatrial node, Purkinje cells of the heart and the central nervous system.
Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels
A subgroup of cyclic nucleotide-regulated ION CHANNELS within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. They are expressed in OLFACTORY NERVE cilia and in PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS and some PLANTS.
Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Nicorandil
A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.
Vasodilator Agents
Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
Acid Sensing Ion Channels
A family of proton-gated sodium channels that are primarily expressed in neuronal tissue. They are AMILORIDE-sensitive and are implicated in the signaling of a variety of neurological stimuli, most notably that of pain in response to acidic conditions.
Epithelial Sodium Channels
Sodium channels found on salt-reabsorbing EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the distal NEPHRON; the distal COLON; SALIVARY DUCTS; SWEAT GLANDS; and the LUNG. They are AMILORIDE-sensitive and play a critical role in the control of sodium balance, BLOOD VOLUME, and BLOOD PRESSURE.
Kv1.3 Potassium Channel
A delayed rectifier subtype of shaker potassium channels that is the predominant VOLTAGE-GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL of T-LYMPHOCYTES.
Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels
A family of voltage-gated potassium channels that are characterized by long N-terminal and C-terminal intracellular tails. They are named from the Drosophila protein whose mutation causes abnormal leg shaking under ether anesthesia. Their activation kinetics are dependent on extracellular MAGNESIUM and PROTON concentration.
Kv1.2 Potassium Channel
A delayed rectifier subtype of shaker potassium channels that is selectively inhibited by a variety of SCORPION VENOMS.
Kv1.1 Potassium Channel
A delayed rectifier subtype of shaker potassium channels that is commonly mutated in human episodic ATAXIA and MYOKYMIA.
Hypoglycemic Agents
Substances which lower blood glucose levels.
Guanidines
A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.
Adenosine Diphosphate
Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
TRPM Cation Channels
A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after melastatin protein. They have the TRP domain but lack ANKYRIN repeats. Enzyme domains in the C-terminus leads to them being called chanzymes.
Xenopus
An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.
Kv1.5 Potassium Channel
A delayed rectifier subtype of shaker potassium channels that conducts a delayed rectifier current. It contributes to ACTION POTENTIAL repolarization of MYOCYTES in HEART ATRIA.
G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels
A family of inwardly-rectifying potassium channels that are activated by PERTUSSIS TOXIN sensitive G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. GIRK potassium channels are primarily activated by the complex of GTP-BINDING PROTEIN BETA SUBUNITS and GTP-BINDING PROTEIN GAMMA SUBUNITS.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Calcium Channel Agonists
Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE and/or CARDIAC MUSCLE cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.
TRPV Cation Channels
A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after vanilloid receptor. They are very sensitive to TEMPERATURE and hot spicy food and CAPSAICIN. They have the TRP domain and ANKYRIN repeats. Selectivity for CALCIUM over SODIUM ranges from 3 to 100 fold.
Congenital Hyperinsulinism
A familial, nontransient HYPOGLYCEMIA with defects in negative feedback of GLUCOSE-regulated INSULIN release. Clinical phenotypes include HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; SEIZURES; COMA; and often large BIRTH WEIGHT. Several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS (subfamily C, member 8).
Islets of Langerhans
Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Mitochondria, Heart
The mitochondria of the myocardium.
KCNQ Potassium Channels
A family of delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channels that share homology with their founding member, KCNQ1 PROTEIN. KCNQ potassium channels have been implicated in a variety of diseases including LONG QT SYNDROME; DEAFNESS; and EPILEPSY.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Shab Potassium Channels
A subfamily of shaker potassium channels that shares homology with its founding member, Shab protein, Drosophila. They regulate delayed rectifier currents in the NERVOUS SYSTEM of DROSOPHILA and in the SKELETAL MUSCLE and HEART of VERTEBRATES.
Guinea Pigs
A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.
KCNQ1 Potassium Channel
A voltage-gated potassium channel that is expressed primarily in the HEART.
Action Potentials
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Gliclazide
An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.
Adamantane
A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
A major class of calcium-activated potassium channels that are found primarily in excitable CELLS. They play important roles in the transmission of ACTION POTENTIALS and generate a long-lasting hyperpolarization known as the slow afterhyperpolarization.
Protein Subunits
Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly.
Kv1.4 Potassium Channel
A fast inactivating subtype of shaker potassium channels that contains two inactivation domains at its N terminus.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels
A broad group of eukaryotic six-transmembrane cation channels that are classified by sequence homology because their functional involvement with SENSATION is varied. They have only weak voltage sensitivity and ion selectivity. They are named after a DROSOPHILA mutant that displayed transient receptor potentials in response to light. A 25-amino-acid motif containing a TRP box (EWKFAR) just C-terminal to S6 is found in TRPC, TRPV and TRPM subgroups. ANKYRIN repeats are found in TRPC, TRPV & TRPN subgroups. Some are functionally associated with TYROSINE KINASE or TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES.
Dihydropyridines
Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.
Shaw Potassium Channels
A shaker subfamily that is prominently expressed in NEURONS and are necessary for high-frequency, repetitive firing of ACTION POTENTIALS.
Myocytes, Cardiac
Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).
Minoxidil
A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371)
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Shal Potassium Channels
A shaker subfamily of potassium channels that participate in transient outward potassium currents by activating at subthreshold MEMBRANE POTENTIALS, inactivating rapidly, and recovering from inactivation quickly.
Thiamylal
A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular
The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.
Vasodilation
The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Sodium
A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Rana esculenta
An edible species of the family Ranidae, occurring in Europe and used extensively in biomedical research. Commonly referred to as "edible frog".
Magnesium
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.
KCNQ2 Potassium Channel
A very slow opening and closing voltage-gated potassium channel that is expressed in NEURONS and is commonly mutated in BENIGN FAMILIAL NEONATAL CONVULSIONS.
Heart Ventricles
The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.
Heart
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels
A subgroup of cyclic nucleotide-regulated ION CHANNELS of the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels that are opened by hyperpolarization rather than depolarization. The ion conducting pore passes SODIUM, CALCIUM, and POTASSIUM cations with a preference for potassium.
Calcium Channels, P-Type
CALCIUM CHANNELS located within the PURKINJE CELLS of the cerebellum. They are involved in stimulation-secretion coupling of neurons.
COS Cells
CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)
Pyrroles
Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties.
Receptors, Purinergic P1
A class of cell surface receptors that prefer ADENOSINE to other endogenous PURINES. Purinergic P1 receptors are widespread in the body including the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and nervous systems. There are at least two pharmacologically distinguishable types (A1 and A2, or Ri and Ra).
NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
A voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that mediates the sodium ion PERMEABILITY of CARDIOMYOCYTES. Defects in the SCN5A gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of this sodium channel, are associated with a variety of CARDIAC DISEASES that result from loss of sodium channel function.
Adenosine
A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).
Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel
A tetrameric calcium release channel in the SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM membrane of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, acting oppositely to SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES. It is important in skeletal and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and studied by using RYANODINE. Abnormalities are implicated in CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS and MUSCULAR DISEASES.
Benzylidene Compounds
Compounds containing the PhCH= radical.
KCNQ3 Potassium Channel
A very slow opening and closing voltage-gated potassium channel that is expressed in NEURONS and is closely related to KCNQ2 POTASSIUM CHANNEL. It is commonly mutated in BENIGN FAMILIAL NEONATAL CONVULSIONS.
Barium
An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.
RNA, Complementary
Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
A major class of calcium-activated potassium channels that were originally discovered in ERYTHROCYTES. They are found primarily in non-excitable CELLS and set up electrical gradients for PASSIVE ION TRANSPORT.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits
The pore-forming subunits of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. They form tetramers in CELL MEMBRANES.
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists
Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.
Scorpion Venoms
Venoms from animals of the order Scorpionida of the class Arachnida. They contain neuro- and hemotoxins, enzymes, and various other factors that may release acetylcholine and catecholamines from nerve endings. Of the several protein toxins that have been characterized, most are immunogenic.
Calcium Channels, Q-Type
CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain.
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
NAV1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
A voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that mediates the sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Defects in the SCN2A gene which codes for the alpha subunit of this sodium channel are associated with benign familial infantile seizures type 3, and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 11.
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.
Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels
A group of slow opening and closing voltage-gated potassium channels. Because of their delayed activation kinetics they play an important role in controlling ACTION POTENTIAL duration.
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Diacetyl
Carrier of aroma of butter, vinegar, coffee, and other foods.
Calcium Channels, R-Type
CALCIUM CHANNELS located in the neurons of the brain. They are inhibited by the marine snail toxin, omega conotoxin MVIIC.
Ischemic Preconditioning
A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ISCHEMIA and REPERFUSION by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (Am J Physiol 1995 May;268(5 Pt 2):H2063-7, Abstract)
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
2,4-Dinitrophenol
A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Tetraethylammonium
A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Charybdotoxin
A 37-amino acid residue peptide isolated from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. It is a neurotoxin that inhibits calcium activated potassium channels.
Ion Transport
The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more ions in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) directions.
Glucose
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Cricetinae
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Nucleotides
The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
A family of membrane proteins that selectively conduct SODIUM ions due to changes in the TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE. They typically have a multimeric structure with a core alpha subunit that defines the sodium channel subtype and several beta subunits that modulate sodium channel activity.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Sodium Cyanide
A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid
A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Rubidium Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of rubidium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Rb atoms with atomic weights 79-84, and 86-95 are radioactive rubidium isotopes.
Sodium Azide
A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.
Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels
A family of voltage-gated eukaryotic porins that form aqueous channels. They play an essential role in mitochondrial CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY, are often regulated by BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS, and have been implicated in APOPTOSIS.
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Lipid Bilayers
Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.
Phenanthridines
Dogs
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Anoxia
Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.
Insulin-Secreting Cells
A type of pancreatic cell representing about 50-80% of the islet cells. Beta cells secrete INSULIN.
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
Nifedipine
A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.
Membrane Transport Modulators
Agents that affect ION PUMPS; ION CHANNELS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; and other MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.
Cations
Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.
Benzophenanthridines
Compounds of four rings containing a nitrogen. They are biosynthesized from reticuline via rearrangement of scoulerine. They are similar to BENZYLISOQUINOLINES. Members include chelerythrine and sanguinarine.
Isoflurane
A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
A voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that mediates the sodium ion PERMEABILITY of SKELETAL MYOCYTES. Defects in the SCN4A gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of this sodium channel, are associated with several MYOTONIC DISORDERS.
Nitroprusside
A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.
Animals, Newborn
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Pyridines
Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Muscle, Skeletal
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
Hydrogen Sulfide
A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Chlorides
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.
Tetrodotoxin
An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.
Pyrans
Coronary Circulation
The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.
Biophysics
The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.
Calcium Gluconate
The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
HEK293 Cells
A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.
Gramicidin
A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.
Degenerin Sodium Channels
A family of mechanosensitive sodium channels found primarily in NEMATODES where they play a role in CELLULAR MECHANOTRANSDUCTION. Degenerin sodium channels are structurally-related to EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNELS and are named after the fact that loss of their activity results in cellular degeneration.
Pia Mater
The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.
Sodium Channel Agonists
A class of drugs that stimulate sodium influx through cell membrane channels.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Cell Hypoxia
A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.
4-Aminopyridine
One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Apamin
A highly neurotoxic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It consists of 18 amino acids with two disulfide bridges and causes hyperexcitability resulting in convulsions and respiratory paralysis.
Coronary Vessels
The veins and arteries of the HEART.
omega-Conotoxin GVIA
A neurotoxic peptide, which is a cleavage product (VIa) of the omega-Conotoxin precursor protein contained in venom from the marine snail, CONUS geographus. It is an antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS, N-TYPE.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Cyclic AMP
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
Mesenteric Arteries
Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.
Biophysical Phenomena
The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Ions
An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
Syntaxin 1
A neuronal cell membrane protein that combines with SNAP-25 and SYNAPTOBREVIN 2 to form a SNARE complex that leads to EXOCYTOSIS.
Cardiotonic Agents
Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).
Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel beta Subunits
The regulatory subunits of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels.

Two regions of sulfonylurea receptor specify the spontaneous bursting and ATP inhibition of KATP channel isoforms. (1/595)

KATP channels are heteromultimers of KIR6.2 and a sulfonylurea receptor, SUR, an ATP binding cassette (ABC) protein with several isoforms. KIR6.2 forms a channel pore whose spontaneous activity and ATP sensitivity are modulated by the receptor via an unknown interaction(s). Side by side comparison of single-channel kinetics and steady-state ATP inhibition of human beta-cell, SUR1/KIR6.2, versus cardiac, SUR2A/KIR6.2 channels demonstrate that the latter have a greater mean burst duration and open probability in the absence of nucleotides and approximately 4-fold higher IC50(ATP). We have used matched chimeras of SUR1 and SUR2A to show that the kinetics, which determine the maximal open probability (Pomax), and the ATP sensitivity are functionally separable and to identify the two segments of SUR responsible for these isoform differences. A region within the first five transmembrane domains specifies the interburst kinetics, whereas a C-terminal segment determines the sensitivity to inhibitory ATP. The separable effects of SUR on ATP inhibition and channel kinetics implies that the cytoplasmic C terminus of SUR either directly modulates the affinity of a weak ATP binding site on the inward rectifier or affects linkage between the binding site and the gate. This is the first identification of parts of an ABC protein that interact with an ion channel subunit to modulate the spontaneous activity and ATP sensitivity of the heteromeric channel.  (+info)

ATP-Sensitive K+ channel modulator binding to sulfonylurea receptors SUR2A and SUR2B: opposite effects of MgADP. (2/595)

KATP channels are heteromeric complexes of inwardly rectifying K+ channel subunits and sulfonylurea receptors (SURs). SUR2A and SUR2B, which differ within the carboxyl terminal exon 38, are characteristic for the cardiac and smooth muscle type channels, respectively. Here we compare binding of the tritiated KATP channel opener, [3H]P1075, to membranes from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells transfected with murine SUR2A and 2B at 37 degrees C. Binding to both SURs required addition of Mg2+ and ATP in the low micromolar range. In the presence of MgATP, micromolar concentrations of MgADP, formed by the ATPase activity of the membrane preparation, increased binding to SUR2A but inhibited binding to SUR2B. Decreasing temperatures strongly reduced [3H]P1075 binding to SUR2A, whereas binding to SUR2B was increased in a bell-shaped manner. Kinetic experiments revealed a faster dissociation of the [3H]P1075-SUR2A complex, whereas the association rate constants for [3H]P1075 binding to SUR2A and 2B were similar. Openers inhibited [3H]P1075 binding to SUR2A with potencies approximately 4 times lower than to SUR2B; in contrast, glibenclamide inhibited [3H]P1075 binding to SUR2A approximately 8 times more potently than to SUR2B. The data suggest that SUR2A and 2B represent the opener receptors of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle KATP channels, respectively, and show that MgADP is an important modulator of opener binding to SUR. The different carboxyl termini of SUR2A and 2B lead to differences in the MgADP dependence and the thermodynamics of [3H]P1075 binding, as well as in the affinities for openers and glibenclamide, underlining the importance of this part of the molecule for KATP channel modulator binding.  (+info)

Sulfonylurea and K(+)-channel opener sensitivity of K(ATP) channels. Functional coupling of Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits. (3/595)

The sensitivity of K(ATP) channels to high-affinity block by sulfonylureas and to stimulation by K(+) channel openers and MgADP (PCOs) is conferred by the regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit, whereas ATP inhibits the channel through interaction with the inward rectifier (Kir6.2) subunit. Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) profoundly antagonized ATP inhibition of K(ATP) channels expressed from cloned Kir6.2+SUR1 subunits, but also abolished high affinity tolbutamide sensitivity. By stabilizing the open state of the channel, PIP(2) drives the channel away from closed state(s) that are preferentially affected by high affinity tolbutamide binding, thereby producing an apparent loss of high affinity tolbutamide inhibition. Mutant K(ATP) channels (Kir6. 2[DeltaN30] or Kir6.2[L164A], coexpressed with SUR1) also displayed an "uncoupled" phenotype with no high affinity tolbutamide block and with intrinsically higher open state stability. Conversely, Kir6. 2[R176A]+SUR1 channels, which have an intrinsically lower open state stability, displayed a greater high affinity fraction of tolbutamide block. In addition to antagonizing high-affinity block by tolbutamide, PIP(2) also altered the stimulatory action of the PCOs, diazoxide and MgADP. With time after PIP(2) application, PCO stimulation first increased, and then subsequently decreased, probably reflecting a common pathway for activation of the channel by stimulatory PCOs and PIP(2). The net effect of increasing open state stability, either by PIP(2) or mutagenesis, is an apparent "uncoupling" of the Kir6.2 subunit from the regulatory input of SUR1, an action that can be partially reversed by screening negative charges on the membrane with poly-L-lysine.  (+info)

Phosphoinositides decrease ATP sensitivity of the cardiac ATP-sensitive K(+) channel. A molecular probe for the mechanism of ATP-sensitive inhibition. (4/595)

Anionic phospholipids modulate the activity of inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Fan, Z., and J.C. Makielski. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:5388-5395). The effect of phosphoinositides on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) currents was investigated using the inside-out patch clamp technique in cardiac myocytes and in COS-1 cells in which the cardiac isoform of the sulfonylurea receptor, SUR2, was coexpressed with the inwardly rectifying channel Kir6.2. Phosphoinositides (1 mg/ml) increased the open probability of K(ATP) in low [ATP] (1 microM) within 30 s. Phosphoinositides desensitized ATP inhibition with a longer onset period (>3 min), activating channels inhibited by ATP (1 mM). Phosphoinositides treatment for 10 min shifted the half-inhibitory [ATP] (K(i)) from 35 microM to 16 mM. At the single-channel level, increased [ATP] caused a shorter mean open time and a longer mean closed time. Phosphoinositides prolonged the mean open time, shortened the mean closed time, and weakened the [ATP] dependence of these parameters resulting in a higher open probability at any given [ATP]. The apparent rate constants for ATP binding were estimated to be 0.8 and 0.02 mM(-1) ms(-1) before and after 5-min treatment with phosphoinositides, which corresponds to a K(i) of 35 microM and 5.8 mM, respectively. Phosphoinositides failed to desensitize adenosine inhibition of K(ATP). In the presence of SUR2, phosphoinositides attenuated MgATP antagonism of ATP inhibition. Kir6.2DeltaC35, a truncated Kir6.2 that functions without SUR2, also exhibited phosphoinositide desensitization of ATP inhibition. These data suggest that (a) phosphoinositides strongly compete with ATP at a binding site residing on Kir6.2; (b) electrostatic interaction is a characteristic property of this competition; and (c) in conjunction with SUR2, phosphoinositides render additional, complex effects on ATP inhibition. We propose a model of the ATP binding site involving positively charged residues on the COOH-terminus of Kir6.2, with which phosphoinositides interact to desensitize ATP inhibition.  (+info)

Role of ATP-dependent K(+) channels in the electrical excitability of early embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. (5/595)

Single, murine embryonic stem cell-derived early stage cardiomyocytes dissociated from embryoid bodies expressed two inward rectifier K(+) channels, I(K1) and the ATP dependent K(+) current. I(K1) exhibited low density in early stage cardiomyocytes, but increased significantly in late stage cells. In contrast, the ATP dependent K(+) current was expressed at similar densities in early and late stage cardiomyocytes. This current was found to be involved in the determination of the membrane potential, since glibenclamide depolarized early cardiomyocytes and exerted a positive chronotropic effect. Some cardiomyocytes displayed a bursting behavior of action potentials, characterized by alternating periods with and without action potentials. During the phases without action potentials, the membrane potential was hyperpolarized, indicating the involvement of K(+) channels in the generation of this bursting behavior. Extracellular recording techniques were applied to spontaneously contracting areas of whole embryoid bodies. In 20% of these bursting behavior similar to that seen in the single cells was observed. In regularly beating embryoid bodies, bursting could be induced by reduction of substrates from the extracellular medium as well as by superfusion with the positive chronotropic agents Bay K 8644 or isoproterenol. Perfusion with substrate-reduced medium induced bursting behavior after a short latency, isoproterenol and Bay K 8644 resulted in a positive chronotropic response followed by bursting behavior with longer latencies. The spontaneous bursting was blocked by glibenclamide. These experimental results suggest that intermittent activation of ATP dependent K(+) channels underlies the bursting behavior observed in single cardiomyocytes and in the whole embryoid body. Conditions of metabolic stress lead to the rhythmic suppression of action potential generation. Our data indicate that ATP dependent K(+) channels play a prominent role in the cellular excitability of early cardiomyocytes.  (+info)

KATP channels and 'border zone' arrhythmias: role of the repolarization dispersion between normal and ischaemic ventricular regions. (6/595)

1. In order to investigate the role of KATP channel activation and repolarization dispersion on the 'border zone' arrhythmias induced by ischaemia-reperfusion, the effects of glibenclamide and bimakalim, agents modifying action potential (AP) duration, were studied in an in vitro model of myocardial 'border zone'. 2. The electrophysiological effects of 10 microM glibenclamide and 1 microM bimakalim (n=8 each), respectively KATP channel blocker and activator, were investigated on guinea-pig ventricular strips submitted partly to normal conditions (normal zone, NZ) and partly to simulated ischaemic then reperfused conditions (altered zone, AZ). 3. By preventing the ischaemia-induced AP shortening (P<0.0001), glibenclamide reduced the dispersion of AP duration 90% (APD90) between NZ and AZ (P<0.0001), and concomitantly inhibited the 'border zone' arrhythmias induced by an extrastimulus (ES), their absence being significantly related to the lessened APD90 dispersion (chi2=8.28, P<0.01). 4. Bimakalim, which also reduced the APD90 dispersion (P<0.005) due to differential AP shortening in normal and ischaemic tissues, decreased the incidence of myocardial conduction blocks (25% of preparations versus 83% in control, n=12, P<0.05) and favoured 'border zone' spontaneous arrhythmias (75% of preparations versus 25% in control, P<0.05). 5. During reperfusion, unlike bimakalim, glibenclamide inhibited the ES-induced arrhythmias and reduced the incidence of the spontaneous ones (12% of preparations versus 92% in control, P<0.05), this latter effect being significantly related (chi2=6.13, P<0.02) to the lessened ischaemia-induced AP shortening in the presence of glibenclamide (P<0.0001). 6. These results suggest that KATP blockade may protect the ischaemic-reperfused myocardium from 'border zone' arrhythmias concomitantly with a reduction of APD90 dispersion between normal and ischaemic regions. Conversely, KATP channel activation may modify the incidence of conduction blocks and exacerbate the ischaemia-induced 'border zone' arrhythmias.  (+info)

Activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels contributes to rhythmic firing of action potentials in mouse pancreatic beta cells. (7/595)

We have applied the perforated patch whole-cell technique to beta cells within intact pancreatic islets to identify the current underlying the glucose-induced rhythmic firing of action potentials. Trains of depolarizations (to simulate glucose-induced electrical activity) resulted in the gradual (time constant: 2.3 s) development of a small (<0.8 nS) K(+) conductance. The current was dependent on Ca(2+) influx but unaffected by apamin and charybdotoxin, two blockers of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, and was insensitive to tolbutamide (a blocker of ATP-regulated K(+) channels) but partially (>60%) blocked by high (10-20 mM) concentrations of tetraethylammonium. Upon cessation of electrical stimulation, the current deactivated exponentially with a time constant of 6.5 s. This is similar to the interval between two successive bursts of action potentials. We propose that this Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current plays an important role in the generation of oscillatory electrical activity in the beta cell.  (+info)

(+)-[3H]isradipine and [3H]glyburide bindings to heart and lung membranes from rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. (8/595)

We examined the binding of a 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel ligand, (+)-[3H]isradipine (PN200-110), and that of an ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channel ligand, [3H]glyburide, to heart, lung and brain membranes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats made pulmonary hypertensive by monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. A single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline increased right ventricular systolic pressure, a measure of pulmonary arterial pressure, and the thickness of the right ventricular free wall in 3 to 4 weeks. The (+)-[3H]PN200-110 and [3H]glyburide binding site densities (Bmax) were reduced in hypertrophied right ventricles when normalized per unit protein in comparison with those of age-matched control (sham) rats, whereas the values of the dissociation constant (Kd) of both ligands bound to the hypertrophied right ventricle were not significantly changed. The [3H]PN200-110 binding to the lung membranes of the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats was increased. The results indicate that the change in the binding of 1,4-dihydropyridine Ca2+ and K(ATP) channel ligands to heart membranes may contribute to the pathological alteration of cardiopulmonary structure and functions in rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline.  (+info)

Disruption of Sarcolemmal ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Activity Impairs the Cardiac Response to Systolic Overload |...Disruption of Sarcolemmal ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Activity Impairs the Cardiac Response to Systolic Overload |...
Sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) act as metabolic sensors that facilitate adaptation of the left ventricle to changes in energy requirements. This study examined the mechanism by which KATP dysfunction impairs the left ventricular response to stress using transgenic mouse strains with cardiac-specific disruption of KATP activity (SUR1-tg mice) or Kir6.2 gene deficiency (Kir6.2 KO). Both SUR1-tg and Kir6.2 KO mice had normal left ventricular mass and function under unstressed conditions. Following chronic transverse aortic constriction, both SUR1-tg and Kir6.2 KO mice developed more severe left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction as compared with their corresponding WT controls. Both SUR1-tg and Kir6.2 KO mice had significantly decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and a group of energy metabolism related genes at both protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, disruption of KATP repressed expression and promoter activity of ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/103/9/1009
Sulfonylurea sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels from beta cells and extrapancreatic tissues. -...Sulfonylurea sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels from beta cells and extrapancreatic tissues. -...
Sulfonylureas are widely used to stimulate insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic patients because they close adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels in the pancreatic beta-cell membrane. This action is mediated by binding of the drug to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) subunit of the channel. K(ATP) channels are also present in a range of extrapancreatic tissues, but many of these contain an alternative type of SUR subunit (SUR2A in heart and SUR2B in smooth muscle). The sulfonylurea-sensitivity of K(ATP) channels containing the different types of SUR is variable: gliclazide and tolbutamide block the beta cell, but not the cardiac or smooth muscle types of K(ATP) channels with high affinity. Glibenclamide and glimepiride, on the other hand, block channels containing SUR1 and SUR2 with similar affinity. The reversibility of the different sulfonylureas also varies. Tolbutamide and gliclazide produce a reversible inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2 channels, whereas glibenclamide
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/114513
K(ATP) channel therapeutics at the bedsideK(ATP) channel therapeutics at the bedside
The family of potassium channel openers regroups drugs that share the property of activating adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels, metabolic sensors responsible for adjusting membrane potential-dependent functions to match cellular energetic demands. K(ATP) channels, widely r …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15953614/?dopt=Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K-ATP)-dependent regulation of cardiotropic viral infectionsATP-sensitive potassium channel (K-ATP)-dependent regulation of cardiotropic viral infections
The effects of the cellular environment on innate immunity remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that in Drosophila ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) mediate resistance to a cardiotropic RNA virus, Flock House virus (FHV). FHV viral load in the heart rapidly increases in K(ATP) mutant flies, leading to increased viremia and accelerated death. The effect of K(ATP) channels is dependent on the RNA interference genes Dcr-2, AGO2, and r2d2, indicating that an activity associated with this potassium channel participates in this antiviral pathway in Drosophila. Flies treated with the K(ATP) agonist drug pinacidil are protected against FHV infection, thus demonstrating the importance of this regulation of innate immunity by the cellular environment in the heart. In mice, the Coxsackievirus B3 replicates to higher titers in the hearts of mayday mutant animals, which are deficient in the Kir6.1 subunit of K(ATP) channels, than in controls. Together, our data suggest that K(ATP) channel ...
https://vivo.scripps.edu/display/endnote68782
ATP-regulated potassium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels in pancreatic alpha and beta cells: similar functions but...ATP-regulated potassium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels in pancreatic alpha and beta cells: similar functions but...
Closure of ATP-regulated K(+) channels (K(ATP) channels) plays a central role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in beta cells. K(ATP) channels are also highly expressed in glucagon-producing alpha cells, where their function remains unresolved. Under hypoglycaemic conditions, K(ATP) channels are open in alpha cells but their activity is low and only ~1% of that in beta cells. Like beta cells, alpha cells respond to hyperglycaemia with K(ATP) channel closure, membrane depolarisation and stimulation of action potential firing. Yet, hyperglycaemia reciprocally regulates glucagon (inhibition) and insulin secretion (stimulation). Here we discuss how this conundrum can be resolved and how reduced K(ATP) channel activity, via membrane depolarisation, paradoxically reduces alpha cell Ca(2+) entry and glucagon exocytosis. Finally, we consider whether the glucagon secretory defects associated with diabetes can be attributed to impaired K(ATP) channel regulation and discuss the potential for remedial
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/469379
Activation and inhibition of K-ATP currents by guanine nucleotides is mediated by different channel subunits. - Oxford...Activation and inhibition of K-ATP currents by guanine nucleotides is mediated by different channel subunits. - Oxford...
The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K-ATP channel) plays a key role in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. It is closed by glucose metabolism, which stimulates secretion, and opened by the drug diazoxide, which inhibits insulin release. Metabolic regulation is mediated by changes in ATP and MgADP concentration, which inhibit and potentiate channel activity, respectively. The beta-cell K-ATP channel consists of a pore-forming subunit, Kir6.2, and a regulatory subunit, SUR1. The site at which ATP mediates channel inhibition lies on Kir6.2, while the potentiatory action of MgADP involves the nucleotide-binding domains of SUR1. K-ATP channels are also activated by MgGTP and MgGDP. Furthermore, both nucleotides support the stimulatory actions of diazoxide. It is not known, however, whether guanine nucleotides mediate their effects by direct interaction with one or more of the K-ATP channel subunits or indirectly via a GTP-binding protein. We used a truncated form of Kir6.2, which expresses
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/30330
Recombinant Cardiac ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels and Cardioprotection | CirculationRecombinant Cardiac ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels and Cardioprotection | Circulation
The ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP channels) were originally identified in isolated membrane patches prepared from guinea pig ventricular myocytes by Noma1 in 1983. Since their discovery in cardiac cells, KATP channels have also been discovered in many other tissues, such as smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain, in which they have been shown to couple cellular metabolism to membrane electrical activity.2 Primarily on the basis of studies using pharmacological tools, openers of KATP channels have been shown to elicit cardioprotective effects, whereas KATP channel antagonists have been shown to block the cardioprotective effects of KATP channel openers and the powerful protective effect produced by single or multiple brief episodes of ischemia to reduce myocardial infarct size, a phenomenon called ischemic preconditioning.3 Because the results of these previous studies were obtained indirectly by the use of pharmacological agonists and antagonists, the results of the present ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/98/15/1479
Inhibitory Effects of Etomidate and Ketamine on Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Relaxation in Canine...Inhibitory Effects of Etomidate and Ketamine on Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Relaxation in Canine...
Pulmonary arterial rings were vertically mounted between two stainless steel hooks in organ baths filled with 25 ml Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (37°C) gassed with 95% O2and 5% CO2. One of the hooks was anchored and the other was connected to a strain gauge to measure isometric force. The rings were stretched at 10-min intervals in increments of 0.5 g to achieve optimal resting tension. Optimal resting tension was defined as the minimum amount of stretch required to achieve the largest contractile response to 40 mm KCl and was determined in preliminary experiments to be 5 g for the size of the arteries used in these experiments. After the arterial rings had been stretched to their optimal resting tension, the contractile response to 60 mm KCl was measured. After washing out KCl from the organ bath and the return of isometric tension to prestimulation values, a cumulative concentration-response curve to phenylephrine was performed in each ring. This was achieved by increasing the ...
https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/98/1/104/40538/Inhibitory-Effects-of-Etomidate-and-Ketamine-on
Forkhead Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of Myocardial KATP Channel Subunits and Energy Metabolism | Circulation...Forkhead Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of Myocardial KATP Channel Subunits and Energy Metabolism | Circulation...
The capability of adapting cellular function and energy metabolism to varying physiological and pathological conditions is vitally important in animal cells. In the present work, we show that the Fox family may play a central role in expression of both molecular sensors of energy status and key regulatory genes of energy metabolism. First, in atrial cells, the expression of FoxO1, -O3, and -F2 cause increased expression of KATP channel subunits (the quintessential metabolic sensors7) and selective up- and downregulation of specific metabolic genes. A causal relationship between FoxO and KIR6.1 expression is demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay and by experiments with siRNAs. Second, FoxO1, -O3, -F2, and -J2 are distributed unevenly within different cardiac chambers of the neonatal rat, in association with channel subunits KIR6.1, SUR1A, and SUR2B and 9 metabolic genes.42,43,50 Third, the periinfarcted zone of the rat left ventricle reveals an impressive plasticity of FoxO1, -O3, ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/102/2/e20
Expression of KATP channel subunits in hearts of mice o | Open-iExpression of KATP channel subunits in hearts of mice o | Open-i
Expression of KATP channel subunits in hearts of mice on control and nicotinamide-rich diet. Representative progress curves for the real-time PCR amplification
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4373361_jcmm0015-1703-f1&req=4
HMR 1098 | KATP channel blocker | HMR 1883 sodium salt | HMR1098 | CAS [ 261717-22-0] - [158751-64-5] | Axon 1757 | Axon Ligand...HMR 1098 | KATP channel blocker | HMR 1883 sodium salt | HMR1098 | CAS [ 261717-22-0] - [158751-64-5] | Axon 1757 | Axon Ligand...
HMR 1098 | KATP channel blocker | HMR 1883 sodium salt | HMR1098 | CAS [ 261717-22-0] - [158751-64-5] | Axon 1757 | Axon Ligand™ with >98% purity available from supplier Axon Medchem, prime source of life science reagents for your research
https://www.axonmedchem.com/product/1757
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KATP channels play a key role in the regulation of insulin secretion and in the modulation of vascular tone (5,8). In the resting pancreatic β-cells, KATP channels are normally open, but when plasma glucose rises, the enhanced glucose metabolism brings about their closure. The decrease of potassium permeability leads to an increase of cytosolic calcium that triggers the release of insulin. On the other hand, KATP channels in the vascular smooth muscle cells are normally closed or inactive. When ischemia occurs, the decline in the intracellular concentration of ATP activates these channels. The subsequent hyperpolarization of the cells decreases the inward flow of calcium, resulting in vasodilation that, in turn, combats the effects of hypoxia (8).. Sulfonylureas, as a class, interact specifically with KATP channels of cell membranes. Evidence shows that though glibenclamide and other sulfonylureas promote insulin secretion by the blockade of pancreatic KATP channels, they also neutralize the ...
https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/24/4/738
Substrate Control of Insulin Release - Comprehensive PhysiologySubstrate Control of Insulin Release - Comprehensive Physiology
The sections in this article are: 1 CellularArchitecture of Pancreatic Islets2 General Aspects of Nutrient Sensing3 The Glucose‐Sensing System: A Basic Model4 Adenine Nucleotides and the Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel5 Regulation of Glucose Metabolism in Islet β Cells6 Molecular Manipulations of Glucose‐Phosphorylating Activity in Islet Cells7 Similarities and Differences in the Metabolic Environment of β Cells and Hepatocytes8 Role of Lipids in Regulation of Insulin Secretion9 Fundamentals of Amino Acid‐Stimulated Insulin Release10 Mitochondria as Metabolic Signal Generators of Fuel‐Stimulated β Cells11 Outlook
http://www.comprehensivephysiology.com/WileyCDA/CompPhysArticle/refId-cp070205.html
A Kir6.2 Mutation Causing Neonatal Diabetes Impairs Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion From INS-1 β-Cells | DiabetesA Kir6.2 Mutation Causing Neonatal Diabetes Impairs Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion From INS-1 β-Cells | Diabetes
We next measured the concentration-inhibition curve for metabolic inhibition of wild-type and mutant KATP channels, again using the perforated-patch configuration to preserve β-cell metabolism. Because the INS-1 Flp-In T-REx clone 1-1.2 retains only a poor insulin secretory response to glucose but remains responsive to methyl succinate (27), we used the latter as a metabolic substrate. Unlike some other mitochondrial substrates (28), methyl succinate (20 mmol/l) did not affect KATP channel activity either when applied directly to the inside of an excised inside-out patch (Fig. 3A) or when added to the external solution in standard whole-cell recordings (Fig. 3B). Thus, we deduce that any effect of methyl succinate on perforated-patch whole-cell KATP currents must be a consequence of substrate metabolism.. In the absence of substrate, KATP conductances were significantly smaller for WT cells than for either R201H or tetR201H cells (Fig. 3C), as expected, because they are more ATP sensitive. The ...
https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/55/11/3075?ijkey=013abf4b458796139176b02c2fe8b1719bf2c08d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
生命科学-官方网站生命科学-官方网站
摘 要：硫化氢(H2S)是具有生物学效应的气体小分子，它在免疫系统中亦发挥着重要的调节功能。H2S可通过影响IL-2(Interleukin-2)的合成抑制淋巴细胞增殖；可通过激活ERK激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases)或者KATP通道(ATP-sensitive potassium channel)，促进单核巨噬细胞及中性粒细胞分泌促炎因子，导致组织损伤，诱导诸如溃疡性结肠炎、胃炎、急性胰腺炎、急性肺损伤及毒血症等多种炎症性疾病。相反，H2S还可诱导多种抑炎因子，发挥抑制炎症的作用。鉴于H2S在免疫与炎症中发挥的生理和病理效应，该文对H2S在炎症与免疫调节中的研究进展进行综述 ...
http://www.lifescience.net.cn/arts.asp?id=1163
Scavenging of 14-3-3 proteins reveals their involvement in the cell-surface transport of ATP-sensitive K|sup|+|/sup| channels -...Scavenging of 14-3-3 proteins reveals their involvement in the cell-surface transport of ATP-sensitive K|sup|+|/sup| channels -...
Dive into the research topics of Scavenging of 14-3-3 proteins reveals their involvement in the cell-surface transport of ATP-sensitive K,sup,+,/sup, channels. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://ulster-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/scavenging-of-14-3-3-proteins-reveals-their-involvement-in-the-ce/fingerprints/
K(ATP) channels regulate mitogenically induced proliferation in primary rat hepatocytes and human liver cell lines:...K(ATP) channels regulate mitogenically induced proliferation in primary rat hepatocytes and human liver cell lines:...
TY - JOUR. T1 - K(ATP) channels regulate mitogenically induced proliferation in primary rat hepatocytes and human liver cell lines. T2 - Implications for liver growth control and potential therapeutic targeting. AU - Malhi, Harmeet. AU - Irani, Adil N.. AU - Rajvanshi, Pankaj. AU - Suadicani, Sylvia O.. AU - Spray, David C.. AU - McDonald, Thomas V.. AU - Gupta, Sanjeev. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2000/8/25. Y1 - 2000/8/25. N2 - To determine whether K(ATP) channels control liver growth, we used primary rat hepatocytes and several human cancer cell lines for assays. K(ATP) channel openers (minoxidil, cromakalim, and pinacidil) increased cellular DNA synthesis, whereas K(ATP) channel blockers (quinidine and glibenclamide) attenuated DNA synthesis. The channel inhibitor glibenclamide decreased the clonogenicity of HepG2 cells without inducing cytotoxicity or apoptosis. To demonstrate the specificity of drugs for K+ channels, whole-cell patch-clamp ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/katp-channels-regulate-mitogenically-induced-proliferation-in-pri
Intrahippocampal infusions of K-ATP channel modulators influence spontaneous alternation performance: Relationships to...Intrahippocampal infusions of K-ATP channel modulators influence spontaneous alternation performance: Relationships to...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Intrahippocampal infusions of K-ATP channel modulators influence spontaneous alternation performance. T2 - Relationships to acetylcholine release in the hippocampus. AU - Stefani, Mark R.. AU - Gold, Paul E.. PY - 2001/1/15. Y1 - 2001/1/15. N2 - One mechanism by which administration of glucose enhances cognitive functions may be by modulating central ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels. K-ATP channels appear to couple glucose metabolism and neuronal excitability, with channel blockade increasing the likelihood of neurosecretion. The present experiment examined the effects of glucose and the direct K-ATP channel modulators glibenclamide and lemakalim on spontaneous alternation performance and hippocampal ACh release. Rats received either artificial CSF vehicle or vehicle plus drug for two consecutive 12 min periods via microdialysis probes (3 mm; flow rate of 2.1 μl/min) implanted in the left hippocampus. During the second 12 min period, rats were tested for spontaneous ...
https://experts.syr.edu/en/publications/intrahippocampal-infusions-of-k-atp-channel-modulators-influence-
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Iptakalim was unable to open pancreatic β-cell KATP channels, perhaps due to the presence of the SUR1, instead of the SUR2, subunit in these cells. Moreover, an intriguing finding was that iptakalim closed pancreatic β-cell-type KATP channels. It has been reported that PNU-99963, a nonsulfonylurea-based KATP channel inhibitor that has a structure similar to the KATP channel opener pinacidil, inhibits β-cell KATP channels (Cui et al., 2003). Structurally, iptakalim is also similar to the core portion of pinacidil; therefore, it is possible that KATP channel opener analogs with such a structure can inhibit KATP channels. Iptakalim may directly block β-cell KATP channels by acting on the Kir6.2 subunit (or some closely associated regulatory proteins). It is well documented that some KATP channel modulators, such as nicorandil, pinacidil, and glibenclamide, regulate KATP channel activity by targeting the regulating subunit SUR (Gribble and Ashcroft, 2000a; Hansen, 2006), whereas others (e.g., ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/322/2/871
The KATP channel activator diazoxide ameliorates amyloid-β and Tau pathologies and improves memory in the 3xTgAD mouse model of...The KATP channel activator diazoxide ameliorates amyloid-β and Tau pathologies and improves memory in the 3xTgAD mouse model of...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The KATP channel activator diazoxide ameliorates amyloid-β and Tau pathologies and improves memory in the 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimers disease. AU - Liu, Dong. AU - Pitta, Michael. AU - Lee, Jong Hwan. AU - Ray, Balmiki. AU - Lahiri, Debomoy. AU - Furukawa, Katsutoshi. AU - Mughal, Mohamed. AU - Jiang, Haiyang. AU - Villarreal, Julissa. AU - Cutler, Roy G.. AU - Greig, Nigel H.. AU - Mattson, Mark P.. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - Compromised cellular energy metabolism, cerebral hypoperfusion, and neuronal calcium dysregulation are involved in the pathological process of Alzheimers disease (AD). ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in plasma membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane play important roles in modulating neuronal excitability, cell survival, and cerebral vascular tone. To investigate the therapeutic potential of drugs that activate KATP channels in AD, we first characterized the effects of the KATP channel opener diazoxide on cultured neurons, and then ...
https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-katp-channel-activator-diazoxide-ameliorates-amyloid-%CE%B2-and-ta
The ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Subunit, Kir6.1, in Vascular Smooth Muscle Plays a Major Role in Blood Pressure Control |...The ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Subunit, Kir6.1, in Vascular Smooth Muscle Plays a Major Role in Blood Pressure Control |...
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) regulate a range of biological activities by coupling membrane excitability to the cellular metabolic state. In particular, it has been proposed that KATP channels and specifically, the channel subunits Kir6.1 and SUR2B, play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone. However, recent experiments have suggested that KATP channels outside the vascular smooth muscle compartment are the key determinant of the observed behavior. Thus, we address the importance of the vascular smooth muscle KATP channel, using a novel murine model in which it is possible to conditionally delete the Kir6.1 subunit. Using a combination of molecular, electrophysiological, in vitro, and in vivo techniques, we confirmed the absence of Kir6.1 and KATP currents and responses specifically in smooth muscle. Mice with conditional deletion of Kir6.1 showed no obvious arrhythmic phenotype even after provocation with ergonovine. However, these mice were hypertensive and vascular ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/06/09/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03116
Advances in cardiac ATP-Sensitive K <sup>+</sup> channelopathies from molecules to...Advances in cardiac ATP-Sensitive K <sup>+</sup> channelopathies from molecules to...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Advances in cardiac ATP-Sensitive K + channelopathies from molecules to populations. AU - Terzic, Andre. AU - Alekseev, Alexey E.. AU - Yamada, Satsuki. AU - Reyes, Santiago. AU - Olson, Timothy Mark. PY - 2011/8. Y1 - 2011/8. N2 - Deficient cellular energetics set by aberrant K ATP channel function increasingly is implicated in a spectrum of conditions underlying metabolic imbalance and electric instability. 5 Indeed, cardiac K ATP channelopathies are emerging as a recognized disease entity underlying heart failure and arrhythmia. 19 Understanding the molecular structure and function of K ATP channel subunits, 8 and their relationship to cellular metabolic signaling, 99 has been instrumental in interpreting the pathophysiology of channel malfunction associated with heart disease predisposition (Figure 3). 12 From individual patients to populations, variants in K ATP channel genes now have been documented in human dilated cardiomyopathy 21 and atrial fibrillation 20 and as risk ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/advances-in-cardiac-atp-sensitive-k-supsup-channelopathies-from-m
Coronary spasm and acute myocardial infarction due to a mutation (V734I) in the nucleotide binding domain 1 of ABCC9. - Oxford...Coronary spasm and acute myocardial infarction due to a mutation (V734I) in the nucleotide binding domain 1 of ABCC9. - Oxford...
BACKGROUND: Alterations in coronary vasomotor tone may participate in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Vascular ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channels, formed by Kir6.x/SUR2B, are key regulators of coronary tone and mutations in cardiac (Kir6.2/SUR2A) KATP channels result in heart disease. Here we explore the pathophysiological mechanism of a rare mutation (V734I) found in exon 17 of the ABCC9 gene, estimated to cause a 6.4-fold higher risk of AMI before the age of 60. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven patients carrying the mutation were identified; they presented AMI of vasospastic origin associated with increased plasma levels of endothelin-1 and increased leukocyte ROCK activity. The effects of the mutation on the functional properties of the two splice variants of ABCC9 (SUR2A and SUR2B) were studied using patch-clamp electrophysiology. The mutation reduced the sensitivity to MgATP inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR2B channels but not of Kir6.2/SUR2A and Kir6.1/SUR2B channels. Furthermore, the
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/406708
Octameric Stoichiometry of the KATP Channel Complex | JGPOctameric Stoichiometry of the KATP Channel Complex | JGP
KATP channels are unique amongst known potassium channels in requiring an unrelated ABC protein subunit (SUR1) in addition to an inward rectifier K channel (Kir6.2) subunit (Inagaki et al., 1995a). In other cloned inward rectifiers, strong inward rectification is controlled by a pore-lining residue in the M2 transmembrane segment (Fakler et al., 1994; Ficker et al., 1994; Lopatin et al., 1994; Lu and MacKinnon, 1994; Stanfield et al., 1994). Mutation of the corresponding residue in Kir6.2 from asparagine to aspartate results in generation of KATP channels that rectify strongly in the presence of cytoplasmic spermine (Fig. 1 b; Clement et al., 1997; Shyng et al., 1997), single channel conductance being unaltered and channels remaining sensitive to inhibition by ATP (Shyng et al., 1997). The requirement for SUR1 to form active channels still raises the possibility that the receptor might also contribute to the pore, and perhaps reduce or otherwise alter the number of Kir6.2 subunits involved. The ...
http://jgp.rupress.org/content/110/6/655
Zinc is both an intracellular and extracellular regulator of KATP channel functionZinc is both an intracellular and extracellular regulator of KATP channel function
Extracellular Zn(2+) has been identified as an activator of pancreatic K(ATP) channels. We further examined the action of Zn(2+) on recombinant K(ATP) channels formed with the inward rectifier K(+) channel subunit Kir6.2 associated with either the pancreatic/neuronal sulphonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15218066/?dopt=Abstract
Potassium Channel Function in Vascular Disease | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular BiologyPotassium Channel Function in Vascular Disease | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Most information currently available regarding vascular K+ channel function in diabetes concerns KATP channels. As for chronic hypertension, there are now several reports of impaired vascular relaxant responses to synthetic openers of KATP channels in long-term diabetes. These studies have mostly utilized the streptozotocin-injected rat model of diabetes and have examined vessels at 2.5 to 4 months after streptozotocin treatment. In this model in which plasma glucose levels are increased 3- to 4-fold, impaired relaxation of the isolated aorta122 123 124 and mesenteric vascular bed125 and reduced dilatation of large126 and small127 cerebral arteries in vivo typically develop. These changes are thought to be the result of a decreased number of vascular KATP channels and/or reduced sensitivity of these channels to synthetic openers. Nonspecific cytotoxic effects of streptozotocin seem an unlikely cause of these changes because, like other manifestations of vascular dysfunction, abnormal vasodilator ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/21/1/28
Potassium Channel Function in Vascular Disease | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular BiologyPotassium Channel Function in Vascular Disease | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Most information currently available regarding vascular K+ channel function in diabetes concerns KATP channels. As for chronic hypertension, there are now several reports of impaired vascular relaxant responses to synthetic openers of KATP channels in long-term diabetes. These studies have mostly utilized the streptozotocin-injected rat model of diabetes and have examined vessels at 2.5 to 4 months after streptozotocin treatment. In this model in which plasma glucose levels are increased 3- to 4-fold, impaired relaxation of the isolated aorta122 123 124 and mesenteric vascular bed125 and reduced dilatation of large126 and small127 cerebral arteries in vivo typically develop. These changes are thought to be the result of a decreased number of vascular KATP channels and/or reduced sensitivity of these channels to synthetic openers. Nonspecific cytotoxic effects of streptozotocin seem an unlikely cause of these changes because, like other manifestations of vascular dysfunction, abnormal vasodilator ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/21/1/28.full
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In the present study, the novel KATP channel antagonist HMR 1402 did not alter the cardiac action potential under control conditions but significantly attenuated the shortening of the APD90 induced either by the KATP channel agonist rilmakalim or by hypoxia. In a similar manner, the same concentration of this drug that attenuated these reductions in APD90 did not inhibit the activation of pancreatic or coronary vascular KATP channels in vitro. In conscious dogs, HMR 1402 prevented ischemically induced ventricular fibrillation without altering the increases in mean coronary blood flow induced either by submaximal exercise or by the reactive hyperemic response to brief (15-s) coronary artery occlusions. These findings were in marked contrast to glibenclamide that provoked large reductions in coronary blood flow (Billman et al., 1993, 1998). Finally, HMR 1402, in contrast to glibenclamide (Billman et al., 1998), did not alter plasma insulin concentrations. When considered together, these data ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/309/1/182
Hypertrophy decreases cardiac KATP channel responsiveness to exogenous and locally generated (glycolytic) ATP.Hypertrophy decreases cardiac KATP channel responsiveness to exogenous and locally generated (glycolytic) ATP.
This study tests the hypothesis that glycolytic regulation of KATP channel activity is altered in myocardial hypertrophy. Left ventricular (LV) subendocardial myocytes were isolated from cats with normal or left ventricular hypertrophied hearts (LVH)
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Hypertrophy-decreases-cardiac-KATP-channel/9344777.html
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In addition to the pancreatic β-cell the KATP channel resides on smooth and cardiac muscles and other nonneural tissues. The KATP channel is present on brain GR neurons but not glia (20). The Kir6.2 pore-forming unit (20, 32, 35,63) and both a high (SUR1)- and low (SUR2)-affinity form of the SUR have been cloned and identified in brain (21, 33, 49, 51, 63, 114). A presumptive endogenous ligand for the SUR, α-endosulfine, was also identified in the brain (84) but little is known about its regulation or regional distribution. Similar to the pancreatic β-cell, the KATP channel on GR neurons is inactivated by an increased intracellular ATP-to-ADP ratio or the presence of sulfonylureas. This leads to accumulation of intracellular K+ with subsequent membrane depolarization and cell firing (6, 21, 87, 89). Although it is clear that GR neurons use glucose as a signaling molecule acting via the KATP channel, several unresolved issues remain. First, the neuronal glucose transporter (GLUT-3) (26) and ...
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/276/5/R1223
Interaction of the Cytosolic Domains of the Kir6.2 Subunit of the KATP Channel Is Modulated by Sulfonylureas | DiabetesInteraction of the Cytosolic Domains of the Kir6.2 Subunit of the KATP Channel Is Modulated by Sulfonylureas | Diabetes
Recombinant KATP channels consisting of CFP-Kir6.2 or CFP-Kir6.2-YFP (Fig. 1A) with or without SUR1 or SUR2A were expressed in HEK cells and illuminated at 440 nm, the excitation wavelength of the donor fluorophore CFP. Fluorescence was recorded at both 535 nm, the peak emission wavelength of the acceptor fluorophore YFP, and at 480 nm, the peak emission wavelength of CFP. The extent of FRET was quantified as the fluorescence ratio F535/F480.. Figure 1B shows the F535/F480 ratio recorded for each combination of subunits studied. This value was negligible for CFP-Kir6.2 (which lacks the YFP fluorophore), demonstrating that our method of correction for CFP bleedthrough was effective. In contrast, cells expressing CFP-Kir6.2-YFP showed significant FRET (Fig. 2B). This result indicates that CFP and YFP lie within a few nanometers of each other. Because CFP is attached to the NH2-terminus of Kir6.2 and YFP to the COOH-terminus, the distal parts of the intracellular domains of Kir6.2 must also lie ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/51/suppl_3/S377.full
Alchemy in the Soup: Transforming Metabolic Signals to Excitability | Science SignalingAlchemy in the Soup: Transforming Metabolic Signals to Excitability | Science Signaling
The intersection of cell metabolism with electrical signaling links the environment and cell function over time scales ranging from milliseconds to lifetimes. In responding to cellular metabolites, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are an important component of this intersection. Recent studies have begun to delineate the roles of KATP channels in multiple tissues and the far-reaching consequences of aberrant KATP channel activity and disturbed sensing of cell metabolism.. ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2007/410/pe59
Endothelial biology and ATP-sensitive potassium channels.Endothelial biology and ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
This is the Authors Original Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Channels on 02 Jan 2018 available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/19336950.2017.1412151 ...
https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/32204
Regulation of Subsarcolemmal ATP by Subsarcolemmal KATP Channels: Is it Important for Cardioprotection - Discovery - the...Regulation of Subsarcolemmal ATP by Subsarcolemmal KATP Channels: Is it Important for Cardioprotection - Discovery - the...
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https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/projects/regulation-of-subsarcolemmal-atp-by-subsarcolemmal-katp-channels-
Short-term effects of glipizide (an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor) on cardiopulmonary...Short-term effects of glipizide (an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor) on cardiopulmonary...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Short-term effects of glipizide (an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor) on cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and global oxygen transport in healthy and endotoxemic sheep. AU - Lange, Matthias. AU - Szabo, Csaba. AU - Van Aken, Hugo. AU - Williams, William. AU - Traber, Daniel L.. AU - Daudel, Fritz. AU - Bröking, Katrin. AU - Salzman, Andrew L.. AU - Bone, Hans Georg. AU - Westphal, Martin. PY - 2006/11. Y1 - 2006/11. N2 - In severe sepsis and septic shock, hemodynamic support is often complicated by a tachyphylaxis against exogenous catecholamines. Because activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hyperdynamic vasodilatory shock, we hypothesized that it may be beneficial to administer a specific KATP channel inhibitor to prevent, or at least attenuate, hemodynamic dysfunction in sepsis. The present study was designed as a prospective and controlled laboratory experiment to ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/short-term-effects-of-glipizide-an-adenosine-triphosphate-sensiti
Functional effects of naturally occurring KCNJ11 mutations causing neonatal diabetes on cloned cardiac KATP channels. - Oxford...Functional effects of naturally occurring KCNJ11 mutations causing neonatal diabetes on cloned cardiac KATP channels. - Oxford...
ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels are hetero-octamers of inwardly rectifying K+ channel (Kir6.2) and sulphonylurea receptor subunits (SUR1 in pancreatic beta-cells, SUR2A in heart). Heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in Kir6.2 cause neonatal diabetes, which may be accompanied by epilepsy and developmental delay. However, despite the importance of K(ATP) channels in the heart, patients have no obvious cardiac problems. We examined the effects of adenine nucleotides on K(ATP) channels containing wild-type or mutant (Q52R, R201H) Kir6.2 plus either SUR1 or SUR2A. In the absence of Mg2+, both mutations reduced ATP inhibition of SUR1- and SUR2A-containing channels to similar extents, but when Mg2+ was present ATP blocked mutant channels containing SUR1 much less than SUR2A channels. Mg-nucleotide activation of SUR1, but not SUR2A, channels was markedly increased by the R201H mutation. Both mutations also increased resting whole-cell K(ATP) currents through heterozygous SUR1-containing channels to a
https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/113630
Spontaneous contractions of the pig urinary bladder: The effect of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and the role of the mucosa<...Spontaneous contractions of the pig urinary bladder: The effect of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and the role of the mucosa<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Spontaneous contractions of the pig urinary bladder. T2 - The effect of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and the role of the mucosa. AU - Akino, Hironobu. AU - Chapple, Christopher R.. AU - McKay, Neil G.. AU - Cross, Rebecca L.. AU - Murakami, Shigetaka. AU - Yokoyama, Osamu. AU - Chess-Williams, Russell. AU - Sellers, Donna J.. PY - 2008/11. Y1 - 2008/11. N2 - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the mucosa on the inhibitory effects of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) opener, cromakalim, on the spontaneous contractions of pig bladder strips from the bladder dome and trigone. Little is known about the influence of the mucosa on spontaneous contractions and whether the nature of these contractions differs between the bladder dome and trigone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paired longitudinal strips of female pig bladders were isolated from the dome and trigone. The mucosa was removed from one strip per pair and tissues were set up in organ baths. Spontaneous ...
https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/spontaneous-contractions-of-the-pig-urinary-bladder-the-effect-of
Abstract 16645: Abcc9 Contributes to Mitochondrial Katp Function and Protection From Cardiomyopathy | CirculationAbstract 16645: Abcc9 Contributes to Mitochondrial Katp Function and Protection From Cardiomyopathy | Circulation
In response to intracellular energy supply, ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels alter membrane potential and mediate cell stress response. The Abcc9 gene encodes the major regulatory subunit in the heart, sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2), as well as smaller mitochondria-enriched proteins that contribute to sulfonylurea-insensitive KATP channels. Pharmacological studies suggest mitochondrial KATP channels are critical regulators of cell stress, however the molecular composition of this channel has been unclear. We now studied the role of KATP channels by deleting exon 5 of Abcc9. This strategy ablated expression of both full length SUR2 protein as well as the smaller mitochondrial 55 KDa protein. Homozygous exon 5 (Ex5) mice died within 14 days of birth with progressive cardiac contractile dysfunction. Diazoxide was found to depolarize mitochondria from wildtype cardiomyocytes but not Ex5 mitochondria, consistent with disrupted mitochondrial KATP channels. Ex5 mitochondria had a reduced cross ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/124/Suppl_21/A16645
Glucose-dependent regulation of rhythmic action potential firing in pancreatic beta-cells by K(ATP)-channel modulation. -...Glucose-dependent regulation of rhythmic action potential firing in pancreatic beta-cells by K(ATP)-channel modulation. -...
The regulation of a K(+) current activating during oscillatory electrical activity (I(K,slow)) in an insulin-releasing beta-cell was studied by applying the perforated patch whole-cell technique to intact mouse pancreatic islets. The resting whole-cell conductance in the presence of 10 mM glucose amounted to 1.3 nS, which rose by 50 % during a series of 26 simulated action potentials. Application of the K(ATP)-channel blocker tolbutamide produced uninterrupted action potential firing and reduced I(K,slow) by approximately 50 %. Increasing glucose from 15 to 30 mM, which likewise converted oscillatory electrical activity into continuous action potential firing, reduced I(K,slow) by approximately 30 % whilst not affecting the resting conductance. Action potential firing may culminate in opening of K(ATP) channels by activation of ATP-dependent Ca(2+) pumping as suggested by the observation that the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin (4 microM) inhibited I(K,slow) by
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/14293
Hydrochlorothiazide: An hyperglycaemia-inducing agent and K-ATP channel agonist in human beta-cells and clonal insulin...Hydrochlorothiazide: An hyperglycaemia-inducing agent and K-ATP channel agonist in human beta-cells and clonal insulin...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrochlorothiazide: An hyperglycaemia-inducing agent and K-ATP channel agonist in human beta-cells and clonal insulin-secreting cells.. AU - Barnes, PD. AU - OBrien, RE. AU - Abdel-Wahab, Yasser. AU - Cosgrove, KE. AU - Flatt, Peter. AU - Dunne, MJ. PY - 1999/8. Y1 - 1999/8. M3 - Article. VL - 42. SP - 482. JO - Diabetologia. JF - Diabetologia. SN - 0012-186X. IS - Suppl.. ER - ...
https://ulster-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hydrochlorothiazide-an-hyperglycaemia-inducing-agent-and-k-atp-ch-3
Autocrine insulin increases plasma membrane K<sub>ATP</sub> channel via PI3K-VAMP2 pathway in MIN6...Autocrine insulin increases plasma membrane K<sub>ATP</sub> channel via PI3K-VAMP2 pathway in MIN6...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Autocrine insulin increases plasma membrane KATP channel via PI3K-VAMP2 pathway in MIN6 cells. AU - Xu, Shanhua. AU - Kim, Ji Hee. AU - Hwang, Kyu Hee. AU - Das, Ranjan. AU - Quan, Xianglan. AU - Nguyen, Tuyet Thi. AU - Kim, Soo Jin. AU - Cha, Seung Kuy. AU - Park, Kyu Sang. PY - 2015/12/25. Y1 - 2015/12/25. N2 - Regulation of ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium (KATP) channel plays a critical role in metabolism-secretion coupling of pancreatic β-cells. Released insulin from β-cells inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion with autocrine and paracrine modes. However, molecular mechanism by which insulin inhibits hormone secretion remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of autocrine insulin on surface abundance of KATP channel in mouse clonal β-cell line, MIN6. High glucose increased plasmalemmal sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), a component of KATP channel as well as exogenous insulin treatment. SUR1 trafficking by high glucose or insulin was blocked by ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/autocrine-insulin-increases-plasma-membrane-k-subatpsub-channel-v
Context: ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) stations regulate insulin secretion by coupling glucose | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors...Context: ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) stations regulate insulin secretion by coupling glucose | Role of NK1 and NK2 receptors...
Context: ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) stations regulate insulin secretion by coupling glucose rate of metabolism to β-cell membrane potential. gating properties of the producing channels were assessed biochemically and electrophysiologically. Results: Both E208K and V324M augment channel response to MgADP activation without altering level of sensitivity to ATP4? or sulfonylureas. Remarkably whereas E208K causes only a small increase in MgADP response consistent with the slight transient diabetes phenotype V324M causes a severe activating gating defect. Unlike E208K V324M also impairs channel expression in the cell surface which is definitely expected ON-01910 to dampen its practical impact on β-cells. When either mutation was combined with a mutation in the second nucleotide binding website of SUR1 previously shown to abolish Mg-nucleotide response the activating effect of E208K and V324M was also abolished. Moreover combination of E208K and V324M results in channels with Mg-nucleotide level ...
http://stopvivisection.info/context-atp-sensitive-potassium-katp-stations-regulate-insulin-secretion-by-coupling-glucose/
Renaud, Jean-Marc | Département de médecine cellulaire et moléculaire | Université dOttawaRenaud, Jean-Marc | Département de médecine cellulaire et moléculaire | Université dOttawa
Among the several ion channels expressed in skeletal muscle, this laboratory has largely focused on the ATP-sensitive K + channel or KATP channel. This channel is interesting because its activity is regulated by the energy state of the muscle fibers, where a decrease in energy reserve increases the activity of the channel. It therefore behaves as an energy sensor. Being an ion channel, it is also an effector, which links the energy state of the fiber to the electrical activity of the cell membrane.. Our studies have now clearly demonstrated that the KATP channel is crucial in preventing fiber damage during treadmill running and fatigue elicited in vitro (References #4-5). We are in the process of elucidating two major mechanisms of action for the channel. The first mechanism involves a reduction in action potential amplitude (Reference #6). As a consequence of lower action potential amplitude, less Ca 2+ is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and less force is developed by the contractile ...
https://med.uottawa.ca/cellulaire-moleculaire/personnes/renaud-jean-marc
Mechanisms by which glucose can control insulin release independently from its action on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+...Mechanisms by which glucose can control insulin release independently from its action on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+...
대전광역시 유성구 대학로 245 한국과학기술정보연구원TEL : 042.869.1234 서울시 동대문구 회기로 66NDSL고객센터 : 080.969.4114E-mail : [email protected] 대표자 : 한선화사업자등록번호 : 205-82-04043 ...
http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/search/detail/article/articleSearchResultDetail.do?cn=NART00105351
Fiziologichnyi ZhurnalFiziologichnyi Zhurnal
In experiments on the anaesthetized dogs the influence of a new fluorine-containing opener of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels flocalin on the cardiohemodynamic of great animals in vivo was studied. Flocalin introduced intravenously in doses 0.01 - 1.5 mgs/kg. It is shown that it reduces in dose-dependent manner a system arterial pressure, perfusion pressure in coronary artery and general peripheral resistance of vessels with maximal effects on 56.8 +/- 2.7, 22.4 +/- 4.7 and 47.2% +/- 6.5% accordingly at most dose 1.5 mgs/kg. Flocalin causes development of cardiodepressive reactions in heart, that is exhibited in dose-dependent the decrease of pressure in the left ventricle, speed of growth (dP/dt(max)) and reduction (dP/dt(min)) in its of pressure with maximal effects on 37.1 +/- 5.1, 51.2 +/- 9.4 and 55.6% +/- 6.9% accordingly at introduction of most dose of flocalin. Diminish of the cardiac out put and heart rate with a maximal effects on 23.1% +/-12.7% and 19.2% +/- 1.7% ...
https://fz.kiev.ua/index.php?abs=989
CiNii 論文 - 心不全によるK |ATP|チャネルの変調 : レシピエントから得た心筋による検討CiNii 論文 - 心不全によるK |ATP|チャネルの変調 : レシピエントから得た心筋による検討
心不全によるK_,ATP,チャネルの変調 : レシピエントから得た心筋による検討 Alterations in ATP-sensitive potassium channel sensitivity to ATP in failing human hearts ...
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10012626158
Beneficial Effect of Propofol on Arterial Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive K+Channel Function Impaired by Thromboxane |...Beneficial Effect of Propofol on Arterial Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive K+Channel Function Impaired by Thromboxane |...
Propofol reportedly possesses potential antioxidant properties caused by its chemical structure similar to that of phenol-based free-radical scavengers such as vitamin E.10 Previous in vivo or in vitro studies documented that this intravenous anesthetic reduces oxidative stress toward blood vessels.11,12 These results suggest that this anesthetic may be protective against the vascular dysfunction caused by increased oxidative stress. Indeed, propofol (3 × 10−7to 10−6m) recovered vascular ATP-sensitive K+channel function via reduction of superoxide levels within arterial walls. In addition, 10−6m of this agent completely inhibited protein expression of a Nox2-related NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox. The plasma concentration of propofol during induction of anesthesia in humans has been reported as up to 3 × 10−5m, and burst suppression doses of propofol for cerebral protection are up to 6 × 10−5m.20-22 Effective concentrations of propofol (3 × 10−7to 10−6m) to inhibit NADPH oxidase ...
http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1923713
JCI - The ATP-sensitive K+ channel mediates hypotension in endotoxemia and hypoxic lactic acidosis in dog.JCI - The ATP-sensitive K+ channel mediates hypotension in endotoxemia and hypoxic lactic acidosis in dog.
Endotoxemia causes hypotension characterized by vasodilation and resistance to vasopressor agents. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes are unclear. The ATP-regulated K+ (K+ATP) channel has recently been found to be an important modulator of vascular smooth muscle tone which may transduce local metabolic changes into alterations of vascular flow. We report here that in endotoxic hypotension, the sulfonylurea glyburide, a specific inhibitor for the K+ATP channel, caused vasoconstriction and restoration of blood pressure. Glyburide also induced vasoconstriction and restoration of blood pressure in the vasodilatory hypotension caused by hypoxic lactic acidosis, while it was ineffective in the hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside. Thus, vasodilation and hypotension in septic shock are, at least in part, due to activation of the K+ATP channel in vascular smooth muscle, and anaerobic metabolism with acidosis is a sufficient stimulus for channel activation. Because anaerobic ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/115820/scanned-page/2073
Impact of In Vivo Preconditioning by Isoflurane on Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channels in the Rat Heart...Impact of In Vivo Preconditioning by Isoflurane on Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channels in the Rat Heart...
Consistent with the report by Han et al. ,22 the single-channel conductance was not altered by isoflurane in our study. However, in contrast to findings in other species,22,24 application of isoflurane to the inside-out membrane patches from rat non-APC myocytes increased the probability of channel opening. Characteristically, Po was increased during exposure to isoflurane but declined upon anesthetic washout. Because single-channel recordings were made at intracellular pH 7.2, which is in the range of normal physiologic intracellular pH in rat cardiomyocytes,25 the effect of isoflurane on channel activity in rats seems different from those in guinea pigs, where isoflurane increased Po only at more acidic, ischemic-like pH of 6.8,23 and in rabbits where isoflurane clearly had an inhibitory effect on Po at intracellular pH of 7.4.22 The in vivo APC in rats produced no lasting change in channel activity, and Po values of channels in APC and non-APC myocytes were similar. The observation that Po of ...
http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1923251
Cerebral ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels During Acute Reduction of Carotid Blood Flow | HypertensionCerebral ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels During Acute Reduction of Carotid Blood Flow | Hypertension
We found in the present study that ICV injections of glibenclamide produced a dose-dependent pressor effect in rats with bilateral ligation of the carotid arteries but not in sham-operated rats. Because glibenclamide is a specific and potent blocker of KATP18 and because intravenous administration of glibenclamide did not elicit any cardiovascular response in rats with bilateral ligation of the carotid arteries, this pressor effect must be closely related to inhibition of KATP in the ischemic brain. Intravenous glibenclamide can reach the brain after bilateral ligation of the carotid artery because the residual blood flow still exists, although the amount of glibenclamide must be lower than the ICV injection because of the dilution with blood. A lack of vasopressor effects with intravenous injections of glibenclamide suggests that a large amount of glibenclamide is needed to inhibit KATP in rat brain. Otherwise, glibenclamide may not penetrate the blood-brain barrier.. Although KATP in the ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/25/5/1069
AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...
AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2012 Feb; 52(2):410-8 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/1043354
PSD95 scaffolding of vascular K+ channels in hypertension - Sung RheePSD95 scaffolding of vascular K+ channels in hypertension - Sung Rhee
Shaker-type, voltage-gated K+ (KV1) channels are an important determinant of the resting membrane potential and diameter of small cerebral arteries. During hype...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-HL097107-03
Differences in the mechanism of metabolic regulation of ATP-se...Differences in the mechanism of metabolic regulation of ATP-se...
Differences in the mechanism of metabolic regulation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels containing Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 subunits.: Kir6.1\SUR2B has intrinsic sensitivity
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/differences-mechanism-metabolic-regulation-atp-sensitive-k+-channels-containing-kir6-1-kir6-2-subunits-6aaa8e9b
From My Kitchen With Love: Petola Ular GorengFrom My Kitchen With Love: Petola Ular Goreng
Hari ni Ida nk tayang sayur petola ular goreng... pernah makan ke sayur petola ular ni? mana la tau kot2 dengar nama pun dh geli.. hehehe.. Ida jarang2 je makan.. tu pun kalau my mom beli.. tapi sekali sekala makan sedap jugak.. tak cukup dibuatnya heheheh ...
http://sunkist79.blogspot.com/2009/12/petola-ular-goreng.html?showComment=1261632138824
List of causes of hypoglycemiaList of causes of hypoglycemia
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) H. Huopio1, S.-L. Shyng, T. Otonkoski3, and C. G. Nichols4 (2002-08-01). "KATP channels ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_causes_of_hypoglycemia
BimakalimBimakalim
A Promising KATP Channel Activating Agent". Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. 18: 25. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2000.tb00031.x. v t e ... Bimakalim is a potassium channel opener. Puddu, Paolo Emilio; Garlid, Keith D; Monti, Francesco; Iwashiro, Katsunori; Picard, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimakalim
Cantú syndromeCantú syndrome
Both genes encode in ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel subunits. This second gene is also located on the short arm of ... Nichols, Colin G.; Singh, Gautam K.; Grange, Dorothy K. (2013-03-29). "KATP channels and cardiovascular disease: Suddenly a ... causes inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channels and contraction of smooth muscle (in ductus). This condition can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantú_syndrome
Colin NicholsColin Nichols
He was instrumental in cloning the first inward rectifier channel and the regulatory subunit of the KATP channel. He elucidated ... Colin Nichols elected to Royal Society, WUSTL Newsroom 2014-06-27 Nichols, C. G. (2006). "KATP channels as molecular sensors of ... Nichol's research investigates the biology of ion channels, particularly potassium channels, and their role in diabetes ... "Targeted Overactivity of β Cell KATP Channels Induces Profound Neonatal Diabetes". Cell. 100 (6): 645-654. doi:10.1016/S0092- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Nichols
Sulfonylurea receptorSulfonylurea receptor
Hence, the KATP channel monitors the energy balance within the cell. Depending on the tissue in which the KATP channel is ... The association of four Kir6.x and four SUR subunits form an ion conducting channel commonly referred to as the KATP channel. ... binds to the KATP channel resulting in channel closure. The relative depolarization (decrease in membrane hyperpolarization), ... Under cerebral ischemic conditions, SUR1, the regulatory subunit of the KATP and the NCCa-ATP channels, is expressed in neurons ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonylurea_receptor
HMR 1883HMR 1883
Since KATP channels only become activated during periods of low ATP and High ADP, HMR 1883 only affects hypoxic tissue and has ... Activation of the KATP channels on cardiac mitochondria is involved in ischemic preconditioning that results in protection for ... Cardioselective KATP Channel Blockers Derived from a New Series of m-Anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas J. Med. Chem. 44 (7 ... HMR 1098 is not an SUR isotype specific inhibitor of heterologous or sarcolemmal KATP channels. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 50(3): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMR_1883
ABCC9ABCC9
2004). "Syntaxin-1A inhibits cardiac KATP channels by its actions on nucleotide binding folds 1 and 2 of sulfonylurea receptor ... 2003). "Molecular basis and characteristics of KATP channel in human corporal smooth muscle cells". Int. J. Impot. Res. 15 (4 ... and its regulation of the KATP channel". Circ. Res. 102 (2): 164-76. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.165324. PMID 18239147. Ellis JA ... "Toward understanding the assembly and structure of KATP channels". Physiol. Rev. 78 (1): 227-45. doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC9
Imidazoline receptorImidazoline receptor
It may be associated with ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. AGN 192403Moxonidine CR-4056 Phenyzoline (2-(2-phenylethyl)-4,5- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazoline_receptor
KCNJ5KCNJ5
Zhuo ML, Huang Y, Liu DP, Liang CC (April 2005). "KATP channel: relation with cell metabolism and role in the cardiovascular ... Ashford ML, Bond CT, Blair TA, Adelman JP (1996). "Cloning and functional expression of a rat heart KATP channel". Nature. 378 ... Tucker SJ, James MR, Adelman JP (July 1995). "Assignment of KATP-1, the cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channel gene (KCNJ5), ... G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNJ5
Kir6.2Kir6.2
Gloyn AL, Siddiqui J, Ellard S (2006). "Mutations in the genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel subunits Kir6.2 ( ... Kir6.2 is a major subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, a lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channel. The gene ... "Molecular cell biology of KATP channels: implications for neonatal diabetes". Expert Rev Mol Med. 9 (21): 1-17. doi:10.1017/ ... Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel Potassium channel GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187486 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kir6.2
Caveolin 3Caveolin 3
In cardiac myocytes, caveolin-3 negatively regulates ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP) localized in caveolae. KATP ... other isoforms of caveolin do not show this type of effect on KATP channels. The amount of KATP activation during times of ... Caveolin-3 influences the opening of L-Type calcium channels (LTCC) which play a role in cardiac myocyte contraction. ... Garg V, Sun W, Hu K (2009). "Caveolin-3 negatively regulates recombinant cardiac K(ATP) channels". Biochem. Biophys. Res. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveolin_3
Congenital hyperinsulinismCongenital hyperinsulinism
... sees that channel trafficking requires KATP channels need the shielding of ER retention signal.E282K prevents the KATP channel ... is needed in KATP channel mechanism.R1215Q mutations (ABCC8 gene) affect ADP gating which in turn inhibits KATP channel. In ... Diazoxide works by opening the KATP channels of the beta cells. Octreotide must be given by injection several times a day or a ... especially those involving abnormalities of KATP channel function, can worsen or improve with time. The potential harm from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_hyperinsulinism
Maturity onset diabetes of the youngMaturity onset diabetes of the young
Sulfonylureas are effective in the KATP channel forms of neonatal-onset diabetes. The mouse model of MODY diabetes suggested ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturity_onset_diabetes_of_the_young
ENSA (gene)ENSA (gene)
ABCC8 is the regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, which is located on the plasma membrane of ... This protein is thought to be an endogenous regulator of KATP channels. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein ... a possible regulator of sulfonylurea-sensitive KATP channel: Molecular cloning, expression and biological properties". Proc ... modulates insulin secretion through the interaction with KATP channel, and this gene has been proposed as a candidate gene for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSA_(gene)
BacMamBacMam
"Titration of KATP channel expression in mammalian cells utilizing recombinant baculovirus transduction". Receptors & Channels. ... Receptors and Channels. 10 (3-4): 117-124. doi:10.1080/10606820490515012. PMID 15512846. Cheng, T; Xu, CY; Wang, YB; Chen, M; ... Receptors and Channels. 10 (3-4): 99-107. doi:10.1080/10606820490514969. PMID 15512844. Ames, Robert S; Kost, Thomas A; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BacMam
Capric acidCapric acid
"Ketogenic Diet Metabolites Reduce Firing in Central Neurons by Opening KATP Channels". The Journal of Neuroscience. 27 (14): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capric_acid
KCNJ8KCNJ8
1999). "Block of human aorta Kir6.1 by the vascular KATP channel inhibitor U37883A". Br. J. Pharmacol. 128 (3): 667-672. doi: ... 2003). "Molecular basis and characteristics of KATP channel in human corporal smooth muscle cells". Int. J. Impot. Res. 15 (4 ... 2001). "Pharmacological comparison of native mitochondrial K(ATP) channels with molecularly defined surface K(ATP) channels". ... Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 8, also known as KCNJ8, is a human gene encoding the Kir6.1 protein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNJ8
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1Glutamate dehydrogenase 1
"Clinical characteristics and biochemical mechanisms of congenital hyperinsulinism associated with dominant KATP channel ... FHI-GCK, caused by mutations in GCK, may be much milder than FHI-KATP; however, some persons have severe, diazoxide- ... Individuals with autosomal dominant FHI-KATP tend to be appropriate for gestational age at birth, to present at approximately ... Individuals with autosomal recessive familial hyperinsulinism, caused by mutations in either ABCC8 or KCNJ11 (FHI-KATP), tend ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_dehydrogenase_1
BW373U86BW373U86
Gross ER, Hsu AK, Gross GJ (July 2007). "GSK3β inhibition and KATP channel opening mediate acute opioid-induced ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BW373U86
Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndromeHyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
"Clinical characteristics and biochemical mechanisms of congenital hyperinsulinism associated with dominant KATP channel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia_syndrome
Frances AshcroftFrances Ashcroft
Ashcroft's research focuses on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP)channels and their role in insulin secretion. Ashcroft is working ... Ashcroft has authored a few science and popular science books based on ion channel physiology: Ion Channels and Disease: ... Ashcroft is a director of Oxion: Ion Channels and Disease Initiative, a research and training programme on integrative ion ... Dame Frances Mary Ashcroft DBE FRS FMedSci (born 1952) is a British ion channel physiologist. She is Royal Society ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Ashcroft
Al Aynsley-GreenAl Aynsley-Green
"Loss of functional KATP channels in pancreatic β-cells causes persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy". Nature ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Aynsley-Green
ARPP-19ARPP-19
... a possible regulator of sulfonylurea-sensitive KATP channel: molecular cloning, expression and biological properties". Proc. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPP-19
Diabetes medicationDiabetes medication
They are insulin secretagogues, triggering insulin release by inhibiting the KATP channel of the pancreatic beta cells. Eight ... By closing the potassium channels of the pancreatic beta cells, they open the calcium channels, thereby enhancing insulin ... They act on the same potassium channels as sulfonylureas, but at a different binding site. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_medication
Akinori NomaAkinori Noma
... has made many significant contributions to physiology including the discovery of the KATP ion channel. "Akinori ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Noma, A. (1983). "ATP-regulated K+ channels in cardiac muscle". Nature. 305 (5930): 147 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinori_Noma
Periodic paralysisPeriodic paralysis
Kim, SJ; Lee, YJ; Kim, JB (Jan 2010). "Reduced expression and abnormal localization of the KATP channel subunit SUR2A in ... Voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.4) mutations are among the key causes behind periodic paralysis. Hyper-kalemic PP (hyperPP) ... The underlying mechanism of these diseases are malfunctions in the ion channels in skeletal muscle cell membranes that allow ... Imparts pH-Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle Voltage-gated Sodium Channels". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 13. Bibcode:2018NatSR... ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_paralysis
Hypokalemic periodic paralysisHypokalemic periodic paralysis
Kim, SJ; Lee, YJ; Kim, JB (January 2010). "Reduced expression and abnormal localization of the KATP channel subunit SUR2A in ... Some patients will do well with extra magnesium (the body's natural ion channel blocker) or fish oil, while these same ... These mutations are loss-of-function, such that the channels cannot open normally.[citation needed] In patients with mutations ... voltage-gated potassium channel) has also been described, but is currently disputed, and excluded from the disease definition ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemic_periodic_paralysis
ABC proteini - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаABC proteini - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
1998). „=Toward understanding the assembly and structure of KATP channels". Physiol Rev. 78 (1): 227-45. PMID 9457174.. ... Campbell JD, Sansom MS, Ashcroft FM (2003). „Potassium channel regulation". EMBO Rep. 4 (11): 1038-42. PMC 1326373 . PMID ... Gadsby DC, Vergani P, Csanády L (2006). „The ABC protein turned chloride channel whose failure causes cystic fibrosis". Nature ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP-vezujući_kasetni_transporter
MitiglinideMitiglinide
... is thought to stimulate insulin secretion by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium KATP channels in pancreatic β ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitiglinide
NicorandilNicorandil
... activates KATP channels in the mitochondria of the myocardium, which appears to relay the cardioprotective effects, ... Studies show that this is due to its KATP channel agonist action which causes pharmacological preconditioning and provides ... PKG acts on K+ channels to promote K+ efflux and the ensuing hyperpolarization inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels. Overall ... which is associated with increased ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) opening. Nicorandil stimulates guanylate cyclase to increase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicorandil
KsenonKsenon
2004). "Two-pore-domain K+ channels are a novel target for the anesthetic gases xenon, nitrous oxide, and cyclopropane". Mol ... Putem njegovog utjecaja na Ca2+, K+, KATP\HIF i NMDA antagonizme, ksenon je neurozaštitan kada se upotrijebi prije, tokom i ... Yamakura T; Harris RA (2000). "Effects of gaseous anesthetics nitrous oxide and xenon on ligand-gated ion channels. Comparison ... produžavajući vrijeme otvorenosti KATP kanala i povećavajući frekvenciju.[109] Ksenon ushodno regulira transkripcioni faktor 1 ...
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenon
Ioonikanal - VikipeediaIoonikanal - Vikipeedia
Verkman, A. S., & Galietta, L. J. (2009). Chloride channels as drug targets. Nature reviews Drug discovery, 8(2), 153-171. doi: ... Mitokondri kanalid: sealhulgas mPTP, KATP, BK, IK, CLIC5 ja Kv7.4k, mis paiknevad sisemisel membraanil, ning välimise membraani ... Gabashvili, I. S., Sokolowski, B. H., Morton, C. C., & Giersch, A. B. (2007). Ion channel gene expression in the inner ear. ... Kim, D. (2005). Physiology and pharmacology of two-pore domain potassium channels. Current pharmaceutical design, 11(21), 2717- ...
https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioonkanalid
KCNJ6KCNJ6
"Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding a KATP channel-like protein expressed in insulin-secreting cells, localization of the human ... G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Characterization and variation of a human inwardly-rectifying-K-channel gene (KCNJ6): a putative ATP-sensitive K-channel ... G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNJ6 gene. Mutation in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNJ6
Pyruvate cyclingPyruvate cycling
June 2008). "Elimination of KATP Channels in Mouse Islets Results in Elevated U-13CGlucose Metabolism, Glutaminolysis, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate_cycling
Ion channelIon channel
KATP, BK, IK, CLIC5, Kv7.4 at the inner membrane and VDAC and CLIC4 as outer membrane channels. Some ion channels are ... Sodium channels Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) Epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) Calcium channels (CaVs) Proton channels ... Plasma membrane channels Examples: Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv), Sodium channels (Nav), Calcium channels (Cav) and ... Ion channels may be classified by gating, i.e. what opens and closes the channels. For example, voltage-gated ion channels open ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channel
KXSS-FMKXSS-FM
KXSS, along with its sister stations KPRF-FM, KATP-FM, KMXJ-FM, and KIXZ, was acquired along with approximately fifty other ... The 96.9 frequency was, until 2008, home to a country music format as "96.9 KMML," under the ownership of Clear Channel ... Communications; however, it was one of close to 450 radio stations sold by Clear Channel in the process of privatization, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KXSS-FM
Beta cellBeta cell
KATP channel closure, and the opening of voltage gated calcium channels causing insulin granule fusion and exocytosis. Voltage- ... These ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels are normally open and the calcium ion channels are normally closed. Potassium ions ... gated calcium channels and ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels are embedded in the plasma membrane of beta cells. ... The ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels close when this ratio rises. This means that potassium ions can no longer diffuse out ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell
GlibenclamideGlibenclamide
Moreover, under ischemic conditions SUR1, the regulatory subunit of the KATP- and the NCCa-ATP-channels, is expressed in ... The medication works by binding to and inhibiting the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) inhibitory regulatory subunit ... Serrano-Martín X, Payares G, Mendoza-León A (December 2006). "Glibenclamide, a blocker of K+(ATP) channels, shows ... This inhibition causes cell membrane depolarization, opening voltage-dependent calcium channels. This results in an increase in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glibenclamide
MeglitinideMeglitinide
They bind to an ATP-dependent K+ (KATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells in a similar manner to ... This depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The rise in intracellular calcium leads to increased fusion of insulin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meglitinide
Pike-Pawnee Village SitePike-Pawnee Village Site
Wulfkuhle, Virginia A. "KATP Field School Will Uncover New Information at Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site". Kansas ... from the bank's base to the present channel. The remains of over 100 earth lodges lie on the terrace between the bank and hills ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike-Pawnee_Village_Site
Jennifer S. LawtonJennifer S. Lawton
"Exploitation of the KATP Channel Opener Diazoxide during Cardiac Surgery." During her tenure at the Washington University ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_S._Lawton
Permanent neonatal diabetesPermanent neonatal diabetes
... which codes for the Kir6.2 subunit of the beta cell KATP channel. This disease is considered to be a type of maturity onset ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_neonatal_diabetes
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemiaHyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
KATP channel disorders) Paternal SUR1 mutation with clonal loss of heterozygosity of 11p15 Paternal Kir6.2 mutation with clonal ... loss of heterozygosity of 11p15 Diffuse hyperinsulinism KATP channel disorders SUR1 mutations Kir6.2 mutations Glucokinase gain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinsulinemic_hypoglycemia
Vagus nerveVagus nerve
Insulin signaling activates the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the arcuate nucleus, ... channels control hepatic glucose production". Nature. 434 (7036): 1026-31. Bibcode:2005Natur.434.1026P. doi:10.1038/nature03439 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nerve
MannoheptuloseMannoheptulose
... therefore no increase in ATP concentration which is required to close the KATP channel in the beta cells of the pancreas ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannoheptulose
KATP channel, ATP-sensitive K+ channel | DiabetesKATP channel, ATP-sensitive K+ channel | Diabetes
ATP Sensitivity of the ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel in Intact and Permeabilized Pancreatic β-Cells Andrei I. Tarasov, Christophe A. ... Activation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Amplifies Counterregulatory Hormone Responses to ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/keyword/katp-channel-atp-sensitive-k-channel
JCI - Activation of KATP channels suppresses glucose production in humansJCI - Activation of KATP channels suppresses glucose production in humans
Hypothalamic KATP channels control hepatic glucose production. Nature. 2005;434(7036):1026-1031.. View this article via: PubMed ... to block hypothalamic KATP channels, thereby determining whether oral diazoxide exerts its effects centrally. PEP, ... channels. KATP channels are expressed in certain neuronal populations within the ventromedial hypothalamus as well as in the ... administration of the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide. These results suggest that activation of hypothalamic KATP channels ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/58035
JCI - Activation of KATP channels suppresses glucose production in humansJCI - Activation of KATP channels suppresses glucose production in humans
... administration of the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide. These results suggest that activation of hypothalamic KATP channels ... While there is evidence for central regulation of EGP by activation of hypothalamic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in ... Oral administration of the KATP channel activator diazoxide under fixed hormonal conditions substantially decreased EGP in ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/58035/figure/3
Suppression of KATP channel activity protects murine pancreatic beta cells against oxidative stress. - PubMed - NCBISuppression of KATP channel activity protects murine pancreatic beta cells against oxidative stress. - PubMed - NCBI
Suppression of KATP channel activity protects murine pancreatic beta cells against oxidative stress.. Gier B1, Krippeit-Drews P ... Here, we examined the effects of genetic and pharmacologic ablation of KATP channels on loss of mouse beta cell function and ... Using mice lacking the sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (Sur1) subunit of KATP channels, we found that, compared with insulin ... Suppression of KATP channel activity protects murine pancreatic β cells against oxidative stress ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19805912?dopt=Abstract
katp channels Protocols and Video...'katp channels' Protocols and Video...
... katp channels include Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level, LC-MS ... KATP Channels: Heteromultimers of Kir6 channels (the pore portion) and sulfonylurea receptor (the regulatory portion) which ... Katp channel blockers include Glibenclamide and mitiglinide whereas openers include Cromakalim and minoxidil sulfate. ...
https://www.jove.com/keyword/katp+channels
Direct interaction of Na-azide with the KATP channelDirect interaction of Na-azide with the KATP channel
KATP) channels of the Kir6.2/SUR1 type. 2. In inside-out patches from oocytes expressing Kir6.2 delta C36 (a truncated form of ... which leads to activation of KATP channels in intact cells, intracellular Na-azide has direct effects on the KATP channel. ... Direct interaction of Na-azide with the KATP channel Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;131(6):1105-12. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703680. ... The direct effects of 3 mM Na-azide on KATP channels are negligible in comparison to the metabolic activation produced by the ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11082117/?dopt=Abstract
KATP Channels | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystKATP Channels | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
"KATP Channels" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "KATP Channels" was a major or minor topic of these ... "KATP Channels" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... KATP channel blockers include GLIBENCLAMIDE and mitiglinide whereas openers include CROMAKALIM and minoxidil sulfate. ... BAD and KATP channels regulate neuron excitability and epileptiform activity. Elife. 2018 01 25; 7. ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/KATP%20Channels
Zinc is both an intracellular and extracellular regulator of KATP channel functionZinc is both an intracellular and extracellular regulator of KATP channel function
... channels. We further examined the action of Zn(2+) on recombinant K(ATP) channels formed with the inward rectifier K(+) channel ... Zinc is both an intracellular and extracellular regulator of KATP channel function J Physiol. 2004 Aug 15;559(Pt 1):157-67. doi ... We further examined the action of Zn(2+) on recombinant K(ATP) channels formed with the inward rectifier K(+) channel subunit ... These findings uncover a novel regulatory pathway targeting K(ATP) channels, and suggest a new role for Zn(2+) as an ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15218066/?dopt=Abstract
Regulation of Cardiac Na+,Ca2+ Exchange and KATP Potassium Channels by PIP2 | ScienceRegulation of Cardiac Na+,Ca2+ Exchange and KATP Potassium Channels by PIP2 | Science
ATP-inhibited potassium channels (KATP) were also sensitive to PIP2, whereas Na+,K+ pumps and Na+ channels were not. Thus, PIP2 ... Regulation of Cardiac Na+,Ca2+ Exchange and KATP Potassium Channels by PIP2 ... Regulation of Cardiac Na+,Ca2+ Exchange and KATP Potassium Channels by PIP2 ... Regulation of Cardiac Na+,Ca2+ Exchange and KATP Potassium Channels by PIP2 ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/273/5277/956?ijkey=692c922093336302980fb34f2ccc907c957569f8&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
KATP channels and insulin secretion | HSTalksKATP channels and insulin secretion | HSTalks
Frances Mary Ashcroft on KATP channels and insulin secretion, part of a collection of online lectures. ... KATP channels and insulin secretion. *Prof. Frances Mary Ashcroft - Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University ... Ashcroft, F.M. (2012, July 3). KATP channels and insulin secretion [Video file]. In The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, ... Other Talks in the Series: Ion Channels. Functional modules in ion channels ...
https://hstalks.com/t/1953/katp-channels-and-insulin-secretion/?biosci
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Lupanine Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Influencing KATP Channels and Insulin Gene ExpressionMolecules | Free Full-Text | Lupanine Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Influencing KATP Channels and Insulin Gene Expression
Determination of the current through ATP-dependent K+ channels (KATP channels) revealed that lupanine directly inhibited the ... the KATP channel block was incomplete. Oral administration of lupanine did not induce hypoglycemia. By contrast, lupanine ... channel. The effect was dose-dependent but, even with a high lupanine concentration of 1 mmol/L or after a prolonged exposure ... Determination of the current through ATP-dependent K+ channels (KATP channels) revealed that lupanine directly inhibited the ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/20/10/19085
Regulation of KATP Channel Trafficking in Pancreatic β Cells by Protein Histidine Phosphorylation | DiabetesRegulation of KATP Channel Trafficking in Pancreatic β Cells by Protein Histidine Phosphorylation | Diabetes
Regulation of KATP Channel Trafficking in Pancreatic β Cells by Protein Histidine Phosphorylation ... PHPT-1-/- mice exhibited neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to impaired trafficking of KATP channels to the plasma ... Regulation of KATP Channel Trafficking in Pancreatic β Cells by Protein Histidine Phosphorylation ... Regulation of KATP Channel Trafficking in Pancreatic β Cells by Protein Histidine Phosphorylation ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2018/02/07/db17-1433
Hypertrophy decreases cardiac KATP channel responsiveness to exogenous and locally generated (glycolytic) ATP.Hypertrophy decreases cardiac KATP channel responsiveness to exogenous and locally generated (glycolytic) ATP.
This study tests the hypothesis that glycolytic regulation of KATP channel activity is altered in myocardial hypertrophy. Left ... Single channel conductance in the absence of PEP was similar (70 pS, normal; 66 pS, LVH). However, LVH KATP channels showed ... In both cell types, KATP channels were activated in the absence of PEP, inhibited when PEP was added and activated again when ... 10455327 - Katp channels and border zone arrhythmias: role of the repolarization dispersion betw.... 12475777 - Sulfonylurea ...
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Hypertrophy-decreases-cardiac-KATP-channel/9344777.html
Stimulation of neuronal KATP channels by cGMP-dependent protein kinase: involvement of ROS and 5-hydroxydecanoate-sensitive...Stimulation of neuronal KATP channels by cGMP-dependent protein kinase: involvement of ROS and 5-hydroxydecanoate-sensitive...
A and B: single-channel current traces of Kir6.2/SUR1 channels in a cell-attached patch (A) or inside-out patch (B) before (top ... Stimulation of neuronal KATP channels by cGMP-dependent protein kinase: involvement of ROS and 5-hydroxydecanoate-sensitive ... Stimulation of neuronal KATP channels by cGMP-dependent protein kinase: involvement of ROS and 5-hydroxydecanoate-sensitive ... Stimulation of neuronal KATP channels by cGMP-dependent protein kinase: involvement of ROS and 5-hydroxydecanoate-sensitive ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20053925
The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel-encoded dSUR gene is required for Drosophila heart function and is regulated by...The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel-encoded dSUR gene is required for Drosophila heart function and is regulated by...
KATP,. ATP-sensitive potassium;. sarcKATP,. sarcolemmal KATP;. IPC,. ischemic preconditioning;. CC,. corpora cardiaca;. UAS,. ... The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel-encoded dSUR gene is required for Drosophila heart function and is regulated by ... a KATP channel blocker, indicating that dSUR might be a functional ortholog of the mammalian SUR2 protein (17). KATP channels ... These mutations result in the structural abnormalities of the KATP channel and impair the ATP-dependent channel gating. ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/11999
Defective trafficking and function of KATP channels caused by a sulfonylurea receptor 1 mutation associated with persistent...Defective trafficking and function of KATP channels caused by a sulfonylurea receptor 1 mutation associated with persistent...
Moreover, mutant channels were active. Compared with wild-type channels, the mutant channels have reduced ATP sensitivity and ... 3A), whereas FLAG-SUR1AAA channels have ATP sensitivity (K1/2 of 9 μM) similar to that of WT channels (≈10 μM; ref. 24). In WT ... Analysis of channels formed by the mutant fusion protein shows that similar to channels formed by expressing ΔF1388 SUR1AAA and ... The stimulatory effect of MgADP on KATP channel activity is conferred by the SUR1 subunit (15, 19, 28, 29). Channels formed by ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/98/5/2882?ijkey=ba52bd902044ccf4e39b455e05deab566f7cb137&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
KATP - ATP-sensitive potassium channels | AcronymAtticKATP - ATP-sensitive potassium channels | AcronymAttic
KATP stands for ATP-sensitive potassium channels. KATP is defined as ATP-sensitive potassium channels rarely. ... What does KATP stand for?. KATP stands for ATP-sensitive potassium channels. ... An ATP-sensitive potassium channel (or K ATP channel) is a type of potassium channel that is gated by intracellular nucleotides ... 2020 https://www.acronymattic.com/ATP_sensitive-potassium-channels-(KATP).html. *Chicago style: Acronym Attic. S.v. "KATP." ...
https://www.acronymattic.com/ATP_sensitive-potassium-channels-
Muscle Dysfunction Caused by a KATP Channel Mutation in Neonatal Diabetes Is Neuronal in Origin | ScienceMuscle Dysfunction Caused by a KATP Channel Mutation in Neonatal Diabetes Is Neuronal in Origin | Science
Muscle Dysfunction Caused by a KATP Channel Mutation in Neonatal Diabetes Is Neuronal in Origin ... The diabetes arises from suppressed insulin secretion by overactive KATP channels in pancreatic β-cells, but the source of the ... These findings suggest that drugs targeted against neuronal, rather than muscle, KATP channels are needed to treat the motor ... Muscle Dysfunction Caused by a KATP Channel Mutation in Neonatal Diabetes Is Neuronal in Origin ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/329/5990/458
WO1998029545 NOVEL SEQUENCES OF p56 PROTEINS WHICH AFFECT K-ATP CHANNELSWO1998029545 NOVEL SEQUENCES OF p56 PROTEINS WHICH AFFECT K-ATP CHANNELS
NOVEL SEQUENCES OF p56 PROTEINS WHICH AFFECT K-ATP CHANNELS. (FR) NOUVELLES SEQUENCES DES PROTEINES p56 AFFECTANT LES CANAUX K- ... NOVEL SEQUENCES OF p56 PROTEINS WHICH AFFECT K-ATP CHANNELS ...
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1998029545
KATP Channel May Be Inhibited by Sulfonylureas; Increasing Stroke Risk - MPRKATP Channel May Be Inhibited by Sulfonylureas; Increasing Stroke Risk - MPR
KATP] channel blockers) may inhibit the neuroprotective effects of KATP channel activation and increase the risk of stroke, ... The OGD and pMCAO effects were reduced by activating KATP channel by diazoxide. Early increases were seen in protein levels of ... Rui Liu, from the University of Toronto, and colleagues examined the effect of sulfonylureas on KATP channels and whether they ... "These results suggest that sulfonylurea treatment in T2DM patients may inhibit neuroprotective effects of KATP channels and ...
https://www.empr.com/news/katp-channel-may-be-inhibited-by-sulfonylureas-increasing-stroke-risk/article/497819/
Octameric Stoichiometry of the KATP Channel Complex | JGPOctameric Stoichiometry of the KATP Channel Complex | JGP
1997a) Control of rectification and gating of cloned KATP channels by the Kir6.2 subunit. J Gen Physiol 110:141-153, pmid: ... 1997) The essential role of the Walker A motifs of SUR1 in K-ATP channel activation by Mg-ADP and diazoxide. EMBO (Eur Mol Biol ... 1989) Nucleotide modulation of the activity of rat heart KATP channels in isolated membrane patches. J Physiol (Camb) 419:193- ... KATP Channels Are Assembled from Four Kir6.2 Subunits. KATP channels in native tissues do not show strong inward rectification ...
http://jgp.rupress.org/content/110/6/655
KATP channel mutation confers risk for vein of Marshall adrenergic atrial fibrillationKATP channel mutation confers risk for vein of Marshall adrenergic atrial fibrillation
... genomic DNA sequencing of KATP channel genes, exclusion of mutation in 2,000 individuals free of AF, reconstitution of channel ... KATP channel mutation confers risk for vein of Marshall adrenergic atrial fibrillation. ... KATP channelopathy caused by missense mutation (Thr1547Ile) of the ABCC9 gene conferring predisposition to adrenergic AF ...
https://insights.ovid.com/ncpcm/200702000/01223017-200702000-00025
KCNJ11 gene knockout of the Kir6.2 KATP channel causes maladaptive remodeling and heart failure in hypertensionKCNJ11 gene knockout of the Kir6.2 KATP channel causes maladaptive remodeling and heart failure in hypertension
The intact KCNJ11-encoded KATP channel is thus a required safety element preventing hypertension-induced heart failure, with ... KCNJ11 gene knockout of the Kir6.2 KATP channel causes maladaptive remodeling and heart failure in hypertension. ... Defective decoding of hypertension-induced metabolic distress signals in the KATP channel knockout set in motion pathological ... KATP) channel, predisposed to heart failure and death. ... Rescue of the failing KATP knockout phenotype was achieved by ...
https://insights.ovid.com/hmoge/200608010/00008563-200608010-00001
Vulnerability of the Retinal Microvasculature to Hypoxia: Role of Polyamine-Regulated KATP Channels | IOVS | ARVO JournalsVulnerability of the Retinal Microvasculature to Hypoxia: Role of Polyamine-Regulated KATP Channels | IOVS | ARVO Journals
The lack of a role for KIR channels was not unexpected because the outward conductance of these channels in the capillaries of ... In addition to establishing a role for polyamine-dependent KATP channels, we considered the possibility that KIR channels are ... Due to the abundance of functional KATP channels in the capillaries and the paucity of these channels elsewhere in retinal ... Vulnerability of the Retinal Microvasculature to Hypoxia: Role of Polyamine-Regulated KATP Channels ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2186620
Abstract 193: Regulation of Mitochondrial KATP Channels In Pressure Overloaded Mouse Hearts | Circulation ResearchAbstract 193: Regulation of Mitochondrial KATP Channels In Pressure Overloaded Mouse Hearts | Circulation Research
Abstract 193: Regulation of Mitochondrial KATP Channels In Pressure Overloaded Mouse Hearts. Nian-Qing (Nan) Shi, Jianjiong Gao ... Background: ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), existing in both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial inner membranes, are ... Abstract 193: Regulation of Mitochondrial KATP Channels In Pressure Overloaded Mouse Hearts ... Abstract 193: Regulation of Mitochondrial KATP Channels In Pressure Overloaded Mouse Hearts ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/113/Suppl_1/A193
AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles |...
AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2012 Feb; 52(2): ... AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. ... AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/1043354
Fenofibrate, Troglitazone, and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Close KATP Channels and Induce Insulin Secretion | Journal of...Fenofibrate, Troglitazone, and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Close KATP Channels and Induce Insulin Secretion | Journal of...
Fenofibrate, Troglitazone, and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Close KATP Channels and Induce Insulin Secretion ... Fenofibrate, Troglitazone, and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Close KATP Channels and Induce Insulin Secretion. Kenju ... Fenofibrate, Troglitazone, and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Close KATP Channels and Induce Insulin Secretion. Kenju ... Fenofibrate, Troglitazone, and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Close KATP Channels and Induce Insulin Secretion. Kenju ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/310/3/1273/tab-figures-data
Dextromethorphan and dextrorphan influence insulin secretion by interacting with KATP and L-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic β...Dextromethorphan and dextrorphan influence insulin secretion by interacting with KATP and L-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic β...
Dextromethorphan and dextrorphan influence insulin secretion by interacting with KATP and L-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic β- ... DXO inhibited KATP channels almost equally. In islets of KATP channel-deficient SUR1 knockout mice the elevating effects of 100 ... The stimulatory effect of DXO seems to be based on a combined antagonism on KATP channels and NMDA receptors and already occurs ... Dextromethorphan and dextrorphan influence insulin secretion by interacting with KATP and L-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic β- ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/early/2020/07/14/jpet.120.265835
Opening of Mitochondrial KATP Channels Attenuates the Ouabain-Induced Calcium Overload in Mitochondria | Circulation ResearchOpening of Mitochondrial KATP Channels Attenuates the Ouabain-Induced Calcium Overload in Mitochondria | Circulation Research
Opening of Mitochondrial KATP Channels Attenuates the Ouabain-Induced Calcium Overload in Mitochondria ... Liu et al2 originally hypothesized that the K+ entry through mitoKATP channels depolarizes the ΔΨm, which reduces the driving ... Bioenergetic consequences of opening the ATP-sensitive K+ channel of heart mitochondria. Am J Physiol. 2001; 280: H649-H657. ... It is debatable whether K+ influx through mitoKATP channels can depolarize ΔΨm. Holmuhamedov et al3 showed that diazoxide ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/89/10/856
Anti-diabetic drug binding site in a mammalian KATP channel revealed by Cryo-EM | eLifeAnti-diabetic drug binding site in a mammalian KATP channel revealed by Cryo-EM | eLife
... obtained by cryo-electron microscopy reveals how a commonly used anti-diabetic drug interacts with and inhibits the channel to ... A structure of a pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex at 3.63Å resolution ... report the 3.8 Å cryo-EM structure of the pancreatic KATP channel. This chimeric complex is composed of the potassium channel ... report the 3.8 Å cryo-EM structure of the pancreatic KATP channel. This chimeric complex is composed of the potassium channel ...
https://elifesciences.org/articles/31054
Sur1SecretionGlibenclamideInhibitionPotassium channelIntracellularDiazoxideSarcolemmalReceptorsKir6.2SubunitInwardly RectifyingSubunitsPlasma membraneRegulation of KATP channel activityMutationsBlockadeVascularActivationMutationPharmacologyRegulatorPathwayMetabolicAdenosine triphosphate-sensitivePancreatic betaIschemicElectrophysiologyPharmacologicalGlucoseMitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassiumActivateSUR2BInward rectifierHumansRoleMyocardialMiceCurrentsAbstractMolecularPinacidilKineticsFunctionalActivityDecreasesEnergy metabolismAbsence
Sur146
  • Using mice lacking the sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (Sur1) subunit of KATP channels, we found that, compared with insulin secretion by WT islets, insulin secretion by Sur1-/- islets was less susceptible to oxidative stress induced by the oxidant H2O2. (nih.gov)
  • Sur1-/- mice were less susceptible than WT mice to streptozotocin-induced beta cell destruction and subsequent hyperglycemia and death, which suggests that loss of KATP channel activity may protect against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • 1. The effects of the metabolic inhibitor sodium azide were tested on excised macropatches from Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels of the Kir6.2/SUR1 type. (nih.gov)
  • We further examined the action of Zn(2+) on recombinant K(ATP) channels formed with the inward rectifier K(+) channel subunit Kir6.2 associated with either the pancreatic/neuronal sulphonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) subunit or the cardiac SUR2A subunit. (nih.gov)
  • External Zn(2+), at micromolar concentrations, activated SUR1/Kir6.2 but induced a small inhibition of SUR2A/Kir6.2 channels. (nih.gov)
  • Cytosolic Zn(2+) dose-dependently stimulated both SUR1/Kir6.2 and SUR2A/Kir6.2 channels, with half-maximal effects at 1.8 and 60 microm, respectively, but it did not affect the Kir6.2 subunit expressed alone. (nih.gov)
  • Bath application of H(2)O(2) reproduced PKG stimulation of Kir6.2/SUR1 but did not activate tetrameric Kir6.2LRKR368/369/370/371AAAA channels. (nih.gov)
  • Altogether, in this report we provide novel evidence that activation of PKG stimulates neuronal K(ATP) channels by modulating intrinsic channel gating via a 5-HD-sensitive factor(s)/ROS/Ca(2+)/calmodulin signaling pathway that requires the presence of the SUR1 subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Enhancement of Kir6.2/SUR1 channel activity by PKG activation in transfected HEK293 cells requires the activities of the 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD)-sensitive factor(s) [possibly mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K + (mitoK ATP ) channels] and ROS. (nih.gov)
  • Recombinant Kir6.2/SUR1 channels were expressed in HEK293 cells by transient transfection. (nih.gov)
  • Loss of functional K ATP channels because of mutations in either the SUR1 or Kir6.2 channel subunit causes persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). (pnas.org)
  • Previous studies have shown that coexpression of ΔF1388 SUR1 with Kir6.2 results in no channel activity. (pnas.org)
  • Trafficking of K ATP channels requires that the endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal, RKR, present in both SUR1 and Kir6.2, be shielded during channel assembly. (pnas.org)
  • To ask whether ΔF1388 SUR1 forms functional channels with Kir6.2, we inactivated the RKR signal in ΔF1388 SUR1 by mutation to AAA (ΔF1388 SUR1 AAA ). (pnas.org)
  • We found that coexpression of ΔF1388 SUR1 AAA with Kir6.2 led to partial surface expression of the mutant channel. (pnas.org)
  • Our results establish defective trafficking of K ATP channels as a molecular basis of PHHI and show that F1388 in SUR1 is critical for normal trafficking and function of K ATP channels. (pnas.org)
  • Correct trafficking and cell surface expression of K ATP channels is under the control of a tripeptide endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retention signal, RKR, present in both the SUR1 and Kir6.2 subunits ( 18 ). (pnas.org)
  • The pancreatic K ATP channel is probably formed specifically of Kir6.2 and SUR1 isoforms. (rupress.org)
  • The relationship between SUR1 and Kir6.2 must be determined to understand how SUR1 and Kir6.2 interact to form this unique channel. (rupress.org)
  • We have used mutant Kir6.2 subunits and dimeric (SUR1-Kir6.2) constructs to examine the functional stoichiometry of the K ATP channel. (rupress.org)
  • The data indicate that the K ATP channel pore is lined by four Kir6.2 subunits, and that each Kir6.2 subunit requires one SUR1 subunit to generate a functional channel in an octameric or tetradimeric structure. (rupress.org)
  • In the present study, we have examined the stoichiometry of channel formation using mutant Kir6.2 subunits and dimeric SUR1-Kir6.2 constructs. (rupress.org)
  • Expression of dimeric SUR1-Kir6.2 constructs results in functional channels with very similar properties to those formed from coexpression of the parental monomers, consistent with a 1:1 SUR1/Kir6.2 stoichiometry being sufficient to form the K ATP channel. (rupress.org)
  • Additional experiments with coexpression of dimers and monomers indicate that a 1:1 stoichiometry may be preferred, leading to the conclusion that the K ATP channel is likely to be formed as an octameric complex of four Kir6.2 subunits and four SUR1 subunits. (rupress.org)
  • In islets of K ATP channel-deficient SUR1 knockout mice the elevating effects of 100 µM DXM on [Ca 2+ ] c and insulin release were completely lost. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Sulfonylureas are anti-diabetic medications that act by inhibiting pancreatic K ATP channels composed of SUR1 and Kir6.2. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of a hamster SUR1/rat Kir6.2 channel bound to a high-affinity sulfonylurea drug glibenclamide and ATP at 3.63 Å resolution, which reveals unprecedented details of the ATP and glibenclamide binding sites. (elifesciences.org)
  • We identified Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2 K ATP channels in rat DRG neuronal somata, peripheral nerve fibers, and glial satellite and Schwann cells, in both normal state and after painful nerve injury. (springer.com)
  • 2/SUR1 channels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We therefore used a truncated isoform of Kir6.2, that expresses ATP-sensitive channels in the absence of SUR1, to explore the mechanism of nucleotide inhibition. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The beta-cell K-ATP channel consists of a pore-forming subunit, Kir6.2, and a regulatory subunit, SUR1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The site at which ATP mediates channel inhibition lies on Kir6.2, while the potentiatory action of MgADP involves the nucleotide-binding domains of SUR1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Unfortunately, the molecular structure of mitoK ATP channels is unknown, in contrast to sK ATP channels, which are composed of a pore-forming subunit (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1, SUR2A, or SUR2B). (elsevier.com)
  • P-1075 activated all the K ATP channels, except Kir6.1/SUR1 channels. (elsevier.com)
  • Glybenclamide potently blocked all sK ATP channels, but 5HD only blocked channels formed by SUR1/Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 (IC 50 s of 66 and 81 μM, respectively). (elsevier.com)
  • In addition, HMR-1098 potently blocked Kir6.2/SUR2A channels (IC 50 = 1.5 μM), but was 67 times less potent in blocking Kir6.1/SUR1 channels (IC 50 = 100 μM). (elsevier.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that mitoK ATP channels closely resemble Kir6.1/SUR1 sK ATP channels in their pharmacological profiles. (elsevier.com)
  • This article reviews the cloning, molecular biology, and structure of KATP channels, with particular focus on the SUR1/KIR6.2 neuroendocrine channels that are important for the regulation of insulin secretion. (eurekaselect.com)
  • These findings provide new insight into an alternate mechanism by which ATP regulates pancreatic β-cell K ATP channel activity, not only by its direct actions on Kir6.2 pore subunit, but also via ATP modulation of Syn-1A binding to SUR1. (elsevier.com)
  • High glucose increased plasmalemmal sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), a component of K ATP channel as well as exogenous insulin treatment. (elsevier.com)
  • ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels are hetero-octamers of inwardly rectifying K+ channel (Kir6.2) and sulphonylurea receptor subunits (SUR1 in pancreatic beta-cells, SUR2A in heart). (ox.ac.uk)
  • We examined the effects of adenine nucleotides on K(ATP) channels containing wild-type or mutant (Q52R, R201H) Kir6.2 plus either SUR1 or SUR2A. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the absence of Mg2+, both mutations reduced ATP inhibition of SUR1- and SUR2A-containing channels to similar extents, but when Mg2+ was present ATP blocked mutant channels containing SUR1 much less than SUR2A channels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mg-nucleotide activation of SUR1, but not SUR2A, channels was markedly increased by the R201H mutation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Both mutations also increased resting whole-cell K(ATP) currents through heterozygous SUR1-containing channels to a greater extent than for heterozygous SUR2A-containing channels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, rundown and MgADP reactivation of wild-type and Kir6.2-G334D/SUR2A channels, and of Kir6.2-F333I/SUR1 channels, involve a gradual change in P(o). (ox.ac.uk)
Secretion21
  • The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K ATP ) regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. (pnas.org)
  • Conversely, when blood glucose levels are low, the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio decreases, K ATP channels open, and insulin secretion ceases. (pnas.org)
  • Despite our progress in understanding how certain mutations cause excessive insulin secretion, the molecular defects of K ATP channels caused by many PHHI mutations in the channel genes remain unknown. (pnas.org)
  • The diabetes arises from suppressed insulin secretion by overactive K ATP channels in pancreatic β-cells, but the source of the motor phenotype is unknown. (sciencemag.org)
  • In summary, DXM-induced alterations in stimulus-secretion coupling of wildtype islets result from a direct block of K ATP channels and are partly counteracted by inhibition of L-type Ca 2+ channels. (aspetjournals.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study shows that the use of dextromethorphan as an antidiabetic drug can cause unpredictable alterations in insulin secretion by direct interaction with K ATP and L-type Ca 2+ channels besides its actual target, the NMDA receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this way, K ATP channels are able to control insulin secretion according to blood glucose levels. (elifesciences.org)
  • The pivotal role of K ATP channels in insulin secretion regulation makes them an important drug target. (elifesciences.org)
  • All sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion to reduce plasma glucose levels by inhibiting the activity of β-cell K ATP channels ( Gribble and Reimann, 2003 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, these enzymes determine the open probability of K(ATP) channels and eventually the actual rate of insulin secretion. (ru.nl)
  • The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K-ATP channel) plays a key role in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Regulation of ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium (K ATP ) channel plays a critical role in metabolism-secretion coupling of pancreatic β-cells. (elsevier.com)
  • This study examined the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on insulin secretion alone and in combination with sulphonylureas or nateglinide, with particular attention to K-ATP channel-independent insulin secretion. (ulster.ac.uk)
  • In depolarised cells, GLP-1 significantly augmented glucose-induced KATP channel-independent insulin secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. (ulster.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, GLP-1 exhibited a reduced but still significant insulin-releasing effect following PKA and PKC downregulation, indicating that GLP-1 can modulate K-ATP channel-independent insulin secretion by protein kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (ulster.ac.uk)
  • Leptin is known to suppress glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by promoting trafficking of K ATP channels to the β-cell surface, which increases K + conductance and causes β-cell hyperpolarization. (elsevier.com)
  • Our findings uncover a novel role of AKAP79/150 in coordinating leptin and PKA signaling to regulate K ATP channel trafficking in β-cells, hence insulin secretion. (elsevier.com)
  • The secretion of glucagon by islet a cells is normally suppressed by high blood glucose, but this suppressibility is impaired in patients with diabetes or cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-activated Cl2 channel. (edu.hk)
  • The results reveal that by potentiating KATPchannels, CFTR acts as a glucosesensing negative regulator of glucagon secretion in a cells, a defect of which may contribute to glucose intolerance in CF and other types of diabetes. (edu.hk)
  • These mutations result in K-ATP channels that do not close, leading to reduced insulin secretion from beta cells and impaired blood sugar control. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As in permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, KCNJ11 gene mutations that cause transient neonatal diabetes mellitus also interfere with K-ATP channel closure and lead to a reduction in insulin secretion. (medlineplus.gov)
Glibenclamide13
  • In rats, comparable doses of oral diazoxide attained appreciable concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the effects of oral diazoxide were abolished by i.c.v. administration of the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide. (jci.org)
  • KATP channel blockers include GLIBENCLAMIDE and mitiglinide whereas openers include CROMAKALIM and minoxidil sulfate. (harvard.edu)
  • Indicative of the role of polyamine-dependent K ATP channels, antimycin-induced capillary cell death was markedly decreased in microvessels treated with the polyamine synthesis inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine, or the K ATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. (arvojournals.org)
  • PURPOSE: We tested the hypotheses that 1) KATP channel inhibition via glibenclamide (GLI), often prescribed for hyperglycemic CHF patients, would augment the PO2mv undershoot, increase the time to reach the steady-state PO2mv and decrease the mean PO2mv during contractions of the spinotrapezius muscle in CHF rats and 2) these effects would be reversed by the administration of pinacidil (PIN, KATP channel activator). (wku.edu)
  • Davies, N.W. 1997-02-01 00:00:00 We investigated the block of KATP channels by glibenclamide in inside-out membrane patches of rat flexor digitorum brevis muscle. (deepdyve.com)
  • The time course of the effect of glibenclamide suggests involvement of K(ATP) channels as effectors of endothelial IPC in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Correa, SD & Schaefer, S 1997, ' Blockade of K ATP channels with Glibenclamide does not abolish preconditioning during demand ischemia ', American Journal of Cardiology , vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 75-78. (elsevier.com)
  • We demonstrated previously that reactive microglia foster KATP-channel expression and that blocking this channel using glibenclamide administration enhances striatal neurogenesis after stroke. (edu.au)
  • One of two mK ATP channel openers, pinacidil or diazoxide, was given before adenosine diphosphate in the absence or presence of an mK ATP channel antagonist, glibenclamide or 5-hydroxydecanoate. (marquette.edu)
  • GLP-1 similarly augmented the K-ATP channel-independent insulin-releasing effects of tolbutamide, glibenclamide or nateglinide. (ulster.ac.uk)
  • This dilator response was attenuated to 0.76 ± 0.14 mL/minute/g by inhibition of K V channels with 4-aminopyridine (0.3 mm) and to 0.11 ± 0.31 mL/minute/g by inhibition of K ATP channels with glibenclamide (3 mg/kg). (elsevier.com)
  • The present experiment examined the effects of glucose and the direct K-ATP channel modulators glibenclamide and lemakalim on spontaneous alternation performance and hippocampal ACh release. (syr.edu)
  • That lemakalim, as well as glibenclamide and glucose, increased hippocampal ACh output suggests a dissociation between the effects of K-ATP channel modulators on behavior and hippocampal ACh release. (syr.edu)
Inhibition16
  • Mutant channels in the latter group, although they are active in excised membrane patches and exhibit normal sensitivity to ATP inhibition, are unable to open in intact cells upon glucose starvation because of reduced or lack of response to MgADP ( 15 - 17 ). (pnas.org)
  • The higher resolution structure not only clearly defines the GBC and ATP binding pockets but also provides novel insights into the mechanisms of channel inhibition by ATP and GBC. (elifesciences.org)
  • The studies present in this thesis sought to demonstrate that sepsis activates vascular KATP channels, that channel inhibition reverses hypotension, and that channel hyperactivity is related to an increased gene expression. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, the inhibition of vascular KATP channels may assume a limited role in the treatment of septic shock. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Inadequate tissue PO2mv during exercise in chronic heart failure (CHF) constrains exercise capacity and may be exaggerated by KATP channel inhibition. (wku.edu)
  • Molecular determinants of KATP channel inhibition by ATP. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Other mutations did not affect the single-channel kinetics, and may reduce ATP inhibition by interfering with ATP binding and/or the link between ATP binding and pore closure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Activation and inhibition of K-ATP currents by guanine nucleotides is mediated by different channel subunits. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We previously reported that K ATP channels are also regulated by endogenous membrane-bound SNARE protein syntaxin-1A (Syn-1A), which binds both nucleotide-binding folds of sulfonylurea receptor (SUR)1 and 2A, causing inhibition of K ATP channel activity in pancreatic islet β-cells and cardiac myocytes, respectively. (elsevier.com)
  • Electrophysiological studies in pancreatic β-cells demonstrated that reduced ATP concentrations increased K ATP channel sensitivity to Syn-1A inhibition. (elsevier.com)
  • Ortega, Francisco J., Vukovic, Jana, Rodriguez, Manuel J. and Bartlett, Perry F. (2014) Blockade of microglial KATP-channel abrogates suppression of inflammatory-mediated inhibition of neural precursor cells. (edu.au)
  • Without ATP synthase inhibition, both mK ATP channel openers differentially attenuated mitochondrial respiration. (marquette.edu)
  • Thus, under energetically more physiological conditions, the main effect of mK ATP channel openers on mitochondrial respiration is differential inhibition independent of mK ATP channel opening. (marquette.edu)
  • Agents which interact with the sulfhydryl moiety (including 1 mM N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM), 1 mM 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DNTB) and 1 mM o-iodobenzoate) produced an irreversible inhibition of KATP channel activity when applied to the intracellular surface of excised inside-out patches. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Agents which interact with peptide terminal amine groups and epsilon amino groups of lysine [1 mM methyl acetimidate and 1 mM trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)] and also the guanido group of arginine (1 mM methyl glyoxal) produced a Mg(2+)-dependent irreversible inhibition of KATP channel activity which could be prevented by ATP but not tolbutamide. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • When Kir6.2 containing a mutation (F333I) in the putative ATP-binding site is coexpressed with the cardiac type of regulatory K(ATP) channel subunit, SUR2A, the channel sensitivity to ATP inhibition is reduced and the intrinsic open probability (P(o)) is increased. (ox.ac.uk)
Potassium channel19
  • Nicorandil increased the cerebral blood flow via nitric oxide pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channel opening in mice. (harvard.edu)
  • Patients bearing these mutations also have poor responses to diazoxide, a potassium channel opener commonly used to treat PHHI, because the same mutations cause parallel decreases in channel response to diazoxide ( 15 , 16 ). (pnas.org)
  • An ATP-sensitive potassium channel (or K ATP channel) is a type of potassium channel that is gated by intracellular nucleotides, ATP and ADP. (acronymattic.com)
  • They are formed as a functional complex of two unrelated subunits-a member of the Kir inward rectifier potassium channel family, and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, which includes cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators and multidrug resistance protein, regulators of chloride channel activity. (rupress.org)
  • The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) was discovered in 1983. (ebook.de)
  • In particular, mRNA levels of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir6.1 and the sulfonylurea receptor 2B, which together form the vascular smooth muscle ATP-sensitive potassium channel, were both up-regulated by GH treatment and highly correlated to systolic blood pressure. (bioscientifica.com)
  • Increased expression of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, recently shown to be crucial in the regulation of vascular tone, constitutes a possible mechanism by which GH governs vascular tone. (bioscientifica.com)
  • The effect of K(ATP) channels is dependent on the RNA interference genes Dcr-2, AGO2, and r2d2, indicating that an activity associated with this potassium channel participates in this antiviral pathway in Drosophila. (scripps.edu)
  • The KCNJ5 gene provides instructions for making a protein that functions as a potassium channel, which means that it transports positively charged atoms (ions) of potassium (K + ) into and out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • KCNJ5 gene mutations associated with this condition change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the potassium channel. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To determine therapeutic plasma levels, plasma half-life and pharmacokinetics of exendin-(9-39) during an intravenous short-term infusion in subjects with congenital hyperinsulinism due to Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) mutations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Assignment of KATP-1, the cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channel gene (KCNJ5), to human chromosome 11q24. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study was performed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of cerebral blood flow of adenosine A $_{2B}$ receptor agonist in the rats, and to define whether its mechanism is mediated by adenylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase and potassium channel. (ndsl.kr)
  • This effect of NECA (4 umol/I) was not blocked by pretreatment with adenylate cyclase inhibitor, MDL-12,330 (20 umol/I). But effect of NECA (4 umol/I) was blocked by pretreatment with guanylate cyclase inhibitor, LY-83,583 (10 umol/I) and pretreatment with ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor, glipizide (5 umol/I). These results suggest that adenosine A $_{2B}$ receptor increases cerebral blood flow. (ndsl.kr)
  • It seems that this action of adenosine A $_{2B}$ receptor is mediated via the activation of guanylate cyclase and ATP-sensitive potassium channel in the cerebral cortex of the rats. (ndsl.kr)
  • This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. (uniprot.org)
  • NMDA receptors mediate leptin signaling and regulate potassium channel trafficking in pancreatic -cells. (bireme.br)
  • The ability of NMDARs to regulate potassium channel surface expression and thus, -cell excitability provides mechanistic insight into the recently reported insulinotropic effects of NMDAR antagonists and therefore highlights the therapeutic potential of these drugs in managing type 2 diabetes. (bireme.br)
  • Bimakalim is a potassium channel opener. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular13
  • 5. We conclude that, in addition to its well-established inhibitory effect on cellular metabolism, which leads to activation of KATP channels in intact cells, intracellular Na-azide has direct effects on the KATP channel. (nih.gov)
  • Zn(2+), applied at either the extracellular or intracellular side of the membrane appeared as a potent, reversible activator of K(ATP) channels. (nih.gov)
  • These findings uncover a novel regulatory pathway targeting K(ATP) channels, and suggest a new role for Zn(2+) as an intracellular signalling molecule. (nih.gov)
  • The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel couples intracellular metabolic state to membrane excitability. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we further investigated the intracellular mechanism underlying PKG stimulation of neuronal K(ATP) channels. (nih.gov)
  • During glucose stimulation, the intracellular ATP to ADP ratio increases following glucose metabolism, which favors channel closure by ATP, resulting in membrane depolarization, Ca 2+ influx, and exocytosis of insulin granules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Particularly important is the class of K+ (KATP) channels modulated by intracellular ATP, which are normally closed at physiological intracellular ATP concentrations (ATPi) but open when ATPi decreases. (eurekaselect.com)
  • ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are both inhibited and activated by intracellular nucleotides, such as ATP and ADP. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2. At a holding potential of +40 mV, spermine at the intracellular membrane surface reduced the KATP channel open probability (Popen) in a dose-dependent manner. (meta.org)
  • Loss of KATP channel activity during fatigue results in excessive intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels, likely entering the fiber through L-type Ca2+ channels. (uottawa.ca)
  • In response to intracellular energy supply, ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels alter membrane potential and mediate cell stress response. (ahajournals.org)
  • For example, the ATP-sensitive K + channel regulates electrical excitability in multiple tissues in response to the intracellular ATP concentration 39 . (nature.com)
  • Since the Cl flow into or out of the cell plays a crucial role in hyperpolarizing or depolarizing the cells, respectively, the impact of intracellular Ca concentration on these channels is attracting a lot of attentions. (bireme.br)
Diazoxide15
  • Oral administration of the KATP channel activator diazoxide under fixed hormonal conditions substantially decreased EGP in nondiabetic humans and Sprague Dawley rats. (jci.org)
  • Compared with wild-type channels, the mutant channels have reduced ATP sensitivity and do not respond to stimulation by MgADP or diazoxide. (pnas.org)
  • The OGD and pMCAO effects were reduced by activating K ATP channel by diazoxide. (empr.com)
  • These effects of diazoxide were blocked by the mitoK ATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 μmol/L). These results indicate that opening of mitoK ATP channels prevents a mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload in association with ΔΨ m depolarization and thereby protects myocardium against ischemic damage. (ahajournals.org)
  • The rats received low-dose (0.15 mg/kg) or high-dose (0.5 mg/kg) fasudil or diazoxide, an m-KATP channel opener, at 10 mg/kg, just before reperfusion under normoglycemic or hyperglycemic conditions. (springermedizin.de)
  • Autofluorescence of flavoproteins of the respiratory chain in the isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes was registered before and after application of mitochondrial KATP channel opener diazoxide (100 and 400 microM). (inserm.fr)
  • These studies indicate for die first time that the mitochondrial K-ATP channel opener diazoxide improves neurological function after spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion by diminishing levels of reactive oxygen species, decreasing DNA oxidative damage, and inhibiting caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways while preserving mitochondrial structure. (elsevier.com)
  • Using mitochondrial oxidation to index mitoK ATP channel activity in rabbit ventricular myocytes, we found that pinacidil and diazoxide open mitoK ATP channels, but P-1075 does not. (elsevier.com)
  • Although pinacidil is a nonselective activator of expressed sK ATP channels, diazoxide did not open channels formed by Kir6.1/SUR2A, Kir6.2/SUR2A (known components of cardiac sK ATP channels) or Kir6.2/SUR2B. (elsevier.com)
  • Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 25 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion with or without PC in the presence of mitochondrial K ATP channel opening (diazoxide, 100 μM) and blockade [5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD), 100 μM]. (elsevier.com)
  • Functionally, glucose-stimulated cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) increase was blunted by insulin or diazoxide, a K ATP channel opener. (elsevier.com)
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of drugs that activate KATP channels in AD, we first characterized the effects of the KATP channel opener diazoxide on cultured neurons, and then determined its ability to modify the disease process in the 3xTgAD mouse model of AD. (elsevier.com)
  • Diazoxide hyperpolarized neurons, reduced the frequency of action potentials, attenuated Ca 2+ influx through NMDA receptor channels, and reduced oxidative stress. (elsevier.com)
  • Our findings show that diazoxide can ameliorate molecular, cytopathological, and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of AD suggesting a therapeutic potential for drugs that activate KATP channels in the treatment of AD. (elsevier.com)
  • Diazoxide was found to depolarize mitochondria from wildtype cardiomyocytes but not Ex5 mitochondria, consistent with disrupted mitochondrial KATP channels. (ahajournals.org)
Sarcolemmal6
  • Here in experimental hypertension, knockout of the KCNJ11 gene, encoding the Kir6.2 pore-forming subunit of the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, predisposed to heart failure and death. (ovid.com)
  • ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP), existing in both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial inner membranes, are thought to serve as metabolic sensors of the cell. (ahajournals.org)
  • It has been previously shown that the level of SUR2A mRNA correlates well with the number of fully assembled sarcolemmal KATP channels and that this parameter could be used as a proxy measurement of the level of sarcolemmal KATP channels [19, 26-29]. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we tested the hypothesis that remote preconditioning is memorized by the explanted heart and yields protection from subsequent I/R injury and that the underlying mechanism involves sarcolemmal and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 100 microM, a mitochondrial K(ATP) blocker), and HMR-1098 (30 microM, a sarcolemmal K(ATP) blocker) to the Langendorff preparation before I/R. The role of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels as an effector mechanism for memorizing remote preconditioning was further studied by the effect of the specific mitochondrial K(ATP) activator diaxozide (10 mg/kg) on myocardial infarct size. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pretreatment with 5-HD but not HMR 1883 (3 mg/kg, i.v.) abolished the beneficial effects of 17β-estradiol and ischemia preconditioning on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and cardioprotection suggesting that such effects have been achieved via the selective activation of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial KATP channels rather than sarcolemmal KATP channels. (elsevier.com)
Receptors6
  • K ATP channels are octameric complexes composed of four sulfonylurea receptors (SUR.x) and four inward rectifier potassium channels Kir6.x ( 4 - 7 ). (pnas.org)
  • The stimulatory effect of DXO seems to be based on a combined antagonism on K ATP channels and NMDA receptors and already occurs under resting conditions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This study was designed to elucidate the contribution of adenosine A 2A and A 2B receptors to coronary reactive hyperemia and downstream K + channels involved. (elsevier.com)
  • These data indicate that A 2A receptors contribute to coronary vasodilation in response to cardiac ischemia via activation of K V and K ATP channels. (elsevier.com)
  • 16-18 ] Enhanced recovery of postischemic reperfused myocardium produced by isoflurane was partially mediated by activation of type 1 adenosine (A 1 ) receptors coupled to K ATP channels. (asahq.org)
  • NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are Ca -permeant, ligand-gated ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and have well-characterized roles in the nervous system. (bireme.br)
Kir6.216
  • Gain-of-function mutations in Kir6.2 ( KCNJ11 ), the pore-forming subunit of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel, cause neonatal diabetes. (sciencemag.org)
  • By coexpressing wild-type and mutant Kir6.2 subunits, we generated heteromeric channels with intermediate rectification properties. (rupress.org)
  • A ) Two subunits of the Kir6.2 tetramer, one colored in blue and one in white, highlighting the conserved Kir channel structural features. (elifesciences.org)
  • We integrate the extensive pharmacologic structure-activityrelationship data on these channels, which defines a bipartite drug binding pocket in the SUR (sulfonylurea receptor), with recent structure-function studies that identify domains of SUR and KIR6.2, the channel pore, which are critical for channel assembly, for gating, and for the ligand-receptor interactions that modulate channel activity. (eurekaselect.com)
  • We have analysed levels of SUR2A mRNA as well as mRNAs of two other KATP channel subunits, Kir6.2 and Kir6.1, in mice fed with control and nicotinamide-rich diet. (nih.gov)
  • KATP channel Kir6.2 E23K variant overrepresented in human heart failure is associated with impaired exercise stress response. (cdc.gov)
  • ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels maintain cardiac homeostasis under stress, as revealed by murine gene knockout models of the KCNJ11-encoded Kir6.2 pore. (cdc.gov)
  • Substitution of the wild-type E residue with an oppositely charged, bulkier K residue would potentially result in a significant structural rearrangement and disrupted interactions with neighboring Kir6.2 subunits, providing a basis for altered high-fidelity K(ATP) channel gating, particularly in the homozygous state. (cdc.gov)
  • Blunted heart rate response during exercise is a risk factor for mortality in patients with heart failure, establishing the clinical relevance of Kir6.2 E23K as a biomarker for impaired stress performance and underscoring the essential role of K(ATP) channels in human cardiac physiology. (cdc.gov)
  • A mutation in the ATP-binding site of the Kir6.2 subunit of the KATP channel alters coupling with the SUR2A subunit. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we examine rundown and MgADP activation of wild-type and Kir6.2-F333I/SUR2A channels using single-channel recording, noise analysis and spectral analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • All three approaches indicated that rundown of Kir6.2-F333I/SUR2A channels is due to a reduction in the number of active channels in the patch and that MgADP reactivation involves recruitment of inactive channels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our results suggest that F333 in Kir6.2 interacts functionally with SUR2A to modulate channel rundown and MgADP activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is also not a consequence of the enhanced P(o) of Kir6.2-F333I/SUR2A channels, as it is not found for other mutant channels with high P(o) (Kir6.2-I296L/SUR2A). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Herein we investigated whether two polymorphisms, E23K and I337V, located in the Kir6.2 subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a Chinese population. (geneticsmr.com)
  • Flanagan SE, Clauin S, Bellanné-Chantelot C, de Lonlay P, Harries LW, Gloyn AL, Ellard S. Update of mutations in the genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell K(ATP) channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (ABCC8) in diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Subunit5
  • Therefore, Zn(2+) is an endogenous K(ATP) channel opener being active on both sides of the membrane, with potentially distinct sites of action located on the SUR subunit. (nih.gov)
  • dSUR has been identified as a homolog of the mammalian SUR2 protein, which is a subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel complex. (pnas.org)
  • We aimed at investigating regulation of SUR2, the regulatory subunit of KATP, via a systems biology approach. (ahajournals.org)
  • In mice, the Coxsackievirus B3 replicates to higher titers in the hearts of mayday mutant animals, which are deficient in the Kir6.1 subunit of K(ATP) channels, than in controls. (scripps.edu)
  • The Abcc9 gene encodes the major regulatory subunit in the heart, sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2), as well as smaller mitochondria-enriched proteins that contribute to sulfonylurea-insensitive KATP channels. (ahajournals.org)
Inwardly Rectifying1
  • The forced expression of dSUR protein in Xenopus oocytes shows an inwardly rectifying potassium current, and this current is abolished by the sulfonylurea glybenclamide, a K ATP channel blocker, indicating that dSUR might be a functional ortholog of the mammalian SUR2 protein ( 17 ). (pnas.org)
Subunits6
  • ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels are unique in requiring two structurally distinct subunits to generate functional channels. (rupress.org)
  • Because loss of DRG neuronal K ATP currents is involved in the pathophysiology of pain after peripheral nerve injury, we characterized the distribution of the K ATP channel subunits in rat DRG, and determined their alterations by painful axotomy using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. (springer.com)
  • It is not known, however, whether guanine nucleotides mediate their effects by direct interaction with one or more of the K-ATP channel subunits or indirectly via a GTP-binding protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Expression of KATP channel subunits in hearts of mice on control and nicotinamide-rich diet. (nih.gov)
  • The KCNJ11 gene provides instructions for making parts (subunits) of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each K-ATP channel consists of eight subunits. (medlineplus.gov)
Plasma membrane5
  • We previously identified plasma membrane-associated ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels of pancreatic beta cells as targets for oxidants. (nih.gov)
  • PHPT-1 -/- mice exhibited neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to impaired trafficking of K ATP channels to the plasma membrane in pancreatic β cells in response to low glucose and leptin and resembled patients with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in plasma membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane play important roles in modulating neuronal excitability, cell survival, and cerebral vascular tone. (elsevier.com)
  • Using a combination of biochemistry, electrophysiology, and imaging techniques, we now show that NMDARs have a key role in mediating the effect of leptin to modulate -cell electrical activity by promoting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent trafficking of K and Kv2.1 channels to the plasma membrane. (bireme.br)
  • Conversely, activation of NMDARs mimicked the effect of leptin, causing Ca influx, AMPK activation, and increased trafficking of K and Kv2.1 channels to the plasma membrane, and triggered membrane hyperpolarization. (bireme.br)
Regulation of KATP channel activity2
  • This study tests the hypothesis that glycolytic regulation of KATP channel activity is altered in myocardial hypertrophy. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Rapid Regulation of KATP Channel Activity by 17{beta}-Estradiol in Pancreatic {beta}-Cells Involves the Estrogen Receptor {beta} and the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor. (umh.es)
Mutations10
  • Genetic studies have identified ≈50 PHHI mutations in the K ATP channel genes ( 11 , 12 ). (pnas.org)
  • Some mutations in the C-terminus also markedly increased the channel open probability, which may account for the decrease in apparent ATP sensitivity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As in aldosterone-producing adenomas (described above), KCNJ5 gene mutations result in production of less-selective potassium channels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A Meta-Analysis of Somatic KCNJ5 K(+) Channel Mutations In 1636 Patients With an Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To evaluate the dose of exendin-(9-39) required to elevate fasting blood glucose levels in subjects with congenital hyperinsulinism due to KATP channel mutations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Functional effects of naturally occurring KCNJ11 mutations causing neonatal diabetes on cloned cardiac KATP channels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Understanding the molecular mechanism of action of these mutations has provided valuable insight into the relationship between the structure and function of the K(ATP) channel. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Most of these mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the protein sequence, reducing or preventing activity of the K-ATP channels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other KCNJ11 gene mutations that have a relatively mild effect on K-ATP channel function as compared to that seen in permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (see above) cause a condition called transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. (medlineplus.gov)
Blockade3
  • This was abolished by mK ATP channel blockade. (marquette.edu)
  • In contrast, under energetically less physiological conditions, mK ATP channel opening can be evidenced by accelerated respiration and blockade by antagonists. (marquette.edu)
  • K-ATP channels appear to couple glucose metabolism and neuronal excitability, with channel blockade increasing the likelihood of neurosecretion. (syr.edu)
Vascular5
  • As the hyperactivity (i.e. more channels remain in the open state) of the vascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- sensitive type of potassium (KATP) channels results in vasodilatation, this channel has been implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Surprisingly, this attenuated pressor response to PNU-37883A could be partially reversed by the autonomic ganglion blocker, pentolinium, suggesting that during sepsis the vascular KATP channel may be inhibited in vivo by the high sympathetic tone. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Potassium selective ion channels play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone. (eurekaselect.com)
  • KATP channels play an important role in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, including that of coronary vessels. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Eva Pongo, Ines Nevelsteen, Erin Liem, Willem Flameng and Kanigula Mubagwa, " Interaction Between KATP-Channels and Protein Kinase C in the Regulation of Basal Coronary Flow", Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) (2004) 1: 141. (eurekaselect.com)
Activation19
  • While there is evidence for central regulation of EGP by activation of hypothalamic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in rodents, whether these central pathways contribute to regulation of EGP in humans remains to be determined. (jci.org)
  • These results suggest that activation of hypothalamic KATP channels may be an important regulator of EGP in humans and that this pathway could be a target for treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (jci.org)
  • The direct effects of 3 mM Na-azide on KATP channels are negligible in comparison to the metabolic activation produced by the same Na-azide concentration. (nih.gov)
  • The defect in K ATP channel trafficking in PHPT-1 -/- β cells was due to the failure of PHPT-1 to directly activate transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4) resulting in decreased Ca 2+ influx and impaired downstream activation of AMPK. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Recently, we demonstrated that neuronal K(ATP) channels are functionally enhanced by activation of a nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) signaling cascade. (nih.gov)
  • These reagents also ablated NO-induced K(ATP) channel stimulation and prevented the shifts in the single-channel open- and closed-time distributions resulting from PKG activation and NO induction. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, in pancreatic β cells, the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio increases in response to increases in blood glucose levels, leading to K ATP channel closure, membrane depolarization, activation of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels, and insulin release. (pnas.org)
  • HealthDay News - Treatment with sulfonylureas (ATP-sensitive potassium [K ATP ] channel blockers) may inhibit the neuroprotective effects of K ATP channel activation and increase the risk of stroke, according to an experimental study published online May 13 in Diabetes . (empr.com)
  • We also found that activation of the polyamine/K ATP channel/Ca 2+ influx/CICR pathway not only boosted the vulnerability of retinal capillaries to hypoxia, but also caused the contraction of capillary pericytes, whose vasoconstrictive effect may exacerbate hypoxia. (arvojournals.org)
  • Fasudil induces PostC against myocardial infarction via activation of m-KATP channels in the rat. (springermedizin.de)
  • KATP channel activation induces ischemic preconditioning of the endothelium in humans in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 3: Activation of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels: A novel pharmacological approach to myocardial protection? (ebook.de)
  • In this study, we investigated whether the microglial KATP-channel directly influences the activation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) from the subventricular zone using transgenic Csf1r-GFP mice. (edu.au)
  • These effects are partially blocked by glyburide pretreatment, indicating that KATP channel activation by isoflurance may mediate these cardioprotective effects. (mcw.edu)
  • The irreversible activation of the KATP channel produced by the proteolytic enzyme trypsin was prevented only when methyl glyoxal and methyl acetimidate were used in combination to inhibit channel activity. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • This alleviates energy demand within the fiber, as activation of the channel reduces ATP consumption from cellular ATPases. (uottawa.ca)
  • The rapid upstroke of the AP of ventricular and atrial myocytes and Purkinje fibers is due to the activation of voltage gated Na+ channels allowing Na to flow into the cell (negative current), similarly to skeletal and nervous tissue. (brainscape.com)
  • K ATP channel activation has been shown to play an important role to mediate the acute memory phase of ischemic preconditioning. (asahq.org)
  • 16-18 ] The present investigation tested the hypothesis that isoflurane directly preconditions myocardium against myocardial infarction via activation of K ATP channels and that this effect is associated with an acute memory phase, thus mimicking ischemic preconditioning. (asahq.org)
Mutation3
  • The RKR → AAA mutation alone has no effect on channel properties. (pnas.org)
  • Echocardiography, cardiac perfusion stress imaging, invasive electrophysiology with isoproterenol provocation, genomic DNA sequencing of KATP channel genes, exclusion of mutation in 2,000 individuals free of AF, reconstitution of channel defect with molecular phenotyping, and verification of pathogenic link in targeted knockout. (ovid.com)
  • KATP channelopathy caused by missense mutation (Thr1547Ile) of the ABCC9 gene conferring predisposition to adrenergic AF originating from the vein of Marshall. (ovid.com)
Pharmacology1
  • As a means of probing the molecular makeup of mitoK ATP channels, we compared the pharmacology of native cardiac mitoK ATP channels with that of molecularly defined sK ATP channels expressed heterologously in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. (elsevier.com)
Regulator3
  • Thus, PIP 2 may be an important regulator of both ion transporters and channels. (sciencemag.org)
  • These findings provide the first direct evidence that the microglial KATP-channel is a regulator of the proliferation of NPCs under inflammatory conditions. (edu.au)
  • The primary regulator of the KATP channel is generally accepted to be changes in ATP/ADP ratio, where ATP inhibits and ADP activates channel activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Pathway4
  • This signaling pathway may contribute to neuroprotection against ischemic injury and regulation of neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release by modulating the function of neuronal K(ATP) channels. (nih.gov)
  • Defective decoding of hypertension-induced metabolic distress signals in the KATP channel knockout set in motion pathological calcium overload and aggravated cardiac remodeling through a calcium/calcineurin-dependent cyclosporine-sensitive pathway. (ovid.com)
  • The vulnerability of retinal capillaries to hypoxia is boosted by a mechanism involving the polyamine/K ATP channel/Ca 2+ influx/CICR pathway. (arvojournals.org)
  • Objective(s): This study explored the inter-relationship among nitric oxide, opioids, and KATP channels in the signaling pathway underlying remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) conferred cardioprotection. (ac.ir)
Metabolic9
  • In both cell types, KATP channels were activated in the absence of PEP, inhibited when PEP was added and activated again when PEP was removed, indicating the cells retained metabolic integrity and generated ATP in the proximity of their KATP channels. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Mammalian SUR genes are associated with K ATP (ATP-sensitive potassium) channels, which are involved in metabolic homeostasis. (pnas.org)
  • ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K ATP ) couple metabolic signals to cell excitability. (pnas.org)
  • These gating properties are crucial for the ability of the channel to sense metabolic changes in cells. (pnas.org)
  • Rescue of the failing KATP knockout phenotype was achieved by alternative control of myocardial calcium influx, bypassing uncoupled metabolic-electrical integration. (ovid.com)
  • To explore phosphotransfer signalling pathways in more detail, we examined whether K(ATP) channel regulation in beta cells is determined by a metabolic interaction between adenylate kinase (AK) and CK. (ru.nl)
  • Metabolic regulation is mediated by changes in ATP and MgADP concentration, which inhibit and potentiate channel activity, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Under metabolic stress, the channels open, reducing membrane excitability, Ca2+ release and force production. (uottawa.ca)
  • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The ATP-regulated potassium (KATP) channel in the pancreatic beta cell couples the metabolic state to electrical activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive3
  • In this study, it was hypothesized that their specialized physiology, which includes being the predominant microvascular location of functional adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels, boosts their susceptibility to hypoxia-induced cell death. (arvojournals.org)
  • 1 - 3 For example, most of the functional adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels are located in the capillaries. (arvojournals.org)
  • CFTR is found to potentiate the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+(KATP) channel because membrane depolarization and whole-cell currents sensitive to KATPblockers are significantly greater in wild-Type/CFTR-overexpressed a cells compared with that in DF508/nonoverexpressed cells. (edu.hk)
Pancreatic beta8
  • Suppression of KATP channel activity protects murine pancreatic beta cells against oxidative stress. (nih.gov)
  • An adenylate kinase is involved in KATP channel regulation of mouse pancreatic beta cells. (ru.nl)
  • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In a previous study, we demonstrated that a creatine kinase (CK) modulates K(ATP) channel activity in pancreatic beta cells. (ru.nl)
  • CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We propose that phosphotransfer events mediated by AK and CK play an important role in determining the effective concentrations of ATP and ADP in the microenvironment of pancreatic beta cell K(ATP) channels. (ru.nl)
  • Modification of K-ATP channels in pancreatic beta-cells by trypsin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The inside-out configuration of the patch-clamp method was used to study the effects of trypsin on the activity of ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels from isolated mouse pancreatic beta-cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Long-chain CoA esters activate human pancreatic beta-cell KATP channels: potential role in Type 2 diabetes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Taken together, these results show that LC-CoA esters are potent activators of the KATP channel in human pancreatic beta cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Ischemic3
  • Cardiac mitoK ATP channels play a pivotal role in ischemic preconditioning, and thus represent interesting drug targets. (elsevier.com)
  • Ischemic preconditioning (PC) improves myocardial function during ischemia-reperfusion, a process that may involve opening mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels. (elsevier.com)
  • Remote preconditioning reduces ischemic injury in the explanted heart by a KATP channel-dependent mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)
Electrophysiology1
  • As nicotinamide has a similar structure as a KATP channels opener nicorandil, we have tested whether nicotinamide would have any direct effect on KATP channels activity by using perforated patch clamp electrophysiology. (nih.gov)
Pharmacological4
  • Evaluation of the pharmacological involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the antidepressant-like effects of topiramate on mice. (harvard.edu)
  • Because pharmacological limitation of mitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] m ) overload during ischemia-reperfusion has been shown to improve myocardial function, we hypothesized that PC would reduce [Ca 2+ ] m during ischemia-reperfusion and that this effect was mediated by opening mitochondrial K ATP channels. (elsevier.com)
  • Pharmacological studies suggest mitochondrial KATP channels are critical regulators of cell stress, however the molecular composition of this channel has been unclear. (ahajournals.org)
  • Molecular, biophysical, and pharmacological properties of calcium-activated chloride channels. (bireme.br)
Glucose6
  • Neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in vivo was increased by blocking K ATP channel by tolbutamide. (empr.com)
  • An oxygen-glucose deprivation protocol (OGD) was used to mimic ischemia, and glybenclamide (0.1 mM) was applied to block K-ATP channels. (arvojournals.org)
  • One mechanism by which administration of glucose enhances cognitive functions may be by modulating central ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels. (syr.edu)
  • The results demonstrate that K-ATP channel modulators influence behavior when administered directly into the hippocampus, with channel blockers enhancing and openers impairing spontaneous alternation performance, thus supporting the hypothesis that glucose enhances memory via action at central K-ATP channels. (syr.edu)
  • The K-ATP channels are embedded in cell membranes, where they open and close in response to the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Closure of the K-ATP channels in response to increased glucose triggers the release of insulin out of beta cells and into the bloodstream, which helps control blood sugar levels. (medlineplus.gov)
Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium1
  • The current study was carried out to determine whether fasudil hydrochloride (fasudil), a Rho-kinase inhibitor, has myocardial postconditioning (PostC) activity under hyperglycemia as well as normoglycemia, and if so, whether the effects could be mediated by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (m-KATP) channels. (springermedizin.de)
Activate4
  • Lactate failed to activate KATP channels in both cell types. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Carboxypeptidase A did not activate K-ATP channels in excised patches, although it was able to slightly reactivate channels after complete rundown, whereas chymotrypsin increased K-ATP channel activity but it did not produce reactivation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is possible to suggest that RIPC may induce the release of NO from endothelium, which may trigger the synthesis of endogenous opioids, which in turn may activate heart localized KATP channels to induce cardioprotection. (ac.ir)
  • Blocking NMDAR activity inhibited the ability of leptin to activate AMPK, induce K and Kv2.1 channel trafficking, and promote membrane hyperpolarization. (bireme.br)
SUR2B1
  • 1 and SUR2B of KATP channels in the colon devoid of mucosa and submucosa (n = 10, P (cxcrinhibitor.com)
Inward rectifier1
  • Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. (uniprot.org)
Humans1
  • We determined whether modulation of K(ATP) channels occurs in endothelial IPC in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
Role16
  • Cardiovascular pleiotropic effects of statins and new onset diabetes: is there a common link: do we need to evaluate the role of KATP channels? (harvard.edu)
  • Our novel findings reveal that altered mitochondrial SUR2-based KATP activities likely contribute to the hypertrophic phenotype and abnormal mitochondrial function in SUR2KO hearts, suggesting that these channels play an essential role in mitochondrial remodeling and energy sensing. (ahajournals.org)
  • Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K + (mitoK ATP ) channels are thought to play a key role in cardioprotection, 1 but the crucial question remains as to why the opening of mitoK ATP channels can be so protective. (ahajournals.org)
  • To investigate the role of K-ATP channels in stabilization of ionic homeostasis at earlier stages of ischemia. (arvojournals.org)
  • 2) K-ATP channels play a role in natural protection from ischemia, delaying the collapse of ionic homeostasis. (arvojournals.org)
  • These data may have implications for understanding the therapeutic role of agents that modulate K(ATP) channel function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 7: Is there a potential role for the KATP openers in the treatment of Angina? (ebook.de)
  • To determine the putative role of the K ATP channel in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, we investigated whether ALS induces changes in K ATP channel expression in the spinal cord and motor cortex. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results suggest that the K ATP channel plays a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS. (cdc.gov)
  • This investigation examined the role of myocardial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium (KATP) channels in isoflurane-induced enhancement of myocardial function after reversible tissue injury produced by a 15-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (LAD) and reperfusion. (mcw.edu)
  • The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel is believed to play a major role in this mechanism. (uottawa.ca)
  • The fact that LC-CoA esters also stimulate KATP channel activity recorded in the whole-cell configuration, points to the ability of these compounds to have an important modulatory role of human beta-cell electrical activity under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Role of KATP channels in reduced antinociceptive effect of morphine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • ATP-sensitive potassium channels play an important role in myocardial electrical activity. (geneticsmr.com)
  • We now studied the role of KATP channels by deleting exon 5 of Abcc9 . (ahajournals.org)
  • In addition they tested the potential role of the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel in eliciting the cardioprotection by SPC. (asahq.org)
Myocardial2
  • Our data indicate myocardial hypertrophy increases the maximal activity of KATP channels in the absence of ATP and reduces their responsiveness to ATP, including locally generated glycolytic ATP. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Audience: Clinicians and basic scientists who have a direct interest in the KATP channel as well as those groups who are interested in the entire concept of myocardial protection and its relationship to academic and clinical medicine. (ebook.de)
Mice4
  • Anticonvulsant effect of melatonin through ATP-sensitive channels in mice. (harvard.edu)
  • Involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and the opioid system in the anticonvulsive effect of zolpidem in mice. (harvard.edu)
  • The antinociceptive effect of morphine (4 and 8 mg/kg, s.c.) and cromakalim , a KATP channel opener, (0.3, 1 and 2 micrograms, i.c.v.) was significantly reduced in diabetic mice . (bvsalud.org)
  • Some unknown factor from spleen in diabetic mice may be responsible for this alteration in KATP channels in diabetic mice . (bvsalud.org)
Currents1
  • Furthermore, in the presence of an ATP/ADP ratio of 10 (1.1 mmol/l total adenine nucleotides), whole-cell KATP channel currents increased approximately six-fold following addition of 1 micro mol/l LC-CoA ester. (ox.ac.uk)
Abstract2
  • abstract = "Many mammalian cells have two distinct types of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels: the classic ones in the surface membrane (sKATP) and others in the mitochondrial inner membrane (mitoKATP). (elsevier.com)
  • abstract = "ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are regulated by a variety of cytosolic factors (adenine nucleotides, Mg2+, phospholipids, and pH). (elsevier.com)
Molecular1
  • The intact KCNJ11-encoded KATP channel is thus a required safety element preventing hypertension-induced heart failure, with channel dysfunction a molecular substrate for stress-associated channelopathy in cardiovascular disease. (ovid.com)
Pinacidil1
  • R- 801 is formed from the covalent fusion of 2 distinct moieties, each with demonstrated tissue protective properties: 1) a mito-K+-ATP channel activating moiety derived from pinacidil, and 2) a pyrrolidine nitroxide domain that acts as superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetics and a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. (grantome.com)
Kinetics2
  • Trypsin (20 micrograms/ml) irreversibly enhanced channel activity around twofold by reducing the interburst intervals without altering the burst kinetics. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 4. Analysis of KATP single channel kinetics showed that spermine inhibited the channel by decreasing the mean open time and introducing transitions to a long closed state. (meta.org)
Functional5
  • We demonstrate here that the lack of functional expression is due to failure of the mutant channel to traffic to the cell surface. (pnas.org)
  • 2 , 3 Although this functional specialization within the retinal microvasculature appears to be important for the effective regulation of local perfusion, we hypothesized that the abundance of K ATP channels may boost the vulnerability of the capillaries to hypoxic damage. (arvojournals.org)
  • Because K ATP channels may have diverse functional roles in neurons and glia, further studies are needed to explore the potential of K ATP channels as targets of therapies against neuropathic pain and neurodegeneration. (springer.com)
  • We also characterized new functional variants of human ABCC8, ABCC9, KCNJ8, and KCNJ11 genes encoding for the K ATP channel and analyzed their association with ALS risk, rate of progression, and survival in a Spanish ALS cohort. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been demonstrated that when mouse muscle lacking functional KATP channels are stimulated to fatigue, ATP levels become significantly lower than wild type levels. (uottawa.ca)
Activity17
  • BAD and KATP channels regulate neuron excitability and epileptiform activity. (harvard.edu)
  • ATP inhibits channel activity whereas ADP, in the presence of Mg 2+ , antagonizes the inhibitory effect of ATP and stimulates channel activity ( 8 ). (pnas.org)
  • ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels link cellular metabolism to electrical activity in nerve, muscle, and endocrine tissues. (rupress.org)
  • 2 In contrast, the activity of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) is minimal in this microvascular region, but is robust in the precapillary tertiary arterioles. (arvojournals.org)
  • Our structure provides novel mechanistic insights of how sulfonylureas and ATP interact with the K ATP channel complex to inhibit channel activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Despite their clinical importance and decades of research, how sulfonylureas interact with and inhibit K ATP channel activity remains poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • METHODS: Single channel activity was measured with the patch-clamp technique in the inside-out (i/o) and open-cell attached (oca) configuration. (ru.nl)
  • The increase in K(ATP) channel activity induced by AMP in the presence of ATP was outweighed by phosphocreatine (1 mmol/l). (ru.nl)
  • No effect on the single channel conductance or the inward rectification produced by internal Mg2+ was observed: however, the protease did reduce the inhibitory effect of Mg2+ on channel activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Trypsin both prevented rundown of K-ATP channel activity and reactivated the channels after complete rundown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The protease also reduced the inhibitory effect of ATP on channel activity, increasing the dissociation constant from 7 to 49 microM. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Trypsin removed the activating effect of ADP (0.1 mmol/l) on channel activity and reduced the inhibitory effect of tolbutamide (0.5 mmol/l). (ox.ac.uk)
  • ATP-sensitive K+ channels, termed KATP channels, provide a link between cellular metabolism and membrane electrical activity in a variety of tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Channel isoforms have been identified and are targets for compounds that both stimulate and inhibit their activity resulting in membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The effects of several group-specific chemical reagents were examined upon the activity of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel in the CRI-G1 insulin-secreting cell line. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Thus, it was hypothesized that a lack of KATP channel activity impairs energy metabolism, resulting in insufficient ATP production. (uottawa.ca)
  • Taken together, it appears that muscle energy metabolism is impaired in the absence KATP channel activity. (uottawa.ca)
Decreases1
  • Hypertrophy decreases cardiac KATP channel responsiveness to exogenous and locally generated (glycolytic) ATP. (biomedsearch.com)
Energy metabolism1
  • AMP-activated protein kinase connects cellular energy metabolism to KATP channel function. (harvard.edu)
Absence1
  • Interestingly, disrupting protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) anchoring to AKAP79/150, known to elevate basal PKA signaling, leads to increased surface K ATP channels even in the absence of leptin stimulation. (elsevier.com)

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