Kaplan meier estimate. Medical search

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) isolated from radiation-induced lymphomas in C57BL mice. It is leukemogenic, thymotrophic, can be transmitted vertically, and replicates only in vivo.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Compounds used extensively as acetylation, oxidation and dehydrating agents and in the modification of proteins and enzymes.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Spherical phototrophic bacteria found in mud and stagnant water exposed to light.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

A species of VARICELLOVIRUS producing a respiratory infection (PSEUDORABIES) in swine, its natural host. It also produces an usually fatal ENCEPHALOMYELITIS in cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, foxes, and mink.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.

A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

A measurement index derived from a modification of standard life-table procedures and designed to take account of the quality as well as the duration of survival. This index can be used in assessing the outcome of health care procedures or services. (BIOETHICS Thesaurus, 1994)

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The condition in which reasonable knowledge regarding risks, benefits, or the future is not available.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A principle of estimation in which the estimates of a set of parameters in a statistical model are those quantities minimizing the sum of squared differences between the observed values of a dependent variable and the values predicted by the model.

Statistical models of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as of financial considerations. For the application of statistics to the testing and quantifying of economic theories MODELS, ECONOMETRIC is available.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The application of mathematical formulas and statistical techniques to the testing and quantifying of economic theories and the solution of economic problems.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.

The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably expected to live.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

All deaths reported in a given population.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.

A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine.

The introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selected and those not selected for a given study. In sampling bias, error is the result of failure to ensure that all members of the reference population have a known chance of selection in the sample.

Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically.

The complete summaries of the frequencies of the values or categories of a measurement made on a group of items, a population, or other collection of data. The distribution tells either how many or what proportion of the group was found to have each value (or each range of values) out of all the possible values that the quantitative measure can have.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

Permanent deprivation of breast milk and commencement of nourishment with other food. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

p53, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors. (1/10675)

Thymic neuroendocrine tumors are biologically aggressive neoplasms with extensive local invasion and high mortality. Although various markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis have correlated with degrees of tumor differentiation in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms, they have not been systematically studied in thymic neuroendocrine tumors. We immunostained 21 cases of thymic neuroendocrine tumors for p53, MIB-1, and the apoptosis-related markers Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax. By histological classification the cases were low-grade (nine cases), intermediate-grade (eight cases), and high-grade (four cases) thymic neuroendocrine tumors. p53 was expressed in five cases: 1/9 low grade, 3/8 intermediate grade, and 2/4 high grade. The mean cellular proliferation (MIB-1) was 7.1% (range 2-12%) in low-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors, 6.1% (range 2-15%) in intermediate-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and 34.2% (range 2-80%) in high-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors. Bcl-2 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 5/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. Bcl-x was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 6/8 intermediate grade, and 3/4 high grade. Bax was expressed in 13 cases: 5/9 low grade, 4/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. The presence of mutant p53 in the tumor was associated with a statistically significant decreased mean survival (P<0.05). In contrast, either by positive or negative staining or by the score technique (staining intensity x percentage of cells staining), the presence of Bcl-x was associated with an increased mean survival (P<0.05). Finally, a Bcl-x : Bax ratio >or=1 was also associated with an increased mean survival, as compared to a Bcl-x : Bax ratio >or=1 (P<0.05). Our study shows that p53 expression and certain apoptosis markers correlate with survival. The expression of these markers may account for differences in biological behavior. (+info)

Prognostic relevance of activated Akt kinase in node-negative breast cancer: a clinicopathological study of 99 cases. (2/10675)

Patients with lymphnode-negative breast cancer show a 10-year tumor recurrence rate of approximately 30%. Therefore, it is important to identify high-risk patients who would benefit from further adjuvant therapy. For this purpose, we examined the activation state of two kinases important in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in a series of 99 node-negative breast cancer cases with a mean follow-up of 10 years: Akt and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2). The activation of Akt and ERK1/2 was investigated by immunohistochemistry using phospho-specific antibodies. The results were correlated with HER-2/neu expression, histological grading, receptor status, overall survival (OS) as well as with cell proliferation (Ki67 immunoreactivity, mitotic count) and tumor apoptosis assessed by TUNEL staining. Activation of Akt (pAkt) but not activation of ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) correlated with HER-2/neu overexpression (P<0.05) and was related to reduced tumor apoptosis (P<0.05). No association was found between pAkt or pERK1/2 with cell proliferation assessed by Ki67 and mitotic count (MC). Survival analysis of receptor status, HER2/neu expression, histological grading, MC and pAkt immunoexpression showed a significant correlation with decreased OS, but only pAkt reached statistical significance in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (P=0.015). Activation of Akt in node-negative breast cancer may indicate aggressive tumor behavior and may constitute an independent prognostic factor of OS. The determination of pAkt status may be of value in identifying high-risk patients, who would benefit from adjuvant therapy, and gives a rationale to investigate new therapy strategies by specific inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway in breast cancer. (+info)

Serum nucleosomes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer. Predictive and prognostic significance. (3/10675)

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that free DNA circulates in serum plasma of patients with cancer and that at least part is present in the form of oligo- and monucleosomes, a marker of cell death. Preliminary data has shown a good correlation between decrease of nucleosomes with response and prognosis. Here, we performed pre- and post-chemotherapy determinations of serum nucleosomes with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in a group of patients with cervical cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: From December 2000 to June 2001, 41 patients with cervical cancer staged as FIGO stages IB2-IIIB received three 21-day courses of carboplatin and paclitaxel, both administered at day 1; then, patients underwent radical hysterectomy. Nucleosomes were measured the day before (baseline), at day seven of the first course and day seven of the third course of chemotherapy. Values of nucleosomes were analyzed with regard to pathologic response and to time to progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS: All patients completed chemotherapy, were evaluable for pathologic response, and had nucleosome levels determined. At a mean follow-up of 23 months (range, 7-26 months), projected progression time and overall survival were 80.3 and 80.4%, respectively. Mean differential values of nucleosomes were lower in the third course as compared with the first course (p >0.001). The decrease in the third course correlated with pathologic response (p = 0.041). Survival analysis showed a statistically significant, better progression-free and survival time in patients who showed lower levels at the third course (p = 0.0243 and p = 0.0260, respectively). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that nucleosome increase in the third course increased risk of death to 6.86 (95% confidence interval [CI 95%], 0.84-56.0). CONCLUSION: Serum nucleosomes may have a predictive role for response and prognostic significance in patients with cervical cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (+info)

Prognostic risk factors in patients with interstitial lung disease referred for lung transplantation. (4/10675)

The aim of the study was to identify prognostic factors that would differentiate patients with interstitial lung disease between those with and without a chance to survive until lung transplantation. A retrospective study was performed in patients with interstitial lung disease referred for lung transplantation between September 1999 and April 2005. The analysis included the demographic data, the time from referral to transplantation, the functional tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1%VC, the PaO(2) at rest and after oxygen supplementation via a nasal catheter), the count of NYHA functional classes, the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), the distance covered during a 6-min walk test, and the pathogens in the respiratory tract. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 - lung transplant candidates who survived until the successful procedure and Group 2 - lung transplant candidates who died while on the waiting list. There were statistical differences between the two groups in PaO2 after supplementation (P=0.005), EF (P=0.002), and the 6-min walk distance (P=0.001). It appears that simple functional tests of the cardiorespiratory system may define survival of patients with interstitial lung disease waiting for lung transplantation. (+info)

Quantitative flow cytometry of ZAP-70 levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome. (5/10675)

BACKGROUND: ZAP-70 has emerged as a potential pivotal prognostic marker for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which could replace immunoglobulin heavy chain mutation status. Although several flow cytometry assays have been described for assessing ZAP-70 in CLL, certain technical and scientific issues remain unsolved, which have prevented results of this crucial test from being reported, even in the best routine flow cytometry laboratories. In this report, we aimed to solve some of these issues by providing a computerized quantitative flow cytometric assay for ZAP-70 within the entire CLL population, which would be easy to perform and enable standardization between laboratories. METHODS: Intracellular ZAP-70 levels in CLL and normal B cells were assessed by molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF), employing Quantum FITC MESF calibration beads to establish a standard curve relating channel value to fluorescence intensity in MESF units and the QuickCal v. 2.2 program (www.bangslabs.com) and clinical relevance of the data was determined. RESULTS: The average ZAP-70 expression value in the CD19(+)/CD5(+) cells from 35 CLL patients was 103,701 MESF when compared with 12,621 MESF in B cells from 20 normal blood samples. "Low" and "high" ZAP-70 CLL subgroups were defined. Patients with "high ZAP-70 MESF" CLL had a shorter time to disease progression (P = 0.0005) and a more advanced clinical stage (P = 0.0018) when compared with patients in the "low ZAP-70 MESF" CLL subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: This quantitative analysis method can be employed to obtain a more specific and highly accurate assessment of ZAP-70 levels in CLL cells. The method can easily be standardized, in any routine flow laboratory, thereby improving reproducibility and reliability of ZAP-70 analysis. (+info)

Long-term outcome after Talent endograft implantation for aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: a multicenter retrospective study. (6/10675)

BACKGROUND: The development of newer-generation endografts for the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms has resulted in considerable improvements in clinical performance. However, long-term outcome data are still scarce. To assess long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes after use of the Talent stent graft, a retrospective analysis was performed that was based on 165 patients treated with this endograft in Germany between October 1996 and December 1998. METHODS: Data were collected according to the recommendation of the ad hoc committee for standardized reporting practices in vascular surgery and were evaluated statistically by using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were treated with a Talent endograft in 9 German centers before December 31, 1998. Most were asymptomatic (94.5%), male (97.6%), and treated with a bifurcated graft (86.7%). Two patients (1.2%) died within 30 days, and 28 (17%) died during the follow-up period. The cause of death was aneurysm rupture in one case. Survival was 95.4% +/- 1.7% at 1 year, 89% +/- 2.6% at 2 years, 78.1% +/- 3.6% at 5 years, and 76.2% +/- 4.1% at 7 years. Patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade IV had a significantly lower survival rate (24.9%) than those classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II and III (91.9% and 77.3%). During a mean follow-up period of 53.2 +/- 20.1 months (range, 1-84 months), 47 secondary procedures were performed in 31 patients (18.8%). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed a freedom from secondary intervention of 94.7% +/- 1.8%, 81.7% +/- 3.3%, and 77.4% +/- 3.6% at 1, 3, and 7 years, respectively. The reason for secondary treatment was endograft thrombosis in 10 patients (6.1%), persisting primary endoleak in 9 (5.5%), late secondary endoleak in 6 (3.6%), graft migration in 3 (1.8%), aneurysm rupture in 2 (1.2%), and graft infection in 1 (0.6%). Device migration (> or =10 mm) occurred in seven patients (4.2%). Other graft changes, such as graft kinking (n = 4; 2.4%), fracture of metallic stents (n = 2; 1.2%), erosion of the longitudinal bar (n = 2; 1.2%), or modular component separation (n = 1; 0.6%), were rare. Follow-up computed tomographic imaging revealed a decrease of the maximum aneurysm sac diameter (>5 mm) in 106 (64.2%) patients and an increase in 14 (8.5%) patients. The mean aneurysm diameter significantly decreased (P < .001). Of the factors recorded at baseline, only endoleaks showed a significant correlation with the risk of aneurysm increase during follow-up (P < .001). Adverse anatomy (neck diameter >28 mm, neck length <15 mm, and '5 patent aortic branches) did not adversely influence the aneurysm shrinkage rate, the risk for a secondary procedure, or the clinical success rate. A significantly higher rate of clinical success (P < .05) was observed in patients older than 65 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the Talent endograft device is a safe and effective alternative to open surgery for exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In comparison with first-generation grafts, the device showed superior durability for as long as 5 to 7 years after implantation. Even if prototypes of the Talent device were implanted in this study, the graft was also successfully used in most patients, even in those with adverse anatomy. Because improvements of the endograft have been made to address connecting bar breaks, a lower incidence of graft limb occlusion can be expected in the future. (+info)

Carotid artery stenting in octogenarians is associated with increased adverse outcomes. (7/10675)

BACKGROUND: Carotid artery stenting is an increasingly common endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis advocated in high-risk patients despite reports of increased adverse periprocedural outcomes in patients aged >80 years. We sought to evaluate our single institution experience with octogenarians and whether they have an increased incidence of major complications with carotid artery stenting. METHODS: Three hundred eighty-six patients, including 260 patients from 10 regulatory trials, who underwent carotid artery stenting between June 1996 and March 2004 for symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis were reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Periprocedural (< or =30 days after carotid artery stenting) cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and death outcomes were compared between 87 octogenarians and 295 nonoctogenarians. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed for confounding factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis of stroke and death outcomes was performed for a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: All adverse outcomes were significantly higher in octogenarians compared with younger patients: 30-day stroke rate, 8.0% vs 2.7% (P = .02); 30-day stroke, myocardial infarction, or death, 9.2% vs 3.4% (P = .02). Cohorts were similar in terms of gender, comorbidities, antiplatelet medications, symptomatic status, and use of cerebral protection. Octogenarians had a greater incidence of contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion (26% vs 12%, P = .001), atrial fibrillation (21% vs 8%, P = .001), and congestive heart failure (28% vs 15%, P = .007), but a lower incidence of hypercholesterolemia (53% vs 72%, P = .001) and active smoking (8% vs 24%, P = .001). Multivariate analysis of 30-day major adverse outcomes demonstrated an association between age > or =80 and adverse outcome (odds ratio, 2.85; P = .043) as well as a protective effect of the preprocedural use of aspirin (odds ratio, 0.30, P = .027). At 1-year follow-up, only 75% of octogenarians and 87% of nonoctogenarians were free from stroke, myocardial infarction, or death (P = 005, Kaplan-Meier analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarians undergoing carotid artery stenting are at higher risk than nonoctogenarians for periprocedural complications, including neurologic events and death. Major event-free survival at 1 year is also significantly better in nonoctogenarians. These risks should be weighed when considering carotid stenting in elderly patients. (+info)

Management of in-sent restenosis after carotid artery stenting in high-risk patients. (8/10675)

BACKGROUND: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as an acceptable treatment alternative in patients with carotid bifurcation disease. Although early results of CAS have been promising, long-term clinical outcomes remain less certain. We report herein the frequency, management, and clinical outcome of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after CAS at a single academic institution. METHODS: Clinical records of 208 CAS procedures in 188 patients with carotid stenosis of 80% or greater, including 48 (26.5%) asymptomatic patients, during a 42-month period were analyzed. Follow-up serial carotid duplex ultrasound scans were performed. Selective angiography and repeat intervention were performed when duplex ultrasound scans showed 80% or greater ISR. Treatment outcomes of ISR interventions were analyzed. RESULTS: Over a median 17-month follow-up, 33 (15.9%) ISRs of 60% or greater were found, according to the Doppler criteria. Among them, seven patients (3.4%) with a mean age of 68 years (range, 65-87 years) developed high-grade ISR (> or =80%), and they all underwent further endovascular interventions. Six patients with high-grade ISR were asymptomatic, whereas one remaining patient presented with a transient ischemic attack. Five of seven ISRs occurred within 12 months of CAS, and two occurred at 18 months' follow-up. Treatment indications for initial CAS in these seven patients included recurrent stenosis after CEA (n = 4), radiation-induced stenosis (n = 1), and high-cardiac-risk criteria (n = 2). Treatment modalities for ISR included balloon angioplasty alone (n = 1), cutting balloon angioplasty alone (n = 4), cutting balloon angioplasty with stent placement (n = 1), and balloon angioplasty with stent placement (n = 1). Technical success was achieved in all patients, and no periprocedural complications occurred. Two patients with post-CEA restenosis developed restenosis after ISR interventions, both of whom were successfully treated with cutting balloon angioplasty at 6 and 8 months. The remaining five patients showed an absence of recurrent stenosis or symptoms during a mean follow-up of 12 months (range, 3-37 months). By using the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the freedom from 80% or greater ISR after CAS procedures at 12, 24, 36, and 42 months was 97%, 97%, 96%, and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that ISR after CAS remains uncommon. Successful treatment of ISR can be achieved by endovascular interventions, which incurred no instance of periprocedural complications in our series. Patients who developed ISR after CEA were likely to develop restenosis after IRS intervention. Diligent ultrasound follow-up scans are important after CAS, particularly in patients with post-CEA restenosis. (+info)

Accrual and The Kaplan-Meier Estimate". Cancer Guide. Statistics. Staub, Linda; Gekenidis, Alexandros (Mar 7, 2011). "Kaplan- ... meier.htm "Kaplan-Meier method in SPSS Statistics , Laerd Statistics". "Kaplan-Meier · Survival.jl". Aalen, Odd; Borgan, Ornulf ... Survival > Kaplan-Meier... menu. Julia: the Survival.jl package includes the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Survival Analysis ... Stalpers, Lukas J A; Kaplan, Edward L (4 May 2018). "Edward L. Kaplan and the Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve". BSHM Bulletin: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan–Meier_estimator

Kaplan-Meier estimator "Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen Estimators". "Kaplan-Meier Survival Estimates". Kysely, Jan; Picek, Jan; ... It is used in survival theory, reliability engineering and life insurance to estimate the cumulative number of expected events ... Beranova, Romana (2010). "Estimating extremes in climate change simulations using the peaks-over-threshold method with a non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson–Aalen_estimator

The resolution of these endpoints are usually depicted using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. These curves relate the proportion ... Other HR models have different formulations and the interpretation of the parameter estimates differs accordingly. In its ... the magnitude of distance between the Kaplan-Meier plots. Hazard ratios do not reflect a time unit of the study. The difference ... as estimated by regression models that treat the log of the HR as a function of a baseline hazard h 0 ( t ) {\displaystyle h_{0 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_ratio

An early paper to use the Kaplan-Meier estimator for estimating censored costs was Quesenberry et al. (1989), however this ... 2012). "Techniques for estimating health care costs with censored data: an overview for the health services researcher". ... 1997). "Estimating medical costs from incomplete follow-up data". Biometrics. 53 (2): 419-434. doi:10.2307/2533947. JSTOR ... the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , as follows: l ( λ ) = log ⁡ ( L ( λ ) ) = k log ⁡ ( λ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censoring_(statistics)

std.err is the standard error of the estimated survival. The standard error of the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimate it is ... but it is usually estimated using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve. The graph shows the KM plot for the aml data and can be ... as determined using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimate. ... Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests are most useful when the ... Survival analysis is used in several ways: To describe the survival times of members of a group Life tables Kaplan-Meier curves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_analysis

A Kaplan-Meier analysis of the data estimated that about 50% of symptomatic people would die by the age of 25. More recent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutaric_aciduria_type_1

... may refer to: Kaplan-Meier estimator,estimates the fraction of patients living for a certain amount of time after treatment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KME

Dabrowska's estimator, from her paper "Kaplan-Meier estimate on the plane" (Annals of Statistics, 1988) is a widely used tool ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorota_Dabrowska

Kaplan-Meier estimator for censored processes Survival function Q-Q plot A modern introduction to probability and statistics : ... The empirical distribution function is an estimate of the cumulative distribution function that generated the points in the ... Count data Distribution fitting Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz inequality Empirical probability Empirical process Estimating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_distribution_function

The problem with measuring overall survival by using the Kaplan-Meier or actuarial survival methods is that the estimates ... It can be thought of as the kaplan-meier survivor function for a particular year, divided by the expected survival rate in that ... Lambert PC, Thompson JR, Weston CL, Dickman PW (2007). "Estimating and modeling the cure fraction in population-based cancer ... There are several software suites available to estimate relative survival rates. Regression modelling can be performed using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_survival

... an electric motor constant Kaplan-Meier estimator, a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function Kelley- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KM

Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard), and analysis of complex survey data. The software is an open-source project with ... cross tabulations and stratification with estimates of odds ratios, risk ratios, and risk differences, logistic regression ( ... Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard), and analysis of complex survey data. The "Visual Dashboard" module is a lighter- ... cross tabulations and stratification with estimates of odds ratios, risk ratios, and risk differences, logistic regression ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epi_Info

... tests whether k treatments in randomized block designs have identical effects Kaplan-Meier: estimates the survival function ... A histogram is a simple nonparametric estimate of a probability distribution. Kernel density estimation is another method to ... estimates the accuracy/sampling distribution of a statistic Cochran's Q: tests whether k treatments in randomized block designs ... estimate a probability distribution. Nonparametric regression and semiparametric regression methods have been developed based ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonparametric_statistics

... together with millions of in-house generated immunohistochemically stained tissue sections images and Kaplan-Meier plots ... The Blood Proteins section presents estimated plasma concentrations of the proteins detected in human blood from mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Protein_Atlas

Journal of Microscopy, 142:259-276, 1986 A.J. Baddeley and R.D. Gill, Kaplan-Meier estimators of interpoint distance ... Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics 42:283-322, 2000 A. Baddeley, Time-invariance estimating equations. Bernoulli ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Baddeley

Mathematics portal Kaplan-Meier estimator Hazard ratio Mantel, Nathan (1966). "Evaluation of survival data and two new rank ... The logrank test statistic compares estimates of the hazard functions of the two groups at each observed event time. It is ... The logrank test is based on the same assumptions as the Kaplan-Meier survival curve-namely, that censoring is unrelated to ... is the estimate of the hazard ratio, then log ⁡ λ ^ ≈ Z 4 / D {\displaystyle \log {\hat {\lambda }}\approx Z\,{\sqrt {4/D}}} . ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logrank_test

... is the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and G {\displaystyle G} is the censoring distribution function. The Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz ... More precisely, there is the one-sided estimate Pr ( sup x ∈ R ( F n ( x ) − F ( x ) ) > ε ) ≤ e − 2 n ε 2 for every ε ≥ 1 2 n ... The Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz inequality is obtained for the Kaplan-Meier estimator which is a right-censored data analog of ... It also estimates the tail probability of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. The inequalities above follow from the case where F ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz_inequality

ISBN 0-252-06156-X. Brooker, Russell; Kaplan, Fran. "The Rosenwald Schools: An Impressive Legacy of Black-Jewish Collaboration ... Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, "The Impact of Rosenwald Schools on Black Achievement", September 2011 Meier, Allison C. ( ... doi:10.1086/662962 Aaronson, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar; Sanders, Seth G.; Taylor, Evan J. (May 4, 2020). "Estimating the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenwald_School

For time-to-event outcome data that may be censored, survival analysis (e.g., Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox proportional ... estimates of effect may be biased if not adjusted for the covariates (which may be unmeasured and therefore impossible to ... "discrepancies beyond chance do occur and differences in estimated magnitude of treatment effect are very common" between ... "Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial

... normal distribution Survival analysis Kaplan-Meier estimator, proportional hazards model, Weibull distribution Accounting fraud ... this is likely to be a high estimate, given the predominance of males in the technology industry. Then the probability of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurimetrics

JSTOR 2281868 Description: First description of the now ubiquitous Kaplan-Meier estimator of survival functions from data with ... Peirce and Jastrow use logistic regression to estimate subjective probabilities of subjects's judgments of the heavier of two ... Kaplan, EL and Meier, P Publication data: 1958, Journal of the American Statistical Association, volume 53, pages 457-481. ... Peirce and Jastrow use logistic regression to estimate subjective probabilities of subjects's judgments of the heavier of two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_statistics

The comparison is usually made through the Kaplan-Meier estimator approach. The simplest cure rate model was published by ... ISBN 0-89838-555-5. Lambert PC, Thompson JR, Weston CL, Dickman PW (2007). "Estimating and modeling the cure fraction in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cure

Belarusian-born Israeli US middleweight and World Boxing Association champion super welterweight Louis Kaplan ("Kid Kaplan"), ... It is estimated that more than half died directly as a result of the Holocaust. Georgy Arbatov, Soviet politician, academic and ... born Sussele-Meier Davidoff), former tobacco manufacturer, known as "King of Cigars" Bernard Delfont, impresario Mikhail ... rabbi Fanny Kaplan, would-be assassin of Lenin Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jews_born_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union

K-means++ K-medians clustering K-medoids K-statistic Kalman filter Kaniadakis distribution Kaniadakis statistics Kaplan-Meier ... software Stein's example Proof of Stein's example Stein's lemma Stein's unbiased risk estimate Steiner system Stemplot - see ... and residuals in statistics Errors-in-variables models An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances Estimating ... Generalized chi-squared distribution Generalized Dirichlet distribution Generalized entropy index Generalized estimating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_statistics_articles

In these situations, the most common method to model the survival function is the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier estimator. Every ... as estimated using the exponential curve fit to the data. An alternative to graphing the probability that the failure time is ... Mathematics portal Failure rate Frequency of exceedance Kaplan-Meier estimator Mean time to failure Residence time (statistics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_function

"The investigation of the recurrence rate of cholesteatoma using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis". Otology & Neurotology. 29 (6 ... In one study, the number of new cases of cholesteatoma in Iowa was estimated in 1975-76 to be just under one new case per ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesteatoma

An estimate of in the order of 1000 dive injuries per year occur in the United States and Canada. Many of these involve ... Meier, Matthew (5 November 2021). "Inner-Ear Barotrauma vs. DCS". xray-mag.com. X-Ray Magazine. Retrieved 26 July 2022. Marx, ... Kaplan, Joseph. Alcock, Joe (ed.). "Barotrauma Medication". emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 15 January 2017. Bentz, Brandon G ... Kaplan, Joseph. Alcock, Joe (ed.). "Barotrauma Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests". emedicine.medscape. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barotrauma

According to Irving Kaplan, prior to the 7th century, the coastal areas frequented by the Persian migrants were inhabited by " ... A French visitor to this Sultanate, named Morice estimated that about a tenth of the population was Swahili-speaking Arabs and ... Meier, Prita. "Swahili Port Cities: The Architecture of Elsewhere." (Bloomington Indiana: Indiana University press, 2016) Pg. ... Shimaore is spoken on Mayotte, and has an estimated 136,500 total speakers. Shimwali is spoken on Mwali, and has about 28,700 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirazi_people

Meier, S.A. (1999). "Angel I". In Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter Willem (eds.). Dictionary of ... Kaplan, Aryeh (1997). Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation in Theory and Practice (2nd Revised ed.). Weiser Books. p. 168. ISBN ... Raphael (/ˈræfiəl/, "God has healed") is an archangel first mentioned in the Book of Tobit and in 1 Enoch, both estimated to ... malak". Meier 1999, p. 47. Grossman 2011, p. 52. Van Henten 1999, p. 81. Grossman 2011, p. 51. Yerushalmi Rosh Hashanah 1:2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)

852-853 Kaplan, Robert D. (2008). Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Knopf Doubleday. pp. 115- ... p. 4. Although Carter didn't provide an estimate of what his health plan would cost taxpayers, it features many proposals ... 68-. ISBN 978-0-8157-2907-5. Kenneth J. Meier (September 16, 2016). The Politics of Sin: Drugs, Alcohol and Public Policy: ... Edward Kennedy [D., Mass.] which are estimated to cost at least $40 billion annually. Kaufman and Kaufman, 2006, pp. 122-125 " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter

Estimation and Markov Process in Estimating Survival Time of A Cohort Of Dogs with Rabies ... A Comparison of Kaplan-Meier Product Limit Estimation and Markov Process in Estimating Survival Time of A Cohort Of Dogs with ... Hence, the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimation with the smaller variance is more efficient in estimating survival time ... In carrying out Kaplan-Meier analysis, euthanasia was equated with death. Death (including subjects) recorded were treated as ...

https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/MTM/article/view/9670

The proportion of children found to be infected by age 6 months in each treatment group was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier ... The estimated HIV transmission risk for the ZDV and placebo groups were 9.2% (95% confidence interval {CI}=5.0%-13.5%) and 18.6 ... Estimating the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a breast-feeding population in ... tested by using a normally distributed Z statistic computed from these estimates. As a result of two interim evaluations of ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051464.htm

Using and Understanding Survival Statistics - or How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Kaplan-Meier Estimate. ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/resource/pt/mdl-36822786

Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare differences. Overall ... IPTW-adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves were also estimated. All data were analyzed using SPSS software (v. 18; SPSS, Chicago, IL, ... To estimate the propensity score, logistic regression model was applied, and propensity scores were calculated based on ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/974158_3

Kaplan-Meier Estimate * Linear Models * Magnetic Resonance Imaging* * Male * Middle Aged * Multivariate Analysis ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22296860/?dopt=Abstract

A) Kaplan-Meier estimate for all cases; B)... * Figure 4. Estimates for time to TB disease diagnosis not attributed to recent ... A) Kaplan-Meier estimate for all... Tables. * Table 1. Median time to diagnosis of tuberculosis disease not attributed to ... Kaplan-Meier estimate for time to TB disease diagnosis not attributed to recent transmission among non-US-born persons after ... Kaplan-Meier estimate for time to TB disease diagnosis not attributed to recent transmission among non-US-born persons after ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/6/20-3663_article

a Kaplan Meier estimates. MONJUVI Prescribing Information. Were there any differences in how well the drug worked in clinical ...

https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/drug-trial-snapshots-monjuvi

The proportion of children found to be infected by age 6 months in each treatment group was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier ... The estimated HIV transmission risk for the ZDV and placebo groups were 9.2% (95% confidence interval {CI}=5.0%-13.5%) and 18.6 ... Estimating the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a breast-feeding population in ... The null hypothesis of no treatment effect was tested by using a normally distributed Z statistic computed from these estimates ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0051464/m0051464.asp

Survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.. Eligibility criteria evaluation with Shapley values. To evaluate ... We used a logistic regression model to estimate ei. In our experiments of aNSCLC, the covariates X were: age, gender, composite ... Here we estimated the Shapley value by Monte Carlo sampling subsets of criteria S. The Monte Carlo sampling gives an unbiased ... To estimate this effect systematically, for each aNSCLC trial, we simulated thousands of synthetic cohorts using the Flatiron ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03430-5?utm_campaign=Your%20guide%20to%20AI&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter&error=cookies_not_supported&code=9fdf0dde-6a16-43cf-8dc7-5f7e7a7857a4

Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 10-year cumulative total cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD mortality. CVD mortality is death ... Ten-year rates of CVD mortality and total CVD were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Ratios and differences between ... were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates among 24 014 men and women aged 39-79 years without baseline CVD or diabetes ... In men, the KM estimate for total CVD was 24.9%, for CVD mortality this was 5.4%, yielding an overall ratio of 4.6. In women, ...

https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/1/63

Kaplan-Meier estimates.. Median of main outcome measure. 3.1. 1.6. 2.9. 1.1. NE*. NE*. ... Kaplan-Meier projected with observed range.. ‡ "+" indicates an ongoing response.. § Duration of response: interval from the ... The median AUC0-180d in patients 2 years to 5 years of age (BSA of 0.5 m2) was estimated to be 10100 (µg/mL*day) and is ... The estimated background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2%-4% and of miscarriage is 15%-20% of ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b172773b-3905-4a1c-ad95-bab4b6126563&version=24

To estimate SAR, we calculated cumulative incidence using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. We assessed risk factors for transmission ... We identified ≈11% of all COVID-19 patients as index patients and estimated a 23% SAR in exposed patients. From the 23 ... After in-hospital exposure, we estimated secondary attack rate at 23.3%. Transmission was associated with longer contact times ... We estimated the secondary attack rate (SAR) after exposure in a hospital in Zurich and identified risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/10/22-0321

Will be estimated using Kaplan-Meier method.. *Urothelial cancer-free survival or disease-free survival (All Patients) [ Time ... Will be characterized using the Kaplan-Meier method.. *Overall survival (OS) (All Patients) [ Time Frame: From registration to ... Estimated Study Completion Date :. September 30, 2027. Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine Drug ... Will be analyzed using Grays method and cumulative incidence estimates will be reported. ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04628767?term=EA8192&draw=2&rank=1

Kaplan EL, Meier P (1958) Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 53:457-481 ... where, C i denotes the estimated capacity for location i; u i denotes the space mean speed (km/h) for location i; u f,i denotes ... calculating capacity estimates based on breakdown phenomena, and (4) approaches for estimating average daily capacity based on ... it is concluded that the capacity estimated by the PLM method is statistically different than the capacity estimated by the ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40534-015-0074-2

OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Kaplan-Meier method is a statistical method used to assess survival times ... Locoregional control was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Kaplan-Meier method is a statistical method used to assess ... DFS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Kaplan-Meier method is a statistical method used to assess survival times ... Estimated Study Completion Date :. October 2022. Resource links provided by the National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01979211

llBased on Kaplan-Meier estimates.. ¶In the CRYSTAL-AF study, the control group included 88 conventional ECGs, 20 24-hour ...

https://www.medtronic.com/us-en/healthcare-professionals/products/cardiac-rhythm/cardiac-monitors/reveal-linq-icm.html?cmpid=reveallinq_com_vanity_url_printordigital_MDTdiagnostics_com_medtronic_com_FY18&utm_source=reveallinq_com_vanity_url&utm_medium=printordigital&utm_campaign=MDTdiagnostics_com_medtronic_com_FY18

bCrude survival was estimated by using Kaplan-Meier life table.. cModel 1 adjusted survivals were estimated using Cox ... The annual direct medical cost for stroke was estimated at $30.8 billion from 2016 through 2017.[1] Although stroke risks and ... We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate 5-year survival after AIS, adjusted for age, sex, race and Hispanic ... aAdjusted survivals were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusting for age, sex, race and Hispanic ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/946676

The survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis. Mice pretreated with ATG had an increased survival after MSCs ... Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test. Statistical significance level was defined as . Statistical analyses ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sci/2016/3585362/

KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVAL PROBABILITY ESTIMATES ... STODDARD SOLVENT (TYPE IIC) KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVAL CURVES ... KAPLAN-MEIER) , , , , , ,SIGNIFICANCE (B) , P=0.690 P=0.860 P=0.320 P=0.791 , ,(LIFE TABLE) , , , , , ,MEAN DAY OF , 606.4 ... KAPLAN-MEIER) , , , , , ,SIGNIFICANCE (B) , P=0.757 P=0.715 P=0.104 P=0.845 , ,(LIFE TABLE) , , , , , ,MEAN DAY OF , 625.7 ... KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVAL CURVES CONTROL = 1 550 MG/M3 = 2 1100 MG/M3 = 3 2200 MG/M3 = 4 ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/data/tables/unorgpath/9xxxx/96001/06p11/index.html

Survival function estimates were calculated using the product limit (Kaplan-Meier) method. In the text relative risks are ... Kaplan-Meier plots of proportions of patients with any clinical end point, fatal or non-fatal, related to diabetes ... Kaplan-Meier plots of proportions of patients who die of disease related to diabetes (myocardial infarction, sudden death, ... Kaplan-Meier plots of proportions of patients who developed microvascular end points (mostly retinal photocoagulation), fatal ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/317/7160/703?ijkey=e8557c9d1115d5caf1ab34604ffb44aafe3e7c90&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Williams JR, Trias E, Beilby PR, Lopez NI, Labut EM, C Bradford S, Roberts BR, McAllum EJ, Crouch PJ, ...

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=3721&o=desc&page=8&s=keyword

Recently, the KM-MDR method was proposed using the Kaplan-Meier median survival time as a classifier. All three methods used ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-90733/v1

Kaplan-Meier Estimate. Medical Oncology. Research Design. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic. Clinical Trials, Phase III as ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/181537/network/researchareas/timeline

Overall survival (OS) was quantified by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on ... Overall survival (OS) was quantified by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on ... Overall survival (OS) was quantified by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on ... Overall survival (OS) was quantified by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on ...

https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/male-breast-cancer-a-nation-wide-population-based-comparison-with

Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival curves8 were used to assess the time to reach the DH and CC thresholds. Times to reach the ... We estimated that of all the patients covered by Medicare Part D standard benefit in 2007, 18.5% reached the DH by the years ... The generalized estimating equations9 approach was used to account for the repeated measurements on the same patient in ... In 2007 the number of people enrolled in the Medicare Part D drug plans was estimated at 25 million.1 Our study focused on 3 ...

https://www.ajmc.com/view/ajmc_09may_pedan323to327

Figure 2 Kaplan- Meier estimates of survival at 5 years post- rifaximin-α treatment. Crosshairs represent patients from whom ... The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival probability. Univariate survival analysis was performed with variables ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365308741_Real-world_evidence_of_long-term_survival_and_healthcare_resource_use_in_patients_with_hepatic_encephalopathy_receiving_rifaximin-a_treatment_a_retrospective_observational_extension_study_with_long-te

Kaplan-Meier estimated median with 95% CI derived using Brookmeyer-Crowley method. † Based on Cox proportional hazards model ... Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curves of Overall Survival in the PACIFIC Study ... Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Curves of Overall Survival in the CASPIAN Study ... In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized ...

https://www.rxlist.com/imfinzi-drug.htm

Kaplan-Meier analysis was done for time-to-event analysis.[6] The mean value with its 95% CIs was estimated. As the sample size ...

https://journals.lww.com/crst/Fulltext/2022/05030/Real_world_analysis_of_BRAF_inhibitors_in_patients.31.aspx

Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare differences. (medscape.com)
IPTW-adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves were also estimated. (medscape.com)
1) Kaplan-Meier plots to visualize survival curves. (kdnuggets.com)

The Kaplan - Meier estimator is used for right-censored data. (wolfram.com)
The usual nonparametric estimator of the survival function is the time-honored Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator. (r-project.org)
The condSURV package provides three different approaches all based on the Kaplan-Meier estimator. (r-project.org)
The survival probability was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. (who.int)

The proportion of children found to be infected by age 6 months in each treatment group was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. (cdc.gov)
This paper first estimates capacity concept using the (1) maximum method, (2) Van Aerde model, (3) breakdown identification, and (4) product limit method from ITS data collected in San Diego, California, U.S. and Shanghai, China. (springer.com)
Locoregional control was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The Kaplan-Meier method is a statistical method used to assess survival times while factoring for censored observations (those who had LRC) and the time for them to be censored. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Recently, the KM-MDR method was proposed using the Kaplan-Meier median survival time as a classifier. (researchsquare.com)
We estimated the probability of follow-up colonoscopy and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Kaplan-Meier method. (rand.org)
The prevalence was calculated according to the method of Pisani, Bray and Parkin from the nationwide incidence estimates and the absolute survival rates (by age, sex, cancer type and calendar year) calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. (krebsdaten.de)
Progression free survival (PFS) and disease specific survival (DSS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. (uw.edu)
Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the significance of differences was determined by the log-rank test. (elsevier.com)
Survival estimates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method with comparison of variables by log rank and hazard rates (HR) computed by Cox regression. (auanet.org)
The actuarial method [2] of estimating survival by extent of disease is related to the motivation of follow-up time allows utilization of all information follow-up, etc. (who.int)

Median length of stay based on Kaplan Meier survival estimates. (bmj.com)

The motivation of this paper is to compare and contrast four of the most popular capacity estimation techniques in terms of (1) data requirements, (2) modeling effort required, (3) estimated parameter values, (4) theoretical background, and (5) statistical differences across time and over geographically dispersed locations. (springer.com)
It was found that, irrespective of the estimation methodology and the definition of capacity, the estimated capacity can vary considerably over time. (springer.com)

Methods CVD mortality and total CVD (fatal plus non-fatal CVD requiring hospitalisation) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates among 24 014 men and women aged 39-79 years without baseline CVD or diabetes mellitus in the prospective population-based European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort. (bmj.com)
Conclusions The relationship between 10-year total CVD and CVD mortality is dependent on age and sex, and cannot be estimated using a fixed multiplier. (bmj.com)
Using CVD mortality to estimate total CVD risk leads to serious underestimation of risk, particularly in younger age groups, and particularly in women. (bmj.com)
1 , 2 It is suggested that in high-risk individuals with a 10-year CVD mortality risk of ≥5%, as estimated using Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), total CVD is threefold higher, and possibly more in young men, and less in women and in older individuals. (bmj.com)
The association of mortality states and years of transplantation found significantly by Kaplan-Meier test (Breslow p˂0.001). (hvt-journal.com)
From other factors influencing mortality, sex did not show strong impact on survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis, but significant association was found by Cox regression analysis. (hvt-journal.com)
The aim of this study is to estimate the expected number of mortality cases for Bangkok residential expose to outdoor air pollution. (expertconferences.org)

Survival probability estimates and variance were calculated. (iiste.org)
The loss-adjusted survival results are that those lost to follow-up in specific prognostic compared with the crude actuarial estimate to stratum have the same probability of death as others demonstrate the magnitude of bias. (who.int)

Flu vaccination coverage estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to determine the cumulative flu vaccination coverage (≥1 dose) during July 2017 through May 2018 using monthly interview data collected September 2017 through June 2018. (cdc.gov)
P = .006), and Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed a significant cumulative benefit ( P = .02). (medscape.com)

Cox proportional hazards regression analyses estimated the CVD hazard ratio associated with 9/11/2001 arrival in responders with and without dust cloud exposure, compared with arrival on or after 9/12/2001. (cdc.gov)
Survival function probabilities of patients and rational risk factors of survival functions were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, respectively. (hvt-journal.com)

A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cessation of any and exclusive breastfeeding, while controlling for differences at baseline. (biomedcentral.com)

We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate 5-year survival after AIS, adjusted for age, sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity, poverty level, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and state. (medscape.com)
HRs and 95% CIs were estimated from multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. (rand.org)
Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate iology Score (APS) was calculated to adjust for severity unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confi dence of illness ( 15 ). (cdc.gov)

According to Kaplan-Meier results survival probabilities calculated for 1st year: 0.96 (0.014), for 3rd year: 0.94 (0.018), for 5th year: 0.86 (0.04), for 7th year: 0.75 (0.10). (hvt-journal.com)
It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. (bvsalud.org)

Kaplan-Meier estimates of CVD incidence used the generalized Wilcoxon test statistic to account for censored data. (cdc.gov)

The survival rates of brackets were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. (dpjo.net)

In carrying out Kaplan-Meier analysis, euthanasia was equated with death. (iiste.org)
As part of this analysis, we estimated the percentage of patients that had reached the DH and CC by different time points in 2007. (ajmc.com)
All estimates were weighted to the U.S. adult population with analysis conducted using SAS and SUDAAN statistical software to account for the complex survey design. (cdc.gov)

Recurrence was estimated by conditional logistic regression. (silverchair.com)

3 ) BRFSS data were collected from September 2017 through June 2018 from all 50 states to estimate vaccination coverage for vaccines administered from July 2017 through May 2018. (cdc.gov)

The values are then compared across time to examine the variability of capacity estimates as a function of location and methodology. (springer.com)
Figure 1 shows estimated Kaplan Meier survival functions, which account for groups and members being observed for different lengths of time. (ideasforindia.in)
Loss-adjusted survival is estimated under the assumption that survival of patients lost to follow-up is the same as that for patients with known follow-up time and similar characteristics of different prognostic factors at first entry. (who.int)
Cancer survival is the main indicator of outcome of who have a potential follow-up shorter than the time cancer health services or treatment, and an of the maximum estimated survival are 'censored' important component in maintaining cancer control cases. (who.int)

A residual (or fitting deviation), on the other hand, is an observable estimate of the unobservable statistical error. (wikipedia.org)

Survival from diagnosis was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. (ersjournals.com)

Unfortunately, there is no consensus on the best approach for estimating capacity from ITS data. (springer.com)
2 ) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to estimate flu vaccination coverage for the U.S. population of adults aged ≥18 years during the 2017-18 flu season. (cdc.gov)
Preliminary estimates from other data sources do not show decreases in flu vaccination coverage. (cdc.gov)
For this report, CDC analyzed data from BRFSS for adults aged ≥18 years to estimate flu vaccination coverage from the 2017-18 flu season. (cdc.gov)
Cancer registries have long served as surviving at date of last follow-up: this date can be potential sources of data for estimating survival. (who.int)

2] or Kaplan-Meier [3] methods. (who.int)

The annual direct medical cost for stroke was estimated at $30.8 billion from 2016 through 2017. (medscape.com)
The 2017-18 flu season estimates were compared with 2016-17 flu season estimates. (cdc.gov)
Métodos estudio descriptivo longitudinal y de seguimiento prospectivo de una serie de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de cáncer de esófago registrados en la consulta multidisciplinaria de vías digestivas (N=57), del Hospital Universitario Celestino Hernández Robau, de Villa Clara, en el período enero/2016 a diciembre/2017. (bvsalud.org)

These estimated capacities varied by as much as 26 % at the San Diego test site and by 34 % at the Shanghai test site. (springer.com)

Estimates for children for the 2017-18 season have been published. (cdc.gov)
Estimates for the District of Columbia represent vaccination coverage through November 2017 based on interviews conducted September through December 2017. (cdc.gov)

Risk difference/risk ratio and 95% CIs calculated using generalised estimating equations (to account for hospital) using the Binomial family. (bmj.com)

Estimates of the burden of disease attributed to outdoor air pollution can help fix the priority for controlling air pollution by Government policy not only to put control device on vehicle and improved standard combustion technology including fuel quality but also to design land use for develop public transport system to protect human health. (expertconferences.org)

The estimated HIV transmission risk for the ZDV and placebo groups were 9.2% (95% confidence interval {CI}=5.0%-13.5%) and 18.6% (95% CI=13.0%-24.0%), respectively, representing a 51% (95% CI=15%-71%) decrease in transmission risk. (cdc.gov)
We estimated the secondary attack rate (SAR) after exposure in a hospital in Zurich and identified risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. (cdc.gov)
Information on high-risk conditions was missing for 1.2% of adults and were not included in the estimates by risk condition. (cdc.gov)

However, the antioxidative activities estimated as a superoxide dismutase-like activity of broiler chicks supplemented with BV was significantly increased in comparison with those without BV supplementation. (blogspot.com)

Suppose there is a series of observations from a univariate distribution and we want to estimate the mean of that distribution (the so-called location model ). (wikipedia.org)

Moreover, it was estimated that scaling up breastfeeding to near universal levels could prevent approximately 823,000 child deaths and 20,000 deaths due to breast cancer worldwide annually. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 336 hospital series of treated new breast cancer cases from Mumbai with 24% lost to follow-up revealed a substantial bias of 7 per cent units for 3-year survival estimated with (54%) and without (61%) loss-adjustment. (who.int)

While this study is concerned with estimating capacity, the problem is a subset of a much broader issue-how to identify the fundamental speed-flow-density relationship for a given facility. (springer.com)

AIDS in Cambodia, of whom ap- clinics to integrate HIV/AIDS care through programmes run jointly by the proximately 25 000 were estimated to with the management of diabetes and Ministry of Health and nongovernmen- urgently require care and treatment hypertension in two provincial capitals, tal organizations (NGOs). (who.int)

In the general population its prevalence is estimated 4-7% in an ambulatory setting and 15-30% in hospital care [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Organisms4

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment74

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena8

Information Science19

Named Groups2

Health Care80

Geographicals6

p53, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors. (1/10675)

Prognostic relevance of activated Akt kinase in node-negative breast cancer: a clinicopathological study of 99 cases. (2/10675)

Serum nucleosomes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer. Predictive and prognostic significance. (3/10675)

Prognostic risk factors in patients with interstitial lung disease referred for lung transplantation. (4/10675)

Quantitative flow cytometry of ZAP-70 levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia using molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome. (5/10675)

Long-term outcome after Talent endograft implantation for aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: a multicenter retrospective study. (6/10675)

Carotid artery stenting in octogenarians is associated with increased adverse outcomes. (7/10675)

Management of in-sent restenosis after carotid artery stenting in high-risk patients. (8/10675)

Kaplan-Meier Estimate

Retrospective Studies

Proportional Hazards Models

Prognosis

Treatment Outcome

Survival Rate

Time Factors

Follow-Up Studies

Radiation Leukemia Virus

Disease-Free Survival

Survival Analysis

Cohort Studies

Acetic Anhydrides

Risk Factors

Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Neoplasm Staging

Herpesvirus 1, Suid

Prospective Studies

Molecular Sequence Data

Models, Statistical

Reproducibility of Results

Algorithms

United States

Computer Simulation

Prevalence

Models, Genetic

Likelihood Functions

Bayes Theorem

Models, Biological

Models, Theoretical

Data Interpretation, Statistical

Incidence

Regression Analysis

Risk Assessment

Breeding

Genetic Variation

Monte Carlo Method

Age Factors

Sensitivity and Specificity

Probability

Linear Models

Infant, Newborn

Population Surveillance

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Age Distribution

Pregnancy

Cross-Sectional Studies

Epidemiologic Methods

Genetics, Population

Phylogeny

Health Surveys

Logistic Models

Case-Control Studies

Risk

Data Collection

Questionnaires

Health Care Costs

Environmental Monitoring

Cost of Illness

Confidence Intervals

Statistics as Topic

Sex Factors

Markov Chains

Evolution, Molecular

Sample Size

Geography

Quality-Adjusted Life Years

Odds Ratio

Environmental Exposure

Occupational Exposure

Population Density

Quantitative Trait, Heritable

Uncertainty

Research Design

Body Weight

Costs and Cost Analysis

Mathematics

Seasons

Sex Distribution

Cattle