Jugular Veins: Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins.Veins: The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.Catheterization, Central Venous: Placement of an intravenous CATHETER in the subclavian, jugular, or other central vein.Subclavian Vein: The continuation of the axillary vein which follows the subclavian artery and then joins the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.Saphenous Vein: The vein which drains the foot and leg.Portal Vein: A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.Femoral Vein: The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.Brachiocephalic Veins: Large veins on either side of the root of the neck formed by the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. They drain blood from the head, neck, and upper extremities, and unite to form the superior vena cava.Varicose Veins: Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.Cerebral Veins: Veins draining the cerebrum.Pulmonary Veins: The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.Catheters, Indwelling: Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time.Phlebography: Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.Cranial Sinuses: Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of DURA MATER, the endosteal and the meningeal layers. They are devoid of valves and are parts of the venous system of dura mater. Major cranial sinuses include a postero-superior group (such as superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight, transverse, and occipital) and an antero-inferior group (such as cavernous, petrosal, and basilar plexus).Venous Valves: Flaps within the VEINS that allow the blood to flow only in one direction. They are usually in the medium size veins that carry blood to the heart against gravity.Fusobacterium necrophorum: A species of gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from the natural cavities of man and other animals and from necrotic lesions, abscesses, and blood.Axillary Vein: The venous trunk of the upper limb; a continuation of the basilar and brachial veins running from the lower border of the teres major muscle to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the subclavian vein.Fusobacterium Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.Mesenteric Veins: Veins which return blood from the intestines; the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein.Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.Lemierre Syndrome: A superinfection of the damaged oropharyngeal mucosa by FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM leading to the secondary septic THROMBOPHLEBITIS of the internal jugular vein.Renal Veins: Short thick veins which return blood from the kidneys to the vena cava.Umbilical Veins: Venous vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the FETUS via the PLACENTA. In humans, there is normally one umbilical vein.Iliac Vein: A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.Azygos Vein: A vein which arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava.Venae Cavae: The inferior and superior venae cavae.Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).Hepatic Veins: Veins which drain the liver.Popliteal Vein: The vein formed by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins; it courses through the popliteal space and becomes the femoral vein.Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS of an upper extremity vein (e.g., AXILLARY VEIN; SUBCLAVIAN VEIN; and JUGULAR VEINS). It is associated with mechanical factors (Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Primary) secondary to other anatomic factors (Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Secondary). Symptoms may include sudden onset of pain, warmth, redness, blueness, and swelling in the arm.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Venous Pressure: The blood pressure in the VEINS. It is usually measured to assess the filling PRESSURE to the HEART VENTRICLE.Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.Amnesia, Transient Global: A syndrome characterized by a transient loss of the ability to form new memories. It primarily occurs in middle aged or elderly individuals, and episodes may last from minutes to hours. During the period of amnesia, immediate and recent memory abilities are impaired, but the level of consciousness and ability to perform other intellectual tasks are preserved. The condition is related to bilateral dysfunction of the medial portions of each TEMPORAL LOBE. Complete recovery normally occurs, and recurrences are unusual. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp429-30)Neck: The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.Vena Cava, Superior: The venous trunk which returns blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and chest.Venous Insufficiency: Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.Polytetrafluoroethylene: Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron.Carotid Arteries: Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.Valsalva Maneuver: Forced expiratory effort against a closed GLOTTIS.Splenic Vein: Vein formed by the union (at the hilus of the spleen) of several small veins from the stomach, pancreas, spleen and mesentery.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Catheterization, Peripheral: Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Vascular Grafting: Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES, or transplanted BLOOD VESSELS, or other biological material to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.Central Venous Pressure: The blood pressure in the central large VEINS of the body. It is distinguished from peripheral venous pressure which occurs in an extremity.Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical: Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Thrombosis: Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Graft Occlusion, Vascular: Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.Venous Cutdown: Creation of a small incised opening in a vein to permit the passage of a needle or cannula for withdrawal of blood, administration of medication, or in diagnostic or therapeutic catheterization. (Dorland, 28th ed.; Stedman, 26th ed.)Arteriovenous Fistula: An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.Central Venous Catheters: Catheters that are inserted into a large central vein such as a SUBCLAVIAN VEIN or FEMORAL VEIN.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Constriction, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.Punctures: Incision of tissues for injection of medication or for other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Punctures of the skin, for example may be used for diagnostic drainage; of blood vessels for diagnostic imaging procedures.Retinal Vein: Central retinal vein and its tributaries. It runs a short course within the optic nerve and then leaves and empties into the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus.Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.Blood Vessel Prosthesis: Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.Vascular Malformations: A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.Progesterone: The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.Vena Cava, Inferior: The venous trunk which receives blood from the lower extremities and from the pelvic and abdominal organs.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Carotid Artery, Common: The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.Vascular Surgical Procedures: Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.Estrus: The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.Glomus Jugulare: A nonchromaffin paraganglion located in the wall of the jugular bulb. The most common tumors of the middle ear arise from this tissue. (Lockard, Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 1992, p114)Injections, Intravenous: Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.Foreign-Body Migration: Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.
Use of high-intensity focused ultrasound to control bleeding. (1/870)
OBJECTIVE: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been shown to be effective in controlling hemorrhage from punctures in blood vessels. The objective of the current study was to investigate the capability of HIFU to stop bleeding after a more severe type of vascular injury, namely longitudinal incisions of arteries and veins. METHODS: The superficial femoral arteries, common femoral arteries, carotid arteries, and jugular veins of four anesthetized pigs were exposed surgically. A longitudinal incision, 2 to 8 mm in length, was produced in the vessel. HIFU treatment was applied within 5 seconds of the onset of the bleeding. The HIFU probe consisted of a high-power, 3.5-MHz, piezoelectric transducer with an ellipsoidal focal spot that was 1 mm in cross section and 9 mm in axial dimension. The entire incision area was scanned with the HIFU beam at a rate of 15 to 25 times/second and a linear displacement of 5 to 10 mm. A total of 76 incisions and HIFU treatments were performed. RESULTS: Control of bleeding (major hemosatsis) was achieved in all 76 treatments, with complete hemostasis achieved in 69 treatments (91%). The average treatment times of major and complete hemostasis were 17 and 25 seconds, respectively. After the treatment, 74% of the vessels in which complete hemostasis was achieved were patent with distal blood flow and 26% were occluded. The HIFU-treated vessels showed a consistent coagulation of the adventitia surrounding the vessels, with a remarkably localized injury to the vessel wall. Extensive fibrin deposition at the treatment site was observed. CONCLUSION: HIFU may provide a useful method of achieving hemostasis for arteries and veins in a variety of clinical applications. (+info)Adventitial delivery minimizes the proinflammatory effects of adenoviral vectors. (2/870)
PURPOSE: Adenovirus-mediated arterial gene transfer is a promising tool in the study of vascular biology and the development of vascular gene therapy. However, intraluminal delivery of adenoviral vectors causes vascular inflammation and neointimal formation. Whether these complications could be avoided and gene transfer efficiency maintained by means of delivering adenoviral vectors via the adventitia was studied. METHODS: Replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene (AdRSVnLacZ) or without a recombinant gene (AdNull) were infused into the lumen or the adventitia of rabbit carotid arteries. Two days after infusion of either AdRSVnLacZ (n = 8 adventitial, n = 8 luminal) or AdNull (n = 4 luminal), recombinant gene expression was quantitated by histochemistry (performed on tissue sections) and with a beta-gal activity assay (performed on vessel extracts). Inflammation caused by adenovirus infusion was assessed 14 days after infusion of either AdNull (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6) into the carotid adventitia. Inflammation was assessed by means of examination of histologic sections for the presence of neointimal formation and infiltrating T cells and for the expression of markers of vascular cell activation (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). To measure the systemic immune response to adventitial infusion of adenovirus, plasma samples (n = 3) were drawn 14 days after infusion of AdNull and assayed for neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS: Two days after luminal infusion of AdRSVnLacZ, approximately 30% of luminal endothelial cells expressed beta-gal. Similarly, 2 days after infusion of AdRSVnLacZ to the adventitia, approximately 30% of adventitial cells expressed beta-gal. beta-gal expression was present in the carotid adventitia, the internal jugular vein adventitia, and the vagus nerve perineurium. Elevated beta-gal activity (50- to 80-fold more than background; P <.05) was detected in extracts made from all AdRSVnLacZ-transduced arteries. The amount of recombinant protein expression per vessel did not differ significantly between vessels transduced via the adventitia (17.1 mU/mg total protein [range, 8.1 to 71.5]) and those transduced via a luminal approach (10.0 mU/mg total protein [range, 3.9 to 42.6]). Notably, adventitial delivery of AdNull did not cause neointimal formation. In addition, vascular inflammation in arteries transduced via the adventitia (ie, T-cell infiltrates and ICAM-1 expression) was confined to the adventitia, sparing both the intima and media. Antiadenoviral neutralizing antibodies were present in all rabbits after adventitial delivery of AdNull. CONCLUSION: Infusion of adenoviral vectors into the carotid artery adventitia achieves recombinant gene expression at a level equivalent to that achieved by means of intraluminal vector infusion. Because adventitial gene transfer can be performed by means of direct application during open surgical procedures, this technically simple procedure may be more clinically applicable than intraluminal delivery. Moreover, despite the generation of a systemic immune response, adventitial infusion had no detectable pathologic effects on the vascular intima or media. For these reasons, adventitial gene delivery may be a particularly useful experimental and clinical tool. (+info)Antithrombotic efficacy of thrombin inhibitor L-374,087: intravenous activity in a primate model of venous thrombus extension and oral activity in a canine model of primary venous and coronary artery thrombosis. (3/870)
The small molecule direct thrombin inhibitor L-374,087 was characterized across species in an in vitro activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT) assay and in vivo in rhesus monkey and dog thrombosis models. In vitro in rhesus, dog, and human plasma, L-374,087 concentrations eliciting 2-fold increases in aPTT were 0.25, 1.9, and 0.28 microM, respectively. In anesthetized rhesus monkeys, 300 microgram/kg bolus plus 12 microgram/kg/min and 300 microgram/kg bolus plus 30 microgram/kg/min L-374,087 i.v. infusions significantly reduced jugular vein thrombus extension, with both regimens limiting venous thrombus extension to 2-fold that of baseline thrombus mass compared with a 5-fold extension observed in the vehicle control group. Antithrombotic efficacy in the rhesus with the lower-dose regimen was achieved with 2.3- to 2.4-fold increases in aPTT and prothrombin time. In a conscious instrumented dog model of electrolytic vessel injury, the oral administration of two 10 mg/kg L-374,087 doses 12 h apart significantly reduced jugular vein thrombus mass, reduced the incidence of and delayed time to occlusive coronary artery thrombosis, and significantly reduced coronary artery thrombus mass and ensuing posterolateral myocardial infarct size. Antithrombotic efficacy in the dog was achieved with 1.6- to 2.0-fold increases in aPTT at 1 to 6 h after oral dosing with L-374,087. These results indicate significant antithrombotic efficacy against both venous and coronary arterial thrombosis with L-374,087 with only moderate elevations in aPTT or prothrombin time. The oral efficacy of L-374,087 characterizes this compound as a prototype for the further development of orally active direct thrombin inhibitors. (+info)Pulmonary clearance of adrenomedullin is reduced during the late stage of sepsis. (4/870)
Polymicrobial sepsis is characterized by an early, hyperdynamic phase followed by a late, hypodynamic phase. Although upregulation of adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel potent vasodilatory peptide, plays an important role in producing cardiovascular responses during the progression of sepsis, it remains unknown whether the clearance of this peptide is altered under such conditions. To determine this, male adult rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by fluid resuscitation. At 5 h (i.e., the hyperdynamic phase of sepsis) or 20 h (the hypodynamic phase) after CLP, the animals were injected with 125I-labeled ADM through the jugular vein. Blood and tissue samples (including the lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, spleen, mesentery, liver, brain, skeletal muscle, heart, and skin) were harvested 30 min after the injection and the radioactivity was determined. The results indicate that there were no significant alterations in tissue [125I]ADM distribution at 5 h after CLP compared to shams. At 20 h after CLP, however, there was a significant decrease in radioactivity in the lungs. In contrast, a significant increase of radioactivity was observed in all other organs except the liver and kidneys. The pulmonary distribution of [125I]ADM was found to be far greater than in any other organs tested, irrespective of the effect of sepsis. In separate groups of animals, injection of [125I]ADM into the left ventricle resulted in a significant decrease in radioactivity in the lungs of both sham and septic animals at 20 h after surgery. These results suggest that the lungs are the primary site of ADM clearance, which is significantly diminished during the late stage of sepsis. The decreased clearance of ADM by the lungs may play an important role in maintaining the sustained levels of plasma ADM under such conditions. (+info)Effects of repeated jugular puncture on plasma cortisol concentrations in loose-housed dairy cows. (5/870)
In three experiments, the effects of venipuncture on plasma cortisol concentrations were studied in loose-housed dairy cows. In Exp. 1, two blood samples were collected 18 min apart on three alternate days from 20 dairy cows for studying their adrenocortical response to a single venipuncture. To further evaluate the effect of cows anticipating venipuncture, in Exp. 2, 15 dairy cows were sequentially venipunctured once daily on 12 successive days in a randomized order in groups of five, starting 15 min apart. In Exp. 3, 10 primiparous cows were used on three alternate days to study habituation to serial sampling (i.e., collection of five blood samples by venipuncture, 15 min apart). In cows accustomed to handling, jugular puncture did not affect cortisol concentrations in plasma collected 18 min later. Average daily cortisol concentrations varied between 2.07 +/- .38 and 3.81 +/- .56 ng/mL in the first (t = 0) and between 1.43 +/- .15 and 2.61 +/- .72 ng/mL in the second (t = 18) blood samples. Likewise, when cows were sampled sequentially once a day, the order of sampling between and within groups did not influence (P > .05) plasma cortisol concentrations. In contrast, primiparous dairy cows that were less used to being handled showed an average increase in cortisol concentrations when five samples were collected by venipuncture 15 min apart. During successive sampling sessions, however, the cows did not decrease or increase plasma cortisol concentrations in response to repeated serial sampling at the group level (P > .05). Between individuals, the maximum effect of repeated venipuncture on cortisol concentrations (4.5 to 22.6 ng/mL), the time at which the effect reached its maximum (30 to 60 min), and the consistency of the response pattern over successive series varied largely. The results of this study show that in cows that were accustomed to handling and to being restrained, baseline cortisol concentrations can be measured in single blood samples that are collected by jugular puncture within 1 min after first approaching the cow. When successive blood samples need to be collected within 15 to 20 min, jugular puncture may induce an increase in cortisol concentration, which seems to depend on the handling experience of the animals and on individual differences. (+info)Transjugular liver biopsy in the 1990s: a 2-year audit. (6/870)
BACKGROUND: In view of the changing nature of transjugular liver biopsy, we performed an audit of the safety, adequacy and clinical impact of such biopsies in our centre over a 2-year period from 1995 to 1997. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven transjugular biopsies were carried out in 145 patients, with prothrombin time >5 s over control and/or platelet count <50 x 10(9)/L and/or gross ascites. RESULTS: Major complications were two (1.3%) capsular perforations, which were easily plugged with coils without sequelae. Biopsy sample was adequate for histological diagnosis in 90%, inadequate in 6% and technically unsuccessful in 4% of cases. Mean biopsy size was 14.8+/-7.7 (1-51) mm. Adequacy did not differ between cases with and without cirrhosis. Transjugular biopsy had a clinical impact (specific diagnosis or influence on patient's management) in 50% of acute liver disease, 62% of chronic liver disease and 87% of transplant patients (P<0.001). In chronic liver disease, it had a significantly greater clinical impact in cases trying to establish the stage rather than diagnosis (84% vs. 35%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Transjugular liver biopsy is a safe procedure for high-risk patients providing an adequate liver sample even in cirrhosis. It has a clinical impact in more than 80% of transplant patients and for staging chronic liver disease, but in only 50% (acute) or 35% (chronic) of liver disease when a diagnosis is sought. (+info)Pharmacokinetic advantage of intra-arterial cyclosporin A delivery to vascularly isolated rabbit forelimb. I. Model development. (7/870)
Effective antirejection therapy with minimal systemic morbidity is required if limb transplantation is to become a clinical reality. We investigated whether i.a. infusion of cyclosporin A (CSA) into the vascularly isolated rabbit forelimb will distribute drug homogeneously to the tissues and produce higher local drug levels than same-dose i.v. treatment, thereby improving the therapeutic index. CSA 4.0 mg/kg/day was infused continuously via osmotic minipump into either the right brachial artery (i.a. group) or jugular vein (i.v. group) of New Zealand rabbits. Ligation of all muscles at the right mid-arm level was performed in the i.a. group to eliminate collateral circulation and simulate allografting, while leaving bone and neurovasculature intact. On day 6, CSA concentrations were measured in skin, muscle, bone, and bone marrow samples taken from different compartments of the right and left forearms in the i.a. group and right forearm only in the i.v. group. There were no significant differences between compartmental CSA levels in all tissues examined on the locally treated, right side during i.a. infusion, indicating that drug streaming from the catheter tip is not occurring in our model. During i.a. infusion, mean CSA concentrations were 4- to 7-fold higher in the right limb than in the left limb in all four tissues examined. Tissue CSA levels in the left limb were equivalent to those achieved during i.v. infusion, but CSA concentrations in blood, kidney, and liver were higher during i.a. infusion. These favorable, preliminary, single-dose pharmacokinetic results warrant further investigation in our novel rabbit model. (+info)Intimal thickening and hyperlipidemia in experimental primate vascular autografts. (8/870)
Intimal thickening is a significant cause of late failure of aorto-coronary vein grafts. The microscopic appearance of this thickening has some similarities to the microscopic appearance of arterial atherosclerosis, and it has been suggested that hyperlipidemia may play a role in its pathogenesis. This study examines the morphology and lipid composition of autologous vein and artery grafts in normal and hyperlipidemic rhesus monkeys. Grafts were examined six months after insertion by light and electron microscopy and tissue lipids were determined quantitatively. Intimal thickening occurred in all grafts. Specific morphological and lipid compositional features of the grafts were influenced by the type of tissue used for grafting and the presence or absence of hyperlipidemia. However, the degree of intimal thickening per se could not be related to either of these two factors. It is concluded that surgical transplantation in this model provides the most powerful stimulus for intimal thickening and any additional effect on this process by hyperlipidemia is small. (+info)ThrombosisCatheterThrombusArteriesUltrasoundExternalAnterior juguSuperficial veinsThrombophlebitisDistensionAnatomicalCentral veinPatientsIntravenousPulmonary embolismRight internalInternal carotiCaliberBody'sThrombosisCatheterizationNeckAnatomyCarotid arteryPunctureAnteriorSuperficialThrombusSurgicallyBrachiocephalicBovine jugular veinPulmonaryCardiacTransverseCommon cause of jugularSubclavian veinsUltrasound guidance for internalRight External JuguForamen2018SternocleidomastoidClinicalComplication of internalLeft internal jugularRabbit jugularExternal jugular vPlacementAxillaryCalled the subclavian vein
- Therapeutic anticoagulation (eg, for pulmonary embolism) increases the risk of bleeding with internal jugular cannulation, but this must be balanced against the increased risk of thrombosis (eg, stroke) if anticoagulation is reversed. (merckmanuals.com)
- A clot in the veins deep in the limbs is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). (icdlist.com)
- Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body. (icdlist.com)
- A deep vein thrombosis can break loose and cause a serious problem in the lung, called a pulmonary embolism. (icdlist.com)
- A Duplex ultrasound scan (DUS) showed mural thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein. (minervamedica.it)
- Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein uses real-time (dynamic) ultrasound to guide venipuncture and a guidewire (Seldinger technique) to thread a central venous catheter through the internal jugular vein and into the superior vena cava. (merckmanuals.com)
- An internal jugular central venous catheter (CVC) or a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is usually preferred to a subclavian CVC (which has a higher risk of bleeding and pneumothorax) or a femoral CVC (which has a higher risk of infection). (merckmanuals.com)
- A central venous catheter (CVC) was then positioned in the right internal jugular vein. (minervamedica.it)
- On 1.8% was diagnosed a thrombus of internal jugular vein, that is considered as an ab-solute contraindication for a CVC. (unipa.it)
- It includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. (icdlist.com)
- Large veins have a greater distensibility and compliance within the physiological pressure range compared to arteries. (edu.iq)
- Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering assistant professor Yunjie Tong said: "We can compare the signal from symmetric arteries and veins in both hemispheres or neck to assess the cerebrovascular integrity or the balance of blood flow. (medicaldevice-network.com)
- Ultrasound guidance for placement of internal jugular lines increases the likelihood of successful cannulation and reduces the risk of complications. (merckmanuals.com)
- Patients were evaluated for their right internal jugular vein cross-sectional area and diameter by the use of linear high frequency two-dimensional ultrasound. (edu.iq)
- The anterior jugular vein is a paired tributary of the external jugular vein . (radiopaedia.org)
- It terminates by passing deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain into the external jugular vein. (radiopaedia.org)
- Double external jugular vein and other rare venous variations of the head and neck. (radiopaedia.org)
- It passes superficially over the posterior triangle to drain into the external jugular vein. (radiopaedia.org)
- The study was aimed to establish normal Doppler blood flow parameters of right common carotid artery and right external jugular vein in 20 clinically healthy non-gravid adult buffaloes. (usda.gov)
- These parameters, when compared with those recorded in buffaloes suffering from reticulo-diaphragmatic hernia, revealed a significant decrease in peak systole velocity, end diastole velocity, time average maximum velocity and time averaged mean velocity of external jugular vein while the common carotid artery showed a significant decrease in volume flow only. (usda.gov)
- The Doppler values of external jugular vein and common carotid artery for clinically healthy adult buffaloes would serve as a reference range for future studies. (usda.gov)
- The anterior jugular vein has its origin as the confluence of several small superficial submandibular veins. (radiopaedia.org)
- It descends near the midline, medial to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and in its inferior path, superior to the sternum , is connected to the contralateral anterior jugular vein by the jugular (venous) arch. (radiopaedia.org)
- Forms from the confluence of several superficial veins in the posterosuperior neck and posterior scalp. (radiopaedia.org)
- If the vein swells, the condition is called thrombophlebitis. (icdlist.com)
- How does jugular vein distension work? (reference.com)
- Distension of the jugular veins results in a visible bulging of the neck, and it is usually a sign of serious illness or trauma. (reference.com)
- According to HealthGrades.com, jugular vein distension can be caused by blockage or backflow issues in the heart's right atrium. (reference.com)
- Right-side heart failure is the most common cause of jugular vein distension, according to HowStuffWorks.com. (reference.com)
- If the distension is observable under these conditions, or if the patient's pulse can be seen in the movements of the jugular vein, right-side heart failure is immediately suspected. (reference.com)
- the smaller veins size and possible variable anatomical relations 5 . (edu.iq)
- This study was aimed to determine by the support of ultrasono-graphy (US) the anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in relation with other structures of the neck, such as the common carotid artery (CCA). (unipa.it)
- Material and Methods: 830 patients requiring central vein catheterization (CVC) were in-cluded in the analysis. (unipa.it)
- tilizing the internal jugular veins (IJV) in central venous catheterization has become a mandatory part of clinical management in a variety of clinical circumstances 1 and it is an integral part in the management of critically ill patients 2 . (edu.iq)
- What vein are intravenous injections most often given to? (reference.com)
- Due to its accessibility, the most common vein used as the injection site for the intravenous administration of liquid-based substances is the median cubit. (reference.com)
- If a blood clot in a deep vein breaks off and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs and blocks blood flow, it is called a pulmonary embolism. (icdlist.com)
- For transvenous cardiac pacing or pulmonary arterial monitoring, a right internal jugular or a left subclavian cannulation typically is preferred. (merckmanuals.com)
- Need help in choosing the right internal jugular vein catheterization hospital? (credihealth.com)
- The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of passive legs elevation and hepatic compression on the diameter and the cross-sectional area of the right internal jugular vein. (edu.iq)
- In conclusion, Hepatic compression is significantly superior to the passive legs elevation in achieving more right internal jugular vein diameter and cross-sectional area. (edu.iq)
- Cerebral circulation time is the delay that occurs during the travel of intrinsic signals from the internal carotid artery to the internal jugular vein. (medicaldevice-network.com)
- There are different maneuvers to increase internal jugular vein caliber. (edu.iq)
- On 3.97% we observed a small caliber of internal jugular vein that could complicate the catheterization of the vein. (unipa.it)
- In this condition, the right side of the heart develops difficulty receiving and passing along deoxygenated blood from the body's veins, and pressure begins to build up in what is normally the low-pressure part of the circulatory system. (reference.com)
- June 7, 2012 (Lisbon, Portugal) - Internal jugular vein (IJV) abnormalities are a newly identified risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), a new study shows. (medscape.com)
- Nineteen (61.3%) patients had annulus stenoses, 9 (29.0%) had hypoplastic IJVs, 2 (6.5%) had a thrombosis in the IJV, and 1 (3.2%) had an anomalous valve within the vein. (medscape.com)
- Cite this: Jugular Vein Abnormalities Linked to Venous Sinus Thrombosis - Medscape - Jun 07, 2012. (medscape.com)
- Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is a rare complication in tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy. (hindawi.com)
- The association between tuberculosis and deep vein thrombosis is rare. (hindawi.com)
- The symptoms and signs of internal jugular (IJ) vein thrombosis are often very subtle, making it easy to overlook the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
- Internal jugular, subclavian, and axillary deep venous thrombosis and the risk of pulmonary embolism. (medscape.com)
- Tovi F, Fliss DM, Gatot A, Hertzanu Y. Septic jugular thrombosis with abscess formation. (medscape.com)
- Fuhrman T, Balatbat J, Frakes J, Metz R. Internal jugular thrombosis causing increased intracranial pressure and upper airway edema. (medscape.com)
- Guidance for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. (medscape.com)
- Sheikh MA, Topoulos AP, Deitcher SR. Isolated internal jugular vein thrombosis: risk factors and natural history. (medscape.com)
- Uncomplicated cases of internal jugular (IJ) vein thrombosis seldom require surgical intervention. (medscape.com)
- Rare indications for a superior vena cava (SVC) filter are similar to those of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremity when upper-extremity DVT is associated with an IJ vein thrombosis. (medscape.com)
- Once a diagnosis of IJ vein thrombosis is made, consideration should be given to initiating anticoagulant therapy. (medscape.com)
- Clearly, many patients do well without serious effects, as evidenced by the frequency with which IJ vein thrombosis is underdiagnosed. (medscape.com)
- A later retrospective study demonstrated PE rates of 0.5% and 2.4% for isolated IJ vein thrombosis and combined subclavian/axillary vein and IJ vein thrombosis, respectively. (medscape.com)
- Although surgical intervention is rarely necessary for uncomplicated cases, IJ vein thrombosis associated with a deep neck infection calls for drainage of any fluid collections and debridement of all infected tissue. (medscape.com)
- Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is a rare vascular event. (medworm.com)
- Introduction Oral anticoagulant therapy is widely used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, or for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (Raj et al. (medworm.com)
- Here we present two cases of jugular vein thrombosis in burn patients, with diagnosis, risk factor analysis, and treatment approaches. (dovepress.com)
- Severely burned patients have high risk of deep vein thrombosis occurrence due to multiple surgeries. (dovepress.com)
- Once deep vein thrombosis is detected, a wide ultrasonography helps to find other thrombosis sites. (dovepress.com)
- A technique using a single needlestick to place a tunneled central venous catheter in the jugular vein is being advocated for these fragile patients to preserve upper extremity veins, to avoid femoral vein placement, and to potentially reduce the risk of venous thrombosis. (appliedradiology.com)
- By theoretically reducing the risks of catheter infection by avoiding the diaper area and thrombosis by using larger veins," the authors write, "it may be preferable in certain patient populations," such for whom placement of femoral central lines or PICCs is not preferable. (appliedradiology.com)
- The authors also recommend that additional studies be conducted to evaluate if tunneled jugular venous access reduces the rate of venous thrombosis, chronic venous occlusion, and central line infection. (appliedradiology.com)
- rupture, and blockage by blood clots ( thrombosis thrombosis , obstruction of an artery or vein by a blood clot (thrombus). (thefreedictionary.com)
- There was right internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis extending to involve right distal sigmoid sinus and right cavernous sinus. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Thrombosis from IJV may extend inferiorly upto subclavian vein and superiorly upto cavernous, sigmoid or transverse sinuses. (pediatriconcall.com)
- While the examination, lab work, and radiography were non-diagnostic, a bedside ultrasound revealed large internal jugular vein thrombosis as the cause of the patient's symptoms. (springermedizin.de)
- Prompt diagnosis of internal jugular vein thrombosis is critical. (springermedizin.de)
- This case illustrates the value of bedside ultrasound in the early diagnosis of internal jugular vein thrombosis in a patient with an initially non-diagnostic workup. (springermedizin.de)
- Leibman Y, Ayalon M, Steiner IP (2009) Internal jugular venous thrombosis after in vitro fertilization. (springermedizin.de)
- De Casso C, Ghosh S, Timms M, Morar P (2005) Superior mediastinal and internal jugular venous thrombosis presenting to the otolaryngologist. (springermedizin.de)
- Baarslag HJ, Koopman MM, Reekers JA, van Beek EJ (2004) Diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity: a review. (springermedizin.de)
- Therapeutic anticoagulation (eg, for pulmonary embolism) increases the risk of bleeding with internal jugular cannulation, but this must be balanced against the increased risk of thrombosis (eg, stroke) if anticoagulation is reversed. (merckmanuals.com)
- Results of the ultrasound performed about two months into the mission revealed a suspected obstructive left internal jugular venous thrombosis (blood clot) in one astronaut. (scitechdaily.com)
- Internal jugular venous thrombosis has most often been associated with cancer, a central venous catheter, or ovarian hyperstimulation. (scitechdaily.com)
- OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) with associated elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a rare complication of central venous catheterization but has not been reported as a result of blunt trauma. (thisisms.com)
- CONCLUSION: We conclude that traumatic jugular vein thrombosis can be associated with significant elevation in ICP and that treatment with an endovascular stent can affect the rapid correction of intracranial hypertension in patients who are candidates for anticoagulation. (thisisms.com)
- Internal jugular vein thrombosis is also a rare disease and as with DST, traumatic aetiologies are uncommon. (elsevier.com)
- A case of thrombosis of the transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein associated with a closed head injury as the result of a motorcycle accident is presented. (elsevier.com)
- We present a case of a woman with a history of prior internal jugular vein catheterization who presented at a rural primary health care unit with a nontender progressively enlarging swelling in the right supraclavicular region. (hindawi.com)
- The knowledge of both normal and abnormal anatomy of the superficial veins of the neck may be important for clinicians performing catheterization and surgeons operating in the region of the neck. (scielo.cl)
- We hypothesize that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation will increase ACTH production from corticotroph adenomas so that the diagnostic information from jugular venous sampling would be equivalent to that obtained by catheterization of the petrosal sinuses. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Effect of the bevel direction of puncture needle on success rate and complications during internal jugular vein catheterization. (nih.gov)
- Artery puncture and hematoma formation are the most common immediate complications during internal jugular vein catheterization. (nih.gov)
- This study was performed to assess whether the bevel-down approach of the puncture needle decreases the incidence of posterior venous wall damage and hematoma formation during internal jugular vein catheterization. (nih.gov)
- Three hundred thirty-eight patients for scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring central venous catheterization in the right internal jugular vein. (nih.gov)
- Patients requiring internal jugular vein catheterization were enrolled and randomized to either the bevel-down group (n = 169) or the bevel-up group (n = 169). (nih.gov)
- The internal jugular vein was assessed cross-sectionally and longitudinally after catheterization to identify any complications. (nih.gov)
- The bevel-down approach of the right internal jugular vein may decrease the incidence of posterior venous wall damage and hematoma formation compared with the bevel-up approach, which implicates a reduced probability of carotid artery puncture with the bevel-down approach during internal jugular vein catheterization. (nih.gov)
- To evaluate the effect of a 2-stage approach to the internal jugular vein when performing a central venous catheterization compared to the traditional one stage approach on the incidence of hematoma formation and success rate. (bioportfolio.com)
- Ultrasound (US)-guided central venous catheterization is now considered standard of care according to recent clinical evidence, at least considering jugular vein approach. (bioportfolio.com)
- Comparison of ultrasound-guided and landmark-based techniques for central venous catheterization via the external jugular vein in healthy anesthetized dogs. (bioportfolio.com)
- Echogenic Technology Improves Cannula Visibility during Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization via a Transverse Approach. (biomedsearch.com)
- See also Vascular Access , Central Venous Catheterization , and How To Do Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation . (merckmanuals.com)
- These two reported fatal arterial complications during ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein add to other publications of complications after central vein catheterization. (springermedizin.at)
- The internal jugular veins are used as a site for central vein catheterization. (verywellhealth.com)
- Three-step method for ultrasound-guided central vein catheterization. (semanticscholar.org)
- Right Internal Jugular Vein (RIJV) catheterization may be collapsed by the advancement of the needle and the pressure from ultrasonic probe, and the sutures are needed to fix the catheters after RIJV catheterization. (alliedacademies.org)
- Central venous catheterization is an important means of clinical infusion and monitoring, in which the Right Internal Jugular Vein (RIJV) catheterization is mainly employed [ 1 , 2 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
- STM not only maintains the vein size but also prevents the vein from collapsing during catheterization. (alliedacademies.org)
- Due to trauma from a fall to the right side and previously failed catheterization attempts at the left subclavian and femoral veins, the left internal jugular vein was accessed. (cureus.com)
- Recent studies reported that real-time ultrasound guidance for internal jugular vein catheterization is useful in infants. (biomedcentral.com)
- Knowledge of variations of veins of head and neck in relation to external jugular, anterior jugular, internal jugular, and facial veins is important to surgeons doing head and neck surgery as well as to radiologists doing catheterization and to clinicians in general. (elsevier.com)
- Jugular vein ectasia is a venous anomaly that commonly presents itself as a unilateral neck swelling in children and adults. (wikipedia.org)
- It is rare to have bilateral neck swelling due to internal jugular vein ectasia. (wikipedia.org)
- Either of the two large veins on either side of the neck in mammals that drain blood from the head and return it to the heart. (dictionary.com)
- main venous structure of the neck, formed as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater, contained within the carotid sheath as it descends the neck uniting, behind the sternoclavicular joint, with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. (drugs.com)
- Distension of the jugular veins results in a visible bulging of the neck, and it is usually a sign of serious illness or trauma. (reference.com)
- The external jugular vein occasionally can be as large as double the size of other veins in the neck. (healthline.com)
- Among neck veins, aneurysms of the external jugular vein are extremely uncommon. (hindawi.com)
- 2. of or designating any of several veins of the neck that convey blood from the head to the heart. (thefreedictionary.com)
- I have noticed my daughter who is 5 when she cries she has a vein pop out a little in her neck. (medhelp.org)
- My 2 1/2 yr old son also has a bulge in his neck when he laughs or crys and it was discovered today to be his jugular vien from an ultra sound. (medhelp.org)
- Any of several large veins of the neck that drain blood from the head. (yourdictionary.com)
- Either of two large veins in the neck carrying blood back from the head to the heart. (yourdictionary.com)
- anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood. (yourdictionary.com)
- each side of the neck has two jugular veins, external and internal. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The external jugular carries blood from the face, neck, and scalp and has two branches, posterior and anterior. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The internal jugular vein receives blood from the brain, the deeper tissues of the neck and the interior of the skull. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The six main veins-the right and left internal and external jugulars and the front anterior jugulars-that run down the front and side of the neck, carrying blood back to the heart from the head. (thefreedictionary.com)
- the groove on each side of the neck in which the jugular vein can be located. (thefreedictionary.com)
- the depression at the base of the neck where the jugular vein passes medial to the first rib. (thefreedictionary.com)
- It lies superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle as it passes down the neck to join the subclavian vein. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The internal jugular vein receives blood from the brain and superficial parts of the face and neck. (thefreedictionary.com)
- It is directly continuous with the transverse sinus, accompanying the internal carotid artery as it passes down the neck, and joins with the subclavian vein to form the innominate vein. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Researchers from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China have developed a portable probe that uses near-infrared light to measure blood oxygen saturation in the tissue surrounding the central internal jugular vein in the neck allowing doctors to continuously monitor a patient's recovery from shock without the hassle of continuously drawing and analyzing blood, university officials said on Wednesday. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins. (harvard.edu)
- We have present here a case of a 82- year- old male with chronic kidney disease who presented with left neck swelling and pain who was found to have a thrombus in the left internal internal jugular vein. (medworm.com)
- This vein collects blood from the superficial parts of the face, neck, and the brain. (proprofs.com)
- Usually, two of these veins can be found on each side of the neck. (proprofs.com)
- Double external jugular vein and other rare venous variations of the head and neck. (radiopaedia.org)
- The venules feed into larger veins, which eventually merge into the superior and inferior vena cavae, large vessels that consolidate the blood flow from the head, neck, and arms and from the trunk and legs, respectively (see also circulatory system circulatory system, group of organs that transport blood and the substances it carries to and from all parts of the body. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Forms from the confluence of several superficial veins in the posterosuperior neck and posterior scalp. (radiopaedia.org)
- Bilateral radical neck dissection with internal jugular vein extirpation, be it simultaneous or staged, results in severe cephalic venous hypertension. (ebscohost.com)
- Internal jugular vein replacement using autogenous saphenous vein that is fashioned into a spiral conduit has been used in three patients undergoing bilateral or second side radical neck dissection. (ebscohost.com)
- Internal jugular vein being the major landmark during neck surgery, variations in the internal jugular vein are associated with injury to the vessels, failure to remove all cancerous tissues and incorrect diagnosis of neck pathology. (ebscohost.com)
- The external jugular vein is increasingly being used as the recipient vein in head and neck tissue transfers, and for cannulation to conduct diagnostic procedures or intravenous therapies. (biomedsearch.com)
- We report on a bilateral external jugular vein anomaly found during the neck dissection of an approximately 75-year-old female cadaver, a case which has hitherto not been reported. (biomedsearch.com)
- If the vein is initially collapsed, light finger pressure at the base of the neck will distend it. (sportsterandme.com)
- A paired vein in the neck of mammals that returns blood from the head to the heart. (oup.com)
- It joins the subclavian vein at the base of the neck. (oup.com)
- The investigating officer Det Sgt Kerry Bradfield, from Aylesbury CID, said: "The victim who was attacked in the cell sustained serious wounds including two neck wounds, one of which cut his jugular vein. (buckinghamtoday.co.uk)
- The jugular veins are found in the neck. (verywellhealth.com)
- Each of the internal jugular veins runs on either side of the neck under the sternocleidomastoid muscle. (verywellhealth.com)
- The external jugular veins originate at the level of the angle of the mandible and continue to the base of the neck where they empty into the subclavian veins proximal (upstream) to the internal jugular veins. (verywellhealth.com)
- Due to superficial abrasions from the fall to the right side of his neck, the left internal jugular vein was cannulated. (cureus.com)
- The Internal Jugular (IJ) vein is located on both sides of the neck. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- The internal jugular is the largest of all the veins in the neck. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- As the internal jugular vein travels down the neck, it will connect to the large vein that is located just beneath the clavicle or collar bone . (wisegeekhealth.com)
- The size of neck veins can be used to help diagnose specific health problems. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- This blockage will keep the veins of the head, neck, and upper body from draining effectively. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- The external jugular vein, located in the anterior neck, receives blood from the deeper parts of the face as well as the scalp - the external jugular vein forms from the combination of the posterior auricular and retromandibular vein. (statpearls.com)
- The external jugular vein starts in the parotid at the level of the angle of the mandible and runs vertically down the neck along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. (statpearls.com)
- At its distal end, the external jugular vein perforates the deep neck fascia and terminates in the subclavian vein. (statpearls.com)
- Throughout its course in the neck, the vein is superficial and covered by the platysma muscle. (statpearls.com)
- The size of the external jugular vein does vary with body habitus and size of the neck. (statpearls.com)
- The vein often has a tortuous course as it descends into the neck. (statpearls.com)
- Awareness of its location is essential during head and neck surgery, and the vein can be cannulated to provide fluids and medications during resuscitation. (statpearls.com)
- Before the eighth week of gestation, the left and right cardinal veins develop in the neck. (statpearls.com)
- The jugular veins are located on both sides of the neck and are responsible for moving deoxygenated blood from the head down to the heart. (livestrong.com)
- The jugular venous pressure is usually assessed by observing the right side of the patient's neck. (nih.gov)
- In the current case, multiple variations in the veins of the left side of neck are reported. (elsevier.com)
- Internal Jugular Vein Describe the anatomy relevant to central venous access including femoral, internal jugular, external jugular, subclavian and peripheral veins The internal jugular vein: Originates at the jugular bulbThis is a dilatation. (sportsterandme.com)
- Nayak, BS 2006, ' Surgically important variations of the jugular veins ', Clinical Anatomy , vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 544-546. (elsevier.com)
- The internal jugular runs with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve inside the carotid sheath. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr. Jia studied 51 consecutive patients with CVST and 30 healthy control participants using color Doppler flow imaging to evaluate the diameter and maximum flow velocity (Vmax) at 3 points along the IJV - at its influx into the innominate vein (J1), at the point of the superior thyroid vein influx into the IJV (J2), and at the bifurcation level of the common carotid artery (J3). (medscape.com)
- Jugular vein and carotid artery cannulations are among the most widely used surgeries in research labs around the world. (waterstones.com)
- Video of internal jugular vein and carotid artery in transverse orientation. (springermedizin.de)
- Puncture of the posterior venous wall during ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation seems to be common, making underlying artery at risk of injury. (springermedizin.at)
- Ultrasound-guided vascular access in adults and children: beyond the internal jugular vein puncture. (semanticscholar.org)
- Based on our clinical experience and a review of the current literature, this paper describes a large variety of ultrasound-guided vascular puncture techniques used in adults and children far beyond the well described puncture of the internal jugular vein. (semanticscholar.org)
- In Japan, TIVADs are generally placed in position by the percutaneous subclavian vein puncture approach (SVPA). (scirp.org)
- Using the internal jugular vein puncture approach (IJVPA), TIVADs could be placed more easily and safely. (scirp.org)
- There is also another minor jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, draining the submaxillary region. (wikipedia.org)
- Any of the three jugular veins: anterior, external, and internal. (dictionary.com)
- A third, smaller jugular, known as the anterior jugular, comes from the front to join the external jugular before it connects to the internal jugular. (healthline.com)
- The external and anterior jugulars are much smaller. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The anterior jugular vein is a paired tributary of the external jugular vein . (radiopaedia.org)
- The anterior jugular vein has its origin as the confluence of several small superficial submandibular veins. (radiopaedia.org)
- It descends near the midline, medial to the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and in its inferior path, superior to the sternum , is connected to the contralateral anterior jugular vein by the jugular (venous) arch. (radiopaedia.org)
- There is also a pair of anterior jugular veins. (verywellhealth.com)
- The anterior jugular veins are located near the midline on either side of the throat. (verywellhealth.com)
- It also receives blood from the transverse cervical vein, the suprascapular vein, the superficial cervical vein, and the anterior jugular vein in some instances. (statpearls.com)
- The retromandibular vein anterior division joins with the facial vein to form the common facial vein. (statpearls.com)
- The anterior jugular vein is a related vein which is formed from submandibular veins and can drain into the external jugular vein or the subclavian vein. (statpearls.com)
- Around this same period of gestation, the external jugular veins form from the anterior veins of the mandibular region. (statpearls.com)
- It then descends in front of the anterior scalene muscle before penetrating the investing deep cervical fascia before entering the subclavian vein. (statpearls.com)
- The anterior division of retromandibular vein was absent. (elsevier.com)
- The facial vein continued as anterior jugular vein. (elsevier.com)
- There was a large communicating vein between the anterior jugular vein and anterior division of internal jugular vein. (elsevier.com)
- There are four main types of veins: pulmonary and systemic, and superficial and deep. (reference.com)
- Veins are subject to inflammation, dilatation or enlargement (as in a varicose vein varicose vein, superficial vessel that is abnormally lengthened, twisted, or dilated, seen most often on the legs and thighs. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The external jugular veins are much smaller in diameter and found much more superficial as compared to the internal jugular veins. (verywellhealth.com)
- The function of the external jugular vein is to drain blood from the superficial structures of the cranium and the deep portions of the face. (statpearls.com)
- While there is no specific association of lymph nodes with the external jugular vein, the posterior lateral superficial cervical nodes lie close to the external jugular vein. (statpearls.com)
- The external jugular vein courses superficial to and obliquely across the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the superficial fascia. (statpearls.com)
- In all other cases of infected IJ vein thrombus, prolonged antibiotic therapy specifically directed against anaerobic organisms should be promptly instituted as soon as blood cultures are obtained. (medscape.com)
- Grayscale image demonstrates a large thrombus within the internal jugular vein. (visualdx.com)
- Previously in the text we had commented that 16 of 20 patients (80%) with surgically proven Cushing disease had positive findings on jugular vein sampling. (annals.org)
- Herein, we report a rare case of venous malformation originating from the external Jugular vein and surgically excised with no recurrence. (alliedacademies.org)
- Narrowing or ligating jugular veins is performed surgically without any apparent issue. (thisisms.com)
- Sterile eye lubricant is placed in both eyes, and the clipped skin area over the jugular vein is surgically prepared. (hilltoplabs.com)
- The internal jugular veins join with the subclavian veins more medially to form the brachiocephalic veins. (wikipedia.org)
- At the eighth week of gestation, these cardinal veins form a large anastomosis, which will eventually form into the left brachiocephalic venous trunk. (statpearls.com)
- High incidence of late infective endocarditis in bovine jugular vein valved conduits. (harvard.edu)
- Except for the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Bovine jugular valved conduit performs better in a dilated than in an obstructed pulmonary arterial tree. (ebscohost.com)
- For transvenous cardiac pacing or pulmonary arterial monitoring, a right internal jugular or a left subclavian cannulation typically is preferred. (merckmanuals.com)
- All veins except those returning blood from the pulmonary system carry deoxygenated blood. (verywellhealth.com)
- In this chapter emphasis is placed on measurement of the jugular venous pressure, use of the venous pulse to determine cardiac rhythm, and the more common cardiac problems of pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation, and constrictive pericarditis. (nih.gov)
- The jugular veins are more prominent during expiration than during inspiration and are also prominent during cardiac decompensation. (thefreedictionary.com)
- When the patient is sitting or in a semirecumbent position, the height of the jugular veins and their pulsations can provide an accurate estimation of central venous pressure and give important information about cardiac compensation. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Jugular vein distention, which is quite massive, in a woman with cardiac tamponade Jugular vein distention occurs when the pressure inside the vena. (sportsterandme.com)
- Information that can be derived from an assessment of the jugular venous pulse includes determination of the mean venous pressure, venous pulse contour, and presence and type of cardiac dysrhythmias. (nih.gov)
- The transverse facial vein is located below the facial crest (dotted line). (ivis.org)
- Alternate veins for collecting blood include the transverse facial vein (A), cephalic vein (B), and the lateral thoracic vein (C). (ivis.org)
- This mechanism requires a patent venous pathway from the affected IJV through the transverse sinus, confluens, straight sinus (SS), vein of Galen into the basal vein of Rosenthal and the internal cerebral veins. (bmj.com)
- 8, 9, 10 However, a mesiotemporal venous congestion implies a sufficiently patent venous pathway from the affected IJV through the sigmoid sinus, transverse sinus, confluens, the unpaired straight sinus (SS), and vein of Galen into the paired basal vein of Rosenthal and internal cerebral veins, which drain the mesiotemporal brain regions (fig 1). (bmj.com)
- PURPOSE To report the anatomic and radiologic development of the transverse, sigmoid, and occipital sinuses, the emissary veins, and the jugular bulb formation from the jugular sinus in humans before and after birth. (ajnr.org)
- Special attention was focused on the inner diameters of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and of the internal jugular veins, particularly at the sigmoid sinus-internal jugular vein junction. (ajnr.org)
- RESULTS Marked increase in venous flow from the rapidly growing cerebral hemispheres leads to ballooning of the transverse sinuses in the absence of an increase in the inner diameters of the sigmoid and jugular sinuses. (ajnr.org)
- Right-side heart failure is the most common cause of jugular vein distension, according to HowStuffWorks.com. (reference.com)
- The left and right external jugular veins drain into the subclavian veins. (wikipedia.org)
- Background: National guidelines advocating ultrasound guidance for internal jugular venous cannulation were introduced in the United Kingdom in 2002, followed by international guidelines a decade later. (ivteam.com)
- The right external jugular vein has a somewhat direct line with the internal jugular veins, making it often easier to assess the pulse contour and the blood pressure in the thoracic vena cava (known as venous pressure). (innerbody.com)
- The ballooning also results in formation of the occipital sinus, marginal sinus around the foramen magnum, and emissary veins. (ajnr.org)
- They exit the cranium through the jugular foramen (foramen is a fancy medical term for a hole). (verywellhealth.com)
- Ultrasound-guided Placement of Single-lumen Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in the Internal Jugular Vein September 6, 2018 Articles, Current Issue: Volume 19 Issue 5, Original Research, Technology in Emergency Medicine. (sportsterandme.com)
- In this study, we aimed to compare area measurements using ultrasonography and efficiency of varying Trendelenburg degrees on the area measurements, for two different entry points used as internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation points in newborns" Karaaslan et al (2018). (ivteam.com)
- Paik P, Arukala S K, Sule A A (January 09, 2018) Right Site, Wrong Route ― Cannulating the Left Internal Jugular Vein. (cureus.com)
- The external jugular vein runs superficially to sternocleidomastoid. (wikipedia.org)
- The external jugular vein, which traverses the sternocleidomastoid muscle superficially, is known to exhibit variations in its formation and course. (scielo.cl)
- It terminates by passing deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain into the external jugular vein. (radiopaedia.org)
- Thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (Lemierre syndrome): clinical and CT findings. (medscape.com)
- In multivariable models, among clinical, echocardiographic or biochemical variables, only increasing NT-proBNP and ultrasound assessment of internal jugular vein were independently associated with prognosis. (bmj.com)
- The jugular veins can have significant variation but rarely do those variants have clinical significance. (verywellhealth.com)
- The internal and external jugular veins both have clinical significance. (verywellhealth.com)
- Many clinical examples, from tricuspid regurgitation to heart failure, from right heart failure to both hypo- and hypervolemia illustrate that any time pressure and volume change within the intrathoracic systemic venous compartment a change also occurs in extrathoracic veins, such as in the intra-abdominal IVC or extra-thoracic internal jugular vein (IJV) [ 7 ]-[ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- There are many structural variants of the external jugular vein, mostly without clinical significance. (statpearls.com)
- Parsons AJ, Alfa J. Carotid dissection: a complication of internal jugular vein cannulation with the use of ultrasound. (springermedizin.at)
- The right internal jugular vein is about 63 millimeters (mm) long while the left internal jugular vein averages about 53 mm long. (verywellhealth.com)
- Although the right internal jugular vein is preferred, on occasion, the left internal jugular may have to be accessed. (cureus.com)
- The right internal jugular vein was used in 90% of the patients enrolled, while in the remaining 10% the left internal jugular vein was used. (biomedcentral.com)
- To investigate this hypothesis, isolated segments of the rabbit jugular vein were perfused at physiological (0 to 5 mm Hg) and nonphysiological (20 mm Hg) levels of intraluminal pressure. (ahajournals.org)
- The superior portion of the external jugular vein runs parallel with the great auricular nerve. (statpearls.com)
- This is achieved via percutaneous needle placement into the mouse jugular vein under real‐time B‐mode ultrasound (US) imaging. (currentprotocols.com)
- Unique, and potentially significant, advantages of this technique over others include: (1) direct visual confirmation of needle tip placement in the lumen of the vein, (2) immediate visual detection of extravascular extravasation of injectate, when compared to blinded techniques, such as tail vein injections, and (3) reduced morbidity and mortality compared to surgical vascular access techniques (i.e., jugular vein cannulation). (currentprotocols.com)
- Ultrasound guidance for placement of internal jugular lines increases the likelihood of successful cannulation and reduces the risk of complications. (merckmanuals.com)
- Because the internal jugular vein is such a large vein, it is often used for intravenous line placement. (wisegeekhealth.com)
- This clavicle vein is called the subclavian vein. (wisegeekhealth.com)