Jc virus. Medical search

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.

An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances.

Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).

Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.

A genus of potentially oncogenic viruses of the family POLYOMAVIRIDAE. These viruses are normally present in their natural hosts as latent infections. The virus is oncogenic in hosts different from the species of origin.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses, infecting mainly MAMMALS, and containing a single genus: POLYOMAVIRUS.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Transcription factors that were originally identified as site-specific DNA-binding proteins essential for DNA REPLICATION by ADENOVIRUSES. They play important roles in MAMMARY GLAND function and development.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.

A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2. The H3N2 subtype was responsible for the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

Y-box-binding protein 1 was originally identified as a DNA-binding protein that interacts with Y-box PROMOTER REGIONS of MHC CLASS II GENES. It is a highly conserved transcription factor that regulates expression of a wide variety of GENES.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.

A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Viruses that produce tumors.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.

Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.

Immunohistochemical detection of JC virus in nontumorous renal tissue of a patient with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1/512)

We performed immunohistochemical staining on the nontumorous renal tissue of 45 patients with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal encephalopathy using JCV-specific antibody. For one patient we found positive staining of the nuclei of the renal collecting ducts. Immunoelectron microscopic examination of the positive cell nuclei revealed electron-dense polyomavirus-like particles. (+info)

The J domain of papovaviral large tumor antigen is required for synergistic interaction with the POU-domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. (2/512)

Large T antigens from polyomaviruses are multifunctional proteins with roles in transcriptional regulation, viral DNA replication, and cellular transformation. They have been shown to enhance the activity of various cellular transcription factors. In the case of the POU protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP, this enhancement involves a direct physical interaction between the POU domain of the transcription factor and the amino-terminal region of large T antigen. Here we have analyzed the structural requirements for synergistic interaction between the two proteins in greater detail. Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and the related POU protein Brn-1 were both capable of direct physical interaction with large T antigen. Nevertheless, only Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP functioned synergistically with large T antigen. This differential behavior was due to differences in the amino-terminal regions of the proteins, as evident from chimeras between Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and Brn-1. Synergy was specifically observed for constructs containing the amino-terminal region of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. Large T antigen, on the other hand, functioned synergistically with Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP only when the integrity of its J-domain-containing amino terminus was maintained. Mutations that disrupted the J domain concomitantly abolished the ability to enhance the function of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. The J domain of T antigen was also responsible for the physical interaction with Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and could be replaced in this property by other J domains. Intriguingly, a heterologous J domain from a human DnaJ protein partially substituted for the amino terminus of T antigen even with regard to the synergistic enhancement of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP function. Given the general role of J domains, we propose chaperone activity as the underlying mechanism for synergy between Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and large T antigens. (+info)

Reciprocal interaction between two cellular proteins, Puralpha and YB-1, modulates transcriptional activity of JCVCY in glial cells. (3/512)

Cross communication between regulatory proteins is an important event in the control of eukaryotic gene transcription. Here we have examined the structural and functional interaction between two cellular regulatory proteins, YB-1 and Puralpha, on the 23-bp sequence element derived from the enhancer-promoter of the human polyomavirus JCV. YB-1 and Puralpha are single-stranded DNA binding proteins which recognize C/T- and GC/GA-rich sequences, respectively. Results from band shift studies demonstrated that while both proteins interact directly with their DNA target sequences within the 23-bp motif, each protein can regulate the association of the other one with the DNA. Affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation provide evidence for a direct interaction between Puralpha and YB-1 in the absence of the DNA sequence. Ectopic expression of YB-1 and Puralpha in glial cells synergistically stimulated viral promoter activity via the 23-bp sequence element. Results from mutational studies revealed that residues between amino acids 75 and 203 of YB-1 and between amino acids 85 and 215 of Puralpha are important for the interaction between these two proteins. Functional studies with glial cells indicated that the region within Puralpha which mediates its association with YB-1 and binding to the 23-bp sequence is important for the observed activation of the JCV promoter by the Puralpha and YB-1 proteins. The results of this study suggest that the cooperative interaction between YB-1 and Puralpha mediates the synergistic activation of the human polyomavirus JCV genome by these cellular proteins. The importance of these findings for cellular and viral genes which are regulated by Puralpha and YB-1 is discussed. (+info)

Clinical and virological monitoring during treatment with intrathecal cytarabine in patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (4/512)

We describe the clinical and virological outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) treated with cytarabine. Twenty-seven patients received intrathecal cytarabine, 5 received concomitant intravenous cytarabine, and 20 received concomitant antiretroviral therapy. The median baseline CD4+ cell count was 28/mm3. After 4 weeks, 4 (19%) of 21 evaluable patients had stable disease, whereas the others progressed. The median survival from diagnosis and from onset was 66 and 128 days, respectively. Patients with Karnofsky scores of >50 and those previously taking antiretroviral medications had a higher probability of survival 3 months after diagnosis (P = .003 and P = .05, respectively). Overall, after 4 weeks, median JC virus load in CSF increased by 0.7 log10 copies/mL from baseline (P = NS). The mean JC virus load at 4 weeks was lower in patients with stable disease than in progressors (3.47 vs. 4.47 log10 copies/mL; P = .027). JC virus became undetectable in the only patient who had a long-term stable condition. The concentration of JC virus in CSF showed a correlation with clinical outcome. (+info)

Molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein VP1 of the human polyomavirus JC virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies. (5/512)

The major structural viral protein, VP1, of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV), the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), was expressed by using recombinant baculoviruses. Recombinant VP1 formed virus-like particles (VLP) with the typical morphology of empty JCV capsids. Purified VP1 VLP bind to SVG, B, and T cells, as well as to monkey kidney cells. After binding, VP1 VLP were also internalized with high efficiency and transported to the nucleus. Immunization studies revealed these particles as highly immunogenic when administered with adjuvant, while immunization without adjuvant induced no immune response. VP1 VLP hyperimmune serum inhibits binding to SVG cells and neutralizes natural JCV. Furthermore, the potential of VP1 VLP as an efficient transporter system for gene therapy was demonstrated. Exogenous DNA could be efficiently packaged into VP1 VLP, and the packaged DNA was transferred into COS-7 cells as shown by the expression of a marker gene. Thus, VP1 VLP are useful for PML vaccine development and represent a potential new transporter system for human gene therapy. (+info)

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS. (6/512)

The human polyomavirus JCV lytically infects oligodendrocytes of immunosuppressed individuals leading to the fatal demyelinating disease termed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Dementia, hemiparesis, and hemianopsia are the predominant presenting signs of PML. Asymptomatic JCV infection is common worldwide with approximately 80% of adults testing positive for JCV antibodies. In addition to the brain, JCV has been shown to infect tonsil, lymphoid, bone marrow, and kidney tissues. Viral variants, classified according to the nucleotide sequences of their regulatory regions, are being mapped in human tissues and cell types to help trace the pathway of JCV from a site of initial infection to target oligodendrocytes. In most literature, a dichotomy of the JCV regulatory region structure exists by tissue. B lymphocytes, however, have demonstrated the capacity to harbor JCV of diverse regulatory regions, which helps position their interaction with virus amid every stage of infection and implicates a lymphocytic role in latency. (+info)

Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid. (7/512)

Two forms of human polyomavirus JC (JCV) genome are known based upon the structure of the transcriptional control region (TCR) of the virus: the archetypal form, which is commonly detected in urine, and the rearranged form, which was first detected in brain tissue from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) patients. The latter actually includes a group of TCR variants that, relative to the former, are characterized by various deletions and/or duplications. The aim of this study was to establish whether or not a correlation exists among the TCR type, the spreading of the virus within the host and its ability to cause PML. JCV TCR sequences from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from various groups of patients were compared. JCV with archetypal TCR was detected in CSF and PBL specimens from patients without neurological disorders or who eventually received a diagnosis of a non-PML neurological disorder. Rearranged TCR sequences were detected in all the CSF and PBL specimens from PML patients. The high similarity observed between the TCR structure detected in PBL and CSF specimens from individual patients could strengthen the hypothesis that PBL has a role in spreading JCV to the brain. Moreover, heterogeneous TCR patterns have been shown in individual PBL specimens from PML patients. This supports the hypothesis that, in PBL, JCV may replicate and undergo rearrangements of the TCR. The detection of JCV DNA by PCR in CSF independently from PML, although rare, could suggest that this assay is not sufficient for a virological diagnosis of PML. Further studies are required to assess the usefulness of quantitative assays or TCR typing in combination with PCR for diagnostic purposes. (+info)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifesting Gerstmann's syndrome. (8/512)

We reported a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) via multiple blood transfusions, who manifested progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) about 18 months after the development of AIDS. PML initiated with right hemiparesis, dysphasia, and Gerstmann's syndrome and resulted in death within 2 months after the onset. Neuroimaging examinations revealed white matter lesions mainly in the left posterior parietal lobe. The cortical gray matter also showed abnormal signal intensity. Peripheral CD4+ lymphocyte count was 81/microl. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations were negative. CSF antibodies against herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus as well as serum antibody against toxoplasma gondii were negative. Though autopsy or biopsy of the brain was not performed, JC virus genomes were detected in the CSF sample by a polymerase chain reaction, and their sequencing showed unique alterations of the regulatory regions, characteristic to PML-type JC virus. (+info)

No data available that match "jc virus"

The JC virus or John Cunningham virus is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus ). (wikipedia.org)
The JC virus, or John Cunningham virus, is a germ so common that the majority of adults have been exposed to it. (webmd.com)
If you have multiple sclerosis (MS), you need to know about the John Cunningham (JC) virus. (everydayhealth.com)
John Cunningham or JC virus (JCV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that, following primary infection, undergoes latency in tonsillar tissue, renal tubular cells, bone marrow, or the brain. (aacc.org)
A mutation in a mouse model of the John Cunningham (JC) virus, which causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), allows the virus to evade the host immune responses in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), according to a study into the mechanisms of PML. (thisisms.com)
JC virus, or John Cunningham polyomavirus, infects between 50 and 70 percent of the human population, most often during early childhood or adolescence. (psu.edu)
John Cunningham (JC) virus is a (RNA/DNA) polyomavirus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV patients. (osmosis.org)
The cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is the John Cunningham virus, or simply JC virus , named after the first patient in whom the virus was identified. (osmosis.org)
JC virus (JCV) is a DNA polyomavirus discovered in 1971, isolated from patient John Cunningham. (hopkinsguides.com)
The virus was named after the patient from whom the virus was initially cultivated, John Cunningham. (kartalozelders.com)
The John Cunningham virus, known more commonly as the JC virus, is a very common virus in the United States. (kartalozelders.com)
It is caused by reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) and infection of glial cells. (kartalozelders.com)
Human polyomavirus 2, commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus). (kartalozelders.com)
JC virus granule cell neuronopathy results from the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JC virus) , infecting granule cell neurons in the cerebellum, in patients with compromised immune systems. (radiopaedia.org)
John Cunningham virus (JCV)is a type of human polyomavirus . (bvsalud.org)
Aetna considers polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of cerebrospinal fluid for John Cunningham (JC) polyomavirus, for diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in persons before initiating natalizumab treatment not medically necessary. (aetna.com)

Genomic sequences of the human polyomaviruses, JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV), and simian virus 40 (SV40) have been reported from several types of human brain tumors, but there have been no population-based seroepidemiologic studies to evaluate the association between polyomavirus infection and brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Knowles, "Discovery and epidemiology of the human polyomaviruses BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV)," Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
Taken together with well-established evidence that SV40, as well as the human polyomaviruses JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV), are oncogenic in several animal models, new interest has resurfaced regarding a possible role for these viruses in human tumors. (elsevier.com)
Sequential changes in the non-coding control region sequences of JC polyomaviruses from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (cdc.gov)
The item Malaria and some polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, and merkel cell viruses), (electronic resource) represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in University of Missouri-St. Louis Libraries . (umsl.edu)
This Volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of malaria (a disease caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites) and four polyomaviruses--simian virus 40 (SV40), and BK, JC and Merkel cell viruses. (umsl.edu)
METHODS: A pair of primers (JC1 and JC2) were designed to be complementary to the early and late regions of JC and BK polyomaviruses, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
Polyomaviruses are a group of small DNA viruses, which have long been studied as a model for eukaryotic DNA replication. (springer.com)
Polyomaviruses including JCV, and BKV are prevalent small and non-enveloped viruses that contain a 5Kb circular double-stranded DNA genome (Pinto and Dobson 2014 ). (exeley.com)

People who have antibodies to the JC virus and take certain MS medications are at higher risk of a serious brain infection. (everydayhealth.com)
In the age range when most people tend to develop MS - typically young- to middle adulthood - somewhere around 58 percent of the population has antiviral antibodies to the JC virus in their blood, Cortese says, indicating exposure to the virus. (everydayhealth.com)
Up to 80% of humans express serum antibodies to JC virus (JCV), yet considerably fewer people develop PML--predominantly those under. (ebscohost.com)
50% of adults have been exposed to JCV and will be positive for IgG-class antibodies to this virus (Eur J Neurol 2014;21:299-304), even though the vast majority will never experience any symptoms. (aacc.org)
STRATIFY JCV allows neurologists to determine their MS patients' anti-JCV antibody status and is the first blood test to be FDA authorized for the qualitative detection of antibodies to the polyomavirus JC virus. (fiercebiotech.com)
The infection generally occurs during childhood, with specific antibodies to the virus developing subsequent to infection ( 23 , 37 , 39 ). (asm.org)
Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification. (semanticscholar.org)
A new assay for serum antibodies to JC virus (indicating past exposure) may prove to be a guide to PML risk. (thefreedictionary.com)
Recent publications indicate 39 [3] to 58% [4] of the general population are seropositive for antibodies to JCV, indicating current or previous infection with the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Risk of natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is associated with the presence of anti-JC-virus (JCV) antibodies. (blogspot.com)

A map of the genome of JC virus, indicating the position of the tumor antigen genes (red), the three capsid protein genes (green and blue), the agnogene (yellow), and the non-coding control region (NCCR). (wikipedia.org)
Human polyomavirus JC virus genome. (semanticscholar.org)
A two-year grant from the PML Consortium awarded to scientists in the Eberly College of Science aims to unravel sequence variations within the JC virus genome that could case the development of a rare fatal brain disease. (psu.edu)
In collaboration with Vivek Nerurkar's lab at the University of Hawaii, Frisque will use the $314,000 grant to investigate three forms of sequence variation identified in the JC virus genome, which are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenic potential of this human virus. (psu.edu)
JC virus is a non-enveloped virus with closed circular double-stranded DNA genome. (osmosis.org)
Some of these may already have been present within the initial virus, and others may be coded for by the viral genome for production within the host cell. (thefreedictionary.com)
Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (tabers.com)
The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (tabers.com)
Sensitivity was estimated by titration of a plasmid containing JC virus genome. (ox.ac.uk)
2009. Simian virus 40 large T antigen disrupts genome integrity and activates a DNA damage response via Bub1 binding. (springer.com)

The presence of JC virus, which results in p53 protein accumulation, was also examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Light microscopy was carried out to correlate the presence of JC virus DNA with the selective infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in PML. (elsevier.com)
Presence of JC virus-specific CTL in the cerebrospinal fluid of PML patients: rationale for immune-based therapeutic strategies. (rush.edu)
In urine from 29 LUTS cases and 9 controls from Wisconsin, we found a statistically significant association between a diagnosis of LUTS and the presence of JC virus (JCV), a common neurotropic human polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae, Betapolyomavirus) linked to severe neurologic disease in rare cases. (elsevier.com)

A correction to the article "Asymptomatic Reactivation of JC Virus in Patients Treated with Natalizumab," which appeared in the September 10, 2009 issue is presented. (ebscohost.com)
Unfortunately, an unanticipated side effect of these drugs has been the reactivation of JC virus in the patient, resulting in the appearance of the rare, fatal brain disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). (psu.edu)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by reactivation of JC virus (JCV) infection. (beds.ac.uk)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease caused by human neurotropic JC virus. (grantome.com)
JC virus remains latent in the host, and in profoundly immunosuppressed patients, JC virus can cause PML, a fatal disease associated with neurotropic JC virus that lytically infects oligodendrocytes. (clinicaltrials.gov)

In people with very weak immune systems, the virus can bring on a serious brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). (webmd.com)
JC virus (JCV) seropositivity is a risk factor for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients on natalizumab. (nih.gov)
Although polyomavirus JC (JCV) is the proven pathogen of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the fatal demyelinating disease, this virus is ubiquitous as a usually harmless symbiote among human beings. (pnas.org)
The polyomavirus JC (JCV), the proven pathogen of the fatal demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) ( 1 ), is ubiquitous in human beings, infecting children asymptomatically ( 2 , 3 ). (pnas.org)
The JC virus is a virus which infects the brain of advanced cancer patients and causes PML-- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (thebody.com)
Critical role of JC virus-specific CD4 T-cell responses in preventing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (nih.gov)
The human neurotropic polyomavirus JC (JCV) causes the fatal CNS demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). (ebscohost.com)
Traffic of JC Virus from Sites of Initial Infection to the Brain: The Path to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. (ebscohost.com)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disorder of the human brain caused by infection with the human polyomavirus, JC. (ebscohost.com)
Although infection with JCV is typically mild or subclinical in immunocompetent patients, reactivation of latent virus may result in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients who are immunocompromised (such as AIDS patients) or taking immune-modulating therapy. (aacc.org)
Citation Query JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the viral burden in cerebrospinal fluid, patient survival, and the volume of neurological lesions. (psu.edu)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system that results from lytic infection of oligodendrocytes by the polyomavirus JC (JCV). (asm.org)
Stoner, G. L. 1997-04-01 00:00:00 The central demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV). (deepdyve.com)
JC Virus is the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. (specialtylabs.com)
MRI brain showed characteristic appearances of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), confirmed by detection of the JC virus in CSF, despite the absence of any evidence of immunosuppression. (readbyqxmd.com)
Using the technique of in situ DNA‐to‐DNA hybridization, a JC virus biotinylated DNA probe was developed and applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, or fixed, frozen sections of brain tissue from three subjects with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). (elsevier.com)
In a retrospective review of data from 168 patients with suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) between 1996 and 2006, JC virus (JCV) PCR on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples was positive only in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts and in severely immunocompromised patients with radiographic lesions consistent with PML or infectious processes generally. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
JC virus DNA load in patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Reduced rate of diagnostic positive detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid in cases of suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The human polyomavirus JC (JCV) infects glial cells and causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the brain, in immunosuppressed individuals. (northwestern.edu)
If a patient becomes immunosuppressed, especially during AIDS, reactivated JC virus can infect lymphocytes, be carried to the brain, infect oligodendroglia glial cells, and produce a demyelinating disease called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy . (med-life.net)
While up to 51% of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) show infection of granule cells by JC virus on autopsy, GCN is thought to be a distinct entity caused by mutation in the VP1 gene of the JC virus leading to a shift in viral tropism from glial cells to cerebellar granule cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
JC virus granule cell neuronopathy is considered a rare manifestation of JC virus reactivation, thought to be much less common than progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 1-4 . (radiopaedia.org)
There is conjecture whether these white matter changes are truly due to JC virus granule cell neuronopathy, or due to concurrent infratentorial progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 1-3 . (radiopaedia.org)
Regardless, supratentorial white matter involvement, on the other hand, is not a feature of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy, and its involvement may be due to other manifestations of the JC virus such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome , which are known to manifest concurrently with JC virus granule cell neuronopathy 1-3 . (radiopaedia.org)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis. (radiopaedia.org)
4. Brew BJ, Davies NW, Cinque P, Clifford DB, Nath A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other forms of JC virus disease. (radiopaedia.org)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by JC virus (JCV). (cdc.gov)
High-resolution melting analysis for mutation scanning in the non-coding control region of JC polyomavirus from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of PCR as a tool for detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (cdc.gov)
Patients undergoing immune modulatory therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and individuals with an impaired-immune system, most notably AIDS patients, are in the high risk group of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal demyelinating disease of the white matter caused by human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus. (grantome.com)
Treatment with natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) appears linked with JC virus (JCV) infection, which can lead to a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) that destroys the myelin that protects nerve cells. (liberationtreatmentccsvi.com)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, highly fatal demyelinating brain infection caused by the JC virus. (redorbit.com)
The purpose of this study is to identify host genetic factors that contribute to the development of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated with JC virus. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The human polyomavirus JC virus is the etiologic agent of the fatal disease demyelinating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (elsevier.com)
The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) is the causative agent of the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is commonly seen in AIDS patients. (nntc.org)
Natalizumab is a new and efficient treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) during the use of this drug has created the need for better comprehension of JC virus (JCV) infection . (bvsalud.org)

In the last several years, studies have reported the detection of sequences similar to the polyomavirus, Simian Virus 40 (SV40) in human tumors including choroid plexus papillomas and ependymomas. (elsevier.com)
JCV is genetically closely related to BK and SV40 viruses. (hopkinsguides.com)

Polymerase chain reaction on cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of virus-associated opportunistic diseases of the central nervous system in HIV-infected patients. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Central nervous system (e.g., meningitis and encephalitis): For diagnosis of meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, as well as stool or throat swabs, can be collected because viruses are sometimes shed into these sites. (issuu.com)
In order to identify natalizumab-treated patients at risk of developing PML, we assayed for anti-JC virus (JCV) antibody levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (tischms.org)

It results when JC virus infects oligodendrocytes, cells that insulate nerve cells with myelin. (everydayhealth.com)
PML occurs when immune control of persistent infection with JCPyV fails, the virus mutates and changes its cellular tropism, enters the brain and infects astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and, in particular cases, also neurones. (readbyqxmd.com)
The virus reactivates under immunomodulatory conditions with an unknown mechanism, resulting in productive infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). (grantome.com)
We are now engaged in a number of studies designed to determine how infection of oligodendrocytes with JC virus leads to the death of these cells and demyelination of neurons. (tufts.edu)

For about 30 percent of those who are exposed to JC virus, it will remain latent in their kidneys, notes Dr. Major. (everydayhealth.com)
T/F: Most people are infected by 15 years of age via respiratory and latent viruses can be reactivated under suppressed imunity ( prenancy, AIDS, organ transplant). (quizlet.com)
So to be clear, the virus is not eliminated, but instead it remains latent in the kidneys, meaning that it isn't dividing and causing disease. (osmosis.org)
Most people with a healthy immune system are able to keep JC virus in the latent phase in the kidney epithelial cells for their entire life. (osmosis.org)
The JC virus localizes to and remains latent in the kidney, from whence it occasionally may reactivate. (med-life.net)
Some viruses do not produce rapid lysis of host cells, but rather remain latent for long periods in the host before the appearance of clinical symptoms. (thefreedictionary.com)
Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (tabers.com)

Timeline: Polyoma virus middle T antigen and its role in identifying cancer-related molecules. (ebscohost.com)
Virus-specific CD4(+) T cells play a central role in control of viral pathogens including JC polyoma virus (JCV) infection. (uzh.ch)
The JC virus belongs to the polyoma virus group of the papovavirus family, which are double-stranded DNA viruses without an envelope. (med-life.net)
BK virus is also in the polyoma virus group. (med-life.net)
2013. A cornucopia of human polyoma-viruses. (springer.com)

Although JC virus infection is classically associated with white matter demyelination and PML pathogenesis, recent literature has identified viral variants as etiological agents of other novel syndromes. (wikipedia.org)
Findings in this study do not support the hypothesis that vascular endothelial replication is important in the pathogenesis of JC virus-induced PML. (elsevier.com)
Owing to the lack of both animal models, and sufficient in vitro models to sustain effective replication of JCPyV, the mechanisms of JC virus infection remain largely uncertain and current understanding in pathogenesis is obtained from human autopsy material. (uu.nl)

[3] Certain transcription factors present in the early promoter sequences of the JC virus can induce trophism and viral proliferation that leads to PML. (wikipedia.org)
[10] The protein encoded by these early sequences, T-antigen, also plays a key role in viral proliferation, [11] directing the initiation of DNA replication for the virus as well as performing a transcriptional switch to allow for the formation of the various capsid and regulatory proteins needed for viral fitness. (wikipedia.org)
Using a cut-off of 5% allele fraction for junctional reads, 7 different rearrangements were present in the JC virus sequences present in the WHO standard across multiple library preparations and sequencing runs. (physiciansweekly.com)
Differences in regulatory sequences of naturally occurring JC virus variants. (semanticscholar.org)
Persistence of DNA sequences of BK virus and JC virus in normal human tissues and in diseased tissues. (semanticscholar.org)
JC viral sequences were analyzed in DNA extracted from 33 frozen medulloblastoma and PNET samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (biomedcentral.com)
JC virus T-Ag DNA sequences were found in 77% of CRCs and are associated with promoter methylation of multiple genes. (beds.ac.uk)

BK virus (BKV), together with JC virus and simian virus 40, are members of the genus polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae family). (thefreedictionary.com)
hepatitis viruses B and C are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (Monto and Wright 2001 ), Simian virus 40 has been linked to mesothelioma (Rizzo et al. (beds.ac.uk)
2011. Comparisons between murine polyomavirus and Simian virus 40 show significant differences in small t antigen function. (springer.com)
2010. Multiple DNA damage signaling and repair pathways deregulated by Simian virus 40 large T antigen. (springer.com)
1994. T-antigen kinase inhibits simian virus 40 DNA replication by phospho-rylation of intact T antigen on serines 120 and 123. (springer.com)
2003. Simian virus 40 infection of humans. (springer.com)
2013. Replication stress and mitotic dysfunction in cells expressing simian virus 40 large T antigen. (springer.com)

PCR detection of JC virus DNA in the brain tissue of a 9-year-old child with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. (thefreedictionary.com)
Detection of JC virus DNA in peripheral blood cell subpopulations of HIV-1-infected individuals. (rush.edu)

Comparison of JC virus antibody status in serum versus JC virus DNA status in urine. (nih.gov)
People excrete the virus in their urine, and there can be traces of it in sewage, so there is speculation that it gets transmitted through contaminated water, but that has not been established either, says Cortese. (everydayhealth.com)
You can usually see JC in urine. (quizlet.com)
JC virus in saliva, oropharyngeal flui bloo and urine samples obtained from. (ket-rt.ru)
JC virus is spread via the urine-oral route. (kartalozelders.com)
BK virus (BKV) belongs to the human Polyomaviridae, initially isolated from urine sample of a 29-year-old male patient with renal blockage and failure at 1971. (kartalozelders.com)
One report applied a homemade nucleic acid probe with PCR amplification to urine of JC virus patients and obtained an excellent detection rate. (med-life.net)
JC polyomavirus (JCV) is ubiquitous in humans, persisting in renal tissue and excreting progeny in urine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Skin infections: Rash site and, depending on the virus, serum and urine b. (issuu.com)
We investigated whether the presence of infectious agents in urine might be associated with LUTS by combining next-generation DNA sequencing for virus discovery, microbiome analysis for characterization of bacterial communities, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. (elsevier.com)

Reactivation of the JC virus can cause progressive multifocal. (ket-rt.ru)
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopthy (PML) is an often-fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCV). (tufts.edu)

Multiple Sclerosis Trust: "JC virus. (webmd.com)
Nearly one-half of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis using natalizumab are DNA-JC virus positive. (bvsalud.org)

JCV is a ubiquitous small DNA virus that leads to persistent infection of humans with no clinical consequences. (uzh.ch)
The level of combinatorial diversity in TCR- and HLA-peptide interactions used by brain-infiltrating, JCV-specific CD4(+) T cells has not, to our knowledge, been reported before in humans for other viral infections and confirms the exceptional plasticity that characterizes virus-specific immune responses. (uzh.ch)
Since most humans are infected with JCV and BKV, these data indicate that the ingestion of contaminated water or food could represent a possible portal of entrance of these viruses or polyomavirus DNA into the human population. (kartalozelders.com)
Merkel cell virus was discovered in 2008 in a rare skin cancer in humans. (umsl.edu)
The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (tabers.com)

Natalizumab, to the best of my knowledge, does not affect the humoral or antibody responses to viruses. (blogspot.com)

JC virus (JCV) is ubiquitous among the general population. (nih.gov)
The ubiquitous human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is a small double-stranded DNA virus that establishes a persistent infection, and it is often transmitted from parents to children. (ed.ac.uk)
JC virus is a small ubiquitous human DNA polyomavirus that causes asymptomatic primary infection in up to 86% of the general population. (kartalozelders.com)

Prevalence of polyomavirus BK and JC infection and replication in 400 healthy blood donors. (semanticscholar.org)
Because these properties are shared by certain bacteria ( rickettsiae , chlamydiae ), viruses are now characterized by their simple organization and their unique mode of replication. (thefreedictionary.com)
In the context of antirejection treatment, viral replication and progression toward disease are related to patient, virus, and graft determinants. (hindawi.com)
Presence of nucleic acid or antigen in semen does not represent the presence of replication-competent or infection-competent virus, which can generally only be demonstrated by isolation and culture of virus. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, we reported that G144 cells support robust levels of JCV DNA replication and infection by JC virus. (tufts.edu)
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that subvert cellular metabolism and pathways to mediate their own replication-normally at the expense of the host cell. (springer.com)

A definition of the term "papovavirus," which refers to any of a group of viruses, many of which are encogenic, that are important in viral carcinogenesis, is presented. (ebscohost.com)

The Jc Virus Antibody Positivity reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (crossfirebeilstein.com)

Because of its capacity to cause demyelination in the central nervous system and multiply chiefly in human glial cells in culture, JCV was considered strictly a neurotropic virus. (asm.org)
It has been postulated that for the JC virus to preferentially infect granule cell neurons instead of glial cells, there must be a mutation, typically involving the C terminus of the VP1 gene, that triggers this change 6 . (radiopaedia.org)
To investigate whether chromatin structure controls glial cell-specific expression of JC virus early genes, glial and nonglial cells were transfected with a reporter plasmid containing the JC virus early promoter and then treated with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate. (elsevier.com)
TSA and butyrate induced 20- to 30-fold activation of the JC virus promoter in nonglial cells, whereas less than 2-fold induction was observed in glial cells. (elsevier.com)

A definition of the term "polyomavirus" which refers to a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus causing kidney, nerve and lymphoid disease in people is presented. (ebscohost.com)

Granule cell neuronopathy (GCN) is a rare disease caused by the JC virus, leading to degeneration of cerebellar granule cell neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Granule cell neuronopathy (GCN) is a rare disease caused by the JC virus that is characterized by lytic infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
JC virus granule cell neuronopathy is secondary to progressive infection of granule cell neurons in the cerebellum due to the reactivation of the JC virus 1-4 . (radiopaedia.org)
There is derangement of the normal laminar cellular organization of cerebellum, with the hallmark histological feature of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy being infection and loss of granule cell neurons in the internal granule cell layer, with sparing of the molecular and Perkinje layers 1,3 . (radiopaedia.org)
There is currently (as of March 2019) no disease-specific therapy available for JC virus granule cell neuronopathy, and management is therefore supportive. (radiopaedia.org)
Heterogeneous imaging characteristics of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy (GCN): a case series and review of the literature. (radiopaedia.org)
2. Henry C, Jouan F, De Broucker T. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: A cause of infectious cerebellar degeneration. (radiopaedia.org)
JC polyomavirus granule cell neuronopathy in a patient treated with rituximab. (radiopaedia.org)

In situ hybridization with biotinylated JC virus probe may be useful in the diagnosis of PML on brain biopsy specimens. (elsevier.com)
Diagnosis by in situ hybridization with a biotinylated JC virus DNA probe using an automated Histomatic Code-On slide stainer. (duke.edu)
Previous studies by other authors have established that in situ hybridization with a biotinylated JC virus DNA probe can be a valuable diagnostic adjunct because it identifies the virally infected cells with great specificity and does not depend on the larger specimen, which may be necessary for a firm histological diagnosis. (duke.edu)

[14] This syndrome, called JCV granule cell layer neuronopathy (JCV GCN), is characterized by a productive and lytic infection by a JC variant with a mutation in the VP1 coding region. (wikipedia.org)

[2] The virus causes PML and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency , as in AIDS or during treatment with drugs intended to induce a state of immunosuppression (e.g. organ transplant patients). (wikipedia.org)
The JCV virus may also be a causative agent of aseptic meningitis (JCVM), as JCV was the only pathogen identified in the CSF of certain patients with meningitis. (wikipedia.org)
Sequence rearrangement in JC virus DNAs molecularly cloned from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients. (asm.org)
However, JCV infection has also been described in lymphoid cells of PML patients ( 21 ), in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with and without PML ( 5 , 36 ), and in peripheral blood lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients ( 13 ) and from immunocompetent individuals ( 12 ). (asm.org)
Polyomavirus belongs to Papovaviridae, among which, BC virus (BCV) and JC virus (JCV) can induce diseases.1,2 It has been reported that,3 patients who undergo renal transplant usually have weak immune function, which improves possibility of polyomavirus infection. (thefreedictionary.com)
Richard Frisque , professor of molecular virology and the lead investigator on the grant, is studying the connections between these treatments and the development of JC virus-induced PML: "We are investigating why this one particular disease caused by this one particular virus is suddenly being activated in patients receiving therapies for unrelated illnesses. (psu.edu)
In HIV-positive patients without PML, however, JC virus DNA was detected. (ket-rt.ru)
Here, we describe the clinical and pathologic findings in 7 patients with biopsy-proven JC-PVN. (elsevier.com)
Two early presenting patients were treated for acute rejection just before acquiring JC-PVN. (elsevier.com)
We use positvie or negative JCV serostatus to assess whether or not our patients are infected with the virus. (blogspot.com)
The JCV + -cell subpopulations in HIV + patients included B, T, NK and NKT cells, with a JC viral load ranging from 2-1080 copies/ug DNA, while HIV - patients had JCV in the same subpopulations, as well as PMN and monocytes, with a viral load ranging from 2-250 copies/ug DNA. (beds.ac.uk)
The study will review clinical information from patients and analyze genetic factors from both patients and control subjects to investigate genes associated with AIDS and JC virus infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
JC virus is one of many opportunistic infections that arise in AIDS patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
These observations unravel a new pathway for the molecular interaction of these two viruses in biologically relevant cells in the brains of AIDS/PML patients. (nntc.org)
To confirm and extend these findings, we have used a commercially available biotinylated JC virus DNA probe to demonstrate the presence of viral DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from four open biopsies, four needle biopsies, and two autopsies of patients with PML. (duke.edu)

Genotypes of JC virus in East, Central and Southwest Europe. (semanticscholar.org)
Distinctive genotypes of JC virus have been described for the major continental landmasses. (semanticscholar.org)
Four geographically distinct genotypes of JC virus are prevalent in China and Mongolia: implications for the racial composition of modern China. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Five major genotypes of JC virus (JCV) have been defined based on nucleotide differences in the VP1 gene of the DNA sequence. (nih.gov)

The virus was first discovered in 1971, when a doctor found it in the brain of a man with Hodgkin's lymphoma and named the virus after him. (webmd.com)

This development occurs when the immune system is suppressed and JC virus can cause an opportunistic infection , Cortese explains. (everydayhealth.com)
In people who are treated with Tysabri for two years who are antibody positive to JC virus and have a history of prior immune suppression treatments, the risk is now 1 in 75. (everydayhealth.com)
Infections are usually asymptomatic, with most people unaware they have the virus unless their immune system is compromised by a disease or disease treatment. (psu.edu)
The JC virus can be activated when a person's immune system is compromised because of disease or immunosuppressive medication. (ket-rt.ru)
JC virus enters these kidney cells and starts replicating, but the cytotoxic CD8+ T cells of our immune system keep the virus in check by killing any cell that has replicating JV virus. (osmosis.org)
It is caused by the JC virus , which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The JC virus is harmless except in cases of weakened immune systems. (wikipedia.org)
The virus causes disease only when the immune system has been severely weakened. (wikipedia.org)
Some people who are JCV seropositive may not be infected with the virus, i.e. their immune systems have cleared the JC virus, and therefore may not be at risk of developing PML in the future. (blogspot.com)
On the other hand in people with a high index, or an increasing index, or in those who become seropositive with a high index, the virus must be stimulating their immune systems to produce antibody. (blogspot.com)
If you go onto treatments that interfere with the immune system, particularly immunosuppressive drugs, then the immune response to the JC virus cannot be used to assess risk. (blogspot.com)
This complex interaction is modulated by the net balance of immunosuppression and its impact on virus-specific immune response. (hindawi.com)
The virus only becomes active in people who have compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing immune suppressive chemotherapy for cancer and those with damaged immune systems due to HIV. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Viruses with lipid envelopes have a greater ability to adhere to cell membranes and to avoid destruction by the immune system. (tabers.com)
Induction of Siglec-G by RNA viruses inhibits the innate immune response by promoting RIG-I degradation. (nature.com)

When a complete virus particle ( virion ) comes in contact with a host cell, only the viral nucleic acid and, in some viruses, a few enzymes are injected into the host cell. (thefreedictionary.com)
5. The classification of viruses is based on nucleic acid type, size and shape of virion, and presence or absence of an envelope. (issuu.com)

These results indicate that the JC virus early promoter might be highly suppressed in nonglial cells by hypoacetylated chromatin and activated by hyperacetylation. (elsevier.com)

The cause of PML is a type of polyomavirus called the JC virus (JCV), after the initials of the person from whose tissue the virus was first successfully cultured. (wikipedia.org)
PML is caused by a polyomavirus called the JC virus. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The "tumor antigen" (T antigen), a nonstructural protein expressed by the viruses, is responsible for cell transformation in animal models. (aacrjournals.org)
No JC virus was identified in the embryonal brain tumor samples, while an endogenous human retrovirus (ERV-3) was readily detected. (biomedcentral.com)

It is thought that these differences in promoter sequence contribute to the fitness of the virus in the CNS and thus to the development of PML. (wikipedia.org)
The complete DNA sequence of the human JC virus, which was found to consist of 5,130 nucleotide pairs, is presented. (semanticscholar.org)

MS Drug Tied to Rising JC Virus Antibody Levels. (ket-rt.ru)

The sensitivity of the system was 25 copies of JC plasmid per 10 microliters of digested tissue. (ox.ac.uk)

Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead a normally harmless virus to morph into an opportunistic pathogen capable of killing its host represents an initial step in combating PML. (psu.edu)

[8] JC viral DNA can be detected in both non-PML affected and PML-affected (see below) brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)
American Journal of Neuroradiology: "JC Virus Infection of the Brain. (webmd.com)
Recently his doctor discovered his right brain has shadow and think it's JC virus (or disease:PML). (thebody.com)
For the JC virus to reach the brain and lead to PML, it likely requires a multistep process, Cortese says, adding that it's likely some genetic rearrangements occur that allow the virus to gain access to the central nervous system. (everydayhealth.com)
Although the JC virus can be detected by PCR in CSF, the definitive diagnosis should be made by detecting JC virus DNA or antigens in a brain biopsy. (thefreedictionary.com)
The virus may break down the protective coating of nerve cells, damaging the white matter of the brain. (kartalozelders.com)
Detection of reactivation and size variation in the regulatory region of JC virus in brain tissue. (ox.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS: Variation in the regulatory region of JC virus can be specifically and sensitively detected from routinely processed, paraffin wax embedded brain tissue. (ox.ac.uk)
Moreover, a possible association between JC virus and human brain and non-central system tumors has also been reported. (tufts.edu)
Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue from subjects with AIDS/PML revealed colocalization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivator, Tat, and JCV agnoprotein in nucleus and cytoplasm of "bizarre" astrocytes. (nntc.org)

Once inside living cells, viruses induce the host cell to synthesize virus particles. (issuu.com)
Like other viruses, chronic infection with JCV may induce CRC by different mechanisms which should be further investigated. (beds.ac.uk)

The mechanisms responsible for the malignant transformation in cases of long-lasting viral infection differ according to the particular virus and cancer and have been extensively studied. (beds.ac.uk)

Quantification of JC virus DNA is based upon real-time PCR amplification and detection of JCV genomic DNA. (specialtylabs.com)

However, JC virus infection is not responsible for increased levels of p53 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
A virus consists of genetic material, which may be either DNA or RNA, and is surrounded by a protein coat and, in some viruses, by a membranous envelope. (thefreedictionary.com)

ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (tabers.com)

[12] Several studies since 2000 have suggested that the virus is also linked to colorectal cancer , as JCV has been found in malignant colon tumors, but these findings are still controversial. (wikipedia.org)
Some studies have linked the virus to human colorectal cancer, but this concept remains controversial. (hopkinsguides.com)
The association of these viruses with colorectal cancers remains controversial. (exeley.com)

This test is intended to be used as an aid to the diagnosis of infections caused by JC virus. (labcorp.com)
A serological investigation of BK virus and JC virus infections in recipients of renal allografts. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hemorrhagic cystitis results from damage to the bladder's transitional epithelium and blood vessels by toxins, viruses, radiation, drugs (in particular, chemotherapeutic drugs), bacterial infections, or other disease processes. (medscape.com)

American Association for Clinical Chemistry: "JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for It? (webmd.com)
Clinical Laboratory News // All CLN Articles // JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? (aacc.org)
We performed next-generation sequencing to gain single-nucleotide resolution and relative copy number of JC virus (JCV) clinical standards. (physiciansweekly.com)

The herpes simplex virus and enterovirus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing were also negative. (redorbit.com)
AIMS: To develop a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based system for detecting genomic variation in JC virus. (ox.ac.uk)
For indications for PCR testing for JC polyomavirus, see CPB 0650 - Polymerase Chain Reaction - Selected Indications . (aetna.com)

JC Virus

Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal

BK Virus

Polyomavirus Infections

Tumor Virus Infections

Polyomavirus

RNA Viruses

Simian virus 40

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

DNA, Viral

Virus Replication

Vaccinia virus

Receptors, Virus

Virus Cultivation

Virus Shedding

Virus Activation

Virus Diseases

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Virus Assembly

Polyomaviridae

Neuroglia

Plant Viruses

Genes, Viral

DNA Viruses

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral

Defective Viruses

Sindbis Virus

Measles virus

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype

Capsid Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Antigens, Viral

Rabies virus

Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype

Viral Proteins

NFI Transcription Factors

RNA, Viral

Virus Latency

Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins

Cell Line

Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype

Hepatitis B virus

Polymerase Chain Reaction

West Nile virus

Virion

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Urine

Y-Box-Binding Protein 1

Capsid

Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Antiviral Agents

Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus

Phylogeny

Oncogenic Viruses

Vero Cells

Simian immunodeficiency virus

Cercopithecus aethiops

Antibodies, Viral

Mumps virus

Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human

Mosaic Viruses

Immunohistochemical detection of JC virus in nontumorous renal tissue of a patient with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1/512)

The J domain of papovaviral large tumor antigen is required for synergistic interaction with the POU-domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. (2/512)

Reciprocal interaction between two cellular proteins, Puralpha and YB-1, modulates transcriptional activity of JCVCY in glial cells. (3/512)

Clinical and virological monitoring during treatment with intrathecal cytarabine in patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (4/512)

Molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein VP1 of the human polyomavirus JC virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies. (5/512)

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS. (6/512)

Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid. (7/512)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifesting Gerstmann's syndrome. (8/512)

The University of Maine - Maginnis Lab

Virus Exploits a Serotonin Receptor | Science Signaling

Neuroimmune regulation of neurotropic JC virus by SF2/ASF in glial cells - Ilker Sariyer

Interferon-Î± and -Î² Restrict Polyomavirus JC Replication in Primary Human Fetal Glial Cells: Implications for Progressive...

JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? | AACC.org

Mapping the history and current situation of research on John Cunningham virus - a bibliometric analysis | BMC Infectious...

Jc Virus Infection - Articles on Medical Diseases and Conditions

Natalizumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis associated with JC virus infection | Liberation Treatment CCSVI

Mouse polyomavirus-specific CD8+ T cells establish a brain-resident memory population during persistent infection (VIR6P.1174) ...

John Cunningham peddles false and misleading information | The Crazz Files