Jc virus. Medical search

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.

An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances.

Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).

Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.

A genus of potentially oncogenic viruses of the family POLYOMAVIRIDAE. These viruses are normally present in their natural hosts as latent infections. The virus is oncogenic in hosts different from the species of origin.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.

Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.

The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses, infecting mainly MAMMALS, and containing a single genus: POLYOMAVIRUS.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Transcription factors that were originally identified as site-specific DNA-binding proteins essential for DNA REPLICATION by ADENOVIRUSES. They play important roles in MAMMARY GLAND function and development.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.

A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2. The H3N2 subtype was responsible for the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

Y-box-binding protein 1 was originally identified as a DNA-binding protein that interacts with Y-box PROMOTER REGIONS of MHC CLASS II GENES. It is a highly conserved transcription factor that regulates expression of a wide variety of GENES.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.

A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Viruses that produce tumors.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.

A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.

Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.

Immunohistochemical detection of JC virus in nontumorous renal tissue of a patient with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1/512)

We performed immunohistochemical staining on the nontumorous renal tissue of 45 patients with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal encephalopathy using JCV-specific antibody. For one patient we found positive staining of the nuclei of the renal collecting ducts. Immunoelectron microscopic examination of the positive cell nuclei revealed electron-dense polyomavirus-like particles. (+info)

The J domain of papovaviral large tumor antigen is required for synergistic interaction with the POU-domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. (2/512)

Large T antigens from polyomaviruses are multifunctional proteins with roles in transcriptional regulation, viral DNA replication, and cellular transformation. They have been shown to enhance the activity of various cellular transcription factors. In the case of the POU protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP, this enhancement involves a direct physical interaction between the POU domain of the transcription factor and the amino-terminal region of large T antigen. Here we have analyzed the structural requirements for synergistic interaction between the two proteins in greater detail. Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and the related POU protein Brn-1 were both capable of direct physical interaction with large T antigen. Nevertheless, only Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP functioned synergistically with large T antigen. This differential behavior was due to differences in the amino-terminal regions of the proteins, as evident from chimeras between Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and Brn-1. Synergy was specifically observed for constructs containing the amino-terminal region of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. Large T antigen, on the other hand, functioned synergistically with Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP only when the integrity of its J-domain-containing amino terminus was maintained. Mutations that disrupted the J domain concomitantly abolished the ability to enhance the function of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. The J domain of T antigen was also responsible for the physical interaction with Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and could be replaced in this property by other J domains. Intriguingly, a heterologous J domain from a human DnaJ protein partially substituted for the amino terminus of T antigen even with regard to the synergistic enhancement of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP function. Given the general role of J domains, we propose chaperone activity as the underlying mechanism for synergy between Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and large T antigens. (+info)

Reciprocal interaction between two cellular proteins, Puralpha and YB-1, modulates transcriptional activity of JCVCY in glial cells. (3/512)

Cross communication between regulatory proteins is an important event in the control of eukaryotic gene transcription. Here we have examined the structural and functional interaction between two cellular regulatory proteins, YB-1 and Puralpha, on the 23-bp sequence element derived from the enhancer-promoter of the human polyomavirus JCV. YB-1 and Puralpha are single-stranded DNA binding proteins which recognize C/T- and GC/GA-rich sequences, respectively. Results from band shift studies demonstrated that while both proteins interact directly with their DNA target sequences within the 23-bp motif, each protein can regulate the association of the other one with the DNA. Affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation provide evidence for a direct interaction between Puralpha and YB-1 in the absence of the DNA sequence. Ectopic expression of YB-1 and Puralpha in glial cells synergistically stimulated viral promoter activity via the 23-bp sequence element. Results from mutational studies revealed that residues between amino acids 75 and 203 of YB-1 and between amino acids 85 and 215 of Puralpha are important for the interaction between these two proteins. Functional studies with glial cells indicated that the region within Puralpha which mediates its association with YB-1 and binding to the 23-bp sequence is important for the observed activation of the JCV promoter by the Puralpha and YB-1 proteins. The results of this study suggest that the cooperative interaction between YB-1 and Puralpha mediates the synergistic activation of the human polyomavirus JCV genome by these cellular proteins. The importance of these findings for cellular and viral genes which are regulated by Puralpha and YB-1 is discussed. (+info)

Clinical and virological monitoring during treatment with intrathecal cytarabine in patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (4/512)

We describe the clinical and virological outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) treated with cytarabine. Twenty-seven patients received intrathecal cytarabine, 5 received concomitant intravenous cytarabine, and 20 received concomitant antiretroviral therapy. The median baseline CD4+ cell count was 28/mm3. After 4 weeks, 4 (19%) of 21 evaluable patients had stable disease, whereas the others progressed. The median survival from diagnosis and from onset was 66 and 128 days, respectively. Patients with Karnofsky scores of >50 and those previously taking antiretroviral medications had a higher probability of survival 3 months after diagnosis (P = .003 and P = .05, respectively). Overall, after 4 weeks, median JC virus load in CSF increased by 0.7 log10 copies/mL from baseline (P = NS). The mean JC virus load at 4 weeks was lower in patients with stable disease than in progressors (3.47 vs. 4.47 log10 copies/mL; P = .027). JC virus became undetectable in the only patient who had a long-term stable condition. The concentration of JC virus in CSF showed a correlation with clinical outcome. (+info)

Molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein VP1 of the human polyomavirus JC virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies. (5/512)

The major structural viral protein, VP1, of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV), the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), was expressed by using recombinant baculoviruses. Recombinant VP1 formed virus-like particles (VLP) with the typical morphology of empty JCV capsids. Purified VP1 VLP bind to SVG, B, and T cells, as well as to monkey kidney cells. After binding, VP1 VLP were also internalized with high efficiency and transported to the nucleus. Immunization studies revealed these particles as highly immunogenic when administered with adjuvant, while immunization without adjuvant induced no immune response. VP1 VLP hyperimmune serum inhibits binding to SVG cells and neutralizes natural JCV. Furthermore, the potential of VP1 VLP as an efficient transporter system for gene therapy was demonstrated. Exogenous DNA could be efficiently packaged into VP1 VLP, and the packaged DNA was transferred into COS-7 cells as shown by the expression of a marker gene. Thus, VP1 VLP are useful for PML vaccine development and represent a potential new transporter system for human gene therapy. (+info)

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS. (6/512)

The human polyomavirus JCV lytically infects oligodendrocytes of immunosuppressed individuals leading to the fatal demyelinating disease termed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Dementia, hemiparesis, and hemianopsia are the predominant presenting signs of PML. Asymptomatic JCV infection is common worldwide with approximately 80% of adults testing positive for JCV antibodies. In addition to the brain, JCV has been shown to infect tonsil, lymphoid, bone marrow, and kidney tissues. Viral variants, classified according to the nucleotide sequences of their regulatory regions, are being mapped in human tissues and cell types to help trace the pathway of JCV from a site of initial infection to target oligodendrocytes. In most literature, a dichotomy of the JCV regulatory region structure exists by tissue. B lymphocytes, however, have demonstrated the capacity to harbor JCV of diverse regulatory regions, which helps position their interaction with virus amid every stage of infection and implicates a lymphocytic role in latency. (+info)

Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid. (7/512)

Two forms of human polyomavirus JC (JCV) genome are known based upon the structure of the transcriptional control region (TCR) of the virus: the archetypal form, which is commonly detected in urine, and the rearranged form, which was first detected in brain tissue from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) patients. The latter actually includes a group of TCR variants that, relative to the former, are characterized by various deletions and/or duplications. The aim of this study was to establish whether or not a correlation exists among the TCR type, the spreading of the virus within the host and its ability to cause PML. JCV TCR sequences from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from various groups of patients were compared. JCV with archetypal TCR was detected in CSF and PBL specimens from patients without neurological disorders or who eventually received a diagnosis of a non-PML neurological disorder. Rearranged TCR sequences were detected in all the CSF and PBL specimens from PML patients. The high similarity observed between the TCR structure detected in PBL and CSF specimens from individual patients could strengthen the hypothesis that PBL has a role in spreading JCV to the brain. Moreover, heterogeneous TCR patterns have been shown in individual PBL specimens from PML patients. This supports the hypothesis that, in PBL, JCV may replicate and undergo rearrangements of the TCR. The detection of JCV DNA by PCR in CSF independently from PML, although rare, could suggest that this assay is not sufficient for a virological diagnosis of PML. Further studies are required to assess the usefulness of quantitative assays or TCR typing in combination with PCR for diagnostic purposes. (+info)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifesting Gerstmann's syndrome. (8/512)

We reported a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) via multiple blood transfusions, who manifested progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) about 18 months after the development of AIDS. PML initiated with right hemiparesis, dysphasia, and Gerstmann's syndrome and resulted in death within 2 months after the onset. Neuroimaging examinations revealed white matter lesions mainly in the left posterior parietal lobe. The cortical gray matter also showed abnormal signal intensity. Peripheral CD4+ lymphocyte count was 81/microl. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations were negative. CSF antibodies against herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus as well as serum antibody against toxoplasma gondii were negative. Though autopsy or biopsy of the brain was not performed, JC virus genomes were detected in the CSF sample by a polymerase chain reaction, and their sequencing showed unique alterations of the regulatory regions, characteristic to PML-type JC virus. (+info)

JC virus & BK virus only cause disease in immunocompromised patients Was once thought to be due to a slow virus but is now ... A slow virus is a virus, or a viruslike agent, etiologically associated with a slow virus disease. A slow virus disease is a ... as in the cases of JC virus and BK virus), or, in the case of prions, the identity of the agent involved. Slow viruses cause a ... Pinto M, Dobson S (January 2014). "BK and JC virus: a review". The Journal of Infection. 68 (Suppl 1): S2-S8. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_virus

... can also act against the JC virus. Administration of mefloquine seemed to eliminate the virus from the patient's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mefloquine

It is caused by the JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system. The JC virus is harmless ... A number of drugs work against JC virus in cell culture, but no proven, effective therapy is known in humans. For example, 1-O- ... The cause of PML is a type of polyomavirus called the JC virus (JCV), after the initials of the person (John Cunningham) from ... PML is diagnosed in a patient with a progressive course of the disease, finding JC virus DNA in spinal fluid together with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_multifocal_leukoencephalopathy

Another promising route towards reconstructing human genetic genealogy is via the JC virus (JCV), a type of human polyomavirus ... Shackelton LA, Rambaut A, Pybus OG, Holmes EC (October 2006). "JC virus evolution and its association with human populations". ... Hammer MF, Woerner AE, Mendez FL, Watkins JC, Wall JD (September 2011). "Genetic evidence for archaic admixture in Africa". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans

Suzuki T, Orba Y, Okada Y, Sunden Y, Kimura T, Tanaka S, Nagashima K, Hall WW, Sawa H (March 2010). "The human polyoma JC virus ... Many viruses that cause human disease express viroporins. These viruses include hepatitis C virus, HIV-1, influenza A virus, ... Carrasco L (August 1995). "Modification of membrane permeability by animal viruses". Advances in Virus Research. 45: 61-112. ... Most viruses encoding viroporins can replicate their genomes in the absence of the viroporin, even if they are impaired in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroporin

... including two human viruses - BK virus and JC virus - and the simian virus SV40; the BK, JC, and SV40 examples are by far the ... BK virus and JC virus, as well as the simian polyomavirus SV40. Agnoprotein is typically quite short: examples from BK virus, ... Suzuki T, Orba Y, Okada Y, Sunden Y, Kimura T, Tanaka S, Nagashima K, Hall WW, Sawa H (March 2010). "The human polyoma JC virus ... It is also detectable in the cell nucleus; in the case of JC virus, nuclear-localized agnoprotein comprises 15-20% of the total ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnoprotein

... and is a leading researcher in the investigation of the polyomavirus JC (JC virus), which causes progressive multifocal ... "A fatal case of JC virus meningitis presenting with hydrocephalus in a human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patient". ... He also opened a research laboratory at BIDMC studying the pathogenesis of JC virus in PML. During 19 years in Boston, he was ... He then focused his research on JC virus (JCV) and PML. Koralnik and colleagues have characterized the cellular immune response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_J._Koralnik

Throughout his career, Major has conducted research on viruses including BK virus, adenoviruses, JC virus, simian virus 40 ( ... Major, E. O. (1983). "JC virus T protein expression in owl monkey tumor cell lines". Progress in Clinical and Biological ... Olive, DM; Lampert, M; Major, EO (1980). "Comparison of wild-type BK virus DNA and BK virion DNA rescued from virus-transformed ... caused by JC virus and often found in immunosuppressed patients such as those with HIV/AIDS. Major has published over 140 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O._Major

Krachmarov CP, Chepenik LG, Barr-Vagell S, Khalili K, Johnson EM (November 1996). "Activation of the JC virus Tat-responsive ... of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein Tat and cellular protein Puralpha on DNA replication initiated at the JC virus ... by KG-1 oligodendroglioma cells followed by stimulation of DNA replication initiated at the JC virus origin". DNA and Cell ... "Interaction of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein Puralpha with the human polyomavirus JC virus early protein T-antigen". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PURA

Gasparovic ML, Gee GV, Atwood WJ (November 2006). "JC virus minor capsid proteins Vp2 and Vp3 are essential for virus ... in JC virus both VP2 and VP3 seem to be essential for packaging the viral chromosome into the capsid, while absence of these ... Nakanishi A, Itoh N, Li PP, Handa H, Liddington RC, Kasamatsu H (April 2007). "Minor capsid proteins of simian virus 40 are ... April 2006). "The VP2/VP3 minor capsid protein of simian virus 40 promotes the in vitro assembly of the major capsid protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_capsid_proteins_VP2_and_VP3

... most notably BK virus, JC virus, and SV40. It is essential for proliferation in the viruses that express it and is thought to ... BK virus is associated with nephropathy in renal transplant and non-renal solid organ transplant patients, JC virus with ... In some particular viruses, additional cell-surface interactions occur; for example, the JC virus is believed to require ... JC virus with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and Merkel cell virus (MCV) with Merkel cell cancer. SV40 replicates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyomaviridae

Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) core promoter hairpin (Pr) McCormack JC, Simon AE (July 2004). "Biased hypermutagenesis associated ... The TCV hairpin 5 (H5) is an RNA element found in the turnip crinkle virus. This RNA element is composed of a stem-loop that ... Page for Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) repressor of minus strand synthesis H5 at Rfam v t e (Cis-regulatory RNA elements, ... Zhang G, Zhang J, Simon AE (July 2004). "Repression and derepression of minus-strand synthesis in a plus-strand RNA virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnip_crinkle_virus_(TCV)_repressor_of_minus_strand_synthesis_H5

2015). "Tracing Jomon and Yayoi ancestries in Japan using ALDH2 and JC virus genotype distributions". Investigative Genetics. 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyuan_people

Simian virus (SV) 40 has been linked in studies to the development of choroid plexus tumors (CPTs). The BK and JC viruses have ... Okamoto H, Mineta T, Ueda S, Nakahara Y, Shiraishi T, Tamiya T, Tabuchi K. Detection of JC virus DNA sequences in brain tumors ... Expression of the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (Tag) and formation of Tag-p53 and Tag-pRb complexes in human brain ... Kim IY, Niranjan A, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD. Gamma knife radiosurgery for treatment resistant choroid plexus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid_plexus_papilloma

Ravichandran V, Sabath BF, Jensen PN, Houff SA, Major EO (2006). "Interactions between c-Jun, nuclear factor 1, and JC virus ... Müller K, Mermod N (2000). "The histone-interacting domain of nuclear factor I activates simian virus 40 DNA replication in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFIX

Human polyomavirus 2 (also known as JC virus) is known to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Human ... Opportunistic infections caused by feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus retroviral infections can be treated ... HIV is a virus that targets T cells of the immune system and, as a result, HIV infection can lead to progressively worsening ... An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that take advantage of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_infection

In SV40 and JC virus, STag is not required for viral proliferation, but does improve efficiency. In SV40, STag has a similar ... "Cellular transformation by Simian Virus 40 and Murine Polyoma Virus T antigens". Seminars in Cancer Biology. 19 (4): 218-228. ... Turk, B; Porras, A; Mumby, MC; Rundell, K (June 1993). "Simian virus 40 small-t antigen binds two zinc ions". Journal of ... Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a virus causally associated with a rare and aggressive human skin cancer called Merkel cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_tumor_antigen

"Exogenous human immunodeficiency virus-1 protein, Tat, enhances replication of JC virus efficiently in neuroblastoma cell lines ... Human polyomavirus 2 (JC virus) contains a TAR-homologous sequence in its late promoter that is responsive to HIV-1 derived Tat ... that a Sequence Similar to TAR Is Important for Induction of the JC Virus Late Promoter by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 ... the JC virus Tat-responsive transcriptional control element by association of the Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-activation_response_element_(TAR)

"BK Virus, JC Virus and Simian Virus 40 Infection in Humans, and Association with Human Tumors". Polyomaviruses and Human ... Coelho, Tatiana R; Almeida, Luis; Lazo, Pedro A (2010). "JC virus in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, an etiological ... JC virus, and human papillomavirus". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 17 (11): 2970-9. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI- ... The virus causing this illness was isolated in 1937. The rash typical of Lyme borreliosis was identified the early 1900s. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infections_associated_with_diseases

Miranda JJ, Sugimoto C, Paraguison R, Takasaka T, Zheng HY, Yogo Y (2003). "Genetic diversity of JC virus in the modern ... 34-56 Chang JG, Ko YC, Lee JC, Chang SJ, Liu TC, Shih MC, Peng CT (2002). "Molecular analysis of mutations and polymorphisms of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines

", "Insect" and "Gas Stop". He died in 1996, aged 32, of a brain virus, JC virus, which caused progressive multifocal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Racic

July 2000). "The cellular response of JC virus T-antigen-induced brain tumor implants to a Murine intra-ocular model". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_D._Lublin

JC virus) and polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, ureteral stenosis and hemorrhagic cystitis (BK virus). The latter condition ... Several viruses mediated the emergence of decoy cells, amongst which cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus. Decoy cells are virus ... The viruses that induce the emergence of decoy cells, may causes disease, but again mainly in immunocompromised individuals. ... Purighalla, R; Shapiro, R; McCauley, J; Randhawa, P (1995). "BK virus infection in a kidney allograft diagnosed by needle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoy_cells

... , commonly referred to as the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, is a type of human polyomavirus (formerly ... Monaco, M.C., Jensen, P.N., Hou, J., Durham, L.C. and Major, E.O. (1998). "Detection of JC virus DNA in human tonsil tissue: ... 2005). "Assessment of JC polyoma virus in colon neoplasms". Dis. Colon Rectum. 48 (1): 86-91. doi:10.1007/s10350-004-0737-2. ... Agostini, H.T.; Ryschkewitsch, C.F.; Mory, R.; Singer, E.J.; Stoner, G.L. (1997). "JC Virus (JCV) genotypes in brain tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_polyomavirus_2

"Physical and functional interaction between the Y-box binding protein YB-1 and human polyomavirus JC virus large T antigen". J ... Chibi M, Meyer M, Skepu A, G Rees DJ, Moolman-Smook JC, Pugh DJ (2008). "RBBP6 interacts with multifunctional protein YB-1 ... 1995). "Cooperative action of cellular proteins YB-1 and Pur alpha with the tumor antigen of the human JC polyomavirus ... 1994). "Involvement of transcription factor YB-1 in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I basal gene expression". J. Virol. 68 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_box_binding_protein_1

Patients who had taken natalizumab for longer, from 25 to 48 months, who were positive for anti-JC virus antibodies, had taken ... Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an opportunistic infection caused by the JC virus, and that occurs only in ... and lastly who were negative for anti-JC virus antibodies. The incidence of PML in the low risk group was estimated to be 0.09 ... All 54 patients with PML for whom samples were available before the diagnosis were positive for anti-JC virus antibodies. When ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalizumab

In some cases additional factors are necessary conditions for viral entry; for example, JC virus requires the 5HT2A serotonin ... The exact mechanism of endocytosis varies depending on the virus, and some viruses use multiple mechanisms; caveolae-dependent ... Maginnis MS, Nelson CD, Atwood WJ (December 2015). "JC polyomavirus attachment, entry, and trafficking: unlocking the keys to a ... Almendral, José M. (2013). "Assembly of Simple Icosahedral Viruses". In Mateu, Mauricio G. (ed.). Structure and physics of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_capsid_protein_VP1

June 2015). "Inhibition of human bladder cancer growth by a suicide gene delivered by JC polyomavirus virus-like particles in a ... The thymidine kinases from pox viruses, African swine fever virus, Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster virus and Epstein- ... Genes for virus specific thymidine kinases have been identified in Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster virus and Epstein- ... In this way, only cells infected by the virus are susceptible to the drug. Such drugs are effective only against viruses from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidine_kinase

Alwine JC (2008). "Modulation of host cell stress responses by human cytomegalovirus". Current Topics in Microbiology and ... A virus has either a DNA or an RNA genome and is called a DNA virus or an RNA virus, respectively. The vast majority of viruses ... Other viruses, such as rabies virus, can infect different species of mammals and are said to have a broad range. The viruses ... Quote: "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus

Saiz, JC; Martín-Acebes, MA; Bueno-Marí, R; Salomón, OD; Villamil-Jiménez, LC; Heukelbach, J; Alencar, CH; Armstrong, PK; ... A Zika virus vaccine is designed to prevent the symptoms and complications of Zika virus infection in humans. As Zika virus ... viruses as vectors for immunogenic Zika virus proteins. One phase 1 trial is using the Measles virus as a vector and was ... a potential consequence of Zika virus infection. Additionally, as dengue virus is closely related to Zika virus, the vaccine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zika_virus_vaccine

... which includes Bristol virus, Lordsdale virus, Toronto virus, Mexico virus, Hawaii virus and Snow Mountain virus. Most ... Heijne JC, Teunis P, Morroy G, Wijkmans C, Oostveen S, Duizer E, Kretzschmar M, Wallinga J (2009). "Enhanced Hygiene Measures ... "Norwalk virus", the virus has also been called "Norwalk-like virus", "small, round-structured viruses" (SRSVs), Spencer flu and ... includes Norwalk virus, Desert Shield virus and Southampton virus; and II (GII), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

Wong Yip Chong claiming that she caught the Japanese encephalitis virus from Hiroshi Watanabe and thus suffered from a viral ... In JC Singh's words, he said to Oh in his verdict, "I am constrained to draw an irresistible inference that you were the last ... JC Singh found Oh guilty and sentenced him to death for the murder of Liang Shan Shan. Oh Laye Koh's appeal against his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Tzee_Cheng

"Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus syncytium formation and virus replication by castanospermine". Proceedings of the ... Fenouillet E, Gluckman JC (Aug 1991). "Effect of a glucosidase inhibitor on the bioactivity and immunoreactivity of human ... Land A, Braakman I (Aug 2001). "Folding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein in the endoplasmic ... Dedera DA, Gu RL, Ratner L (Mar 1992). "Role of asparagine-linked glycosylation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GANC

Many viruses have an RNA genome, such as HIV, which uses reverse transcription to create a DNA template from its viral RNA ... Torres-Romero JC, Alvarez-Sánchez ME, Fernández-Martín K, Alvarez-Sánchez LC, Arana-Argáez V, Ramírez-Camacho M, Lara-Riegos J ... Allen JP, Williams JC (October 1998). "Photosynthetic reaction centers". FEBS Letters. 438 (1-2): 5-9. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793( ... Raman R, Raguram S, Venkataraman G, Paulson JC, Sasisekharan R (November 2005). "Glycomics: an integrated systems approach to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

Rotondo JC, Selvatici R, Di Domenico M, Marci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F (September 2013). "Methylation loss at H19 ... that is to say genes that are inserted into the genome by viruses, among imprinted genes. It has also been postulated that if ... Rotondo JC, Selvatici R, Di Domenico M, Marci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F (September 2013). "Methylation loss at H19 ... doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.9. McElroy JP, Kim JJ, Harry DE, Brown SR, Dekkers JC, Lamont SJ (April 2006). "Identification ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_imprinting

Madani N, Kabat D (Dec 1998). "An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the ... Egerer, K; Kuckelkorn, U; Rudolph, PE; Rückert, JC; Dörner, T; Burmester, GR; Kloetzel, PM; Feist, E (October 2002). " ... "Comprehensive investigation of the molecular defect in vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD7

Viral resistance to the drug leads to the drug becoming useless since the virus evolves to have cells that are able to resist ... Shankar SS, Dubé MP, Gorski JC, Klaunig JE, Steinberg HO (November 2005). "Indinavir impairs endothelial function in healthy ... Consequently, HIV viruses cannot reproduce, causing a decrease in the viral load. Commercially sold indinavir is indinavir ... It is normally used as one of the three drugs in a triple-combination therapy for the HIV virus. Commercially available ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indinavir

Brychzy A, Rein T, Winklhofer KF, Hartl FU, Young JC, Obermann WM (July 2003). "Cofactor Tpr2 combines two TPR domains and a J ... Patients with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection who harbor a HSPA1B-1267 single nucleotide polymorphism have a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA1B

Chang HW, Watson JC, Jacobs BL (June 1992). "The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes an inhibitor of the interferon-induced, ... Viruses that inhibit IFN signaling include Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2), and viruses of the ... Some viruses escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus protein) mutation. The H5N1 influenza virus, ... Some viruses can encode proteins that bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to prevent the activity of RNA-dependent protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Strausfeld U, Labbé JC, Fesquet D, et al. (1991). "Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by ... Re F, Braaten D, Franke EK, Luban J (1995). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr arrests the cell cycle in G2 by inhibiting ... Kino T, Chrousos GP (2004). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related ... 1996). "Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC25C

Bueno MJ, Pérez de Castro I, Gómez de Cedrón M, Santos J, Calin GA, Cigudosa JC, Croce CM, Fernández-Piqueras J, Malumbres M ( ... Abelson HT, Rabstein LS (August 1970). "Lymphosarcoma: virus-induced thymic-independent disease in mice". Cancer Research. 30 ( ... Virus at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Drosophila Abl tyrosine kinase - The Interactive ... which was initially isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus. The ABL1 proto-oncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABL_(gene)

On October 24, Buffalo tight end Dawson Knox tested positive for the virus. He and three other players, including all of the ... In November, the league passed 2020 Resolution JC-2A, which rewards teams for developing minority candidates for head coach and ... Week 12 game against New Orleans after coming into close contact with Jeff Driskel who had tested positive for the virus; the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_NFL_season

The simulation provided new insights about activities of the virus. One discovery was that the virus, which looks symmetrical ... Stone, JE; Phillips, JC; Freddolino, PL; Hardy, DJ; Trabuco, LG; Schulten, K (December 2007). "Accelerating molecular modeling ... Another was that the virus coat, the protein capsid, is dependent upon the genetic material in the RNA core of the particle and ... This suggests that the genetic material must already be present before the virus can build its coat when reproducing. Such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Schulten

She is escorted to the Shell 1 Core computer room by Raiden to download a virus into AI GW so that it will not be used by the ... Fletcher, JC (December 11, 2011). "Metal Gear Rising's story revised, now set post-MGS4". Joystiq. Retrieved February 13, 2012 ... After he gives away his detonation code to Ocelot, Snake is unable to rescue him before as he is killed by the FoxDie virus; he ... When instructed to inject Snake with the FOXDIE virus, she secretly modifies it so that it will kill Snake at a random moment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Metal_Gear_characters

MacEachern, EJ; McDonald, JC (1971). "Histoplasmin sensitivity in McGill University students". Canadian Journal of Public ... Hajjeh, RA (1995). "Disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus". Clinical Infectious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoplasma_capsulatum

Soames JV, Southam JC (1999). Oral pathology (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. pp. 147, 193-200. ISBN 978-0192628947. ... The global human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic has been an important factor in ... May 2013). "Oropharyngeal Candida colonization in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients". APMIS. 121 (5): 375-402. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

... and also shows activity against other viral diseases such as Zika virus and foot and mouth disease virus. Merimepodib was ... McHutchison JG, Shiffman ML, Cheung RC, Gordon SC, Wright TL, Pottage JC, et al. (2005). "A randomized, double-blind, placebo- ... January 2018). "Merimepodib, an IMPDH inhibitor, suppresses replication of Zika virus and other emerging viral pathogens". ... "Antiviral activity of merimepodib against foot and mouth disease virus in vitro and in vivo". Molecular Immunology. 114: 226- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merimepodib

... viruses such as hepatitis C virus, Flaviviridae viruses and bovine viral diarrheal virus could enter cells indirectly via LDLR- ... Barrett JC, Plagnol V, Richards JB, Greenwood CM, Timpson NJ, Durbin R, Soranzo N (October 2015). "The UK10K project identifies ... Agnello V, Abel G, Elfahal M, Knight GB, Zhang QX (October 1999). "Hepatitis C virus and other flaviviridae viruses enter cells ... LDLR has been identified as the primary mode of entry for the Vesicular stomatitis virus in mice and humans. In addition, LDLR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

Weissman AD, Su TP, Hedreen JC, London ED (October 1988). "Sigma receptors in post-mortem human brains". The Journal of ... 2 to inhibit autophagosome formation as a process competing with the coronavirus for cellular endomembranes that the virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-1_receptor

Inagaki, K; Song, MS; Crumpton, JC; DeBeauchamp, J; Jeevan, T; Tuomanen, EI; Webby, RJ; Hakim, H (2016). "Correlation Between ... Correlation Between the Interval of Influenza Virus Infectivity and Results of Diagnostic Assays in a Ferret Model. ... the Interval of Influenza Virus Infectivity and Results of Diagnostic Assays in a Ferret Model". J. Infect. Dis. 213 (3): 407- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Tuomanen

Kim JC, Spence RA, Currier PF, Lu X, Denison MR (April 1995). "Coronavirus protein processing and RNA synthesis is inhibited by ... "Host cell cathepsins potentiate Moloney murine leukemia virus infection". Journal of Virology. 81 (19): 10506-14. doi:10.1128/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloxistatin

Naeim F, Keesey JC, Herrmann C, Lindstrom J, Zeller E, Walford RL (November 1978). "Association of HLA-B8, DRw3, and anti- ... Type 1 diabetes has a risk associated with coxsackie 4B virus, there is a potential for involvement of class I loci, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

Chen JC, Abdelaziz AR, Perez-Lorenzo R, Bordone LA, Christiano AM (Jul 2022). "Primary cicatricial alopecias are characterized ... Hepatitis C virus-associated diseases, Lichenoid eruptions, Oral mucosal pathology). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_planus

Kash JC, Tumpey TM, Proll SC, et al. (October 2006). "Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses ... The G4 virus, also known as the "G4 swine flu virus" (G4) and "G4 EA H1N1", is a swine influenza virus strain discovered in ... "The swine flu virus is not a new virus and does not very spread and is pathogenic to humans and animals [translated from ... The virus is a variant genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus that mainly affects pigs, but there is some evidence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1

doi:10.1210/jc.2017-00672. PMID 28531338. Kullmann M, Schneikert J, Moll J, Heck S, Zeiner M, Gehring U, Cato AC (June 1998). " ... Muthumani K, Choo AY, Premkumar A, Hwang DS, Thieu KP, Desai BM, Weiner DB (August 2005). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ... Buckingham JC (January 2006). "Glucocorticoids: exemplars of multi-tasking". British Journal of Pharmacology. 147 (Supplement 1 ... Kino T, Pavlakis GN (April 2004). "Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor

Madani N, Kabat D (Dec 1998). "An endogenous inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes is overcome by the ... Egerer K, Kuckelkorn U, Rudolph PE, Rückert JC, Dörner T, Burmester GR, Kloetzel PM, Feist E (Oct 2002). "Circulating ... "Comprehensive investigation of the molecular defect in vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB3

Avendano C, Menendez JC (June 2015). "Chapter 2.5: Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase". Medicinal Chemistry of Anticancer ... Drugs that inhibit enzymes needed for the replication of viruses are effective in treating viral infections. Antiviral drugs ... Gentry BG, Bogner E, Drach JC (January 2019). "Targeting the terminase: An important step forward in the treatment and ... doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)81773-7. Rozwarski DA, Grant GA, Barton DH, Jacobs WR, Sacchettini JC (January 1998). "Modification ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=JC+Virus&type=mesh

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=JC+Virus&type=mesh

The Mutating Virus: Understanding Anti-Semitism Source: <a href="http://www.worldjewishcongress.org/">World ... Having cured itself of the virus of anti-Semitism, Europe is being reinfected by parts of the world that never went through the ... How did this happen? It happened the way viruses always defeat the human immune system, namely, by mutating. The new anti- ... we did not expect it was that Europe had undertaken the greatest collective effort in all of history to ensure that the virus ...

https://www.jcrelations.net/de/artikelansicht/the-mutating-virus-understanding-anti-semitism.html?tx_extension_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_extension_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&cHash=f0d431225705ae589d2697cfe7f0d25e

N2 - Using the technique of in situ DNA‐to‐DNA hybridization, a JC virus biotinylated DNA probe was developed and applied to ... AB - Using the technique of in situ DNA‐to‐DNA hybridization, a JC virus biotinylated DNA probe was developed and applied to ... Using the technique of in situ DNA‐to‐DNA hybridization, a JC virus biotinylated DNA probe was developed and applied to ... In situ hybridization with biotinylated JC virus probe may be useful in the diagnosis of PML on brain biopsy specimens. ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/progressive-multifocal-leukoencephalopathy-investigation-of-three

JC virus T-Ag DNA sequences were found in 77% of CRCs and are associated with promoter methylation of multiple genes. hMLH1 was ... JC virus (JCV) is a candidate etiologic factor in sporadic CRC. It may act by stabilizing β-catenin, facilitating its entrance ... Like other viruses, chronic infection with JCV may induce CRC by different mechanisms which should be further investigated. ... JC virus infection and hMLH1 hypermethylation in CRC. Some oncoviruses, including JC virus, may initiate carcinogenesis by ...

https://clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s13148-010-0013-3

Test Catalog Listing

https://www.parkwaylabs.com.sg/test-catalogue/details/jc-virus-pcr-dso

Human Polyomavirus JC; JC polyomavirus; Polyomavirus, JC. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible ... Jc virus (Human Polyomavirus JC; JC polyomavirus; Polyomavirus, JC). A species of polyomavirus, originally isolated from the ... The patients initials J.C. gave the virus its name. infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious ...

https://lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=jc+virus&lang=1

JCV JC virus KOH potassium hydroxide KS Kaposis sarcoma KSHV Kaposis sarcoma-associated virus (aka HHV-8) ... Injection-drug use is a complex behavior that puts HIV-infected persons at risk for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus ... Live-virus vaccines should be avoided (EII). One exception is measles vaccine, which is recommended for nonimmune persons. ... Condom use might reduce the risk for transmission of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus (AII), although data are ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr58e324a2.htm

The John Cunningham virus, or JC virus (JCV), causes PML. JCV is also known as human polyomavirus 2. By age 10, most people ... Berger JR, Nath A. Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and slow virus infections of the central nervous system. In: Goldman L ... The virus remains in the body, but normally is inactive and causes no problems. But people with a weakened immune system are at ... JC, BK, and other polyomaviruses: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000674.htm

Cofield said she and her colleagues didnt start asking about JC virus testing until 2011, so it did not affect this cohort. " ... Asked by an audience member whether most participants switched from natalizumab because they were positive for JC virus ... PML is caused by lytic infection of oligodendrocytes with the JC virus. ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/826072

A NIST Standard for More Accurate Diagnoses of JC Virus July 19, 2022. ... NIST Standard Reference Material supports the accurate measurement of the amount of a common but potentially dangerous virus in ...

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/topic/248651

Simian virus , BK virus , JC virus , Merkell cell Polyomavirus ... DC.IARC SERIALS Malaria and some Polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, ... Malaria and some Polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, and Merkel cell viruses) Contributor(s): International Agency for Research on ... Details for: Malaria and some Polyomaviruses (SV40, BK, JC, and Merkel cell viruses) ... and Merkel cell viruses) DC.IARC SERIALS Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes DC.IARC SERIALS ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=33952&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=59104

JC Virus [‎1]‎. Job Description [‎17]‎. Job Satisfaction [‎27]‎. Joint Deformities, Acquired [‎2]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?locale-attribute=en&etal=-1&type=mesh&starts_with=J&rpp=20&starts_with_previous=Q&order=ASC&sort_by=-1

JC VIRUS DNA,ULTRASEN (LLOQ 10 COPIES/ML), QN, CSF at Geisinger Medical Laboratories ... This test detects and quantifies JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Detection of the virus in CSF may indicate disease.. ... JC polyoma virus is the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating neurologic disease of immuno ...

https://geisingermedicallabs.com/catalog/details.cfm?tid=1808

The virus was identified as the etiological agent in 1967 and is named JC virus in 1971 after John Cunningham, from whom it was ... a third of individuals from all subgroups had JC virus DNA in the urine. [18] In the same study, JC virus DNA was detected in ... However, the detection of JC virus in CSF may be less likely in patients with inflammatory PML. [32] If PML is suspected, even ... 1] It is a small non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that was identified as the etiological agent in 1967 and was named JC ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1167145

Fatal JC-virus Granular Cerebellar Neuronopathy in a Patient Diagnosed with ALPS and Hypogammaglobulinemia. Research output: ... Herpes simplex virus 2 meningitis in adults: A prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Research output: ...

https://research.regionh.dk/en/publications/fatal-jcvirus-granular-cerebellar-neuronopathy-in-a-patient-diagnosed-with-alps-and-hypogammaglobulinemia

JC polyomavirus use JC Virus JC Virus JCAHO use Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2015_Alfab-J.htm

SECTION I - Full Virus Name and Prototype Number. Prototype Strain Number / Designation. JC 280 Accession Number. Original Date ... Virus Sections. Virus Name/Prototype. Original Source. Method of Isolation. Virus Properties. Antigenic Relationship. Biologic ... Click on the PDF icon to the left to view a copy of this virus entry in PDF format. You can get a copy of the PDF viewer by ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=178&SID=1

Background: JC virus (JCV) is the etiologic agent for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23619054/

What antiviral agents could be used for the treatment of JC & BK polyoma virus induced nephropathy in renal transplant patients ... ITP also occurs wit influenza virus vaccine which do not use vector ... at a speed intended to keep ahead of the mutability of the virus reducing and the possibility of more virulent and ...

https://www.researchgate.net/topic/Renal-Disease

JC virus assay. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk with natalizumab. Neutralizing antibodies. Interferon ...

https://www.ajmc.com/view/heterogeneity-of-ms-makes-new-disease-biomarker-discovery-difficult

Off-the-Shelf Third-Party Virus-Specific T Cell Therapy to Treat JC Polyomavirus Infection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell ... Scheduled administration of virus-specific T cells for viral prophylaxis after pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant. Blood ... JC; Schramm, M. Detection of cytogenetic changes and chromosomal aneuploidy with fluorescent in situ hybridization in ...

https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/research/divisions/o/oncology/publications

The JC virus is harmless in most people, but those who use immunosuppressant drugs for multiple sclerosis may be at risk of ... The risk of the JC virus for people with MS. Medically reviewed by Heidi Moawad, MD ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/multiple-sclerosis-and-anesthesia?utm_source=ReadNext

... by viruses is an uncommon event, considering the overwhelming number of individuals affected by the different human viral ... JC virus. N-linked glycoprotein with alpha 2-6 sialic acid. N-linked glycoprotein ... Acyclovir has demonstrated inhibitory activity against both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 ... ds-double strand; HSV-herpes simplex virus; ss-single strand; VZV-varicella-zoster virus. ...

https://reference.medscape.com/article/1166498-medication

Another promising route towards reconstructing human genetic genealogy is via the JC virus (JCV), a type of human polyomavirus ... "JC virus evolution and its association with human populations". Journal of Virology. 80 (20): 9928-33. doi:10.1128/JVI.00441-06 ... Hammer MF, Woerner AE, Mendez FL, Watkins JC, Wall JD (September 2011). "Genetic evidence for archaic admixture in Africa". ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-Africa_hypothesis

PML is caused by the John Cunningham (JC) virus and typically only occurs in patients who are immunocompromised. One case of ... human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection with a CD4 count of 300 cell/mm3 and prior and concomitant immunosuppression). ...

https://www.takeda.com/newsroom/newsreleases/2020/takeda-receives-u.s.-fda-approval-to-manufacture-entyvio-vedolizumab-drug-substance-at-manufacturing-facility-in-brooklyn-park-minnesota/

... virus. The JC virus is relatively common, with most people being exposed to it at some point in their lifetime. It causes no ... Receiving a positive JC virus test does not mean youll automatically develop PML. However, it does mean that taking certain ... But when you have MS, the reactivation of this virus may lead to a rare - but potentially fatal - infection called progressive ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/best-ms-treatment-lifestyle

Initial CSF analysis was unremarkable, including negative JC virus. Blood screen revealed a mild lymphopaenia. CT scanning of ... Urgent brain biopsy was arranged which showed numerous JC Virus particles within the parenchyma, consistent with progressive ... Repeat CSF analysis returned a now positive JC Virus PCR. Occult pulmonary sarcoidosis can be associated with immunoparesis and ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/87/12/e1.168

Health Canada has approved a product monograph change for Tysabri that identifies anti-JC virus (JCV) antibody status as a risk ... Health Canada Approves Updates to TYSABRI® (natalizumab) Product Monograph to Include Anti-JC Virus Antibody Status. May 24, ... Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a virus that causes infectious mononucleosis and commonly referred to as the kissing disease, has ... INSIGHT: Epstein-Barr Virus is a Risk Factor for MS . March 21, 2022. ...

https://mssociety.ca/nouvelles-sur-la-recherche

The John Cunningham virus, or JC virus (JCV), causes PML. (medlineplus.gov)
[ 1 ] It is a small non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that was identified as the etiological agent in 1967 and was named JC virus in 1971 after John Cunningham, from whom it was first isolated. (medscape.com)

Using the technique of in situ DNA‐to‐DNA hybridization, a JC virus biotinylated DNA probe was developed and applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, or fixed, frozen sections of brain tissue from three subjects with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). (elsevier.com)
JC, BK, and other polyomaviruses: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). (medlineplus.gov)
JC polyoma virus is the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating neurologic disease of immuno compromised patients and patients on certain medications. (geisingermedicallabs.com)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by widespread lesions due to infection of oligodendrocytes by JC virus, a ubiquitous human polyomavirus estimated to latently infect the kidneys of 50% of adults. (medscape.com)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by reactivation of the endemic JC polyomavirus. (medscape.com)
JC virus (JCV) is the etiologic agent for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease occurring in the brain of patients with underlying immune compromised states. (nih.gov)
We report a case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that showed subacute progressive cerebellar ataxia without HIV encephalopathy or other encephalopathies, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or encephalitis of other human herpes virus (HHV) infections. (neurology-jp.org)
JC Papovavirus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (semanticscholar.org)
PML (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy) is an infection of the brain and central nervous system that is caused by the JC virus, a pathogen that is present in about 50%-60% of the general population ( click here ). (wheelchairkamikaze.com)
Atezolizumab successfully reinvigorated JC virus immunity in a patient in Belgium with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, as demonstrated by clinical, virologic, and radiologic response to treatment. (cdc.gov)
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating infectious disease of the brain that is caused by JC virus (JCV) in the context of cellular immunodeficiency. (cdc.gov)
JC virus is responsible for causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PMLE) in immunocompromised people. (web.app)

Urgent brain biopsy was arranged which showed numerous JC Virus particles within the parenchyma, consistent with progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy (PML). (bmj.com)
Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. (semanticscholar.org)

Since its introduction in the Americas, the virus spread across the continent with worrisome consequences in bird mortality and a considerable number of outbreaks among humans and horses, which have resulted in the largest epidemics of neuroinvasive WNV disease ever documented. (wjgnet.com)
That the virus had characteristics of animal viruses more so than human viruses, and that the genetic structure of the AIDS virus actually looked like the viruses that appeared in animals that would not normally adapt themselves in humans. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. (cdc.gov)
Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. (cdc.gov)
Another example of a polyomavirus is Simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40), which can infect humans, rodents, and monkeys. (web.app)
To date, no such concerning changes have been identified in HPAI A(H5N1) viruses circulating in wild birds and poultry worldwide or that have sporadically infected humans. (cdc.gov)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ( SARSr-CoV or SARS-CoV ) [note 1] is a species of virus consisting of many known strains phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) that have been shown to possess the capability to infect humans , bats , and certain other mammals . (wikizero.com)
Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), which caused the 2002-2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 . (wikizero.com)

Light microscopy was carried out to correlate the presence of JC virus DNA with the selective infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in PML. (elsevier.com)
PML is caused by lytic infection of oligodendrocytes with the JC virus. (medscape.com)

Polyomaviruses are small non-enveloped viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome. (web.app)
The first two human polyomaviruses discovered, BKPyV and JCPyV, are the causative agents for transplant-related kidney disease, BK commonly and JC rarely. (web.app)

The key feature of xTAG assays is their high degree of multiplexing, and as such, Luminex sells assay panels such as a Respiratory Virus Panel and Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to larger core clinical labs. (genomeweb.com)
Mitochondrial depolarization was evaluated using the MitoProbe 5,5,6,6-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) assay package (Life Systems) based on the producers suggestions. (exposed-skin-care.net)

RT-PCR has been standardized using both structural and nonstructural domains of the Chikungunya virus genome and is available through the CDC. (medscape.com)
More than 20 near full-length genome sequences have been reported for human polyomavirus JC (JCV). (microbiologyresearch.org)
The genome sequence of herpes simplex virus type 2. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human polyomavirus JC virus genome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The yellow fever virus genome. (cusabio.com)
Its genome is about 30 kb , which is one of the largest among RNA viruses. (wikizero.com)

This test detects and quantifies JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (geisingermedicallabs.com)

Since 2022, despite the wide geographic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and to poultry worldwide, with sporadic spillover to mammals, only a small number of sporadic human cases of A(H5N1) have been identified. (cdc.gov)
Over 11,300 animal outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses were reported by 73 member states to the World Organization for Animal Health since January 2022. (cdc.gov)

As many as 90% of healthy individuals have serum antibodies to this virus, but less than 10% show any evidence of ongoing viral replication. (medscape.com)
Serum and nasal wash antibodies associated with resistance to experimental challenge with influenza A wild-type virus. (cdc.gov)
This is why strict testing for JC virus antibodies has been instituted for all patients on Tysabri therapy. (wheelchairkamikaze.com)
Chikungunya virus-specific IgM antibodies usually appear upon cessation of viremia, usually by day 5 to 7 into the illness, and stay positive for 3 to 6 months. (medscape.com)
An essential role of antibodies in the control of Chikungunya virus infection. (medscape.com)
Because influenza viruses are constantly changing, CDC performs ongoing analyses of A(H5N1) viruses to identify genetic changes that might allow for spread more easily to and between people, cause serious illness in people, reduce susceptibility to antivirals, affect the sensitivity of diagnostic assays, or reduce neutralization of the virus by vaccine induced antibodies. (cdc.gov)

Over 100 species comprise the genus Flavivirus, which includes other notable human pathogens, such as dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Kyasanur Forest disease virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. (cusabio.com)

In situ hybridization with biotinylated JC virus probe may be useful in the diagnosis of PML on brain biopsy specimens. (elsevier.com)
Results of immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies were negative for toxoplasmosis, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, and JC virus ( not shown ). (ajnr.org)

Condom use might reduce the risk for transmission of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus (AII) , although data are more limited. (cdc.gov)
27] Prittchet JC, Nanau RM, Neuman MG. The link between hypersensivity syndrome reaction development and Human Herpes Virus- 6 reactivation. (bvsalud.org)

The mechanisms responsible for the malignant transformation in cases of long-lasting viral infection differ according to the particular virus and cancer and have been extensively studied. (biomedcentral.com)
In HIV-negative controls, no lymphocyte or plasma samples harbored JC viral DNA. (medscape.com)
HIV gene products, such as Tat, may be able to transactivate the JC viral promoter directly. (medscape.com)
Common viral causes of pneumonia include Respiratory Syncytial virus, Influenza and B, Parainfluenza, Human metapneumovirus and Adenovirus. (pediatriceducation.org)
Asian genotypes of JC virus in native Americans and in a Pacific island population: markers of viral evolution and human migration. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease caused by yellow fever virus infection and is identical to other viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) in characteristics, such as Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. (cusabio.com)

Multiple genotypes of influenza B virus circulated between 1979 and 2003. (cdc.gov)
Since 2005, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have undergone extensive genetic diversification including the formation of hundreds of genotypes following reassortment with other avian influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)

Genotype profile of human polyomavirus JC excreted in urine of immunocompetent individuals. (microbiologyresearch.org)

West Nile virus (WNV), a flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family, is maintained in nature in an enzootic transmission cycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, although the virus occasionally infects other vertebrates. (wjgnet.com)
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus in the Paramyxoviridae family that is closely related to avian metapneumovirus. (pediatriceducation.org)
What is a symptom of beak However, one type of human polyomavirus, the Merkel cell polyomavirus, is known to cause a rare form of skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma, and other members of the polyomavirus family can Avian polyomavirus is a virus that may cause serious disease or even death in cage birds, particularly in the case of young chicks between one week to two months of age. (web.app)
Avian polyomavirus is a papovavirus, which is a highly contagious DNA virus that sometimes leads to diseases such as French molt or the "feather-losing disease" in birds. (web.app)

hepatitis viruses B and C are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (Monto and Wright 2001 ), Simian virus 40 has been linked to mesothelioma (Rizzo et al. (biomedcentral.com)

One study in Finland found ~15% (5% for each group) of rapid virus detection specimens had adenovirus, human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus (a Parvoviridae virus causing respiratory infections identified in 2005). (pediatriceducation.org)
Co-infection rates between the viruses ranged from 1% (hMPV and Adenovirus) to 12% (hMPV and Human Bocavirus). (pediatriceducation.org)

According to a study of HIV-negative controls and HIV-positive patients with or without PML, a third of individuals from all subgroups had JC virus DNA in the urine. (medscape.com)

Berger JR, Nath A. Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and slow virus infections of the central nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
Observations of infections with and illness due to parainfluenza, mumps and respiratory syncytial viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
Impacto of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions. (cdc.gov)
A review of virus infections of cataceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics. (semanticscholar.org)
To date, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses currently circulating in birds and poultry, with spillover to mammals, and those that have caused human infections do not have the ability to easily bind to receptors that predominate in the human upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
However, because of the potential for influenza viruses to rapidly evolve and the wide global prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, continued sporadic human infections are anticipated. (cdc.gov)
The 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus spread across Europe, North America, and Asia over a 12-month period resulting in an estimated 500 million infections and 50-100 million deaths worldwide, of which ~ 50% of these occurred within the fall of 1918 (Emerg Infect Dis 12:15-22, 2006, Bull Hist Med 76:105-115, 2002). (biomedcentral.com)

Findings in this study do not support the hypothesis that vascular endothelial replication is important in the pathogenesis of JC virus-induced PML. (elsevier.com)

JC virus (JCV) is a candidate etiologic factor in sporadic CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
REVISED HIV CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS The etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)

Detection of free circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA in plasma of patients with Hodgkin's disease. (bvsalud.org)

Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. (cdc.gov)

At that time, her JC virus (JCV) antibody index was positive at 2.56. (biomedcentral.com)

JC polyoma virus interacts with APOL1 in African Americans with nondiabetic nephropathy. (cdc.gov)

Clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses emerged in 2020 and were introduced into North America in late 2021 [ 1 ] and have spread to Central and South America, resulting in wild bird and poultry outbreaks in many countries [ 2 ]. (cdc.gov)
2020. Bundling Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Testing to Increase Receipt of Test Results: A Randomized Trial. . (cornell.edu)
2020. Impact of Removing Medicaid Fee-for-Service Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Treatment Restrictions on HCV Provider Experience with Medicaid Managed Care Organizations in New York City. . (cornell.edu)

JC virus T-Ag DNA sequences were found in 77% of CRCs and are associated with promoter methylation of multiple genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Absence of hepatitis C virus and detection of hepatitis G virus/GB virus C RNA sequences in the semen of infected men. (cdc.gov)

The SARS-related coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus . (wikizero.com)

Several studies suggest small aerosol particles can carry influenza virus, but how important is this route of transmission? (cdc.gov)
NIOSH researchers compared aerosol particles containing viable influenza virus generated during coughs and exhalations [i] . (cdc.gov)
Of these, 28 (53%) produced aerosol particles containing viable influenza A virus during coughing, and 22 (42%) produced aerosols with viable virus during exhalation. (cdc.gov)
Viable influenza A virus was detected more often in cough aerosol particles than in exhalation aerosol particles, but the difference was not large. (cdc.gov)
More research is needed but this study is consistent with previous studies that show aerosol particles containing viable influenza virus are produced by infected individuals both during coughing and during exhalation. (cdc.gov)
2016) Viable influenza A virus in airborne particles expelled during coughs versus exhalations. (cdc.gov)

Presence of nucleic acid or antigen in semen does not represent the presence of replication-competent or infection-competent virus, which can generally only be demonstration by isolation and culture of virus. (cdc.gov)

infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
Alternatively, latent reactivation of the virus can occur in the brain itself in this setting. (medscape.com)

Positive Darwinian evolution in human influenza A viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Under normal circumstances, those carrying the JC virus are completely without symptoms and the virus is kept in check by the human immune system. (wheelchairkamikaze.com)
In patients whose immune systems have been compromised (for instance, people with AIDS), the JC virus can lead to PML, an infection that destroys myelin in large portions of the brain, leading to significant disability, and, in many cases, death. (wheelchairkamikaze.com)
PML is a much-publicized potential side effect of the intravenous MS drug Tysabri, which profoundly suppresses immune system activity in the central nervous system of patients taking the drug, thereby leaving those carrying the JC virus potentially susceptible to the infection. (wheelchairkamikaze.com)
A Shope Fibroma virus PYRIN-only protein modulates the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for all susceptible men who have sex with men, as well as others with indications for hepatitis A virus vaccine (e.g., injection-drug users, persons with chronic liver disease or who are infected with hepatitis B and/or C) (AII) . (cdc.gov)

However, the molecular factors that contributed to the emergence of, and subsequent public health catastrophe associated with, the 1918 pandemic virus remained largely unknown until 2005, when the characterization of the reconstructed pandemic virus was announced heralding a new era of advanced molecular investigations (Science 310:77-80, 2005). (biomedcentral.com)

Maximum detection time refers to time from symptom onset (only in viruses that cause acute only, not chronic, infection). (cdc.gov)
Detection of the virus in CSF may indicate disease. (geisingermedicallabs.com)
There can be difficulties in detecting respiratory viruses including not actually testing for a particular organism or differences in detection methods. (pediatriceducation.org)

The virus infects other cells from a central nidus in a circumferential manner, leading to the expansion of the demyelinating lesion. (medscape.com)
The virus causes PML and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency, as in AIDS or during treatment with drugs intended to induce MW polyomavirus (MWPyV, also known as Human polyomavirus 10 and briefly as MXPyV) is a virus of the polyomavirus family that infects human hosts.It was discovered in 2012 and reported independently by several research groups. (web.app)

The envelope of virus is inlaid with two virally encoded proteins: envelope (E) protein and membrane (M) protein. (cusabio.com)
Zhang X, Zhang H, Ye L. Effects of hepatitis B virus X protein on the development of liver cancer. (medscape.com)

Antiviral drugs inhibit productive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication but do not eliminate the latent state of infection. (medscape.com)

Like other viruses, chronic infection with JCV may induce CRC by different mechanisms which should be further investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Globally, an estimated 71 million people were living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and 1.75 million were newly infected with HCV in 2015. (who.int)

Does hand sanitizer kill bacteria and viruses? (cnn.com)
Hand sanitizer has been recommended but the bottles say, 'Effective against bacteria,' with no mention of viruses. (cnn.com)

Remember that the number of 2009 H1N1 cases will most likely decrease over the summer months because viruses just don't transmit that well in the heat. (cnn.com)

Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus en los Estados Unidos. (cdc.gov)
It is well documented that infants requiring admission to hospital with acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in the first year of life are more likely to have recurrent episodes of coughing and wheezing subsequently. (bmj.com)

A non-taxonomic group of animal viruses associated with or causing papillomas or polyomas. (semanticscholar.org)

Viruses can transfer genes between species. (citizendium.org)

CDC is actively working on the domestic situation with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, including conducting surveillance among people with relevant exposures and preparing for the possibility that contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses gain the ability for increased transmissibility to people. (cdc.gov)
Globally, this 2.3.4.4b clade of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses has become widespread causing record numbers of bird outbreaks in wild, backyard, village, and farm birds. (cdc.gov)

The SARS-related coronavirus was one of several viruses identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 as a likely cause of a future epidemic in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development before and during an epidemic towards diagnostic tests , vaccines and medicines . (wikizero.com)

A new NIST Standard Reference Material supports the accurate measurement of the amount of a common but potentially dangerous virus in patients. (nist.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms28

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science2

Immunohistochemical detection of JC virus in nontumorous renal tissue of a patient with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1/512)

The J domain of papovaviral large tumor antigen is required for synergistic interaction with the POU-domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. (2/512)

Reciprocal interaction between two cellular proteins, Puralpha and YB-1, modulates transcriptional activity of JCVCY in glial cells. (3/512)

Clinical and virological monitoring during treatment with intrathecal cytarabine in patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (4/512)

Molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein VP1 of the human polyomavirus JC virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies. (5/512)

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS. (6/512)

Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid. (7/512)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifesting Gerstmann's syndrome. (8/512)

JC Virus

Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal

BK Virus

Polyomavirus Infections

Tumor Virus Infections

Polyomavirus

RNA Viruses

Simian virus 40

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

DNA, Viral

Virus Replication

Vaccinia virus

Receptors, Virus

Virus Cultivation

Virus Shedding

Virus Activation

Virus Diseases

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Virus Assembly

Polyomaviridae

Neuroglia

Plant Viruses

Genes, Viral

DNA Viruses

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral

Defective Viruses

Sindbis Virus

Measles virus

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype

Capsid Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Antigens, Viral

Rabies virus

Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype

Viral Proteins

NFI Transcription Factors

RNA, Viral

Virus Latency

Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins

Cell Line

Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype

Hepatitis B virus

Polymerase Chain Reaction

West Nile virus

Virion

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Urine

Y-Box-Binding Protein 1

Capsid

Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Antiviral Agents

Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus

Phylogeny

Oncogenic Viruses

Vero Cells

Simian immunodeficiency virus

Cercopithecus aethiops

Antibodies, Viral

Mumps virus

Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human

Mosaic Viruses

Immunohistochemical detection of JC virus in nontumorous renal tissue of a patient with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1/512)

The J domain of papovaviral large tumor antigen is required for synergistic interaction with the POU-domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. (2/512)

Reciprocal interaction between two cellular proteins, Puralpha and YB-1, modulates transcriptional activity of JCVCY in glial cells. (3/512)

Clinical and virological monitoring during treatment with intrathecal cytarabine in patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (4/512)

Molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein VP1 of the human polyomavirus JC virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies. (5/512)

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS. (6/512)

Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid. (7/512)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifesting Gerstmann's syndrome. (8/512)

The University of Maine - Maginnis Lab

Virus Exploits a Serotonin Receptor | Science Signaling

Neuroimmune regulation of neurotropic JC virus by SF2/ASF in glial cells - Ilker Sariyer

Interferon-Î± and -Î² Restrict Polyomavirus JC Replication in Primary Human Fetal Glial Cells: Implications for Progressive...

JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? | AACC.org

Mapping the history and current situation of research on John Cunningham virus - a bibliometric analysis | BMC Infectious...

Jc Virus Infection - Articles on Medical Diseases and Conditions

Natalizumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis associated with JC virus infection | Liberation Treatment CCSVI

Mouse polyomavirus-specific CD8+ T cells establish a brain-resident memory population during persistent infection (VIR6P.1174) ...

John Cunningham peddles false and misleading information | The Crazz Files