AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
JC VirusLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalBK VirusPolyomavirus InfectionsTumor Virus InfectionsPolyomavirusRNA VirusesSimian virus 40Antigens, Viral, TumorDNA, ViralVirus ReplicationVaccinia virusReceptors, VirusVirus CultivationVirus SheddingVirus ActivationVirus DiseasesAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingVirus AssemblyPolyomaviridaeNeurogliaPlant VirusesGenes, ViralDNA VirusesGene Expression Regulation, ViralDefective VirusesSindbis VirusMeasles virusInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeCapsid ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataAntigens, ViralRabies virusInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeViral ProteinsNFI Transcription FactorsRNA, ViralVirus LatencyViral Regulatory and Accessory ProteinsCell LineInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeHepatitis B virusPolymerase Chain ReactionWest Nile virusVirionRespiratory Syncytial VirusesUrineY-Box-Binding Protein 1CapsidVesicular stomatitis Indiana virusCerebrospinal FluidAntiviral AgentsHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusPhylogenyOncogenic VirusesVero CellsSimian immunodeficiency virusCercopithecus aethiopsAntibodies, ViralMumps virusParainfluenza Virus 1, HumanMosaic Viruses
JC Virus: A species of POLYOMAVIRUS, originally isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient's initials J.C. gave the virus its name. Infection is not accompanied by any apparent illness but serious demyelinating disease can appear later, probably following reactivation of latent virus.Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal: An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)BK Virus: A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances.Polyomavirus Infections: Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).Tumor Virus Infections: Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.Polyomavirus: A genus of potentially oncogenic viruses of the family POLYOMAVIRIDAE. These viruses are normally present in their natural hosts as latent infections. The virus is oncogenic in hosts different from the species of origin.RNA Viruses: Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.Simian virus 40: A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.Antigens, Viral, Tumor: Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.Vaccinia virus: The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.Receptors, Virus: Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.Virus Cultivation: Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.Virus Shedding: The expelling of virus particles from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).Virus Activation: The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.Virus Diseases: A general term for diseases produced by viruses.Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming: Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.Virus Assembly: The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.Polyomaviridae: A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses, infecting mainly MAMMALS, and containing a single genus: POLYOMAVIRUS.Neuroglia: The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.Plant Viruses: Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.Genes, Viral: The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.DNA Viruses: Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.Gene Expression Regulation, Viral: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.Defective Viruses: Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.Sindbis Virus: The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.Measles virus: The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype: A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.Capsid Proteins: Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Antigens, Viral: Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.Rabies virus: The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype: A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus.NFI Transcription Factors: Transcription factors that were originally identified as site-specific DNA-binding proteins essential for DNA REPLICATION by ADENOVIRUSES. They play important roles in MAMMARY GLAND function and development.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Virus Latency: The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins: A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype: A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 3 and neuraminidase 2. The H3N2 subtype was responsible for the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968.Hepatitis B virus: The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.West Nile virus: A species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE). It can infect birds and mammals. In humans, it is seen most frequently in Africa, Asia, and Europe presenting as a silent infection or undifferentiated fever (WEST NILE FEVER). The virus appeared in North America for the first time in 1999. It is transmitted mainly by CULEX spp mosquitoes which feed primarily on birds, but it can also be carried by the Asian Tiger mosquito, AEDES albopictus, which feeds mainly on mammals.Virion: The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.Respiratory Syncytial Viruses: A group of viruses in the PNEUMOVIRUS genus causing respiratory infections in various mammals. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have also been reported.Urine: Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.Y-Box-Binding Protein 1: Y-box-binding protein 1 was originally identified as a DNA-binding protein that interacts with Y-box PROMOTER REGIONS of MHC CLASS II GENES. It is a highly conserved transcription factor that regulates expression of a wide variety of GENES.Capsid: The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus: The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.Cerebrospinal Fluid: A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.Antiviral Agents: Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus: Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Oncogenic Viruses: Viruses that produce tumors.Vero Cells: A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.Simian immunodeficiency virus: Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.Cercopithecus aethiops: A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Mumps virus: The type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human: A species of RESPIROVIRUS also called hemadsorption virus 2 (HA2), which causes laryngotracheitis in humans, especially children.Mosaic Viruses: Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.

Immunohistochemical detection of JC virus in nontumorous renal tissue of a patient with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (1/512)

We performed immunohistochemical staining on the nontumorous renal tissue of 45 patients with renal cancer but without progressive multifocal encephalopathy using JCV-specific antibody. For one patient we found positive staining of the nuclei of the renal collecting ducts. Immunoelectron microscopic examination of the positive cell nuclei revealed electron-dense polyomavirus-like particles.  (+info)

The J domain of papovaviral large tumor antigen is required for synergistic interaction with the POU-domain protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. (2/512)

Large T antigens from polyomaviruses are multifunctional proteins with roles in transcriptional regulation, viral DNA replication, and cellular transformation. They have been shown to enhance the activity of various cellular transcription factors. In the case of the POU protein Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP, this enhancement involves a direct physical interaction between the POU domain of the transcription factor and the amino-terminal region of large T antigen. Here we have analyzed the structural requirements for synergistic interaction between the two proteins in greater detail. Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and the related POU protein Brn-1 were both capable of direct physical interaction with large T antigen. Nevertheless, only Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP functioned synergistically with large T antigen. This differential behavior was due to differences in the amino-terminal regions of the proteins, as evident from chimeras between Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and Brn-1. Synergy was specifically observed for constructs containing the amino-terminal region of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. Large T antigen, on the other hand, functioned synergistically with Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP only when the integrity of its J-domain-containing amino terminus was maintained. Mutations that disrupted the J domain concomitantly abolished the ability to enhance the function of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP. The J domain of T antigen was also responsible for the physical interaction with Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and could be replaced in this property by other J domains. Intriguingly, a heterologous J domain from a human DnaJ protein partially substituted for the amino terminus of T antigen even with regard to the synergistic enhancement of Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP function. Given the general role of J domains, we propose chaperone activity as the underlying mechanism for synergy between Tst-1/Oct6/SCIP and large T antigens.  (+info)

Reciprocal interaction between two cellular proteins, Puralpha and YB-1, modulates transcriptional activity of JCVCY in glial cells. (3/512)

Cross communication between regulatory proteins is an important event in the control of eukaryotic gene transcription. Here we have examined the structural and functional interaction between two cellular regulatory proteins, YB-1 and Puralpha, on the 23-bp sequence element derived from the enhancer-promoter of the human polyomavirus JCV. YB-1 and Puralpha are single-stranded DNA binding proteins which recognize C/T- and GC/GA-rich sequences, respectively. Results from band shift studies demonstrated that while both proteins interact directly with their DNA target sequences within the 23-bp motif, each protein can regulate the association of the other one with the DNA. Affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation provide evidence for a direct interaction between Puralpha and YB-1 in the absence of the DNA sequence. Ectopic expression of YB-1 and Puralpha in glial cells synergistically stimulated viral promoter activity via the 23-bp sequence element. Results from mutational studies revealed that residues between amino acids 75 and 203 of YB-1 and between amino acids 85 and 215 of Puralpha are important for the interaction between these two proteins. Functional studies with glial cells indicated that the region within Puralpha which mediates its association with YB-1 and binding to the 23-bp sequence is important for the observed activation of the JCV promoter by the Puralpha and YB-1 proteins. The results of this study suggest that the cooperative interaction between YB-1 and Puralpha mediates the synergistic activation of the human polyomavirus JCV genome by these cellular proteins. The importance of these findings for cellular and viral genes which are regulated by Puralpha and YB-1 is discussed.  (+info)

Clinical and virological monitoring during treatment with intrathecal cytarabine in patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (4/512)

We describe the clinical and virological outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) treated with cytarabine. Twenty-seven patients received intrathecal cytarabine, 5 received concomitant intravenous cytarabine, and 20 received concomitant antiretroviral therapy. The median baseline CD4+ cell count was 28/mm3. After 4 weeks, 4 (19%) of 21 evaluable patients had stable disease, whereas the others progressed. The median survival from diagnosis and from onset was 66 and 128 days, respectively. Patients with Karnofsky scores of >50 and those previously taking antiretroviral medications had a higher probability of survival 3 months after diagnosis (P = .003 and P = .05, respectively). Overall, after 4 weeks, median JC virus load in CSF increased by 0.7 log10 copies/mL from baseline (P = NS). The mean JC virus load at 4 weeks was lower in patients with stable disease than in progressors (3.47 vs. 4.47 log10 copies/mL; P = .027). JC virus became undetectable in the only patient who had a long-term stable condition. The concentration of JC virus in CSF showed a correlation with clinical outcome.  (+info)

Molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein VP1 of the human polyomavirus JC virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies. (5/512)

The major structural viral protein, VP1, of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV), the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), was expressed by using recombinant baculoviruses. Recombinant VP1 formed virus-like particles (VLP) with the typical morphology of empty JCV capsids. Purified VP1 VLP bind to SVG, B, and T cells, as well as to monkey kidney cells. After binding, VP1 VLP were also internalized with high efficiency and transported to the nucleus. Immunization studies revealed these particles as highly immunogenic when administered with adjuvant, while immunization without adjuvant induced no immune response. VP1 VLP hyperimmune serum inhibits binding to SVG cells and neutralizes natural JCV. Furthermore, the potential of VP1 VLP as an efficient transporter system for gene therapy was demonstrated. Exogenous DNA could be efficiently packaged into VP1 VLP, and the packaged DNA was transferred into COS-7 cells as shown by the expression of a marker gene. Thus, VP1 VLP are useful for PML vaccine development and represent a potential new transporter system for human gene therapy.  (+info)

Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS. (6/512)

The human polyomavirus JCV lytically infects oligodendrocytes of immunosuppressed individuals leading to the fatal demyelinating disease termed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Dementia, hemiparesis, and hemianopsia are the predominant presenting signs of PML. Asymptomatic JCV infection is common worldwide with approximately 80% of adults testing positive for JCV antibodies. In addition to the brain, JCV has been shown to infect tonsil, lymphoid, bone marrow, and kidney tissues. Viral variants, classified according to the nucleotide sequences of their regulatory regions, are being mapped in human tissues and cell types to help trace the pathway of JCV from a site of initial infection to target oligodendrocytes. In most literature, a dichotomy of the JCV regulatory region structure exists by tissue. B lymphocytes, however, have demonstrated the capacity to harbor JCV of diverse regulatory regions, which helps position their interaction with virus amid every stage of infection and implicates a lymphocytic role in latency.  (+info)

Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid. (7/512)

Two forms of human polyomavirus JC (JCV) genome are known based upon the structure of the transcriptional control region (TCR) of the virus: the archetypal form, which is commonly detected in urine, and the rearranged form, which was first detected in brain tissue from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) patients. The latter actually includes a group of TCR variants that, relative to the former, are characterized by various deletions and/or duplications. The aim of this study was to establish whether or not a correlation exists among the TCR type, the spreading of the virus within the host and its ability to cause PML. JCV TCR sequences from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from various groups of patients were compared. JCV with archetypal TCR was detected in CSF and PBL specimens from patients without neurological disorders or who eventually received a diagnosis of a non-PML neurological disorder. Rearranged TCR sequences were detected in all the CSF and PBL specimens from PML patients. The high similarity observed between the TCR structure detected in PBL and CSF specimens from individual patients could strengthen the hypothesis that PBL has a role in spreading JCV to the brain. Moreover, heterogeneous TCR patterns have been shown in individual PBL specimens from PML patients. This supports the hypothesis that, in PBL, JCV may replicate and undergo rearrangements of the TCR. The detection of JCV DNA by PCR in CSF independently from PML, although rare, could suggest that this assay is not sufficient for a virological diagnosis of PML. Further studies are required to assess the usefulness of quantitative assays or TCR typing in combination with PCR for diagnostic purposes.  (+info)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifesting Gerstmann's syndrome. (8/512)

We reported a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) via multiple blood transfusions, who manifested progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) about 18 months after the development of AIDS. PML initiated with right hemiparesis, dysphasia, and Gerstmann's syndrome and resulted in death within 2 months after the onset. Neuroimaging examinations revealed white matter lesions mainly in the left posterior parietal lobe. The cortical gray matter also showed abnormal signal intensity. Peripheral CD4+ lymphocyte count was 81/microl. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations were negative. CSF antibodies against herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus as well as serum antibody against toxoplasma gondii were negative. Though autopsy or biopsy of the brain was not performed, JC virus genomes were detected in the CSF sample by a polymerase chain reaction, and their sequencing showed unique alterations of the regulatory regions, characteristic to PML-type JC virus.  (+info)

The University of Maine - Maginnis LabThe University of Maine - Maginnis Lab
Our laboratory studies the host-pathogen relationship between viruses and cells to better understand cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the complexities of viral disease. In particular, we study the human JC polyomavirus, which infects the majority of the population and causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the brain of immunosuppressed individuals. Our goal is to understand the basic biology of the virus and JCPyV pathogenesis in order to develop novel treatment options, which are currently very limited.. The Maginnis laboratory is committed to excellence in biomedical research and educational training. We aim to provide a collegial, supportive atmosphere that promotes a passion for scientific curiosity and research excellence in an environment where scientific research is fun and rewarding. We emphasize the importance of asking key scientific questions with creative, open minds to provide meaningful contributions in the fields of ...
Virus Exploits a Serotonin Receptor | Science SignalingVirus Exploits a Serotonin Receptor | Science Signaling
JC virus (JCV) is a common human polyomavirus responsible for the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), in immunocompromised individuals. About 5% of AIDS patients develop this currently untreatable fatal disease. Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs inhibit JCV infection of glial cells. Elphick et al. now find that the cellular receptor for JCV on glial cells is a serotonin receptor. The findings contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of PML in AIDS patients and suggest that therapy based on existing serotonin receptor inhibitors may be feasible.. G. F. Elphick, W. Querbes, J. A. Jordan, G. V. Gee, S. Eash, K. Manley, A. Dugan, M. Stanifer, A. Bhatnagar, W. K. Kroeze, B. L. Roth, W. J. Atwood, The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science 306, 1380-1383 (2004). [Abstract] [Full Text]. ...
Neuroimmune regulation of neurotropic JC virus by SF2/ASF in glial cells - Ilker SariyerNeuroimmune regulation of neurotropic JC virus by SF2/ASF in glial cells - Ilker Sariyer
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal demyelinating disease caused by human neurotropic JC virus. JCV infects more than 80% of human popul...
Interferon-α and -β Restrict Polyomavirus JC Replication in Primary Human Fetal Glial Cells: Implications for Progressive...Interferon-α and -β Restrict Polyomavirus JC Replication in Primary Human Fetal Glial Cells: Implications for Progressive...
One of the major limitations of highly active antiretroviral therapy is its inability to inhibit the replication of polyomavirus JC (JCV), the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an acquired immunodeficiency syndromeâ€"defining illness. We previously demonstrated the induction of interferon (IFN)â€"stimulated genes (ISGs) by JCV. In the present study, we characterize the specific viral events required to induce ISGs and the potential antiviral effects of type I IFN on JCV replication in human fetal glial cells in the presence and absence of type I IFNs. Productive JCV replication was essential for the induction of the antiviral host response. JCV replication at all steps was significantly inhibited in the presence of IFN, and neutralizing anti-IFN antibody rescued the inhibitory effect of IFN. These results support the use of IFN as an adjunct therapy for patients with PML. Because IFN cannot cross the blood-brain barrier to achieve its direct antiviral ...
JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? | AACC.orgJC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? | AACC.org
JC virus can cause the serious neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients who are immunocompromised. Presence of JC virus antibodies alone is not enough to diagnose PML, however, because the majority of adults who have been exposed to the virus dont develop symptoms
Mapping the history and current situation of research on John Cunningham virus - a bibliometric analysis | BMC Infectious...Mapping the history and current situation of research on John Cunningham virus - a bibliometric analysis | BMC Infectious...
John Cunningham virus (JCV) constitutes a family of polyoma viruses, which plays important roles in the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and tumorigenesis. However, no bibliometric investigation has been reported to guide the researchers and potential readers. Papers were collected from database Sci-expanded and Pubmed until May 22, 2008. The highly-productive authors, institutes and countries, highly-cited authors and journals were ranked. The highly-cited articles were subjected to co-citation and chronological analysis with highly-frequent MeSH words for co-occurrence analysis. Until now, 1785 articles about JCV were indexed in Sci-expanded and 1506 in Pubmed. The main document type was original article. USA, Japan and Italy were the largest three producers about JCV. Temple University published 128 papers and ranked the top, followed by University of Tokyo. Khalili K and Yogo Y became the core authors due to more than 20 documents produced. Journal of Neurovirology published more
Jc Virus Infection - Articles on Medical Diseases and ConditionsJc Virus Infection - Articles on Medical Diseases and Conditions
The JC virus belongs to the polyoma virus group of the papovavirus family, which are double-stranded DNA viruses without an envelope. BK virus is also in the polyoma virus group. It appears that infection by both viruses occurs during childhood or adolescence, with about 50% of the population demonstrating antibody before adulthood, rising later to 80%-90%. The JC virus localizes to and remains latent in the kidney, from whence it occasionally may reactivate. If a patient becomes immunosuppressed, especially during AIDS, reactivated JC virus can infect lymphocytes, be carried to the brain, infect oligodendroglia glial cells, and produce a demyelinating disease called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. This occurs in about 4% of patients with AIDS. Diagnosis is made through biopsy using immunologic stains containing antibody against polyomavirus. One report applied a homemade nucleic acid probe with PCR amplification to urine of JC virus patients and obtained an excellent detection ...
Natalizumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis associated with JC virus infection | Liberation Treatment CCSVINatalizumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis associated with JC virus infection | Liberation Treatment CCSVI
Treatment with natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) appears linked with JC virus (JCV) infection, which can lead to a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) that destroys the myelin that protects nerve cells.
Mouse polyomavirus-specific CD8+ T cells establish a brain-resident memory population during persistent infection (VIR6P.1174) ...Mouse polyomavirus-specific CD8+ T cells establish a brain-resident memory population during persistent infection (VIR6P.1174) ...
Human JC polyomavirus (JCV) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare but life-threatening demyelinating disease in patients under profound immunosuppression and those receiving therapeutic immunomodulation for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Using persistent mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) infection in mice, we are developing a model of PyV-induced CNS disease to elucidate the role of immunosuppression in PML pathogenesis. Histology revealed corpus callosum demyelination in 100% of persistently infected mice. Following intracerebral injection with MPyV, immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice showed robust infiltration by MPyV-specific CD8 T cells with minimal contraction. During persistent CNS infection, a significant population of CD8 T cells exhibited a tissue-resident memory (Trm) phenotype (CD103+CD69+CD62Llo), as reported for acute VSV and latent HSV-1 infections, and incorporated BrdU in situ, suggesting capacity for self-renewal. Furthermore, these Trm cells develop and ...
John Cunningham peddles false and misleading information | The Crazz FilesJohn Cunningham peddles false and misleading information | The Crazz Files
On my website I have invited medical practitioners and other health professionals to debate the information that I am providing on Australias vaccination policies. John Cunningham decided to take up this offer in February/March 2014. He is a leader of the Stop the Australian Vaccination Network (SAVN) lobby group and a medical practitioner. When responding to my request he chose to send his opinions in unsolicited emails to members of the public, including UOW academics involved with my research and journalists. This occurred whilst I was a student at the University of Wollongong (UOW).. Here are the corrections to the personal opinions and misinformation provided by John Cunningham in unsolicited emails to members of the public and UOW academics in 2014.. Further, in July 2014 John Cunningham, made a complaint to the University of Wollongong about my research project completed in 2006. This research project was a critique of the Australian governments whooping cough policy and the research ...
Igor J. Koralnik - WikipediaIgor J. Koralnik - Wikipedia
Igor Koralnik, MD is an American physician, neurologist and scientist. He is one of the first physicians to study the neurologic complications caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is a leading researcher in the investigation of the polyomavirus JC (JC virus), which causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disease of the central nervous system that occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. Koralnik was born in Geneva, Switzerland on July 20, 1962. He moved to the United States in 1990 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He received his medical degree at the University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland, in 1987. While a medical student, he became interested in a new disease - acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), whose origin in the HIV virus was discovered in 1983. Koralniks doctoral dissertation focused on the early neurological complications of AIDS. He used magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography and other electrophysiologic diagnostic ...
What is the JC virus?What is the JC virus?
the jc virus, or john cunningham virus, is a germ so common that the majority of adults have been exposed to it. the virus was first discovered in 1971, when a doctor found it in the brain of a man wi
Chinazo O. Cunningham, M.D., M.S. | Albert Einstein College of MedicineChinazo O. Cunningham, M.D., M.S. | Albert Einstein College of Medicine
For a comprehensive list of publications, see the PubMed link above. Below is a selection of publications:. Cabral HJ, Tobias C, Rajabiun S, Sohler NL, Cunningham CO, Wong MD, Cunningham WE. Outreach program contacts: Do they increase the likelihood of engagement and retention in HIV primary care for hard-to-reach patients? AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2007 Jun;21(S1):S59-S56.. Cunningham CO, Kunins HV, Roose RJ,Elam RT, Sohler NL. Barriers to Obtaining Waivers to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Addiction Treatment Among HIV Physicians. J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Sep;22(9):1325-9. Epub 2007 Jul 10. PMC2219773. Cunningham CO, Sanchez JP, Heller D, Sohler NL. Assessment of a medical outreach program to improve access to HIV care among marginalized individuals. Am J Public Health. 2007 Oct;97(10):1758-61. Epub 2007 Aug 29. PMC1994196. Cunningham CO, Giovanniello A, Sacajiu G, Whitley S, Mund P, Beil R, Sohler NL. Buprenorphine treatment in an urban community health center: What to expect. Fam Med. 2008 ...
Brain has JC virus and PML - Forum on AIDS-Related Cancers - TheBody.comBrain has JC virus and PML - Forum on AIDS-Related Cancers - TheBody.com
The JC virus is a virus which infects the brain of advanced cancer patients and causes PML-- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. PML can lead to neurologic deficits as indicated in your...
JC viral loads in patients with Crohns disease treated with immunosuppression: can we screen for elevated risk of progressive...JC viral loads in patients with Crohn's disease treated with immunosuppression: can we screen for elevated risk of progressive...
Background and aims: Anti-α4 integrin therapy with natalizumab is efficacious in refractory Crohns disease and in multiple sclerosis, but carries an estimated 1/1000 risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by reactivation of latent JC virus infection. Athough anti-α4 integrin therapies are likely to be introduced in the clinic, screening for the risk of PML has not been developed.. Methods: We prospectively collected urine, serum, plasma and buffy coats from 125 patients with Crohns disease, 100 control subjects with gastrointestinal (GI) disease, and 106 healthy volunteers. Four to eight weeks after this first sample collection, we additionally collected a set of urine, serum, plasma and buffy coat samples from the 125 patients with Crohns disease, and a next set of samples was collected 12-16 weeks after the first collection. JC viral loads were determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and JC virus seroprevalence with a specific ...
JC virus - WikipediaJC virus - Wikipedia
The initial site of infection may be the tonsils,[4] or possibly the gastrointestinal tract.[5] The virus then remains latent in the gastrointestinal tract[6] and can also infect the tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys,[7] where it continues to reproduce, shedding virus particles in the urine. JCV can cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system, where it infects oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, possibly through the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor.[8] JC viral DNA can be detected in both non-PML affected and PML-affected (see below) brain tissue.[9] JCV found in the central nervous system of PML patients almost invariably have differences in promoter sequence to the JCV found in healthy individuals. It is thought that these differences in promoter sequence contribute to the fitness of the virus in the CNS and thus to the development of PML.[3] Certain transcription factors present in the early promoter sequences of the JC virus can induce trophism and viral proliferation that ...
Most recent papers with the keyword JC Virus | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword JC Virus | Read by QxMD
Rapid restoration of virus-specific T immunity via adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated T cells has been proven as a powerful therapy for patients with advanced cancers and refractory viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). BK virus (BKV), John Cunningham virus (JCV), and Merkel cell carcinoma virus (MCV) are the members of the rapidly growing human polyomavirus (hPyV) family that commonly infects most healthy humans. These viruses have a clearly established potential for causing severe end-organ damage or malignant transformation, especially in individuals with weakened immunity who are unable to mount or regain endogenous T-cell responses as a result of underlying leukemia or iatrogenic immunosuppression in autoimmunity, bone marrow and solid organ transplant settings ...
JC virus in bone marrow of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients | BMC Proceedings | Full TextJC virus in bone marrow of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients | BMC Proceedings | Full Text
Of 41 HIV+ patients, 38 were male (93%) and indications for BM biopsies were lymphoma (20), pancytopenia (8), anemia (6), MGUS (2), polycythemia (2), leucopenia (1), splenomegaly (1), and thrombocytopenia (1). Mean age was 47 (range 32-71), mean CD4 count 211 (2-928), 27% had undetectable plasma HIV RNA, and 75% were on HAART. The 47 HIV- controls, matched for indications for BM biopsy, included 32 males (65%), and mean age was 56 (range 27-93). Quantitative PCR detected JCV DNA in BM samples of 19/41 (46%) HIV+ vs 3/47 (6%) of HIV- (p , 0.001). Preliminary immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments suggest that JCV T antigen is detectable in a fraction of JCV DNA positive bone marrows samples, while JCV VP1 protein was not. Furthermore, JCV was detected by double IHC in some of the plasma cells, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. We then tested fresh BM aspirates, blood and urine samples from 30 HIV- and 6 HIV+ patients. JCV DNA was detectable in 10/36 (28%) fresh BM aspirates, 7/26 (27%) peripheral ...
Read the eBook Cunninghams manual of practical anatomy (Volume 1) by D. J. (Daniel John) Cunningham online for free (page 7 of...Read the eBook Cunningham's manual of practical anatomy (Volume 1) by D. J. (Daniel John) Cunningham online for free (page 7 of...
Online etext Cunninghams manual of practical anatomy (Volume 1) by D. J. (Daniel John) Cunningham (page 7 of 44) : the collection of free ebooks
Leslie B. Cunningham, M.D.<...Leslie B. Cunningham, M.D.<...
Once Dr. Cunningham discovered Ophthalmology, he says, there was no second-guessing. He knew he had found his passion, and was determined to use his medical knowledge, curiosity about advanced technologies, and genuine interest in others to help people of all ages achieve the best possible vision. In 1991, Dr. Cunningham joined the Knoxville Ophthalmology practice started by Dr. J. Ed Campbell in 1952, and has been an integral part of a number of firsts achieved by the practice ever since, including: first in the Southeast to perform the Crystalens® procedure, a cataract replacement lens that is also designed to correct vision at all distances and East Tennessees first onsite Custom LASIK surgical facility, the Campbell Cunningham Laser Center.. While hes accomplished a lifetime of goals in less than 25 years in Ophthalmology, Dr. Cunningham is quick to point out that in his precision, technology-based specialty, there is always something new to learn and accomplish. Some of his best teachers ...
Role of the interaction between large T antigen and Rb family members in the oncogenicity of JC virus. | IRIS Università degli...Role of the interaction between large T antigen and Rb family members in the oncogenicity of JC virus. | IRIS Università degli...
Human polyomaviruses (JC virus, BK virus and simian virus 40) are causative agents of some human diseases and, interestingly, are involved in processes of cell transformation and oncogenesis. These viruses need the cell cycle machinery of the host cell to complete their replication; so they evolved mechanisms that can interfere with the growth control of infected cells and force them into DNA replication. The retinoblastoma family of proteins (pRb), which includes pRb/p105, p107 and pRb2/p130, acts as one of the most important regulators of the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Rb proteins represent an important target for viral oncoproteins. Early viral T antigens can bind all members of the pRb family, promoting the activation of the E2F family of transcription factors, thus inducing the expression of genes required for the entry to the S phase. The interaction between early viral antigens and cell cycle regulators represents an important mechanism through which viruses deregulate cell cycle ...
Progressive clumsiness in a patient with prior Hodgkins - BrainWavesProgressive clumsiness in a patient with prior Hodgkins - BrainWaves
The JC virus, or John Cunningham virus, is a member of the polyomavirus family. When youre exposed to it as a kid or young adult, you might not even notice it, or you might notice cold-like symptoms which are self-limiting. Not a huge deal at all. You get infected, you make antibodies, life goes on. As long as youre immunocompetent. But thats not the case in patients with impaired cellular immunity, as in cases of Hodgkins lymphoma (HL).. Although the gold standard for diagnosis is brain biopsy, you dont need tissue to make the diagnosis of PML. In an immunocompromised patient with progressive neurologic changes, youll always need the MRI. This can exclude opportunistic processes like toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, or CNS lymphoma, but will also be important to confirm the presence of white matter disease, which may or may not have enhancement 10-20% of the time, and may or may not have mass effect. Our patient had faint enhancement, as you can see from the images on the blog. Once ...
Bio Matters: Madeleine Cunningham | i2EBio Matters: Madeleine Cunningham | i2E
Cunningham earned an undergraduate degree at Mississippi State College for Women and a Ph.D. in both microbiology and immunology from the University of Tennessee Center for Health Sciences.. Today, she is a George Lynn Cross Research Professor and Presbyterian Health Foundation Presidential Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, where she has taught and conducted research into infection and autoimmune diseases for 33 years.. "My training was in Group A streptococcal disease, but I also love immunology, which is our bodys response to infections," she said.. After researching rheumatic fever, myocarditis and other heart-related diseases for 15 years, Cunningham received a call from the National Institutes of Mental Health. They wanted her to investigate a puzzling condition affecting children known as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with strep, commonly known as PANDAS.. Cunningham became a ...
Lymphocyte transformation in vitro to riii mouse milk antigen among wo by rundles S. Cunningham, W F. Feller et al."Lymphocyte transformation in vitro to riii mouse milk antigen among wo" by rundles S. Cunningham, W F. Feller et al.
Cunningham, rundles S.; Feller, W F.; Cunningham, rundles C.; Dupont, B; Wanebo, H; Oreilly, R; and Good, R A., "Lymphocyte transformation in vitro to riii mouse milk antigen among woman with breast disease." (1976). Subject Strain Bibliography 1976. 2295 ...
Jets Jermaine Cunningham charged with sharing explicit photos - The Register CitizenJets' Jermaine Cunningham charged with sharing explicit photos - The Register Citizen
Prosecutors allege Cunningham violated a law that forbids disclosing photos or videos without the consent of someone "whose intimate parts are exposed" or who is engaged in a sexual act. They say the woman and Cunningham lived together.. ...
Dr. Matthew Cunningham, MD - Orthopedic Surgeon in New York, NYDr. Matthew Cunningham, MD - Orthopedic Surgeon in New York, NY
Dr. Matthew Cunningham, MD of New York, NY patient reviews, appointments, phone number and quality report. Compare Dr. Cunningham to other nearby Orthopedic Surgeons in New York.
Paul James Cunningham // Untitled 2.0 // Geometry of Fear by Untitled 2.0 - issuuPaul James Cunningham // Untitled 2.0 // Geometry of Fear by Untitled 2.0 - issuu
Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get them in front of Issuus millions of monthly readers. Title: Paul James Cunningham // Untitled 2.0 // Geometry of Fear, Author: Untitled 2.0, Name: Paul James Cunningham // Untitled 2.0 // Geometry of Fear, Length: 106 pages, Page: 1, Published: 2017-12-23
Hanselminutes on 9 - Gadget Basement with Ward Cunningham | Hanselminutes On 9 | Channel 9Hanselminutes on 9 - Gadget Basement with Ward Cunningham | Hanselminutes On 9 | Channel 9
Scott stopped by Ward Cunningham (you know, the guy who invented the Wiki. Yes, that Ward Cunningham) to hang out, and discovered Wards treasure trove of electronics, software, soldering guns and we
Obituary for Joan Cunningham Heidelberg | Baird Funeral HomeObituary for Joan Cunningham Heidelberg | Baird Funeral Home
Obituary for Joan Cunningham Heidelberg | JOAN CUNNINGHAM HEIDELBERG, age 87, of Troy, Ohio passed away on Friday, August 14, 2020 at Hospice of Miami County Inpatient Unit in Troy surrounded by love. She was born on October 27,...
The Peter Bullock Lab | SacklerThe Peter Bullock Lab | Sackler
The principal CNS targets for JCV infection are oligodendrocytes (the brain cells that produce myelin). A stable human oligodendrocyte cell line for studies of JCV dependent PML was, however, not previously available. Therefore, we were delighted to report in Peterson et al, 2017 that a human stem cell line termed G144 (Pollard et al, 2009) undergoes differentiation by removal of growth factors (Fig. 1A), express oligodendrocyte specific surface markers (Fig. 1B), has a rapid doubling time (3-5 days) and is stable during passage. Furthermore, we reported that G144 cells support robust levels of JCV DNA replication and infection by JC virus. Thus, we have established the first oligodendrocyte based model system for studies of JCV dependent PML.. ...
Alzheimers Disease Information : NaturalHerbsGuideAlzheimer's Disease Information : NaturalHerbsGuide
Progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys a persons ability to learn, reason, make judgments, communicate and perform daily activities. As this disease progressives the individuals may experience memory loss, this usually occurs more in the short-term memory, changes in personality and behavior, such as anxiety, suspiciousness or agitation, as well as delusions or hallucinations. Brain cells are gradually destroyed and leads to progressive decline in mental functions, No cure is available at this time but their are treatments that can slow the progress of the disease.
Investigation of human JC and BK polyomaviruses in breast carcinomas.Investigation of human JC and BK polyomaviruses in breast carcinomas.
Greenmedinfo.com - Natural Health Resource - The worlds most widely referenced, open access, natural medicine database, with 30,000+ study abstracts and growing daily
ClinMed International Library | fulltext | Screening for the Polyomaviruses BKV, JCV and SV40 in Pediatric MalignanciesClinMed International Library | fulltext | Screening for the Polyomaviruses BKV, JCV and SV40 in Pediatric Malignancies
Different studies suggested an oncogenic potential of the polyomaviruses JC virus, BK virus and simian virus 40, particularly in brain tumors and neuroblastoma, which belong to the most frequent malignancies in children. However, currently available data are controversial, possibly due to the different regional prevalence of the viruses and the detection techniques used.
Wheelchair Kamikaze: October 2014Wheelchair Kamikaze: October 2014
While it would be extremely concerning if the patient in question developed PML while her lymphocyte counts remained at acceptable levels, the facts as now known indicate that this simply was not the case. Given the immunosuppressive properties of Tecfidera, it would appear to be vitally important that patients be regularly tested to check their white blood cell counts. It would seem that the FDA suggestion of once yearly blood tests is insufficient, and I know many neurologists are checking their patients much more frequently, more on the order of at least once every three months. Monitoring for JC virus might make sense if PML were to be seen in Tecfidera patients not experiencing severe lymphopenia, but at this point the available evidence doesnt seem to merit the taking of this extra step. Then again, any extra bit of information is valuable, and Id imagine that some neurologists might Institute testing for JC virus in their Tecfidera patients on their own. Tecfidera is proving to be quite ...
JC Virus Detection by In Situ Hybridization - St. Lukes Hospital Cedar RapidsJC Virus Detection by In Situ Hybridization - St. Lukes Hospital Cedar Rapids
Specimen Type: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue block. Supplies: Pathology Packaging Kit (T554). Specimen Volume: Entire block. Specimen Type: Slides. Slides: 4 Unstained glass, positively charged slides with 5 (+ or - 1)-microns formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. ...
JC virus induces altered patterns of cellular gene expression: Interferon-inducible genes as major transcriptional targets. :...JC virus induces altered patterns of cellular gene expression: Interferon-inducible genes as major transcriptional targets. :...
Verma S, Ziegler K, Ananthula P, Co J K G, Frisque R J, Yanagihara R, Nerurkar V R (2006); Virology, 345:457-467. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.10.012. ...
John M. Cunningham, MD - UChicago MedicineJohn M. Cunningham, MD - UChicago Medicine
John M. Cunningham, MD, is an internationally known expert in the treatment and research of childhood cancers and blood diseases.
Cunningham, Patricia - Early Detection Research NetworkCunningham, Patricia - Early Detection Research Network
Cunningham, Patricia https://edrn.nci.nih.gov/sites/5-fred-hutchinson-cancer-research-center/cunningham-patricia https://edrn.nci.nih.gov/logo.png ...
Buy Bard Cunningham Penile Clamp [Incontinence Clamp]Buy Bard Cunningham Penile Clamp [Incontinence Clamp]
Bard Cunningham Clamp is used for controlling enuresis, stress incontinence, or dribbling of urine in males of all ages. Reusable. FSA Approved. Shop Now!
IMOGEN CUNNINGHAM (American, 1883-1976). Nude, 1932. | Lot #74056 | Heritage AuctionsIMOGEN CUNNINGHAM (American, 1883-1976). Nude, 1932. | Lot #74056 | Heritage Auctions
IMOGEN CUNNINGHAM (American, 1883-1976) Nude, 1932 Gelatin silver, circa 1950 6-3/4 x 8-7/8 inches (17.1 x 22.5 - Available at 2011 May New York Signature...
Tiny cars no toys for Cunningham remote control racers • TimesLedgerTiny cars no toys for Cunningham remote control racers • TimesLedger
Like other vehicles in its class, it accelerated faster than the automobiles most people drive and shifted through its gears while reaching rpms of 30,000 to 40,000.Simply put, it and the other radio-controlled race cars of the Queens United R/C Club may only be a foot long, but childrens toys they are not."Anything you can get for your car you can get for one of these cars," said club member Frank Freni, 36, of Queens Village.Every Sunday from April to October, and some Saturdays, too, radio-controlled-car enthusiasts from around the borough gather in a Cunningham parking lot under the auspices of Queens United to run their cars, work on their equipment and occasionally race against each other.The meetings, now in their second season, are comprised of a dozen club members who have each paid a $50 yearly fee, plus additional hangers-on and passers-by. Queens United was founded last year by Mark Salonger, 47, a former computer network engineer from Forest Hills, who became disabled after a ...
Drs. Campbell Cunningham Taylor & Haun Archives - Page 2 of 2 - LASIK Knoxville | Cataract Surgery Knoxville | Cosmetic Eye...Drs. Campbell Cunningham Taylor & Haun Archives - Page 2 of 2 - LASIK Knoxville | Cataract Surgery Knoxville | Cosmetic Eye...
Macular degeneration is a disease that causes reduction in central vision. The patient still has peripheral or side vision, but central vision-where we see the clearest, sharpest images-slowly diminishes.. The macula is a small nerve layer on the retina. Its located in the back of the eye, and is only about the size of a pinhead. But this nerve layer is essential to our seeing fine detail. As macular degeneration progresses, it slowly causes the ability to see details to disappear. Images may appear distorted, or parts of them may be missing. The disease may slowly continue to progress, robbing the patient of critical visual ability.. The cause of macular degeneration is uncertain though heredity, age and general health may be factors. Exposure to ultraviolet light, smoking or other environmental factors may also contribute. Currently, there is no cure. But, there are new treatments for the disease that are showing promise. Drs. Campbell, Cunningham, Taylor & Haun offer comprehensive care for ...
Students get extension for VISIONs J-term trips - TommieMediaStudents get extension for VISION's J-term trips - TommieMedia
VISION Director Jacob Cunningham said the deadline was extended to 11:59 p.m. Friday, Oct. 21, because the program doesnt have enough people signed up.. "We didnt get the number we wanted to fill our trips," Cunningham said. "This year we are offering more trips than in years past, so we have more spots available.". Cunningham attributes a decline in this years applicants to the current economy.. "There is less money to do things that dont count towards your degree," Cunningham said.. Freshman Kate Kollmann said this is whats holding her back.. "If I was going on a J-term trip and paying that money, I would want to make sure I got a class (credit) for it," Kollmann said. "That is the only drawback for me.". Junior Billy Kor agrees.. "The only thing that really hinders me is the cost," Kor said.. However, senior Craig Spooner cites other reasons, "I have thought about going on trips before a bunch of times. Its not like it costs a bunch of money… it just didnt work out for me at the ...
Imogen Cunningham Photography - Holden Luntz GalleryImogen Cunningham Photography - Holden Luntz Gallery
Imogen Cunningham was the quintessential American woman photographer of the twentieth century and an artist whose expansive vision created many great icons
Dr. Mary Cunningham, MD - Bee Cave, TX - Dermatology | Healthgrades.comDr. Mary Cunningham, MD - Bee Cave, TX - Dermatology | Healthgrades.com
Visit Healthgrades for information on Dr. Mary Cunningham, MD Find Phone & Address information, medical practice history, affiliated hospitals and more.
Gelatin-silver Photographic Print and Narrative of Adeline Cunningham, Texas, ca. 1937-1938 | U.S. Capitol Visitor CenterGelatin-silver Photographic Print and Narrative of Adeline Cunningham, Texas, ca. 1937-1938 | U.S. Capitol Visitor Center
Adeline Cunningham was born in 1852 and held in bondage by Washington Greenlee Foley on his vast Texas corn and cotton plantation. She described to the interviewer the horrendous, inhumane conditions of life on Foleys large farm, where slaves were treated as if they were animals and brutally punished for trying to escape. Prints and Photographs Division; Manuscript Division, Library of Congress deys afraid iffen de slaves learns to read dey learns how to run away. One of de slaves runs away and dey ketches him and puts his eyes out.
Dr. Paul Y. Cunningham III | Houston MethodistDr. Paul Y. Cunningham III | Houston Methodist
Dr. Paul Y. Cunningham III is a specialist in Preventive Cardiology, Vascular Medicine, Interventional Cardiology, Cardiology who can be reached at 936.270.3933 and whose practice locations include: The Woodlands, Conroe
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy - a case reportProgressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy - a case report
CLINICAL IMAGES. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy - a case report. Mala Modi. Dr Modi is a senior radiologist and senior lecturer in the Department of Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. She is author of numerous papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals and is assistant editor of the South African Journal of Radiology.. Correspondence. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease caused by the human neurotropic JC (John Cunningham) virus, a polyomavirus.1,2. Following on the worldwide HIV/AIDS pandemic there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of PML. However, cases of PML, an AIDS-defining illness, have rarely been reported from Africa, an area where HIV-1 clade C infection predominates.3-5. Clinical and imaging details. A 27-year-old woman presented to Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, with new-onset seizures. She was heterosexual, did not abuse intravenous drugs, and was retroviral ...
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug Market 2019: Global Industry In Depth Research and Forecast 2025 - Economy...Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug Market 2019: Global Industry In Depth Research and Forecast 2025 - Economy...
Niche market research report on Global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug Market 2019-2025 by industry driving factors, size, trends & key players.. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES, December 10, 2019 /EINPresswire.com/ - The report comes out as an intelligent and thorough assessment tool as well as a great resource that will help you to secure a position of strength in the global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug market. It includes Porters Five Forces and PESTLE analysis to equip your business with critical information and comparative data about the Global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug Market. We have provided deep analysis of the vendor landscape to give you a complete picture of current and future competitive scenarios of the global Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Drug market. Our analysts use the latest primary and secondary research techniques and tools to prepare comprehensive and accurate market research reports.. Each ...
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Investigation of three cases using in situ hybridization with JC virus biotinylated...Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Investigation of three cases using in situ hybridization with JC virus biotinylated...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. T2 - Investigation of three cases using in situ hybridization with JC virus biotinylated DNA probe. AU - Aksamit, Allen J.. AU - Mourrain, Pascale. AU - Sever, John L.. AU - Major, Eugene O.. PY - 1985/10. Y1 - 1985/10. N2 - Using the technique of in situ DNA‐to‐DNA hybridization, a JC virus biotinylated DNA probe was developed and applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, or fixed, frozen sections of brain tissue from three subjects with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Light microscopy was carried out to correlate the presence of JC virus DNA with the selective infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in PML. Oligodendrocytes (lytically infected) showed the greatest evidence of viral DNA. More astrocytes showing bizarre morphological changes had evidence of viral DNA than did astrocytes that were simply reactive. Viral DNA was not evident in vascular endothelial cells using this technique. Viral DNA ...
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: a Case Study - RedorbitProgressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: a Case Study - Redorbit
By McCalmont, Vicki Bennett, Kristi Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare, highly fatal demyelinating brain infection caused by the JC virus. This infection is associated with immunosuppressive agents and is emerging in the transplant population. There has never been a documented case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a transplant recipient receiving sirolimus. We present a study, in which the JC virus was found in a 68-year-old man who had received a postorthotopic heart transplant 3 years earlier and who was receiving sirolimus and prednisone for immunosuppression. We review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and the outcomes of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients. (Progress in Transplantation. 2007; 17:157- 160) CASE Study A 65-year-old white man received an orthotopic heart transplant for idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Triple immunosuppression with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisone ...
Progressive Multifocal LeukoencephalopathyProgressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
... (PML) is a rare, life-threatening disease that is characterized by focal neurological deficits. It is caused by the John Cunningham virus (JC virus), which is usually contracted during childhood but is asymptomatic until the virus is reactivated later in life due to weakened immune status. The clinical manifestations are consistent with findings on brain imaging or biopsy. Since this disease is fatal, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are imperative.… Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalitis): Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A review of the literature...Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A review of the literature...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. T2 - A review of the literature with a report of sixteen cases. AU - Berger, J. R.. AU - Kaszovitz, B.. AU - Post, M. J.D.. AU - Dickinson, G.. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a common complication of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), occurs in as many as 3.8% of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report 16 cases and review 12 previously reported cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with HIV infection. This illness was the presenting manifestation of HIV infection in 8 cases. Limb weakness, gait abnormalities, visual loss, and altered mental status were the commonest initial complaints. Computed tomography of the brain frequently showed hypodense, nonenhancing white matter lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive than computed tomography in detecting ...
A case of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy while | TCRMA case of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy while | TCRM
A case of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy while using rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus Yuichi Ishikawa, Tadamichi Kasuya, Junichi Ishikawa, Michio Fujiwara, Yasuhiko Kita Department of Rheumatology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Abstract: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a central nervous system infection caused by John Cunningham (JC) virus reactivation in an immunocompromised patient. PML has various neurologic symptoms and has very poor prognosis. A 36-year-old man developed transverse myelitis and had a psychiatric disorder at the age of 26. He was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), on the basis of leukopenia and presence of anti-DNA and anti-nuclear antibodies. Treatment with glucocorticoid (GC) was started, and remission was introduced. Six months before PML onset, his condition was complicated with hemophagocytic
Viral Trafficking pathways of JC virus to the brain in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyViral Trafficking pathways of JC virus to the brain in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a highly fatal, demyelinating disease of the brain caused by lytic infection of oligodendrocytes with the JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Emergence of PML is considered rare and is always associated with an underlying deficit in immune surveillance. In accordance, the majority of PML cases are detected ... read more in patients with HIV-induced severe immunodeficiencies. Fortunately, the introduction of cART significantly reduced the incidence of PML in HIV-infected patients. In 2005, however, a surprising increase in PML cases was observed with the use of monoclonal antibodies, including natalizumab and rituximab. As these therapies modulate the immune system rather than suppressing it, questions were raised regarding the conventional route of JCPyV pathogenesis. Owing to the lack of both animal models, and sufficient in vitro models to sustain effective replication of JCPyV, the mechanisms of JC virus infection remain largely uncertain and current ...
Can certain HIV drugs prevent the John Cunningham virus from causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?Can certain HIV drugs prevent the John Cunningham virus from causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?
certain hiv drugs may make your immune system stronger and help prevent the virus from causing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml). these drugs have become more common, so the number of p
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.orgProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease which results from the reactivation of John Cunningham virus (JC virus) infecting oligodendrocytes in patients with compromised immune systems. It is considered the most ...
CiteSeerX - Citation Query JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the...CiteSeerX - Citation Query JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the...
CiteSeerX - Scientific documents that cite the following paper: JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the viral burden in cerebrospinal fluid, patient survival, and the volume of neurological lesions. Clin. Infect. Dis
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.orgProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating disease which results from the JC virus infecting oligodendrocytes. It is considered the most common clinical manifestation of JC virus infection in the brain.
What Is Microbiology - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - MedicalrealmWhat Is Microbiology - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - Medicalrealm
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by human polyomavirus ( JC virus). JC virus is detected by polymerase chain reaction of the brain biopsy or cerebral spinal fluid of the patient.
Clinical outcome of long-term survivors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &...Clinical outcome of long-term survivors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &...
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the brain caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV) in immunosuppressed people. There is no cure for PML but 1-year survival has increased from 10% to 50% in HIV-infected individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. We describe herein the clinical outcome of 24 PML patients whose survival exceeded 5 years, with a mean follow-up of 94.2 months (range, 60-188 months). Of all patients, only two were females including one who had non-Hodgkins lymphoma and was HIV negative. All 23 HIV-positive patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy, and additional experimental therapies were not associated with a better clinical outcome.. Marked neurological improvement occurred in 4/24 (17%) of patients, while 11/24 (46%) had partial improvement and 9/24 (37%) remained stable. By the end of the period of observation, 8/24 (33%) of patients had no significant disability despite persistent symptoms (modified ...
Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials...Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials...
This study will identify genetic factors associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PML is a life-threatening infection of the brain that affects about 5 percent of untreated patients with AIDS. Its symptoms include mental deterioration, vision loss, speech disturbances, ataxia (inability to coordinate movements), paralysis, and coma. PML is caused by a polyomavirus called the JC virus.. It is estimated that up to 80 percent of the human population has been exposed to the JC virus, but the disease is very rare. The virus only becomes active in people who have compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing immune suppressive chemotherapy for cancer and those with damaged immune systems due to HIV.. Patients who have participated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study may be eligible for this study, as well as healthy normal volunteers who will serve as controls. The study will review clinical ...
Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials...Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials...
This study will identify genetic factors associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PML is a life-threatening infection of the brain that affects about 5 percent of untreated patients with AIDS. Its symptoms include mental deterioration, vision loss, speech disturbances, ataxia (inability to coordinate movements), paralysis, and coma. PML is caused by a polyomavirus called the JC virus.. It is estimated that up to 80 percent of the human population has been exposed to the JC virus, but the disease is very rare. The virus only becomes active in people who have compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing immune suppressive chemotherapy for cancer and those with damaged immune systems due to HIV.. Patients who have participated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study may be eligible for this study, as well as healthy normal volunteers who will serve as controls. The study will review clinical ...
An Unusual Case of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Non-traditional Risk Factors | OMICS...An Unusual Case of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient with Non-traditional Risk Factors | OMICS...
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a frequently fatal demyelinating condition of the central nervous system in which reactivation of the human polyomavir..
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
... (PML) is a neurological disorder that damages the myelin that covers and protects nerves in the white matter of the brain. It is caused by the JC virus (JCV). By age 10, most people have been infected with this virus, but it rarely causes symptoms unless the immune system becomes severely weakened. The disease occurs, rarely, in organ transplant patients; people undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy; and individuals with cancer, such as HodgkinÕs disease, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis. PML is most common among individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS ...
Aids-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a retrospective study in a referral center in São Paulo, BrazilAids-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a retrospective study in a referral center in São Paulo, Brazil
INTRODUCTION. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the virus JC and characterized by lytic infection of the oligodendrocytes and demyelination10, tipically occuring in the context of severe immunodepression. After the advent of the HIV epidemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) became the most common predisposing disorder for PML1. This disease has been diagnosed in up to 5% of HIV-infected patients in developed countries in the pre highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era10. However, the incidence of PML has decreased less dramatically when compared to other CNS diseases in the HAART era6,21. Interestingly, PML has rarely been reported in HIV-infected patients from developing countries8,11,12. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and radiological features of patients with PML and estimate its frequency among AIDS patients with CNS opportunistic diseases admitted in a referral center in ...
Full text] Madelungs disease - progressive, excessive, and symmetric | DMSOFull text] Madelung's disease - progressive, excessive, and symmetric | DMSO
Madelungs disease - progressive, excessive, and symmetrical deposition of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer: case report and literature review Monika Szewc,1 Robert Sitarz,1-3 Nina Moroz,2 Ryszard Maciejewski,1,* Ryszard Wierzbicki2,4,* 1Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; 2Department of Surgery with Trauma, Orthopaedic and Urological Subunit, Independent Public Health Care Center of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Lublin, Lublin, Poland; 3Department of Surgery, St Johns Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Madelungs disease is a rare disorder described for the first time in the year 1846 by Brodie. It is characterized by the occurrence of progressive, excessive, and symmetrical deposits of adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer. Most often, these changes concern the neck, the nape of the neck, arms, and upper
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment.Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment.
Author(s): Berger, Joseph R; Cree, Bruce A; Greenberg, Benjamin; Hemmer, Bernhard; Ward, Brian J; Dong, Victor M; Merschhemke, Martin | Abstract: OBJECTIVE:We describe the characteristics of the 15 patients with fingolimod-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) identified from the Novartis data safety base and provide risk estimates for the disorder. METHODS:The Novartis safety database was searched for PML cases with a data lock point of August 31, 2017. PML classification was based on previously published criteria. The risk and incidence were estimated using the 15 patients with confirmed PML and the overall population of patients treated with fingolimod. RESULTS:As of August 31, 2017, 15 fingolimod-treated patients had developed PML in the absence of natalizumab treatment in the preceding 6 months. Eleven (73%) were women and the mean age was 53 years (median: 53 years). Fourteen of the 15 patients were treated with fingolimod for >2 years. Two patients had confounding medical
What Is Microbiology - Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - MedicalrealmWhat Is Microbiology - Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - Medicalrealm
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating disease ( AIDS defining illness) which affect the brain. Patient may complain with vision and speech abnormalities and alteration of the mental function.Patient may fall into coma and death.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders - Merck Manuals Consumer VersionProgressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders - Merck Manuals Consumer Version
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.
Rare Diseases: Progressive Multifocal LeukoencephalopathyRare Diseases: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, also known as PML, is a neurological disorder that affects the cells that produce myelin (better known as the white matter of the brain), the substance that envelops the neurons.
Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyDiagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
... relies on assessing the white matter of the brain on a computed tomography scan or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - Pipeline Insight, 2017 - RnR Market ResearchProgressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - Pipeline Insight, 2017 - RnR Market Research
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - Pipeline Insight, 2017 is a market research report available at US $1250 for a Single User PDF License from RnR Market Research Reports Library.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy | Blake Medical Center | Bradenton, FLProgressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy | Blake Medical Center | Bradenton, FL
Learn more about Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy at Blake Medical Center DefinitionCausesRisk FactorsSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionrevision ...
Leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva como manifestação inicial da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquiridaLeucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva como manifestação inicial da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida
LIMA, Marcus Aurelho de; ANDRADE, Fabiana Valente de; ETCHEBEHERE, Renata Margarida and SILVA-VERGARA, Mario León. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. [online]. 1998, vol.31, n.6, pp.569-574. ISSN 0037-8682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86821998000600011.. This is a report of a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented acutely ill with severe progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) as the first manifestation of AIDS. PML was diagnosed in the brain after gross and microscopical examination as well as by immunohistochemistry with an antibody against JC virus.. Keywords : Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Central nervous system; JC virus. ...
Changes in JC Virus-Specific T Cell Responses during Natalizumab Treatment and in Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal...Changes in JC Virus-Specific T Cell Responses during Natalizumab Treatment and in Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal...
Author Summary Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a complication of treatment with natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohns disease. PML results from a failure of the immune system to control replication of JC virus (JCV) in the brain. We studied the T cell responses of 8 patients with MS who were starting treatment with natalizumab, 10 healthy volunteers, and 4 patients with natalizumab-associated PML. The magnitude and quality of JCV-specific immune responses remained unchanged after starting natalizumab. However, applying the same methods and antigens, we found that immune responses in the individuals who developed PML differed from those in the MS patients and healthy volunteers. In the four patients with PML from whom the laboratory had identified JCV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), two had no measurable T cell response to JCV and two had T cells that produced IL-10, an anti-inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, we studied the CSF of 10 patients with
Detection of JC Virus DNA in Human Tonsil Tissue: Evidence for Site of Initial Viral Infection | Journal of VirologyDetection of JC Virus DNA in Human Tonsil Tissue: Evidence for Site of Initial Viral Infection | Journal of Virology
We previously showed that, in addition to human glial cells, JCV could infect tonsillar lymphocytes and stromal cells in vitro (29). The anatomical location of tonsils and the susceptibility of lymphocytes and stromal cells, both of which are present in tonsils, to JCV infection make it plausible that JCV infection can occur via a respiratory route. We used n-PCR amplification to determine whether DNA from nondissected tonsillar tissue, isolated tonsillar lymphocytes, and isolated stromal cells of healthy individuals contained JCV-specific nucleotide sequences. Of 54 tonsils from immunocompetent children and adult donors, 19 (35%) were positive for the JCV T-protein sequences and 21 (39%) were positive for the regulatory-region sequences. We also showed by n-PCR amplification that DNA of isolated tonsillar lymphocytes and stromal cells contained JCV-specific T-protein and regulatory-region sequences (Table 1). The lower percentage of n-PCR products found in tonsillar stromal cells could be ...
Neurowiki2012 - Progressive Multifocal LeukoencephalopathyNeurowiki2012 - Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
JC viral infection normally tends to take place during early childhood; however, this archetype remains asymptomatic taking sanctuary in the kidneys and B. lymphocytes throughout later years [5]. The JC virus belongs to the Polyomaviridae family of viruses and is closely related to four other polyomaviruses: BKV, WUV, KIV, and MCV. The degree of homology (69-75%) between the JC viral genome and that of the simian virus 40 and BK virus confirms the close evolutionary relationship of these three polyoma viruses [5]. Theses viruses biologically differ with respect to the extent of divergence pertaining to the promoter-enhancer sequences [5]. The JC virus has a closed, circular genome containing double stranded ...
Download Biopsy Interpretation of the Central Nervous System by Matthew J. Schniederjan MD, Daniel J. Brat MD PhD PDF - Gomad...Download Biopsy Interpretation of the Central Nervous System by Matthew J. Schniederjan MD, Daniel J. Brat MD PhD PDF - Gomad...
Perinuclear clearing, or "haloes," is a typical feature of oligodendrogliomas, but it can also decorate the cells of astrocytomas. In such cases, nuclear pleomorphism and irregularity favor astrocytic differentiation. By definition, necrosis and endothelial proliferation are absent. According to WHO grading, a single mitotic figure is not sufficient to raise the grade of an infiltrating astrocytoma to grade III. This practice is based on a large series by Giannini et al. who found no significant difference in survival between ordinary grade II lesions and those that showed a single mitotic figure [14]. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1993; 187(1):233-40. 65. , Incidence and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy over 20 years of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(10):1459-66. 66. , Determinants of survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ...
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - Itoh - 2006 - Arthritis &...Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - Itoh - 2006 - Arthritis &...
A 40-year-old woman (patient 3) had an 8-year history of SLE, along with leukocytopenia and a lupus profundus on her face and arms. She developed dysarthria, left-side hemiplegia, and a disturbance of consciousness; she had been taking 10 mg/day of prednisolone. An MRI examination revealed a low-intensity area on T1-weighted images and a high-intensity area on T2-weighted images in the right front parietal and left parietal white matter (Figure 1B). A PCR analysis of a CSF sample detected a PML-type JC virus DNA, confirming the diagnosis. Despite 4 times monthly administration of 250 mg of cidofovir, her neurologic findings worsened to those of a vegetative state. She died 20 months after the onset of her neurologic symptoms.. In all 3 patients, a CSF examination showed normal numbers of cells and normal levels of protein and glucose. The IgG index and albumin index were not elevated. Serologic testing for HIV yielded negative results. The patients were negative for antiphospholipid antibodies, ...
Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal JC polyomavirus VP1-specific antibodies as candidate therapeutics for progressive...Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal JC polyomavirus VP1-specific antibodies as candidate therapeutics for progressive...
In immunocompromised individuals, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) may mutate and gain access to the central nervous system resulting in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an often fatal opportunistic infection for which no treatments are currently available. Despite recent progress, the contribution of JCPyV-specific humoral immunity to controlling asymptomatic infection throughout life and to eliminating JCPyV from the brain is poorly understood. We examined antibody responses against JCPyV major capsid protein VP1 (viral protein 1) variants in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy donors (HDs), JCPyV-positive multiple sclerosis patients treated with the anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody natalizumab (NAT), and patients with NAT-associated PML. Before and during PML, CSF antibody responses against JCPyV VP1 variants show "recognition holes"; however, upon immune reconstitution, CSF antibody titers rise, then recognize PML-associated JCPyV VP1 variants, and may be involved in ...
JC viremia and multiple sclerosis | IRIS Università di PisaJC viremia and multiple sclerosis | IRIS Università di Pisa
Abstract Following the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in two multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with natalizumab and interferon-beta (IFNbeta), a possible correlation between JC virus (JCV), the etiological agent of PML, and MS has received heightened interest. In particular, attention has focused on assessing whether IFNbeta treatment could affect the replication of JCV and thus its frequency in the peripheral blood of MS patients and whether the presence of JCV DNA in peripheral blood could be a predictive marker of the risk of developing PML. In order to answer to these questions, peripheral blood samples were collected from 59 INFbeta-treated, 39 untreated relapsing-remitting MS patients, and 98 healthy controls (HCs) and JCV DNA levels were determined and quantified by means of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay. Overall, no differences were found in the presence or viral load of JCV DNA of MS patients and the HCs, but JCV DNA was ...
NeurologyWire | Promising Results Published for Pembrolizumab to Treat Progressive Multifocal LeukoencephalopathyNeurologyWire | Promising Results Published for Pembrolizumab to Treat Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
As published in the New England Journal of Medicine, positive results have been seen in a small study of pembrolizumab (Keytruda; Merck, Kenilworth, NJ) for treatment of progressive multifocal le…
Acquired haemophilia A complicating alemtuzumab therapy for multiple sclerosis -- McCaughan et al. 2017 -- BMJ Case ReportsAcquired haemophilia A complicating alemtuzumab therapy for multiple sclerosis -- McCaughan et al. 2017 -- BMJ Case Reports
Alemtuzumab is a highly efficacious therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), but uncoupling of T and B cell repopulation during immune reconstitution associates with an increasing range of secondary B cell-mediated autoimmune complications. A 34-year-old woman developed Graves disease 11 months following an initial course of alemtuzumab treatment for MS. Nine months following the second treatment with alemtuzumab, the patient presented with spontaneous intramuscular and subcutaneous haemorrhage due to development of an inhibitory autoantibody to coagulation factor VIII. Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is an extremely rare complication in patients treated with alemtuzumab. Treatment with rituximab may induce a rapid remission of AHA; however, the patients high John Cunningham virus (JCV) antibody index and alemtuzumab-induced T cell lymphopenia may lead to an increased risk of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, a potential complication which was unacceptable to the ...
Natalizumab (Tysabri)Natalizumab (Tysabri)
How long do I need to take natalizumab (Tysabri). Tysabri is designed to be taken as maintenance treatment to treat and prevent flares of Crohns disease. But the longer you are on Tysabri, the greater the risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare brain disorder caused by the activation of the polyomavirus JC virus in people with suppressed immune systems.. You and your care team will need to weigh the risks and benefits of long-term use of Tysabri.. Taking probiotics while Pregnant. Women planning to become pregnant should discuss their treatment options with their care team in clinic. It is generally advised that you continue with maintenance treatment throughout pregnancy. An uncontrolled flare can be harmful to the fetus and increase the risk of miscarriage.. Yet the safety data on the use of natalizumab (Tysabri) during pregnancy and breastfeeding is limited.. A Tysabri pregnancy registry has been established to monitor maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnant ...
ASMscience | PolyomavirusesASMscience | Polyomaviruses
Polyomaviruses are widely distributed in humans and other animal species. Polyomaviruses were initially considered a genus within the family Papovaviridae, which included papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses. Simian virus 40 (SV40) produces renal involvement in its simian host, as do JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) in humans. The major known site of BKV persistence is the renal tubular epithelium, and persistent infection of renal tubular epithelium cells, like that seen with JCV and with mouse pneumotropic virus (MPtV), appears to involve not a state of viral latency but rather ongoing productive infection at low level. Those which predispose to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) are not fully understood. A group of investigators has attempted to duplicate PCR isolation of polyomaviruses from the same tumor material in different laboratories. In this study, PCR analysis of the same 225 brain tumor samples was carried out in two geographically separated laboratories. Earlier, the use of
804 F2d 1066 Cunningham v. City of Overland State of Missouri | OpenJurist804 F2d 1066 Cunningham v. City of Overland State of Missouri | OpenJurist
19. In this case, sufficient evidence was offered showing willful violation by the appellants of the rights of Cunningham and Seiler Enterprises. An audiotape of the August 8, 1983, Board meeting was played to the jury at trial. It revealed that the city attorney repeatedly cautioned the Board against denying Cunningham and Seiler Enterprises a merchants license. The attorney, for example, advised that if such action were taken, this would be "the perfect case where youre liable to get sued." Before the vote of the Board, the mayor stated "remember the remarks that Mr. Selner [the city attorney] said, if you disallow this thing your leaving yourself open for a lawsuit." From the audiotape it is apparent that the appellants acted without legitimate reason in blatant disregard of the city attorneys legal judgment in denying Cunningham and Seiler Enterprises a merchants license. Furthermore, Cunningham and Seiler Enterprises offered evidence that alderperson Jean McCandless had been aiding ...
abnormal mri brain Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - Radiology Imagingabnormal mri brain Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy - Radiology Imaging
Viral hepatitis Acute viral hepatitis may be caused by one of several viruses: A, B, C, D or E. The viruses which cause hepatitis B, C an ...
Side Effect: Neurological (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - PML)Side Effect: Neurological (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - PML)
Drug Injury Watch provides developing information about prescription drug side effects as well as up-to-date news from the legal, medical, FDA, and pharmaceutical sectors.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder.govProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder.gov
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JC Antibody Status May Predict PML Risk for MS Drug | Medpage TodayJC Antibody Status May Predict PML Risk for MS Drug | Medpage Today
The label for natalizumab (Tysabri) may soon sport a suggestion that patients be tested for JC virus infection, so that the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) can be better evalu
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JC virus - WikipediaJC virus - Wikipedia
What is the JC virus?What is the JC virus?
Brain has JC virus and PML - Forum on AIDS-Related Cancers - TheBody.comBrain has JC virus and PML - Forum on AIDS-Related Cancers - TheBody.com
JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? | AACC.orgJC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? | AACC.org
Most recent papers with the keyword JC Virus | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword JC Virus | Read by QxMD
Jc Virus Infection - Articles on Medical Diseases and ConditionsJc Virus Infection - Articles on Medical Diseases and Conditions
JC Virus Detection by In Situ Hybridization - St. Lukes Hospital Cedar RapidsJC Virus Detection by In Situ Hybridization - St. Lukes Hospital Cedar Rapids
Neuroimmune regulation of neurotropic JC virus by SF2/ASF in glial cells - Ilker SariyerNeuroimmune regulation of neurotropic JC virus by SF2/ASF in glial cells - Ilker Sariyer
Natalizumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis associated with JC virus infection | Liberation Treatment CCSVINatalizumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis associated with JC virus infection | Liberation Treatment CCSVI
JC virus in bone marrow of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients | BMC Proceedings | Full TextJC virus in bone marrow of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients | BMC Proceedings | Full Text
JC virus induces altered patterns of cellular gene expression: Interferon-inducible genes as major transcriptional targets. :...JC virus induces altered patterns of cellular gene expression: Interferon-inducible genes as major transcriptional targets. :...
The Peter Bullock Lab | SacklerThe Peter Bullock Lab | Sackler
Role of the interaction between large T antigen and Rb family members in the oncogenicity of JC virus. | IRIS Università degli...Role of the interaction between large T antigen and Rb family members in the oncogenicity of JC virus. | IRIS Università degli...
JC viral loads in patients with Crohns disease treated with immunosuppression: can we screen for elevated risk of progressive...JC viral loads in patients with Crohn's disease treated with immunosuppression: can we screen for elevated risk of progressive...
What illness can the JC virus cause?What illness can the JC virus cause?
JC virus antibody status underestimates infection rates. - PubMed - NCBIJC virus antibody status underestimates infection rates. - PubMed - NCBI
139380: JC Virus DNA, PCR, Urine | LabCorp139380: JC Virus DNA, PCR, Urine | LabCorp
139370: JC Virus DNA, PCR, Whole Blood | LabCorp139370: JC Virus DNA, PCR, Whole Blood | LabCorp
CiteSeerX - Antibodies to JC and BK viruses among persons with non-Hodgkin lymphomaCiteSeerX - Antibodies to JC and BK viruses among persons with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Generic VB.jc!FE8028B7959F | Virus Profile & Definition | McAfee Inc.Generic VB.jc!FE8028B7959F | Virus Profile & Definition | McAfee Inc.
Typing of urinary JC virus DNA offers a novel means of tracing human migrations | PNASTyping of urinary JC virus DNA offers a novel means of tracing human migrations | PNAS
JC Virus and MS: What You Need to Know | Everyday HealthJC Virus and MS: What You Need to Know | Everyday Health
IFN-Gamma Inhibits JC Virus Replication in Glial Cells by Suppressing T-Antigen ExpressionIFN-Gamma Inhibits JC Virus Replication in Glial Cells by Suppressing T-Antigen Expression
Critical role of JC virus-specific CD4 T-cell responses in preventing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. - PubMed -...Critical role of JC virus-specific CD4 T-cell responses in preventing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. - PubMed -...
JC Virus- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) Flashcards | QuizletJC Virus- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) Flashcards | Quizlet
JC virus | definition of JC virus by Medical dictionaryJC virus | definition of JC virus by Medical dictionary
Asymptomatic Reactivation of JC Virus in Patients Treated with NatalizumabAsymptomatic Reactivation of JC Virus in Patients Treated with Natalizumab
Observational Study of Tysabri in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Anti-JC Virus Antibody Negative Participants ...Observational Study of Tysabri in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Anti-JC Virus Antibody Negative Participants ...
CiteSeerX - Citation Query JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the...CiteSeerX - Citation Query JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the...
FDA Updates TYSABRI® (natalizumab) Label to Include Anti-JC Virus Antibody Status as a PML Risk Factor | FierceBiotechFDA Updates TYSABRI® (natalizumab) Label to Include Anti-JC Virus Antibody Status as a PML Risk Factor | FierceBiotech
Changes in JC Virus-Specific T Cell Responses during Natalizumab Treatment and in Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal...Changes in JC Virus-Specific T Cell Responses during Natalizumab Treatment and in Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal...
CiNii Articles - Cysteine Residues in the Major Capsid Protein, Vp1, of the JC Virus Are Important for Protein...CiNii Articles - Cysteine Residues in the Major Capsid Protein, Vp1, of the JC Virus Are Important for Protein...
Serum Antibodies to JC Virus, BK Virus, Simian Virus 40, and the Risk of Incident Adult Astrocytic Brain Tumors | Cancer...Serum Antibodies to JC Virus, BK Virus, Simian Virus 40, and the Risk of Incident Adult Astrocytic Brain Tumors | Cancer...
Sequence rearrangement in JC virus DNAs molecularly cloned from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients. | Journal of...Sequence rearrangement in JC virus DNAs molecularly cloned from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients. | Journal of...
Copy number heterogeneity of JC virus standards. | Physicians Weekly for Medical News, Journals & ArticlesCopy number heterogeneity of JC virus standards. | Physician's Weekly for Medical News, Journals & Articles
Can the JC virus be killed before PML - This Is MS Multiple Sclerosis Knowledge & Support CommunityCan the JC virus be killed before PML - This Is MS Multiple Sclerosis Knowledge & Support Community
Detection of JC Virus DNA in Human Tonsil Tissue: Evidence for Site of Initial Viral Infection | Journal of VirologyDetection of JC Virus DNA in Human Tonsil Tissue: Evidence for Site of Initial Viral Infection | Journal of Virology
JC Virus carries mutation that amplifies PMLJC Virus 'carries mutation that amplifies PML'
JC Virus - Semantic ScholarJC Virus - Semantic Scholar
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
JC VirusLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalBK VirusPolyomavirus InfectionsTumor Virus InfectionsPolyomavirusRNA VirusesSimian virus 40Antigens, Viral, TumorDNA, ViralVirus ReplicationVaccinia virusReceptors, VirusVirus CultivationVirus SheddingVirus ActivationVirus DiseasesAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingVirus AssemblyPolyomaviridaeNeurogliaPlant VirusesGenes, ViralDNA VirusesGene Expression Regulation, ViralDefective VirusesSindbis VirusMeasles virusInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeCapsid ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataAntigens, ViralRabies virusInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeViral ProteinsNFI Transcription FactorsRNA, ViralVirus LatencyViral Regulatory and Accessory ProteinsCell LineInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeHepatitis B virusPolymerase Chain ReactionWest Nile virusVirionRespiratory Syncytial VirusesUrineY-Box-Binding Protein 1CapsidVesicular stomatitis Indiana virusCerebrospinal FluidAntiviral AgentsHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusPhylogenyOncogenic VirusesVero CellsSimian immunodeficiency virusCercopithecus aethiopsAntibodies, ViralMumps virusParainfluenza Virus 1, HumanMosaic Viruses
Progressive multifocal leukoencPolyomavirusInfectionJohn CunninghamSimianPolyomavirusesGenomeAntibodiesReplicationSmall t antigenPrevalenceDetectionPathogenesisProteinsArchetypalColorectal cancerInducesBrainSequencesPromoterInduceMultiple sclerosisCellsDiseaseAntibodiesReactivationOligodendrocytesViralCerebrospinal fluidDetection of JC Virus DNAGenome of JC virusPresence of JC virusGlial cellsOpportunisticSitu HybridizationDouble-stranded DNA virusHumansGranuleLatent in the kidneyDemyelinating diseaseSequenceProteinAntibody LevelsKidneyClinicalReal-timPolyoma virusPathologySV40ImmuneSalivaGenusMutationNeurotropic virus
Progressive multifocal leukoenc4
Polyomavirus2
Infection6
John Cunningham1
Simian3
Polyomaviruses1
Genome1
  • A map of the genome of JC virus, indicating the position of the tumor antigen genes (red), the three capsid protein genes (green and blue), the agnogene (yellow), and the non-coding control region (NCCR). (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies1
  • 50% of adults have been exposed to JCV and will be positive for IgG-class antibodies to this virus (Eur J Neurol 2014;21:299-304), even though the vast majority will never experience any symptoms. (aacc.org)
Replication1
  • The protein encoded by these early sequences, T-antigen, also plays a key role in viral proliferation, directing the initiation of DNA replication for the virus as well as performing a transcriptional switch to allow for the formation of the various capsid and regulatory proteins needed for viral fitness. (wikipedia.org)
Small t antigen2
  • More than 500 diagnostic specimens derived from 16 different pediatric cancer entities including solid tumors, leukemias and lymphomas were screened by highly sensitive and specific real-time quantitative PCR assays targeting important viral domains such as the large T-antigen, small T-antigen and virus protein 1. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • The vast majority of tumors investigated revealed negative findings, with only anecdotal presence of JC virus large/small T-antigen in individual cases of acute myeloid leukemia (1/30) and oligodendroglioma (1/30). (clinmedjournals.org)
Prevalence1
Detection2
  • Here the application of a virus concentration method based on skimmed milk organic flocculation (SMF) using 10L of sewage collected in different seasons enabled the detection of many viruses. (readbyqxmd.com)
  • As opposed to viral persistence as a putative source of oncogenic hits, the frequent detection of SV40 in brain tumors and other malignancies like Wilms'tumor, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma or lymphoma was generally linked to the use of virus-contaminated polio vaccines several decades ago [13- . (clinmedjournals.org)
Pathogenesis1
  • The presence of BKV was documented in urothelial carcinoma, and the virus was suggested to play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma [6, 9, . (clinmedjournals.org)
Proteins1
  • In this review, we will discuss the effects of the interaction between large T antigen and Rb proteins in JC virus-mediated oncogenesis. (unisi.it)
Archetypal1
  • Further research is needed to determine the exact etiological role of T-antigen, but there seems to be a connection to the early initiation of the active virus from its archetypal dormant state. (wikipedia.org)
Colorectal cancer1
  • Several studies since 2000 have suggested that the virus is also linked to colorectal cancer , as JCV has been found in malignant colon tumors, but these findings are still controversial. (wikipedia.org)
Induces1
Brain4
  • JC viral DNA can be detected in both non-PML affected and PML-affected (see below) brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus was first discovered in 1971, when a doctor found it in the brain of a man with Hodgkin's lymphoma and named the virus after him. (webmd.com)
  • The brain apparently serves as a sanctuary for the persistence of different viruses including JCV, and several studies reported the presence of viral sequences in various brain tumors [7, 11, . (clinmedjournals.org)
  • In contrast to studies describing the presence of BKV, JCV or SV40 in various tumors, other reports did not reveal any evidence for these viruses in brain tumors, other solid tumors or hematologic malignancies [17- . (clinmedjournals.org)
Sequences1
  • Certain transcription factors present in the early promoter sequences of the JC virus can induce trophism and viral proliferation that leads to PML. (wikipedia.org)
Promoter1
  • It is thought that these differences in promoter sequence contribute to the fitness of the virus in the CNS and thus to the development of PML. (wikipedia.org)
Induce1
  • The virus causes PML and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency , as in AIDS or during treatment with drugs intended to induce a state of immunosuppression (e.g. organ transplant patients). (wikipedia.org)
Multiple sclerosis1
  • Multiple Sclerosis Trust: "JC virus. (webmd.com)
Cells1
  • The JCV + -cell subpopulations in HIV + patients included B, T, NK and NKT cells, with a JC viral load ranging from 2-1080 copies/ug DNA, while HIV - patients had JCV in the same subpopulations, as well as PMN and monocytes, with a viral load ranging from 2-250 copies/ug DNA. (beds.ac.uk)
Disease1
Antibodies10
Reactivation4
Oligodendrocytes7
Viral22
  • JC viral DNA can be detected in both non-PML affected and PML-affected (see below) brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain transcription factors present in the early promoter sequences of the JC virus can induce trophism and viral proliferation that leads to PML. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by these early sequences, T-antigen, also plays a key role in viral proliferation, directing the initiation of DNA replication for the virus as well as performing a transcriptional switch to allow for the formation of the various capsid and regulatory proteins needed for viral fitness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although JC virus infection is classically associated with white matter demyelination and PML pathogenesis, recent literature has identified viral variants as etiological agents of other novel syndromes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A definition of the term "papovavirus," which refers to any of a group of viruses, many of which are encogenic, that are important in viral carcinogenesis, is presented. (ebscohost.com)
  • JC viral sequences were analyzed in DNA extracted from 33 frozen medulloblastoma and PNET samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When a complete virus particle ( virion ) comes in contact with a host cell, only the viral nucleic acid and, in some viruses, a few enzymes are injected into the host cell. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Within the host cell the genetic material of a DNA virus is replicated and transcribed into messenger RNA by host cell enzymes, and proteins coded for by viral genes are synthesized by host cell ribosomes. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Some of these may already have been present within the initial virus, and others may be coded for by the viral genome for production within the host cell. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Because host cells do not have the ability to replicate "viral RNA" but are able to transcribe messenger RNA, RNA viruses must contain enzymes to produce genetic material for new virions. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • For certain viruses the RNA is replicated by a viral enzyme ( transcriptase ) contained in the virion, or produced by the host cell using the viral RNA as a messenger. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In other viruses a reverse transcriptase contained in the virion transcribes the genetic message on the viral RNA into DNA, which is then replicated by the host cell. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In viruses that have membranes, membrane-bound viral proteins are synthesized by the host cell and move, like host cell membrane proteins, to the cell surface. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In the context of antirejection treatment, viral replication and progression toward disease are related to patient, virus, and graft determinants. (hindawi.com)
  • The JCV + -cell subpopulations in HIV + patients included B, T, NK and NKT cells, with a JC viral load ranging from 2-1080 copies/ug DNA, while HIV - patients had JCV in the same subpopulations, as well as PMN and monocytes, with a viral load ranging from 2-250 copies/ug DNA. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Recent viral studies indicate two major groups found in the Japanese population: a group with the CY genotype JC virus (JCV) and a group with the MY genotype JCV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms responsible for the malignant transformation in cases of long-lasting viral infection differ according to the particular virus and cancer and have been extensively studied. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (tabers.com)
  • To confirm and extend these findings, we have used a commercially available biotinylated JC virus DNA probe to demonstrate the presence of viral DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from four open biopsies, four needle biopsies, and two autopsies of patients with PML. (duke.edu)
  • The interaction between early viral antigens and cell cycle regulators represents an important mechanism through which viruses deregulate cell cycle and lead to cell transformation. (unisi.it)
  • Each SV40 strain was derived from an independent isolate of the virus, and DNA sequence polymorphisms in genetically stable regions of the viral genome outside of the viral regulatory region were used to distinguish strains (7,8). (bioscience.org)
  • The cover image shows a JC virus-infected oligodendrocyte stained for oligodendrocyte marker O4 (red), phospho-p53 (Ser15) (green), and viral T antigen (blue). (jci.org)
Cerebrospinal fluid5
Detection of JC Virus DNA1
Genome of JC virus1
  • A map of the genome of JC virus, indicating the position of the tumor antigen genes (red), the three capsid protein genes (green and blue), the agnogene (yellow), and the non-coding control region (NCCR). (wikipedia.org)
Presence of JC virus1
Glial cells2
  • Because of its capacity to cause demyelination in the central nervous system and multiply chiefly in human glial cells in culture, JCV was considered strictly a neurotropic virus. (asm.org)
  • It has been postulated that for the JC virus to preferentially infect granule cell neurons instead of glial cells, there must be a mutation, typically involving the C terminus of the VP1 gene, that triggers this change 6 . (radiopaedia.org)
Opportunistic3
Situ Hybridization3
  • In situ hybridization with biotinylated JC virus probe may be useful in the diagnosis of PML on brain biopsy specimens. (elsevier.com)
  • Diagnosis by in situ hybridization with a biotinylated JC virus DNA probe using an automated Histomatic Code-On slide stainer. (duke.edu)
  • Previous studies by other authors have established that in situ hybridization with a biotinylated JC virus DNA probe can be a valuable diagnostic adjunct because it identifies the virally infected cells with great specificity and does not depend on the larger specimen, which may be necessary for a firm histological diagnosis. (duke.edu)
Double-stranded DNA virus1
Humans2
Granule8
  • This syndrome, called JCV granule cell layer neuronopathy (JCV GCN), is characterized by a productive and lytic infection by a JC variant with a mutation in the VP1 coding region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Granule cell neuronopathy (GCN) is a rare disease caused by the JC virus, leading to degeneration of cerebellar granule cell neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Granule cell neuronopathy (GCN) is a rare disease caused by the JC virus that is characterized by lytic infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is derangement of the normal laminar cellular organization of cerebellum, with the hallmark histological feature of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy being infection and loss of granule cell neurons in the internal granule cell layer, with sparing of the molecular and Perkinje layers 1,3 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • There is currently (as of March 2019) no disease-specific therapy available for JC virus granule cell neuronopathy, and management is therefore supportive. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Heterogeneous imaging characteristics of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy (GCN): a case series and review of the literature. (radiopaedia.org)
  • 2. Henry C, Jouan F, De Broucker T. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: A cause of infectious cerebellar degeneration. (radiopaedia.org)
  • JC polyomavirus granule cell neuronopathy in a patient treated with rituximab. (radiopaedia.org)
Latent in the kidney2
  • Although BK and JC viruses are latent in the kidney and may become reactivated in immunosuppressed individuals, only JC virus has been shown to infect the central nervous system. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The JC virus localizes to and remains latent in the kidney, from whence it occasionally may reactivate. (med-life.net)
Demyelinating disease1
Sequence4
  • It is thought that these differences in promoter sequence contribute to the fitness of the virus in the CNS and thus to the development of PML. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequence rearrangement in JC virus DNAs molecularly cloned from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients. (asm.org)
  • A two-year grant from the PML Consortium awarded to scientists in the Eberly College of Science aims to unravel sequence variations within the JC virus genome that could case the development of a rare fatal brain disease. (psu.edu)
  • three distinct viruses can be distinguished based on DNA sequence analysis and clinical studies, and these three viruses are designated BFDV 1 3 (10). (bioscience.org)
Protein4
Antibody Levels1
Kidney1
Clinical6
  • American Association for Clinical Chemistry: "JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for It? (webmd.com)
  • JC virus in experimental and clinical brain tumors. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Clinical Laboratory News // All CLN Articles // JC Virus: What Is It, and How Should I Test for IT? (aacc.org)
  • We performed next-generation sequencing to gain single-nucleotide resolution and relative copy number of JC virus (JCV) clinical standards. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Some viruses do not produce rapid lysis of host cells, but rather remain latent for long periods in the host before the appearance of clinical symptoms. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The study will review clinical information from patients and analyze genetic factors from both patients and control subjects to investigate genes associated with AIDS and JC virus infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Real-tim1
Polyoma virus2
Pathology1
  • With the advent of commercially available JC virus DNA probes and an automated system for hybridization histochemistry, this technology for diagnosis of PML may enter the routine diagnostic surgical pathology laboratory. (duke.edu)
SV401
Immune12
  • In people who are treated with Tysabri for two years who are antibody positive to JC virus and have a history of prior immune suppression treatments, the risk is now 1 in 75. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Infections are usually asymptomatic, with most people unaware they have the virus unless their immune system is compromised by a disease or disease treatment. (psu.edu)
  • The JC virus can be activated when a person's immune system is compromised because of disease or immunosuppressive medication. (ket-rt.ru)
  • It is caused by the JC virus , which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The JC virus is harmless except in cases of weakened immune systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus causes disease only when the immune system has been severely weakened. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some people who are JCV seropositive may not be infected with the virus, i.e. their immune systems have cleared the JC virus, and therefore may not be at risk of developing PML in the future. (blogspot.com)
  • On the other hand in people with a high index, or an increasing index, or in those who become seropositive with a high index, the virus must be stimulating their immune systems to produce antibody. (blogspot.com)
  • If you go onto treatments that interfere with the immune system, particularly immunosuppressive drugs, then the immune response to the JC virus cannot be used to assess risk. (blogspot.com)
  • This complex interaction is modulated by the net balance of immunosuppression and its impact on virus-specific immune response. (hindawi.com)
  • The virus only becomes active in people who have compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing immune suppressive chemotherapy for cancer and those with damaged immune systems due to HIV. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Viruses with lipid envelopes have a greater ability to adhere to cell membranes and to avoid destruction by the immune system. (tabers.com)
Saliva1
  • JC virus is found in tonsils, so at one time experts thought it used an oral route, but it is not generally found in saliva or respiratory secretions. (everydayhealth.com)
Genus2
Mutation1
  • The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (tabers.com)
Neurotropic virus1
JC virus - Wikipedia
JC virus - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes...
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - Wikipedia (en.m.wikipedia.org)
JC Virus and MS: What You Need to Know | Everyday Health
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (medlineplus.gov)
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Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials...
Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials... (clinicaltrials.gov)
IFN-Gamma Inhibits JC Virus Replication in Glial Cells by Suppressing T-Antigen Expression
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VP1 | Laboratori de Virus Contaminants d'Aigua i Aliments (ub.edu)
Polyomavirus interaction with the DNA damage response | SpringerLink
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Community Academic Profiles - Faculty & Researchers - Stanford Medicine
Community Academic Profiles - Faculty & Researchers - Stanford Medicine (med.stanford.edu)
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Warnings & Safety Management : National Multiple Sclerosis Society (nationalmssociety.org)
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