Onchocerciasis: Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.Filaricides: Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.Scabies: A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.Antinematodal Agents: Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.Anthelmintics: Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal.Simuliidae: Several species of the genus Simulium (family Simuliidae) that act as intermediate hosts (vectors) for the parasitic disease ONCHOCERCIASIS.Skin Diseases, Parasitic: Skin diseases caused by ARTHROPODS; HELMINTHS; or other parasites.Microfilaria: The prelarval stage of Filarioidea in the blood and other tissues of mammals and birds. They are removed from these hosts by blood-sucking insects in which they metamorphose into mature larvae.Loiasis: A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Loa loa. The vector in the transmission of this infection is the horsefly (Tabanus) or the deerfly or mango fly (Chrysops). The larvae may be seen just beneath the skin or passing through the conjunctiva. Eye lesions are not uncommon. The disease is generally mild and painless.Strongyloidea: A superfamily of strongyles or roundworms which are parasites in the intestinal tract of equines, pigs, rodents, and primates (including man). It includes the genera Cyasthostomum, Ransomus, Globocephalus, OESOPHAGOSTOMUM, and STRONGYLUS.Albendazole: A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)Loa: A genus of parasitic nematodes found throughout the rain-forest areas of the Sudan and the basin of the Congo. L. loa inhabits the subcutaneous tissues, which it traverses freely.Receptors, Purinergic P2X4: A widely distributed purinergic P2X receptor subtype that plays a role in pain sensation. P2X4 receptors found on MICROGLIA cells may also play a role in the mediation of allodynia-related NEUROPATHIC PAIN.Onchocerciasis, Ocular: Filarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persons infected have impaired vision and up to 20% are blind. The incidence of eye lesions has been reported to be as high as 30% in Central America and parts of Africa.Strongyloidiasis: Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.Sarcoptes scabiei: A species of mite that causes SCABIES in humans and sarcoptic mange in other animals. Specific variants of S. scabiei exist for humans and animals, but many have the ability to cross species and cause disease.Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.Mite Infestations: Infestations with arthropods of the subclass ACARI, superorder Acariformes.Pediculus: Lice of the genus Pediculus, family Pediculidae. Pediculus humanus corporus is the human body louse and Pediculus humanus capitis is the human head louse.Strongyle Infections, Equine: Infection of horses with parasitic nematodes of the superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA. Characteristics include the development of hemorrhagic nodules on the abdominal peritoneum.Elephantiasis, Filarial: Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.Onchocerca: A genus of parasitic nematodes whose organisms live and breed in skin and subcutaneous tissues. Onchocercal microfilariae may also be found in the urine, blood, or sputum.Wuchereria bancrofti: A white threadlike worm which causes elephantiasis, lymphangitis, and chyluria by interfering with the lymphatic circulation. The microfilaria are found in the circulating blood and are carried by mosquitoes.Strongyloides stercoralis: A species of parasitic nematode widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. The females and their larvae inhabit the mucosa of the intestinal tract, where they cause ulceration and diarrhea.Lice Infestations: Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)Permethrin: A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.Insecticides: Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.Cameroon: A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.Scalp DermatosesHelminthiasis, Animal: Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.Acaricides: A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators.Parasite Load: Measure of the number of the PARASITES present in a host organism.Ascaridoidea: A superfamily of polymyarian nematode worms. An important characteristic of this group is the presence of three prominent lips around the mouth of the organism.Haemonchus: A genus of parasitic nematode worms which infest the duodenum and stomach of domestic and wild herbivores, which ingest it with the grasses (POACEAE) they eat. Infestation of man is accidental.Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.Nigeria: A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.Myiasis: The invasion of living tissues of man and other mammals by dipterous larvae.Filariasis: Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.Endemic Diseases: The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)Eye Infections, Parasitic: Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.Oxyuroidea: A superfamily of parasitic nematodes consisting of several genera. ENTEROBIUS, which occurs in humans, and Oxyuris, which occurs in horses, are two of the most common. Other genera are: Skrjabinema, Passalurus, Dermatoxys, and Probstmayria.Oxyuriasis: Infection with nematodes of the superfamily OXYUROIDEA.Ascaridida Infections: Infections with nematodes of the order ASCARIDIDA.Parasite Egg Count: Determination of parasite eggs in feces.Insect Control: The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.Ectoparasitic Infestations: Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.Trichuriasis: Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.Thiabendazole: 2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for STRONGYLOIDIASIS. It has CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)Strongylida: An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Characteristics include an H-shaped excretory system with two subventral glands.Strongylus: A genus of intestinal parasitic nematodes occurring in animals and man.Nematode Infections: Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified.Spirurida Infections: Infections with nematodes of the order SPIRURIDA.Sierra Leone: A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and west of LIBERIA. Its capital is Freetown.Larva Migrans: Infections caused by nematode larvae which never develop into the adult stage and migrate through various body tissues. They commonly infect the skin, eyes, and viscera in man. Ancylostoma brasiliensis causes cutaneous larva migrans. Toxocara causes visceral larva migrans.Drug Residues: Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.GuatemalaEcuadorFenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.Trichostrongyloidea: A superfamily of nematodes. Most are intestinal parasites of ruminants and accidentally in humans. This superfamily includes seven genera: DICTYOCAULUS; HAEMONCHUS; Cooperia, OSTERTAGIA; Nematodirus, TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; and Hyostrongylus.Gnathostoma: A genus of parasitic nematodes that occurs in mammals including man. Infection in humans is either by larvae penetrating the skin or by ingestion of uncooked fish.Cladocera: A suborder of CRUSTACEA, order Diplostraca, comprising the water fleas. They are benthic filter feeders that consume PHYTOPLANKTON. The body is laterally compressed and enclosed in a bivalved carapace, from which the head extends.Mali: A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.Macrolides: A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.Oviparity: The capability of producing eggs (OVA) from which young are hatched outside the body. While mostly referring to nonmammalian species, this does include MAMMALS of the order MONOTREMATA.Guinea: A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.Drug Resistance: Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.Acari: A large, subclass of arachnids comprising the MITES and TICKS, including parasites of plants, animals, and humans, as well as several important disease vectors.Indians, Central American: Individual members of Central American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia. Mexican Indians are not included.Testicular Hydrocele: Accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of membrane (tunica vaginalis) covering the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.Uganda: A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.Ghana: A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.Community Health Services: Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.Ascariasis: Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.Senegal: A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar.Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.Neglected Diseases: Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).Administration, Topical: The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.Hypodermyiasis: Infestation with larvae of the genus Hypoderma, the warble fly.Helminthiasis: Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.Pruritus: An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. It has been shown to cause cancer.Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic: Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.Trichostrongyloidiasis: Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.Brugia pahangi: A species of parasitic nematode found in man and other mammals. It has been reported from Malaya and East Pakistan and may produce symptoms of tropical eosinophilia.Struthioniformes: An order of flightless birds comprising the ostriches, which naturally inhabit open, low rainfall areas of Africa.Purinergic P2X Receptor Agonists: Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2X RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for specific P2X receptor subtypes.Necatoriasis: Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920)Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Chloride Channels: Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. Nonselective blockers include FENAMATES; ETHACRYNIC ACID; and TAMOXIFEN.Burkina Faso: A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.Liberia: A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and east of COTE D'IVOIRE. Its capital is Monrovia.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Drug Administration Schedule: Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.Amphipoda: An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Isopoda, they possess thoracic gills and their bodies are laterally compressed.Antibodies, Helminth: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.Quinolinium CompoundsImmunophilins: Members of a family of highly conserved proteins which are all cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE). They bind the immunosuppressant drugs CYCLOSPORINE; TACROLIMUS and SIROLIMUS. They possess rotamase activity, which is inhibited by the immunosuppressant drugs that bind to them.Lip DiseasesEosinophilic Granuloma: The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.Helminths: Commonly known as parasitic worms, this group includes the ACANTHOCEPHALA; NEMATODA; and PLATYHELMINTHS. Some authors consider certain species of LEECHES that can become temporarily parasitic as helminths.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Filarioidea: A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder SPIRURINA. Its organisms possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae.Ancylostomiasis: Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.Cattle Diseases: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.Rodent Diseases: Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).Trichuris: A genus of nematode worms comprising the whipworms.Leucomycins: An antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kitasatoensis. The complex consists of a mixture of at least eight biologically active components, A1 and A3 to A9. Leucomycins have both antibacterial and antimycoplasmal activities.Equatorial Guinea: A republic in central Africa, bordering the Bay of Biafra, CAMEROON is to the north and GABON to the south. Its capital is Malabo.BenzoxazolesRotifera: A class of minute animals of the phylum Aschelminthes.Praziquantel: An anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations.Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Insect Vectors: Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.AfricaInjections, Subcutaneous: Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Polynesia: The collective name for the islands of the central Pacific Ocean, including the Austral Islands, Cook Islands, Easter Island, HAWAII; NEW ZEALAND; Phoenix Islands, PITCAIRN ISLAND; SAMOA; TONGA; Tuamotu Archipelago, Wake Island, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Polynesians are of the Caucasoid race, but many are of mixed origin. Polynesia is from the Greek poly, many + nesos, island, with reference to the many islands in the group. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p966 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p426)Strongylida Infections: Infections with nematodes of the order STRONGYLIDA.Parasitic Diseases: Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure.Rhodnius: A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Rhodnius prolixus is a vector for TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.Disease Eradication: Termination of all transmission of infection by global extermination of the infectious agent through surveillance and containment (From Porta, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th ed).P-Glycoprotein: A 170-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. It serves as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for a variety of chemicals, including many ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of this glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (see DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE).Mites: Any arthropod of the subclass ACARI except the TICKS. They are minute animals related to the spiders, usually having transparent or semitransparent bodies. They may be parasitic on humans and domestic animals, producing various irritations of the skin (MITE INFESTATIONS). Many mite species are important to human and veterinary medicine as both parasite and vector. Mites also infest plants.Rhipicephalus sanguineus: A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER.Larva: Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.DNA, Helminth: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of helminths.Strongyloides: A genus of parasitic nematodes widely distributed as intestinal parasites of mammals.Doxycycline: A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.Antigens, Helminth: Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.Salicylanilides: 2-Hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides. N-phenyl substituted salicylamides. Derivatives have been used as fungicides, anti-mildew agents and topical antifungal agents. In concentrated form may cause irritation of skin and mucous membranes.Administration, Rectal: The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.Lethal Dose 50: The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.Anopheles gambiae: A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Skin: The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.Emollients: Oleagenous substances used topically to soothe, soften or protect skin or mucous membranes. They are used also as vehicles for other dermatologic agents.Adjuvants, Anesthesia: Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.Receptors, Purinergic P2X: A subclass of purinergic P2 receptors that signal by means of a ligand-gated ion channel. They are comprised of three P2X subunits which can be identical (homotrimeric form) or dissimilar (heterotrimeric form).Orbital Diseases: Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.Antidotes: Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.Trichinella spiralis: A parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINELLOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.Receptors, Glycine: Cell surface receptors that bind GLYCINE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glycine receptors in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM have an intrinsic chloride channel and are usually inhibitory.Receptors, Purinergic P2X7: A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor that plays a role in pain sensation signaling and regulation of inflammatory processes.Northern Territory: Territory in north central Australia, between the states of Queensland and Western Australia. Its capital is Darwin.Horses: Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.Helminth Proteins: Proteins found in any species of helminth.Copepoda: A huge subclass of mostly marine CRUSTACEA, containing over 14,000 species. The 10 orders comprise both planktonic and benthic organisms, and include both free-living and parasitic forms. Planktonic copepods form the principle link between PHYTOPLANKTON and the higher trophic levels of the marine food chains.Administration, Cutaneous: The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.Rural Health: The status of health in rural populations.Zooplankton: Minute free-floating animal organisms which live in practically all natural waters.Parasitology: The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.Intention to Treat Analysis: Strategy for the analysis of RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC that compares patients in the groups to which they were originally randomly assigned.Lactones: Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure. Large cyclic lactones of over a dozen atoms are MACROLIDES.Caenorhabditis elegans: A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.Trichinellosis: An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.South AmericaRandom Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Placebos: Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.Receptors, Purinergic P2: A class of cell surface receptors for PURINES that prefer ATP or ADP over ADENOSINE. P2 purinergic receptors are widespread in the periphery and in the central and peripheral nervous system.Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.Nematoda: A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites.Histamine H1 Antagonists: Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.Wolbachia: A genus of bacteria comprised of a heterogenous group of gram-negative small rods and coccoid forms associated with arthropods. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 1984)Horse Diseases: Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.Disulfiram: A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.Patient Compliance: Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.Water Pollutants: Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.Diptera: An order of the class Insecta. Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. The order includes the families Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Phoridae, SARCOPHAGIDAE, Scatophagidae, Sciaridae, SIMULIIDAE, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Trypetidae, CERATOPOGONIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CULICIDAE; DROSOPHILIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; and PSYCHODIDAE. The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA).MexicoAllosteric Regulation: The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.Neurotoxicity Syndromes: Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents.Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.Parasitic Sensitivity Tests: Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)Pharynx: A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx).Eye Diseases: Diseases affecting the eye.Sheep Diseases: Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.Drug Eruptions: Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions.Cerebrospinal Fluid: A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.Schistosomiasis: Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.Ion Channel Gating: The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Mosquito Control: The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.Disease Transmission, Infectious: The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).Medication Adherence: Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.Tacrolimus Binding Proteins: A family of immunophilin proteins that bind to the immunosuppressive drugs TACROLIMUS (also known as FK506) and SIROLIMUS. EC 5.2.1.-Central Nervous System Diseases: Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.Rural Population: The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.Beetles: INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPaseBenzimidazoles: Compounds with a BENZENE fused to IMIDAZOLES.Heterozygote Detection: Identification of genetic carriers for a given trait.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices during a community-level ivermectin distribution campaign in Guatemala. (1/592)
Community acceptance and participation are essential for the success of mass ivermectin chemotherapy programmes for onchocerciasis (river blindness). To explore the local understanding of the purpose of ivermectin and willingness to continue taking the drug, we performed questionnaire surveys in four communities with hyperendemic onchocerciasis after each of three ivermectin treatment rounds. More than 100 respondents participated in each KAP survey, representing the heads of 30% of the households in each community. The respondents rarely stated that the goal of the ivermectin treatment programme was to prevent visual loss. Instead, they said they were taking the drug for their general well-being, to cure the onchocercal nodule (filaria), or to cure the microfilaria, a term newly introduced by agents of the treatment programme. The principal reason identified for refusal to take ivermectin was anxiety about drug-related adverse reactions, and there were marked differences between communities in acceptance of treatment. In one community over 50% of residents initially refused to take ivermectin, although participation rates improved somewhat after programmatic adjustments. We recommend that ivermectin distribution programmes establish surveillance activities to detect where acceptance is poor, so that timely and community-specific adjustments may be devised to improve participation. (+info)Maintaining compliance to ivermectin in communities in two West African countries. (2/592)
We have investigated various aspects related to managing wide-scale ivermectin distribution schemes within randomized controlled trials in communities where onchocerciasis is endemic. Multiple logistic regression analysis of determinants of compliance to five doses of ivermectin in 589 people in Sierra Leone showed independent significant associations with leopard skin depigmentation, the severity of side effects of treatment, fulfilling the exclusion criteria for treatment, and long-term residence in the community. These results are useful for tailoring health promotion messages in Sierra Leone, but the associations may differ in other West African societies. In Nigeria 1847 people were interviewed about various subjective responses, including itching. None of these showed clear improvement after three years of ivermectin treatment. Positive comments about treatment were generally non-specific and similar in the placebo and ivermectin groups. Negative comments were usually related to adverse reactions, especially itching and rash, and were more common after ivermectin. The lack of any benefit attributable to ivermectin that is discernible to its recipients may make it difficult to maintain the high compliance rates needed for long periods if mass dosing programmes are to have a lasting impact on onchocerciasis. In addition, no consistent effects of ivermectin were found by measuring visual acuity, height, weight or haematocrit in comparison with placebo. This may indicate that evidence of clinical impact is very slow to develop and is hard to measure using simple objective methods after only three doses of treatment. At present it seems that parasitological, entomological and detailed ophthalmological or dermatological methods are required to demonstrate the impact of ivermectin treatment in the medium-term. (+info)Ivermectin distribution using community volunteers in Kabarole district, Uganda. (3/592)
Ivermectin mass distribution for the control of onchocerciasis in Uganda began in 1991. This report describes a community based ivermectin distribution programme covering two foci in the Kabarole district which have an estimated 32,000 persons infected and another 110,000 at risk. Through nodule palpation in adult males, 143 villages were identified where nodule prevalence exceeded 20%. Skin snips were also taken from a sample of the population to measure changes in community microfilarial load (CMFL) with treatment. The delivery programme was integrated into the district health management structure, and used community volunteers supervised by medical assistants from adjacent health facilities for annual ivermectin distribution campaigns. After initial efforts by the community to support distributors in-kind proved inadequate, ivermectin distributors earned money retailing condoms as part of the social marketing component of district STD/AIDS programme. Reduction in the CMFL ranged from 40-62% twelve months after the second ivermectin treatment in three villages, and from 69-84% six months after the fourth round of treatment in two villages. After four years of treatment, 85% of eligible persons were receiving ivermectin from community volunteers in each treatment cycle. Drop out rates among volunteers did not exceed 20% over the four years reported here. The direct cost of treatment was US $0.29 per person. Among the reasons for low per-person treatment costs were the strong supervisory structure, the presence of health centres in the foci and a well developed and capable district Primary Health Care management team. (+info)Comparison of serological and parasitological assessments of Onchocerca volvulus transmission after 7 years of mass ivermectin treatment in Mexico. (4/592)
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To compare the utility of an ELISA using 3 recombinant antigens with that of the skin biopsy to estimate incidence of infections in a sentinel cohort of individuals living in an endemic community in southern Mexico during a set of 11 subsequent ivermectin treatments. RESULTS: The apparent community prevalence of infection and microfilarial skin infection before and after 11 treatments with ivermectin plus nodulectomy were 78% and 13%, and 0.68 mf/mg and 0.04 mf/mg, respectively, as measured by skin biopsy. Of a group of 286 individuals participating in all surveys, a sentinel cohort of 42 mf and serologically negative individuals had been followed since 1994. The annual percentage of individuals becoming positive in this cohort was 24% (10/42), 28% (9/33), 0%, and 4.3% (1/23) in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Likewise, the incidence in children 5 years and under (n = 13) within this sentinel cohort was 15% (2/13), 18% (2/11), 0% and 11% (1/9), respectively. All individuals became positive to both tests simultaneously, indicating that seroconversion assessed infection incidence as accurately as skin biopsy in the sentinel group. CONCLUSION: Incidence monitoring of a sentinel cohort provides an estimation of the parasite transmission in the community; it is less costly than massive sampling, and a finger prick blood test might be more acceptable in some communities. (+info)Disposition of ivermectin and cyclosporin A in CF-1 mice deficient in mdr1a P-glycoprotein. (5/592)
The pharmacokinetics and hepatic metabolism of [3H] ivermectin (IVM) and [3H]cyclosporin A (CSA) were investigated in a subpopulation of the CF-1 mouse stock naturally deficient in mdr1a p-glycoprotein (PGP). A survey of key drug-metabolizing activities in liver fractions from PGP-deficient (-/-) or wild-type (+/+) animals indicated the two subpopulations are not different in hepatic metabolic activity and capacity. Intravenous pharmacokinetics of CSA were identical between the two groups, and results from microsomal incubations indicated similar biotransformation of IVM and CSA in liver. Intestinal excretion of [3H]IVM and [3H]CSA was enhanced in PGP (+/+) animals. Absence of PGP resulted in higher blood concentrations of IVM after oral dosing, suggesting enhanced absorption of IVM in (-/-) mice. Concentrations of [3H]IVM and [3H]CSA were always greater in the brains of (-/-) mice compared with (+/+) mice after either i.v. or oral administration. In contrast, liver concentrations of either compound were not different between (+/+) and (-/-) animals after an i.v. dose. These results show the PGP (-/-) and (+/+) subpopulations of CF-1 mice are useful for studying the role of mdr1a PGP in systemic exposure and tissue disposition of PGP substrates in the absence of metabolism differences. (+info)Effect of anthelmintic treatment on sexual maturation in prepubertal beef heifers. (6/592)
Heifers treated with ivermectin at weaning have been reported to reach puberty at a younger age and lighter weight than untreated heifers. We tested the hypothesis that heifers administered ivermectin would respond with earlier follicular development and a greater LH response to a 1-mg estradiol-17beta challenge (E2C) than untreated heifers. Fall-born Angus heifers (n = 32) were randomly assigned on 284 +/- 9 d of age (215.5 +/- 20.8 kg) to receive ivermectin (IVR) or albendazole (ALB), IVR + ALB, or to remain as untreated controls (CONT). Each group (n = 8) was housed separately in adjacent pens throughout the trial and managed to gain .8 kg/heifer on a ration containing 13.2% CP, 58.8% TDN, and 49.9% DM. The CONT heifers received an additional 2.27 kg/heifer of corn silage and 1.59 kg/heifer of corn daily to maintain ADG at comparable levels. Individual body weight was recorded weekly, and nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of feces were measured every 21 d. Ultrasonography was performed on alternate days starting 2 wk prior to E2C to characterize follicular wave patterns. Follicles were separated into classes (C1 [3 to 5 mm], C2 [6 to 9 mm], and C3 [10 mm]) and sizes (largest [LF], second [SLF], third [TLF], and fourth largest follicles [FLF]). The sizes of the regressing dominant follicle 1 (DF1) and the progressing dominant follicle 2 (DF2) were also determined. Serum concentrations of LH were determined from hourly jugular blood samples collected 8 to 24 h after injection of E2C. The IVR + ALB treatment group had more C3 follicles than ALB and CONT (P < .07). The IVR-treated heifers had larger TLF than ALB and CONT (P < .04). The IVR- and IVR + ALB-treated heifers had larger FLF and DF2 than ALB and CONT (P < .1). Least squares means for DF2 were 9.5 +/- .5, 8.0 +/- .4, 9.5 +/- .3 and 8.3 +/- .3 mm, for IVR, ALB, IVR + ALB and CONT, respectively (P = .02 for treatment effect). The E2C-induced serum LH concentration did not differ with respect to treatment. We conclude that heifers administered IVR display increased follicular development, supporting our earlier investigations regarding reduced age at puberty in heifers treated with IVR near weaning. (+info)Chemical control of Haematobia irritans with 0.5% topical ivermectin solution in cattle. (7/592)
A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation of ivermectin administered at the dose of 500 micrograms/kg against horn flies (Haematobia irritans) in cattle. Eighty-eight cattle in four herds naturally exposed to horn flies were used in the trial. Replicates were formed of two herds. Within replicates, one herd was randomly allocated to the untreated control and the other to the ivermectin treatment group. Horn fly counts were taken on the treatment day (Day 0) and on Days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post-treatment. There were no horn flies on any cattle in the treatment group, whereas all the control cattle were continuously infested by horn flies on each examination day. (+info)Long-term persistence of cellular hyporesponsiveness to filarial antigens after clearance of microfilaremia. (8/592)
The persistence of parasite-specific cellular hyporesponsiveness after clearance of blood microfilariae (mf) was studied in 18 individuals who had been treated with a single dose of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, or a combination 2-3 years previously and who had initially cleared their parasitemia. At recruitment into the present study, 50% were again mf+ and 50% remained mf-. There were no significant differences between the mf+ and mf- groups in the amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to adult or microfilarial antigens, although IFN-gamma production in response to purified protein derivative was greater in the mf+ group (geometric mean [gm] = 3,791 pg/ml; P = 0.02) than in the mf- group (gm = 600 pg/ml). These data suggest that although microfilaremic individuals may temporarily regain the ability to produce IFN-gamma to parasite antigens post-treatment, they subsequently revert to a state of hyporesponsiveness to mf-containing antigens that appears to be independent of the recurrence of microfilaremia and the response to nonparasite antigens. (+info)
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WidelyAssessEffectsSensitiveHighReview1.87TopicalEffect of ivermectinMitesHead liceAnthelminticLiceSingle-dose of ivermectinEfficacyStromectolPasteOnchocerciasisTopicallySystemicToxicity in DogsUnusual or allergic reaction to ivermectinSoolantraRiver blindnessParasiticHeartwormTake ivermectinInjectable ivermectinInjected or given oraInfectionWormerBroad-spectrum antiparasiticPatients who received ivermectinSusceptible to ivermectin toxicityCommunity Directed Treatment with IvermectinIvomecParalysis and deathKilogram of body weightLotionVeterinarySide effects of ivermectinInhibitInfestationsDewormerAllergicOrallyDrugsInjectionStrongyloidiasisAlbendazoleCattleForm of ivermectinCoronavirusDRUGDemodexParasiteKillsEffectivenessContains 10 mgIdentified as an inhSevereInfectionsPlaceboHorse wormers
Widely1
- Ivermectin is a widely applied veterinary pharmaceutical that is highly toxic to several non-target organisms. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Assess1
- In the present study, indoor microcosms were used to assess the impact of ivermectin on freshwater meiobenthic communities over a period of 224 days. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Effects2
- Direct and indirect effects of ivermectin on meiobenthic communities could be demonstrated. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- Brinke M, Hoess S, Fink G, Ternes TA, Heininger P, Traunspurger W. Assessing effects of the pharmaceutical ivermectin on meiobenthic communities using freshwater microcosms. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Sensitive2
- Benthic microcrustaceans (cladocerans, ostracods) and nematodes showed the most sensitive response to ivermectin, while tardigrades profited from the presence of the pharmaceutical. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- However, the nematode community was already seriously affected at a concentration of 6.2 mu g kg(-1) dw with two bacterivorous genera, Monhystera and Eumonhystera, being the most sensitive, whereas species of omnivorous genera (Tripyla, Tobrilus) increased in abundance after the application of ivermectin. (uni-bielefeld.de)
High1
- In addition to abundance of major meiobenthic organism groups, the nematode community was assessed on the species level, assuming a high risk for free-living nematodes due to their close phylogenetic relationship to the main target organisms of ivermectin, parasitic nematodes. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Review1
1.874
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Topical48
- One review found that the efficacy of permethrin is similar to that of systemic or topical ivermectin. (wikipedia.org)
- A separate review found that although oral ivermectin is usually effective for treatment of scabies, it does have a higher treatment failure rate than topical permethrin. (wikipedia.org)
- Using a strategy of directly observed treatment (DOT) with oral ivermectin or topical permethrin for all residents of two separate island groups in Fiji, Dr. (thefreedictionary.com)
- She pointed to a 2017 study that examined a combination treatment of ivermectin 1% topical cream (Soolantra) and brimonidine 0.33% topical gel (Mirvaso) for patients with rosacea with moderate to severe persistent erythema and inflammatory lesions. (thefreedictionary.com)
- An open label study of oral ivermectin was carried out in patients with crusted scabies refractory to topical therapy. (nih.gov)
- Patients with refractory crusted scabies were prescribed oral ivermectin, one to three doses of 200 mg/kg at 14-day intervals, combined with topical scabicide and keratolytic therapy. (nih.gov)
- In the U.K. and online, you can buy topical Ivermectin over the counter under the brand name Beaphar Ivermectin Spot On for Rabbits. (ehow.co.uk)
- Generally, in its topical form, you will apply Ivermectin to the skin at the back of the neck, or directly on affected areas such as ears. (ehow.co.uk)
- A 5-year-old boy with periorificial dermatitis before (D) and 1 month (E) and 4 months (F) after starting topical ivermectin therapy. (aad.org)
- Although the role of Demodex mites in the pathogenesis of rosacea (and variants of rosacea, such as POD) awaits elucidation, techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy have demonstrated that decomposing D. folliculorum mites correlates with improvement following the application of topical ivermectin (Soolantra) (1). (aad.org)
- Noguera-Morel et al studied therapeutic value of using either oral or topical ivermectin in 15 children diagnosed with either papulopustular rosacea (PPR) or POD. (aad.org)
- Complete or almost complete clearance was achieved in 8 patients treated orally and in 6 children treated with topical ivermectin. (aad.org)
- The only adverse event observed was mild, transient desquamation of the affected skin in 3 patients receiving oral ivermectin and in 2 patients using topical ivermectin. (aad.org)
- They assigned patients to receive either topical ivermectin (0.1%)-metronidazole (1%) gel treatment or vehicle at day 0, day 15 and day 30. (healio.com)
- Ivermectin comes as a topical lotion or tablet form that is taken orally, preferably on an empty stomach. (aocd.org)
- Topical ivermectin has much lower systemic absorption when compared to oral administration. (aocd.org)
- Side effects are also uncommon with topical ivermectin but may include dandruff, dry skin, and a burning sensation. (aocd.org)
- Ivermectin 0.5% lotion (Sklice) is a prescription ovicidal pediculicide labeled for the topical treatment of head lice in patients six months and older. (aafp.org)
- There have been no reports of serious adverse reactions with the use of topical ivermectin in a limited number of patients (i.e., fewer than 400). (aafp.org)
- 1 Topical ivermectin is classified as a U.S. Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category C drug, and its excretion in breast milk has not been studied. (aafp.org)
- Topical ivermectin is well tolerated. (aafp.org)
- 2 To date, no studies have compared the acceptability of topical ivermectin with other pediculicides. (aafp.org)
- A single application of topical ivermectin will result in significantly more patients being louse-free the day following treatment (94.9% vs. 31.3% for placebo). (aafp.org)
- 2 Two patients must be treated with topical ivermectin compared with placebo for one to be louse-free the day after treatment (number needed to treat = 2). (aafp.org)
- 2 Topical ivermectin also kills nits, and approximately three out of four children will be louse-free two weeks after the single treatment (number needed to treat = 2 to 4). (aafp.org)
- Nit combing is not required with topical ivermectin. (aafp.org)
- Topical ivermectin is safe, effective, and easy to administer because it involves only a single application-rinse cycle and does not require nit combing. (aafp.org)
- Topical 0.5% ivermectin lotion for treatment of head lice. (aafp.org)
- 05). The permethrin and topical ivermectin groups had 100% cure rates by the end of week 3 compared with 99% in the oral ivermectin group ( P = .367). (healio.com)
- Forty-eight percent of oral ivermectin patients were free of pruritus, compared with 90.9% of permethrin patients and 95% of topical ivermectin patients at 3 weeks. (healio.com)
- Topical ivermectin is as safe as oral ivermectin and topical permethrin," the researchers concluded. (healio.com)
- The faster cure with permethrin and topical ivermectin would reduce the number of follow-up visits required, thus improving compliance and reducing cost. (healio.com)
- I would still advocate trying topical ivermectin to take care of mites and lice, in which case only one drug would be used. (guinealynx.info)
- Ivermectin 1% cream (Soolantra) is a topical prescription medication labeled for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea. (aafp.org)
- 4 Ivermectin was also reported to be more effective than twice-daily topical metronidazole (NNT = 11) after four months of treatment in patients with moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea. (aafp.org)
- Horsham, PA - December 7, 2010 - Topaz Pharmaceuticals Inc., a privately held specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced the completion of two Phase 3 clinical trials that studied the use of ivermectin topical cream as a potential treatment for head lice. (fiercebiotech.com)
- The completion of our two Phase 3 clinical trials is a critical milestone in our development of ivermectin topical cream as a potential head lice treatment and for Topaz, as we continue to move closer to realizing our vision of being a commercial-stage company. (fiercebiotech.com)
- More than 600 patients participated in the two randomized Phase 3 ivermectin topical cream studies sponsored by Topaz. (fiercebiotech.com)
- Either ivermectin topical cream or placebo was dispensed to clinical trial participants six months of age and older for application to dry hair and scalp. (fiercebiotech.com)
- A novel topical form of ivermectin is currently under clinical investigation by Topaz as a potential therapy to treat head lice. (fiercebiotech.com)
- The company's lead investigational product is a topical cream formulation of ivermectin, under development for the treatment of head lice. (fiercebiotech.com)
- Ivermectin was found to have a curative effect on head lice after a single topical application. (ajtmh.org)
- For humans, ivermectin tablets are approved for the treatment of some parasitic worms, while topical formulations can be prescribed for the treatment of external parasites ( e.g. head lice) and skin conditions, such as rosacea. (veterinarypracticenews.com)
- HealthDay News) - A single 10-minute, at-home treatment with topical ivermectin lotion eliminates head lice infestations in nearly all patients by the next day, according to a study published in the Nov 1 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine . (empr.com)
- Topical ivermectin showed high efficacy within 24 hours, with most treated patients remaining louse-free through the final assessment two weeks after a single treatment, without the need for nit combing. (empr.com)
- Xeno 450 Ivermectin Spot-On is for the prevention and treatment of common internal and external parasites of small animals and birds in an easy to apply topical application. (vetuk.co.uk)
- Knowing that TOPICAL Ivermectin works and works well but not having access to it is very frustrating. (rosaceagroup.org)
- i could swear someone in that thread i provided the link to talks about using topical ivermectin. (rosaceagroup.org)
Effect of ivermectin2
- The FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine has recently become aware of increased public visibility of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin after the announcement of a research article that described the effect of ivermectin on SARS-CoV-2 in a laboratory setting. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cetirizine in horses: pharmacokinetics and effect of ivermectin pretreatment. (biomedsearch.com)
Mites15
- Ivermectin is also sometimes used to treat certain other roundworm infections, head or pubic lice infestation, and scabies (itchy skin condition caused by infestation with small mites that live under the skin). (medlineplus.gov)
- I'm no MD but it sounds like the popping and rash is the injectable ivermectin killing the mites and their rotting corpses in your skin are releasing bacteria that will go from a pink red rash to purple bruises as your body tries to rid itself of bad bacteria. (topix.com)
- In animals, especially dogs and cats, ivermectin is often used to treat and prevent heartworm , and to treat ear mites and some types of mange. (wisegeek.com)
- Ivermectin may be used to treat ear mites in both cats and dogs. (wisegeek.com)
- Ivermectin has been used to prevent parasite infections, as with heartworm prevention, and to treat infections, as with ear mites. (petplace.com)
- Though Ivermectin is effective against fur mites, lice and roundworms, it is less effective against ear mites and mange than injected or oral Ivermectin. (ehow.co.uk)
- This toxic reaction occurs especially in dogs that are genetically hypersensitive to ivermectin, an anti-parasite medication most commonly used for heartworm prevention, or to treat ear and hair mites , which can lead to mange . (petmd.com)
- I've been getting lots of private requests for information on dosing ivermectin to treat ear mites, body mites and roundworms. (fanciers.com)
- Would one treat body mites (Cheyletiella) by applying the Ivermectin topically in the ear canal too? (fanciers.com)
- Ivermectin is an anti-parasite medication given to dogs to prevent heartworm disease and to treat various other parasite-related conditions like demodectic and sarcoptic mange , and ear mites. (mercola.com)
- Currently, the FDA approves use of ivermectin for heartworm prevention and the treatment of ear mites (Acarexx®) only in dogs. (mercola.com)
- What is the dosage of injectable Ivermectin for mites? (petmd.com)
- I have decided I better treat them for worms/parasites/mites just in case, is Ivermectin in their water or on their skin the best way to go? (backyardchickens.com)
- Ivermectin How to treat for mites and lice? (guineapigcages.com)
- More information is available at http://www.guinealynx.info/search_ivermectin.html and http://www.guinealynx.info/search_mites.html . (guineapigcages.com)
Head lice3
- Ivermectin lotion is used to treat head lice (small bugs that attach themselves to the skin) in adults and children 6 months of age and older. (medlineplus.gov)
- For previously failed treatments for head lice, two doses of ivermectin given at a dose of 400 µg per kilogram in a seven day interval was shown to effectively treat head lice with a higher success rate than malathion lotion. (aocd.org)
- David M Pariser, MD, from the Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, and colleagues randomly assigned 765 patients with head lice (≥6 months of age) to a single application of 0.5% ivermectin lotion or vehicle control without nit combing. (empr.com)
Anthelmintic8
- STROMECTOL 1 (Ivermectin) is a semisynthetic, anthelmintic agent for oral administration. (nih.gov)
- Ivermectin is a semisynthetic, anthelmintic agent for oral administration. (nih.gov)
- Anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin against Syngamus trachea and Capillaria spp. (backyardchickens.com)
- To evaluate the use of ivermectin as a bird anthelmintic, 29 White Leghorn hens naturally infected with Ascaridia spp. (backyardchickens.com)
- The anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was tested in 98 dogs against adult ascarids (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina), hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum, A braziliense), and whipworms (Trichuris vulpis), and against experimentally induced infections (4th-stage larvae) of T canis and A caninum. (nih.gov)
- Licking behaviour induces partial anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin pour-on formulation in untreated cattle. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- The use of a classical pharmacodynamic model demonstrated a clear relationship between exposure and efficacy and enabled us to define the critical plasma or faecal ivermectin concentrations delimiting an exposure window associated with partial anthelmintic efficacy. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- This range of ivermectin plasma concentrations (0.1-1 ng/mL) could be considered as a potential selection window for anthelmintic resistance. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Lice3
- Lice: Ivermectin lotion (0.5%) is FDA-approved for patients six months of age and older. (wikipedia.org)
- According to MedlinePlus , a health information resource run by a branch of the NIH, ivermectin is an approved medication to treat different types of parasitic infections in humans and animals -- like lice. (10tv.com)
- Generic Ivermectin Injectable Dewormer Cattle & Swine wormer is used for the treatment and control of gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, grubs, ectoparasites, horn flies, sucking and biting lice as well as sarcoptic mange in cattle. (jefferspet.com)
Single-dose of ivermectin4
- A single dose of ivermectin reduces microfilaridermia by 98-99% after 1-2 months. (wikipedia.org)
- A single dose of ivermectin gives a rapid and durable decrease in body burden of eyeworm ( Loa loa ). (wikipedia.org)
- An analysis based on an economic model suggests that it is cost effective for people moving to Europe from areas where threadworm is common to be given a single-dose of ivermectin on arrival so as to cure presumptive infection with threadworm. (wikipedia.org)
- One group was given doxycycline for 6 weeks followed by a single dose of ivermectin. (cochrane.org)
Efficacy5
- It is a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of Ivermectin in COVID-19. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Following deliberations, experts decided not to include Ivermectin in the national clinical management protocol for Covid-19 because of lack of sufficient evidence on its efficacy based on randomised trials held in India and abroad," a source said.The Health Ministry has allowed the use of Remdesivir for restricted emergency use purposes in moderate cases under "investigational therapies" in the Clinical Management Protocol for Covid-19. (hindustantimes.com)
- But in a cattery or multiple cat situation, the convenience, spectrum of efficacy, and low cost of ivermectin is worth consideration in my opinion. (fanciers.com)
- In a randomized open study, we compared the efficacy of a single dose of oral ivermectin (200 μg/kg) and oral albendazole (400 mg/day for 21 days) for the treatment of cutaneous gnathostomiasis. (ajtmh.org)
- Ivermectin has been shown to inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro , which has led to off-label use, but clinical in-vivo efficacy has not been previously described. (ssrn.com)
Stromectol2
- Ivermectin (Stromectol) is a medication prescribed to treat infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis and for infections caused by the adult form of Onchocerca volvulus . (medicinenet.com)
- Ivermectin oral tablet is available as the brand-name drug Stromectol . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Paste4
- Noromectin Horse Wormer is a paste for horses is provided in a syringe containing 120mg of Ivermectin sufficient to worm a 700Kg horse. (vetuk.co.uk)
- Bimectin Horse Wormer is a ready-to-administer, 18.7mg/g oral paste formulation of Ivermectin PhEur. (vetuk.co.uk)
- Manure and bedding from 60 horses at Oxley Equestrian Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY de-wormed with 114 mg ivermectin paste each, was collected over a 3-day period in 2011 for composting. (cornell.edu)
- 2X Premium Apple Flavor Paste One-Year Horse Wormer Pack rotates between Pyrantel Pamoate and Ivermectin to provide economical year-round parasite control, including the control of tapeworms in the spring and fall. (valleyvet.com)
Onchocerciasis11
- Ivermectin is currently being used to help eliminate river blindness (onchocerciasis) in the Americas, and to stop transmission of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis around the world in programs sponsored by the Carter Center using ivermectin donated by Merck. (wikipedia.org)
- A single oral dose of ivermectin, taken annually for the 10-15-year lifespan of the adult worms, is all that is needed to protect the individual from onchocerciasis. (wikipedia.org)
- Ivermectin is used for prevention, treatment, and control of river blindness (onchocerciasis) in populations where the disease is common. (wikipedia.org)
- Ivermectin does not kill the adult worms that cause onchocerciasis and therefore it will not cure this type of infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are taking ivermectin to treat onchocerciasis, additional doses 3, 6, or 12 months later may be necessary to control your infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- In humans, ivermectin is most often used to treat threadworm, or strongyloidiasis, infestation and river blindness , or onchocerciasis . (wisegeek.com)
- Ivermectin has traditionally been used for worm infestations such as onchocerciasis and strongyloidiasis. (aocd.org)
- Available evidence on the effectiveness of doxycycline plus ivermectin compared with ivermectin alone in preventing and treating onchocerciasis is unclear. (cochrane.org)
- Ivermectin (a microfilaricide) is widely distributed to endemic populations for prevention and treatment of onchocerciasis. (cochrane.org)
- First developed from a soil bacterium, widespread oral use of ivermectin, under the brand name Mectizan®, began in 1987 in sub-Saharan Africa to control onchocerciasis (river blindness) in humans. (fiercebiotech.com)
- Ivermectin is used in veterinary practice against many ectoparasites and endoparasites and is the drug of choice for treatment of human onchocerciasis. (ajtmh.org)
Topically10
- Ivermectin can be given by mouth, topically, or via injection. (wikipedia.org)
- How Do I Topically Apply Ivermectin on a Rabbit? (ehow.co.uk)
- Whereas Ivermectin is more effective when injected, Selamectin can be given topically with optimal results. (ehow.co.uk)
- http://www.ehow.co.uk/way_5825300_do-topically-apply-ivermectin-rabbit_.html. (ehow.co.uk)
- It is able to be more effective than systemic ivermectin because the medication is topically applied at the site of infestation. (healio.com)
- The answers I´ve gotten are yes if given that way--ivermectin by injection or orally and Advantage as directed topically. (guinealynx.info)
- If there is a decision to use one or the other, the ivermectin topically is definitely more broad-spectrum as Lynx mentions. (guinealynx.info)
- Diluting one part 1% ivermectin to three parts mineral oil will create a solution that can be dosed topically in the same amounts as the 0.27% solution. (fanciers.com)
- Personally, I prefer to dose ivermectin topically rather than by injection. (fanciers.com)
- Ivermectin toxicity can occur whether the drug is given orally, topically (applied to the skin) or parenterally (by IV or injection). (mercola.com)
Systemic2
- 2 , 3 The safety of the lotion has not been established in patients younger than six months, and use in this age group is not recommended because of the potential risk of increased systemic absorption and ivermectin toxicity. (aafp.org)
- The ivermectin is systemic (taken internally). (guinealynx.info)
Toxicity in Dogs2
- Signs of ivermectin toxicity in dogs can occur acute or subacutely. (petplace.com)
- Ivermectin Toxicity in Dogs This toxic reaction occurs especially in dogs that are genetically hypersensitive to ivermectin, an anti-parasite. (petmd.com)
Unusual or allergic reaction to ivermectin1
- Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to ivermectin or any other medicines. (drugs.com)
Soolantra2
- TASE: PRGO) has received tentative approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for the generic version of Soolantra ( ivermectin ) cream, 1%, the company said. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Healthcare company Perrigo Company plc (NYSE:PRGO) (TASE:PRGO) reported on Tuesday the receipt of the tentative approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for the generic version of Soolantra ( ivermectin ) cream, 1% for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea. (thefreedictionary.com)
River blindness2
- A single oral dose of ivermectin, taken once or twice a year for the 10-15-year lifespan of the adult worms, is required to protect the individual from river blindness. (wikipedia.org)
- We reviewed the evidence on the effect of adding doxycycline to ivermectin, the usual treatment for people with river blindness (RB). (cochrane.org)
Parasitic7
- Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic medication. (medicinenet.com)
- Ivermectin oral tablet is used to treat parasitic infections of your intestinal tract, skin, and eyes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Ivermectin belongs to a class of drugs called anti-parasitic drugs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic medication often used to treat parasitic worm infestations in animals and humans. (wisegeek.com)
- Treating dogs that are susceptible to ivermectin toxicity with parasitic medication should be only be done under a veterinarian's supervision and with great caution. (petmd.com)
- Ivermectin has anti-parasitic effect along with anti-viral activity against a broad range of viruses in vitro. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- While some have floated the anti-parasitic drug ivermectin as a possible COVID-19 treatment, the FDA has stressed it shouldn't be used outside of clinical trials. (10tv.com)
Heartworm4
- Heartworm in dogs can be treated and prevented by administering ivermectin. (wisegeek.com)
- The dose of ivermectin in heartworm preventives is small (6 µg/kg) compared to the amounts recommended for off-label use of the drug. (mercola.com)
- Off-label use of ivermectin typically involves much higher dosages than the amount in a heartworm preventive - as much as 50 times higher, in fact. (mercola.com)
- As a reference point, the recommended veterinary dose of ivermectin for heartworm prevention in dogs is 6 µg/kg. (mercola.com)
Take ivermectin7
- Take ivermectin exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- To help clear up your infection, take ivermectin exactly as directed. (drugs.com)
- How should I take ivermectin? (adventisthealthcare.com)
- Take ivermectin on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- To effectively treat your infection, you may need to take ivermectin again several months to a year after your first dose. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- But despite some success in clinical trials, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has said that people should not take ivermectin to try and prevent or treat COVID-19. (10tv.com)
- Re: How long can you take Ivermectin safely? (curezone.com)
Injectable ivermectin3
- I have been taking the injectable ivermectin once every 3 days for about a month. (topix.com)
- She has a mite infestation and been provided with injectable ivermectin by her vet. (guinealynx.info)
- Its very hard to find injectable ivermectin other then Ivomec so I was pleased to see this being sold by Jeffers. (jefferspet.com)
Injected or given ora1
- Ivermectin can be injected or given orally, but it is also well aborbed through the skin. (fanciers.com)
Infection10
- Ivermectin is as effective as albendazole or alternative antinematode drugs for treatment of pinworm infection (enterobiasis). (wikipedia.org)
- If you are taking ivermectin to treat strongyloidiasis, you will need to have a stool exam at least three times during the first 3 months after your treatment to see if your infection has cleared. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ivermectin is used for intestinal infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis . (medicinenet.com)
- Ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug, being touted as a possible treatment for the coronavirus infection will not be included in the Health Ministry's Clinical Management Protocol for Covid-19, sources said on Thursday. (hindustantimes.com)
- Importantly, Ivermectin has been demonstrated to limit infection by RNA viruses such as West Nile Virus and influenza. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Finally, Ivermectin was the focus of a phase III clinical trial in Thailand against DENV infection, in which a single daily oral dose was observed to be safe and resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of viral NS1 protein, but no change in viremia or clinical benefit was observed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In clinical setting, Ivermectin was the focus of a phase III clinical trial on patients with dengue viral infection in Thailand, in which a single daily dose (200 - 400 µg/kg once daily for 2 days in one arm and 200-400 µg/kg once daily for 3 days in the other arm) was found to be safe but did not produce any clinical benefit. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Ivermectin is an antibiotic designed to help horses resist a number of bacteria and other forms of infection. (vetuk.co.uk)
- Ivermectin Pour-On has been proved to effectively control infections and to protect cattle from re-infection with Ostertagia ostertagi, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata and Cooperia oncophora for 14 days after treatment. (atozvetsupply.com)
- 280 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, of whom 173 were treated with ivermectin and 107 with usual care, were reviewed. (ssrn.com)
Wormer4
- I've met several people here that lost or almost lost their birds because they thought ivermectin was an effective wormer. (backyardchickens.com)
- Eraquell Horse Wormer contains Ivermectin and is effective against most common worms except tapeworm and encysted small redworms. (vetuk.co.uk)
- This Ivermectin Wormer is apple flavored to make treating your horse much more pleasant. (tackroominc.com)
- Equimax is the only ivermectin/praziquantel horse wormer approved as safe for all horses. (valleyvet.com)
Broad-spectrum antiparasitic2
- Ivermectin is a member of the avermectin class of broad-spectrum antiparasitic agents which have a unique mode of action. (nih.gov)
- Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent. (fiercebiotech.com)
Patients who received ivermectin1
- Of the 20 patients who received ivermectin, 8 had a complete initial clinical response, a partial response was achieved in 9, and minimal improvement occurred in 3. (nih.gov)
Susceptible to ivermectin toxicity1
- If you have one of the breeds that is more susceptible to ivermectin toxicity, please speak to your veterinarian about the risks and benefits of ivermectin. (pethealthnetwork.com)
Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin1
- Good treatment coverage of community-directed treatment with ivermectin was achieved between 2005 and 2009 after the 11-year civil conflict. (springer.com)
Ivomec3
- In the United States, Ivermectin is sold under the brand name Ivomec, and is available through a prescription from a veterinarian. (ehow.co.uk)
- Ivomec Drench is a ready-to-use, free-flowing solution of ivermectin. (medi-vet.com)
- IVOMEC Drench for Sheep is administered orally at a dose of 3.0 mL (2.4 mg ivermectin) per 26 lb body weight or 200 mcg ivermectin per kilogram of body weight. (medi-vet.com)
Paralysis and death1
- Ivermectin is a commonly used parasite drug that causes neurologic damage to the parasite, resulting in paralysis and death. (petplace.com)
Kilogram of body weight1
- Noromectin Injection is formulated to deliver the recommended dose level of 200 mcg ivermectin/kilogram of body weight in cattle when given subcutaneously at the rate of 1 mL/110 lb (50 kg). (lcsupply.com)
Lotion12
- Ivermectin comes as a lotion to apply to the scalp and hair. (medlineplus.gov)
- Use ivermectin lotion exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ivermectin lotion should only be used on the hair and scalp. (medlineplus.gov)
- If ivermectin lotion gets in your eyes, flush them with water right away. (medlineplus.gov)
- Apply ivermectin lotion to dry hair and dry scalp area starting at the scalp and then working outwards towards the ends of your hair. (medlineplus.gov)
- Leave the lotion on your hair and scalp for 10 minutes after you have completely covered your hair and scalp with ivermectin lotion. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not use ivermectin lotion again without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ivermectin lotion may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not freeze ivermectin lotion. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ivermectin also comes as a cream and a lotion you apply to your skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- 1 , 2 Ivermectin 0.5% lotion does not have the neurotoxicity concerns of lindane or the flammability concerns of malathion (Ovide). (aafp.org)
- A single treatment of ivermectin lotion (one 4-oz tube) costs approximately $280. (aafp.org)
Veterinary3
- Ivermectin sensitivity testing (the presence MDR-1 mutant gene) is available at Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. (petplace.com)
- Ivermectin is currently approved for treatment of both clinical and veterinary infections by nematodes, including Onchocerca cervicalis in horses and Onchocerca volvulus in humans. (harvard.edu)
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) issued a statement regarding the recent "increased public visibility" of ivermectin following the pre-publication of research paper, describing the effect of the drug on SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in a laboratory setting. (veterinarypracticenews.com)
Side effects of ivermectin3
- What are the side effects of ivermectin? (medicinenet.com)
- Side effects of ivermectin usage in humans can include diarrhea, vomiting , weakness, dizziness , and uncontrollable shaking. (wisegeek.com)
- Drinking alcohol can increase certain side effects of ivermectin. (adventisthealthcare.com)
Inhibit5
- Since drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes often also inhibit P-glycoprotein transport, the risk of increased absorption past the blood-brain barrier exists when ivermectin is administered along with other CYP3A4 inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
- The findings of in vitro studies using human liver microsomes suggest that clinically relevant concentrations of ivermectin do not significantly inhibit the metabolizing activities of CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2E1. (nih.gov)
- showed a month ago that Ivermectin could inhibit the coronavirus in vitro . (sciencemag.org)
- Ivermectin directly binds this pocket to inhibit MAPKAP2-mediated HSP27 phosphorylation and depolymerization, thereby blocking HSP27-regulated survival signaling and client-oncoprotein interactions. (jci.org)
- Ivermectin has since been confirmed to inhibit HIV-1 replication. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Infestations1
- Ivermectin is a medication used to treat many types of parasite infestations. (wikipedia.org)
Dewormer2
- I just gave Ivermectin pour on dewormer to two steers. (cattletoday.com)
- Product will be a 1% Ivermectin sterile solution to be used as injectable dewormer for cattle or swine only. (jefferspet.com)
Allergic3
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to ivermectin or any other medications. (medlineplus.gov)
- I took ivermectin a month ago and had a terrible allergic reaction called bullous pemphrigoid - put me in hospital and now I need to be on steroids for months. (topix.com)
- You should not use ivermectin if you are allergic to it. (adventisthealthcare.com)
Orally2
- Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bw) given orally 1.5 h before cetirizine did not affect its pharmacokinetics. (biomedsearch.com)
- It is formulated to deliver the recommended dose rate of 0.2 mg ivermectin per 1 kg body weight given orally at a volume of 3.0 mL per 26 lb body weight. (medi-vet.com)
Drugs13
- Which drugs or supplements interact with ivermectin? (medicinenet.com)
- Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with ivermectin are listed below. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Using ivermectin with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. (drugs.com)
- Like most other prescription drugs, ivermectin can have drug interactions, contraindications, and side effects. (wisegeek.com)
- Ivermectin can interact with certain drugs, including those used to treat mental illness, anxiety, and muscle spasms. (wisegeek.com)
- Patients are generally advised to discuss their use of prescription and non-prescription drugs, medical history, and use of alcohol before taking ivermectin. (wisegeek.com)
- One of the small-molecule drugs that's getting attention as a possible coronavirus treatment is Ivermectin , which is an interesting story from a couple of different directions. (sciencemag.org)
- What other drugs will affect ivermectin? (adventisthealthcare.com)
- Other drugs may interact with ivermectin, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. (adventisthealthcare.com)
- Ivermectin potentiated activity of anti-androgen receptor and anti-EGFR drugs in prostate and EGFR/HER2-driven tumor models, respectively, identifying a repurposing approach for cotargeting stress-adaptive responses to overcome resistance to inhibitors of oncogenic pathway signaling. (jci.org)
- Combined treatment with both drugs is believed to cause direct microfilarial death by ivermectin and indirect macrofilarial death by doxycycline. (cochrane.org)
- The agency fears the paper could lead individuals to use animal-intended ivermectin products, and is reminding health professionals not to condone the use of drugs for purposes not outlined by FDA. (veterinarypracticenews.com)
- Several antiplatelet drugs that can be caused by concomitant extra-label use of ivermectin with comfortis intravenous injections at home to t3. (imagenenaccion.org)
Injection2
- Sheep were treated with injection Ivermectin (Neomec (a)) @ 200 [micro]g /kg b. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Getting ivermectin to draw into an insulin syringe is an ordeal in itself (it is a very viscous solution) If kittens under that weight are to be dosed via injection, the solution must be diluted in propylene glycol. (fanciers.com)
Strongyloidiasis2
- Ivermectin is more effective than albendazole and equally as effective as thiabendazole for treatment of threadworm (strongyloidiasis). (wikipedia.org)
- Intestinal strongyloidiasis: If weighing more than 85 kg take 200 mcg/kg of ivermectin by mouth as a single dose. (medicinenet.com)
Albendazole4
- Ivermectin has fewer adverse effects than does thiabendazole and is at least as well tolerated as albendazole. (wikipedia.org)
- Combination therapy with ivermectin plus albendazole is effective for treatment of whipworm ( Trichuris trichiura ) and the rate of Mazzotti reaction is no higher than for albendazole alone. (wikipedia.org)
- Combination therapy with ivermectin plus albendazole is effective for treatment of Lymphatic filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , or Brugia timori . (wikipedia.org)
- Thirty-one patients were randomly assigned to receive ivermectin (n = 17) or albendazole (n = 14). (ajtmh.org)
Cattle4
- Of the ML, ivermectin (IVM) is currently the most popular compound in tropical cattle ranching (Rodriguez-Vivas et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
- I use ivermectin cattle pour-on for my birds. (backyardchickens.com)
- In case this link breaks, it's Durvet Ivermectin Pour-On for Cattle, with 5 mg/ml of ivermectin. (guineapigcages.com)
- Therefore, we evaluated the impact of ivermectin exchange between cattle on the reduction in the faecal egg count (FEC) after pour-on administration in a group of 10 heifers experimentally infected with Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Form of ivermectin1
- People should not take any form of ivermectin unless it has been prescribed by a licensed health care provider and is obtained through a legitimate source. (medlineplus.gov)
Coronavirus4
- But since denguevirus is also a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus, Ivermectin has come up as a possible coronavirus drug, mechanism or not. (sciencemag.org)
- Due to recent articles regarding Ivermectin and the Coronavirus, we are limiting orders to 2 per customer unless you have ordered Ivermectin from Jeffers before. (jefferspet.com)
- What is ivermectin and could it help treat coronavirus? (10tv.com)
- Remember the Japanese wonder drug Ivermectin that killed Coronavirus in the lab? (joannenova.com.au)
DRUG23
- The risk of ivermectin-associated severe adverse drug events is very low in persons with less than 20,000 microfilariae per mL of blood. (wikipedia.org)
- The Antiviral Research pre-publication paper, The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro documents how SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) responded to ivermectin when exposed in a petri dish. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ivermectin is an important part of a parasite control program for certain species and should only be given to animals for approved uses or as prescribed by a veterinarian in compliance with the requirements for extra-label drug use. (medlineplus.gov)
- Is ivermectin available as a generic drug? (medicinenet.com)
- Ivermectin oral tablet is available as a brand-name drug and a generic drug. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Ivermectin is a prescription drug. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The Kenya Medical Research Institute scientists tested the drug, Ivermectin , at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kisumu. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The couple were advised to take a drug called ivermectin , however, they had to import the medicine from outside as it was not licensed in Canada. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Ivermectin is a safe drug when not overused, but there's always the possibility of the unforeseen. (topix.com)
- Ivermectin toxicity is seen when an overdose of the drug ivermectin is administered or consumed or in pets with increased sensitivity to the drug. (petplace.com)
- Toxicity may also result when ivermectin is used in high does in conjunction with the drug Comfortis™ (spinosad). (petplace.com)
- ivermectin is a topic covered in the Davis's Drug Guide . (unboundmedicine.com)
- Washington Manual , www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109573/all/ivermectin. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Since Revolution is a drug that is related to ivermectin, you should consult with your veterinarian before administering this product to your dog. (vetinfo.com)
- Interestingly, it has been postulated that the FDA-approved drug Ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro whereas a single treatment was able to provoke approximately 5000-fold reduction in viral load within 48h. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Additionally, the FDA hasn't issued an emergency use authorization for ivermectin, which allows a drug still undergoing testing to be used outside of clinical trials. (10tv.com)
- Ivermectin is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, which is a major drug efflux transporter in cellular membranes at various sites. (biomedsearch.com)
- Ivermectin isn't an over-the-counter drug here, so they may not be allowed to send it. (guineapigcages.com)
- Animals at highest risk are very young dogs, multi-drug sensitive breeds, dogs that may be exposed to ivermectin-containing products for large animals and/or the feces of large animals (horses, cows, pigs) treated with ivermectin. (mercola.com)
- There is no antidote for ivermectin toxicosis, so treatment is primarily supportive and depends on the amount of drug ingested and the susceptibility of the dog. (mercola.com)
- 5 Ivermectin cream is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category C drug. (aafp.org)
- Drug information on Ivermectol (12 mg) (Ivermectin) from Ochoa Laboratories Pvt. (medindia.net)
- If the drug was given within the past 4 - 6 hours, your veterinarian may induce vomiting and/or give your dog activated charcoal to help minimize the amount of ivermectin that is absorbed. (pethealthnetwork.com)
Demodex3
- Demodex treatment after Ivermectin Toxicity? (vetinfo.com)
- I have a 1 year old golden Retriever who was being treated for Demodex with high dose Ivermectin. (vetinfo.com)
- Ivermectin for Demodex. (rosaceagroup.org)
Parasite3
- Ivermectin oral tablet works by binding to parts inside the parasite. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Ivermectin (ivermectin) Pour-On delivers internal and external parasite control in one convenient low-volume application. (atozvetsupply.com)
- Zimecterin Gold combines ivermectin and praziquantel to provide the broadest spectrum of parasite control available for horses. (valleyvet.com)
Kills1
- Ivermectin kills by interfering with nervous system and muscle function, in particular by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. (wikipedia.org)
Effectiveness2
- Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of ivermectin oral. (webmd.com)
- The FDA recognizes ivermectin has shown some effectiveness in a laboratory setting but additional testing is needed, as the results from trials are still limited, the agency's site said. (10tv.com)
Contains 10 mg1
- 2) Each mL of solution contains 10 mg ivermectin. (cornell.edu)
Identified as an inh1
- Ivermectin was identified as an inhibitor of interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase protein (IN) and the importin (IMP) α/β1 heterodimer responsible for IN nuclear import. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Severe7
- 20,000 Loa loa microfilariae per mL), due to risk of ivermectin-associated severe inflammatory events. (wikipedia.org)
- A 13-year-old boy with severe rosacea before (A) and 1 month (B) and 4 months (C) after receiving oral therapy with a single dose of 250 μg/kg ivermectin (case 3). (aad.org)
- Ivermectin cream will produce clearing or almost clearing of rosacea lesions in 40% to 80% of patients with moderate to severe symptoms after three months of treatment (number needed to treat [NNT] = 4 to 5). (aafp.org)
- 3 , 4 These results were demonstrated in two trials comparing ivermectin cream with placebo cream in 1,371 patients with moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea. (aafp.org)
- Ivermectin cream is an effective treatment for moderate to severe pustular rosacea, but it is more expensive than some other available treatments and has not been studied in patients with milder forms of rosacea. (aafp.org)
- There was a severe drop in ivermectin concentration in the manure/bedding mixture within the first few days of composting indicating exponential decay. (cornell.edu)
- Mortality was also lower among patients with severe pulmonary involvement treated with ivermectin (38·8% vs 80·7%, OR 0·15, CI 0·05-0·47, p=0·001), but there were no significant differences in successful extubation rates (36·1% vs 15·4%, OR 3·11 (0·88-11·00), p=0·07) or length of stay. (ssrn.com)
Infections3
- Ivermectin is also used for infections caused by non-adult form of Onchocerca volvulus . (medicinenet.com)
- Ivermectin is used in the treatment of certain worm infections. (drugs.com)
- Ivermectin was only marginally effective (34.2%, 46.2%, 69.2%, and 53.8%) against Toxascaris leonina at 50, 100, 200, and 400 micrograms/kg, respectively, and had no effect against occasional infections with the tapeworms, Dipylidium caninum (14 dogs) and Taenia spp (3 dogs). (nih.gov)
Placebo1
- These studies compared 0.5% ivermectin cream with a vehicle control (placebo). (fiercebiotech.com)
Horse wormers1
- This comprehensive range of Ivermectin Horse Wormers contains a number of highly effective and easy to administer horse wormers. (vetuk.co.uk)