Isotope labeling. Medical search

Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Stable nitrogen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element nitrogen, but differ in atomic weight. N-15 is a stable nitrogen isotope.

Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Stable zinc atoms that have the same atomic number as the element zinc, but differ in atomic weight. Zn-66-68, and 70 are stable zinc isotopes.

Stable sulfur atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sulfur, but differ in atomic weight. S-33, 34, and 36 are stable sulfur isotopes.

Deuterium. The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.

Stable iron atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iron, but differ in atomic weight. Fe-54, 57, and 58 are stable iron isotopes.

Stable strontium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element strontium, but differ in the atomic weight. Sr-84, 86, 87, and 88 are the stable strontium isotopes.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such as a dye, radionuclide, or chilled liquid, into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Stable mercury atoms that have the same atomic number as the element mercury, but differ in atomic weight. Hg-196, 198-201, and 204 are stable mercury isotopes.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.

Creation and development of bodies within solar systems, includes study of early planetary geology.

Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

Unstable isotopes of zinc that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Zn atoms with atomic weights 60-63, 65, 69, 71, and 72 are radioactive zinc isotopes.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.

The sequence of transfers of matter and energy from organism to organism in the form of FOOD. Food chains intertwine locally into a food web because most organisms consume more than one type of animal or plant. PLANTS, which convert SOLAR ENERGY to food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS, are the primary food source. In a predator chain, a plant-eating animal is eaten by a larger animal. In a parasite chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by smaller organisms. In a saprophytic chain, microorganisms live on dead organic matter.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The ash, dust, gases, and lava released by volcanic explosion. The gases are volatile matter composed principally of about 90% water vapor, and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. The ash or dust is pyroclastic ejecta and lava is molten extrusive material consisting mainly of magnesium silicate. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The period of history before 500 of the common era.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

Radioactive substances added in minute amounts to the reacting elements or compounds in a chemical process and traced through the process by appropriate detection methods, e.g., Geiger counter. Compounds containing tracers are often said to be tagged or labeled. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Bodies preserved either by the ancient Egyptian technique or due to chance under favorable climatic conditions.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. This subclass contains the DECARBOXYLASES, the ALDEHYDE-LYASES, and the OXO-ACID-LYASES. EC 4.1.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.

The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the sun. It includes eight planets, one minor planet, and 34 natural satellites, more than 1,000 observed comets, and thousands of lesser bodies known as MINOR PLANETS (asteroids) and METEOROIDS. (From Academic American Encyclopedia, 1983)

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

Inorganic compounds that include a positively charged tetrahedral nitrogen (ammonium ion) as part of their structure. This class of compounds includes a broad variety of simple ammonium salts and derivatives.

A research technique to measure solvent exposed regions of molecules that is used to provide insight about PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

Disciplines that apply sciences to law. Forensic sciences include a wide range of disciplines, such as FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; FORENSIC MEDICINE; FORENSIC DENTISTRY; and others.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Chemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-. The sulfur atom can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD.

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Stable gold atoms that have the same atomic number as the element gold, but differ in atomic weight. Au-197 is a stable isotope.

Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Planet that is the third in order from the sun. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the SOLAR SYSTEM.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Uranium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.

Pollutants, present in water or bodies of water, which exhibit radioactivity.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

An extinct genus of large mammals in the family Elephantidae that fed by grazing on low vegetation. Most died out at the end of the last ice age.

Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Chemical and physical transformation of the biogenic elements from their nucleosynthesis in stars to their incorporation and subsequent modification in planetary bodies and terrestrial biochemistry. It includes the mechanism of incorporation of biogenic elements into complex molecules and molecular systems, leading up to the origin of life.

Stable potassium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element potassium, but differ in atomic weight. K-41 is a stable potassium isotope.

Unstable isotopes of potassium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. K atoms with atomic weights 37, 38, 40, and 42-45 are radioactive potassium isotopes.

Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Radiographic visualization of the cerebral ventricles by injection of air or other gas.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Benzoate derivatives that contain one or more alkyl or aryl groups linked to the benzene ring structure by OXYGEN.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes.

Events and activities of the Earth and its structures.

The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.

The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.

Stable gallium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element gallium, but differ in atomic weight. Ga-71 is a stable gallium isotope.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

A widely used industrial solvent.

Stable phosphorus atoms that have the same atomic number as the element phosphorus, but differ in atomic weight. P-31 is a stable phosphorus isotope.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Dysprosium. An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Activation analysis in which the specimen is bombarded with neutrons. Identification is made by measuring the resulting radioisotopes. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Measurement of cells' substrate utilization and biosynthetic output for modeling of METABOLIC NETWORKS.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)

A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.82, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

Stable yttrium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element yttrium, but differ in atomic weight. Y-89 is the only naturally occurring stable isotope of yttrium.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Actinium. A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, atomic number 89, and atomic weight 227.0278. Its principal isotope is 227 and decays primarily by beta-emission.

An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.

Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of chromium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cr atoms with atomic weights of 46-49, 51, 55, and 56 are radioactive chromium isotopes.

Plutonium. A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, atomic number 94, and atomic weight 242. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.

The fourth planet in order from the sun. Its two natural satellites are Deimos and Phobos. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Canavalia ensiformis is the source of CONCANAVALIN A.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.

Eating of excrement by animal species.

Impact of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine on (deoxy)ribonucleotide metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis in tumor cells. (1/3036)

Following exposure to 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (an inhibitor of the cellular DNA polymerases alpha, delta and epsilon), human erythroleukemia K562, human T-lymphoid CEM and murine leukemia L1210 cells markedly accumulated in the S phase of the cell cycle. In contrast to DNA replication, RNA synthesis (transcription) and protein synthesis (mRNA translation) were not affected by 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-adenine. The ribonucleoside triphosphate pools were slightly elevated, while the intracellular levels of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were 1.5-4-fold increased in 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine-treated K562, CEM and L1210 cells. The effect of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine on de novo (thymidylate synthase-mediated) and salvage (thymidine kinase-mediated) dTTP synthesis was investigated using radio-labelled nucleoside precursors. The amount of thymidylate synthase-derived dTTP in the acid soluble pool was 2-4-fold higher in PMEA-treated than in untreated K562 cells, which is in accord with the 3-4-fold expansion of the global dTTP level in the presence of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. Strikingly, 2-derived dTTP accumulated to a much higher extent (i.e. 16-40-fold) in the soluble dTTP pool upon 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine treatment. In keeping with this finding, a markedly increased thymidine kinase activity could be demonstrated in extracts of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine-treated K562 cell cultures. Also, in the presence of 200 microM 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, 14-fold less thymidylate synthase-derived but only 3-fold less thymidine kinase-derived dTTP was incorporated into the DNA of the K562 cells. These data show that thymidine incorporation may be inappropriate as a cell proliferation marker in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitors such as 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine. Our findings indicate that 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine causes a peculiar pattern of (deoxy)ribonucleotide metabolism deregulation in drug-treated tumor cells, as a result of the metabolic block imposed by the drug on the S phase of the cell cycle. (+info)

Transfer of the 1-pro-R and the 1-pro-S hydrogen atoms of ethanol in metabolic reductions in vivo. (2/3036)

The transfer of deuterium from [1 R-2H]ethanol and [1 S-2H]-ethanol to reduced metabolites of administered compounds was measured in female rats provided with bile fistulas. Administered cyclohexanone was reduced to cyclohexanol, and in this reduction hydrogen was transferred only from the 1-pro-R position of the ethanol. The deuterium content in the cyclohexanol was about 67% of that in the ethanol. In the reduction of the 17-oxo group in 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one, hydrogen was transferred both from the 1-pro-R position and the 1-pro-S position, resulting in degrees of labelling that were about 25% and 2%, respectively, of those in the specific positions of the ethanols. The 1-pro-R and 1-pro-S positions of ethanol contributed about 9% and 5%, respectively, of the 3beta hydrogen in lithocholic acid formed from 3-oxo-5beta-cholanoic acid. The results indicate that alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase do not share a common pool of NAD, and that NADH formed during acetaldehyde oxidation is utilized for reductions in the cytosol to a smaller extent than the NADH formed in the alcohol dehydrogenase reaction. This result supports the concept that aldehyde oxidation is mainly an intramitochondrial process. The relatively extensive utilization of the 1-pro-S hydrogen of ethanol in the reduction of 3-oxo-5beta-cholanoic acid, that is probably NADPH-dependent, indicates that cytosolic NADPH may be produced from malate or isocitrate formed intramitochondrially. (+info)

Kinetics of thyroglobulin iodination and of hormone synthesis catalysed by thyroid peroxidase. Role of iodide in the coupling reaction. (3/3036)

The kinetics of tyrosine iodination and of thyroxine synthesis in thyroglobulin, different reactions catalyzed by the same enzyme (thyroid peroxidase), have been compared. Thyroxine synthesis always began after a lag period of 3-5 min. This lag was constant whatever the rate of iodination; this rate of iodination was increased either by increasing the concentration of iodide or enzyme or by decreasing the concentration of thyroglobulin. Increasing the rate of iodination resulted in increasing the number of iodine atoms incorporated during the lag period. Thus the lag observed for thyroxine synthesis was constant and did not depend on the fact that free iodide or non-iodinated tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin were exhausted before thyroxine synthesis occurred. Finally, it appeared that, whatever the explanation of the lag, the enzyme catlyzes thyroid hormone synthesis at a slower rate than iodination. The existence of a lag also allowed us to prepare thyroglobulin samples with different iodine contents but without thyroid hormones. Thus iodination and thyroxine synthesis could be studied independently and the following results were obtained. 1. Iodotyrosine residues which can couple to form thytoxine are made considerably before coupling occurs. 2. H2O2 is required for coupling of these hormonogenic residues; thus the coupling reaction requires enzymic oxidation of the iodotyrosine residues. 3. In addition a strict requirement for iodide was needed for coupling; the requirement was dependent on the concentration of iodide. Thus iodide, a substrate of the iodination reaction, may also have other effects on the activity of thyroid peroxidase. (+info)

Quantitative determination of N-acetylglucosamine residues at the non-reducing ends of peptidoglycan chains by enzymic attachment of [14C]-D-galactose. (4/3036)

The ability of human milk galactosyltransferase to attach D-galactose residues quantitatively to the C-4 of N-acetylglucosamine moieties at the ends of oligosaccharides has been utilized for the specific labeling and quantitative determination of the chain length of the glycan moiety of the bacterial cell wall. The average polysaccharide chain length of the soluble, uncrosslinked peptidoglycan secreted by Micrococcus luteus cells on incubation with penicillin G was studied with this technique and found to be approximately 70 hexosamines long. Furthermore, the peptidoglycan chain length of Escherichia coli sacculi of different cell shapes and dimensions was determined both in rod-shaped cells and in filaments induced by temperature shift of a division mutant or by addition of cephalexin or nalidixic acid. The average chain length found in most of these sacculi was between 70 and 100 hexosamines long. Small spherical 'mini' cells had chain lengths similar to those of the isogenic rod-like cells. (+info)

Radioactive labelling of ribosomal proteins with reductive alkylation and its use in studying ribosome-cytosol interactions. (5/3036)

Mouse brain ribosomes were radioactively labelled by a cell-free reductive alkylation reaction with NaBH4 and [14C]formaldehyde. The radioactivity was largely associated with ribosomal proteins, but little, if any, of the rRNA was radioactive after the alkylation procedure. Both ribosomal structural proteins and loosely associated components were successfully labelled by this procedure. The sedimentation properties of the ribosomes were unaltered and their ability to carry out poly(U)-directed protein synthesis, although decreased, was largely retained. Incubation of 14C-labelled ribosomes with brain cytosol resulted in a 17% loss of radioactivity, although treatment of the ribosomes with 1.0 m-KCl to remove the loosely associated factors rendered the ribonucleoprotein particles resistant to cytosol effects. The ribosome-cytosol interactions did not appear to be related to an exchange process, since the released radioactivity was largely degraded to acid-soluble material. In addition, the incubation of native ribosomes with brain cytosol resulted in an almost complete loss in the ability of the ribosomes to participate in cell-free protein synthesis. (+info)

Intratumoral distribution of two consecutive injections of chimeric antibody G250 in primary renal cell carcinoma: implications for fractionated dose radioimmunotherapy. (6/3036)

Tumor uptake of the chimeric G250 (cG250) monoclonal antibody (mAb) in patients with primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the highest reported in solid tumors. However, as observed in other tumor types, the intratumoral distribution of the antibody is highly heterogeneous, which may limit the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy. A number of highly dynamic physiological factors have been postulated that may contribute to heterogeneous tumor uptake of antibodies. Their impact on tumor uptake of antibodies may vary from one tumor region to another as well as from one day to the next. Here, we report on a clinical study that was designed to investigate whether the pattern of mAb cG250 uptake within RCC tumors is altered with subsequent injections. Ten patients with a clinical diagnosis of primary RCC were studied. Nine days before surgery, patients received 125I-cG250 (5 mg of cG250, 50 microCi of 125I), followed by a second injection of 131I-cG250 (5 mg of cG250, 3.5 mCi of 131I) 4 days later. Postsurgery, the tumor was cut into (1-cm) thick slices. Slices were imaged on a gamma camera, and the slice with the most pronounced heterogeneity in 131I-cG250 distribution was selected and cut into 1-cm3 cubes. Each cube was analyzed for 121I-cG250 and 131I-cG250 uptake, and the 131I/125I ratio was determined. For each tumor slice, the distribution patterns of both isotopes were reconstructed and compared with each other. All tumors analyzed showed a heterogeneous distribution of both isotopes throughout the tumor slice; focal uptake in some areas of a tumor reached very high levels (up to 0.19% injected dose/g), whereas other tumorous areas of the same slice showed much lower uptake (as low as 0.0047% injected dose/g). Remarkably, in all tumors, the distribution pattern of both injections was identical: without exception, in all samples analyzed (n = 692), the uptake of 125I-cG250 was similar to 131I-cG250 uptake. Overall, the 131I/125I ratio was 1.64+/-0.31 (mean+/-SD). The constant 131I/125I ratios, observed in all tumor samples investigated, indicate that the tumor parameters governing cG250 mAb uptake were not altered significantly within the time period studied. In addition, the results of this study suggest that multiple radiolabeled antibody injections, administered within short time periods, will target the same areas within a tumor and, thus, will not solve the problem of heterogeneous tumor uptake of antibody. (+info)

Structures of the M2 channel-lining segments from nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptors by NMR spectroscopy. (7/3036)

The structures of functional peptides corresponding to the predicted channel-lining M2 segments of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and of a glutamate receptor of the NMDA subtype (NMDAR) were determined using solution NMR experiments on micelle samples, and solid-state NMR experiments on bilayer samples. Both M2 segments form straight transmembrane alpha-helices with no kinks. The AChR M2 peptide inserts in the lipid bilayer at an angle of 12 degrees relative to the bilayer normal, with a rotation about the helix long axis such that the polar residues face the N-terminal side of the membrane, which is assigned to be intracellular. A model built from these solid-state NMR data, and assuming a symmetric pentameric arrangement of M2 helices, results in a funnel-like architecture for the channel, with the wide opening on the N-terminal intracellular side. (+info)

15N-labelling and preliminary heteronuclear NMR study of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cytochrome c553. (8/3036)

When using heteronuclear NMR, 15N-labelling is necessary for structural analysis, dynamic studies and determination of complex formation. The problems that arise with isotopic labelling of metalloproteins are due to their complex maturation process, which involves a large number of factors. Cytochromes c are poorly expressed in Escherichia coli and the overexpression that is necessary for 15N-labelling, requires an investigation of the expression host and special attention to growth conditions. We have succeeded in the heterologous expression and the complete and uniform isotopic 15N-labelling of the cytochrome c553 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, in a sulphate-reducing bacterium, D. desulfuricans G200, by using a growth medium combining 15N-ammonium chloride and 15N-Celtone. These conditions allowed us to obtain approximately 0.8 mg x L-1 of pure labelled cytochrome c553. 1H and 15N-assignments for both the oxidized and the reduced states of cytochrome c553 were obtained from two-dimensional heteronuclear experiments. Pseudocontact effects due to the haem Fe3+ have been analysed for the first time through 15N and 1H chemical shifts in a c-type cytochrome. (+info)

This mechanism is supported by isotope labeling experiments. For example, when ethyl propionate with an oxygen-18 labeled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_hydrolysis

This mechanism is supported by isotope labeling experiments. When ethyl propionate with an oxygen-18-labeled ethoxy group is ... treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the oxygen-18 label is completely absent from propionic acid and is found exclusively in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic_acyl_substitution

This, however, requires isotope labeling of the protein. The T1 and T2 relaxation times can be measured using various types of ... the first experiment to be measured with an isotope-labelled protein is a 2D heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) ... but this has been alleviated by the introduction of isotope labelling and multidimensional experiments. Another more serious ... Thus, in the 15N-HSQC, with a 15N labelled protein, one signal is expected for each nitrogen atom in the back bone, with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy_of_proteins

The first step in the workflow of isotope labeling experiments is cell culture on labeled substrates. A substrate such as ... Thus, the use of isotopes has become the dominant technique for MFA. Isotope labeling experiments are optimal for gathering ... Metabolic flux analysis may use 13C-labeled isotope tracers for isotopic labeling experiments. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR ... When isotope labeling is transient and has not yet equilibrated, isotopically non-stationary MFA (INST-MFA) is advantageous in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_flux_analysis

"Multiplex peptide stable isotope dimethyl labeling for quantitative proteomics". Nature Protocols. 4 (4): 484-494. doi:10.1038/ ... "Metabolic labeling of C. Elegans and D. Melanogaster for quantitative proteomics". Nature Biotechnology. 21 (8): 927-931. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_J._R._Heck

Applications of isotope labeling A compound tagged by replacing specific atoms with the corresponding isotopes can facilitate ... When a light isotope is replaced with a heavy isotope (e.g., 13C for 12C), the bond between the two atoms will vibrate more ... Both elements may be replaced by isotopes, for example in the doubly labeled water isotopologue D218O. All taken together, ... Resulting from either naturally occurring isotopes or artificial isotopic labeling, isotopologues can be used in various mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopologue

Support for the reaction mechanism is based on isotope labeling. The reaction between menthone ((2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5- ... is replaced by deuterium for isotopic labeling. Reaction conditions: 90°C, 24 hrs. 80% chemical yield. The first step is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldol_condensation

If the isotopic label exchanges with another isotope of the same atom in the solvent, the results of an isotopic labeling ... An isotopic labeling experiment is an experiment used in mechanistic study that employs isotopes as labels and traces these ... Unlike isotope labeling studies in organic and organometallic chemistry, which typically use deuterium when an isotope of ... an isotope labeling experiment was carried out. The only product was the deuterium-labeled product of cis-elimination. This led ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_experiment_(chemistry)

These are then labelled with a radioactive isotope. Its radiation can be localized with imaging techniques such as SPECT or PET ... Part of the extracted 72 MeV proton beam can be split off for isotope production, while the main part is fed into the Ring ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Scherrer_Institute

Li, X.; Cai, W.; Colombo, L.; Ruoff, R. S. (2009). "Evolution of Graphene Growth on Ni and Cu by Carbon Isotope Labeling". Nano ... of isotopically labeled graphites (graphite oxide) and graphene;(vii) of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide and ... and subsequently have used isotopic labeling and micro-Raman mapping to map grains and grain boundaries in such atom thick ... "Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Structural Characterization of 13C-Labeled Graphite Oxide". Science. 321 (5897): 1815-1817. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_S._Ruoff

Neither the supplementation of stable isotope labeled glucose nor the supplementation of stable isotope labeled variants of ... in cell culture can be fed with stable isotope labeled methionine for labeling of methyl groups and with stable isotope labeled ... While labeling in model organisms like E.coli and S.cerevisiae is fairly simple, stable isotope labeling in cell culture is ... This mixture of labeled nucleosides is also referred to as SILIS (stable isotope labeled internal standard). The advantage of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAIL-MS

I. Preparation of Sendai virus labelled with radioactive isotopes". Problems of Virology. 6: 588-93. PMID 14040447. Kiyotani K ... its exchange sialylation catalytic properties allow labeling of sialyl residues in mucin-type sialylated glycoproteins and ... Sendai virus glycoproteins during the early stages of fusion with liposomes as determined by hydrophobic photoaffinity labeling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

These overall steps are supported by deuterium labeling and kinetic isotope effect studies. Density functional theory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabbé_reaction

Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_acetate

December 2018). "Assessment of Peripheral Serotonin Synthesis Using Stable Isotope-Labeled Tryptophan". Clinical Pharmacology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate-rich_protein_3

Some isotope ratios are used to determine the age of materials for example as in carbon dating. Labeling with stable isotopes ... Differences in mass among isotopes of an element are very small, and the less abundant isotopes of an element are typically ... 1015 relative to the major stable isotope. Isotope ratios are important markers of a variety of processes. ... Sodium atoms and ions are monoisotopic, with a mass of about 23 u. Chloride atoms and ions come in two stable isotopes with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry

Isotope labeling may also be used to identify the pathways used in phycotoxin biosynthesis. Allelopathy Antipredator adaptation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycotoxin

A relative quantitation can be obtained with a variety of differential isotope labeling technologies. There are also several ... "Proteome analysis of low-abundance proteins using multidimensional chromatography and isotope-coded affinity tags". J. Proteome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphorylation

Isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT), label-free) and qualitative. In collaboration with scientists at the University of Dundee, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundee_Cell_Products

Polymers have also been observed to undergo heterolytic bond cleavage through isotope labeling experiments. When a bond is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-healing_material

Modeling and Simulation of Carbon Isotope Labeling Experiments". Biotechnol. Bioeng. 55(1):101-117 Biotechnology Industry ... The specific labeling pattern of the various metabolites is determined by the reaction fluxes in the network. Labeling patterns ... To measure reaction fluxes, carbon flux measurements are made using carbon-13 isotopic labeling. The organism is fed a mixture ... After these molecules are used in the network, downstream metabolites also become labeled with carbon-13, as they incorporate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_engineering

After labeling the ribosomes of a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli with radioactive isotopes (forming a radioactive tracer ... A comparable control experiment with isotope-labeled phosphate was not performed. With the distribution of the strain in mid- ... When the researchers added isotope-labeled arsenate to the solution to track its distribution, they found that arsenic was ... When a strain is not assigned to a species (e.g. due to insufficient data or choice) it is often labeled as the genus name ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFAJ-1

"Biosynthesis of bellenamine by Streptomyces nashvillensis using stable isotope labeled compounds". The Journal of Antibiotics. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_nashvillensis

The reactant is 'labeled' by replacing specific atoms by their isotope. Replacing an atom with its own radioisotope is an ... Sulfur-35 is used to label proteins and nucleic acids. Cysteine is an amino acid containing a thiol group which can be labeled ... FRET), whereas with radioactivity two isotopes can be used (tritium and a low energy isotope, e.g. 33P due to different ... In the case of the hydrogen isotope tritium (half-life = 12.3 years) and carbon-14 (half-life = 5,730 years), these isotopes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_in_the_life_sciences

2004). "A proteomic approach for quantitation of phosphorylation using stable isotope labeling in cell culture". Anal. Chem. 75 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNC84B

One important application is in stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). 13C-enriched compounds are used ... Isotopes of carbon Isotope fractionation "Exact Masses of the Elements and Isotopic Abundances". sisweb.com. Francey, R. J.; ... "Corporate Overview". Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. Retrieved 2020-11-10. "Cambridge Isotope Laboratories". History. Retrieved ... Because the different isotope ratios for the two kinds of plants propagate through the food chain, it is possible to determine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-13

TAILS is also compatible with Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). COFRADIC was the earliest ... Standard peptides synthesized from amino acids labeled with stable isotope atoms serve as internal standards for serial ... pharmacoproteomics of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor drugs using isotope-coded affinity tag labelling and tandem mass ... Experiments using iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS with STEP and PSP peptide internal standards have successfully quantified total ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degradomics

Asymmetric deuterium isotope labeling (substitution) will cause a set of carbons that were all equivalent in the all-hydrogen ... Carbon-14 radioactive isotope labeling experiments have shown that complex scrambling in norbornyl cation systems allow 14C to ... Radioactive isotope labeling experiments provide a powerful tool for determining the structure of organic molecules. By ... Use of isotopes in chemical reactions. Part I. The mechanism of the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. Exchange of radioactive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Norbornyl_cation

"Cell-free synthesis and amino acid-selective stable isotope labeling of proteins for NMR analysis". Journal of Biomolecular NMR ... Kigawa et al.were able to successfully label amino acids in a cell-free system where amino acid metabolism was no longer ... such as the process of amino acid metabolism preventing specific labelling of amino acids that would be useful in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_system

"Experimental proof of thiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction steps by isotope (14C) labeled thiophene". Reaction Kinetics, ... The radioactive isotope molybdenum-99 is used to generate technetium-99m, used for medical imaging The isotope is handled and ... Seven isotopes occur naturally, with atomic masses of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. Of these naturally occurring isotopes, ... All unstable isotopes of molybdenum decay into isotopes of niobium, technetium, and ruthenium. Of the synthetic radioisotopes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum

... isotopes.[21] Four of the five stable isotopes have been predicted to decay to isotopes of cerium or samarium and are only ... Main article: Isotopes of neodymium. Naturally occurring neodymium (60Nd) is composed of five stable isotopes-142Nd, 143Nd, 145 ... Several neodymium isotopes have been used for the production of other promethium isotopes. The decay from 147Sm (t1/2 = 1.06 × ... Neodymium also has 13 known metastable isotopes, with the most stable one being 139mNd (t1/2 = 5.5 hours), 135mNd (t1/2 = 5.5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium

... labeled) and where the appendix occurs (labeled). The fat in the photo is external to the outer wall of the colon. In the ... Ionizing radiation (e.g., from isotopes of plutonium and radium). *Tobacco smoke ... In the photo, an apparent field defect in this segment of a colon has generated four polyps (labeled with the size of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasia

... duet album with the flamenco guitarist Niño Josele and a Fort Apache album recorded live at the Blue Note in 2012 for the label ... Kirk Lightsey: Isotope (Criss Cross, 1983). *Jaco Pastorius: Live In New York, Vol. I & III (Big World, 1985) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_González

Many decay into isotopes that are themselves radioactive, so from 1 to 6 (average 3) decays may be required to reach stability. ... They are labeled "end-cap and neutron focus lens", "reflector/neutron gun carriage", and "reflector wrap". The origin of the ... Uranium's most common isotope, 238U, is fissionable but not fissile, meaning that it cannot sustain a chain reaction because ... If the 14 MeV neutron is captured by uranium (of either isotope; 14 MeV is high enough to fission both 235U and 238U) or ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosion-type_nuclear_weapon

"IUPAC Periodic Table of the Isotopes" (PDF). ciaaw.org. IUPAC. 1 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2016.. ... Van Nostrand, D.; Abreu, S. H.; Callaghan, J. J.; Atkins, F. B.; Stoops, H. C.; Savory, C. G. (May 1988). "In-111-labeled white ...

https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium

2 suspensions: An isotope labeling study". Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 182: 424-430. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.038. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocatalysis

It can also be used to add nucleotides labeled with radioactive isotopes, for example in the TUNEL assay (Terminal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_deoxynucleotidyl_transferase

The rings are machine-readable and allow for accurate handling of the substance for the purposes of storage, labeling, and ... The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 16 (6): 385-387. doi:10.1016/0020-708X(65)90023-2. PMID 14327645. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampoule

"Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)". Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD). Diarsipkan ... Kohen, Amnon; Limbach, Hans-Heinrich (2006). Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. hlm. 850 ... "Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982" (PDF). ...

https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng

Drummer Tatsuya Yoshida, owner of the Magaibutsu label, has founded the band Ruins and has been active in several other bands ... The German progressive rock review website Babyblaue Seiten rated Korekyojin and Arabesque with 11/15 and Isotope with 13/15. ... 1999: Korekyojin (Tzadik) 2004: Arabesque (Magaibutsu) 2005: Isotope (Tzadik) 2006: Jackson (Magaibutsu) 2009: Swan Dive ( ... John Zorn's Tzadik Records and Skin Graft Records as well as on the Japanese label Magaibutsu. In Japanese, the band's name ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korekyojinn

A lead isotope analysis of a bullet fired during the robbery confirmed it to have the same isotopic composition as the bullets ... A Swedish extremist, Victor Gunnarsson (labeled in the media 33-åringen, "the 33-year-old"), was soon arrested for the murder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Olof_Palme

Phonons can be labeled by the manner in which the vibrations occur. If the vibration occurs lengthwise in the direction of the ... In particular, 4He is used because this isotope allows for very precise velocity control, important for obtaining maximum ... The wavelength of the vibration also lends itself to a second label. "Acoustic" branch phonons have a wavelength of vibration ... Phonons take on both labels such that transverse acoustic and optical phonons are denoted TA and TO, respectively; likewise, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_phonon

... and the label "Proto-Cherantian" is no longer widely used. About 63% of the tools are large stone shards, 32% retouched tools, ... and span oxygen isotope stages 14-10 (roughly 550-400 thousand years ago). They are made of sand and aeolian sandy loam, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautavel_Man

C-Cl bond with deuterium is used to selectively label the aromatic ring for use in experiments dealing with the kinetic isotope ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomaterial-based_catalyst

Articles with MusicBrainz label identifiers, Red Scare Industries, American independent record labels, Punk record labels). ... To Broadway The Copyrights Direct Hit Druglords Of The Avenues Elway The Falcon The Heat Tape The Holy Mess The Isotopes Joe ... Jeg started the label in 2004 when his friend Brendan Kelly of The Lawrence Arms wanted a new label to release the EP for his ... Red Scare Industries (sometimes referred to as Red Scare Records) is a punk rock record label. The label was started in San ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Scare_Industries

Isotopes of iodine Iodine-123 Iodine-129 Iodine-131 Iodine in biology 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), often labeled with ... Isotope content page, Isotopes of iodine, Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiobiology, Radiation therapy). ... 125I is produced by the electron capture decay of 125Xe, which is an artificial isotope of xenon, itself created by neutron ... The other xenon radioisotopes decay either to stable xenon, or to various caesium isotopes, some of them radioactive (a.o., the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-125

Romazicon product information, Roche USA Media related to Flumazenil at Wikimedia Commons Flumazenil drug label/data at Daily ... Radiolabeled with the radioactive isotope carbon-11, flumazenil may be used as a radioligand in neuroimaging with positron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flumazenil

Its recording artists included Judas Priest, Arthur Brown, Steve Ashley, IF, Isotope and Seventh Wave. The label was ... Articles with MusicBrainz label identifiers, Rock record labels, Record labels established in 1974, Record labels ... Gull was a British record label founded in 1974. Owned by Gull Entertainments Ltd., it was associated with Morgan Sound Studio ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull_(record_label)

In 2004, Philip J. Currie and David J. Varricchio referred another two specimens to Adasaurus labelled as IGM 100/22 and IGM ... "Diet preferences and climate inferred from oxygen and carbon isotopes of tooth enamel of Tarbosaurus bataar (Nemegt Formation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adasaurus

... this being the first time that a radioactive isotope produced by the cyclotron being used to treat a human patient. Lawrence ... became the first physician to use a radioactively labelled noble gas for diagnostic purposes in humans. Lawrence's work with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H._Lawrence

But when taken up, it is converted into 13,13-d2-arachidonic acid, a heavy isotope version of arachidonic acid, that gets ... An open-label clinical study for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy evaluating long-term evaluation of efficacy, safety, ... The deuterated compound resists the non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) through isotope effect - a non-antioxidant based ... August 2012). "Small amounts of isotope-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress lipid autoxidation". Free Radical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di-deuterated_linoleic_acid_ethyl_ester

In 2017, Shimadzu acquired AlsaChim, a specialist for high-quality analytical isotope labeled standards. In 1989, Shimadzu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimadzu

Enzalutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA). Alpharadin uses bone targeted Radium-223 isotopes to kill cancer cells by ... a randomised open-label trial". Lancet. 376 (9747): 1147-1154. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61389-X. PMID 20888992. S2CID 4791847 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

The rate of decay of this unstable isotope after the organism has died is assumed to be constant, and is measured in half-lives ... labelling, sorting and listing in an inventory. finds specialist An archaeologist who specialises in the analysis of a ... Age is determined by examining the loss of the unstable carbon-14 isotope, which is absorbed by all living organisms during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology

labeled Frac Sand...Sc-46, Br-82, Ag-110m, Sb-124, Ir-192{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Dina ... As of 2003 the isotopes Antimony-124, argon-41, cobalt-60, iodine-131, iridium-192, lanthanum-140, manganese-56, scandium-46, ... Examples of amounts used are: In hydraulic fracturing, plastic pellets coated with Silver-110m or sand labelled with Iridium- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_radioactivity_in_oil_and_gas_wells

January 2006). "Insulin-dependent interactions of proteins with GLUT4 revealed through stable isotope labeling by amino acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrolipoamide_dehydrogenase

... often the common isotope 12C. Isotope abundance ratios are not only more easily measured, they are what 14C carbon daters want ... Radioactivity is a commonly used label in these experiments. An important difference between pulse-chase analysis and bomb- ... Because 12C concentration has increased by about 30% over the past fifty years, the fact that "pMC", measuring the isotope ... because measurements of 14C levels by mass spectrometers are most accurately made by comparison to another carbon isotope, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_pulse

Further investigation of bidirectional movement and the net transfer was analyzed using pulse labeling technique with isotopes ... Detection of the isotopes was found in receiver plant shorts, expressing carbon transfer from fungus to plant tissues. When ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal_network

Isotope testing determined that she had only lived in Missouri for a few years before her demise, and was likely from the ... and labeled simply as Body 5, as his were the fifth set of remains unearthed from beneath Gacy's property. His identification ... Isotope testing found that she may have been native to the Great Lakes region or New England. On July 30, 2021, it was ... In January 2018, the results of isotope analysis conducted upon her remains indicated she likely originated from the Southern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_Doe_Project

Kandel reportedly tried to have the album released on multiple labels, only to have each of them fold after he sent it to them ... "Isotope 217". Thrilljockey.com. Retrieved 2015-05-30. Lien, James (July 1997). "Tranquility Bass". CMJ. Retrieved 9 July 2014 ... It was there that he met Tom Chasteen, with whom he started the Exist Dance label in 1991. The two released several singles, ... Tranquility Bass's touring bassist, Matt Lux, is also the bassist for Chicago-based band Isotope 217. In 1994, after Chasteen's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranquility_Bass

This Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds Market Report forecasts by revenue growth at global, regional, and country levels ... U.S. Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds Market. 7.6. Canada Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds Market. 8. Europe Stable Isotope ... UK Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds Market. 8.6. Germany Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds Market. 8.7. France Stable Isotope ... China Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds Market. 9.6. India Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds Market. 9.7. Japan Stable Isotope ...

https://www.visiongain.com/report/stable-isotope-labelled-compounds-market-2021/

The technique is based upon labelling antigens with the stable isotope carbon-13, and subsequent identification of antigen- ... it was critical to combine isotope analysis with excellent chromatographic resolution in order to identify carbon-13 labelled ... The ultimate goal of the work was to pulse antigen presenting cells with labelled bacteria and identify MHC class II-associated ... The aim of this project was to attempt to use a novel metabolic labelling technique to enable biochemical identification of ...

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.772248

Solution structure of stereo-array isotope labelled (SAIL) C-terminal dimerization domain of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid ... We have recently developed the stereo-array isotope labeling (SAIL) method to overcome the size problem of NMR structure ... Solution structure of stereo-array isotope labelled (SAIL) C-terminal dimerization domain of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid ... and regio-specifically isotope-labeled amino acids. Here, we employed the SAIL method to determine the high-quality solution ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2jw8

Here, we report metabolic isotope labeling to produce isotopically labeled internal standards in bacteria and yeast. These can ... Production and Application of Stable Isotope-Labeled Internal Standards for RNA Modification Analysis. In: Genes, Vol. 10, No. ...

https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83248/

However, our recent isotope labeling experiments on a grass species (Phleum pratense) yielded different conclusions from ... Assessing the Rate and Timing of Leaf Wax Regeneration in Fraxinus Americana Using Stable Hydrogen Isotope Labeling ... the leaf wax δ2H isotopic ratios were measured using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. ...

https://www.picarro.com/support/literature/assessing-rate-and-timing-leaf-wax-regeneration-fraxinus-americana-using-stable

15}$N labeled soluble metallo- and metal-free phthalocyanines are described for the first time. The complexes were synthesized ... ATSAY, ARMAĞAN; GÜL, AHMET; and KOÇAK, MAKBULE (2016) "Liquid state $^{15}$N NMR studies of $^{15}$N isotope labeled ... Liquid state $^{15}$N NMR studies of $^{15}$N isotope labeled phthalocyanines ... 15}$N labeled soluble metallo- and metal-free phthalocyanines are described for the first time. The complexes were synthesized ...

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/vol40/iss1/13/

Hypophosphorylation of the architectural chromatin protein DEK in death-receptor-induced apoptosis revealed by the isotope ... To this end we have combined a cell-free apoptosis system with a proteomic platform based on the differential isotopic labeling ... of the architectural chromatin protein DEK in death-receptor-induced apoptosis revealed by the isotope coded protein label ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1528965

CIL) has partnered with ISOtopic Solutions to release the new stable isotope-labeled and unlabeled Crude Lipid Yeast Extracts. ... Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Cambridge Isotope Laboratories TEWKSBURY, Mass., Sept. 26, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Cambridge ... Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (CIL) Partners With ISOtopic Solutions to Release the New Stable Isotope-Labeled and ... CIL is the worlds largest manufacturer and global supplier of stable isotopes and stable isotope-labeled compounds used in ...

https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/cambridge-isotope-laboratories-inc-cil-191600355.html

... heavy isotope variant. NovoPro can provide custom peptides labeled with stable isotopes including ²H (deuterium), < ... Isotope-labeled, or heavy amino acids, are derived from natural amino acids by substitution of certain atoms (N, C, H) with ... Stable isotope labeled peptides have long been a staple of NMR spectroscopy studies. ... Stable Isotope Labeled Peptides. Stable isotope labeled peptides, or SIL peptides, maintain identical amino acid sequence with ...

https://novoprolabs.com/stable-isotope-labeled-peptides/

In Vivo Stable Isotope Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Aβ Plaque Deposition in Human Alzheimers. ... In Vivo Stable Isotope Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Aβ Plaque Deposition in Human Alzheimers. ... Plaque growth is measured with a label given to patients (like a dye which tags newly made plaque), which we then image with ...

https://www.brightfocus.org/grant/vivo-stable-isotope-labeling-and-quantitative-mass-spectrometry-imaging-ab-plaque-deposition

Fluorescent-labeled Proteins. GMP-grade Proteins. Animal-free Recombinant Proteins. 重组蛋白定制. 定制合成服务. ADC 相关定制服务. PROTAC

https://www.medchemexpress.cn/isotope-compound/isotope-labeled-nucleic-acids.html

Isotope Labeling Corp.. P.O. Box 838. Teaneck, NJ 07666. MC & B Manufacturing Chemists. 2909 Highland Avenue. Cincinnati, OH ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/78-127/78127_9.html

Stable isotope labeling (SIL) and metabolomics. DCs were cultured for the indicated times in medium containing 10% dialyzed FBS ... 5a) by stable isotope labeling and metabolomics using 13C-glucose. We found that the proportion of glucose-derived TCA cycle ... 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin, 55 μM β-mercaptoethanol, and 10 mM 13C-labeled glucose (Cambridge Isotope ... Stable isotope tracing was conducted as previously described49. Briefly, two complementary LC/MS methods (basic-pH negative ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-20215-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2f1a7e06-ef19-47ef-9714-01928dd1887c

... Peptides labeled with stable, non-radioactive isotopes are increasingly used for convenient ... Stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptides display identical physiochemical properties and chemical reactivity as their non-labeled ... Stable isotope labeled, or heavy amino acids, are derived from natural amino acids by substitution of certain atoms (N, C, H ... Selected References for Stable Isotope Labeled Peptides. Mbasu et al: Proteomics (2016) - PMID 27214876. Advances in quadrupole ...

https://www.pepscan.com/fr/synthese-peptidique-a-facon/peptides-speciaux/stable-isotope-labeled-peptides/

... the most popular methods use either metabolic or chemical isotope labeling with MS based quantification or chemical labeling ... Benchmarking stable isotope labeling based quantitative proteomics.. * Post author By Dr. Maarten Altelaar ... Interestingly, SILAC and chemical labeling with MS based quantification produce almost indistinguishable results, independent ... dimethyl and TMT labeling strategies. Although all three methods have their strengths and weaknesses, our data indicate that ...

https://altelaarlab.com/benchmarking-stable-isotope-labeling-based-quantitative-proteomics/

Retrieved from "http://mass-spec.lsu.edu/msterms/index.php?title=Stable_isotope_labeling&oldid=18170" ...

http://mass-spec.lsu.edu/msterms/index.php?title=Stable_isotope_labeling&diff=18170&oldid=16744

Labelling in vivo with a stable isotope labelled amino acid (in this paper, decadeuterated leucine) identifies the number of ... Stable isotope labelling for identification. Proteomics. Pratt, J. M., Robertson, D. H., Gaskell, S. J., Riba-Garcia, I., ... Stable isotope labelling in vivo as an aid to protein identification in peptide mass fingerprinting. Proteomics 2, 157-63. [ ... Label-free (11). Mass spectrometry (57). McArdle (13). MUPs (53). Proteomics (95). QconCAT (27). Recent (16). Semiochemistry ( ...

http://www.phbuffers.org/PDF/files/a96121e0ad4840df8da57f4a189e89bf-82.html

CIL offers a complete listing of Stable Isotope Labeled Amino Acids for all your research needs. View pricing, availability and ... please see our Stable Isotope-Labeled Peptide and Protein Reagents/Kits catalogand our Stable Isotope-Labeled Products for ... CIL offers a broad and diverse array of unlabeled and stable isotope-labeled amino acids. These include free and protected ... with the labeling accessible for different isotopic enrichments and patterns. Applications are directed to proteomic (e.g., ...

https://shop.isotope.com/category.aspx?id=10032191

Comment: Multiple labels per peptide. When using SILAC-KR or dimethyl-labelling and trypsin digestion, exactly one labelled ... Florian Christoph Sigloch, Björn Grüning, Matthias Fahrner, Peptide and Protein Quantification via Stable Isotope Labelling ( ... Peptide and Protein Quantification via Stable Isotope Labelling (SIL). Authors: Florian Christoph Sigloch. Björn Grüning. ... Examples of different isotopic tags for stable isotope labelling (SIL) are ICAT, SILAC, dimethylation, or heavy oxygen (18O). ...

https://galaxyproject.github.io/training-material/topics/proteomics/tutorials/protein-quant-sil/tutorial.html

Our team of experienced scientists and technicians has successfully completed the synthesis of additional isotope-labeled ... What would analytics be without labelled reference substances? Take advantage of our new chlorothalonil standard. ...

https://asca-berlin.de/new-isotope-labelled-chlorothalonil-metabolites/

Shimadzu acquires specialist for isotope labeled standards. Shimadzu has joined forces with the France-based AlsaChim company, ... AlsaChim specializes in stable isotope-labelled compounds, metabolites and pharmaceutical related substances, and analytical ...

https://www.analytica-world.com/en/products/1130101/new-ftir-spectrophotometer-with-the-best-performance-in-its-class.html

Stable Isotope Labeling Precur-Wuxi Beita Pharmatech Co., Ltd. -稳定同位素标记前体化合物 ...

http://en.beitapharmatech.com/product/5/

Posts about Isoflex Stable Isotope Labeled Compound Market written by Ken Research ... Stable Isotope Labeled Compound MarketInc. Stable Isotope Labeled Compound MarketINDIA Stable Isotope Labeled Compound Market ... Stable Isotope Labeled Compound MarketMerck KGaA Stable Isotope Labeled Compound MarketMesbah Energy Co. Stable Isotope Labeled ... Stable Isotope Labeled Compound MarketAsia-Pacific Stable Isotope Labeled Compound MarketAUSTRALIA Stable Isotope Labeled ...

https://kenresearchreport.wordpress.com/tag/isoflex-stable-isotope-labeled-compound-market/

Gastric emptying study (using isotope labeling of ingested food). *Upper GI series ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000297.htm

Using the stable isotope labeling technique in Arabidopsis T87 cultured cells and Bombyx mori, we systematically detected ,450 ... Chikayama E, Suto M, Nishihara T, Shinozaki K, Hirayama T, Kikuchi J. Systematic NMR analysis of stable isotope labeled ... Using the stable isotope labeling technique in Arabidopsis T87 cultured cells and Bombyx mori, we systematically detected ,450 ... Using the stable isotope labeling technique in Arabidopsis T87 cultured cells and Bombyx mori, we systematically detected ,450 ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/systematic-nmr-analysis-of-stable-isotope-labeled-metabolite-mixt

Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy of an isotope-labeled photoactivatable flavoprotein. Biochemistry, 50 (8). pp. 1321-1328. ... reconstituted with isotopically labeled riboflavin (Rf) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which permit the first ...

https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/27019/

TLC Pharmaceutical Standards is specialized in the custom synthesis of isotopically labeled active pharmaceutical ingredients ( ...

https://tlcstandards.com/COAReqest.aspx?ID=U-0123

Analysis of the membrane proteome of ciprofloxacin-resistant macrophages by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell ...

https://uclouvain.be/en/directories/francoise.vanbambeke

Isotope Labeling * Male * Mice * MicroRNAs / genetics* * MicroRNAs / metabolism* * Neutrophils / metabolism * Oligonucleotide ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18668037/?dopt=Abstract

... isotope labeling ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=Genotoxin+OR+Genotoxic+OR+Genotoxicity+&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=Genotoxin+OR+Genotoxic+OR+Genotoxicity+&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=2&RecNo=18&View=f&

These SIL peptides are synthesized using only the highly enriched stable amino acids from premium supplier Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL) for the Fmoc-based solid-phase custom peptide synthesis in our laboratory. (pepscan.com)

Microautoradiography, a photographic method that shows the localization of substances labelled with radioactive isotope, and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) were combined to enhance sensitivity, resolution and reliability for examination of the distribution of introduced substances in wood. (irg-wp.com)
In the first incident, a patient was inadvertently injected intravenously with an estimated 100-200 uL of fresh whole blood from an HIV-infected patient after a used syringe containing the blood was mistaken for another syringe containing red blood cells that had been treated (i.e., labeled) with a radioactive isotope (1). (cdc.gov)
the cells had been labeled with a radioactive isotope and were injected in the wrong patient when hospital personnel failed to correctly match the identification number of the recipient with that of the specimen of white blood cells (2,3). (cdc.gov)
A small subset of these procedures involves withdrawing and then reinjecting a patient's blood after certain cells or elements (i.e., red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets) are labeled with a radioactive isotope. (cdc.gov)
Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. (bvsalud.org)

Stable isotope labeled peptides, or SIL peptides, maintain identical amino acid sequence with the natural ones released from the parent proteins by chemical or enzymatic cleavage, but some of the amino acid residuals are labeled by specific stable isotope, such as 2 H, 13 C, and/or 15 N atom(s). (novoprolabs.com)
Stable isotope labeled peptides have been widely applied in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The combination of SIL peptides with NMR spectroscopy allow for the incorporation of NMR active nuclei which can reduce the complexity of spectra, and then help researchers to obtain novel correlations between atoms for more structural information. (novoprolabs.com)

As a first step to demonstrate that the outer membrane proteins also contained T cell epitopes, it was shown that whole bacteria and bacterial antigens can be successfully labelled with carbon-13 such that all derived peptide fragments may be distinguished by isotopic analysis. (bl.uk)
However, due to the complexity of the peptide mixture generated by a tryptic digest of the outer membrane proteins, it was critical to combine isotope analysis with excellent chromatographic resolution in order to identify carbon-13 labelled peptides. (bl.uk)
It was concluded from these studies that the metabolic labelling of bacterial proteins with carbon-13 is applicable to the analysis of processed products of bacterial antigens in complex peptide mixtures. (bl.uk)
With more than 10 years of experience, and as a world-leading peptide manufacturing organization, NovoPro can provide customized peptides labeled with stable isotopes including 2 H, 15 N & 13 C, respectively, or a combination of 15 N & 13 C. Even when the peptides are attached with specific modification motifs. (novoprolabs.com)
Stable isotope labelling in vivo as an aid to protein identification in peptide mass fingerprinting. (phbuffers.org)
For additional information, please see our Stable Isotope-Labeled Peptide and Protein Reagents/Kits catalogand our Stable Isotope-Labeled Products for Metabolic Research catalog. (isotope.com)
Incorporation of stable isotopes results in different peptide masses on MS1 level, which give rise to coeluting ion traces in the TIC with a mass difference typical for each different chemical tag (Figure 1b). (github.io)
This is the principle behind stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies (SISCAPA), 1 developed by Anderson and co-workers ( 12 ⇓ ⇓ - 15 ). (nimbletherapeutics.com)
Fluorescent labels, multiple disulfides, stable isotopes, and many others peptide modifications are our specialties. (bachem.com)

Here, we report metabolic isotope labeling to produce isotopically labeled internal standards in bacteria and yeast. (uni-muenchen.de)
Below lists is the most common stable isotopically labeled amino acids that can be used for the synthesis of peptides with stable isotopes containing carbon 13 ( 13 C), Nitrogen 15 ( 15 N). (novoprolabs.com)
Here we report ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectra of the AppA BLUF domain (AppABLUF) reconstituted with isotopically labeled riboflavin (Rf) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which permit the first unambiguous assignment of ground and excited state modes arising directly from the flavin carbonyl groups. (uea.ac.uk)
There are synthesized isotopically enriched isotope labeling or dishonorable conduct" ^^=^mis used in the acetate is a disordered state. (osi74.com)

AlsaChim specializes in stable isotope-labelled compounds, metabolites and pharmaceutical related substances, and analytical purposes. (analytica-world.com)
Caffeine and 14 of its metabolites are quantified in urine by use of high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with stable isotope labeled internal standards. (cdc.gov)
The goal of the Stable Isotope and Metabolomics Core (SIMC) is to provide to Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center research investigators cost effective, efficient and robust platforms for the determination of metabolites/lipids designed to cover interlocking metabolite and lipid pathways, and help to improve our understanding of conditions which change fuel utilization and biosynthesis in cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolic pathways, i.e., glycolysis, pentose and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles. (elsevier.com)

The technique is based upon labelling antigens with the stable isotope carbon-13, and subsequent identification of antigen-derived peptides using mass spectrometric isotopic composition analysis. (bl.uk)
The ultimate goal of the work was to pulse antigen presenting cells with labelled bacteria and identify MHC class II-associated bacteriaderived peptides with the objective of identifying potential vaccine candidates. (bl.uk)
Two dimensional separation prior to mass spectral analysis substantially improved the separation of complex biological mixtures leading to an improvement in the identification of carbon-13 labelled peptides in such mixtures. (bl.uk)
Peptides labeled with stable, non-radioactive isotopes are increasingly used for convenient detection in research. (pepscan.com)
Stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptides display identical physiochemical properties and chemical reactivity as their non-labeled counterparts (apart from a few exceptions). (pepscan.com)
However, under certain conditions the minute mass difference make labeled and unlabeled peptides behave differently. (pepscan.com)
These important attributes have enabled us to successfully respond to the ever changing demand for best quality stable isotope peptides. (pepscan.com)

Where the Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds market is heading? (visiongain.com)
Much opportunity remains in this growing Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds market. (visiongain.com)
Global Stable Isotope Labelled Compounds market 2021-2031 is segmented on the basis of Type, Application, End Users and Geography. (visiongain.com)
CIL is the world's largest manufacturer and global supplier of stable isotopes and stable isotope-labeled compounds used in research, environmental, neonatal, pharmaceutical, medical diagnostic, OLED, and industrial markets. (yahoo.com)

This represents the largest panel of stable isotope-labeled standards commercially available in a single mix for targeted profiling and relative quantification of the lipidome. (yahoo.com)
Currently, the most popular methods use either metabolic or chemical isotope labeling with MS based quantification or chemical labeling using isobaric tags with MS/MS based quantification. (altelaarlab.com)
Interestingly, SILAC and chemical labeling with MS based quantification produce almost indistinguishable results, independent of which database search algorithm used. (altelaarlab.com)
Here, we describe a new method (immuno-SILAC) for the absolute quantification of proteins in complex samples based on polyclonal antibodies and stable isotope-labeled recombinant protein fragments to allow affinity enrichment prior to mass spectrometry analysis and accurate quantification. (nimbletherapeutics.com)

Benchmarking stable isotope labeling based quantitative proteomics. (altelaarlab.com)
Here, we assess the performance of three of the most popular approaches through systematic independent large scale quantitative proteomics experiments, comparing SILAC, dimethyl and TMT labeling strategies. (altelaarlab.com)
Stable isotope labeling of Arabidopsis thaliana cells and quantitative proteomics by mass spectrometry. (genomeweb.com)

We have recently developed the stereo-array isotope labeling (SAIL) method to overcome the size problem of NMR structure determination by utilizing a protein exclusively composed of stereo- and regio-specifically isotope-labeled amino acids. (rcsb.org)
The SAIL protein yielded less crowded and better resolved spectra than uniform (13)C and (15)N labeling, and enabled the homodimeric solution structure of this protein to be determined. (rcsb.org)
Hypophosphorylation of the architectural chromatin protein DEK in death-receptor-induced apoptosis revealed by the isotope coded protein label proteomic platform. (duke.edu)
Labelling in vivo with a stable isotope labelled amino acid (in this paper, decadeuterated leucine) identifies the number of such amino acids in each digest fragment, and show a considerable gain in the ability of PMF to identify the parent protein. (phbuffers.org)
This tutorial deals with protein quantitation via stable isotope labelling (SIL). (github.io)
The approach was further developed to also generate quantitative data via the addition of heavy isotope-labeled recombinant protein fragment standards prior to trypsin digestion. (nimbletherapeutics.com)
Contains experimentally-derived protein half-life data obtained using stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry. (yeastgenome.org)
Single cell manipulation, analytics, and label-free protein detection in microfluidic devices for systems nanobiology. (genomeweb.com)
To perform in vivo stable isotope substrate assays to determine rates of protein synthesis, lipogenesis, peripheral glucose disposal, hepatic glucose recycling, glucose-glycerol cycling and Cori cycling, high energy phosphate (ATP, creatine phosphate) turnover, and in vitro stable isotope flux dissections of metabolic pathways. (elsevier.com)
For advances in protein structure and enzyme mechanisms by use of affinity labeling and site-directed mutagenesis. (ornl.gov)

The aim of this project was to attempt to use a novel metabolic labelling technique to enable biochemical identification of potential T cell epitopes in bacterial antigens. (bl.uk)

The amino acids are available for different grade material (e.g., research, microbiological and pyrogen tested), with the labeling accessible for different isotopic enrichments and patterns. (isotope.com)
Examples of different isotopic tags for stable isotope labelling (SIL) are ICAT, SILAC, dimethylation, or heavy oxygen ( 18 O). (github.io)

Secondly, proteins of samples to compare can be labelled with small chemical tags, mixed, and measured side-by-side in a single MS-run. (github.io)
Immunoproteomics using polyclonal antibodies and stable isotope-labeled affinity-purified recombinant proteins. (nimbletherapeutics.com)
The extensive nature of this shift in translational control of gene expression was revealed using pulsed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture to identify proteins that undergo altered rates of synthesis in response to hyperglycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
1. The new method developed to measure renal tubular degradation of small filtered proteins in patients with normal renal function, using radio-labelled aprotinin (Trasylol) (R. Rustom, J. S. Grime, P. Maltby, H. R. Stockdale, M. Critchley, J. M. Bone. (portlandpress.com)

Andrew goes on to say: "A major benefit of the stable isotope-labeled lipid yeast extract is that the fatty acids and lipids are uniformly 13 C-labeled at high isotopic enrichment. (yahoo.com)

Two dimensional chromatography and carbon-13 labelling was then applied to investigate the processing of tetanus toxin C fragment (TTCF) by lysosomes isolated from EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines. (bl.uk)
Leaves from a native New England tree species ( Fraxinus americana ) were collected at 1 to 3 h intervals over a 2-day experimental period, and, subsequently, the leaf wax δ 2 H isotopic ratios were measured using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. (picarro.com)
A strategy is described for rapid on-line measurement of electron self-exchange rates between aqueous Fe III and Fe II in aqueous solution using stable 57 Fe-labeled reactants, cation chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. (nau.edu)
Activity in plasma and urine was measured over 24-48 h, and chromatography on Sephadex-G-25-M was used to separate labelled aprotinin from free 99m TcO 4 − or 131 I − . Renal uptake was measured for 99m Tc-labelled aprotinin only. (portlandpress.com)

The carbon-driven intestinal food chain will be elucidated with high-resolution by integrating experiments with mice harboring a natural, full-complexity microbiota or defined, low-complexity assemblages of known microorganisms in their intestinal tracts, in vitro and in vivo isotope-labeling, molecular biology methods, and cutting-edge single cells analyses. (microbial-ecology.de)

In this experiment, HEK cells were once labelled with light, once with heavy SILAC. (github.io)

13 C labeling provides superior isotopic stability and analytical reliability as compared to 2 H (or deuterium) labeling. (yahoo.com)

have been probed by isotope incorporation studies in the context of ovalicin biosynthesis. (cdc.gov)

It has excellent separation efficiency, sensitivity and linearity, and it is used for the analysis of isotopes of strontium, lead, thorium and uranium. (cerege.fr)

Our team of experienced scientists and technicians has successfully completed the synthesis of additional isotope-labeled standards. (asca-berlin.de)

Here, we describe a systematic NMR methodology for stable isotope-labeling and analysis of metabolite mixtures in plant and animal systems. (elsevier.com)

What would analytics be without labelled reference substances? (asca-berlin.de)
It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. (bvsalud.org)
Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms. (bvsalud.org)

For simultaneous acquisition, the 123 I window tended to be higher and narrower and the 99m Tc window tended to be lower and narrower than for the separate-isotope acquisition. (elsevier.com)

To compensate for the lack of isotope-labeled internal standards for the other analytes and account for matrix effects, the calibration standards were spiked into calf serum. (cdc.gov)
Then, 100 µL of the diluted urine is combined with 120 µL of a 0.2 N NaOH solution containing stable isotope labeled internal standards. (cdc.gov)

We have previously optimized the acquisition parameters for 201 Tl/ 99m Tc dual isotope imaging based on an ideal observer signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). (elsevier.com)

Furthermore, for the first time, efficient 13 C labeling has allowed reliable signal assignment using analytical separation techniques such as 3D HCCH-COSY spectra in higher organism extracts. (elsevier.com)

This U- 13 C-labeled lipid yeast extract might enable these shortcomings to be overcome. (yahoo.com)
In fact, these U- 13 C-labeled yeast cell extracts have already been widely used in microbiological metabolism studies, including targeted quantitative metabolite profiling. (yahoo.com)

Our research calls for high precision measurements of relative or absolute abundances of isotopes present in the environment, in trace (μg/g) or ultra-trace concentrations (ng/g or less). (cerege.fr)
Measurements made by isotope-doped incubation experiment followed by counting particulates collected on a 0.4/0.45um pore filter. (nerc.ac.uk)

However, our recent isotope labeling experiments on a grass species ( Phleum pratense ) yielded different conclusions from published data on a tree species ( Populus trichocarpa ), with the former showing rapid regeneration and the latter little regeneration in mature leaves. (picarro.com)

Liquid state $^{15}$N NMR studies of $^{15}$N isotope labeled phthaloc" by ARMAĞAN ATSAY, AHMET GÜL et al. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Heavy isotope dating techniques, particularly uranium-lead method, are well suited for carbonate minerals studies. (cerege.fr)

abstract = "Simultaneous acquisition SPECT brain imaging using a 99mTc labeled perfusion agent and an 123I labeled neurotransmitter agent has potential applications in diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. (elsevier.com)

Stable isotope labeled, or 'heavy' amino acids, are derived from natural amino acids by substitution of certain atoms (N, C, H) with their 'heavy isotope' variant. (pepscan.com)

The ISOtopic Solutions product line consists of stable isotope-labeled biomolecules and labeled biomass for the standardization and validation of mass spectrometric analysis methods. (yahoo.com)
Isotopic tags are chemically identical, but differ in their mass due to incorporated stable isotopes. (github.io)
We applied time-resolved stable isotope probing and nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (nanoSIMS) to quantify substrate assimilation by individual cells of Pseudomonas putida, P. stutzeri and Thauera aromatica . (ufz.de)
Investigators used mass spectrometry (MS), a novel assay that simultaneously measures absolute Aβ concentration and Aβ stable isotope labeling kinetics (SILK). (medscape.com)

The isotope composition of XeSIN scalable trading strategies not important because XeQ is by far the major Xe component. (qrforex.com)

The method is tolerant to the extent of labelling, and as such, may be applicable to a range of single cell systems. (phbuffers.org)
We propose a new quantitative gas chromatographymass spectrometry with isotope dilution (GC-ID-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 6β-OH-cortisol (6β-OHC). (semanticscholar.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science1

Health Care10

Geographicals2

Impact of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine on (deoxy)ribonucleotide metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis in tumor cells. (1/3036)

Transfer of the 1-pro-R and the 1-pro-S hydrogen atoms of ethanol in metabolic reductions in vivo. (2/3036)

Kinetics of thyroglobulin iodination and of hormone synthesis catalysed by thyroid peroxidase. Role of iodide in the coupling reaction. (3/3036)

Quantitative determination of N-acetylglucosamine residues at the non-reducing ends of peptidoglycan chains by enzymic attachment of [14C]-D-galactose. (4/3036)

Radioactive labelling of ribosomal proteins with reductive alkylation and its use in studying ribosome-cytosol interactions. (5/3036)

Intratumoral distribution of two consecutive injections of chimeric antibody G250 in primary renal cell carcinoma: implications for fractionated dose radioimmunotherapy. (6/3036)

Structures of the M2 channel-lining segments from nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptors by NMR spectroscopy. (7/3036)

15N-labelling and preliminary heteronuclear NMR study of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cytochrome c553. (8/3036)

Isotopes

Isotope Labeling

Nitrogen Isotopes

Oxygen Isotopes

Carbon Isotopes

Zinc Isotopes

Sulfur Isotopes

Deuterium

Iron Isotopes

Strontium Isotopes

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Mass Spectrometry

Indicator Dilution Techniques

Mercury Isotopes

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Kinetics

Deuterium Oxide

Evolution, Planetary

Radioisotopes

Hydrogen

Carbon Radioisotopes

Chromatography, Liquid

Zinc Radioisotopes

Geologic Sediments

Meteoroids

Carbon

Radiometric Dating

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Geological Phenomena

Food Chain

Tritium

Proteomics

Intestinal Absorption

Oxidation-Reduction

Atmosphere

Catalysis

Volcanic Eruptions

Geology

Chemical Fractionation

Models, Chemical

History, Ancient

Nitrogen

Radioactive Tracers

Mummies

Water

Carbon-Carbon Lyases

Paleontology

Methane

Oceans and Seas

Absorption

Carbon Dioxide

Ecosystem

Fossils

Animal Migration

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Proteome

Amino Acids

Seawater

Archaeology

Solar System

Protons

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Diet

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Biological Availability

Technetium

Radionuclide Imaging

Ammonium Compounds

Deuterium Exchange Measurement

Reference Standards

Forensic Sciences

Solvents

Models, Biological

Hair

Feces

Sulfides

Mathematics

Food Analysis

Zinc

Soil